DCAT by the Decades Vol 2

CONTENTS ISSUE 02

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The First DCAT Annual Dinner

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The Magnus Men

- “The Father of the DCAT Annual Dinner”

- A Family Tradition of DCAT Service - An Interview with Bob Magnus, Jr.

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DCAT’s Industry Impact

- Defends member companies against libel - Petitions US senators to pass Harrison Narcotic Act - NY Telephone Co. speaks to members on using phones for selling purposes

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1910-1920: Laying the Foundation for Research

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1920-1930: The Age of Discovery

- J&J’s BAND-AIDS® go on the market - Insulin and Penicillin discovered - Foundation laid for FDA

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DCAT’s Past Presidents

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DCAT’s Executive Secretary

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- Abbott’s antiseptic Chlorazene used in WWI - Sandoz isolates ergotamine to treat migraines - Pfizer pioneers mass production of citric acid

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The First DCAT Annual Dinner “Get Aquainted� Dinner Sparks an Annual Tradition Created to provide an evening of fellowship where industry representatives could become personally acquainted, the first Annual Dinner was held on April 5, 1926 at the Waldorf Astoria in New York City. The speaker was Charles S. Whitman, former Governor of New York (19151918). It cost only $6.00 to attend and drew 223 industry men. A humble beginning, perhaps, but the appeal of meeting with friends and colleagues in the industry was great, and the Annual Dinner in New York City became a highly anticipated event each year.

The Annual Dinners of the 1930s, in general, sought to connect good interpersonal relationships with good business and achieved a strong following of Annual Dinner attendees. The Annual Dinners of the early 1940s were declared wartime tributes and each event lauded association members for their contributions to the war effort. In 1951, the Annual Dinner celebrated its 25th anniversary. The decade was one of reflection, and members paused to consider the past, present and future of the association. The future, members felt certain, was assured so long as the foundation of communication and camaraderie was built upon as steadily and thoughtfully as it had been to that point.

The 1960s ushered in a new era of expanded services.

Charles S. Whitman In conjunction with the Annual Dinner, an industry Former Governor of New York symposium was held to more formally exchange information and ideas. The Annual Dinner celebrated its golden anniversary in 1976. As the industry began to undergo change and consolidation during the 1980s, the Annual Dinner became a vital link among industry representatives. A goal of the 1990s was to improve the educational component of DCAT. This focus culminated in 1999 with the inclusion of programming which expanded the Annual Dinner event into DCAT Week.

The Annual Dinner crossed into its second millennium and celebrated its 75th anniversary in 2001. Today the Annual Dinner is an elegant and entertaining finale to a week filled with business development opportunities, networking and industry education. From a small yet significant beginning in 1926, the long and impressive history of the DCAT Annual Dinner is a testament to the appeal and importance of personal interaction between representatives of the drug, chemical and associated industries.

DCAT is fortunate to have in its archives original documentation about the origins of what has become an industry highlight. >>

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First Annual Dinner 1926

• “Better aquaintance between individuals always tends to better relations.”

(Pictured Left)

Read the minutes from March 3, 1926 in which the Drug and Chemical Section of the New York Board of Trade decides to hold a “Get Acquainted Drug Men’s Dinner.”

• First Annual Dinner Ticket and Menu See how the menu has changed at the Waldorf Astoria since 1926. No more complimentary cigars and cigarettes?!

• “First time executives of the houses in the several branches of the industry have been together at one time.”

Read the minutes from May 5, 1926 in which the Drug and Chemical Section of the New York Board of Trade declares the dinner a success. >>

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• “First gathering of its kind with gratifying results all around” Read a recap article printed in the April 12, 1926 edition of the Oil, Paint & Drug Reporter (later known as Chemical Market Reporter).

• First Annual Dinner Income and Expense Report How much do you think dinner at the Waldorf Astoria cost in 1926? What was the beverage bill?

• “A very enjoyable evening” Read a letter from a dinner attendee expressing gratitude and applauding the Drug and Chemical Section’s effort.

• Annual Dinner Speakers Through the Years (Pictured Left)

Presidents, secretaries of state, senators, governors, army generals, surgeon generals, journalists...

The DCAT Annual Dinner has hosted some of the most impressive and influential speakers of the day.

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THE MAGNUS MEN A Family Tradition of DCAT Service The DCAT staff had the pleasure of interviewing Mr. Bob Magnus, Jr., nephew of “The Father of the DCAT Annual Dinner,” Percy Magnus, Jr. Bob Magnus, Jr. has a very rich history and tradition with the DCAT Annual Dinner. His uncle, Percy Magnus, Jr., is considered the “Father of the Annual Dinner” as he was the chairman of the first dinner in 1926. The dinner was arranged for industry representatives to become personally acquainted.

It was the first gathering of its kind, and proved that “better acquaintance” among industry executives resulted in better relations and success in the industry. Bob recalls his father, Robert Magnus, Sr., was present in the Waldorf Astoria ballroom that night to witness the dinner’s success.

“The first dinner, and every dinner thereafter, was very important to them [Percy and Robert]. It was something that they actively looked forward to each year. It was not only business, but it was social,” explained Bob. He added, “Contacts were, and still are, very important to succeed in the industry. Members attend the dinner to connect with existing contacts and to make new contacts.

The Annual Dinner was the best place for this.”

The first time Bob attended a DCAT Annual Dinner was in 1949. He was 17-years-old. His father was serving as the DCAT chairman (title changed to president in 1959).

“I was very proud to see my dad up on the dais,” said Bob, “and it was a really cool experience because I got to wear my first tuxedo!”

Bob has attended close to, if not, 50 Annual Dinners in his lifetime.

He says it’s the relationships that kept him coming back each year.

“DCAT has certainly grown from what I understand. It is great that as it expands, the tradition of the Waldorf and the Annual Dinner still remains the same,” remarked Bob. >>

Robert Magnus, Sr. (Bob’s father) was DCAT’s chairman in 1949.

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A DCAT Family Affair Percy Magnus Jr., joined the family business of Magnus, Mabee & Reynard right out of high school in 1912. Magnus, Mabee & Reynard was established in New York City in 1895. They were manufacturers, importers and exporters of essential oils, balsams and perfume oils. When his father, Percy Magnus, Sr., passed away in 1916, young Percy Jr. took over the business at the age of 22.

Percy Magnus, Jr. with his father, Percy Sr.

“My Uncle Percy was very outgoing. In stature – he was a big, strong man,” said Bob. He added that he was very personable and well known, and at one point, Percy was even nominated to run for mayor of New York City on the Republican ticket, but that he declined.

Percy Magnus, Jr. was very active in DCAT. In addition to being the first chairman of the Annual Dinner, he served on various committees and in many executive roles, including DCAT chairman (president) in 1931 and 1932.

Following in his older brother’s footsteps, Robert Magnus, Sr. joined the family business right out of high school. He, too, was very active in DCAT serving on the executive committee in 1937, as treasurer from 1938 to 1947, as vice chairman in 1948, and as chairman in 1949.

Reflecting on his father, Bob said, “He was a fantastic dad! Between him and my Uncle Percy, they taught me the business and how to become active in it. I was able to build on that and enhance my career as the years went on.”

Following in the Magnus tradition, Bob entered the family business after graduating college and serving two years in the United States Army. He was also active in DCAT, serving on the executive board from 1980 to 1988. During his tenure, he encouraged and voted for the introduction of women into leadership roles in the organization. The first woman to serve as president was Harriette F. Witmer in 1981.

Bob has many fond memories of DCAT and is proud of what his family has contributed to the association over the years.

“DCAT is very important to me. Of course, I had the background from my Uncle Percy and my father. It was important to me to keep the Magnus/ DCAT tradition alive. The contacts that we made were invaluable. I made many great friendships through DCAT,” remarked Bob.

Bob Magnus, Jr. Proudly holding his father’s gavel from his DCAT presidency.

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It’s safe to say his Uncle Percy was on to something when he helped create the first DCAT Annual Dinner. He sparked not only a tradition, but a sentiment that still holds true today – personal contacts are the heart of a successful organization. When we celebrate our anniversary in March 2015, DCAT will have been providing opportunities to “get acquainted” for 89 dinners and 125 years.

A special thanks to Mr. Bob Magnus, Jr., for taking the time to talk with us. Bob is 82 and lives in Brunswick, Maine with his wife, Mary. They are active in their community and volunteer at the Maine State Music Theatre.

DCAT’S INDUSTRY IMPACT DCAT was originally known as the Drug Trade Section of the New York Board of Trade (NYBT) and operated from its headquarters in New York City. In January of 1921, the name changed to include the growing chemical industry, making it the Drug and Chemical Section of the NYBT. In its first few decades of service, the organization was active in the legislative arena for the pharmaceutical industry. But as our membership grew to include large and small companies, distributors, and packagers of pharmaceuticals, and even transportation companies, it could not represent the specific specialized legislative interests of its member companies the way that other associations could.

Recognizing our core strength in bringing such a large group of interests together, we later changed our focus to business development amongst members. >>

• 1911 Defends Members Against Libel (Pictured Left)

The Drug Trade Section of the New York Board of Trade (NYBT) defends its member companies from libel by the US Department of Agriculture.

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• 1914 Harrison Narcotic Act (Pictured Left)

The Drug Trade Section of the NYBT petitions US senators to pass the Harrison Narcotic Act, which had previously passed in the House of Representatives. The act is passed on December 17, 1914. Its official title was “An Act to provide for the registration of, with collectors of internal revenue, and to impose a special tax upon all persons who produce, import, manufacture, compound, deal in, dispense, sell, distribute, or give away opium or coca leaves, their salts, derivatives, or preparations, and for other purposes.” The law specifically provided that manufacturers, importers, pharmacists, and physicians prescribing narcotics should be licensed to do so, at a moderate fee.

• 1918 Industry Unity and Service During WWI The Drug Trade Section of the NYBT Chairman, Burton T. Bush, writes a reflection of the year to the officers and members of the association, citing the industry’s unity and service to its country during World War I.

• 1921 New Narcotic and Prohibition Laws The Drug Trade Section of the NYBT Chairman, Franklin B. Yates, writes a reflection of the year to officers and members of the association, citing their involvement with the new narcotic and prohibition laws.

• 1921 The First Name Change The Drug Trade Section of the NYBT changes its name to the Drug and Chemical Section at the annual meeting on January 8, 1921.

• 1926 “Judicious Use of the Telephone in Selling” The Drug and Chemical Section has a guest speaker from the New York Telephone Company to speak to its members on how the telephone can be beneficial and profitable in business.

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1910 - 1920 Laying the Foundation for Research The decade of 1910 to 1920 is marked by the young pharmaceutical industry’s advancement into research, using natural products as one area of focus, by further exploring their medicinal use as well as methods to isolate and synthesize these compounds. Early discoveries that would help lead to the mass production of penicillin are made, and the industry moves forward with supplying medical products to meet demand during World War I. And companies that would later become part of Sanofi and AstraZeneca are formed.

INDUSTRY TIMELINE

1911

Gaston Roussel created a small pharmaceutical company to market Hemostyl; that company was the ancestor of what would become one of the pieces that would later become the modern-day Sanofi.

1912

C. H. Boehringer Sohn launches its first drug, Laudanon, an analgesic based on six opium alkaloids. Its widespread market launch takes place in 1915. Five years later in 1917, the research department of C. H. Boehringer Sohn is founded on the initiative of the chemist and future Nobel Prize winner for chemistry Prof. Heinrich Wieland, who would become known for his research on bile acids. He is a cousin of Albert Boehringer, founder of C. H. Boehringer Sohn.

1913

Astra is founded and headquartered in Södertälje, Sweden, later becoming one piece of today’s AstraZeneca.

1914

The Harrison Narcotic Act is passed in the US and requires prescriptions for products exceeding the allowable limit of narcotics and mandates increased record-keeping for physicians and pharmacists who dispense narcotics.

1915

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company is established. Soon after starting the pharmaceutical business, the testing division was formed. The research division, which researched and developed new pharmaceutical products, was also formed in 1915.

1915

The Abbott Alkaloidal Company changes its name to Abbott Laboratories to reflect its growing research efforts and move to synthetic compounds. One year later in 1916, Abbott’s antiseptic agent, Chlorazene, is used in the battlefields of World War I. >>

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1917

Merck legacy companies H K. Mulford Co. and Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten & Co join the national group of manufacturers of pharmaceutical, chemical, and disinfectant products furnishing medical supplies during World War I.

1917

Owing to World War I, Merck & Co. was expropriated in 1917. Later in 1919, George Merck buys back his own company, and Merck & Co. fully separates from E. Merck.

1918

Following the formation of a pharmaceutical research department in Sandoz in 1917, Professor Arthur Stoll isolates ergotamine from the fungi ergot, which is eventually introduced in 1921 under the tradename Gynergen to treat migraines.

Also, portending of what would become today’s Novartis, Sandoz, Ciba, and Geigy (which was traded for the first time as a public limited company in 1901) create a pooling agreement, Interessen-gemeinschaft Basel (Basel IG), which would later be disbanded in 1950.

1919

Pfizer chemist James Currie and his assistant, Jasper Kane, successfully pioneer the mass production of citric acid from sugar through mold fermentation—an achievement that eventually frees Pfizer from dependency on European citrus growers. Spurred by this invention, Kane goes on to develop a new deep-tank fermentation method using molasses rather than refined sugar as a raw material—the process that would later unlock the secret for large-scale production of penicillin.

1920 - 1930 The Age of Discovery The decade of 1920 to 1930 is marked by breakthrough discoveries, such as insulin, medicines based on bile acids, and penicillin, aided by the research of several Nobel Prize Laureates, which would further propel the pharmaceutical industry in advancing its goal of delivering new medicines.

INDUSTRY TIMELINE

1920

Markus Guggenheim’s classic study of The Biogenic Amines appears. Roche began marketing amino acids, peptides, proteins, cardiac glycosides, vitamins and hormones, all substances that the company originally produced for its own research projects. They enhance Roche’s standing in the scientific community. In 1927, Guggenheim begins studying vitamin B1. Guggenheim’s investigations include work with extracts of rice bran. This will ultimately contribute to the synthesis and production of vitamin B1 at Roche. Also in 1920, Roche introduces Allonal, an analgesic sedative and hypnotic drug, which is the company’s first product using compounds produced by synthetic chemistry. An industrial laboratory is installed at Roche’s Basel site to develop synthetic processes.

1920

C. H. Boehringer Sohn launches the cardiovascular drug Cadechol, a camphor product rendered water soluble with bile acid. It is the first product derived from the work of Prof.

Heinrich Wieland, who would be awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1927/1928 for his work on bile acids.

1921

Plough Chemical Company purchases The Gerstle Medicine Company of Chattanooga, Tennesse acquiring the trade name St. Joseph, an established brand name in the family medicine field for over 50 years.

1921

BAND-AID® Brand Adhesive Bandages, invented by Johnson & Johnson employee Earle Dickson in 1920, go on the market. They are the first commercial dressings for small wounds that consumers can apply themselves.

1923

The year of insulin. Frederick Banting, J.J.R. Macleod, and Charles Best of the University of Toronto isolate and purify insulin for the treatment of diabetes. Banting and Macleod win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923 for the discovery of insulin.

Their work results in the commercialization of insulin from companies such as Eli Lilly, Hoechst (which would later evolve into Sanofi), and Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium (which would later evolve in today’s Novo Nordisk). In 1923, Eli Lilly introduces Iletin, Hoechst launches “Insulin Hoechst” in Europe, and Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium’s insulin product is introduced in Scandinavia. >>

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1923

Marie Krogh, who in 1914 become the fourth Danish woman to earn a doctorate in medicine, and her husband August Krogh, professor at the University of Copenhagen and recipient of The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1920, contact the University of Toronto and gain permission to manufacture and sell insulin in Scandinavia. August Krogh founded the company Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium in partnership with the Danish medical doctor Hans Christian Hagedorn, and with financial assistance provided by the Danish pharmacist August Kongsted. Two years later in 1925, Novo Terapeutisk Laboratorium is founded when two brothers Harald (a machinist working on production equipment for insulin at Nordisk) and Thorval Pedersen (a pharmacist working for Nordisk on analyzing the chemical processes involved in insulin production) leave Nordisk to produce on their own a stable liquid insulin product, Insulin Novo, which is administered through a special syringe–the Novo Syringe– that ensured that patients could comfortably inject themselves with correctly dosed insulin.

1924

6,500 doses of H.K. Mulford Co.’s Yersin Serum are rushed from its Philadelphia laboratories to Los Angeles, California to treat a deadly outbreak of the bubonic plague. One year later in 1925, an outbreak of diphtheria occurs in Nome, Alaska. H.K. Mulford’s diphtheria antitoxin is rushed by dogsled from Nenana, Alaska, to Nome. The trip is 674 miles long and takes five days and twenty drivers and dog teams to complete. The trip is considered to be part of the inspiration for the annual Iditarod Trail Dog Sled Race. Later in 1929, H. K. Mulford Co. merges with Sharp & Dohme, Inc. Two years earlier in 1927, Merck & Co. merges with Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten, setting up an eventual merger with Sharp & Dohme and Merck & Co. in the 1950s.

1927

The foundation of what would become the Food and Drug Administration is laid when the Bureau of Chemistry is reorganized into two separate entities. Regulatory functions are located in the Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration, and nonregulatory research is located in the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils.

1928

While working on influenza virus, Scottish Andrew Fleming observed that mold had developed accidently on a Staphylococcus culture plate and that the mold had created a bacteria-free circle around itself. He was inspired to further experiment and he found that a mold culture prevented growth of Staphylococci, even when diluted 800 times. He named the active substance penicillin. In 1945, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine would be awarded jointly to Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases.

1928

Sandoz introduces Calcium Sandoz, a breakthrough product that lays the foundation for modern calcium therapy. Sandoz creates a chemicals department.

1928

Rhone Poulenc is formed from the merger of Société des Usines Chimiques du Rhône (Society of Rhône Chemical Factories) from Lyon and Établissements Poulenc Frères (Poulenc Brothers Company) from Paris.

1929

Alice Keller rises to the senior executive rank of direktorin (director) at Roche. In 1926, as a 30-year-old native of Basel, she boards ship to Japan. As a PhD graduate in political economy, she had worked for Roche Basel for about a year before accepting a post in Tokyo, where the company has had a subsidiary since 1925. Alice Keller joined Roche in 1925, and she went to Tokyo to become head of Roche Japan in 1926. She was promoted to become Roche’s first woman senior executive in 1929.

DCAT’s Past Presidents 1910 - 1930

This list of DCAT’s presidents reads like a “Who’s Who” of the drug trade, as all of these men were very active in the advancement of their respected companies and the industry.

If you get a chance, we recommend a quick Google search of these names – it’s amazing what you can find!

1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919

George W. Kemp, Lanman & Kemp Clarence G. Stone, Lambert Pharmacal Company Henry C. Lovis, Seabury & Johnson Samuel M. Moneypenny, National Aniline and Chemical Company C.G. Euler, Antoine Chiris Company Irving McKesson, McKesson & Robbins Frank L. McCartney, Albodon Company Burton T. Bush, Antoine Chiris Company Howell Foster, Schieffelin & Co.

Turner F. Currens, Norwich Pharmacal Company

1920

Franklin B. Yates, Yates Drug & Chemical Company

1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930

Clement C. Speiden, Innis, Speiden & Co. Frank C. Starr, Sharp & Dohme Edward Plaut, Lehn & Fink Edward Plaut, Lehn & Fink Charles L. Huisking, Charles L. Huisking Inc. Charles L. Huisking, Charles L. Huisking Inc. S. Barksdale Penick, S.B. Penick & Co. S. Barksdale Penick, S.B. Penick & Co. Charles A. Prickitt, Upjohn Co. Charles A. Prickitt, Upjohn Co.

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DCAT’s Executive Secretary William F. McConnell served as the Executive Secretary to the Drug Trade Section (later known as the Drug and Chemical Section) of the New York Board of Trade from its inception in 1890 until 1930.

He was a beloved member of the association for forty years and is especially beloved by the current DCAT staff for his extensive note taking! Without Mr. McConnell’s notes, we could not have uncovered so many interesting parts of DCAT’s history.

Here’s some evidence of how much Mr. McConnell was appreciated for work and dedication to the Drug and Chemical Section. At the 4th Annual Dinner on March 14, 1929, the Drug and Chemical Section congratulated Mr. McConnell for 50 years of service to the New York Board of Trade. They presented him with a gilded treasure chest containing $500 in gold!

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