Thermodynamics: Principles
Characterizing Physical and Chemical Processes
by J. M. Honig
ISBN: 0123738776
Publisher:Elsevier Science & Technology Books
Pub. Date: March 2007
Preface, Pages v-vi
Table of Contents
Preface to the Second Edition, Page vii
Preface to the First Edition, Pages ix-x
Chapter 1 - Fundamentals, Pages 1-110
Chapter 2 - Equilibrium in Ideal Systems, Pages 111-158
Chapter 3 - Characterization of Nonideal Solutions, Pages 159-247
Chapter 4 - Thermodynamic Properties of Electrolytes, Pages 249-285
Chapter 5 - Thermodynamic Properties of Materials in Externally Applied Fields, Pages 287-346
Chapter 6 - Irreversible Thermodynamics, Pages 347-396
Chapter 7 - Critical Phenomena, Pages 397-423
Chapter 8 - A Final Speculation About Ultimate Temperatures A Fourth Law of Thermodynamics?, Pages 425-426
Chapter 9 - Mathematical Proof of the Carathéodory Theorem and Resulting
Interpretations; derivation of the Debye-Hückel Equation, Pages 427-444
Index, Pages 445-452
Another random document with no related content on Scribd:
STORIES FROM THE LEGEND OF
LAIEIKAWAI.
NA MOOLELO MAI KA KAAO NO
LAIEIKAWAI.
CHAPTER I.
RELATING TO AIOHIKUPUA.—TO
HAUNAKA.
Aiohikupua1 was a very strong man, both in boxing and wrestling. When he set sail from Maui and landed at Kauhola, in Kohala, he found the people gathered at Hinakahua, where they were holding their customary games of boxing, wrestling and other manly exhibitions of strength. At this place he met Ihuanu, a very expert and strong boxer who belonged to that district, Kohala.
When Aiohikupua and his companions came ashore in
MOKUNA I.
NO AIOHIKUPUA.—NO
HAUNAKA.
He kanaka ikaika o Aiohikupua i ke kui a me ka mokomoko. Ia ia
i holo ai mai Maui aku a pae ma Kauhola i Kohala, e mokomoko ana o Hinakahua. Kahi o na kanaka a pau e piha ana. Ilaila o Ihuanu, he kanaka ikaika no Kohala i ke kui.
A pae o Aiohikupua ma Kohala, pii aku la lakou e ike i ka
Kohala they proceeded up to see the wrestling. When they arrived at the grounds, Ihuanu came out and challenged: “Who is to come from that side and meet me, wrestling?” No one was seen to come and accept the challenge because they were all afraid of him. After this Ihuanu turned to Aiohikupua and said: “Say, stranger, you had better join in the fun.” When Aiohikupua heard the invitation he went up to Ihuanu and said: “Say, son of the soil, you have asked me to join you in the fun, and this is what I wish to say to you: Get two others beside yourself on your side, making three of you. With that number the stranger will feel it worth while to join you.” When Ihuanu heard this from Aiohikupua, he made reply: “You are a very conceited man. I am the best man among all the people of Kohala, and here you have asked that there must be three of us on one side to meet you alone on your side. You are the most conceited2 man that I have ever seen. What are you to me?”
mokomoko. A hiki lakou, oili mai la o Ihuanu, a kahea mai la: “Owai mai ma kela aoao e mokomoko mai me a’u,” aohe kanaka aa mai, ua makau ia o Ihuanu e na mea a pau loa. A pau ka olelo ana a Ihuanu, huli ae la ia a olelo mai ia
Aiohikupua: “E ka malihini, e pono paha ke lealea.” A lohe o
Aiohikupua i keia leo o Ihuanu, hele aku la ia a kokoke, a olelo aku la: “E ke kamaaina! ua noi mai oe ia’u, e lealea kaua. A eia hoi ka’u ia oe. I elua ma kou aoao, hui pu me oe, akolu. Alaila, akolu oukou, e aho ia mikomiko iho ka malihini.” A lohe o Ihuanu i keia olelo a
Aiohikupua, olelo mai la ia: “He oi oe o ke kanaka olelo hookano. Owau no ka oi mamua o na mea a pau o Kohala nei, a ke olelo mai nei oe i ekolu aku makou ma kekahi aoao, a i hookahi oe. He keu oe o ke kanaka wahahee, heaha la oe i kuu manao.”
Aiohikupua then boasted, saying to Ihuanu: “I am not going to stand up and box with you unless you have three on your side. And what do I care for you and the people that have gathered here? I can turn this crowd into nothing with my left hand.” Because of these words of Aiohikupua, one of the strong men in Kohala who had come to witness the games came up behind Aiohikupua and said to him: “Say, don’t get Ihuanu angry, for he is the strongest man in Kohala; there is nothing kept away from him when he asks.” At this Aiohikupua pushed him to one side3 whereby the man was killed. Upon seeing this, one of the warriors came up behind Ihuanu and said to him: “Say, Ihuanu, we see that our side will not be victorious this day. I am sure the stranger will win out, because one of our companions is killed by just receiving a mere push. Therefore I beg of you that the crowd be dispersed and the games brought to an end and you withdraw your challenge and meet the stranger in a kindly
I aku o Aiohikupua i kana olelo kaena i mua o Ihuanu: “Aole au e ku aku ana e kui me oe, ke ku ole mai oukou ekolu i mua o’u. A heaha la oe a me ka lehulehu ia’u? e hiki ia’u ke hoolilo i keia aha i mea ole, i loko o kuu lima hema.” A no keia olelo a Aiohikupua, hele mai la kekahi koa ikaika a ma ke kua o Aiohikupua. Olelo mai la: “E! mai olelo aku oe ia Ihuanu, o ko
Kohala oi no kela, aohe puko momona ia ia.” Ia wa, huli ae la o Aiohikupua a papale ae la. Ia wa no make loa ua kanaka ala. Hele mai la kekahi mau koa a ma ke kua o Ihuanu, a olelo mai la:
“E Ihuanu, ke ike nei makou, aole e lanakila ana ko kakou aoao i keia la. Ma kuu manao paa, o ka malihini ke lanakila ana. No ka mea, ua make ko kakou kanaka, i pale wale ia mai nei no, o ka make ia. Nolaila, ke noi aku nei au e hui ka aha, e pau ka mokomoko ana, a me kou aa ana i ka malihini, a e aloha olua me ka lulu lima ana, alaila oe ola.” Ma keia olelo, ua hoaa ia ko [409]Ihuanu huhu wela loa. Nolaila, olelo aku o Ihuanu: “E ko’u poe kanaka, mai
way and shake hands, and in that way save yourself.”4 By these words the hot anger in Ihuanu was [408]rekindled, and so he replied: “Say, my men, don’t be afraid because of the death of that man from the push he received. Did I not do the very same thing some few days ago? Then why should you all be afraid? But if you are afraid, then go and hide your faces in the sky; and if you should hear that Ihuanu is victorious, remember it was by the blow known as Kanikapihe,5 the blow the teacher has not instructed you of, for I see he will not be able to overcome me, for I hear the end of my loin cloth snap6 behind me.” His companions then said to him: “We have nothing more to say to you, we have done our part. Stand up then and face your opponent; perhaps you will be saved by means of the blow your teacher has not instructed us of, and perhaps the end of your loin cloth did tell you the truth.”7 With this the companions of Ihuanu retired to the outer edge of the crowd.
hopohopo, ma ka make ana o kela kanaka o kakou, ma ke pale ana o ka lima. Aole anei au i hana pela, mamua aku nei, a heaha la ko oukou mea i makau ai? Nolaila, ina hopo oukou, alaila, e huna aku i ko oukou mau maka i ke aouli. A i lohe aku oukou, ua lanakila o Ihuanu, e hoomanao oukou i kuu puupuu o Kanikapihe, ka ai a ke kumu i koe ia oukou, aole i ao ia. No ka mea, ke ike nei au aole e lanakila mai oia maluna o’u, no ka mea, ua kani ka pola o kuu malo i ka hope.” I aku na hoa mokomoko ia Ihuanu: “Ua pau ka makou olelo ia oe, aohe olelo i koe, ku ia i mua o ko hoa. Malama o pakele oe i ka ai a ko kumu i koe ia makou, a pela no hoi ka pola o ko malo.” Alaila, nee aku la na hoa ma waho o ka aha mokomoko.
While Ihuanu was boasting before the people, Aiohikupua came out of the crowd and stood in the presence of Ihuanu, then clapped his arms around his body and said to Ihuanu: “Say, Ihuanu, strike sixteen blows at my middle.” When Ihuanu heard this from Aiohikupua he turned and surveyed the crowd that was around them and when he saw a small boy, who was being held in the arms of a certain person, he called out: “Let that small boy come and strike Aiohikupua.”
Continuing, Ihuanu said boastingly: “Let this small boy strike you.”8 When Aiohikupua heard this from Ihuanu, his anger welled up within him until his very hair stood on end; he then turned to the people and said: “What man is willing to face the boy from Kauai? I will therefore at this time say, that my god is able to give me the victory over your strong man this day and to make his head a plaything for my canoe men.”
After making the above remarks, he prayed to his god as follows:
Ia Ihuanu e olelo kaena ana i mua o ka aha, oili mai la o Aiohikupua a ma ke alo o Ihuanu ku iho la, a upoipoi na lima, me ka olelo aku ia Ihuanu: “E Ihuanu, kui ia i kuu piko a pololei, i eha kauna kui.” (Ua like me umikumamaono puupuu.) A lohe o Ihuanu i keia olelo a Aiohikupua, huli ae la o Ihuanu a puni ka aha mokomoko. A ike aku la i kekahi keiki opiopio e hii ia mai ana, kahea aku la ia, e hele mai e kui ia Aiohikupua. Wahi a na olelo kaena a Ihuanu: “Na keia keiki opiopio oe e kui.”
A lohe o Aiohikupua i keia olelo a Ihuanu. Pii ae la kona huhu a ke poo o kalakala. Huli aku la o Aiohikupua a olelo i ka aha kanaka. “Owai ke kanaka i aa mai i ko Kauai keiki nei, nolaila, ke olelo nei au. He hiki i kuu akua ke haawi mai ia’u e lanakila maluna o ko oukou kanaka ikaika i keia la. A e hoolilo hoi i ke poo i milimili na kuu poe hoewaa.” A mahope o keia mau olelo a Aiohikupua, pule iho la ia i kona mau akua, penei:
Lanipipili, Lanioaka, Lanikahuliomealani. Say, Hekilikaakaa, Say, Nakolowailani, Recognize your offspring, Look at your child And present me with the head of Ihuanu, That the multitude might see That I am the conqueror. It is ended, the kapu is released.9
At the close of the prayer, Aiohikupua asked his opponent: “Are you ready, Ihuanu, to strike at me?” Ihuanu replied: “I will not strike you. I want you to strike at me.” When the boxing teacher of Ihuanu heard what his pupil had answered he came up to his side and said to him: “If he should again ask you to strike him do it,10 because this is the proper time.” Shortly after this Aiohikupua again requested of Ihuanu to strike him. At this request, Ihuanu let drive at his opponent but did not hit him, for [410]Aiohikupua was on his guard and dodged. After dodging this blow from Ihuanu, Aiohikupua struck at his opponent, hitting
Lanipipili, Lanioaka, Lanikahuliomealani, E Hekilikaakaa, E Nakolowailani,
E ike i ka oukou pulapula, E nana i ka oukou Kama, E haawi mai ke poo o Ihuanu
I ike keia aha apau loa, Owau ka lanakila maluna, Amama, ua noa.
A pau ka pule, olelo aku o Aiohikupua, ua makaukau anei oe e Ihuanu e kui mai ia’u? Olelo mai o Ihuanu: “Aole au e kui ia oe, nau e kui mai ia’u.” A lohe ke kumu kui a Ihuanu, hele mai la a ma ka aoao. I mai la: “E! i olelo hou mai e kui oe, kui ia, no ka mea, o ka manawa iho la no ia.” Mahope o laila, ninau hou o Aiohikupua ia Ihuanu, e waiho mai ana o Ihuanu i ka puupuu, hu ka makani, aole nae i ku o Aiohikupua, [411]no ka mea, ua alo ia, a hala ae la ka Ihuanu puupuu. A hala ka Ihuanu puupuu, e poho lalo ae ana o Aiohikupua i kana puupuu, komo i ka houpo, a hula ma ke kua. Ia wa kaikai o Aiohikupua ia Ihuanu
him just below the chest so strong that the fist of Aiohikupua went clear through and came out at the back. Aiohikupua then raised up his arm, with the body of Ihuanu on it, twirled the body around over his head and then threw it outside of the rows of people that were standing around. At sight of this great strength a mighty shout came from the people and after this they began to disperse. After this Aiohikupua went over to the place where the body of Ihuanu was lying and cut off his head and took it to his canoe men11 , and they all returned to their double canoe, which they boarded and set sail for Hamakua, landing at Paauhau.
me ke koali i ka lima, a kiola aku la ma waho o ka aha. Uwa ae la ka pihe, hui ka aha. Lalau iho la o Aiohikupua i ke poo o Ihuanu a lawe ae la na na hoewaa, a hoi aku la i na waa, a holo aku la a pae ma Paauhau i Hamakua.
RELATING TO HAUNAKA. NO HAUNAKA.
Haunaka was the strongest man, in boxing and wrestling, in the whole of Paauhau and he was at this time very famous. In fact his fame had traversed over the whole district of Hamakua.
O ko Paauhau kanaka oi ia i ke kui a me ka mokomoko, he kanaka ikaika loa ma ia hana. A ua laha ae kona kaulana a puni o Hamakua.
When the canoe of Aiohikupua touched at the landing at Paauhau, he jumped ashore and asked of the people of the place, saying: “What is that shouting in the uplands?” One of the men said: “The people are gathered there to witness the champion wrestler, Haunaka, the strongest man in the district.” When Aiohikupua heard this he proceeded to the place where the games were being held. As soon as he arrived, Haunaka called out to him: “Come here.” When Aiohikupua came in the presence of Haunaka, he said: “You will never be able to hurt the boy from Kauai for he is like the branch of a tree that stands on the side of a cliff.” While Aiohikupua was saying this one of the men who had seen him in Kohala came up and said to Haunaka: “Say, Haunaka and the company gathered here, this is the very man who struck Ihuanu, in Kohala, and killed him. This man’s blow is sharp like the point of a spear; you people will therefore have no chance against him.” When Haunaka heard this he came up
Ia lakou e piha ana ma Paauhau, lele aku la o Aiohikupua a pae i uka. Ninau aku la i ke kamaaina: “Heaha keia uwa o uka?” I mai la ke kamaaina: “He mokomoko na Haunaka, koonei mokomoko nui.” Pii aku la o Aiohikupua a hiki. Kahea mai la o Haunaka: “Hele mai.” A hiki o Aiohikupua i mua o Haunaka, olelo aku la o Aiohikupua. “Aole e eha ke keiki o Kauai ia oe. He lala kamahele no ka laau ku pali.” Ia
Aiohikupua e kamailio ana, hele mai la kekahi kanaka i ike ia ia i Kohala nei, a kahea ae la ia Haunaka. “E Haunaka a me ka aha. O ke kanaka no nei nana i kui mai nei o Ihuanu, i Kohala, a make loa. O kai nei puupuu, ua like me ka pololu ka oi, nolaila, aole oukou e ola.” A lohe o Haunaka, hele mai la ia a aloha ia Aiohikupua, a pau ae la ka mokomoko, hoi mai la o
Aiohikupua a holo i Hilo, e imi i ka wahine ia Laieikawai.
to Aiohikupua and extended his greetings.12 At the conclusion of the games Aiohikupua returned to his canoe and set sail for Hilo, on his way in search of his lover, Laieikawai.
CHAPTER II.
RELATING TO KIHANUILULUMOKU.—ULILI AND AIKEEHIALE. MOKUNA II.
NO KIHANUILULUMOKU.—ULILI
A ME AIKEEHIALE.
Kihanuilulumoku13 was the god of Kahalaomapuana and her sisters, who were living in Paliuli. This god had a very large and wide mouth. When opened the upper lip would touch the heaven while the lower lip touched the ground. This god was very powerful and nothing could overcome him. He was also very brave and he was placed as the watchman at Paliuli, where Laieikawai was residing.
O Kihanuilulumoku, he ’kua ia no Kahalaomapuana ma, i Paliuli kahi i noho ai. He oi kona waha i ka nui a me ke akea, e pa ka lehelehe luna i ka lani, a o ka lehelehe lalo i ka honua. A he ikaika loa ia mamua o na mea a pau loa, a he koa, a he kiai no Paliuli kahi o Laieikawai e noho ana. I ka wa e noho ana na kaikuahine o Aiohikupua i Paliuli, oia o Kahalaomapuana ma, e kiai ia. Hiki aku la o Aiohikupua a pae i kai o Keaau i Puna.
While the sisters of Aiohikupua, Kahalaomapuana and her sisters, were acting as the guards of Laieikawai in Paliuli, Aiohikupua arrived in Puna and landed at Keaau.
O ka nui o na waa o Aiohikupua ma keia holo ana, he iwakalua kaulua, elua kanaha [413]kaukahi, he kanaha waa peleleu nui, a he mau waa ohua ka nui. A he nui hoi na kanaka koa ma keia holo ana a Aiohikupua, a me na lii. Na mea kaua a pau loa, a me ka ilio aikanaka a Aiohikupua, o Kalahumoku ka inoa.
The number of canoes on this expedition under the command of Aiohikupua, was [412]twenty double canoes, eighty single canoes and forty large war canoes, besides several single ones carrying the servants.14
Aiohikupua had a large army with him on this expedition and with him were several chiefs. These warriors were all well armed and Aiohikupua had with him his man-eating dog, called Kalahumoku.
After the army had disembarked from the canoes at Keaau, Aiohikupua with his chief adviser went up to Paliuli to see Laieikawai. When they arrived at Paliuli, they saw the sisters of Aiohikupua guarding Laieikawai.
A mahope o ka pae ana o na waa o Aiohikupua ma Keaau, pii aku la ia me kona kuhina i Paliuli e nana ia Laieikawai. A hiki o Aiohikupua me kona kuhina i Paliuli, e noho ana na kaikuahine o Aiohikupua, he mau kiai no Laieikawai.
Olelo mai la lakou: “E Aiohikupua, e hoi oe ano, he kapu o uka nei.” Hoopaa aku o Aiohikupua. I mai o
Kahalaomapuana: “Ina oe e paa loa mai, make oe ano.” A lohe o Aiohikupua, a hoi mai la me ka
