Dutchess County Historical Society Yearbook Vol 030 1945 by D C H S

Year Book Dutchess County Historical Society Volume 30

1945

DUTCHESS COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY Incorporated under the laws of the State of New York December 21, 1918 Certificate of Incorporation filed in the office of the Clerk of Dutchess County Book 10 of Corporations page 153

DUTCHESS COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY MEETINGS — MEMBERSHIP — DUES ANNUAL MEETING, THIRD FRIDAY IN MAY SEMI-AN' NUAL MEETING, THIRD FRIDAY IN OCTOBER MEMBERSHIP Membership in the Dutchess County Historical Society may be had by the election of the applicant at the May or October meeting or at a meeting of the Board of Trustees and the payment of the dues. Annual Dues Life Membership

$ 2.00 $25.00

These payments carry with them the right to hold office, to vote and to take part in the proceedings of the Society. Annual dues are payable on January 1 of each year. Payment of two dollars at date of election entitles a new member to a copy of the Year Book for that current year. Next payment falls due the succeeding January and covers a copy of the Year Book issued in the year ensuing. Copies of the Year Book are mailed only to those members whose dues are paid to date. FORM OF BEQUEST I give and bequeath to the DUTCHESS COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY Dollars

OFFICERS 1 9 45 President: RAYMOND G. GUERNSEY, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Vice-President at Large: JAMES F. BALDWIN, Ph.D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary: J. WILSON POUCHER, M. D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Assistant Secretary: MRS. AMY PEARCE VERNOOY, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Treasurer: MRS. GEORGE B. WATERMAN, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Curator: ALLEN FROST, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. VICE-PRESIDENTS FOR TOWNS Town of Amenia City of Beacon Town of Beekman Town of Clinton Town of Dover Town of East Fishkill Town of Fishkill Town of Hyde Park Town of LaGrange Town of Milan Town of North East Town of Pawling Town of Pine Plains Town of Pleasant Valley Town of Poughkeepsie City of Poughkeepsie Town of Red Hook Town of Rhinebeck Town of Stanford Town of Union Vale Town of Wappinger Town of Washington

Mrs. J. E. Spingarn C. J. Slocum, M. D. Mrs. F. Philip Hoag Mrs. Hardy Steeholm Lawrence Belding Cummings Mrs. Edward B. Stringham Miss Edith Alden Benjamin H. Haviland Miss Ruth A. Halstead Henry R. Billings Frank L. Minor Samuel Deuel Clifford M. Buck Miss Annette Young John S. Wilson, M. D. Andrew C. Zabriskie Miss Albertina T. B. Traver Mrs. Joseph T. Tower Mrs. R. Theodore Coe Lenox Banks Oakleigh Thorne 4

BOARD OF TRUSTEES The President, ex-officio The Vice-President at Large, ex-officio The Secretary, ex-officio The Treasurer, ex-officio

CLASS OF 1946 George S. Van Vliet

Harry Harkness Flagler

Frank V. Mylod

Franklyn J. Poucher

CLASS OF 1947 Edmund Van Wyck

J. Hunting Otis Herbert C. Shears

CLASS OF 1948 .Mrs. Seward T. Green

Henry T. Hackett

Mrs. Stuart R. Anderson

Ronald Bogle

CLASS OF 1949 John Ross Delafield

Olin Dows

Willis L. M. Reese

Baltus Barentszen Van Kleeck

CONTENTS

Secretary's Minutes, October 21, 1944 - October 26, 1945 Treasurer's Report, October 21, 1944 - October 26, 1945

Page 9 19-20

Resolutions on the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt

Our President Says Raymond G. Guernsey

The Silversmiths of Poughkeepsie George B. Cutten and Amy Pearce Ver Nooy

Some History and Traditions of Pawling, New York, Part II Jennie Toffey Green

23 42

Dutchess County Men of the Revolutionary Period—Judge Robert R. Livingston, his Sons and Sons-in-law J. Wilson Poucher

Dutchess County Men of the Revolutionary Period—Colonel Henry Ludington and his Daughter Sybil J. Wilson Poucher and Barbara Corliss

Dutchess County Men—Benson John Lossing Amy Pearce Ver Nooy

Bible Records of Dutchess County Families

Membership List, 1945

Index to Year Books of 1940-1945

ILLUSTRATIONS Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Opp. p 20

Marks used by Poughkeepsie Silversmiths

Opp. p 24

Edited by AMY PEARCE VER NOOY The Year Book is published in December. Copies of the Year Book are mailed to those members whose dues are paid for the current year. Single issues are sold for $2.00 each and may be obtained through the secretary or the treasurer. Address: The Dutchess County Historical Society, Poughkeepsie, New York.

OCCASIONAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE DUTCHESS COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY 1916—PAMPHLET: Troutbeck, LI Dutchess County Homestead; by Charles E. Benton. Out of print. 1924—COLLECTIONS VOL. I; Poughkeepsie, The Origin and Meaning of the Word; by Helen Wilkinson Reynolds. 1924—COLLECTIONS, VOL. II; Old Gravestones of Dutchess County, New York; collected and edited by J. Wilson Poucher, M. D., and Helen Wilkinson Reynolds. 1928—COLLECTIONS, VOL. III; Records of the Town of Hyde Park, Dutchess County, New York; edited by Franklin D. Roosevelt. Edition exhausted. 1930—COLLECTIONS, VOL. IV; Notices of Marriages and Deaths in Newspapers printed at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1778-1825; compiled and edited by Helen Wilkinson Reynolds. 1932—COLLECTIONS. VOL. V; Records of the Reformed Dutch Church of New Hackensack, Dutchess County, New York: edited by Maria Bockee Carpenter Tower. 1938—COLLECTIONS, VOL. VI; Eighteenth Century Records of the portion of Dutchess County, New York, that was included in Rombout Precinct and the original Town of Fishkill. Collected by William Willis Reese. Edited by Helen Wilkinson Reynolds. 1940—COLLECTIONS, VOL. VII. Records of Crum Elbow Precinct, Dutchess County. Edited by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

For information in regard to any of the above publications address: Mrs. Amy Ver Nooy, Assistant Secretary, Dutchess County Historical Society, Adriance Memorial Library, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 8

SECRETARY'S MINUTES MEETING OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES .FEBRUARY 27, 1945 $25.00 from Mr. Raymond G. Guernsey in payment for life memberships. Mention was made that a number of members of the society are serving in the armed forces. It was moved by Mr. Poucher and seconded by Mr. Mylod that the membership be continued and payment of dues be suspended while any member of this society is in the service of the United States. The Treasurer reported that the committee had received $1,561.14 in the Helen Wilkinson Reynolds Memorial Fund. Mr. Bogle moved, and the motion was seconded, that the Board place on record its approval of the 1944 issue of the year book. Mr. Mylod explained that an attack transport, the U. S. S. DUTCHESS, had been launched on November 4, 1944, and that his brother had had some correspondence with one of the officers, Lieut. Edmund Thomassen of this county, who had sent to this society a program of the launching and that the commanding officer, Commander Aubrey B. Leggett had sent to the society a seven-star pennant from the ship. After some

A meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Dutchess County Historical Society was held at the Adriance Memorial Library on Tuesday afternoon, February 27, at four o'clock. • Present: President Guernsey, Mrs. Anderson, Mr. Bogle, Mr. Mylod, Mr. Poucher, Mr. Shears, and 1VIr. Van Wyck, the Secretary, the Treasurer and the Assistant Secretary. Mr. Guernsey opened the meeting and stated that the trustees had been called together to discuss plans for. the annual meeting to be held in May. The minutes of the meeting of the Board of Trustees, held April 20, 1944, were read and approved. The Treasurer reported that $200 had been received from Mrs. James Budd Rymph of Salt Point in payment for life memberships in the society for: Mr. Carlton L. Rymph, Mrs. Carlton L. Rymph, Mr. Ernest A. Rymph, Mrs. Ernest A. Rymph, Mr. Harvey J. Rymph, Mrs. Harvey J. Rymph, Mr. James Budd Rymph and Mrs. James Budd Rymph. . She also reported that she had received $25.00 from Mrs. Linus Du Rocher and 9

discussion it was decided that the society present to the ship a framed map of Dutchess County. Mr. Mylod described a map which had been published in 1941 and which had a short historical account of the county printed on the back. The President appointed Mr. Mylod and Mr. Bogle a committee to obtain such a map and requested the assistant secretary to see that it be suitably framed. Plans for the annual meeting, to be held in May, were discussed

and, upon mOtion, the President agreed to appoint a committee to arrange for a speaker for an evening meeting during the week of May 21. The following new members were nominated and elected: Miss Florence E. Boyden, Mrs. John M. Bush, Mrs. Irving Picard and Mr. Earl H. Sincerbox. There being no further business, the meeting adjourned. J. WILSON POUCHER, Secretary.

MEETING OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES APRIL 30, 1945 ,A meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Dutchess County Historical Society was held at the Adriance Memorial Library on Monday afternoon, April 30, at four o'clock. Present: President Guernsey, Dr. Baldwin, Mrs. Anderson, Mr. Mylod, Mr. Poucher, the Treasurer, the Secretary and the Assistant Secretary. Mr. Guernsey opened the meeting and stated that the annual meeting would be held at the Nelson House, Poughkeepsie, on Wednesday, May 23, at 6.30 p. m. Mrs. Waterman and Mrs. Ver Nooy were requested to make arrangements for the dinner. Dr. Baldwin reported that he

had discussed a program with his committee and had arranged with the Eastman Kodak Company of Rochester for the use of a sound film in technicolor, "Eighteenth Century Life in Williamsburg, Virginia." He said there would be no charge for the use of the film but the society would pay for insurance on it. He had also arranged for the use of a projector, the property of the Board of Education. Mr. Guernsey reported that the society had had the misfortune to lose three of its officers: President Roosevelt, a member of the society since the year of its organization and a vice-president since 1926; Mrs. Jacob Brill, a member 10

since 1925 and a vice-president since 1937, when she succeeded her husband in the same office which he had held since 1919; and Mr. Chester Husted, a charter member of the society and a member of the Board of 'Trustees since 1928.

Mr. Guernsey also appointed: a nominating committee to ' present a slate of officers to be elected at the annual meeting. This committee was composed of Mr. J. Hunting Otis, chairman, Mr. Edmund Van Wyck and Mr. Herbert C. Shears. The President announced that Dr. J. Wilson Poucher had presented to the society 85 volumes from his library. These books were all on New York State history and will be a valuable addition to the collections of the society. The names of Mrs. Jean H. Bower and Mrs. Alicia H. Forster were presented and they were elected annual members of the society. There being no further business, the meeting adjourned. J. WILSON POUCHER, Secretary.

A committee, composed of Mr. Frank V. 1VIylod, chairman, Mrs. Hardy Steeholm and Mr. Henry T. Hackett, was appointed to prepare a resolution expressing the loss to the society in the death of the late President Franklin D. Roosevelt. A committee, composed of 1VIr. Ronald F. Bogle, chairman, Mr. Franklyn J. Poucher and Mr. Baltus B. Van Kleeck, was appointed to prepare a resolution on the death of their fellow trustee, Mr. Chester I-Iusted.

ANNUAL MEETING MAY 23, 1945 The annual meeting of the Dutchess County Historical Society was held on Wednesday evening, May 23, at the Nelson House, Poughkeepsie. There was an attendance of 147 persons at the dinner which was served at 6.30 p. m. Following the dinner the business session was held. The president, Mr. Guernsey,

called the meeting to order: Upon motion it was decided to dispense with the reading of the minutes of the semi-annual meeting, held October 31, 1944, they being approved as printed - in the year book. The report of the secretary was read by the assistant secretary and listed the receipt of the following 11

ruary 8-9, 1690, Documentary Records and Historical Notes, compiled by Rev. W.. N. P. Dailey, D. D., Schenectady, 1940, (a pamphlet, the gift of Dr. Dailey) ; The History of Montgomery Classis, Reformed Church in America, by W. N. P. Dailey, Amsterdam, 1916, (the gift of Dr. Dailey) ; Hosmer Genealogy, by George Leonard Hosmer, Cambridge, Mass., 1928, (the gift of Elizabeth Hosmer Cutcliffe) ; Ferncliff Farm, (an illustrated pamphlet, the gift of Mr. Vincent Astor) ; Finch Family Association, Bulletin No. 2, April 1945; A letter from A. A. Olssen of New York to her cousin, Mr. Charles Brown, Salt Point, dated December 19, 1839, (the gift of Mrs. Hardy Steeholm) ; 85 books from the library of Dr. Poucher ; A silver fork, formerly in the possession of Luke D. Wymbs, grandfather of Mrs. B. F. Harder of Glenham, (the gift of Mrs. Harder) ; A seven-star pennant from the U. S. S. DUTCHESS and an invitation to the launching of the ship November 4, 1944, (the gift of Commandei

items by gift and exchange: New York History, the quarterly of the New York State Historical Association, for October 1944, January and April 1945; Bulletin from Headquarters House, the State Historical Association, for November 1944 and February 1945; The New York Historical Society Quarterly Bulletin for October 1944, January and April 1945; The Quarterly Bulletin of the Westchester County Historical Society for April-July 1944, October 1944, and January 1945; The Pacific Northwest Quarterly, published by the University of Washington, for January and April 1945; Material for the Study of the Maryland Manors, compiled by Montgomery Schuyler, publication No. 30, The Order of Colonial Lords of Manors in America, 1944; Headquarters, Eastern Defense Command, Public Proclamation No. 7, May 22, 1944; The Local Historian in New York, by Albert B. Corey, (a pamphlet reprinted from New York History, January 1945) ; The Burning of Schenectady, Feb12

Aubrey B. Leggett and Lieutenant Edmund Thomassen). The secretary reported that the society had sent to the U. S. S. DUTCHESS a framed map of Dutchess County and copies of two year books, one containing the story of the establishment of the county and the other a reproduction of a painting of Mary Beatrice d'Este, the Duchess of York, for whom the county was named. The secretary reported that ten life members and six annual members had been elected at two meetings of the Board of Trustees. The secretary further reported that the society had lost two members by resignation and the following members by death: Mrs. Jacob S. Brill, the Rev. William Bancroft Hill, Mr. Chester Husted, Miss Alberta F. Matthews, Mr. Augustus R. Reynolds and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The report of the treasurer was given by Mrs. Waterman and was approved and ordered printed in the year book. The president announced that the committee appointed for that purpose had prepared a resolution expressing the loss to this society in the death of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The resolution was read and approved and ordered spread on the minutes and a suit-

ably inscribed copy presented to the family of the late President Roosevelt. Mr. Guernsey also announced that the committee appointed for a similar purpose had prepared a resolution expressing the regret of this society in the passing of Mr. Chester Husted. The following resolution was read and approved and it was ordered that it be incorporated in the minutes and a copy delivered to the family of the late Mr. Husted: WHEREAS, the sudden death of Chester Husted, a Charter Member and a Trustee of the Dutchess County Historical Society, was a great shock to the whole community and will be particularly felt by our society, since his many years of valued service had endeared him to the membership, now, therefore be it RESOLVED, That the members of this society put on record an expression of sincere regret and sorrow felt by them in the loss of their fellow member and trustee, .Chester Husted. Mr. Husted was instrumental in organizing our society and for many years had been interested in the history of our county. His wholehearted participation in the activities of the society and the high standard of his character together with his many interests 13

caused him to stand out in our community. Our society is greatly indebted for the many years of service rendered by Mr. Husted and we feel that his loss will be sorrowfully and keenly felt. RONALD F. BOGLE FRANKLYN J. POUCHER BALTUS B. VAN KLEECK Committee. Mr. J. Hunting Otis, for the nominating committee, presented the names of the present incumbents in the offices of president, vice-president-at-large, secretaryi assistant secretary, treasurer and curator, and renominated as trustees of the class of 1949: General John Ross Delafield, Lieutenant Willis L. M. Reese, Mr. Baltus B. Van Kleeck and Sergeant Olin Dows. He also nominated Mrs. Seward T. Green as trustee, to fill the unexpired term of Mr. Husted ; Mrs. F. Philip Hoag, Mrs. Hardy Steeholm, Mr. Benjamin H. Haviland and Mr. Clifford M. Buck as vice-presidents representing the towns of Beekman, Clinton, Hyde Park and Pleasant Valley, respectively. It was moved and seconded that the secretary cast

one ballot for the election of the foi;egoing officers. This was done and the officers were accordingly elected. The names of the following new members were presented and they were elected annual members: Mr. Martin Berry, Mrs. Martin Berry, Mrs. Walter A. Cartwright, Mr. Raymond G. Cross, Mr. Clifford J. Nuhn, Mrs. Clifford J. Nuhn, The Rev. Cornelius If Otto, and Mrs. Fred Holmes Rees. There being no further business, 1\/Ir. Guernsey presented Mr. IVIax Reutershan, principal of the high school, and Edward Wallin and John Poucher, who were suitably recognized. Dr. Baldwin, as program chairman, then announced that a sound picture in technicolor depicting "Eighteenth Century Life in Williamsburg, Virginia," would be shown. Following the showing of the picture the meeting closed with a rising vote of thanks to Mr. Reutershan for the use of the projection machine and to Edward Wallin for the operation of the same. J. WILSON POUCHER, Secretary.

MEETING OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES SEPTEMBER 26, 1945 A meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Dutchess County

Historical Society was held at the Adriance Memorial Library on 14

Wednesday afternoon, September 26, at 4 p. m.

It was noted that during the war certain of the more valuable documents belonging to this society were placed in temporary storage at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. The curator sent word that these could now safely be removed_ and recommended that the society obtain a fireproof location for their permanent storage place. After considerable discussion the matter was laid over until a future: meeting.

Present: President Guernsey, Dr. Baldwin, Mr. Dows, Mrs. Green, Mr. F. J. Poucher, Mr. Van Kleeck, Mr. Van Wyck, the treasurer, the secretary and the assistant secretary. Mrs. Seward T. Green was welcomed as a new member of the Board, to serve the unexpired term of Mr. Husted. A letter was read from Miss Lucy K. Roberts of Pawling bringing to the attention of this society the condition of a bronze plaque which had been placed in 1905 on a tree on the property of Miss Roberts and which now needed attention. After discussion it was decided to ask the cooperation of the local office of the State Department of Public Works in that township. Mrs. Green volunteered to see that this was attended to.

Mr. Van Wyck extended an invitation from the Poughkeepsie Grange to the society to hold its fall meeting at the grange halt._ Dr. Baldwin, for the program com— mittee, explained the tentative• plans which had been made for the meeting and it was decided that with the cooperation of the Grange a very successful meeting was pro-mised. The secretary reported that the society had lost another trustee in the death of Mr. De La Vergne. The president appointed a committee of two, Mr. Henry Hackett and Dr. M. C. Ashley, to prepare a suitable resolution to be presented at the fall meeting.

A letter was read from the Howland Circulating Library of Beacon listing the volumes of the year book of this society which would be needed to give them a complete file. Permission was given to the assistant secretary to send to this library some back issues of the year book which had been returned to the society by members who had duplicate copies in their families.

There being no further business, the meeting adjourned. J. WILSON POUCHER, Secretary. 15

SEMI-ANNUAL MEETING OCTOBER 26, 1945 The Yearbook of the Dutch Settlers Society of Albany, 19441945; The Pacific-Northwest Quarterly, July 1945; Prize List, 100th Annual Dutchess County Fair, 1945; Hebrew Technical Institute, Fiftieth Anniversary, 1934. The gift of the Rev. W. N. P. Dailey, D. D.; Memoriam, John A. Ingham, In 1868-1944. The gift of the Rev. W. N. P. Dailey, D. D.; Finch Family Association, Bulletin No. 3, July 1945; Selected Americana Exclusive of New York, from the Library of the New-York Historical Society, (a pamphlet issued by the New-York Historical Society, 1945) ; IVIap of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1874, drawn by H. H. Bailey and lithographed by G. W. Lewis, Albany, N. Y. (The gift of Miss Emily Scott) ; Several wills and deeds relating to the Flagler family and Flagler property in the town of Beekman, 1764-1839, (the gift of Mr. Theodore Rogers Brill) ; Colonel Henry Ludington, a Memoir; by Willis Fletcher Johnson. New York, 1907,

The semi-annual meeting of the Dutchess County Historical Society was held on Friday, October 26, at the hall of the Poughkeepsie Grange. There was an attendance of 70 members at the business meeting at 11.30 o'clock. The meeting was called to order by the president. The minutes of the annual meeting, held May 23, and of a meeting of the Board of Trustees, held September 26, were read and approved. The report of the secretary was read by the assistant secretary and reported the receipt, by gift and exchange, of the following items: New York History, the quarterly of the New York State Historical Association, for July; Bulletin from Headquarters House, The State Historical Association, for August, 1945; New-York Historical Society Quarterly Bulletin for July and October 1945; The Quarterly Bulletin of the Westchester County Historical Society for April-July 1945; Report of The Historical Society of Newburgh Bay and the Highlands, publication No. 31, published in 1945; 16

privately printed. (The gift of Miss Julia E. Baldwin) ; Notebook of genealogical notes kept by Miss Julia Baldwin. (The gift of IVIiss Baldwin) ; Field Report on the Battlefield of Gettysburg, by the New York Monuments Commission for the Battlefields of Gettysburg and Chattanooga. Albany, J. B. Lyon Company, 1900. 3 vols. (The gift of Mrs. George W. Krieger, Jr.). The report of the secretary also stated that the society had lost two members by resignation and the following members by death: Mr. Ferdinand R. Bain, Mrs. Charles j. Bower, Mr. Charles M. De La Vergne, Mr. Frank B. Howard, Mrs. John M. Janes, Dr. Charles G. Kerley, Miss Margaret lVIacIntyre, Mrs. David Hugh 'MacKenzie, Mrs. Alva L. Peckham and Mrs. Myles Standish. The treasurer's report was given by Mrs. Waterman and was approved and ordered printed in the year book. The curator, Mr. Frost, reported that the various items belonging to the society had been put in order and listed and he strongly recommended that the society endeavor to procure a proper, fireproof place to house its possessions. Mrs. Ver Nooy, for the year book committee, reported that part

of the material had already been sent to the printer and the balance would follow shortly after this meeting and that she hoped the issue would appear about the usual time. Dr. Baldwin, chairman of the program committee, said that he was pleased to see so large an attendance and that he felt that credit for carrying out the plans for this meeting should go to Mr. Van Wyck, who had made all the arrangements. He endorsed Mr. Frost's appeal for a suitable place for the safekeeping of the possessions of the society. Mrs. Waterman, chairman of the committee appointed to obtain ccntributions to the Helen Wilkinson Reynolds Memorial Fund, reported that there was a total of $1,677.52 in the fund and she urged the members to assist with it. Mrs. Isaac Wheaton suggested that a definite campaign be made to increase this fund, and the Rev. Kinkhead suggested that a circular letter be sent to each of the members of the society asking for contributions. Mrs. Green reported that the Historical Society of Quaker Hill and vicinity would take care of the matter of the bronze marker on the tree at Pawling, which showed the location of Washington's headquarters at the residence 17

of John Kane, concerning which Miss Lucy K. Roberts had written to this historical society.

ture, kitchen utensils and tools which had been brought by the members of the grange for exhibit at this meeting.

The assistant secretary proposed the following list of new members Mr. Van Wyck then announced and they were elected: Mr. Peter that the society had been invited M. Cornell, Mrs. Peter M. Cor- to visit two homes in the neighnell, Mr. Ernest Croft, Mrs. Er- borhood: the home of Mr. and nest Croft, Mrs. Luis J. Francke, Mrs. David B. Sleight, and the Jr., Miss Katherine Millard, Mr. home of Mr. and Mrs. Willetts Harold Nestler, Mrs. Edward 1VI. DeGarmo, the two oldest houses Riggs, Mrs. Elizabeth Ring, Mr. in the neighborhood. Robert Parker Thomas and the The meeting closed with a rising Howland Circulating Library of vote of thanks to Mr. Van Wyck Beacon. and the members of the grange On motion, the meeting adwho had contributed to this very journed to the dining room where pleasant occasion. 140 members were served with a After visiting the historic and delicious lunch. attractive homes of Mr. and Mrs. Following the luncheon the Sleight and of Mr. and Mrs. Degathering reassembled in the meetGarmo, the members dispersed at ing room, where 1VIr. Van Wyck 'their convenience. gave an instructive and interesting J. WILSON POUCHER, talk on the large array of antiques, Secretary. —quilts, coverlets, shawls, furni-

Mr. Nicholas Power, Please to insert the following in your paper three weeks. I Observed in your paper of the 17th inst. that I the subscriber was , —which is a mistake, and your author married to Miss Susan From your friend, is an infamous 1yar. and humble servant, John Rhinebeck landing, Feb. 24th, 1796. The Poughkeepsie Journal, March 2, 1796. 18

REPORT OF THE TREASURER OCTOBER 21, 1944 - MAY 23, 1945 PERMANENT ACCOUNT Poughkeepsie Savings Bank Balance on hand October 21, 1944 $5,335.81 Deposits 250.00 Interest 53.49 $5,639.30 CHECKING ACCOUNT Receipts Balance on hand October 21, 1944 $1,250.27 Received from dues and sale of books 1,032.00 $2,282.27 Disbursements Honorarium, speaker at meeting, October 21, 1944.$ 25.00 Stamped envelopes 43.65 Reply postcards and postage 14.24 Lansing-Broas Company, printing cards, fall meeting 6.25 Honorarium, Curator 25.00 Honorarium, Assistant Secretary 50.00 Honorarium, Treasurer 50.00 Swan Engraving Company, plate for year book . . 11.20 Postage on year book 15.00 Editorial work on year book 200.00 Refund to permanent account 200.00 Addressing, packing and carting year book 14.00 Lansing-Broas Company, binding year book . . . . 61.00 Rhinebeck Gazette, printing year book, copyright, etc. 317.06 5.00 Flowers sent Mr. Husted 5.00 Postage 1,042.40 $1,239.87 Balance on hand May 23, 1945 THE HELEN WILKINSON REYNOLDS MEMORIAL FUND Balance on hand, October 21, 1944 1,203.66 411.00 Received in contributions 14.37 Interest $1,629.03 Balance on hand May .23, 1945 INVESTED FUNDS War Bond, purchased April 1943, matures April 1955 $ 749.00 valued May 1945 Respectfully submitted, KATHERINE B. WATERIVIAN, Treasurer. 19

REPORT OF THE TREASURER MAY 23, 1945 - OCTOBER 26, 1945 PERMANENT ACCOUNT Poughkeepsie Savings Bank $5,639.30 55.69 $5,694.99

Balance on hand May 23, 1945 Interest CHECKING ACCOUNT Receipts Balance on hand May 23, 1945 Received from dues and sale of books

$1,239.87 148.90 $1,388.77

Disbursements Reply cards and postage $ 8.90 S. W. Raymond, framing and mailing map to S. S 4.25 DUTCHESS Incidental expenses, May meeting 1.57 Lansing-Broas Co., printing cards, May meeting. 6.75 Honorarium, Curator 25.00 Honorarium, Assistant Secretary 50.00 Honorarium, Treasurer 50.00 Frank B. Howard, printing resolutions 16.60 Annual contribution toward expenses of Glebe House 120.00 Exchange on Canadian check .20 283.27 Balance on hand October 26, 1945

$1,105.50

THE HELEN WILKINSON REYNOLDS MEMORIAL FUND Balance on hand May 23, 1945 Received in contributions and interest

$1,629.03 48.49

Balance on hand October 26, 1945 INVESTED FUNDS War Bond, purchased April 1943, matures April $ 754.00 1955, valued October 1945

$1,677.52

•

Respectfully submitted, KATHERINE B. WATERMAN, Treasurer. 20

FRANK'

N:DEL, NO. ROOSLVELT

A reproduction of the painting by Frank 0. Salisbury,

reprinted here with the permission of the New York Graphic Society.

RESOLUTIONS adopted by THE DUTCHESS COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY MAY 23, 1945 WHEREAS, on April 12, 1945, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the thirty-first President of the United States, died at Warm Springs, Georgia, having been a member of the Dutchess County Historical Society from the time of its organization in 1914 and Vice-President for the Town of Hyde Park since 1926, and WHEREAS, he was an ardent and enthusiastic student of Dutchess County history and always took a deep interest in the activities of this society, contributing material for the year books and editing publications under its auspices, and WHEREAS, while Governor of New York State and President of the United States, he frequently used his influence to procure for the society articles of historical value which were not readily obtainable, and WHEREAS, he persuaded the British Admiralty in London to furnish to this society copies of certain documents and of the logs of the British ships engaged in the raid up the Hudson River in October, 1777, during which the city of Kingston was burned, these documents having been published in the year books of 1935 and 1936, and WHEREAS, this society appreciates the great honor of having had him as a member for so many years and owes to him a deep sense of gratitude for his work and efforts in promoting and aiding it in its work, now therefore be it RESOLVED, That this society records his passing with profound sorrow, for he was its most distinguished and illustrious member, and extends to his family its expression of sympathy and respect; be it further RESOLVED, That the foregoing resolution be spread in full upon the minutes of this society and a copy be suitably inscribed and sent to Mrs. Franklin Delano Roosevelt on behalf of the family. Clara Steeholm, Henry T. Hackett, Frank V. Mylod, Committee.

OUR PRESIDENT SAYS: -We are all glad that the second World War is over, with peaceagain encouraging us onward. * * Our society is proud of our members who were in the service dur:mg the war: Charles Adams Baldwin, Herbert V. Dederer, Olin Dows, Marguerite Drennen, Alfred Hasbrouck, Dr. Charles F. MacDonald, T. Eugene Mahoney, John J. Morrow, Harold E. Nestler, -Willis L. M. Reese, Allan A. Ryan and Hardy Steeholm. ui

Departing from our usual custom, the annual meeting was held on May 23, in the evening, in connection with a dinner at the Nelson House, Poughkeepsie. The evening meeting was well attended and might be repeated. Dr. Baldwin, of our program committee, presented an instructive and interesting entertainment—a sound motion picture in technicolor, depicting "Eighteenth Century Life in Williamsburg, Virginia." Through the kind cooperation of Mr. Reutershan, Principal of the High School, we were loaned a projection machine, and Edward Wallin, one of the students, operated the machine. *

The semi-annual meeting, held October 26, was most successful. It was held at the hall of the Poughkeepsie Grange, where a splendid fexhibit of antiques had been arranged, and our trustee, Edmund Van Wyck, described each article on display and gave us an interesting and - illuminating address. The members of the grange served an excellerit luncheon. After the program we were invited by the present owners to visit two old homes in the neighborhood. The Sleight homestead, now the home of Mr. and Mrs. David B. Sleight, was built by Jacobus Sleight in 1798. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Willetts DeGarmo was built, in part, by Gilbert Palen between 1735 and 1748 and was purchased and added to by Zephaniah Platt in 1762. * * We look forward to the time when we shall have a permanent home • hr our valuables, particularly a fireproof and air-conditioned vault. • Some of our historic documents and possessions are housed in Vassar Brothers Institute while others are temporarily at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. * * * Let each of us pledge his or her utmost to the advancement of the Dutchess County Historical Society. RAYMOND G. GUERNSEY. 22

THE SILVERSMITHS OF POUGHKEEPSIE Early history inevitably shades off into tradition and is consequently inaccurate and sketchy. We find that true of the history of silversmiths. At the time they worked they were simply craftsmen in a community and taken for granted; so different from soldiers and politicians, whose every motion was noted and not infrequently recorded. The village of Poughkeepsie dates back to 1717 but was not incorporated until 1799. Naturally there were silversmiths working here early in the eighteenth century, tor they followed the blacksmiths very closely. Up to the present time the earliest known reference to a silversmith in the village was in 1761, but his name did not appear in the assessment lists for that year. The reference was made in a news note in The NewYork Mercury of July 13, 1761, as follows: We hear from Poughkeepsie, that about a Fortnight since, one Hamilton, a Silversmith, was committed to Goal there on Suspicion of making Spanish milled Dollars; but in a few Days after he was put in, to save any further Trouble, he hang'd himself with his own Handkerchief, by making it fast to a Spike that was drove into the Goal Wall.

The next mention of a silversmith was in 1765, in the assessment list for Poughkeepsie Precinct which contained the name of "Mr. Rockwell, silversmith," but his name did not appear in subsequent lists so he evidently moved on. Who he was we cannot be sure, but John Rockwell was a silversmith in Lansingburgh in 1787 as a member of the firm of Yates & Rockwell and, in 1788, of Rockwell, Smith & Whitney. The tollowing year the partnership was dissolved and he worked independently there until 1795. The assessment list for Poughkeepsie Precinct in 1773 carried the name of "Reed, the Silver Smith." The name appeared as Eli Reed in 1774, 1775 and 1777 but was not included in the list for 1778. In the assessment list for 1778 there was an entry of "James Pritchet, Silversmith." The following year the name is repeated but spelled "Pritcher," no occupation is connected with this name and the assessment rolls for the subsequent years are missing. However, he remained in the village and worked there for some years. Before this, in the list for 1775, appeared the name of Andrew Billings and history began, perhaps because he was a soldier as well as a silversmith. On June 5, 1798, there was published in Poughkeepsie Vol. 1, No. I, of The Rural Casket, probably the only issue to appear. It was printed 23

by Power & Southwick. Nicholas Power, the senior member of the firm, was the father of Henry Power and grandfather of Henry R. Power, both silversmiths. The first article in this publication was entitled, "Description of Poughkeepsie," and the following is a quotation from it: Of dry good, grocery and hardware stores there are perhaps twenty; two shops of jewellry, watches and clocks; a manufactory of tobacco; a large tan-work; and saddles, harnesses and carriages, made as expeditiously and as neat as in New York.

One of the jewelry shops was undoubtedly that of Andrew Billings. If the writers on early American silver had deliberately conspired fo rob Poughkeepsie of its silversmiths, they could hardly have been any more successful. These smiths are entirely ignored or misplaced. Andrew Billings is either not located or placed in Connecticut, Preston, Conn., or Troy; the firm of Storm & Wilson is placed in Connecticut or Philadelphia; and A. G. Storm and A. G. Storm & Son are located in Albany. Even such a comprehensive list as Ensko I gives but one Poughkeepsie firm and that of 1840, and as late and correct a book as Currier places A. G. Storm and A. G. Storm & Son in Albany. John Adriance is located by the Ryerson genealogy as a manufacturer in Worcester, Mass. One of the Poughkeepsie silversmiths used a most curious mark. It was "S & Wilson" with the "s" in Wilson reversed. French gave it as "S N. Wilson, Connecticut;" Ensko I presented "S. Wilson, Philadelphia;" Ensko II, "S. & S. Wilson, Philadelphia;" Graham, "S. & S. Wilson, Philadelphia;" Okie and Wyler both gave "S. Wilson, Philadelphia," and "S. & S. Wilson, Philadelphia." After considerable re-search it appears that the mark was that used by Storm & Wilson of Poughkeepsie, and apparently they never used any other mark. Just why Storm's name was abbreviated to "S", it is hard to say. Storm was the -strong member of the firm; who James Wilson was, where he came from, where he went after the dissolution of the partnership, history has not revealed. His association with Storm and his prominent name in this mark are his chief excursions out of obscurity. Perhaps this mark betrays compensation. Ensko I lists a James Wilson in Trenton, N. J. in 1769; was this the same one? He was a trustee of the village of Poughkeepsie in 1809 and a trustee of the Lancaster School when it was ,organized. 24

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Marks used by some Poughkeepsie silversmiths.

There are at least four cases among American silversmiths where the mark is characterized by this idiosyncracy, two of these in Poughkeepsie. The other Poughkeepsie mark is that of "H & Adriance" to represent the firm of Hayes & Adriance. Here, again, Hayes was the stronger member of the firm. This firm however, also used as a mark the name written in full, "Hayes & Adriance." It is difficult to understand why Andrew ,Billings was not more correctly located. His military record was somewhat outstanding, his engraving the seals for the city of New York should have given him prominence and his connection with the Livingston family elevated him a little above his fellows. It is probably his own fault that in one book, he is supposed to be two different persons, because one of his marks lacks the final "s" in his name. However, he worked as early as 1775 in Poughkeepsie, was president of the village board and made good silver for prominent people. Abraham G. Storm was a very active business man, but always in Poughkeepsie, and was interested in many ventures outside of his own business. Poughkeepsie was rather advanced in this respect. In the 1830's an organization called "The Improvement Party," which might now be known as the Chamber of Commerce, was formed and was very much in evidence for a time. New streets were laid out, two whaling companies were organized, a locomotive factory was built, plans were made for the railroad, several schools and two new churches were erected and the silversmiths of the period were prominent among the stockholders of the various companies as well as office holders in the village. A serious fire in 1836, followed by the financial depression of 1837, forced a drastic curtailment of the work of the organization. Many of its members lost their money and some moved to the West. There seems to have been a bountiful distribution of middle initials among Poughkeepsie silversmiths but a great paucity of middle names. Abraham G. Storm never used a middle name, not even in his will. He was baptized without a midde name but probably carried out the Dutch custom of using his father's name, Goris, to differentiate him from other Abraham Storms in the neighborhood and John B. Frear, son of Baltus Frear, most likely adopted the middle initial for the same reason. Peter P. Hayes, Edmund M. Hayes, William S. Morgan and Henry R. Power seem never to have had or, at least, to have revealed middle names. Peter 25

Van BorneII decided to give himself and his family a new deal in respect to names, so, in 1803, by an act of the legislature he became and afterwards remained Peter Robert Maison. The towns and villages situated on the banks of the Hudson River for two hundred miles above New York City, all produced silver in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries but, with the exception of Albany, the most important center for the exercise of this craft was Poughkeepsie. Andrew Billings was its most outstanding silversmith, perhaps because he refused to be lured away from his planishing hammer and snarling iron. Abraham Storm became a hardware merchant, Peter Van Borne11 a dry goods merchant and John Adriance a foundry manager. In addition to those named as silversmiths the village directories listed the following men as jewelers or watch and clock makers: Moses Myers Adsit, 1845; Matthew V. Cable, 1850, located at the same address as Benjamin C. Van Vliet ; William Hayman, 1847-1849; Solomon G. Jennings, 1848, 1849; Thomas L. Jones, 1850; Knoeller, 1843; M. Maryon, 1850,. at the same address as William S. .A/Iorgan ; Enoch Pardee, 1843-1848; and Jonathan Putnam, 1843, 1844. In 1820 Alva Hotchkiss advertised that he repaired clocks. The register of the Reformed Church at Poughkeepsie, records the marriage on March 17, 1833, of William Griffith, jeweler, to Mary Canfield. Some of these people may have also worked with silver. Although Poughkeepsie developed into the largest community, it was not the only locality in Dutchess County which could boast of silversmiths. In the assessment list of Amenia Precinct for 1763 is listed the entry "Josiah Burton, Goldsmith", and he undoubtedly worked with silver too. In Philip Smith's history of the county mention is made that on Quaker Hill, lived one Peter Fields, a silversmith, doing a small business," before the Revolution. John Bedford (1757-1834) of Fishkill, was a well known and very skillful craftsman. In 1813 Hooker & Morgan, of Pine Plains, advertised as clock and watch makers. Rhinebeck had several silversmiths, among whom were Spencer Whiting who advertised in 1816, James Styles who worked there in 1780 and William J. Styles who, in 1823, advertised that he continued "at his old stand on Main-street, Rhinebeck." William Terry was a clock maker in the Nine Partners in 1793 and was the maker of "Terry spoons" owned by local residents. In 1790 he was living in the town of Washington, at Mechanic. 26

Following is a list of the silversmiths of Poughkeepsie and included in the number are some who may have been watchmakers or jewelers. It is difficult to differentiate them, for many workmen practiced all of these related crafts. Our research ends at 1850 as this is about the time when electric plating began and machinery was being introduced. ADRIANCE & COOK (1814-1815). John Adriance and Harry Cook. The partnership was announced June 8, 1814, and dissolved the following year. CHARLES PLATT ADRIANCE (1790-1874). He was born at Hopewell, N. Y., October 12, 1790, the son of Theodorus Adriance and Killetie Swartwout. He came to Poughkeepsie to the home of his sister, Mrs. Abraham G. Storm, and learned his trade in the shop of his brotherin-law. On June 15, 1813, he married Sarah Camp, daughter of Aaron Camp, of Newark, New Jersey, and formerly of Rhinebeck, N. Y. In 1816 he went to Richmond, Va., where he engaged in business as a silversmith and jeweler. He remained there until he sold the business August 28, 1832, to Charles Gannet. Family tradition says he then purchased a team of horses and a carriage and, with his wife, two daughters, and son William, drove from Richmond to Poughkeepsie where he bought the property later known as College Hill, the highest ground in the village. He soon after sold the crown of the hill for the erection of the Poughkeepsie Collegiate School but retained the handsome residence on the southern slope until a few years before his death, November 25, 1874. His wife died August 22, 1877. The son, William Adriance, was engaged in the jewelry business for seven years in Natchez, Miss., and later in the dry goods business in St. Louis, but returned in 1864 to make his home in Poughkeepsie. JOHN ADRIANCE (1795-1873). He was born at Hopewell, Dutchess County, N. Y., January 10, 1795, the son of Abraham Adriance, Jr., and Anna Storm. In August 1809, he came to Poughkeepsie where he Iva' s ari apprentice to Storm & Wilson. He was a member of the firms of Adriance & Cook and Hayes & Adriance from 1814 to 1826. He retired from Hayes & Adriance to enter the foundry business. He was connected with the Dutchess Furnace and remained with that concern until the organization of the famous Buckeye Mower & Reaper Company, with which firm he was associated until the time of his death. In later years the firm of Adriance, Platt & Company built an 27

extensive factory and shops on the riverfront and manufactured farm machines for many years, exporting them to a number of countries in Europe. He married, July 31, 1817, Sarah Ely Harris, (born February 15, 1799, and died June 3, 1838). On July 21, 1840, he married Mrs. Eliza Orton, the widow of Perez Orton and daughter of Abraham G. Storm. He was prominent in the village life. In 1833, he was one of the incorporators of the Dutchess Whaling Company, in 1838 a member of the conservative political organization, in 1840 a trustee of the village and was for many years a director of the Merchants Bank. He died at Poughkeepsie April 19, 1873. His son, John P. Adriance, who followed him in the manufacture of farm machinery, was prominent in the business and civic life of the community for many years. The Adriance Memorial Library, housing the public library of Poughkeepsie, was built in his memory. SAMUEL G. BAILEY. He was listed as a silversmith in the village directories in 1849 and 1850 and for some years after. In the directories of 1860 and 1862 he is listed as a lieutenant of the 23rd Connecticut Regiment. He married, May 27, 1849, Martha A. Denton, of Poughkeepsie. ALBERT BALL (1811-1875). He came to Poughkeepsie in 1831 and worked for Peter P. Hayes. The following year he bought out Hayes' watchmaking department and continued to work in the store. On September 22, 1832, he married at Christ Church, Susan M. Depew. They had several children. In 1838 and 1839 he was a director of the Poughkeepsie Lyceum. In the fall of 1840 he left Poughkeepsie and settled at Galveston, Texas. When he died there, August 8, 1875, he was president of the Galveston Insurance Company. After the death of her husband Mrs. Ball returned to Poughkeepsie, where she died June 27, 1900. He and his wife and four of their children are buried at Poughkeepsie. CHARLES BALL. He evidently followed Albert Ball at Peter P. Hayes' in 1840. His name appears in the village directories until 1848. ANDREW BILLINGS (1743-1808). He was born November 25, 1743, at Stonington, Conn., the son of John Billings and Elizabeth 28

Page. He has been the subject of four articles* published within the past few years which have left little to be said further about this most prominent of our early silversmiths. His name first appeared in the assessment lists of Poughkeepsie Precinct in 1775. In that year he was commissioned a captain in the third line regiment and the following year became a major. His service continued until 1781. He is also referred to as "Assistant Commissioner of Conspiracies," having been appointed a member of the Commission for Detecting and Defeating Conspiracies in the State of New York, and he attended, in the fall of 1779, several meetings of this committee held on board the sloop Hudson in the Esopus Creek. He was a member and officer of Solomon's Lodge and of the Mechanics' Literary and Benevolent Association of the village, a slave owner, a pewholder and contributor at Christ Church, to which latter organization, in 1790, he presented "an elegant Time piece." Major Billings married, August 2, 1778, "the amiable Mrs. Van Kleeck, relict of the late I\4r. Lawrence Van Kleeck, and daughter of James Livingston, Esq." She was Cornelia Livingston, the widow of Dr. Lawrence Van Kleeck and the mother of four young children. TI e oldest son, Lawrence, died as a child. These children were apparently much attached to their step-father; when Sally married the newspaper notice spoke of her as Sally Billings Van Kleeck (she probably grew up as Sally Billings), and Baltus Livingston Van Keeck, a physician for many years in Newburgh, named one of his children Livingston Billings Van Kleeck. For several years, until the partnership was dissolved in 1798, Billings was a partner in the drug store, under the firm name of Doctor James L. Van Kleeck and Company. He may have supplied the money in the early years of the business of his step-son. Major Billings and Cornelia were the parents of seven children. They lived on the corner of Main and Academy Streets until about 1800 when he built a handsome home on Academy Street which survived the changes in that neighborhood until after 1900. * "House of Andrew Billings," in Dutchess County Doorways, by Helen Wilkinson Reynolds, New York, 1931; "Dutchess County Men of the Revolutionary Period,—Major Andrew Billings," by J. Wilson Poucher, published in Dutchess County Historical Society Year Book, 1940; "Andrew Billings, Silversmith of Poughkeepsie," by Millicent Stow, published in New York History, July, 1944; "Additional Notes Concerning Andrew Billings," by George B. Cutten, published in New York History, April, 1945. 29

In 1798, The Country Journal of. June 2, reported that his shop had been robbed of "about 20 watches, a Silver Teapot and Sugar Cup." Whether it was for this robbery or for a later and more serious offence that a man was hanged could not be ascertained from the incomplete files of local newspapers in Poughkeepsie. However, The _Poughkeepsie Telegraph of April 19, 1848, commenting on an execution in the village, reported: A gentleman who is one of our oldest inhabitants, informs us, that he saw in his boyhood three persons executed on the corner of Main and Market Streets, on a gallows which was erected where the pump near ; the third the northeast corner of the Court House, now stands was Francis Uss, executed for breaking into and robbing the watch and jewelry store of Major Billings, of this village. The gallows on which they were executed, stood for some years at the above place, as a terror to evil doers. A bloodier code prevailed at that day than exists now, for two of the persons were hung for burglary."

Major Billings was one of the first trustees of the village when it was incorporated in 1799 and in 1803 became president of the board. In 1802 he was appointed Coroner of the county, which office he held for several years. He is said to have made silver for George Washington, Lord Sterling (William Alexander, who was the husband of Sarah Livingston, daughter of Philip Livingston, second Lord of the Manor, and a sister of Philip, the "Signer"), and other famous men. Recently some examples of his work, cuff links and canes that belonged to Governor George Clinton and Governor DeWitt Cinton, were purchased by the Albany Institute of History and Art. In addition to other engraving, he engraved the seals for the City of New York in 1784. On September 17, 1805, he sold his business to Sadd & Morgan and retired. He died April 28, 1808, and his widow died November 18, 1820, aged 68 years. DANIEL BOYTER. He was a watchmaker in Poughkeepsie in 1803, claiming to be from New York. His advertisement ran in the newspaper from August 23 through October 4, of that year. BROWN & FIELD. Brown and John Field. The firm advertised in the newspaper from September 27, 1796, through January 11, 1797. WALTER D. CABLE. He was listed as a silversmith in the village directory of '1847 at the same address as Charles Ball. HARRY COOK. He was a member of the firms of Morgan & Cook and Adriance & Cook and was working independently in Pough30

keepsie in 1817. He may have been the Major Harry Cook wha died in 1830 and of whom The Dutchess Intelligencer of Wednesday, April 14, 1830, says: "In this village yesterday morning, Major Harry Cook, aged about 40 years." The Poughkeepsie Journal of the same date, says: "In this village, on the 13th inst., Mr. Harry Cook, formerly of Hartford, Connecticut, but for the last twenty years a. resident of this village." GEORGE CREAMER. ( 4869). He was a jeweler in Poughkeepsie from 1843 until after 1850. He married September 12, 1853, Cordelia Jones of this city and lived on the corner of Catharine and Mansion Streets and died there in 1869_ JOHN FIELD ( -1821). He was in business in Poughkeepsie as a member of the firm of Brown & Field in. September 1796. In his advertisement of June 6, 1798, he "commenced business by himself" as a watchmaker, silversmith and brass founder. In August 1803, a William Smith "was detected in stealing three watches in the shop of Mr. John Fields, of this Village." He was later a member of the firms of Field & Monger and Field & HalliwelI. He died at Poughkeepsie December 21, 1821. FIELD & MONGER (1805-1806). John Field and Benjamin Monger. The partnership was announced June 25, 1805, and dissolved March 18, 1806. Monger was a mercfmnt. FIELD & HALLIWELL (1806-1813). John Field and George Halliwell. The partnership was announced May 20, 1806, and dissolved May 11, 1813, at which time it was stated that the business would be carried on by John B. Frear and George Halliwell. JOHN B. FREAR (1787-1821). He was born at Poughkeepsie October 18, 1787, the son of Baltus Frear and Jacoba Van Klc:-.c1:. fle; married December 15, 1812, Elizabeth, the daughter of Henry Hageman and Catharine Griffin, and in 1813 became a member of the firm of Frear & Halliwell. He probably worked independently after the dissolution of this partnership, June 4, 1816. His wife died August 10, 1816, aged 26, and he died December 14, 1821. FREAR & HALLIWELL (1813-1816). John B.. Frear and George Halliwell. The partnership was announced May 11, 1813, and dissolved June 4, 1816. SCHENCK GLASS. The 1847 directory lists him as a silversmith. He evidently worked for Charles_ Ball_ 31

GEORGE HALLIWELL ( -1816). He was born in the vicinity of Manchester, England, where he learned his trade. In 1801 he came to America and, in 1805, settled in Poughkeepsie. He began work as a member of the firm of Field & Halliwell and this business which started May 10, 1806, was finally closed out following the death of his great-grandson, December 22, 1938. Four successive George Halliwells conducted the business. It was continued over one hundred years in the same building, said to be the first building to have had plate glass windows in the city. He was a member and officer of Solomon's Lodge and a member and pewholder at Christ Church. The firm of Frear & Halliwell, formed in 1813, was dissolved in 1816. In December of that year he went to New York on a business trip and disappeared. His body was subsequently found in the East River and, according to family tradition, years later a hotel keeper confessed to his murder. The date of his death is supposed to have been December 19, 1816. Following his disappearance the business was carried on by Adam Henderson who taught his trade to the son, George William, and later married, first, the oldest daughter and, following her death, another daughter. GEORGE WILLIAM HALLIWELL (1811-1875). He was born in Poughkeepsie, the son of George and Phebe Halliwell. He learned his trade with his brother-in-law, Adam Henderson, and worked with him for some years. The last twenty years of his life he was in business for himself. On December 4, 1830, he married Julia Simmons of Poughkeepsie. He was a member of the Poughkeepsie fire department for some years. He died at Poughkeepsie on May 9, 1875, and was succeeded in businecc by his son, who in turn was succeeded by his son, all of whom had the same name, George William Halliwell. He was survived by a wife and five grown children. CHARLES B. HAYES. He was a son of Peter P. Hayes and, in 1844, took over the business of his brother Edmund M. Hayes, under the firm name of C. B. Hayes & Co. On 1VIay 14, of that year, he married Susan Hurd of Poughkeepsie. The firm continued in business tor only a year or two. EDMUND M. HAYES ( -1857). He was a son of Peter P. Hayes and a member of the firm of P. P. Hayes & Son. On June 10, 1841, he married Jane B. Fowler of Pleasant Valley. After the death 32

of his father in 1842 he continued the, business for a short time and thew sold out and went West. On May 9, 1857, he died at San Francisco. He was a member of the Masonic order and was "one of the pioneers of California, settling in San Francisco, and experiencing in a great degree her prosperity and adversity." PETER P. HAYES (1788-1842). He was a member of the firm. of Hayes & Adriance and of P. P. Hayes & Son, and he worked independently. He was interested in many business and civic ventures. In 1822 he was secretary of the Lancaster School, and in 1835 was one of the incorporators of the Poughkeepsie Collegiate School, and of the Poughkeepsie Female Seminary. In 1833, when the Poughkeepsie Savings Bank was opened, he was vice-president and a member of the board of trustees from then until his death. In 1833 his home had a frontage of 173 feet in Garden Street, he was a trustee of the village; was one of the incorporators of the Dutchess Whaling Company and was interested in a canal project. At one time he was chief engineer of the village fire department, in 1818 a fire warden and a street commissioner and, in .183g, one of the central committee of the Conservative Party. He was member of the Universalist Church which held its services at the Court House. He died in Poughkeepsie March 11, 1842, and was survived by his widow, Betsey, who died in New York June 23, 1851. Enoch Pardee and Benjamin C. Van Vliet were two of the administrators of his estate. HAYES & ADRIANCE (1816-1826). Peter P. Hayes and John. Adriance. The partnership was announced May 23, 1816, and dissolved February 28, 1826. Mr. Hayes carried on the business. P. P. HAYES & SON (1841-1842). Peter P. Hayes and E Nrmond M. Hayes. The partnership was announced June 1, 1841, ami dissolved by the death of Peter P. Hayes, March 11, 1842. Edmund M. Hayes continued the business for a short time, when it was taken over by Charles B. Hayes who continued it for a brief period. JOHN J. HEBARD. He advertised as a silversmith in 1831 and 1832. In 1833 William Hayman advertised as a "Silver and Brass Plater. . . . at the shop of J. J. Hebard." Hebard was later engaged in the grocery business. ADAM HENDERSON (1794-1859). He was born at Fishkill, N.. Y., April 14, 1794, the son of John Henderson who died at FishkilI, 33

January 15, 1812, at the age of 102 years, and who had been "a soldier at the battle of Culloden in Scotland, fought April 17th, 1746; at Minden in Germany, fought August 14th, 1759; and at the taking of Quebec under General Wolf, April 28th, 1760;" and at the conclusion of the war had left the British army and settled in this part of the country. Adam Henderson came to Poughkeepsie as an apprentice to George Halliwell and, after the death of Mr. Halliwell, he took over the business in 1817 and continued it for some years. He taught his trade to George William Halliwell and they were, later, partners over a period of years. On ]\/lay 1, 1819, he married the oldest daughter of his former employer, Maria Halliwell, who died October 28, 1834, and on September 15, 1835, he married her sister, Martha, who died October 28, 1858. In 1833 his apprentice, Benson J. Lossing, became his partner under the firm name of Henderson & Lossing. After the dissolution of this firm he worked independently. He was a trustee of the Poughkeepsie Savings Bank from 1842 until the time of his death, a trustee of the village in 1847, president of the village in 1848 and town clerk in 1849 and 1850. In his obituary he was said to have "held various social and political positions of confidence and respectability." He was a pewholder at Christ Church and died in Poughkeepsie on May 24, 1859. The Poughkeepsie Telegraph of May 31, 1859, in a short obituary, reports that "some eight or ten months,since a virulent form of fever attacked one of the members of his family and five have died as a result,—Mr. and Mrs. Henderson, a daughter, Mrs. Jones, and two sons." The business was continued by his sons, John W. and Oliver S. Henderson, until the death of John in 1871, when it was sold out to Myers & Ainly. HENDERSON & LOSSING (1833-1835). Adam Henderson and Benson J. Lossing. The partnership, announced April 1, 1833, lasted about two years. JOHN KEARSING. He was listed in the village directory of 1843 as a "gold beater." He may have worked with silver. KENNEDY. He formed a partnership with Elijah Morgan, Jr., on July 29, 1807, which lasted only a few weeks. It was dissolved August 22, of the same year. JONATHAN LEWIS. In The Poughkeepsie Journal of May 2, 1797, he informed the public that he had "commenced business 34

in the shop lately occupied by Brown & Field," as a silversmith and brass founder. He was a pewholder and contributor at Christ Church and parish clerk there, 1797-1801. BENSON JOHN LOSSING (1813-1891). He was born February 12, 1813, in the town of Beekman, Dutchess County, N. Y., the son of John Lossing and Miriam Dorland. Left an orphan by the death of his father when he was an infant and that of his mother when he was thirteen years of age, he came to Poughkeepsie where he was apprenticed to Adam Henderson, watchmaker and silversmith. His only schooling he is said to have received in three years at the district school. He is better known as an historian and writer and an engraver on wood than as a silversmith. Having served his apprenticeship with Henderson the two formed a partnership as Henderson & Lossing on April 3, 1833. This partnership lasted only two years when Lossing purchased the interest of Aaron Low in the Poughkeepsie Telegraph and launched upon a career of journalism which was to continue for the rest of his life. His training as an engraver and silversmith probably led to his interest in wood engraving for he became an expert in this art and his many publications of biography and history were profusely illustrated with engravings which he made from his own sketches. He married twice. His first wife was Alice, the daughter of Thomas Barritt and Maria Henderson, and the niece of Adam Henderson. They were married June 26, 1833 and she died April 18, 1855. On November 18, 1856, he married Helen, the daughter of Nehemiah Sweet and she, with two sons and two daughters, survived him. The family were members of Christ Church, Poughkeepsie, and he was at one time a member of the vestry. His funeral was held at that church, following his death at his home in the county, June 3, 1891. ELI JAH MORGAN, Jr. (1783-1857). He was born in Westchester County, N. Y., the son of Elijah and Lavina Morgan. His father moved to East Fishkill after the end of the Revolutionary War. In 1797 the son came to Poughkeepsie as an apprentice to Andrew Billings and, on November 2, 1806, he married Nancy, the daughter of William Smith. He started business in 1805 as a member of the firm of Sadd & Morgan, having purchased the business of Andrew Billings. He was later a member of the firms of Morgan & Cook and Morgan & Kennedy. In 1807 he was appointed a fireman in the village. In 1824 35

lielvas a-trustee-of the. Lancaster School. In 1832 he and his son, Wilham, formed the firm of E. Morgan & Son. He was a prominent memher of the Methodist Church. He retired from business in 1855 and died at Poughkeepsie April 26, 1857. MORGAN & COOK (1806-1807). Elijah Morgan, Jr., and Harry Cook. The partnership was announced April 1, 1806, and the dissolution March 1, 1807. Morgan continued the business. MORGAN & KENNEDY (1807). Elijah Morgan, Jr., and Kennedy. On February 12, 1807, 1VIorgan & Cook announced the dissolution of their partnership to take effect 1VIarch 1, and that the business would be continued by Elijah Morgan, Jr. The firm of Morgan & Kennedy was formed July 29 and dissolved August 22, 1807. E. MORGAN & SON (1832-1836). Elijah Morgan, Jr., and William S. Morgan. The partnership was announced April 2, 1832, And was dissolved May 12, 1836. WILLIAM S. MORGAN (1807-1886). He was born at Poughleepsie, the son of Elijah Morgan, Jr., and Nancy Smith. He learned the silversmith craft from his father and was a member of the firm of E Morgan & Son. On September 9, 1833, he married Hannah, daughter of James Reynolds of Poughkeepsie. A disastrous fire swept over the Business district of the village on 1VIay 12, 1836, after which he built a new store and began business independently in April 1837, occupying this store until he retired in 1881. He was a trustee of the Poughkeepsie savings Bank from 1850 until 1886 and was vice-president at the time rif his death. In 1849 he was one of the original trustees of the Poughkeepsie Female Collegiate Institute and in 1855 was one of thirty-seven persons wh& signed a call for the organization of the Republican party. He was a- prominent member of the Methodist Church and for twentyEye years the superintendent of the Sunday School. In 1847 he was a subscriber to the stock of the Hudson River Railroad. He died in Poughkeepsie September 17, 1886. ' JAMES PHILIP. His name was listed as a silversmith in the village directory of 1850 and his business address the same as that of Henry Power & Son. HENRY POWER (1797-1867). Henry Power was born at Poughkeepsie, the son of Nicholas and Mary Power. His father established the first Poughkeepsie newspaper in 1785. In 1822, Henry 36

Power advertised as a silversmith "continuing business at the old stand." In 1830 he was County Sealer of Weights and Measures. In 1843 he added umbrella manufacturing to his business and later became a member of the firm of Henry Power & Son. In 1846 he was manufacturing silver spoons and had received a diploma at the recent Dutchess County Fair. He married, September 29, 1819, Eliza Carman, who died March 23, 1831, aged 33 years. He married August 12, 1843, Mrs. Catharine Storm. He died January 30, 1867, aged 70 years, and was survived by his widow, Catharine Power. In the obituary, printed in the Poughkeepsie Daily Eagle of February 2, 1867, he was referred to as Capt. Henry Power who had been "one of our most active business men." HENRY POWER & SON. Henry Power and Henry R. Power. The firm advertised in 1849 and 1850 as umbrella manufacturers and silversmiths. HENRY R. POWER (1827-1857). He was the son of Henry Power and Eliza Carman and was born at Poughkeepsie July 22, 1827. . He was a member of the firm of Henry Power & Son for some years. In 1852 and after, he was in business for himself. He was a member of the Universalist Church and of the Poughkeepsie Lyceum of Literature, Science and Mechanic Arts, an educational society formed in 1838 by the amalgamation of two similar organizations, the old Mechanics' Literary and Benevolent Association and the Lyceum of Natural Science. He married, January 2, 1856, Jane A. Worthy of Poughkeepsie. He died January 7, 1857, "aged about 30 years," and was buried at Poughkeep• sie. He was survived by his widow, Jane Amelia Power, and his father. JAMES PRITCHARD (1748-1813). James Pritchard's name appeared as a silversmith on the assessment list in Poughkeepsie Precinct in 1778. He was a patriot and was one of the group of men, together with Andrew Billings, who signed a protest sent to Governor Clinton requesting him to withdraw a pass issued to James Emott to visit relatives in New York, denouncing Emott as a "Sly, Crafty, Designing Tory." He married Cornelia Mott on January 5, 1783. They were prominent members of Christ Church. He was a pewholder, a vestryman 1784-1789, and clerk of the vestry in 1789. In 1787 he advertised as a "Gold and Silver Smith near the Court House." He had at least thirteen children and was survived by his widow, five sons and three daughters. In 37

1800 he was living in what is now the Town of Hyde Park and was an overseer of highways in his district. His property was in Water Lot No. 2 of the Great Nine Partners Patent and he died there May 25, 1813. His wife died January 26, 1826, in her sixty-third year. He left a considerable estate. ELI REED. The assessment list of Poughkeepsie Precinct in 1773 carried the name "Reed, the Silver Smith." Subsequently the name appeared as Eli Reed in 1774, 1775 and 1777, but was not included in the list for 1778 and the assessment rolls for the years following are missing. The register of the Reformed Dutch Church in Poughkeepsie shows the baptism on May 26, 1774, of Eli, son of Eli Reed and Abigail Wood. His name did not appear in the 1790 census of New York State. MR. ROCKWELL. The assessment list for Poughkeepsie Precinct in 1765 contained the entry, "Mr. Rockwell, silversmith," but it did not appear subsequently. SADD & MORGAN (1805-1806). Henry Sadd and Elijah Morgan, Jr. On September 17, 1805, this firm took over the shop and business of Andrew Billings. The partnership was dissolved March 10, 1806, and the business was continued by Morgan & Cook "at their shop, Sign of the Watch in Main-street." RICHARD M. STAINER. The village directory of 1843 contained his name, listed as a silversmith. ABRAHAM G. STORM (1779-1863). Be was born at Hopewell, N. Y., on March 28, 1779, the son of Goris Storm and Maria Concklin. His baptismal record shows that he was named Abraham, and the initial "G" is probably for Goris, his father's name, and used to distinguish this Abraham from several others of the same name. He married Mary Adriance in February 1800 and the same year came to Poughkeepsie where he shortly aftei wards became a member of the firm of Storm & Wilson and, later, of A. G. Storm & Son. After the dissolution of the latter firm he continued business independently and added hardware to his stock. In 1836 he formed a partnership with Stephen Uhl, as Storm & Uhl, dealing in hardware. He was prominent in many business and civic affairs. In 1808 he served as secretary of the Mechanics Literary and Benevolent Association and in 1811 was a trustee of the village. In 1817 he was president of the Middle District Bank, in 1836 a director of the Dutchess 38

County Bank, and in 1845 a director of the Merchants Bank. In 1832 he was treasurer of the Lancaster School and the same year called for proposals for the construction of a new church. In 1824 he was one of a committee which established the newspaper, the Republican Telegraph; in 1825 he was treasurer of Dutchess County; in 1833 he was one of the incorporators of the Dutchess Whaling Company and one of those who petitioned for the construction of a canal. His first wife died December 17, 1816, and on October 15, of the following year, he married, in Fishkill, Miss Susan Van Wyck. He died at Poughkeepsie December 22, 1863, having been a member of the Dutch Reformed Church for fifty years. STORM & WILSON (1802-1818). Abraham G. Storm and James Wilson. The partnership was dissolved April 1, 1818. A. G. STORM & SON (1823-1828). Abraham, G. Storm and John Adriance Storm. In 1824 they also advertised as Poughkeepsie agents for a New York lottery firm. ). He was born in JOHN ADRIANCE STORM (1801Poughkeepsie, March 2, 1801, the son of Abraham G. Storm and Mary Adriance. On February 11, 1824, he married, at Hopewell, Catharine Adriance. He was a member of the firm of A. G. Storm & Son and later, probably of Fellows & Storm of New York. In the Poughkeepsie directories from 1847 to 1856 his name appeared without any occupational designation. In 1859 and 1860 he is listed as "grocer, N. Y." In 3864 he is listed as "Superintendent of the Poor and Asst. Assessor, CityII all." He was not listed in 1866 but in the directory for 1868 the name of Mrs. John A. Storm is included. He was one of the appraisers of the estate of Benjamin C. Van Vliet in 1859. PETER VAN BOA/TELL (1771-1848). He was born October 9, 1771, and on July 27, 1794, married Elizabeth Marshall, born May 9, 1774. He announced the opening of his business as a silversmith August 1, 1792. In 1795 he added groceries to his stock and in 1796 was located "at the sign of the Gold Watch." In 1797, he advertised for the return of a black indentured female servant. In his advertisements of J 800 he offered a long list of articles and in 1802 he included millinery. In 1803, by act of the legislature, his name was changed to Peter Robert Maison and the surname of his wife, Elizabeth, and children, Leonard, Jane Ann, Elizabeth and Charles, was changed to Maison. After 1803, 39

while he never deserted the silver business entirely, he advertised mostly dry goods and his advertisements were longer and more detailed than most of the storekeepers of his time. In the 1820's he offered a wide variety of patent medicines. He was a justice of the peace in 1802 and 1803; a trustee of the village in 1804 and again in 1816. In 1804 he was the librarian of a subscription library. His family was long prominent in the village and his son, Leonard, an able lawyer and politician, was state senator in 1837. The family was also, for many years, identified with Christ Church where he was a pewholder and contributor, and a grandson, the Rev. Dr. Charles A. Maison, son of General Leonard Maison, was ordained a clergyman of that denomination. Peter Robert Maison died August 3, 1848, in the village of Sing Sing, N.Y. (now called Ossining), and his wife died there a few months later, November 21, 1848. They are buried at Tarrytown. BENJAMIN CROMWELL VAN VLIET (1805-1851). He was born in Poughkeepsie on August 14, 1805, the son of John Van Vliet and Elizabeth Cromwell. On December 7, 1830, he married Sarah Ann Dakin, (daughter of E. K. Dakin), who died January 19, 1836. On December 13, of the same year, he married Persis Balding, daughter of Isaac I. Balding, a trustee of the village. There were three children by the first marriage and eight by the second. Benjamin Van Vliet was a trustee of the village in 1847 and 1848. He was town clerk in 1848. He held office as coroner of Dutchess County and as treasurer of the village and, at the time of his death, was one of the Overseers of the Poor. For many years he was a member of Christ Episcopal Church, in 1829 was superintendent of the Sunday School and from 1842 to 1847 was director of the choir. He was a director of the Poughkeepsie Lyceum 1839-1841. In 1847 he was one of the subscribers to the stock of the Hudson River Railroad. He was treasurer of the Poughkeepsie Lyceum 1839-1841. He died in Poughkeepsie February 25, 1851, and was survived by his widow and seven children. His widow died March 22, 1870. In the Poughkeepsie directories in the 1870's, his son, Hilan R. Van Vliet, was listed as a "manufacturing jeweler," and The Poughkeepsie Daily Eagle of May 1, 1873, says: Van Vliet, the jeweler, is constructing a miniature trotting wagon out of solid silver. It will be a fi rst class wagon in every detail, with springs, run40

ning gear, top that will raise and lower, &c, &c. silver and gold no one else need try to make.

What he can't make out of

VAN VLIET & CROIVIWELL (1844). Benjamin Cromwell Van Vliet and Cromwell. JAMES WILSON. He worked with Abraham G. Storm under the firm name of Storm & Wilson from 1802 until 1818. In 1809 he was a trustee of the village and in 1814 he was one of the trustees of the Lancaster School Society. PHINEAS WING. He was listed as a silversmith in the directory of 1850, with the same business address as Samuel G. Bailey. He was possibly the Phineas R. Wing, son of Hiram Wing and Catharine Lyon of Stanford, Dutchess County, N. Y., who married, November 16, 1858, Mary, daughter of Thomas and Anna Sands of Stanford. GEORGE BARTON CUTTEN, and AMY PEARCE VER NOOY.

REFERENCES Barck, Dorothy C., ed. Minutes of the Committee and of the First Commission for Detecting and Defeating Conspiracies in the State of New York, 1276- 1778. (Collections of the New-York Historical Society for the years 1924, 1925.) Gottesman, Mrs. Rita Susswein, comp. The Arts and Crafts of New York, 1726-1776; Advertisements and News Items from New York City Newspapers. (Collections of the New-York Historical Society, 1936). Reynolds, Helen Wilkinson, ed. The Records of Christ Church, Poughkeepsie, New York. Poughkeepsie, 1911 and 1920. Smith, Philip H. General History of Duchess County from 1609 to 1876, inclusive. Pawling, N. Y., 1877. Public Papers of George Clinton, First Governor of New York, 1777 1795, 1801-1804. Published by the State of New York. New York and Albany, 1900. Register of the Reformed Dutch Church, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. (unpublished). Register of the Reformed Dutch Church, Hopewell, Dutchess County, N. Y. (unpublished). Records in the office of the County Clerk, Dutchess County, County Court. House, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Records in the office of the Surrogate of Dutchess County, County Court House, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. A file of local newspapers at the Adriance'Memorial Library, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. A file of village and city directories at the Adriance Memorial Library, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 41

SOME HISTORY AND SOME TRADITIONS OF PAWLING, NEW YORK PART II Among the confiscated properties at Pawling following the Revolutionary War, were the holdings of John Kane and Archibald Campbell. John Kane must have owned more than one thousand acres for we have in Vol. 44, Folio 32, County Clerk's office, a report from the committee on forfeiture of the sale in various parcels to the amount of two thousand five hundred and seventeen pounds, six shillings and eight pence. This land was located mostly in the vicinity of where the Quaker Hill road branches from Route 22 and the Kane residence was what is now the Roberts dwelling opposite the golf links. Tradition tells us, John Kane, with his family were ordered out of town at dead of night, and he demurred, giving as his excuse a very sick child. This was not believed at the time but events afterward proved it to be true and the young child died as the result of exposure incident to the long cold ride before reaching a place of comparative safety. John Kane had been well thought of during the Colonial period for we find in the years 1771 through 1773 he had been the elected supervisor of the town. Other early supervisors were 1770—Nathan Pearce; 1771-1773 John Kane; 1774-1775 Andrew Morehouse; 1776-1780 Jeremiah French; 1781-1782 Isaac Tallman; 17831786 William Pearce. Prior to the Revolution a number of English officers retired on half pay, had located and bought homes on what is now Route 22. Much -visiting and stately entertaining went on in their comfortable homes and they had become fond of the new country. They had no idea ,of leaving it and from their point of view, the breaking of ties that -bound them to the mother country was not only ridiculous but absurd. When orders came to call these men together and report to the English Commander Howe in the vicinity of New York City, they seem to have been quite unprepared. Homes were left with the thought that the uprising would soon be stopped and they would return in a few weeks. An interesting account of these families is given in Pelletreau's History of _Putnam Eatinty, New York. 42

In what is now the town of Pawling, Captain Grant and Captain Archibald Campbell and his brother Duncan Campbell had bought land, kept slaves and lived as retired English officers, subject to call. Captain Campbell lived with two sons Archibald, Jr., and Duncan and their mother (who was a daughter of Moses Bowdyi, one of the first settlers) on the location of what was recently known as the Starlight Theatre. He was said to have been a fine looking man, well liked by all who knew him, and, had been one of the three men who had organized the Episcopal mission at Fredericksburg, now the Episcopal Church of Pawling. When the war really broke, he was ordered to White Plains, and recently discovered documents prove his headquarters was in the White House on Guard Hill owned by Augustus Van Cortlandt. While on his way to join the English at White Plains, he was severely wounded (some say by his brother-in-law who had married another daughter of Moses Bowdy) and knowing himself about to die, wrote his will in his own blood, giving the care of his beloved children to his brother in London. He also directed that the property belonging to him in England be used for their support. In the meantime his property in Pawling had been confiscated and a beautiful black colt given to Archibald, Jr., by his father had been taken by General Washington's soldiers. The boy himself had been taken along to wait on the soldiers, to carry water, etc. General Washington took notice of the boy, was sorry for him and ordered that he should sleep on the trundle-bed in his own room, which he did. Later he was sent to London to the uncle whom his father had chosen to care for him. Tradition tells us that this uncle and his family tried hard to make an English gentleman of him, his heart and all his interests were in the new country where his mother and little sister Mary, born after the death of the father, still lived. He became a successful merchant and farmer. For many years he was one of the most prominent men in the town and the Methodist Church was established through his leadership. The brother, Duncan, became a surgeon and died while on a trip to the West Indies. Little Mary never married but always made her home with her brother. Archibald, his wife Elizabeth Mitchell, and sister Mary sleep side by side in the old Campbell burying ground at Hurd's Corners. Among their decendants have been bishops, bank presidents and dozens of successful men and women. 43

Many of those who at first were not interested in the Revolution later changed their minds, thus Johnathan Akin, a member of the 1788 Convention voted against ratification but later voted in favor of the new movement. A few quietly sold out and went to Canada where they remained. Most of the Quakers who refused to take up on either side at first, came later to believe in the cause. Uncle Timothy Akin positively refused to side with either party and he was confined in the Poughkeepsie jail. Apparently this did not harm him, for he lived to be 96 years old. He never married. The years following the close of the war were not marked with any great excitement in the town. The people were .too busily engaged with their own pursuits to take much interest in outside matters. Each farm was mostly self supporting and in the event of extra doings all the neighbors turned in to help. New homes were built from timber obtained from their own wood lots, and the women and girls worked from early morning until late at night spinning and weaving, as well as cooking and caring for the very large families it was then the fashion for every farmer to raise. Geese were kept on the farms and once in six weeks the down and soft feathers were picked from their breasts, then washed and spread in the attic to dry. After that they were whipped every day in order to become fluffy. These were used to make the required number of feather beds and pillows for the girls when they should be ready to marry and set up housekeeping. Friends' meetings were held every first day and fourth day in the old Quaker Meeting House. Every one dresseS up in their first day clothes on first day, but on fourth day, they put on their clean working clothes for meeting. On Wednesday, or fourth day, they stayed and talked over the affairs of the town, then went home to dinner and afterwards to work the long afternoon through. In many homes where there was no room to spare for a school room, a lean-to was built and some older daughter who was not particularly good at spinning and weaving was considered well equipped to teach the rudiments of reading and writing to the younger children of the family and the children of a neighbor. I mentioned, I think, in an earlier paper that the farms in the eastern part of the town, called the "Oblong," were bought and settled by the Quakers. Many of the farms in the central part were first rented from 44

the widow Pawling (77e Beekman) and later bought by these same renters. Some of these had come to this vicinity through relationship with the Quakers, or had some member in their family who was a Friend. The Quakers gave to their women, from the earliest times more freedom and more of what was later called "Woman's Rights" than any other denomination. They also believed the daughters should have as good an education as the sons, or at least they should have the best it was possible to give them. Down on "The Patent" as the valley was called, there were "prinktums, and quiltings and apple parings" also young men with fine horses. The pretty Quakeresses secretly felt they must have at least one admirer from the Patent, and as Miss Reynolds' work on early marriages can testify, many a Quaker maid rode away behind her lover to the house of David Hurd or some other Justice of the Peace. These girls were believed to be a little better educated and a bit better trained as house-keepers. Many of the new homes down in the valley were soon presided over by these same Quaker maidens. As they had been married out of Meeting, the marriages were not welcomed by the strict Quakers and the girls were read out of Meeting. But as one of them said, "We didn't much care." Brought up as they had been, they felt the need of religious training for their children, and into the community came the circuit riders of the Methodist Church. They were met with a hearty response. In the western part of the town the Rev. Henry Cary had held meetings in his home on the mountain, now an overgrown woodlot owned by the writer, and in other homes throughout that section. Henry Cary was an Englishman, a graduate of an English college who had come to this country before the Revolution as a missionary. He was a non-conformist and was on the "Committee of Safety" during the war. He was an influential man, much respected and believed to have been a member of the Masonic Lodge. From these meetings grew the two Baptist Churches of Pawling. Elder John Lawrence, a pioneer Baptist, preached in 1770, probably in what we know as the Johnson meeting house, a plain edifice built of wood and never painted, on the top of the mountain near the "Dugway road." In 1775 a few members organized into a church which flourished under his care for about ten years. After a time without a pastor, Elder Phineas Clark came and remained three years. He was 45

followed by Elder Nehemiah Johnson who served for thirty years and the church prospered and increased to ninety members. In favorable weather it was not unusual to see two hundred persons present, coming from Beekman, Dover and Patterson. Part way down the mountain, on the west side was a path which branched off north from the Johnson Meeting House and was known as the "Christians' -Walk." This was the path taken by those early worshipers from the southwest part of the town. The story is told how in the early days shoes were highly prized and very hard to obtain. Many of the church goers are said to have carried their Sunday shoes in their hands, changing them near a small brook which flowed down the mountain side. This church and society are now known as the First Baptist Church of Pawling and Whaley Lake. Some time in the early 'forties a union meeting house was built on the corner where the Dodge road intersects the West Dover road. Here 'the Baptists held meetings as did the Second Adventists. The latter, for a time held forth in a spectacular manner and gained many converts. This went on until a certain June day which they had specified to be the "Last Day" when all gathered on the west shore of Green Mountain Lake for the "Second Coming." Here they sang and prayed until the end of the day, finally going home sadder and wiser. As they had planted no crops or gardens, the neighbors turned in and helped with the planting. This did not change their belief particularly, as they still believed it was their own mistake which had been made in reckoning. The Central Baptist Church of Pawling was organized in 1852 with seventeen members, ten of whom were members of the First Baptist. In the fall of 1853, the new meeting house, situated on the site of the present home of Miss Helen Wanzer was dedicated by the Rev. Thomas Armitage of New York City. The building was moved to its present location in 1876. Fire destroyed it in the spring of 1879. However, a new church was dedicated by the Rev. Dr. Armitage. He had preached the sermon at the first dedication twenty-eight years before. The Rev. Earl D. Clark is the pastor at the present time, August 1945. The history of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Pawling has been carefully written by the, Rev. M. S. Pressey, now an honored chaplain in World War II. Following are a few facts taken from his work. He gives much credit to the early circuit riders who came to the Harlem 46

Valley. James E. Smith's history gives the names of seven men as being the first to bring Methodist preaching. Of these names four can be discarded and of the three remaining, there is certain proof as well as tradition of their work here,—Peter Moriarity, Billy Hibbard and William Thatcher. The first was an Irishman born of Roman Catholic parents, who has been described as a plain and pious man with a considerable amount of Irish wit, who labored diligently and is buried at Hillsdale, New York. Hibbard was somewhat eccentric but no less earnest. He died after many years in the ministry and is buried at Canaan. William Thatcher was a profound scholar. He is said to have read the Bible through in Greek and Hebrew, also in Chaldaic. A man of unusual strength and endurance, died aged eighty-seven and is buried in Poughkeepsie. William Pearce, who has been spoken of before as serving in the Revolutionary War was an influential man after the war. He was justice of the peace, supervisor, and served two terms in the Assembly, 1796-1797, and 1798-1799. He was also Lieutenant Colonel of the New York State Militia, 1786 to 1793. It was at a meeting held at his home ,on the 28th of January 1809 that trustees were appointed to build a new meeting house. A plot, 60 ft. x 100 ft., was bought from Job Crawford and his wife Ruth. It can now be identified only as being the south east corner of the golf course. Mention should also be made of the camp meeting grounds on land owned at that time by Mr. George Sherman. This grove in which the meetings were held was on the corner of the east side of Route 22, on the north side of the road leading to the present residence of Governor Thomas E. Dewey. The earliest date was 1810 and the last date 1862. These annual camp nacctings were quite important events in the town. There is on file a ledger containing this inscription on the fly leaf: Stuard's Book of Pawlingville Circuit purchased of P. P. Potter October 8, 1838 Price $1.25 A present from Archibald Campbell

The minutes were kept by Mr. Campbell until his death January 18, 1847. Afterward Cushing Green, his son-in-law, wrote them. Three grandsons, Archibald Campbell Foss, William J. Foss and Bishop Cyrus David Foss became Methodist ministers in the New York Conference. 47

A fourth grandson, Archibald Campbell, 3rd, died before obtaining full Conference membership. In March 1853 it was decided to build a new church and land was bought where the Roman Catholic Church now stands. On that committee was another son-in-law of Archibald Campbell, Benjamin Haxtun Vanderburgh, who had married his daughter Catherine, Cushing Green and Stephen Sherwood. This second church building served until 1863, when "Gerow Dodge a young man of much promise and son of Daniel Dodge, a wealthy farmer, died. He was buried from this church which proved much too small to hold the crowd of people who wished to attend the service. Afterwards Daniel Dodge was heard to remark, "I'll help build a church large enough to hold the people who want to attend funerals." He was a man of his word. Largely through his influence the present site on Dutcher Avenue was., bought from his son-in-law John B. Dutcher. The supervision of the building was taking form under the direction of Daniel Dodge when, during the middle of August, while raising the main timbers, one of them fell on Mr. Dodge with fatal results. He lived a week and passed away August 31, 1864 to the great sorrow of the entire community. The Catholic Society (St. John's Church) was organized in the late 1860's. The old Methodist Church was bought from Alexander Arnold, repaired and refurnished. In 1869 it was opened for services to the great delight of the people who before that time had worshiped in private homes. They had at last, after many sacrifices, secured for themselves and their children a house for divine worship. Three years later, in 1872, the building was destroyed by fire but, although sorely 'tried, the people went to work under the leadership of Father P. W. Tandy and erected a new and more beautiful edifice. The Methodist Episcopal Church at Holmes was organized in the early years of the nineteenth century. I have no exact dates, probably between 1820 and 1830, and the church was dedicated by the Rev. J. B. Wakely of New Jersey. The village of Holmes was formerly called ,Reynoldsville and in the early records this was known as the Reynoldsville Church. And now to go back to the years following the War for Independence and to the early settlers who were our ancestors. They had in48

herited the desire to be land owners and although they were farmers they also carried on other businesses successfully. John Toffey and Joseph Seeley were hatters as also were some of the Arnolds. Amos Osborn was a tanner and made pottery. Merrick Green was a tanner and his father-in-law, Stephen Cushing, had two mills on his farm near Hurd's Corner. David Hurd's tavern was a noted stopping place for travelers on their way to New York City. Jeptha Sabin and Josiah Hungerford were saddlers and harness makers. Daniel Merritt had a store on Quaker Hill in 1760 which descended to his sons. Daniel and John Merritt sold to Daniel Peckham and Josiah Hungerford, who in turn sold to a man named Whiteley and he sold to James Craft. This store was on the corner where the road to Sherman branches off from the Quaker Hill Road and is now the house nearest to the old Quaker Meeting House. Hiram Sherman had a wagon-maker's shop and he also made coffins. Abraham Thomas was a blacksmith and it is said he made the nails used in the construction of the old meeting house. Henry Birdsall was a butcher who kept no shop but killed once a week, put the meat in a wagon and drove until he sold it out. Albro Akin had a saw mill in the "Glen," and he and his brother Daniel Akin had stores on opposite sides of the Quaker Hill road north of the Akin Library. John Hayes was a tailor and post master. William Taber had woolen mills just below the "Hill," where they also colored and pressed the cloth. Money was very scarce and most of the trading at the stores was by barter. The town was a comfortable, selfsupporting, self-respecting community and has so remained for all these many years. There was no dairying in the early days, only a few cows were kept, just enough to supply the town with milk, butter and chem. More or less hogs were raised and when the supply exceeded the demand, they were killed and "taken to the River," either to Fishkill or Poughkeepsie. Many sheep were owned but the principal money-making project was the fattening of beef cattle. These were bought in the fall, kept until the next year and driven to the New York City market. Jonathan Akin Taber and George P. Taber raised fine wool sheep, the former had at one time eleven hundred, merino and, saxony. But, as I said, the fattening of cattle was the principal industry, and the road through the Harlem Valley was the main artery for them to reach New York. Monday was market day and _they were started so as to 49

arrive on Saturday. Those from Pawling were started on Thursday and it was said the dealers could tell what the market would be on Monday by watching the number of cattle passing through Pawling on Thursday. Hotels and taverns were located all along the line for the accomodation of herdsmen and cattle. Benjamin V. Haviland, who kept one of these taverns, had books which showed that in the year 1847, 27,784 cattle, 30,000 sheep and 700 mules were cared for. Albert J. Akin, when a young man, was considered one of the best judges of steers and generally had the finest herd of cattle. People had no confidence in banks and the money thus made was generally used for buying more land and building finer and larger homes and barns. After haying was the time for visiting and every house was prepared for the cousins who might, and did, "drop in" unexpectedly. Sometimes the farmer himself would take his best saddle horse and ride to Albany and further along the Mohawk trail, visiting relatives who had gone there as pioneers a few years before. Grants of land had been given after the Revolutionary War to the "Associators," as those who helped with "material assistance," were called. The land given one of my ancestors was located at Black River, a town where the Black River empties into the St. Lawrence River. It was quite a venture on horseback. Benjamin Akin, son of James Akin, had located near what is now Johnsonville and built a tavern on the main road which became very popular. He was, of course, very pleased to see my ancestor when he arrived from Quaker Hill. After the house was quiet and lights were out, Benjamin led him to the dark attic, remarking, "My wife Sarah makes very good-looking blankets." Then he opened a chest, removed a blanket or two and revealed the hiding place of hard money, gold and silver. Benjamin's wife died soon after and, after settling his sons and sons-in-law on good farms in central New York, he returned with his little daughter Mary and bought a small farm on north Quaker Hill. These hills meant more to him than the nine hundred and ninety-nine acres he had acquired up-state. Little Mary later became the wife of John Caldwell and the grandmother of Miss Mary Esther Ashby of Stormville, New York, who passed away a few years ago. Tradition tells us Benjamin's brother, Edward Akin, married the daughter of William Russell and, against the angry protests of the broth50

er and father ( James Akin), went to the Adirondacks, bought a tract of woodland and set up a factory for making barrels, etc. After he had become successful, one of the cousins stopped by to say his father had left him out of his will. To this he replied, "Go back and tell Father I am already worth more money than he has or ever will have." Shortly afterward Edward Akin bought Johnson Hall and lived there until he died in 1813. Johnson Hall is now a state museum. Ransom Halloway2 and his sister Hannah were children of William Halloway and Anne Akin, both of whom died at an early age. They were taken into the family of Akin Toffey, who had married his cousin Ann Akin, and were brought up by them. A tract of land bordering on the west side of Route 22, rightly belonging to these children, had somehow come into the possession of Archibald Campbell whose boast it was that he had never yet lost a law suit. Aaron Burr was at that time an occasional visitor in the vicinity, attracted there, it was said, by the charms of two young ladies on Quaker Hill. My grandmother, Ann Toffey, came into possession of a small leather trunk containing papers which showed the land had been illegally disposed of for seventeen barrels of cider and twenty pounds. She brought suit against Mr. Campbell in the name of the children to recover their rights. Mr. Campbell retained Aaron Burr to defend his case. The suit was held in Poughkeepsie, with a crowded court room and the little Quaker lady with her leather trunk. When she was asked by the judge if she wanted counsel, she replied, "No, Your Honor, I have the papers to prove my story is true. I will show thee." Aaron Burr tried with all his skill in cross examination to frighten her into confusion, but to all of which she gave the above answer. At *last he lost patience and exclaimed, "Madam, I must say you have enough brass in your face to make a brass kettle." Instantly came the reply, "And, Sir, I must say thee has enough brass in thy face to fill it." The court room was in a roar and the judge decided in favor of the children. Thus Aaron Burr is said to have lost his first case to a woman from Quaker Hill, who now sleeps in one of its quiet resting places. Early in the nineteenth century people became more conscious of the need for improvement in roads and means of transportation. Turnpikes were becoming a fad all over the state and the one in this town 51

was incorporated April-3, 1818. It reads that "Albro Akin, John Merritt. Gideon. Slocum, Job Crawford, Charles Hurd, William Taber, Joseph:Arnold, Egbert Carey; Gabriel L. Vanderburgh, Newell Dodge and such other persons as shall associate for the purpose of making a "This good and sufficient turnpike road in Dutchess County was called the Pawling-Beekman Turnpike and was to pass over Pawling mountain. For some reason this seems not to have been carried out, but the idea was- revived in 1824 with Joseph Seeley, Benoni Pearce and George W. Slocum associated with them. This time it was carried through and a good road was built with the toll gate situated on the west side, near the Pawling-Beekman town line. It proved a good investment for those early subscribers who bought stock. Some time later a canal was laid out from Albany to New York which followed through this town nearly the same route as was chosen for the Harlem Railroad. The idea of the canal was given up in favor of the railroad. The building of this railroad is a story in itself too long to be given here, but when finally accomplished, brought many changes to the town and its business interests. This section was opened December 31, 1849, and the first trains were run by wood burning engines. As all the substantial people of the town were at that time land owners, they had come to realize they were exhausting their farms by selling produce every year. Dairy farming promised to restore the fertility instead of depleting it and this caused most of the farmers to build barns and buy more cows. Pawling soon became one of the largest milk shipping stations in the state. The necessity for a place where the milk checks could be cashed and where a little money might be borrowed in the fall to buy more feed for cows was met by a state bank being established. This was reorganized in June 1865 as "The National Bank of Pawling", with the same officers, Albert J. Akin, president, and J. W. Bowdish, cashier. With the location of the railroad depot near the crossing of the main road from Poughkeepsie to New Milford, the village rapidly developed into the commercial center of the town and the stores at Quaker Hill, Hurd's Corners and Woodinville were dis-continued. Perhaps there have been no more distinguished descendants of the early settlers than Sir William Howland, Lieutenant Governor General 52

of the Province of Ontario, Canada, and his son William, who became a reform mayor of Toronto. They were descended from John Birdsall and Colonel William Pearce, of Revolutionary fame, who married Lydia Birdsall, daughter of John. The town has also given to the State Assembly nineteen assemblymen; one state senator, the Hon. John B. Dutcher; one member of the House of Representatives, Ransom Halloway ; and one governor of the State of New York, the Hon. Thomas E. Dewey. The following members of the State Assembly had their homes at Pawling: Benjamin Birdsall, 1782-1783; Jonathan Akin, 1788-1789, 1791-1793; William Pearce, 1796-1799; William Taber, 1800, 1804; Benjamin Akin, 1801-1802; Job Crawford, 1805; Albro Akin, 1808, 1821; Joseph Arnold, 1812-1813; Daniel D. Akin, 1826,1833; George W. Slocum, 1828; Daniel Toffey, 1839-1840; Jonathan Akin, 1841; George T. Pierce, 1846; John B. Dutcher, 1861-1862; David R. Gould, 1869; and Howard N. Allen, 1923-1944. JENNIE T. GREEN. NOTE 1. According to the assessment lists Moses Bowdy was living in Pawling Precinct as early as 1753. He is said to have come from England and settled near the "Akindale" property where he raised his family. He and his wife are buried in an old overgrown cemetery nearby. The inscriptions on the tombstones say: Moses Bowdy, died April 30, 1812; and Jane, consort of Moses Bowdy, died January 22, 1830. Two other stones are said to mark the graves of two of his daughters: Mary Leach, died February 3, 1817; and Sarah Shaw, died October 13, 1843. His daughter Jane married, first Munroe and, later, Colonel Archibald Campbell; Hannah married Seegur and lived at Patterson, N. Y. It is said that Hannah was buried in the ground near her father and mother but there is nothing now to show the location. Ann did not marry. She owned considerable land in the village of Pawling. She died August 12, 1855, aged 71 years, 9 months and 22 days, and is buried in the Campbell family ground at Hurd's Corners. There is no record of any sons although the 1790 census would indicate that he had at least two. NOTE 2. Ransom Holloway grew up in the town of Pawling. In 1849 he was elected a member of congress from this district and served until 1851. He married Rebecca, daughter of Joseph and Ann Dodge, who died August 5, 1843. He married, in 1851, a few months before his death, Eliza Genevieve Warren of Mount Pleasant, Prince George County, Maryland. Although most of his life was spent in the town of Pawling, he owned a farm at Beekmanville where he also carried on the business of hat making. He died April 6, 1851 and is buried beside his fi rst wife in the Dodge family ground on what was formerly the Dodge farm, near Pawling.

DUTCHESS COUNTY MEN OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD

JUDGE

ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, HIS SONS

AND

SONS-IN-LAW

The events that brought on the War of the Revolution did not come all at once but began many years before the American colonists took up arms to protect their rights. King George III was despotic, stubborn, stupid, thick-headed, and had no idea of human rights and only listened to those of his advisers who were narrow-minded like himself. The American colonists believed they should have the same rights as Englishmen and that their taxes should be governed by their own colonial assemblies and not by the parliament in England, in which they were not 'represented. They were not allowed to trade in any way with any country except England, were not allowed to export any of their produce to any place but England, and this must all be done in English ships manned by English crews. Then came the Stamp Act in 1765. Every note, bond, deed, mortgage, lease, license, or any legal document must be written on paper printed in England, bearing this stamp, to be legal. The people refused to use it. In New York a copy was carried through the streets bearing an inscription: "The folly of England and the ruin of America." In the Virginia House of Burgesses Patrick Henry, a young mountaineer, declared "Caesar had his Brutus, Charles the First his Cromwell and George the Third may profit by their example." "Treason, Treason 1" shouted the Loyalist members but Patrick Henry shouted back: "If this be treason make the most of it!" This was the way the Stamp Act was received everywhere. Great quantities of this stamped paper came to America but was rejected or destroyed. Business went on, but not on stamped paper. In Philadelphia, Benjamin Franklin remarked to a friend, "Now we must light the lamps of economy and industry." The reply was, "Be assured we shall light a different kind of torch !" When the Stamp Act failed the next parliament passed another act placing a tax on all glass, paper and tea which came to the colonies. In Boston, the opposition to this tax was so bitter that a regiment of soldiers was sent from England to enforce the law. And here was shed the first blood of the Revolution when a mob of citizens jeered at the soldiers, daring them to shoot. Several of them were shot. On December 16, 1773, in Boston a band 54

of fifty men, disguised as Indians, marched to the wharf where a tealaden ship was anchored and emptied 340 chests of tea into the harbor. This was the famous Boston Tea Party. In May of the following year the Massachusetts charter was annulled and the people declared rebels.

JUDGE ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON In Dutchess County probably the wealthiest and most influential family was the Livingston family of Clermont, founded by Robert, youngest son of the first Lord of Livingston Manor, who had in 1728 received the Clermont estate of 13,000 acres from his father. When the troubles between England and the American colonists began he took a decided stand with the people, as did his only son, Robert R., who was born in 1718 and from early youth took an active part in colonial affairs. He served as a colonel in the militia, served for a time as high sheriff of New York, and represented Dutchess County in the Colonial Assembly from 1757 to 1768. He was appointed Judge of the King's Bench in 1763, which was the Supreme Court of those times. Judge Livingston was one of the first to resent the methods of the king and his parliament and took a very decided stand with the colonists as did most of the Livingstons of the Manor. Philip Livingston, son of Robert, third Lord of the Manor, was a member of the Continental Congress and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Most of the aristocracy of English descent remained Loyalists, or Tories as they were called, but Judge Livingston, although one of the favored few, was in 1765 a delegate from Dutchess County to the Stamp Act Congress which sent a letter to King George protesting against the act and other exhorbitant measures. This letter, in the handwriting of Judge Livingston, though most respectful and declaring their loyalty to him as Englishmen and citizens, was received with contempt by the king and his advisers, as were other letters sent from other colonies trying their very best to settle these questions before resorting to resistance by force of arms. But all, their efforts only resulted in more taxes and arbitrary laws and the king's declaration that they would be compelled to obey his laws. In May 1775, Judge Livingston built a powder mill at Clermont and laid up a large supply of saltpetre. In a letter to his son the Chancellor, who was in Philadelphia attending the Continental Congress, he said: "Inquire whether I can have a quantity of saltpetre; I hear 55

there is a large quantity imported at Philadelphia." In another letter he said: "My powder mill will be set going next week." This powder mill furnished much of the powder so badly needed by Washington's army during the whole period of the war. The destruction of these mills was one of the main objects of the attack on Clermont by the British. The mills were burned but were soon repaired. Judge Robert R. Livingston was born in 1718 at Clermont, only child of Robert and Margaret (Hawarden) Livingston. He married, December 8, 1742, Margaret, daughter of Colonel Henry Beekman and Janet Livingston. Janet was the daughter of Robert Livingston, "the Nephew," whose wife was Margaret Schuyler. Judge Robert R. and Margaret Livingston were the parents of ten children, four sons and six daughters, who grew to maturity (one daughter died in infancy), every one of whom fills an important place in the. history of Dutchess County: (1) Janet, born 1743, married General Richard Montgomery; (2) Robert R., the Chancellor, born 1746, married Mary Stevens; (3) Margaret, born 1749, married Dr. Thomas Tillotson; (4) Henry Beekman, born 1750, married Ann Horn Shippen ; (5) Catharine, born 1752, married the Rev. Freeborn Garrettson ; (6) John R., born 1755, married Margaret Sheafe and, after her death, Eliza McEvers; (7) Gertrude, born 1757, married Morgan Lewis; (8) Joanna, born 1759, married Peter R. Livingston; (9) Alida, born 1761, married General John Armstrong; and (10) Edward, born 1764, married Mary McEvers. Judge Livingston did not live to see the result of the Revolutionary War, but died in June 1775, just at its beginning. He was 56 years of age. His daughter Janet Montgomery, in one of her letters, says: "I verily believe the very disastrous report of the battle of Bunker Hill was his death blow. He lay in bed without pain for a week before he died." It can be said of Judge Livingston that he filled as important a part in the advent stages of the American Revolution as his sons and daughters bore through the great war for freedom. It was said of him by his friend, the historian William Smith, "If I were placed on a desert island with only one book and one friend, that book should be the Bible and that friend Robert R. Livingston." 56

CHANCELLOR LIVINGSTON Robert R. Livingston was born November 27, 1746, son of Robert R. and Margaret Beekman Livingston. Graduated from King's College, now Columbia University, aged eighteen, he studied law with Governor William Livingston of New Jersey. He was admitted to the New York bar in 1773 and became a law partner of John Jay. In 1770 he married Mary, daughter of John Stevens of New Jersey. They were the parents of two daughters, Elizabeth, who married Edward P. Livingston (son of Philip), and Margaret, who married Robert L. Livingston (son of Walter). Both Jay and Livingston were active in the Sons of Liberty and at the organization and first meeting of the Provincial Congress, in 1774, he was a delegate representing Dutchess County. This convention sent as their delegates to the second Continental Congress of 1775 in Philadelphia, John Jay, John Alsop, James Duane, Philip Schuyler, George Clinton, Lewis Morris and Robert R. Livingston. In the 1776 session of the Continental Congress occurred what he always considered the highest honor ever conferred on him when the motion for a declaration of independence offered by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia was adopted and a committee appointed consisting of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Robert R. Livingston. When the Declaration of Independence in the handwriting /of Thomas Jefferson was accepted by the congress on July 1, 1776, when each member put his name on it both Robert R. Livingston and George Clinton were absent. The British army had invaded New York and Livingston was attending an important meeting of the Provincial Congress there and Clinton must be in New York as commander of the New York State Militia. Both missed being signers of the Declaration of Independence. When in 1777 Congress had asked each of the thirteen colonies to organize and form a state government Robert R. Livingston was a delegate to the convention held at Kingston in September when the State of New York was born. A state legislature was formed, George Clinton was elected Governor, John Jay, Chief Justice and Robert R. Livingston, Chancellor, which position he held for over twenty years. New York's constitution, mostly the work of John Jay and Robert R. Livingston, was adopted, when Congress had adopted a constitution 57

to unite all the states under one head and the New York Constitutional Convention was held in Poughkeepsie in June of 1788. The Chancellor was a very active member and helped win the day, which was accomplished only after a long and bitter discussion lasting more than a month. At this convention the Chancellor was a delegate from New York County. When, in April 1789, General Washington had been unanimously elected president of the United States it was Chancellor Livingston who had the honor of administering to him the inaugural oath of office in New York City, which was for the one year the first capital of the United States. In 1781 he had been appointed by the Continental Congress its first Minister of Foreign Affairs and had also served with Alexander Hamilton, in 1788, on the committee that drafted the federal constitution which united the thirteen states into the United States of America. When the new capitol at Washington was built and the legislature of New York was asked to furnish two statues to be placed there in a prominent place, statues of George Clinton and Robert R. Livingston were selected as New York's two most distinguished statesmen. In 1800 Chancellor Livingston was appointed United States Minister to France by President Thomas Jefferson. In his letter to John Adams, Jefferson shows what he thought of his appointee: "Robert R. Livingston is in every sense of the word, a wise, great and good man, one of the ablest of our American statesmen. Nothing that he writes or does seems to cost him any effort, yet there is beauty, power and practicability in all his intellectual productions. It is not a power that awes. It is gentle, unpretending but resistless." Probably the most important accomplishment during his years as Minister to France was the purchase of the Louisiana Territory which had some time before been ceded by Spain to France. It was causing much trouble at this time to the inhabitants along the Mississippi as the river was under the complete control of the French and all shipping privileges were refused to the American colonists. This matter was left to the Chancellor to settle and when he began negotiating with the French government he soon learned that as France was greatly in need of money and might be willing to sell this territory the trouble could be settled in this way. James Monroe was sent at once with full authority to act with the Minister and the Louisiana Territory was 58

purchased for $15,000,000. This included all of the vast territory west of the Mississippi to the Pacific coast. When the contract had been properly signed by the French authorities the Chancellor is said to have remarked to Mr. Monroe: "We have lived long but this is the noblest work of our whole lives." This purchase of the Louisiana Territory took place April 30, 1803, and was made from Napoleon Bonaparte who was then first Consul of France. It was while he was in France that the Chancellor met Robert Fulton and, as he had himself been for years very much interested in the study of steam navigation, these two went to work together with their plans and with the financial assistance the Chancellor could furnish it was not long after their return home that the .first steamboat, named the "Clerniont," made its first trip September 7, 1807, up the Hudson from New York to Albany. The Chancellor and Robert Fulton were both passengers on the boat. Chancellor Livingston spent the last years of his life at his country seat at Clermont, interested in agriculture and public affairs. He died there February 26, 1813, aged 66 years. COLONEL HENRY BEEKMAN LIVINGSTON Henry Beekman Livingston was born at Clermont November 9, 1750, son of Judge Robert R. and Margaret Beekman Livingston, and was a younger brother of the Chancellor. He was the most distinguished of the fourteen Livingstons who were commissioned officers in the War of the Revolution. His introduction to the army of the Revo,lution was when he was commissioned a captain in the Fourth New York Continental Regiment, June 28, 1775, and ordered to report to general Schuyler for the invasion of Canada. When this expedition had reached Ticonderoga General Schuyler was taken sick and the command from here fell into the hands of Brigadier General Richard Montgomery who was a brother-in-law to Captain Livingston. This crusade against Canada went on very successfully. They captured St. John's early in November and, on November 13, Montreal surrendered. From here General Montgomery sent Captain Livingston as a messenger to acquaint General Schuyler and General Washington how they were getting along; then on to Quebec where he took an active part in the battle in which they were defeated by a vastly superior force, and the 59

gallant General Montgomery was killed. Upon his return from Canada, Captain Livingston was appointed aide-de-camp on the staff of General Schuyler. On February 28, 1776, he was commissioned major in one of the new regiments, the Second New York Continental, and presented with a sword of honor by the Continental Congress for his gallant services in Canada. In recommending him for this promotion, General Schuyler wrote: "Out of respect for his family as well as his own merit." On March 3, 1776, he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of his regiment. He spent the summer, July to September 1776, with his regiment on Long Island in the vain attempt to prevent the capture of New York by the British army. When, in November 1776, Colonel James Clinton of the Fourth New York Regiment was made a general there were many applicants for the position left vacant, Lieutenant Colonel Livingston among them. "I have ever avoided recommending officers for preferment lest I should be taxed with partiality, but I cannot pass by the merit of Lieutenant Colonel Livingston of Colonel Clinton's regiment, he having upon every occasion exhibited proofs of his ability and zeal for the service. I wish he may not be overlooked in the preferments that must naturally take place upon the new establishment of your forces." On November 21, 1776, he was commissioned Colonel of the Fourth New York Regiment. In the early part of 1777 he was stationed at Peekskill in defense of the Hudson river and in August went north to meet the army of General Burgoyne which was marching down from Canada expecting to take possession of the Hudson Valley and entirely cut off New England from the rest of the country. Colonel Livingston with his regiment took an active part in both battles at Stillwater and at Saratoga and General Arnold said of him in his report of the battle of Stillwater: "Great part of success due to the gallant part he and his corps acted in storming the enemy's works and the alertness and ardor they observed in the pursuit." Colonel Livingston and his regiment composed part of the force that went to the relief of Fort Stanwix which was being so hardly stormed by St. Leger and his division of Burgoyne's army, but St. Leger retreated. Livingston with his regiment spent the winter of 1777-1778 at Valley Forge where he became acquainted with Steuben and Lafayette, who both became his staunch friends for life. In the spring of 1778 he was with Washington's army in the New Jersey campaign where his 60

regiment distinguished itself in the battle of Monmouth. With his regiment he took part in the expedition to Rhode Island in the summer of 1778 where he served under General Lafayette. In the autumn they returned to the Hudson Valley. And in 1779 Colonel Livingston took part in the expedition under Generals Sullivan and Clinton against the Indian tribes and the Tories through central New York, which was a great success. Colonel Livingston was praised by General Sullivan for his action at the battle of Newtown. When, in 1779, the five New York regiments were united into two regiments Colonel Livingston's regiment became a part of the Second Regiment and, having no command, he offered his resignation which was not accepted until the next year. When, in September 1780, General Arnold who had been appointed Commander at West Point turned traitor and signed an agreement by which this important post was to be turned over to the British, it was Colonel Livingston who saved West Point. In command of a few men he was at Verplanck's Point, a short distance below West Point. The British ship Vulture which had brought Major Andre was anchored opposite Verplanck's and was waiting while he and Arnold, at a house in the neighborhood, were arranging the terms of the surrender of West Point. Colonel Livingston, although he had only a small cannon, peppered the ship until she was glad to raise her anchor and go further down the river. When Major Andre did not find his ship waiting he started to go to New York by land and was arrested at Tarrytown and searched and his papers were found in his stockings. When Arnold heard what had happened he escaped in a boat to the Vulture. He had agreed to remove a link from the great chain across the Hudson River at West Point, disperse the garrison in various directions so there could ,be no effective defense when the British came to attack West Point. For this he was to receive £10,000 sterling and a commission as Brigadier General in the British army. General Washington complimented Colonel Livingston for the part he took. "It is a great source of gratification to me that the post was in the hands of an officer so devoted as yourself to the cause of your country." Shortly after this he retired to his home in Clermont but very soon became tired of an inactive life and offered his services to Governor Clinton. By the Governor he was placed in command of a body of levies and sent to northern New York where they were en61

gaged in protecting the border from the attacks of hordes of Tories and Indians led by Butler and Brant until after peace had come to the rest of the country. At the close of the Revolution Congress commissioned him a Brigadier-General. He had married Ann Horn Shippen and after the war he retired to his home in the country. They had one daughter, Margaret. When in 1824 Lafayette made his last visit to America a party of his friends in New York chartered the steamboat James Kent and took him on a trip up the Hudson to Albany, stopping at many places along the way. One of the stops was at the home of Governor Morgan Lewis at Staatsburgh. General Lewis was one of Lafayette's companions in arms during the Revolution and Mrs. Lewis was Gertrude Livingston, daughter of Judge Robert R. Livingston, and a sister to the Colonel and to the Chancellor. Colonel Livingston died November 5, 1831, at the age of 81 years.

JOHN R. LIVINGSTON John R. Livingston was the third son of Judge Livingston and was born at Clermont February 13, 1755. As a young man he spent several years in Boston where he was educated and here, in 1779, he married Margaret Sheafe who was said to have been a great beauty. She died after about four years of married life and, in 1788, he married Eliza McEvers of New York. By his second marriage he was the father of eight children: (1) Robert Montgomery, married Sarah Bache; (2) Angelica, died 1815, unmarried; (3) Edward, married Sarah Suckley; ; (5) Charles, died, unmarried; (4) John R., married (6) Serena, married Colonel George Crogan of the United States Army; (7) Eliza, married Captain Benjamin Page of the United States Navy; and (8) Margaret, married Captain Lowndes Brown of the United States Army. He is recorded a offering himself to the army of the Revolution several times but was never commissioned. He had been in charge of the powder mills built by his father in 1775, and his services there were of far greater value to the cause than they could have been in the army. He is said to have enlarged these mills and during the whole of the Revolutionary War to have provided much of the powder so sorely needed by Washington's army. After the war he spent many years as a successful business man in New York. 62

In his old age he retired to a country home at Barrytown, on the Hudson. Here he died in November 1851, at the age of ninety-six years. EDWARD LIVINGSTON Edward Livingston was the youngest child of Robert R. Livingston and was born May 28, 1764, and was just a small lad during the Revolution. When he was grown to manhood he became very prominent in the affairs of his country. He studied law and was admitted to practice in New York. In 1794 he was elected a congressman and served four years, until 1798, when he became Attorney General of the United States. In 1800, he was elected mayor of New York City. While serving in this office a serious epidemic of yellow fever broke out. Being a Livingston and the son of such a mother, he exposed himself in his efforts to relieve its victims and was himself stricken. When he recovered, after a long, severe illness, he found that the agent in charge of both his affairs and the affairs of the city had so grossly mismanaged that he was absolutely ruined and in debt to the city. In 1803, he went to New Orleans where he lived many years, recuperating his fortune and he paid his debts to New York City. He served as a congressman from Louisiana for several years and served prominently at the battle of New Orleans in 1815, where by his knowledge of the vicinity he was able to assist General Jackson in his great victory. He was from this time a close friend to Andrew Jackson and is called "Jackson's right hand man," by the biographer of Jackson. In 1828 he was elected to the United States Senate. At this time, through the death of his sister, Janet Montgomery, he received by her will her home at Barrytown known as "Montgomery Place." He brought his family here in 1831 and while here was appointed Secretary of State by his old friend, President Jackson. He served in this capacity until May 1833, when he was appointed United States Minister to France. There he ran into trouble when the French government flatly refused to pay what the United States called a "Spoilation Claim," and he demanded his passport which he received in April 1834. Edward Livingston returned to his family at "Montgomery Place" where he spent his remaining days. He had married, April 10, 1788, Mary McEvers who died March 13, 1801, leaving three children: Charles Edward, born 1790 and died 1802; Julia Eliza Montgomery, 63

born 1794 and died unmarried; and Lewis, born 1798 and died 1821.. On June 3, 1805, he married Louise Moreau de Lassy (born D'Avezac: de Castera) the young widow of a Jamaica Agent. He died May 23, 1836, in his seventy-second year, leaving the: home to his wife and their only surviving child, a daughter Coralie.. This daughter, born 1806, had married, in 1833, Thomas P. Barton who had served as Secretary of Legation while Edward Livingston was Minister to France. Mrs. Livingston, with her daughter, lived a long and happy life at "Montgomery Place." She died October 24, 1860.. The beautiful home was left to Mrs. Barton and her husband who, cared for it for many years. As they left no children the place has been owned by other relatives ever since. The present owner, General John. Ross Delafield, traces his ancestry back to Janet Montgomery and to. Gertrude Livingston, wife of Governor Morgan Lewis. It was Julia. Livingston, daughter of Maturin Livingston and his wife, Margaret Lewis, daughter of Morgan Lewis, who married Joseph Delafield on December 12, 1833. RICHARD MONTGOMERY Richard Montgomery was descended from a family which was. prominent in Scotland for many generations. His grandfather, the: Rev. Alexander Montgomery, had gone to Ireland as a clergyman of: the Church of England and here, near Dublin, Richard was born De-cember 2, 1738. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and at the age of eighteen entered the English army as an ensign and saw much active service. He took part in the French and Indian War in America. in 1759 and in the West Indies in 1762. From 1763 to 1772 he was in the army in England. Here he was closely in touch with men of liberal ideas and, disappointed in getting no further than his position of captain in a land where there was, as he said, "no chance for anyone. except peers and nabobs, I set my eyes upon America where my pride. and poverty would be more at ease." In 1772 he sold his commission as captain in the army and came to New York. In New York he purchased a farm a short distance above the city and began to prepare for a life ,as an agriculturalist. But here he remembered an acquaintance with Janet Livingston whom he had met several years before when she was in her teens and he a young captain 64

in the British army on service in America. In a few months they were married, July 24, 1773. Janet, born August 27, 1743, was the daughter of Judge Robert R. Livingston and Margaret Beekman, who in turn was the daughter of Colonel Henry Beekman. Colonel Henry Beekman's wife had also been a Janet Livingston and the young Janet was named for her grandmother. Inasmuch as Janet had five sisters and four brothers at home, she had spent much of her girlhood and young womanhood at the home of her grandmother, either on the great Beekman estate at Rhinebeck or her city home in New York. After the marriage of Richard 1VIontgomery and Janet Livingston they purchased a large tract of land in Dutchess County, between Rhinebeck and Barrytown, where they lived in a small house and began the planning of a fine new home. These were the days when the troubles between the people and the British government were growing more bitter every day. Montgomery, like the Livingstons, became an ardent believer in the cause of the people. Early in 1775 he was elected a delegate from Dutchess County to the first provincial convention of the Sons of Liberty held in New York. Being a trained and experienced soldier he was one of the first brigadier generals appointed by the Continental Congress of that year and was ordered to report to Major General Schuyler for the invasion of Canada. On his way to join Schuyler who was then at Ticonderoga, Janet went with him as far as Saratoga. There he gave her a last farewell kiss with the remark "My Janet shall never have cause to blush for her Montgomery." This remark Janet never grew tired of repeating during the years which followed. When he reached General Schuyler and his army, Montgomery found the general on a sick bed and unable to go any further with his army and from here the command of the Canadian campaign was in charge of Montgomery. This invasion of Canada went on vigorously, overcoming all opposition, capturing St. John's, Montreal, and then on to Quebec, to which they first lay siege and then decided to take by storm, although strongly fortified and defended by a much stronger army than their own. Here at the head of his men General Montgomery was killed, General Benedict Arnold, the second in command, was wounded and Colonel 'Ethan Allen, the hero of Ticonderoga, was taken prisoner and his army was defeated. This battle and the death of General Montgomery took place on December 31, 1775. General 65

Montgomery by his charming disposition had not only made himself beloved by his soldiers but he was respected and honored by his foes. He was given a military burial and his grave marked and cared for by Quebec officials. In 1818 his ashes were removed by the State of New York to a grave in New York City. A watch which he carried when he fell and which his Janet wished very much to retrieve and for which she offered to pay any price was returned to her by General Carleton, the British commander and the reward was refused. General Carleton and General Montgomery had been friends years before in the British army. Thus ended after only two and a half years the happy married life of these two. After the death of her General, Janet went on with their plans and built "Montgomery Place" where she lived the remaining fifty-three years of her life as his widow. She died November 6, 1828, and bequeathed "Montgomery Place" to her brother Edward Livingston. When the Continental Congress learned the result of the battle of Quebec and the death of the gallant Montomery it made him a Major General and ordered a monument to be erected in New York to his memory and appointed a monument committee of which Benjamin Franklin was an active member. As these were the very busy days of the war and the British army held New York City, it was not until eight years after that the monument was erected. It was made from a model which is said to have been the work of a noted French sculptor engaged by Franklin. It stands in front of St. Paul's Chapel in New York City and the inscription reads: "This monument is erected by order of Congress, January 25, 1776, to transmit to posterity a grateful remembrance of the patriotism, conduct, enterprise and perseverance of Major General Richard Montomery, who after a series of successes in the midst of the most discouraging difficulties, fell in the attack on Quebec, 31st December 1775." In July of 1818 the State of New York caused the remains of General Montgomery to be conveyed from Quebec and this inscription was added to the monument: "The State of New York caused the remains of Major General Montgomery to be conveyed from Quebec and deposited beneath this monument the 8th of July, 1818." To conduct this removal Governor DeWitt Clinton appointed Lewis Livingston, son of Edward Livingston, a brother to Janet. The 66

casket containing the General's ashes was brought down the Hudson River on the steamboat Richmond. The Governor had informed Janet Montgomery of the time when the boat would pass "Montgomery Place." When it was opposite her house it stopped, fired a salute, and its band played appropriate music. Although it had been forty-three years since the parting kiss in 1775, Janet fell to the porch floor in a swoon. DOCTOR THOMAS TILLOTSON Doctor Thomas Tillotson, born in 1751, in Maryland, married February 22, 1779, Margaret Livingston, born January 6, 1749, one of the daughters of Judge Robert R. Livingston and they went to live at Rhinebeck. He is not on record as a practicing physician and did not become a member of the Dutchess County Medical Society that was formed in 1806. In 1780 he was appointed a surgeon in the northern department of the Continental Army and as such served through the remainder of the Revolution. Soon after his return to Rhinebeck he entered into political life. In 1788 he was elected to the State Assembly, where he served two terms and, after that, was a state senator from 1791 through 1798. He was secretary of the State of New York in 1801 and again in 1807. Owing to delicate health, in 1808, he retired to his home, "Linwood," where he lived a quiet life until his death in 1832. He was an original member of the Society of the Cincinnati and at his death that organization published a minute which said: "Dr. Tillotson, an able and zealous advocate of the American Revolution," and "was gifted by nature and improved by education." His wife, Margaret, had died in 1823. We must quote a few lines for this charming woman from the words of the Rev. Mr. Blanchard: "Mrs. Tillotson has not left any record on the pages of history as have her brothers, but she has left in the hearts of people, now departed, a record passed on in repeated kindliness. It was the custom of the 'Angel of Linwood' to have her carriage brought up in the morning and with a well filled basket go out in search of the needy. None was ever known to be neglected." "Linwood," in 1835 was sold by Dr. Tillotson's son, john C. Tillotson, to Dr. Federal Van Der Burgh who lived there a short time. 67

Dr. Van Der Burgh's daughter, Mary Helen, and her husband, John B. James lived there for thirty years. In 1883 it was sold to Jacob Ruppert of New York, who lived there until his death in 1915. It is still the home of this family. THE REVEREND FREEBORN GARRETTSON Freeborn Garrettson, born in Maryland in 1752, became one of the founders of Methodism in America, working as a circuit rider and preacher along the Atlantic coast from South Carolina to Nova Scotia. During the Revolution he refused to take the oath of allegiance for conscientious reasons and he suffered persecution and even personal injuries. From 1785 to 1787 he served as a IVIethodist missionary in Nova Scotia. Then he returned to northern Dutchess County where he continued his efforts as preacher and religious teacher. Here, in 1793, he married Catharine Livingston, born October 14, 1752, daughter of Judge Robert R. and Margaret Livingston, who had grown up and lived to the age of forty-one in a very different environment to his. But these two lived a long, congenial and happy life together. In 1799, they bought a tract of land on the Hudson River, near Rhinebeck, where they built their home which they called "Wildercliff." Here they lived the rest of their lives, loved and respected by their neighbors and all who knew them. Mr. Garrettson died in 1827 and his wife July 14, 1849. "Wildercliff" continued to be the home of their only child, Miss IVIary Garrettson, until her death in 1879. And we quote the words of our Helen Reynolds: "Here for eighty years `Wildercliff was the scene of unlimited hospitality, where all sorts and conditions of humanity found aid and comfort." GOVERNOR MORGAN LEWIS Another illustrious member of the group, also a son-in-law to Judge Robert R. Livingston and -Margaret Beekman, was Morgan Lewis, born in New York October 16, 1754. His father, Francis Lewis, had come to New York from Wales and also has an honorable Revolutionary record. He was an early member of the Sons of Liberty, a member of the first Provincial Convention and was one of the four delegates sent from New York to the fi rst Continental Congress in 1774, (the 68

other three being Philip Livingston, William Floyd and Lewis Morris) and in 1776 was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Morgan Lewis, the subject of this sketch, was graduated from Princeton College in 1773 and was a law student in the office of John Jay in New York City when the War of the Revolution began at Lexington in 1775. He at once enlisted a company of volunteer riflemen and was sent to Boston. In November 1775, he was commissioned a Major in the Second New York Continental regiment of infantry, of which John Jay was Colonel, but with Jay's many other duties the command of the regiment soon fell into the hands of Major Lewis. In 1776 he was Chief of Staff and soon after was Quartermaster General of the Northern Army Department, which covered the whole of the northern and western frontier of the state of New York, in which he served until the end of the Revolution. In 1779 he married Gertrude Livingston, daughter of Judge Robert R. and Margaret Beekman Livingston of Clermont, born April 16, 1757. From this time he was a resident of Dutchess County. He lived at Rhinebeck. After the war ended he was admitted to the bar to practice law in New York, where in 1789 he was elected to the State Assembly. In 1791 he was again elected to the Assembly, but this time from Dutchess County where his home really was. On November 8, 1791, he was appointed Attorney General of the State of New York; in 1792 he was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court and in October of 1801 became Chief Justice. In 1804 he was nominated by his party for governor of the state, his opponent being Aaron Burr whom he defeated and he became the third governor of the State of New York (the other two having been George Clinton and John Jay). In 1810 he was elected a state senator and served the next three years. After that he served on the Council of Appointment and was appointed Quartermaster General of the United States Army. During our second war with Great Britain (1812-1813) he commanded the army along our northern frontier and was commissioned a brigadier general. In 1792 he had purchased a tract of land where Staatsburg is now located and during the years 1793-1795 built a fine brick and stone house. Here he and his wife lived the remainder of their lives. The first house burned in 1832 and he immediately erected a new one which forms the central structure of the present mansion. 69

After the war of 1812 he determined to retire and spend the rest of his life with his charming wife and daughter. His wife Gertrude and her mother, who was Margaret Beekman, were said to have been the most beautiful and charming women of their time in the whole community. Morgan Lewis and his wife had only one child, a daughter Margaret, who married 1VIaturin Livingston and who, with their twelve children, went to live with them "so they would not be lonesome in their old age." Here he lived the life of a country gentleman, interested in agriculture and neighborhood affairs. He held many positions of honor and usefulness during these last years of a busy life. He was president of the New-York Historical Society 1802-1815; President General of the Society of the Cincinnati 1834-1844 (the first president of the Cincinnati was General Washington, elected at its founding in 1783) ; he was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the 1Vlasonic order in New York, 1833-1844; he served as warden of St. James' Church, Hyde Park, 1812-1836. When General Lafayette visited America in 1824 one of the special visits he made was at "Staatsburgh House" with General Lewis. Governor Morgan Lewis died April 7, 1844, aged 90 years, and was buried in the cemetery at St. James' Church, Hyde Park, where he had served so many years as warden. Mrs. Lewis had died in 1833, at the age of 76 years. After the death of Governor Lewis the old home was occupied by 1VIaturin Livingston and his family and after them it was the home of Maturin Livingston, Jr., whose wife was Ruth Douglas. They were succeeded by their daughter Ruth Livingston and her husband Ogden Mills and the old place, known as "Staatsburgh House," was occupied by their descendants until recent years. The property is now known as the "Ogden 1V1ills and Ruth Livingston Mills Memorial State Park," having been presented to the State of New York by their daughter, Mrs. Henry Carnegie Phipps and opened to the public August 1, 1938. PETER ROBERT LIVINGSTON Joanna Livingston was born September 14, 1759, and married Peter R. Livingston, born October 3, 1766. He was the son of Robert James Livingston and Susanna Smith, and a brother of Maturin who married Margaret, daughter of Governor Morgan Lewis. 70

Although too young to take an active part in the War of the Revolution, Peter spent a long, active and useful life in the founding of the State of New York and the United States of America. Both his father and his grandfather had been very active throughout the war. His father, Colonel Robert James Livingston, was severely wounded in the battle of Princeton and his grandfather, Colonel James Livingston, had early in the war recruited a regiment of Canadian volunteers. Both Peter R. and his wife, Joanna, were great grandchildren of Robert Livingston, "the Nephew," and Margaretta Schuyler. Joanna was also a great granddaughter of the first Robert Livingston and Alida Schuyler. Peter graduated from Princeton College in 1788 and became early interested in politics. This couple lived at "Grasmere," near Rhinebeck, in a house built by General and Janet Montgomery. He served as Secretary of Legation while General John Armstrong was United States Minister to France. In 1821, he was elected a senator in the New York State Legislature where he served several years. He was a delegate to the Whig convention of 1840 which nominated General William H. Harrison for president. He was noted as one of the gifted orators of his time and was chosen to greet the delegates at that Whig convention in New York. Of this address of welcome, Thomas S. Clarkson, the Clermont historian, says: "Though his frame was quivering with age, his eloquence made the multitude thrill." He was at that time seventy-four years of age. He died January 19, 1847, in his eighty-first year. His wife, Joanna, had died March 1, 1829. GENERAL JOHN ARMSTRONG John Armstrong was the son of General John Armstrong of Pennsylvania, who served with distinction during the French and Indian War and who had held important offices in his state and was a member of the Continental Congress in 1777. John was born November 25, 1758, and was a student at Princeton. But when the war began in 1776 he left college and enlisted in the army of the Revolution. He served first on the staff of General Hugh Mercer and, after the death of that officer, on the staff of General Gates, where he bore the rank of Major. In March of 1783, while the army was encamped around Newburgh, there was a great deal of dissatisfaction among the officers and 71

soldiers because they had not received their pay from Congress. This was before the union of the states and Congress was helpless as it had no power to collect taxes from the different states and the paper money issued by the Continental Congress had at this time very little, if any, purchasing value. The saying, "not worth a Continental," has come down to our time. At this time an anonymous circular was passed throughout the camp and a meeting of the officers was called to discuss means by which they might compel Congress to come to terms with them or they might take matters into their own hands. This circular was written by John Armstrong. When it came into the hands of General Washington he at once ordered a meeting of all of his officers at the Temple on March 19, and General Gates was asked to preside. When the meeting opened General Washington mounted the platform and, putting on his spectacles, said: "You see, Gentlemen, I have not only grown grey but blind in your service." Then he made an earnest, patriotic address, advising what was best to be done, expressing confidence that Congress would provide the best means possible for the relief of the army which had served so faithfully for so many years. When he finished his address he took his departure, leaving his officers to discuss the situation. But he had ,carried the day. His officers, to a man, were with him. Neither General Washington, nor anyone else, has ever expressed a doubt of Major Armstrong's loyalty in circulating this letter, but have attributed it to a lack of judgment and the general uncertainty prevalent at the time. This was before there was any intimation that peace was coming. King George had issued a proclamation on February 14 that there would be no more fighting and acknowledging the independence of the American colonies. But it was April 6 when this reached Sir Guy Carleton, the British Commander in New York. He at once notified General Washington at Newburgh. The Continental Congress accepted the terms of peace on April 19 and ordered a cessation of hostilities. These were the days before the railroads, steamboats, telegraph, radio or even our mail system, and this information must be sent to all points where the fighting was still going on. The only way that this could be accomplished was by sending messengers on horseback. As General Washington never asked anyone to do what he would not do himself, Ibe rode on horseback with Governor Clinton and a party of officers from 72

Albany up through the Mohawk country to Fort Stanwix and even as far as Fort Otsego, for through these northern and western frontiers the fighting was still going on against bands of Tories and Indians for several months after peace had been declared. Then began the disbandment of the army. At Newburgh General Washington granted long furloughs to officers and soldiers who went to their homes. The final signing of the treaty of peace took place in Paris September 3. Many of his officers declared they would not leave him but would remain as long as he did. On June 6, Washington issued an order granting an indulgence to any officer who wished the privilege of remaining. This list of officers was procured and presented to General Washington by Captain Israel Smith who, as the husband of Mary Hasbrouck, was living in the Hasbrouck house which was Washington's headquarters. When, on November 25, the last of the British troops left New York General Washington and this devoted group of his ,officers, who had refused to leave him until the last minute, marched into the city and took possession. It was here on December 4 at Fraunce's tavern, at a dinner given by Governor George Clinton, that Washington bade farewell to these officers, with tears in his eyes. "With a heart full of love and gratitude I take leave of you. I most devoutly wish that your latter days may be as prosperous and happy as your former ones have been glorious and honourable. I cannot come to each of you to take my hand but shall be obliged to you if each of you will come and take me by the hand." Major Armstrong, after the Revolutionary War was over, returned to Pennsylvania where he served his state as Adjutant-General and as Secretary of State until 1787. Then he came to Dutchess County .and, on January 19, 1789, married Alida Livingston, born December 24, 1761, youngest daughter of Judge Robert R. Livingston. Here he purchased a tract of land on the Hudson, near Annandale, where he built a home. He was elected to Congress in 1797 and, in 1800, was elected a United States senator and served until 1804, when he was appointed United States Minister to France. After his return from France, in 1811, he was appointed Secretary of War in the cabinet of President James Madison, where he served from 1812 to 1814. This was the period of our second war with Great Britain and at that time he was commissioned a brigadier-general. 73

In 1815 he built a new and larger home, "to accomodate my increasing family," as he wrote to a friend. His wife died here December 25, 1823 and he died in 1843. His daughter, Margaret Rebecca (born 1800 and died 1872), married William B. Astor and they lived there after the death of General Armstrong and the old home is still occupied by their descendants. General Armstrong was the author of a number of books, among them a biography of his brother-in-law, General Richard Montgomery. J. WILSON POUCHER.

SURPLUS PROPERTY The government is selling several thousand army wagons, and thus far it is said they sell at an average of only $17.20. They are generally very heavy and strong, and calculated for good service, where heavy teaming is done. Mules are also being sold off in large numbers, and bring at the rate of $65. each, considerably less than they are worth, we should think, as most of them are in good condition. Poughkeepsie Daily Eagle, July 3, 1865. 74

DUTCHESS COUNTY MEN OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD — COLONEL HENRY LUDINGTON AND HIS DAUGHTER SYBIL One of these men who lived in southeastern Dutchess was Henry Ludington whose activities, both in the Dutchess County militia and levies and also as Deputy Commissioner of Safety in protecting the county from Tory plots and activities during the whole long eight years of the Revolution should place his name in a prominent place among the hcroes of that period. He was born at Branford, Connecticut, May 25, 1738, the son of William and Mary (Knowles) Ludington. When seventeen years of age he enlisted as a private in a colonial regiment during the French and Indian war and served from 1756 to 1760, most of that time in the invasion of Canada, which was then a French province. Shortly after the capture of Quebec, in September 1759, he was entrusted with a band of wounded soldiers and conducted them safely from Quebec to Boston. This trip was through the wilds of northern New England, in the dead of a severe winter, and many nights they slept in snowbanks wrapped in their blankets. Through all these hardships this youth of twenty led his party safely to Boston. Very soon after his return home he married his young cousin Abigail Ludington, born IVIay 8, 1745, daughter of Elisha Ludington, whose home was in Rombout Patent in southern Dutchess. This wedding tOok place May 1, 1760, when he was not quite twenty-one and his bride just under fifteen years of age. Soon after their marriage they went to Fredericksburgh Precinct, Dutchess County, where he rented a tract of 229 acres of land which he afterward purchased. Here he built a home and a mill and very soon became an active and prominent citizen. This neighborhood has since that time been known as Ludingtonville. This couple were the parents of twelve children: Sybil, born April 5, 1761; Rebecca, born January 24, 1763, married May 7, 1794, Harry Pratt; Mary, born July 31, 1765, married September 12, 1785, David Travis; Archibald, born July 5, 1767, married September 23, 1790, Elizabeth Sears; Henry, born March 28, 1769, moved to Catskill; Derick, born February 17, 1771, died, unmarried, December 1840; Tertullus, born April 19, 1773; Abigail, born February 26, 1776; Anna, born March 14, 1778, married Joseph Colwell; Frederick, born June 10, 75

1782, died July 23, 1852, married Susanna Griffiths, died August 29, 1853; Sophia, born May 16, 1784, married Ferris; and Lewis, born June 25, 1786, died September 3, 1857, married Polly Townsend. In 1773 he was commissioned a captain by Governor William Tryon, the last of the British governors, in a colonial regiment commanded by Colonel Beverly Robinson, who was also a Dutchess County man. Colonel Robinson was the last royalist judge of Dutchess and during the Revolution commanded a Tory regiment. Later, in 1778, it was Robinson who acted as intermediary between Arnold, the traitor, and the British commander, Sir Henry Clinton. When pre-Revolutionary affairs became serious in 1775, Ludington, whose sympathies were strongly with the patriot colonists, resigned from this regiment. In June 1776 he was commissioned by the Provincial Congress a colonel of the Seventh Dutchess County Militia which at once was enlisted in his neighborhood, and from this time on no one in this section was more active than he. In May 1777 he was appointed with John Jay on a Commission of Public Safety to act with Robert R. Livingston, Zephaniah Platt and Melancthon Smith to discover and subdue Tory activities in his section. So active and efficient was he in this work that General Lord Howe, the British commander, offered a reward of 300 English guineas for his capture "dead or alive." He was shot at several times and some attempts were made to capture him. One evening an old neighbor, a Doctor Prosser, with a party of Tories whom he was taking to join the British army. surrounded his house with the intention of seizing the colonel and taking him along with them, but they were discovered and recognized by the colonel's young daughters, Sybil and Rebecca, who were acting as sentinels and the house was put in condition for defense and that attempt was not made. After the war ended, like many of the Tories, Prosser came back to his old home to live and the story is told by the family that one day while horseback riding the colonel met Prosser and, after a few words, gave him a severe dressing down with his cowhide riding whip. Another prominent loyalist, Captain John Holmes, boasted that Colonel Ludington would yet go to General Howe with him as a prisoner, but Colonel Ludington had been kept posted by one of his secret spies and surrounded this party and captured every one of them without firing a shot, although they put up several desperate struggles in one of which Colonel Ludington had a brand new suit of clothes completely torn from his back. 76

Another prominent Tory, Joshua Nickerson, had collected a squad. and was about to march them to join the British army. So carefully had they kept their plans that no one knew where they met or who all of them were. But when a young tenant of Colonel Ludington, in whom he had confidence, told him that he had been asked to join the party, a plan was laid. The young man joined the company and learned that their next and last meeting was to be in a scrub oak wood at Fishkill Plains and that Nickerson kept his muster roll in a hollow cane which he carried and which no one else ever saw. As they were to start from there to join the enemy Colonel Ludington assembled his regiment, surrounded Nickerson and his company and took them all prisoners. Imagine Nickerson's chagrin when Colonel Ludington took his hollow walking stick, opened it and took out the hidden paper which was the legal evidence against them all! Their next trip, instead of marching t& join the enemy, was to the Poughkeepsie jail under a guard of Colonel Ludington's soldiers. The first expedition of the British army after its possession of New York City was in April 1777 when two thousand British troops, under General Tryon who had been the last British governor of New York, reached Danbury, Connecticut, where there were large stores of provisions, tents and other articles for the use of the American army. This place was supposed to be safe but all Of these stores and most of the town were burned by the British soldiers. Patriot messengers rode out to warn the nearest American soldiers and one of these arrived about nine o'clock in the evening on April 26, at the home of Colonel Ludington with the news. The members of his regiment were at their homes and he had no one to send as a messenger to warn them. "What shall I do for a messenger?" "You have me," spoke up young Sybil. After a short argument Sybil rode forth over the wild section and by dawn his regiment of troopers was collected. They set out for Danbury, joined the forces of Arnold, Wooster and Silliman and drove the British back to their ships on the sound. In this battle Arnold had his horse shot from under him and the gallant Wooster was killed. This was the first battle for most of these men, half of them without uniforms, some without arms, short of ammunition, and greatly outnumbered by the enemy. But their scattered sharp-shooter firing from behind trees and stonewalls so harassed the British soldiers that their 77-

retreat to their ships became a complete rout. Alexander Hamilton wrote of it: "I congratulate you on the Danbury expedition. The Stores destroyed there have been purchased at a pretty high price to the enemy." How his young daughter Sybil came to the Colonel's rescue as a messenger to summon his troopers has been so beautifully described by Berton Braley in his ballad, "Sybil Ludington's Ride," * that we are using his words: Listen, my children, and you shall hear Of a lovely feminine Paul Revere Who rode an equally famous ride Throuh a different part of the countryside, Where Sybil Ludington's name recalls A ride as daring as that of Paul's. In April, Seventeen Seventy-Seven, A smoky glow in the eastern heaven (A fiery herald of war and slaughter) Came to the eyes of the Colonel's daughter. "Danbury's burning," she cried aloud. The Colonel answered, " 'Tis but a cloud, A cloud reflecting the campfires' red, So hush you, Sybil, and go to bed." "I hear the sound of the cannon drumming . . . " 'Tis only the wind in the treetops humming! So go to bed, as a young lass ought, And give the matter no further thought." Young Sybil sighed as she turned to go, "Still, Danbury's burning—that I know." Sound of a horseman riding hard . . . Clatter of hoofs in the manoryard . . . Feet on the steps and a knock resounding As a fist struck wood with a mighty pounding, The door's flung open, a voice is heard, "Danbury's burning—I rode with word; Fully half of the town is gone And the British—the British are coming on. Send a messenger, get your men!" His message finished, the horseman then Staggered wearily to a chair And fell exhausted in slumber there. The Colonel muttered, "And who, my friend, Is the messenger I can send? Your strength is spent and you cannot ride And, then, you know not the countryside; *Published April 14, 1940, in THIS WEEK MAGAZINE and reprinted here with the permission of the publishers, the United Newspapers Magazine Corporation, and the author, Berton Braley.

I cannot go, for my duty's clear; When my men come in they must find me here; There's devil a man on the place tonight To warn my troopers to come—and fight. Then, who is my messenger to be?" Said Sybil Ludington, "You have me." "You!" said the Colonel, and grimly smiled, "You! My daughter, you're just a child!" " 'Child!' " cried Sybil. "Why I'm sixteen! My mind's alert and my senses keen, I know where the trails and the roadways are And I can gallop as fast and far As any masculine rider can. You want a messenger? I'm your man!" The Colonel's heart was aglow with pride. "Spoke like a soldier. Ride, -girl ride— Ride like the devil, ride like sin Summon my slumbering troopers in. I know when duty is to be done That I can depend on a Ludington!" So over the trails to the towns and farms Sybil delivered the call to arms, Riding swiftly without a stop Except to rap with a riding crop On the soldiers' doors, with a sharp tattoo And a high-piched feminine halloo. "Up! up! there, soldier. You're needed, come! The British are marching!". and then the drum Of her horse's feet as she rode apace To bring more men to the meeting place. Sybil grew weary and faint and drowsing, Her limbs were aching, but still she rode Until she finished her task of rousing Each sleeping soldier from his abode, Showing her father, by work well done, That he . could depend on a Ludington. Dawn in the skies with its tints of pearl And the lass who rode in a soldier's stead Turned home, only a tired girl Thinking of breakfast and then of bed ° With never a dream that her ride would be A glorious legend of history; Nor that posterity's hand would mark Each trail she rode through the inky dark, Each path to figure in song and story As a splendid; glamorous Path of glory— To prove, as long as the ages run, That "y(T can depend on a • Ludington." . Such. is the legend Of §ybil's ride To summon the men from the countryside, 79

A true tale, making her title clear As a lovely feminine Paul Revere!

Sybil not only helped out on this occasion but is on record several' times as acting between her father and his secret agents and as a sentinel guard, saving him from death or capture on some occasions. Up to this time the Committee of Safety was the whole of the law and John Jay was the acting judge for this section of Dutchess. Jay and Ludington employed several secret agents to ferret out Tory activities and many prisoners were taken to Judge Jay. One of those who worked with them was Enoch Crosby who spent much of his time at the I. udington home and had a code of secret signals which were known to and her sister Rebecca, who were always on guard during their father's absence. It was this Enoch Crosby who was made famous by James Fenimore Cooper as "Harvey Birch" in The Spy. As Cooper and John Jay were close friends it is very evident that it was his story of Crosby's activities that gave the novelist material for his book. In 1777, when New York became a state, the governor, General George Clinton, became commander of all the state militia and he presented to Colonel Ludington a new commission as colonel of the state militia. When, in 1777, the British came up the Hudson River Colonel Ludington and his regiment took an active part in the defense of Peekskill and other Hudson Valley towns. At the battle of White Plains he acted as a member of General Washington's staff and afterward receivtd the personal thanks of Washington for his "activity and thoughtful usefulness on that occasion." Here he and about three hundred of his men escaped capture only by taking to their boats and crossing to the west shore of the river. When the British went up the Hudson to try to. help General Burgoyne and burned Kingston in the summer of 1777 Colonel Ludington and his regiment were a part of General Putnam's army which defended the east side of the Hudson. In 1778, by order of Governor Clinton, he enlisted a company of levies mostly from his egiment, with which he served while the war lasted. The levies were the men who did the very last of the fighting at the end of the Revolution. Thus we see that Henry Ludington served to the end of the war and during this period never shirked any duty and enjoyed the full confidence of his associates as well as that of Governor Clinton and General WQsh;ngton. 80

After the war he continued to serve his county in many ways. He was again a deputy sheriff and was severely stabbed by a desperado whom he was arresting. He served many years as a justice of the peace and also served with distinction as assemblyman for several terms in the New York state legislature. It is related by the family that he spent the last years of his life at his old home where he and his old friend and neighbor, John Jay, and several others of their old cronies often met for a social evening over their pipes and mugs, exchanging memories of the stirring days of the Revolution. He died January 24, 1817, aged seventy-eight years, and his wife Abigail, 'died August 3, 1825 and she is buried beside him in the Presbyterian burying ground at Patterson. Sybil married, October 21, 1784, Edward Ogden, a lawyer of Catskill, and left four sons and two daughters. One of Sybil's grandsons was Major Edmund A. Ogden who, according to the army record of 1855, was a hero. "After service in the United States Army for many years he was sent to establish an army post at Fort Riley in the wilderness 140 miles west of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Territory. Here cholera in its worst form attacked his men. He labored among them day and night nursing and furnishing every comfort he could. Then, worn out with care and labor, he fell a victim to the disease and died August 3, 1855, in his 44th year. So loved and admired was he by the men under his command that they erected a fine monument to his memory." How "posterity's hand" has marked many of the sites where Henry Ludington and his daughter Sybil did their noble deeds is shown by many roadside markers, several of which we have copied: at home of Sybil Ludington: SYBIL LUDINGTON daughter of Col. Ludington rode from her home here April 26, 1777, to call Militia to repel Tryon's raid on Danbury, Conn. at

Stormville : SYBIL LUDINGTON Rode horseback over this road the night of April 26, 1777, to call out Colonel Ludington's regiment to repel British at Danbury, Conn. 81

in Ludingtonville: SYBIL LUDINGTON here ended her night ride April 26, 1777, to summon Militia of Col. Ludington's Regiment to repel British raid at Danbury, Conn.

Jso in Ludingtonville : PARADE GROUND Here Col. Henry Ludington of Dutchess County Militia drilled his regiment, and mustered them many times to march against the British.

In 1812 a portion of southern Dutchess, including the home of Colonel Ludington, was set up as a separate county and named for General Putnam. J. WILSON POUCHER and BARBARA CORL1SS

ALBANY STAGES The proprietors of the Albany Line of Stages will commence performing the tour in two days on Monday the 16th of April instant._ —A Carriage will move from Hall's tavern, near the Oswego Market, New-York, and Lewis's in Albany, every Monday and Thursday mornings, precisely at 4 o'clock, and return on Tuesdays and Fridays following: at the same time the price of a passenger will be reduced from fourpence to three-pence per mile-150 weight of baggage the same as a passenger. The public will please take notice, that the proprietors will not be answerable for the loss of any baggage whatsoever. April 8th, 1787. The Country Journal, And The Poughkeepsie Advertiser, April 11, 1787. 82

DUTCHESS COUNTY MEN — BENSON

JOHN

LOSSING

Benson John Lossing was born February 12, 1813, in the town of Beekman, Dutchess County. He was the son of John Lossing and Miriam Dorland. He was descended from Peter Lassen, or Pieter the Brewer, who sold his business in Albany in 1681 and came to Dutchess County, after a short stay at Kingston, and made his home on the shore of the Hudson River just south of Jan Casper's kill. His father died October 15, 1813, and his mother August 26, 1824. h is said that the only formal education he received was obtained in three years at the district school. After the death of his mother, at the age of thirteen, he came to Poughkeepsie and became an apprentice in the shop of Adam Henderson, watchmaker and silversmith. He continued with Henderson over a period of years and the Poughkeepsie Journal of April 3, 1833, announced that Adam Henderson had taken into "co-partnership" Benson J. Lossing, at his old stand in Main street, four doors east of the Poughkeepsie Hotel. This partnership lasted until October 1835, when he purchased the interest of Aaron Low in the Poughkeepsie Telegraph and began a career of writing which was to continue for more than half a century. The Telegraph was a weekly paper with an approximate circulation at that time of 2,300. In 1839 it had reached "upwards of twenty-six hundred, which is larger, doubtless, than any country paper in the State." In 1836 the editors of the Telegraph established the Poughkeepsie Casket, a semi-monthly literary journal, devoted exclusively to the different branches of polite literature. Periodicals of this sort were springing up all over the country. It was the period of the development of the women's magazines and cheap literary weeklies, usually called "caskets" or "repositories." They contained original and reprinted, signed articles and inoral tales, selections of poetry, ladies' departments and many articles under the headings of "Variety" and "Miscellany," as well as warriage and death notices printed under the captions of "The Knot" and "The Knell." The local publication was of the same order but it contained numerous historical and biographical sketches written by Lossing and it was embellished with wood engravings executed by him. With the completion of the first volume of the Casket, the magazine

was sold to Isaac Harrington, Jr., who combined it with his Youth's Guide to Piety and Virtue, another semi-monthly journal. After an interval of several months, in May of 1838, it was again being published by Lossing and the second and third volumes were completed, after which it was sold to Selkreg & Wiggins. In 1838, Lossing announced that he was spending the winter in New York for the prosecution of the beautiful art of wood engraving and that his interest and connection with the Telegraph and the Casket and the general business of the office would be the same, although he requested that all correspondence be directed to him in New York. Later in the winter he explained that the difficulty of transmitting engravings with safety during the close of navigation would render it necessary to omit them from a few numbers of the Casket. From 1839 to 1841, in addition to the Poughkeepsie publications, he edited and illustrated in New York, the weekly Family Magazine. This was one of the first pictorial magazines in the country. It was succeeded by Sears' New Monthly Magazine (1843-1849), established by Robert Sears "for the diffusion of useful knowledge." For these magazines and the New York Mirror and the Poughkeepsie publications he produced many engravings, some of which were used in all of the separate periodicals. For the local journals, especially, he wrote many biographical and historical articles, preserving the traditions and the recollections of the older people around him of colonial and Revolutionary events. He has preserved the only pictures of many buildings in the state made famous by some historical association, among them the Van Kleeck house in Poughkeepsie which was probably built in 1687 and was demolished in 1835. His engravings appeared in numerous publications and in most of the job printing work done by the Telegraph press,—programs, school catalogs, etc., a multitude of printed matter, all of which contained illustrations by Lossinz or Barritt & Lossing. For many years he and William Barritt conducted the largest wood engraving business in New York and supplied some of the best examples of that art to the books and periodicals of his day. These were busy years. In addition to all of the work involved in the publication of his magazines and newspaper and the preparation of the woodcuts used in all of them, Lossing was taking his place as a prominent member of the community. At the age of twenty he had 84

married the niece of his partner, Adam Henderson. He was secretary of the Young Men's Temperance Association, a member of the Dutchess County Republican Young Men's Convention, secretary of the Dutchess County Association for the Improvement of Common Schools and the General Diffusion of Knowledge, secretary of the Poughkeepsie Mechanics Literary and Benevolent Association, a director and one time president of the Poughkeepsie Lyceum of Literature, Science and Mechanic Arts, orderly sergeant of the Poughkeepsie Artillery Company— to list a few of the organizations with which his name was connected. He was Town Clerk in 1837 and in later years was an alderman of the city. In his columns he frequently advocated the establishment of libraries and suggested "neighborhood libraries," urging the residents of a country locality to pool their personal collections of books for the winter months "by which scheme a large library might be formed for mutual benefit." Always interested in the education of women, he wrote many articles on the subject of the female mind and its capabilities. He was a friend of 1VIatthew Vassar and a trustee of Vassar College and its historian, from its organization until his death. It is not improbable that the founder of that institution was influenced by the views expressed in Lossing's writings over a period of years. One of the most fascinating of his published works is Vassar College and its Founder, published in 1867. The engravings in this volume, especially those of the property called "Springside," which Matthew Vassar purchased about 1850, are a delight to natives of this locality who. remember the estate in its prime. His first book was the Outline History of the Fine Arts, published in 1847, and this was followed by a history of the War of the Revolution, Seventeen Hundred and Seventy-Six. He was a prolific writer and in addition to the, approximately, forty volumes of published works, he contributed illustrated articles to Harper's Magazine over a period of twenty years and literally hundreds of articles to the local periodicals. These were, for the most part, biographical sketches and historical accounts of persons and events prominent in the history of our country. The Field Book of the, American Revolution is perhaps the best known work of his pen. It was first published in serial parts in 185085

52 by Harper's. It is a most interesting series of accounts of personal visits to all the localities made memorable during the Revolution by battles, encampments, etc. It is profusely illustrated by his sketches made on the occasions of these visits. He spent five years of his time and traveled more than 8,000 miles in the United States and Canada gathering the material for this book and returned home occasionally with the sketches from which his engravings were made. Two similiar histories, the Field Book of the War of 1812 and the Field Book of the Civil War, were later published as well as many other historical and biographical works, but none of them equalled the popularity of the Field Book of the Revolution. It is still consulted for details which cannot be found in any other place. He probably did more than any other one person to popularize the subject of the history of the United States. He prepared in 1860 and 1861, for the London Art Journal, a series of articles describing the scenery, history and legends of the Hudson Valley, illustrated with 306 sketches made by the author. These were later published in one volume as The Hudson, from the Wilderness to the Sea. He had made his home in Poughkeepsie for the most part and during all these years he was active in the community. He was in great demand throughout the county as a public speaker on any and all occasions, particularly at recruiting rallies and flag raisings in the 1860's. On June 26, 1833, shortly after he had formed the partnership with Adam Henderson, he married Alice, the daughter of Thomas Barritt and Maria Henderson. She is said to have shared his literary interests and during their residence in New York, wrote for the New York papers and had many friends there with kindred tastes. She died April 18, 1855, and November 18, 1856, he married Helen, the daughter of Nehemiah Sweet, who survived him by twenty years. He and his family were members of Christ Church, Poughkeepsie, where he was a member of the vestry and represented the parish as a delegate on at least one occasion at the diocesan convention. In 1869 he purchased a farm of three hundred acres in the town of Dover on the very top of Chestnut Ridge, and he called his home "The Ridge." Here ie built a fireproof building for his library of more than 5,000 books, chiefly 86

upon historical and biographical subjects, and his historical treasures. The latter were said to include a portion of Mrs. Washington's wedding dress, a piece of curtain brought over in the Mayflower, a piece of the flag flown at Fort Sumter, a cane made of the wood from Perry's flagship, in the battle of Lake Erie, and similar items. He passed the rest of his life at his home on the Ridge. In his later years he is described as a man of medium height, rather heavily built, with kindly features and with a complexion slightly inclined to ruddiness. He was actively engaged in his writings and displayed an equable temperament, accomplishing his work calmly and "without the spasmodic outbursts characteristic of writers of the nervous type." He continued his literary labors up to the time of his death which occurred June 3, 1891. His funeral was held at Christ Church, Poughkeepsie, and he is buried in the Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery. He was survived by his widow, two sons, Edwin J. and Thomas, and two daughters, Helen and Alice. His daughter, Helen Lossing Johnson, was a well known author and illustrator of children's books. AMY PEARCE VER NOOY.

A LARGE CROP OF WOOL The attention of our citizens was attracted on Thursday last, by the passing of six wagons through our principal street, loaded with Wool, all sheared last spring by one farmer in this county. It was from the flock of Isaac Smith, Esq. who has sold it to the Oriskany Manufacturing Company near Utica. There were nearly 9,000 lbs. which sold for about 6000 Dollars. We presume there are but few farmers in the State who realize so large a sum from any single item, and not many who realize so much from all their products added together. Poughkeepsie Journal, November 15, 1820. 87

BIBLE RECORDS OF DUTCHESS COUNTY FAMILIES UHL FAMILY BIBLE Pages from the Uhl family Bible containing records of marriage, birth and deaths in the family of George Uhl and Margaret Christina Brown, his wife, on file in the Adriance Memorial Library, Poughkeepsie. George Uhl and Margaret Christina Brown were Married February 24th, 1819 George Uhl was born August 17th, 1797 Margaret Christina Brown was born December 14th, 1799 *

Issue of George Uhl and Margaret his wife: John Howard Uhl was Born February 19th, 1820 David Uhl was Born June 11th, 1825 Mary Brown Uhl was born January 30, 1834 * * * Margaret Christina Uhl Died Sunday Morn., July 25th, 1852, aged 52 years, 7 m's & 11 days David Uhl Died of Yellow fever in Bolivia, South America, Sept. 17th, 1858, aged 33 years, 3 Months, 7 days At Boston, Mass., July 2d, 1872, Mary Brown Uhl, wife of Thomas L. Harmon of the Boston Custom House, and daughter of the late George Uhl of Dutchess Co., N. Y., aged 35 years.

SHEPHERD FAMILY BIBLE Holy Bible First Brookfield Edition. E. Merriam & Co., Brookfield, 1815. The Bible is owned by Mr. Clifford M. Buck, Salt Point, N. Y. William Shepherd Mary Shepherd Whipple Shepherd Benjamin Shepherd Calvin Shepherd Margaret Shepherd Jared Warner Shepherd William Shepherd Zilpha Shepherd William and Mary Shepherd Whipple Shepherd Benjamin Shepherd Jared W. Shepherd Zilpha Shepherd

born ,, II

married

William Shepherd Mary Shepherd Whipple Shepherd Benjamin Shepherd Calvin Shepherd

died 31

March 15, 1760 April 10, 1761 March 3, 1781 December 22, 1782 February 15, 1785 August 6, 1789 October 28, 1792 September 26, 1797 December 21, 1800 October 10, 1780 October 1817 January 3, 1819 September 18, 1822 March 9, 1840 May 16, 1843 March 1865 September 1848 April 1866

ADALINE MARTIN'S BOOK The New Testament New-York. Printed by D. Fanshaw, for The American Bible Society, 1831. Small Testament, bound in calf; bears the inscription, "Adaline Martin's Book September 30, 1834." It is owned by Mrs. T. J. Mahoney, of Poughkeepsie, granddaughter of Adaline Martin Swartwout. Adaline Martin, daughter of Elijah Martin, died January 26, 1852 married by Rev. Dr. Covel, Anna Lawless, died September 10, 1880 C September 28, 1816, Po'keepsie Adaline, born April 8, 1824; died March 18, 1872 married February 10, 1846, Hyde Park, N. Y. William Henry Swartwout, born Mar. 3, 1823; died Nov. 2, 1884 *

Samuel M. Swartwout was born April 28th, 1847 Lewis Edward Swartwout born October 4th, 1848 Sarah Anna Swartwout was born December 17th, 1850 William Henry Swartwout was born April 2th, 1852 Susan Alice Swartwout was born July 4th, 1854 Caroline Louisa Swartwout was born October 31st, 1856 John J. Swartwout was Born February the 8th, 1858 Susan Alice Swartwout Born June 30th, 1861 *

Lewis Edward Swartwout died Dec. the 6th, 1851 Sarah Anna Swartwout died May the 9th, 1851 Susan Alice Swartwout died March the 2th, 1860 Grandmother Martin died Sept. 10, 1880, 84 years old. Elijah died Jan. 26, 1852; aged 64 years. W. H. Swartwout, died Nov. 2, 1884; 62 years old. Susan Alice Swartwout Born June the 30th, 1861 Susan Alice Swartwout died Aug. 30, 1899 William Henry Swartwout Died May 18, 1913

ETTA SECOR'S BIBLE New York. American Bible Society. The Holy Bible The Bible was located in an antique shop in Poughkeepsie and the records copied by Mrs. A. N. Mahoney. FAMILY RECORD Seth Secor and Emily Bronson were married April 15, 1863 Births Seth Secor, Born July 13th, 1839 Emily Secor, Born Aug't, 2d, 1839 Etta Secor, Born July 5th, 1864 Cornelia Secor, Born May 20th, 1866 Alfred B. Secor, Born April 25th, 1873 *

* Deaths

Alfred B. Secor Died May th 28th, 187439

HENRY KELLY'S BOOK The Holy Bible New York. J. Seymour, Printer, 1810. The Bible was located in an antique shop in Poughkeepsie and the records copied by Mrs. A. N. Mahoney. FAMILY RECORD Marriages Henry Kelly was married to Isabella Brown April the tenth, eighteen hundred and Thirty-two, at New York, by D. Dunbar Births Nathaniel Southwick was born 1759 (in pencil, 1769) Henry Kelly was Born January the fifth, 1788 Isabel', Austin, afterward Kelly, was born November 26th, 1795 Elizabeth Kelly was Born April the twentieth, 1833 Robert Kelly was Born January 16th, 1756 Elizabeth Kelly was Born January 9th, 1765 1 John Kelly was Born A( ) 12th, 1790 3 Isaac Kelly was Born January 6th, 1795 2 Daniel Kelly was Born Jan'y 24th, 1793 6 William Kelly was Born December 2, 1802 4 Mary Kelly was Born June 19th, 1797 5 Jane Kelly was Born August 5th, 1800 7 Ruth Kelly was Born January 25, 1805 * * * * * Deaths John Kelley departed this life August the 16th, 1811, at Rhinebeck, a. 21 y, 4 D. Isaac Kelley departed this Life in Montreal on the 31st of May, 1819; aged 24-4-25 Robert Kelley departed this Life August the 8th, 1826; aged 70 y., 6 m., 22 days. Ruth Kelley departed this Life December the 4th, 1839; aged 34 y., 10 m., 10 d. Daniel R. Kelley Departed this life June the 28th, 1842; aged 49 y., 5 m., 4 d. Elisabeth Kelley departed this life March the 18th, 1845; aged 80 years, 2 months and 9 days. Nathaniel Southwick Departed this Life 1843; aged seventy-four 74 years. Jane, wife of Jonathan Gidley, Departed this life April 25th, 1853; aged fiftythree years, 20 D. 53 y., 20 days. Isabella Kelly died June 6th, 1879, aged 83-6-11, Washington, Dutchess County, New York

GRIFFITH FAMILY BIBLE The Holy Bible, Philadelphia. Printed and published by NI. Carey. 1815. The Bible was presented to the Adriance Memorial Library, Poughkeepsie, by Mrs. James Reynolds. FAMILY RECORD The Rev'd Dr. Robert Griffith, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was married to Elizabeth E., Daughter of William and Mary Pritchard, April 1st, 1817. Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Robert and Elizabeth Griffith, was born January 13th, 1818. Edward Jennings, Son of Robert Griffith and Elizabeth his Wife, was born November 12th, 1819. William Pritchard, Son of Robert Griffith and Elizabeth his Wife, was born January 11th, 1822. The Rev'd Dr. Robert Griffith, Son of Edward Griffith and Elizabeth his Wife, departed this life Sep't. 6, 1823. he left this world of Trouble with an assurance of a seat at God's right hand. 90

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Norvin Cole, Mrs. B. C. Collins, Mrs. John D. Colman, The Library, Columbia University; Mrs. George A. Colvin, Mr. Louis S. Colwell, Mr. Claude M. Conger, Mr. Peter F. Connolly, Miss Georgianna Conrow, Miss Barbara Corliss, Miss Mary Corliss, Mr. Martense Cornell, Mr. Peter M. Cornell, Mrs. Peter M. Cornell, Mr. Henry S. Corney, Mr. Ernest Croft, Mrs. Ernest Croft, Mr. Raymond G. Cross Mr. Lawrence B. Cummings. Mrs. Fred C. Daniels, Mrs. John H. Darrow, Mrs. Cheseborough Davison, Mr. Herbert V. Dederer, Mr. Willetts De Garmo, General John Ross Delafield, Mrs. John Ross Delafield, Miss Laura F. Delano, Mrs. Charles de la_ Vergne, Mr. Frank A. Denton, Mrs. Frank A. Denton, Miss Josephine Deuel, Mr. Samuel Deuel, Mrs. Samuel Deuel, Mrs. Harriet Martin Dey, John S. Dingman, M. D.; Mr. Lamont Dominick, Mrs. John W. Donaldson, Mrs. O. S. Donaldson, Miss Eloise Doty, Mr. Robert E. Doughty, Mr. Robert W. Doughty, Miss Effie Craig Douglas, Mrs. Vivian F. Downing, Mr. Clarence J. Drake, Miss C. Marguerite Drennen, Mr. William B. Duggan, Mr. Edwin K. Dusenbury, Miss Edith Dutcher, Mr. William A. Dutcher, Mrs. William A. Dutcher. Mr. Henry Eddy, Mrs. Thomas J. Ehleider, Mr. Ralph E. Eighmey, Mr. Edward W. Elsworth, Miss Ethel H. Elsworth, Miss Mary J. Elsworth, Mrs. Arthur Emrich, Mr. Joseph W. Emsley, Mr. Gifford C. Ewing. Mr. Stanley B. Finch, Mrs. Mapledoram Fink, Mr. Edward A. Fitch, The Hon. Hamilton Fish, Jr.; Mr. J. Gordon Flannery, Mrs. Austin Flint, Mr. M. Glenn Folger, Mrs. M. Glenn Folger, Mrs. George W. Foote, Mrs. George Forbes, Mrs. Alicia H. Forster, Mr. Edward S. Foster, Miss Lena N. Fowler, Mrs. Luis J. Francke, Jr., Mr. Allen Frost, Mr. Alvah G. Frost, Mr. Benson R. Frost, Mrs. Benson R. Frost. Mr. Frank L. Gardner, Mrs. Frank L. Gardner, Jr., Mrs. James E. Gardner, Mrs. John R. Gardner, Mr. Cornelius Garrison, The Genealogical Society of Utah, Miss Estelle Germiller, Mrs. Frank H. Gibson, Mrs. W. J. Godding, Miss Mary C. Goring, Mr. C. H. Gray, Mrs. C. H. Gray, Miss Bertha A. Green, Mrs. Seward T. Green, Mr. Frank Greene, Mrs. Frank Greene, Dr. Alice Gregory, Grinnell Library Association, Mr. John B. Grubb, Mrs. John B. Grubb, Mrs. W. W. Guenther, Miss Emmeline Guernsey. Mr. Henry T. Hackett, Mrs. Robert S. L. Hadden, Mrs. William M. Hadden, Miss Anna S. Haight, Miss Lida Haight, Mrs. Paul J. Haight, Mr. Selden H. Hall, Mrs. Selden H. Hall, Miss Alethea D. Halliday, Mr. George D. Halstead, Miss Ruth A. Halstead, Miss Alice T. Ham, Mrs. William Harris Hambleton, Mrs. Charles H. Hanford, Miss Louise FIdrdenbrook, Mrs. Bertrand J. Harder, Mrs. Harry G. Harper, James T. Hartington, M. D.; Mrs. J. A. Harris, 3rd; Mr. Frederick H. M. Hart, Mr. Herbert Hart, Mrs. Herbert Hart, Mr. Alfred Hasbrouck, Mrs. Louis P. -Hasbrouck, Mr. Paul D. Hasbrouck, Miss Edna Haver, Mr. Benjamin H. Haviland, Miss Caroline E.. Haviland, Mrs. Eugene D. Hawkins, Mr. Earle Hawley, Mr. Frederick Heaney, Mrs. Theodore Heeg, Mr. Radcliffe Heermance, Mrs. Arma Pearl Hewson, Miss: Clara L. Hey, Miss Mary C. Hicks, Mrs. Harry H. Hill, Miss Mary Hinkley,. Miss Rhoda Hinkley, Miss Edith F. Hitchcock, Mr. Robert Hoe, Mr. Charles A.. Hopkins, Mr. Francis J. Hopson, Miss Elizabeth Horsfall, Mrs. Mary R. Hover,. Howland Circulating Library, Mr. Lydig Hoyt, Mrs. A. Seaman Hunt, Jr.; Mrs. Thomas Hunt, Mrs. George S. Huntington, Mr. Robert P. Huntington. Mrs. Leon L. Jaminet, Miss Emily Johnston, Mrs. Charles Jones, Mrs. J. Addison Jones, Mrs. Theodore I. Jones, Mr. William H. Judson. Charles S. Keating, M. D.; Mrs. Charles S. Keating, Miss Annie .Hooker Keith, Mrs. James D. Keith, Mrs. Frank DeS. -Kelly, Mrs. Alexander M. Kennedy, Miss Helen Kenyon, Mr. T. Rae Kilbourne, Miss Elva Kingston, Miss. Cornelia D. Kinkead, The Rev. George B. Kinkead, Mr. J. Wallace Kitts, Mrs. George A. Knapp. Miss Elizabeth K. Lamont, Mr. Vernon Lamson, Mrs. Vernon Lamson„ 92

Charles E. Lane, M. D.; Mrs. David F. Lane, Mrs. John I. Lane, Mrs. Mary Reveley Leas, Miss Angelica Livingston, Mrs. Edwin K. Losee, Miss Mary Lucas, Mrs. W. W. Luckey, Mrs. Elting Lumb, Mrs. Raymond A. Lyons. Miss Dena Mabie, Miss Florence McCaleb, Mr. Charles L. McCann, Charles F. MacDonald, D. D. S.; Mr. John E. Mack, Miss Margaret E. Mack, Miss Charlotte McKinley, Mrs. H. A. McLaughlin, Mrs. W. J. McLaughlin, Mrs. Mark Maclay, Miss Louise McNair, Mr. Victor McQuade, Mrs. Reginald McVitty, Mr. T. Eugene Mahoney, Mrs. Timothy Mahoney, Miss Delia West Marble, Mrs. Lewis H. Marks, Miss Carolyn Mase, Edith Gardner Mead, M. D.; Mr. Charles A. Meade, Miss Elizabeth Meade, Mr. Gordon Mendelssohn, Mrs. Richmond Meyer, Mrs. Thomas P. Michaels, Miss Katherine Millard, The Millbrook Free Library, Mr. Stephen C. Millett, Jr.; Mrs. Edward K. Mills, Mr. Frank L. Minor, Miss Jean Earl Moehle, Mrs. Oscar Moehle, Mr. William F. Moehrke, Mrs. William F. Moehrke, Mr. Robert A. Monell, Mr. Frederick N. Morgan, Mr. Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Mrs. Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Mr. John J. Morrow, Mr. Joseph Morschauser, Mrs. Helen Morton, Mrs. Elizabeth Mount, Miss Kathleen Mulrein, Mr. Frank V. Mylod, Mrs. Frank V. Mylod, Mr. Philip A. Mylod, Thomas F. Mylod, M. D. • Mrs. John M. Nalle, Mrs. Henry B. Nichols, Mr. Harold Nestler, Mrs. George L. Nickerson, Mr. Edgar B. Nixon, Mrs. Donald E. Norton, Mr. Louis M. Nourse, Mr. Clifford J. Nuhn, Mrs. Clifford J. Nuhn. Miss Ida H. Ogilvie, Miss Florence W. Olivet, Miss Julia C. Olmsted, Mrs. J. Hunting Otis, The Rev. Cornelius H. Otto, Mr. Charles Overdorf, Mr. George Overocker, Miss Mary L. Overocker. Mr. Roland Palmer, Mrs. Cecil Parker, Mrs. Arthur A. Parks, Miss Jessie P. PeIton, Mr. S. V. Phillips, Mrs. Irving Picard, Mr. Conrad N. Pitcher, Mrs. Herman G. Place, Miss Anna M. Platt, Miss Louise B. Platt, Mrs. John H. Poit, Mr. Franklyn J. Poucher, Mrs. Franklyn J. Poucher, J. Wilson Poucher, M. D.; Mrs. William H. Pray, Mrs. H. W. Pulver. Miss S. Frances Rainey, Mr. William J. Reagan, Mr. George F. Reed, Mrs. Fred Holmes Rees, Mr. Albert Reese, Miss Margaret M. Reese, Mrs. Frank S. Reveley, Mrs. Harris S. Reynolds, Miss May L. Reynolds, Mrs. John E. Richardson, Miss Rebecca H. Rider, Mrs. Robert F. Ridgeway, Mrs. Frank Rieser, Mrs. Edward M. Riggs, Mrs. Elizabeth Ring, Mrs. William Ripking, Mrs. Harry Roake, Mrs. Charles D. Robinson, Mr. John B. Robinson, Mrs. John B. Robinson, Mrs. N. Otis Rockwood, The James Roosevelt Memorial Library, Mrs. J. Roosevelt Roosevelt, Mr. Everett Rowe, Mrs. Everett Rowe, Mrs. Frances R. Rundall, Mr. Edward A. Russell, Mr. Elijah T. Russell, Mr. Albert C. Rust, Mr. Allan A. Ryan, Mrs. H. Landon B. Ryder, Miss Elma .Rymph. Miss Elizabeth Sang, The Library, St. Lawrence University; Mrs. A. Allendorph Schoonmaker, Mrs. James 0. Schoonmaker, Mr. John R. Schwartz, Mrs. John R. Schwartz, Mr. Frank S. Sewell, Mr. Royal Shacklette, Mr. Leland H. Shaw, Mrs. Leland H. Shaw, Mr. Herbert C. Shears, Mrs. Herbert C. Shears, Mrs. Obed Sheldon, Mr. Albert B. Sherman, Mr. Louis Sherwood, Mr. Fred W. Shipman, Mr. Earl H. Sincerbox, Miss Anna Ward Sleight, C. Jonathan Slocum, M. D.; Mrs. Erwin Smith, Mr. Frederic A. Smith, Mrs. Frederic E. Smith, Mrs. Oscar Bloodgood Smith, Mr. Philip H. Waddell Smith, Mrs. Robert L. Smith, Scott Lord Smith, M. D.; Mrs. Scott Lord Smith, Mrs. Frank S. Snyder, Aaron Sobel, M. D.; Miss Jennie W. Southard, Miss Mildred D. Southwick, Mrs. Joel Spingarn, Mrs. William C. Sproul, Mr. Sumner Nash Spurling, Mrs. Sumner Nash Spurling, Mr. Hardy Steeholm, Mrs. Hardy Steeholm, Mr. Frederick S. Stevenson, Mr. Garret Storm, Mrs. Edward Barnes Stringham, Mrs. George L. Stringham, Mrs. Varick V. W. Stringham, Mr. Jacob H. Strong, Mrs. Jacob H. Strong, Mr. Jacob H. Strong, Jr.; Miss Margaret L. Suckley, Miss Barbara Swain, The Rev. Philip A. Swartz, Mrs. Albert A. Swift, Mrs. Theodore Van Kleeck Swift. 93

Mr. John Tartaro, Mr. Robert Parker Thomas, Miss C. Mildred Thompson, The Rev. Harold H. R. Thompson, Mr. George M. Thomson, Mr. OakLeigh Thorne, Mrs. Oakleigh Thorne, Mrs. Arthur R. Tiel, Mrs. William R. H. Todd, Mrs. Zilpha Todd, Miss Reta I. Tompkins, James J. Toomey, M. D.; Mr. Benjamin C. Tousey, Mrs. Joseph T. Tower, Howard Townsend, M. D.; Miss Albertina T. B. Traver, Mr. Charles Triller, Mx. Peter H. Troy, Mr.. Clarence D. Trussell, Mrs. Charles Tucker, Mrs. 0. S. Tyson. Elizabeth C. Underhill, M. D.; Miss Eleanor S. Upton, Miss Lucy Upton. Mr. Baltus B. Van Kleeck, Mrs. Baltus B. Van Kleeck, Mrs. Barnard D.. Van Kleeck, Mr. Charles M. van Kleeck, Mrs. Frank Van Kleeck, Mr. George S. Van Vliet, Miss Edith Van Wyck, Mrs. Edmund Van Wyck, Miss Jennie Van Wyck, Vassar College Library, Mrs. Amy Ver Nooy, Mr. Bayard Verplanck, Miss Anna M. Vincent, Mr. Thomas 0. Vincent, Mrs. Thomas 0. Vincent. Major George B. Waterman, Mrs. George B. Waterman, Mr. Ralph T. Waterman, Mr. Alfred J. Weddle, Jr.; Mrs. Nathaniel Weg, Mr. Jesse D. Wetsel, Major Morrison V. R. Weyant, Mrs. Morrison V. R. Weyant, Mr. Isaac Smith Wheaton, Mrs. Isaac Smith Wheaton, Mrs. Francis B. Whitcome,. Miss Louise VVhitcome, Mrs. Albert W. White, Miss Margaret Whitney, Mr. George Wiberley, Mrs. Gordon Wightman, Mrs. William H. Wilcox, Mr. John Wilkie, Miss Florence A. Williams, H. St. John Williams, M. D.; Miss. Maybelle Williams, Miss Ruth M. Williams, John S. Wilson, M. D.; Mrs. Virgil G. Winans, Mr. Jackson Wing, Mr. Morgan Wing, Mrs. John Winslow, Miss Katharine Wodell, Alice Stone Woolley, M. D.; Mrs. George D. Wright, Mr. Orville Ross Wright, Mrs. Orville Ross Wright, Mrs. Robert J. B. Wright, Mrs. Halsey P. Wyckoff. Miss Annette Young, Mrs. William H. Young. Mrs. Andrew C. Zabriskie, Mr. Christian A. Zabriskie.

INDEX TO VOLUMES 25-30 (1940-1945) Adams, Dr. John, v. 26, p. 79. Adriance, Charles Platt, v. 30, p. 27. Adriance, Mrs. I. Reynolds, v. 28, p. 12. Adriance, John, v. 30, pp. 24, 27. Adriance Memorial Library, v. 25, p. 13; v. 26, p. 14. Adsit, Moses Myers, v. 30, p. 26. Agriculture in the Town of Red Hook (article), v. 26, p. 101. Albany stages, 1787, v. 30, p. 82. Allen, Widow of John, v. 25, p. 45. Allen, family of William, v. 26, p. 36. Amenia, Presbyterian Churches in; v. 28, p. 34. Anderson, Mrs. R. W. K., v. 27, p. 17. Anderson, Mrs. Stuart R., v. 25, p. 11; v. 29, p. 17. Anti-slavery movement in Dutchess County, 1835-1850, (article), v. 28, p. 57. Apples grown in Dutchess County, 1822, v. 29, p. 67. Apples grown in Dutchess County, 1847, v. 29, p. 86. Armstrong, General John, (biographical sketch), v. 30, p. 71. Arnold, Anthony, v. 25, p. 63. Arnold, Miss Katharine I., v. 29, p. 9. Ashley, Dr. M. C., v. 30, p. 15. Aspbury, James, v. 25, p. 9. Astoria, founding of, v. 28, p. 81. Bailey, Samuel G., v. 30, p. 28. Bain, Ferdinand R., v. 29, p. 11; v. 30, p. 17. Baldwin, Charles Adams, v. 30, p. 22. Baldwin, James F., v. 26, p. 64; v. 27, p. 52; v. 28, p. 19. Baldwin, Miss Julia E., v. 30, p. 17. Ball, Albert, v. 30, p. 28. Ball, Charles, v. 30, p. 28. Bard, Dr. Samuel, v. 26, p. 87. Barker, Harry C., v. 26, p. 11. Barnard, Joseph Folger, (article), v. 28, p. 88. Barrett, Thomas W., v. 29, p. 9. Barringer, John F., v. 29, p. 9. Bartlett, Henry, v. 28, p. 12. Barton, William, v. 25, p. 63. Becker, Johannes, v. 25, p. 64. Bedford, John, v. 30, p. 26. Beekman, Henry, v. 25, p. 41. Bell, James C., v. 26, p. 33. Bell, Jesse, v. 27, p. 31. Bell, William, v. 26, p. 33. Beneway, Jacobus, v. 25, p. 45. Benson, Mrs. Hadley H., v. 25, p. 13. Berlin, Vermont; and its connection with Dutchess County, (article), v. 26, p. 65. Berry, Martin, v. 30, p. 14. Berry, Mrs. Martin, v. 30, p. 14. Bible records of Dutchess County families: Cornell family Bible, v. 29, p. 87. DuBois family Bible, v. 29, p. 91. Griffith family Bible, v. 30, p. 90. Henry Kelly's book, v. 30, p. 90. Lewis family Bible, v. 29, p. 93. Adaline Martin's book, v. 30, p. 89. Mory family Bible, v. 29, p. 88. 95

Etta Secor's book, v. 30, P. 89. Shepherd family Bible, v. 30, p. 88. Uhl family Bible, v. 30, p. 88. Family Bible of Joanna Livingston, wife of Pierre Van Cortlandt, v. 27, p. 71. Billings, Andrew, v. 28, p. 68; v. 30, pp. 23, 24, 28. (Article), v. 25, p. 30. Bishop, Mrs. John, Jr., v. 26, p. 12. Bissell, George Edwin, (article), v. 26, p. 69. Bloomvale, v. 25, p. 59. Bockee, Jacob, v. 26, p. 91. Boettiger, Mrs. Carl, v. 29, p. 11. Boettiger, Miss Catharine, v. 29, p. 11. Bogardus, family of Mrs. Elizabeth; v. 27, p. 114. Bogle, Ronald F., v. 25, p. 11; v. 30, pp. 10, 11, 14. Bolles, John, v. 25, p. 45. Boos, Mrs. Charles, v. 25, p. 11. Borden, Miss Fanny, v. 27, p. 52. Bosselyn, Antony, v. 25, p. 45. Bowdy, Moses, v. 30, pp. 43, 53. Bower, Mrs. Charles, v. 30, p. 17. Bower, Mrs. Jean H., v. 30, p. 11. Bowman, John M., v. 25, p. 77. Boyce, John W., v. 25, p. 13. • Boyden, Miss Florence E., v. 30, p. 10. Boyter, Daniel, v. 30, p. 30. Braley, Berton, v. 30, p. 78. Bread, assize of; 1799, v. 28, p. 42. Bridges in Dutchess County before 1755, v. 25, p. 64. Brill, Mrs. Jacob, v. 30, pp. 10, 13. Brill, Theodore Rogers, v. 30, p. 16. Brinckerhoff, The Rumbout Church, v. 28, p. 37. Britton, Mrs. James L., v. 28, p. 12. Bronck family, The homestead of; v. 25, p. 18. Brose, Mrs. Charles T., v. 27, p. 19. Brown, J. Adams, v. 26, p. 62. Brown & Field, v. 30, p. 30. Brownell, Elijah E., v. 27, p. 15. Browning, Mrs. Mary B., v. 29, p. 11. Bruce, Wallace, v. 26, p. 70. Buck, Clifford M., v. 30, p. 14. Buffinton, Mrs. 0. M., v. 29, p. 13. Burr, Aaron, v. 30, p. 51. Burton, Josiah, v. 30, p. 26. Bush, Mrs. John M., v. 30, p. 10. Cable, Matthew, v. 30, p. 26. Cable, Walter D., v. 30, p. 30. Caire pottery at Poughkeepsie, (article), v. 26, p. 73. Caldwell, Albert J., v. 25, p. 10. Camp Black, nurses sent to, (Sep. 4, 1898), v. 28, p. 100. Campbell, Archibald, v. 30, pp. 43, 47. Cane, John, v. 25, p. 45. Cantin, Eugene J., v. 29, p. 12. Capers, Mrs. Ellison H., v. 25, p. 11. Carpenter, Charles E., v. 28, p. 12. Carpenter, Samuel, v. 25, p. 63. Carrier's address,—a New Year's greeting, (article), v. 29, p. 44. 96

'Carriers' addresses, v. 27, pp. 96, 98. Carroll, Mrs. John T. v. 26, p. 13. -Cartwright, Mrs. Waiter A., v. 30, p. 14. Cary, Mrs. Edward F., v. 26, p. 14. Cary, Melbert B., Jr., v. 26, p. 11. Case, the Rev. Wheeler, v. 28, pp. 37, 39, 40. Causten, Joseph, v. 25, p. 63. Cemetery at East Park, v. 27, P. 45. Census of 1830, towns of Dutchess County, v. 27, P. 60. Chadwick, Thomas, v. 25, p. 45. Charters members, v. 26, p. 64. Chire, Frederick, v. 25, p. 45. Christ Church, Poughkeepsie, v. 26, p. 14. Cincinnati, Founding of the Society of the, (article), v. 28, p. 23. Civil administration in Dutchess County, Beginnings of, (article), v. 25, p. 41. Clinton, the Town of, (article), v. 26, p. 42. Cloth, premiums for manufacture of, in 1823; v. 28, p. 15. .Clum, Philip, v. 26, p. 17. Coffin, Alexander Hamilton, diary of; (article), v. 28, p. 43. Coffin, William, v. 25, p. 76. Collins, Patrick B., v. 25, pp. 79, 84. Collyer, Capt. Moses W., v. 27, p. 18. Colonial Presbyterian Churches in Dutchess County, (article), v. 28, p. 34. Committee on conservation of cultural resources, open letter, v. 27, p. 51. Conger, Claude M., v. 26, p. 14. Conklin, John, v. 27, p. 42. Connolly, Peter F., v. 26, p. 14. Conover, the Rev. Earle V., v. 26, p. 14. Cook, Harry, v. 30, p. 30. Cooke, Dr. Samuel, v. 26, p. 80. Cookingham, George W., v. 25, p. 77. Cool, Frans, v. 25, p. 46. Cooper, family of James, v. 27, p. 113. Cooper, John I., v. 25, p. 74. Cooper, family of Samuel, v. 27, p. 115. Corey, Dr. Albert B., v. 29, pp. 12, 17, 18. Corliss, Barbara, v. 28, p. 14. (Contributor), v. 30, p. 75. Cornelius, Petrus, v. 25, p. 46. Cornell, Peter M., v. 30, p. 18. Cornell, Mrs. Peter M., v. 30, p. 18. Cornell family Bible records, v. 29, p. 87. Corney, Mrs. Henry S., v. 28, p. 12. Coughlan, Emmet P., v. 27, p. 15. Coughlan, Mrs. Emmet P., v. 29, p. 13. Courtney, Mrs. John W., v. 25, p. 11. Crary, family of the Rev. Robert F., v. 28, p. 70. 'Creamer, George, v. 30, p. 31. 'Creed, Augustine, v. 25, pp. 46, 49, 60. Crego, Josias, v. 25, pp. 46, 49. Crego, Stephen, v. 25, p. 46. Croft, Ernest, v. 30*, p. 18. Croft, Mrs. Ernest, v. 30, p. 18. Crooke, Charles, v. 25, p. 64. Cross, Raymond G., v. 30, p. 14. Crum Elbow Meeting, v. 27, p. 34. Cutten, George B., (contributor), v. 30, p. 23. Crystal Spring, Poughkeepsie, v. 26, p. 87. 97

Culver, James, v. 27, p. 33. Culver, John, v. 27, p. 33. Cummins, Dr. Alexander G., v. 26, p. 14. Daniels, Mrs. Helen G., v. 28, p. 13. Darrow, Mrs. John H., v. 26, p. 64. Daughton, Joseph A., v. 25, p. 11. Dean, Mrs. Robert, v. 25, p. 11. DeBroner, Dr. Ferdinand, v. 26, p. 80. DeCantillon's Landing, (article), v. 25, p. 77. Dederer, Herbert V., v. 28, p. 14; v. 30, p. 22. DeDuytscher, Derick, v. 25, pp. 58, 59. DeGaris, Mrs. Arthur, v. 25, p. 11. DeGarmo, Peter, v. 27, p. 33. DeGarmo, Mr. and Mrs. Willetts, v. 30, pp. 18, 22. Delafield, General John Ross, v. 26, pp. 12, 13, 18; v. 30, p. 14. (Contributor), v. 26, p. 23. de la Mater, Isaac, v. 25, p. 63. Delancey, family of Warren, v. 27, p. 115. Delano, Lyman, v. 29, p. 13. De La Vergne, Charles M., v. 28, P. 13; v. 30, pp. 15, 17. De La Vergne, Nicholas, v. 25, p. 42. Dentist, first mention in Poughkeepsie, v. 26, p. 82. Derby, Charles F., v. 26, p. 13. DeRiemer, Peter, v. 25, p. 79. Deuel, Samuel, v. 29, p. 11. Devine, Wright, v. 26, p. 62. Diary of farming affairs, weather, etc., of Alexander Hamilton Coffin, (article), v° 28, p. 43. Dingman, Gradus, v. 25, p. 46. Dingman, Dr. John H., v. 28, p. 13. Doughty, Joseph, v. 25, p. 72. Downing, Andrew Jackson, v. 26, p. 34. Dows, Olin, v. 26, p. 11; v. 27, pp. 13, 17; v. 30, pp. 14, 22. (Contributor), v. 27, p. 24. Drennen, Miss C. Marguerite, v. 27, p. 19; v. 30, p. 22. Drew, Oliver H., v. 25, p. 77. DuBois, Cornelius, v. 27, p. 55. DuBois, Matthew, v. 25, p. 42. Dubois family Bible records, v. 29, p. 91. ducoloh, Dr., v. 26, p. 79. Du Mond, Professor E. B., v. 26, p. 64. Du Rocher, Mrs. Linus, v. 30, p. 9. Dutcher, Beldin, v. 29, pp. 12, 14. Dutcher, Miss Edith, v. 28, p. 14. Dutchess County, Prosperity of; about 1830, v. 27, p. 58. Dutchess County Agricultural Society, v. 25, p. 13; v. 26, p. 14. List of some members in 1853, v. 27, p. 55. Dutchess County and her neighbors before 1800, (article), v. 29, p. 76. Dutchess County Historical Society, founding of, (article), v. 26, p. 62. Dutchess County men, (articles) : Joseph Folger Barnard, v. 28, p. 88; Benson John Lossing, v. 30, p. 83; Admiral John Lorimer Worden, v. 28, p. 92. Dutchess County men of the Revolutionary period, (articles) : Major Andrew Billings, v. 25, p. 30; James Livingston and some of his descendants, v. 28, p. 67; Judge Robert R. Livingston, his sons and sons-in-law, v. 30, p. 54; 98

Colonel Henry Ludington and his daughter Sybil, v. 30, p. 75; Zephaniah Platt, v. 29, P. 51; Colonel Frederick Weissenfels, v. 27, p. 74. Dutchess County Tories of the Revolutionary period, (article), v. 29, p. 68. DUTCHESS, U. S. S.; gift from, v. 30, pp. 9, 12. Presentation of map to, v. 30, pp. 10, 13. Dwight, Timothy, v. 27, p. 90. East Park, v. 27, p. 35. Eddy, Henry, v. 29, p. 11. Edward, John, v. 25, p. 46. Edwards, the Rev. Walter A., v. 25, p. 11. Eecker, David, v. 25, p. 46. Elsworth, Miss Mary J., v. 26, p. 9. Emott, James; and some of his Dutchess County descendants, (article), v. 25, p. 36. Emott, William, v. 28, p. 11. Estabrook, Miss Lillian 0., v. 25, p. 12. Evertson, George B., v. 25, p. 73. Every, Nehemiah, v. 25, p. 46. Farrington, Walter, v. 26, p. 62. Field, John, v. 30, p. 31. Fields, Peter, v. 30, p. 26. Filkin family, v. 25, p. 68. Filkintown, (article), v. 25, p. 65. Fitch, Edward A., v. 26, p. 33. Fitch, Mr. and Mrs. Edward A., v. 26, pp. 13, 14, 17, 18. Fitch, S. Hedding, v. 26, p. 34. Flagler, Harry Harkness, v. 28, p. 9; v. 29, p. 14. Flagler, Mrs. Harry Harkness, v. 25, p. 11; v. 29, p. 17. Flax raised in Dutchess County, v. 29, p. 75. Floating bookstore, 1824, v. 28, p. 66. Folklorist looks at the historians, The, (article), v. 28, p. 30. Forman, Dr. William, v. 26, p. 80. Forrestal, Mrs. James, v. 25, p. 80. Forster, Mrs. Alicia H., v. 30, p. 11. Fox, Samuel M.' v. 26, p. 33. Francke Mrs. Luis J., Jr., v. 30, p. °18. Frear, John B., v. 30, p. 31. Freer, Abraham, v. 25, pp. 49, 50, 60. Frost, Alvah G., v. 28, p. 11. Frost, Benson R., v. 25, p. 13; v. 27, p. 14. Frozen food, sent to John Quincy Adams, 1823, v. 28, p. 56. Garrettson, the Rev. Freeborn, (biographical sketch), v. 30, p. 68. Garrison, Cornelius, v. 29, p. 11. Garrison, Mrs. Frances B., v. 29, p. 9. Gay, John, v. 25, pp. 46, 49; v. 27, p. 45. Gazeley, John, v. 25, p. 63. Germiller, Miss Estelle, v. 29, p. 10. Germond, Isaac, v. 25, pp. 47, 49. Germond, Isaac, Jur., v. 25, p. 49. Gildersleeve, family of Henry, v. 26, p. 48. Gilmore, Miss Edna J., v. 25, p. 13. Glass, Schenck, v. 30, p. 31. Gleason, the Hon. Daniel H., v. 27, p. 15. Goring, Mrs. John M., v. 26, pp. 9, 11. 99

Graham, the Rev. Chauncey, v. 26, p. 66; v. 28, pp. 38, 39. Gray, Dean Harold C., v. 26, p. 12. Gray, Mrs. Harold C., v. 26, p. 12. Green, Miss Bertha A., v. 26, p. 14. Green, Jennie T., (contributor), v. 29, p. 56; v. 30, p. 42. Green, John, v. 25, pp. 79, 84. Green, family of Joseph, v. 27, p. 120. Green, Oliver, v. 25, pp. 79, 84. Green, Seward T., v. 26, p. 11. Green, Mrs. Seward T., v. 28, pp. 15, 97; v. 30, pp. 14, 15, 17. Griffith, William, v. 30, p. 26. Griffith family Bible records, v. 30, p. 90. Grove, Mrs. Elsa B., v. 25, p. 11. Guernsey, Raymond G., v. 26, p. 12; v. 27, p. 17. (Biographical sketch), v. 27, p. 11. (Contributor), v. 29, p. 17; v. 30, p. 22. Guenther, Mrs. W. W., v. 28, p. 14. Hackett, Henry T., v. 25, p. 11; v. 30, pp. 10, 15, 21. Hadsell, Mrs. G. A., v. 25, p. 12. Halliwell, George, v. 30, p. 32. Halliwell, George William, v. 30, p. 32. Halloway, Ransom, v. 30; pp. 51, 53. Halstead, Ruth A., (contributor), v. 28, p. 43. Ham, George Conrad, v. 29, p. 13. Hanford, Mrs. Charles H., v. 25, p. 13. Harder, Mrs. B. F., v. 30, p. 12. Harper, Mrs. Harry G., v. 28, p. 14. Harris, Mrs. Clarence, v. 27, p. 18. Hasbrouck, Alfred, v. 26, p. 14; v. 30, p. 22. Hasbrouck, the Hon. Gilbert D. B., v. 27, p. 18. Hasbrouck, Mrs. Louis P., v. 26, p. 64. Hasbrouck, Ross, v. 25, p. 9. Haver, Miss Edna, v. 27, p. 19. Haviland, Barclay, v. 27, p. 55. Haviland, Benjamin H., v. 27, p. 17; v. 30, p. 14. (Contributor), v. 27, p. 29. Haviland, Miss Caroline, v. 27, p. 55; v. 29, p. 13. Haviland, Eleazer, v. 29, p. 12. Hayes, Charles B., v. 30, p. 32. Hayes, Edmund M., v. 30, p. 32. Hayes, Peter P., v. 30, p. 33. Hayman, William, v. 30, p. 26. Hazard, Rowland, v. 25, p. 75. Hazard, William, v. 25, p. 76. Hebard, John J., v. 30, p. 33. Heeg, Mrs. Theodore, v. 26, p. 14. Hegeman, Frans, v. 25, pp. 46, 49. Henderson, Adam, v. 30, p. 33. Hepworth, Mrs. John T., v. 25, p. 11. Herrick, Frank, v. 25, p. 11. Herrick family of Hyde Park, v. 27, p. 39. Herris, Joseph, v. 25, p. 47. Hewson, Mrs. Anna Pearl, v. 29, p. 10. Hey, Miss Clara F., v. 29, p. 10. Hibernia Mills, (article), v. 25, p. 70. Hicks, Joseph, v. 25, p. 63. Hill, the Rev. William Bancroft, v. 30, p. 13. 100

Hill, The, (article), v. 26, p. 23. Hincksman, Doctor, v. 26, P. 80. Historical Society,—its relationship to school and community; The, (article), v. 29, p. 20. Hoag, Mrs. F. Philip, v. 30, p. 14. Hoespell, Dr. Hendrick, v. 26, p. 79. Hoff, Jacob, v. 25, pp. 47, 49, 63. Hoff, Lowrence, v. 25, pp. 47, 49. Hoffman, Martin, v. 25, p. 42. Hooker & Morgan, v. 30, p. 26. Hosmer genealogy, received as gift, v. 30, p. 12. Hotchkiss, Alva, v. 30, p. 26. Howard, Frank B., v. 26, p. 64; v. 30, p. 17. Howland Circulating Library, v. 30, pp. 15, 18. Huff, Jacob, v. 25, p. 63. Hughes, James, v. 25, p. 72. Huntington, Mrs. George S., v. 26, p. 14. Huntington, Mrs. Robert P., v. 27, p. 19. Husted, Chester, v. 25, p. 11; v. 26, pp. 62, 63, 64; v. 30, p. 10. Resolution on Death, v. 30, p. 13. Hutchins, Susan Curtis, v. 26, p. 13. Hyde Park, An account of the eastern and southeastern portions of the town of, (article), v. 27, p. 29. Hyde Park, Murals in the post office at, (article), v. 27, p. 24. Illustrations: Carrier's New-Year's address to the patrons of The Poughkeepsie Journal, January 1st. 1811, v. 29, opp. p. 49; Examples of the products of the Caire pottery at Poughkeepsie, New York, v. 26, opp. p. 76; Marks used by Poughkeepsie silversmiths, v. 30, opp. p. 24; Replica in bronze . . . of statue of Abraham Lincoln, by George E. Bissell, v. 26, opp. p. 72; Silver teapot made by Andrew Billings of Poughkeepsie, v. 25, opp. p. 32; Portrait, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, v. 30, opp. p. 20; Portrait, Helen Wilkinson Reynolds, v. 28, opp. p. 18; Portrait, Lieutenant Jonathan Thorn, U. S. N., v. 28, opp. p. 28; View of Dover Plains, Dutchess County, New York; painted by Asher B. Durand; engraved by James Smillie; v. 26, opp. p. 68; View of Jefferson street, Poughkeepsie, New York, in 1878, by James D. Smillie, v. 26, opp. p. 70; West Point, as sketched by Henry Livingston, Jr., at the close of the Revolutionary War, v. 27, opp. p. 100. Index to volumes 25-30, (1940-1945), Dutchess County Historical Society year books, v. 30, P. 95. Inventory of estate of Catharine Livingston Reade, 1830, v. 27, p. 62. Ironworks, Dunham's, v. 25, P. 62. Ironworks, Skinner's, v. 25, p. 62. Irwin, Robert, v. 25, p. 71. Jaminet, Mrs. Leon L., v. 28, P. 14. Jamison, David, v. 26, P. 44. Janes, Mrs. John M., v. 30, P. 17. Jennings, Solomon G., v. 30, p. 26. Jensen, the Rev. Christian B., v. 25, P. 11. Johnson, Dirick, v. 25, P. 47.' Johnson, Dirick, Jur., v. 25, P. 47. Johnson, Helen Lossing, v. 30, p. 87. 101

Johnson, Sir William, v. 27, p. 47. Johnson of the Mohawks, a British pro-consul in America, (article), v. 27, p. 47. Jones, Mrs. Charles, v. 25, p. 13. Jones, family of Daniel, v. 27, pp. 112, 114. Jones, Dr. J. Addison, v. 26, p. 14. Jones, Dr. Louis C., v. 28, p. 15. (Contributor), v. 28, p. 30. Jones, Mrs. Theodore I., v. 26, p. 14. Jones, Thomas L., v. 30, p. 26. Jones, family of Zophar, v. 27, pp. 112, 114. Judges in Dutchess County, (1721-1776), list of, v. 25, p. 41. Judson, William H., v. 26, p. 64. Kearsing, John, v. 30, p. 34. Kelly, Henry; his book, v. 30, p. 90. Kingston, Miss Elva M., v. 29, p. 10. Kip, Hendrick, v. 25, p. 64. Knapp, Beverly, v. 27, p. 122. Kovacs, Edward J., v. 25, p. 13. Krieger, Mrs. George W., v. 29, p. 11; v. 30, p. 17. Krieger, Dr. William A., v. 29, p. 10. Lamson, Vernon, v. 25, p. 9. Lamson, Mrs. Vernon, v. 25, p. 9. Langdon, Mrs. Woodbury G., v. 26, p. 13. Lasher, Mrs. Irving, v. 26, p. 14-. Lawlor, Thomas F., v. 26, p. 11. Leach, family of Daniel, v. 27, pp. 121, 122. Leas, Mrs. Mary Reveley, v. 29, p. 10. Lee, Dr. John, v. 26, p. 80. LeRoy, Dr. Irving D., v. 26, p. 62. LeRoy, Jacob, v. 26, p. 33. Lester, Mordecai, v. 25, pp. 59, 63. Lewis, Gerardus, v. 25, p. 47. Lewis, the Rev. Dr. John N., v. 25, p. 11. Lewis, Jonathan, v. 30, p. 34. Lewis, Leonard, v. 25, p. 41. Lewis, Governor Morgan, (biographical sketch), v. 30, p. 68. Lewis family Bible records, v. 29, p. 93. Limeburner, Mrs. Carrie R., v. 29, p. 9. Little Nine Partners Patent, v. 25, p. 51. Livingston, Alida, v. 30, p. 73. Livingston, Catharine, v. 30, p. 68. Livingston, Edward, (biographical sketch), v. 30, p. 63. Livingston, Gertrude, v. 30, p. 69. Livingston, family of Gilbert, v. 25, p. 27; v. 27, p. 72. Livingston, family of Gilbert James, v. 28, p. 75. Livingston, Helen, v. 27, p. 94. Livingston, Henry, Jr., v. 29, p. 46. Editorial notes on the writings of, (article), v. 27, p. 85. Livingston, Henry Beekman, (biographical sketch), v. 30, p. 59. Livingston, Henry Walter, v. 26, p. 23. Biographical sketch, v. 26, p. 37. Livingston, James; and some of his descendants, (article), v. 28, P. 6. . Livingston, Janet, v. 30, p. 65. Livingston, Joanna, (wife of Pierre Van Cortlandt), v. 27, p. 94. Family Bible records, v. 27, p. 71. 102

Livingston, Joanna, (wife of Peter Robert Livingston), v. 30, P. 70. Livingston, John R., (biographical sketch), v. 30, p. 62. Livingston, Margaret, v. 30. p. 67. Livingston, Lady Mary, v. 26, p. 28. Will of, v. 26, p. 38. Livingston, Peter Robert, (biographical sketch), v. 30, p. 70. Livingston, Robert Gilbert, v: 25, p. 79. Livingston, Judge Robert R.; his sons and sons-in-law, (article), v. 30, p. 54. Livingston, Robert R. (the Chancellor), (biographical sketch), v. 30, p. 55. Losee, Oliver, v. 25, p. 75. Lossing, Benson John, v. 30, p. 35. (Article), v. 30, p. 83. Lovvn, Miss Jennie, v. 25, p. 12. Lucas, Miss Mary, v. 29, p. 11, Ludington, Colonel Henry and his daughter, Sybil, (article), v. 30, p. 75. Memoir, received as gift, v. 30, p. 16. Ludington, Sybil, v. 30, p. 75. Lumb, Mrs. Elting, v. 28, p. 13. Lyons, Mrs. Raymond B., v. 25, p. 11. Mabie, Miss Dena, v. 28, p. 14. MacDonald, Dr. Charles F., v. 30, p. 22. McGregory, Alexander, v. 25, p. 47. 1VIacIntyre, Miss Margaret, v. 30, p. 17. MacKenzie, Mrs. David Hugh, v. 30, p. 17. McKinley, Miss Charlotte, v. 25, p. 9. Maclay, Alfred B., v. 29, p. 13. McQuade, Victor J., v. 27, p. 17. Magill, H. N. W., v. 26, p. 62. Mahoney, T. Eugene, v. 30, p. 22. Maison, Peter R., v. 30, p. 39. Maloney, Richard J., v. 25, p. 11. Manning family of Hyde Park, v. 27, p. 38. Marble, Miss Delia 'West, v. 26, p. 14. Marks, Dr. Isaac, v. 26, p. 79. Marshall, Israel, v. 25, p. 80. Martin, Adaline, her book, v. 30, p. 89. Maryon, M., v. 30, p. 26. Masonic lodge in the town of Clinton, v. 26, p. 55. Matthews, Alberta, v. 30, p. 13. Medicine in Dutchess County in the eighteenth century, Physicians and; (article), v. 26, p. 78. Meeks, Harry Edgar, v. 27, p. 15. Members of the society in military service, v. 30, pp. 9, 22. Membership list, 1945, v. 30, p. 91. Merritt, Abraham, v. 25., p. 67. Merritt, Stephen H, v. 25, p. 67. Mesier, family of Peter A., v. 27, pp. 112, 113. Michaels, Mrs. Thomas P., v. 28, p. 14. Millard, Miss Katherine, v. 30, p. 18. Miller, Doctor, v. 26, p. 80. Mills, Mrs. Edward K., v. 25, p. 10. Mills in Dutchess County before 1762, v. 25, pp. 63, 70. Minor, Frank L., v. 29, p. 11. Minutes of meetings, 1940, v. 25, p. 9; 1941, v. 26, p. 9; 1942, v. 27, p. 13; 1943, v. 28, p. 9; 1944, v. 29, p. 9; 1945, v. 30, p. 9. Mitchell, Charles S., v. 28, p. 14. Moehle, Miss Jean Earl, v. 26, p. 14. 103

Moehle, Mrs. Oscar, v. 26, p. 14. Moehrke, William F., v. 29, p. 10. Moehrke, Mrs. -William F., v. 29, P. 10. Monell, Robert, v. 27, p. 14. Monfoort, family of Stephen G., v. 27, p. 114. MONITOR and the MERRIMAC, The, v. 28, p. 92. Montgomery, Richard, (biographical sketch), v. 30, p. 64. Morgan, Elijah, Jr.' v. 30, p. 35. Morgan, Frederick N., v. 26, p. 64. Morgan, William S., v. 30, pp. 26, 36. Morgan & Kennedy, v. 30, p. 36. Morgenthau, Henry N., Jr., v. 26, p. 64. Morrow, John J., v. 26, p. 14; v. 30, p. 22. Mory family Bible records, v. 29, p. 88. Mott, Henry, v. 25, p. 82. Mount, Mrs. Elizabeth, v. 28, p. 10. Mud City, v. 27, p. 35. Murals in the post offices at Rhinebeck and Hyde Park, Dutchess County, (article), v. 27, p. 24. Myers, Henry, v. 29, p. 9. Myers, the Rev. J. Benjamin, v. 26, p. 14. Mylod, Frank V., v. 30, pp. 10, 11, 21. Mynderse, William T. B., v. 26, pp. 17, 18. Nalle, Mrs. John H., v. 26, p. 14. Nase, Hendrick, v. 25, p. 47. Negro in Dutchess County in the eighteenth century, The, (article), v. 26, p. 89. Negroes in Dutchess County, v. 28, p. 57. Nelson, Mrs. Horatio, v. 28, p. 12. Nelson family in Hyde Park, v. 27, p. 30. Nestler, Harold, v. 30, pp. 18, 22. Neumann, Mrs. Theodore, v. 25, P. 11. New Ball-town Hotel, v. 26, p. 82. Newberger, Doct., v. 26, p. 80. Newbold, Thomas, v. 26, P. 64. Newitt, John, v. 25, pp. 71, 72. Nichols, Mrs. Henry B., v. 26, p. 14. Nine Partners Patent, v. 25, p. 65. Early roads on, (article), v. 25, P. 56. First settlers on, (article), v. 25, p. 43. Nixon, Edgar B., v. 28, p. 14. Norton, Mrs. Donald, v. 29, p. 10. Nuhn, Clifford J., v. 30, p. 14. Nuhn, Mrs. Clifford J., v. 30, p. 14. Nurses in the United States Army, The first trained, (article), v. 28, p. 98. Nursing, Something about trained, (article), v. 25. p. 88. Oblong meeting, Quaker Hill, (list of members, 1761), v. 29, P. 63. Officers of the society, each volume, P. 4. Ogilvie, Miss Ida H., v. 26, p. 14. Olmsted, Miss Julia, v. 26, P. 64. Osborn, Dr. Cornelius, v. 26, pp. 67, 80. Ostrom, Jan., v. 25, pp. 47, 49. Ostrom, Rollef, v. 25, pp. 47, 49. Otis, J. Hunting, v. 28, p. 13; v. 30, p. 11. Otis, Mrs. J. Hunting, v. 27, p. 17. Otto, the Rev. Cornelius, v. 30, p. 14. Our President says:, v. 29, P. 17; v. 30, p. 22. 104

Overocker, the Hon. George, v. 26, P. 64. Painting, Early American, (article), v. 27, p. 105. Palmer, Peter, v. 25, p. 66. Pardee, Enoch, v. 30, p. 26. Parkinson, John, v. 25, p. 79. Pawling, Some history and some traditions of, (article) ; Part 1, v. 29, p. 56; Part 2, v. 30, p. 42. Pearsall, Gilbert Titus, v. 29, p. 11. My kind physician, (article), v. 29, p. 25. The general store at Salt Point, (article), v. 29, p. 33. Peckham, Dr. A. L., v. 26, p. 64; v. 28, p. 14. Peckham, Mrs. A. L., v. 30, p. 17. Philip, James, v. 30, p. 36. Physicians and medicine in Dutchess County in the eighteenth century, (article), v. 26, p. 78. Picard, Mrs. Irving, v. 30, p. 10. Pilgrimage, 1940, v. 25, p. 16; 1941, v. 26, p. 17. Decision to omit, v. 27, pp. 23, 53. Pinckney, 0. C., v. 25, p. 12. Pittsburg Church at Washington Hollow, v. 28, p. 36. Platt, Zephaniah, (article), v. 29, p. 51. Pleasant Valley Presbyterian Church, v. 28, p. 36. Plum, Miss Dorothy, v. 27, p. 52. Poelschner, Paul, v. 26, p. 17. Pork, a great crop in 1820, v. 28, p. 91. Pork sent to New York, 1830, v. 27, p. 60. Post, Charles Gordon, v. 25, p. 10. Pottery at Poughkeepsie, The Caire, (article), v. 26, p. 73. Potts, Dr. Pigott, v. 26, p. 79. Poucher, Franklyn J., v. 27, p. 17; v. 30, pp. 10, 14. Poudher, J. Wilson, v. 26, p. 63; v. 27, pp. 14, 17; (Contributor), v. 25, pp. 26, 30, 36, 51, 86, 88; v. 26 pp. 68, 73; v. 27, pp. 65, 74; v. 28, pp. 19, 67, 88, 92, 98; v. 29, pp. 51, 68, 76; v. 30, pp. 54, 75. Gift of books received from, v. 30, p. 10. Poucher, John, v. 30, p. 14. Poughkeepsie map of 1874 received, v. 30, p. 16. Poughkeepsie village improvements, 1830, v. 27, p. 61. Poughkeepsie's water supply, (article), v. 27, p. 65. Pound, Arthur, v. 27, p. 20. (Contributor), v. 27, p. 47. Power, Henry, v. 30, p. 36. Power, Henry R., v. 30, pp. 24, 37. Power, Nicholas, v. 30, p. 24. Presbyterian Churches in Dutchess County; Colonial, (article), v. 28, p. 34. President's cottage, Hyde Park, The, v. 27, p. 17. Pritchard, James, v. 30, p. 37. Publications of the society, each volume, P. 8. Putnam, Jonathan, v. 30, p. 26. Quaker Hill, v. 29, p. 58. Radcliffe, John, v. 25, pp. 79, 82. Raymcind, Miss Cornelia, v. 25, p. 10. Reade, Mrs. John, v. 27, p. 58. Red Hook, Agriculture in the town of, (article), v. 26, p. 101. Reed, Eli, v. 30, pp. 23, 38. 105

Reed, George F., v. 25, p. 13. Rees, Mrs. Fred Holmes, v. 30, p. 14. Reese, Willis L. M., v. 27, p. 19; v. 28, p. 10; v. 30, pp. 14-, 22. Reese, W. Willis, v. 27, pp. 16, 112. Bequest, v. 28, pp. 9, 16. (Contributor), v. 27, p. 71. Estate of, v. 29, pp. 13, 17. In Memoriam, v. 27, p. 9. Resolution on death of, v. 27, p. 16. Reformed Dutch Church, Fishkill, v. 25, p. .13; v. 26, p. 14. Reformed Dutch Church, Poughkeepsie, v. 25, p. 13; v. 26, p. 14. Relye, David, v. 25, p. 48. Relye, Simon, v. 25, p. 4-8. Reutershan, Max, v. 30, p. 14. Revolutionary soldiers buried at Quaker Hill, v. 29, p. 62. Reynderse, Johannis, v. 25, p. 48. Reynolds, Augustus, v. 30, p. 13. Reynolds, Mrs. Harris S. v. 25, p. 11. Reynolds, Miss Helen IV., v. 26, p. 64; v. 27, pp. 14, 17; v. 28, pp. 9, 12. Appreciation of, v. 28, p. 19. Contributor, v. 25, pp. 41, 43, 56, 65, 70, 77; v. 26, pp. 65, 68, 71, 78, 89; v. 27, pp. 53, 58, 85. Memorial fund, v. 29, pp. 11, 13, 16, 17; v. 30, pp. 17, 19, 20. Resolution on death of, v. 28, p. 18. Reynolds, Nehemiah, v. 25, p. 66. Rhinebeck, Murals in post office at, (article), v. 27, p. 24. Ridgeway, Mrs. Robert F., v. 27, p. 17. Riedinger & Caire, v. 26, P. 74. Riggs, Mrs. Edward M., v. 30, p. 18. Ring, Mrs. Elizabeth, v. 30, p. 18. Roads on Nine Partners Patent, Early, (article), v. 25, p. 56. Roake, Mrs. Harry, v. 27, p. 112. Roard, William, v. 25, p. 50. Robinson, Beverly, v. 25, p. 42. Rockwell, Mr., v. 30, pp. 23, 38. Rockwell, Dr. Noah, v. 26, p. 79. Rockwood, Mrs. N. Otis, v. 26, p. 14. Rogers, Henry W., v. 25, p. 11. Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, v. 26, p. 64; v. 30, pp. 10, 13, 20. Resolution on death of, v. 30, p. 21. Roosevelt, Mrs. James. v. 26, p. 13. Row, Johannis, v. 25, p. 48. Row, Michiel, v. 25, p. 48. Row, Nicklas, v. 25, pp. 48, 49. Ruard, Hendrick, v. 25, pp. 50, 65. Rumbout Presbyterian Church, Brinckerhoff, v. 28, p. 37. Ryan, Allan A., v. 30, p. 22. Rymph, Carlton L., v. 30, p. 9. Rymph, Mrs. Carlton L., v. 30, p. 9. Rymph, Ernest A., v. 30, p. 9. Rymph, Mrs. Ernest A., v. 30, p. 9. Rymph, Harvey J., v. 30, p. 9. Rymph, Mrs. Harvey J., v. 30, p. 9. Rymph, James Budd, v. 30, p. 9. Rymph, Mrs. James Budd, v. 30, p. 9. Sackett, John, v. 25, p. 48. Sackett, Dr. John, v. 26, p. 79. 106

Weddle, Alfred J., Jr., v. 28, P. 10. Weg, Mrs. Nathaniel, v. 26, p. 14. Weissenfels, Colonel Frederick (article), v. 27, p. 74. Weneger, Gerret, v. 25, p. 48. Wetmore, family of Abraham, v. 27, p. 115. Wheaton, Isaac Smith, v. 26, pp. 71, 72. Whitcome, the Rev. Francis B., v. 29, p. 10. Whitehead, James E., v. 27, p. 14. Whiting, Spencer, v. 30, p. 26. Wightman, Mrs. Gordon, v. 26, p. 12; v. 29, p. 14. Williams, Miss Florence A., v. 25, p. 13. Williams, Miss Maybelle, v. 26, p. 14. Williams, Paul T., V. 29, pp. 14, 17. (Contributor), v. 29, p. 20. Williams, Miss Ruth, v. 26, p. 14. Williamsburg, Virginia, Eighteenth century life in, (film), v. 30, pp. 14, 22. Wilson, Alexander R., v. 26, p. 13. Wilson, Miss Ann Hulme, v. 26, pp. 17, 18, 87. Wilson, Mr. and Mrs. Harold, v. 26, pp. 17, 18. Wilson, James, v. 30, pp. 24, 41. Wilson, Miss Jane Livingston, v. 26, pp. 13, 17, 18, 87. (Contributor), v. 26, p. 19. Wilson, Jemes, v. 25, p. 49. Wilson, Dr. John S., v. 26, p. 64. Wilson, Dr. William, v. 26, pp. 18, 87. Wimbrand, Derick, v. 25, p. 49. Wing, Jackson, v. 25, p. 11. Wing, Phineas, v. 30, p. 41. Wing, Shedric, v. 25, p. 75. Wiser, Frederick, v. 25, p. 49. Wodell, Miss Katharine, v. 25, p. 66. Wodell, Silas, v. 25, pp. 66, 67; V. 26, p. 64. Women's City Missionary Society, v. 26, p. 14. Wood, Miss Alice M., v. 28, p. 12. Wood, Humphrey, v. 25, p. 79. Wood, family of James, v. 27, p. 115. Wood, Samuel, v. 25, p. 72. Woodcock, Isaack, v. 25, p. 49. Wool, A large crop of; 1820, v. 30, p. 87. Worden, Admiral John Lorimer, (article), v. 28, p. 92. Worrall, Mrs. George, v. 29, p. 10. Wright, Mrs. George D., v. 29, p. 14. Young, Dr., v. 26, p. 80. Zabriskie, Andrew C., v. 25, p. 11.

110

Treasurer's reports, 1940, v. 25, pp. 14-15; 1941, v. 26, pp. 15-16; 1942, v. 27, pp. 21-22; 1943, v. 28, pp. 16-17; 1944, v. 29, pp. 15-16; 1945, v. 30, pp. 19-20. Troy, Peter H., v. 26, p. 64. Triller, Mrs. A. Wesley, v. 28, p. 12. Triller, Mr. J. Coleman, v. 26, p. 14. Trinity Church, Fishkill; An account of heads of families, 1802; v. 27, p. 113. The parish register, v. 27, p. 110. Tuttle, Mrs. Arthur F., v. 28, p. 12. Typhoid cases in Poughkeepsie, v. 27, pp. 67, 69. Uhl family Bible records, v. 30, p. 88. Underhill, Mrs. Edward A., v. 27, p. 19. U. S. S. DUTCHESS, gift from, v. 30, pp. 9, 12. Presentation of map to, v. 30, pp. 10, 13. Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Van Van van Van Van Van Van

Arnan, Isack, v. 25, p. 48. Benschoten, Mrs. Carrie, v. 28, p. 14. Bomell, Peter, v. 30, pp. 25, 39. Buren, Dr. Pieter, v. 26, p. 78. Camp, Jacob, v. 25, pp. 58, 63, 66. Camp, Peter, v. 25, p. 63. Cortlandt, family of Pierre, v. 27, p. 71. Dolen, Jacob, v. 25, p. 48. Dyck, Frans, v. 25, pp. 48, 49, 64. Kleeck, Baltus B., v. 26, p. 12; v. 27, pp. 14, 17; v. 30, pp. 10, 14. Kleeck, Barent, v. 25, p. 41. Kleeck, Charles M., v. 26, p. 64. Kleeck, family of Dr. Lawrence, v. 28, p. 68. Sant, Reynier, v. 25, p. 50. Vliet, Benjamin C., v. 30, pp. 26, 40. Vliet, George S., v. 25, p. 75; v. 26, pp. 62-64, 71; v. 27, p. 17. (Contributor), v. 26, p. 42. Van Vliet & Cromwell, v. 30, p. 41. Van Wagenen Gerret, v. 25, p. 48. Van Wagner family at Hyde Park, v. 27, p. 36. Van Wyck, Edmund, v. 28, p. 13; v. 29, p. 14; v. 30, pp. 11, 18. Van Wyck, Mrs. Edmund, v. 29, p. 12. Van Wyck, Miss Jennie, v. 27, p. 19. Vassar Brothers Hospital training class, v. 25, p. 93. Vedder, Mrs. Jessie Van Vechten, v. 25, p. 18. Ver Nooy, Amy Pearce, v. 28, p. 9. (Contributor), v. 26, p. 62; v. 28, pp. 57, 77; v. 29, pp. 33, 44; v. 30, pp. 23, 83. Verplanck, family of Daniel C., v. 27, pp. 112, 116. Verplanck, William S., v. 27, p. 16. Wall, Dr. Alexander J., v. 25, p. 13. Wallin, Edward, v. 30, p. 14. Wallin, James, v. 25, p. 49. War bond, purchase of, v. 28, p. 12. Ward, John; commission of, received by gift, v. 28, p. 14. Ward, William H., v. 28, p. 14. Washington, General; at Pawling, v. 29, p. 66. Washington's headquarters at Pawling, bronze marker at, v. 30, pp. 15, 17. Wassaic, v. 25, pp. 58, 59, 62. Water supply, Poughkeepsie's, (article), v. 27, p. 65. Waterman, Mrs. George B., v. 28, p. 9; v. 29, p. 17. 109

Steeholm, Clara, (contributor), v. 29, P. 25. Steeholm, Hardy, v. 30, p. 22. Steeholm, Mrs. Hardy, v. 30, pp. 11, 14, 21. Steenburgh, Ernest, v. 26, p. 11. Stevens, Frederick R., v. 28, p. 13. (Contributor), v. 28, p. 23. Stonesbury, Doctr, v. 26, p. 80. Storm, Abraham G., v. 30, pp. 24, 25, 38, 39. Storm, Elton G., v. 29, p. 9. Storm, John Adriance, v. 30, p. 39. Storm & Wilson, v. 30, pp. 24, 39. Stoutenburgh, Jacobus, v. 25, pp. 59, 77. Stoutenburgh, Luke, v. 25, pp. 77, 78. Street, family of Greenleaf, v. 27, p. 114. Stringham, Mrs. Varick V. W., v. 29, p. 12. Styles, James, v. 30, p. 26. Styles, William J., v. 30, p. 26. Supreme Court of the United States, The one-hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of the, (article), v. 25, p. 25. Surplus property, 1865, v. 30, p. 74. Swartwout, Jacobus, v. 25, p. 42; V. 26, p. 66. Swartz, the Rev. Philip A., v. 28, p. 10. Swartz, the Rev. William C., (contributor), v. 28, p. 34. Taber, Miss Martha Akin, v. 26, p. 13. Taylor, Mrs. John E., v. 25, p. 11. Teller, John T., v. 29, p. 12. Ten Broeck, Derrick W., v. 28, p. 12. Ten Broeck, Dirck Wessels, v. 26, p. 19. Ten Broeck Bouwerie, The, (article), v. 26, p. 19. Ter Bos, Jacobus, v. 25, pp. 41, 42. Terry, William, v. 30, p. 26. Thomas, Ames, v. 25, p. 64. Thomas, Robert Parker, v. 30, p. 18. Thomas, Dr. William S., v. 27, p. 85; v. 27, p. 16. Thompson, Smith, v. 25, p. 25. (Article), v. 25, p. 26. Thorn, Isaac, v. 25, p. 62. Thorn, Lieutenant Jonathan, U. S. N., and some of his Dutchess County connections, (article), v. 28, p. 77. Thorn family in Dutchess County, v. 28, p. 83. Thorne, family of Obadiah, v. 27, pp. 112, 114. , Thurston, Miss Ada, v. 29, p. 13. Tillotson, Dr. Thomas, (biographical sketch), v. 30, p. 67. Tietsort, Isaac, v. 25, pp. 48, 49, 60. Tobias, Dr. Christian, v. 26, p. 80. Todd, William R. H., v. 27, p. 19; v. 29, p. 9. Todd, Mrs. William R. H., v. 27, p. 19. Tomatoes in 1845, v. 29, p. 55. Tompkins, Caleb, v. 27, pp. 39, 41. Tonks, Oliver S., (contributor), y. 27, p. 105. Tories in Dutchess County, (article), v. 29, p. 68. Townsend, Mr. and Mrs. Charles, v. 26, pp. 13, 17, 19. Traver, Miss Albertina T. B., v. 29, pp. 11, 14. Traver, Nicholas, v. 25, p. 63. Traver family in the town of Clinton, v. 26, p. 45. Travis, Everett H., v. 26, p. 11. 108

Sackett, Richard, v. 25, pp. 48, 49. Sackett, Richard, Jur., v. 25, p. 48. Sackett, Captain Richard, (article), v. 25, p. 51. Sadd, Henry, v. 30, p. 38. St. Barnabas Hospital, (article), v. 25, p. 86. St. Lawrence University Library, v. 28, p. 10. Salsbery, Johannes, v. 25, p. 48. Salt Point, The general store at, (article), v. 29, p. 33. List of persons trading at, (1848-1849), v. 29, P. 40. Sang, Miss Elizabeth, v. 25, p. 13. Scheever, Adam, v. 25, p. 48. Schickle, William, v. 26, p. 64; v. 28, P. 12. Schryver, John P., v. 27, p. 42. Schultz family in the town of Clinton, v. 26, p. 48. Schwartz, Mrs. John R., v. 26, p. 12. Scott, Miss Emily, v. 30, p. 16. Seaman family at Hyde Park, v. 27, p. 39. Searing, John, v. 25, p. 72. Secor family Bible records, v. 30, p. 89. Seeds, family of William, v. 27, pp. 112, 114. Seidman, Benedict S., (contributor), v. 26, p. 101. Shaw, Leland H., v. 25, p. 11. Shears, Miss Elizabeth, v. 26, p. 14. Shears, Herbert C., v. 28, p. 13; v. 30. p. 11. Sheep-raising in Dutchess County, (article), v. 26, p. 71. Shepherd family Bible records, v. 30, p. 88. Shipman, Fred W., v. 26, p. 14; v. 27, pp. 13, 19, 52. Sickley, John C., v. 26, p. 63. Silversmiths of Poughkeepsie, The, (article), v. 30, p. 23. Skidmore, Walter, v. 27, p. 31. Slavery in Dutchess County, v. 26, p. 89; v. 28, p. 57. Slavery in the town of Clinton, v. 26, p. 50. Slaves, advertisements of runaway, v. 26, p. 94. Sleght, Carlton M., v. 26, p. 12. Sleight, Mr. and Mrs. David B., v. 30, pp. 18, 22. Smith, Barbara Parker, v. 25, p. 18. Smith, DeCost, v. 25, p. 11. Smith, Mrs. Frederic E., v. 29, p. 11. Smith, Major Herbert Stanley, v. 29, p. 13. Smith, Judge Isaac, v. 26, p. 72; v. 30, p. 87. Smith, James, v. 25, p. 42. Smith, Malcolm, v. 26, p. 14. Smith, Morgan Lewis, v. 26, p. 49. Smith, Myron, v. 27, p. 41. Smith, Mrs. Oscar Bloodgood, v. 28, pp. 11, 12. Smith, Robert, v. 25, p. 71. Smith, Mrs. Robert L., v. 26, p. 14. Smillie, James, (biographical sketch), v. 26, p. 68. Smillie, James David, (biographical sketch), v. 26, p. 69. Southerland, David, v. 25, p. 63. Southwick, Miss Mildred D., v. 27, p. 17. Sprague, Doctor, v. 26, p. 80. Spencer, Captain Reuben, v. 26, p. 57. Spratt, George V. L., v. 26, p. 11. Stainer, Richard M., v. 30, p. 38. Standish, Mrs. Myles, v. 30, p. 17. Steamboat fare reduced, 1833, v. 29, p. 24. 107