Bicycle as a Transit Commuting Mode through Human Centered Design

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A movement dedicated to the research, observation, and design on various subjects related to urbanism; to provide innovative yet practical solutions through interactive methods to create a better city life.

A group of researcher, experience designer, and design facilitators that’s passionate to help explore social innovation strategies.

Somia CX help companies to uncover insights about customers and transform those into actionable and implementable product and service innovations to improve

xdslab.com @xds.lab

business performance.

@urbanplus.institute Contributors in this project: ● ● ●

Daniel Pratama Gabrielle Extensia Vallin Tsarina

somiacx.com @somiacx Contributors in this project: ● ● ● ● ●

Adam Nurilman Ananda Annisa P. Luna Diandra Intan Nur Amanah Bhisma Satya Said

Contributors in this project: ●

Satia Putra

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Other Contributors

DISHUB

Dinas Bina Marga

Transjakarta

MITJ

ITDP

Teguh Anugerah Sherly Gani

Riri Asnita Ahmad Hidayatullah Annysha Dina

Depnialex Pakpahan Rana Ramadani

Seno Pranata Donatus Edna Dravinda

Darys Ciptaghani Carlos Nemesis Michael Tanuhardjo Etsa Amanda Designers

Bike2Work

FDTJ

URBAN+ Institute

Somia CX

Arif Albahri Mahar Santoso

Catharina Krisanti Adriansyah Yasin Sulaeman

Yugo Purbhojoyo Regy Septian

Anindya Fitriyanti Fri Rasyidi

Argi Tendo Vania Edra Farah Nuraini Dian Anindya Dhea Sekararum Xena Levina Illustrator Julia Dahlan 3

Our Vision

Delivering research, analysis, insights, design, and solutions to promote the utilization of bicycle as a transit mode.

Photo by Mario Effendy on Unsplash

Photo Source Unsplash

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Our Objective

To build a shared vision in leveraging cycling trends into a more sustainable form of urban mobility.

Photo by Mario Effendy on Unsplash

Photo Source Unsplash

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What’s the big idea?

It’s

2022 cities are “building back better” and Cycling is valued as a reasonable and good mode of commuting.

The government, private entities, service providers, and the citizens are preparing for a better way to navigate the cities after the pandemic. The notion of living “within 15 minutes city” has became the the new urban agenda.

Cycling is expected to become the most reasonable and enjoyable options for the general citizens where jobs, housing, amenities, and transit facilities are within 15 minutes pedals away…

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Our journey so far

•

A GIS Network Analysis on how can we leverage cycling as a mode of first-mile & last-mile solution for a more sustainable Jakarta’s mobility

•

Findings on the potential of cycling and transit integration

•

Findings on where should stakeholders focus their cycling investments

Strategic Design Workshop

Stakeholders & User Research

Initial Spatial Analysis •

User research to understand their characteristics, motivations, and pain points

•

Multiple stakeholder in-depth interview to understand the potentials, challenges, and concerns about promoting cycling as a transit mode

•

Design sprint that focused on designing a desirable transit facilities & services that can inspire people (early adopters) to use bike as first mile - last mile transport mode?

•

Additional sprint that explore various business models that can support a curated emerging solutions

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Table of Contents

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1

Background Studies

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Building up on the Consensus: Jakarta “Bike-Friendly City” 1.

Bicycle regulations that include infrastructures, fines, safety procedures, cycling behaviors, and recommendations towards the building of cycling cultures, and the requirements of cycling facilities provision

2.

Proportional budgetary planning for cycling infrastructures

3.

Ease of access to bicycle

4.

More children are able to cycle in Jakarta

5.

Comfortable bicycle environment with good air quality

6.

Spread of bicycle culture through stakeholders participation

7.

Safety & security for cycling in jakarta

8.

Proper bicycle lane provision in Jakarta’s arterial road

9.

Good street infrastructures & secure bicycle parking facilities in public area

10.

Provision of changing area and/or shower room for cyclists

Source: ITDP Indonesia

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Perks of Cycling as First-Mile & Last-Mile Solutions

Cycling can reach further area compared to walking, yet is also far more affordable than taking a motor taxi

*) 4km is assumed to be the convenient distance for bicycle commuting with a leisurely pace

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How significant is the integration of cycling with current public transportation network?

Integrating Cycling facilities such as dedicated lanes and parking facilities with the existing transit station can benefit Jakarta:

Walking for 10 minutes away from all transit stations cover

Cycling for 15 minutes away from all transit stations cover

15%

80%

of total Jakarta’s area

of total Jakarta’s area

1.

More service areas per transit stations

2.

More people that can reach transit stations

3.

More destinations covered by using public transportation

4.

Reduce traffic by shifting to non-motorized vehicle

5.

More sustainable mobility options for a better future

Using GIS Network analysis, we can simulate the hypothetical additional service area of every transit station in Jakarta if cycling is positioned as the first-mile & last-mile solution

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Cycling as recreation / sports

The Future of Cycling: a Behavioral Shift

Cycling as a mode of commuting

We believe in the betterment of public transportation system. Therefore, more people should have access to it.

Cycling as first mile transport

Cycling as last mile transport

By shifting the utilization of bicycle use from as a sport to a first-mile & last-mile solution, we can open opportunities for people that lives beyond the walking distance of public transport

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How can we focus our effort to target transit stations that will yield the most significant results?

By understanding the relations between population, destinations, and transit points we can: Population Distribution within Transit Service Area

MRT Bundaran HI Office Bendungan Hilir Dukuh Atas BNI Bundaran HI Commerce Bendungan Hilir Asean Bundaran HI Amenities Dukuh Atas BNI Fatmawati Bundaran HI Population Dukuh Atas BNI Fatmawati

1.

Focus infrastructures investments on stations that will serve more population

2.

Focus infrastructures investments on stations that will serve more destination

3.

Identify surrounding potential collaborators

Destination location allocated to the nearest transit stations

TransJakarta Museum Fatahillah Tanah Merdeka Pasar Genjing Kebon Pala Pasar Genjing Museum Fatahillah PGC 1 RS Harapan Bunda Tanah Merdeka Jembatan Besi Taman Kota Plumpang PGC 1

KRL Kramat Jakarta Kota Kebayoran Kebayoran Kramat Jakarta Kota Duren Kalibata Kebayoran Klender Baru Kebayoran Tanjung Priok Klender Baru

The list of ransit stations with the largest office, commercial, amenities and population yield

In this analysis, we can pinpoint which stations that potentially will yield the most population yield as well as destination outreach. Therefore, stakeholders can narrow their focuses on intervening these specific stations.

For more detail on the study email: daniel.pratama@urb4nplus.com

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2

What They Are Saying

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We Spoke To: The Stakeholders & The Experts

Transjakarta

MITJ

Dishub DKI Jakarta

We invited various stakeholders and end-users from different backgrounds to contribute to our study by taking part in a small number of engagement by interviews and workshops.

ITDP

FDTJ

Initial interviews provide an opportunity for relevant stakeholders and end-users to put forward their perspectives and discuss the ways in which further sharpen our basis study

The End-Users (11 Cyclists)

Our workshops provided an excellent opportunity for participants to exchange ideas and explore solutions with perspectives from a wide range of stakeholders.

4 New Cyclists (Recreational)

5 Commuters (Mix-mode)

2 Commuters (End-to-end)

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How the expert interviews sharpen the direction for our user research

Currently, using bike for end to end commuting is much more preferable rather than as transit commuting only.

Service providers are willing to explore mixed mode integration with bike, but they’re not sure what are the services needed.

Currently, the government doesn’t have a nuanced understanding of the needs between for general bike user vs. transit commuting user.

End to end bike commute is healthier and much more simpler than mixing it with commuter lines. But, there’s a growing interest in non-extreme bike users in using bike as first & last mile. They’re driven by lifestyle trends & cost efficiency

They also need a viable business model in order to sustain the service operations.

The lack of data to prove prominent use case of bike as first mile - last mile option caused lack of investment plan to support it.

In order to design a desirable transit experience..

In order to design desirable & viable services..

In order to convince government to invest on robust bike infrastructure for first & last mile..

We need to understand the underlying motivations of using bike for commuting

We need to understand people’s challenges in transit commuting

We need to increase the use cases, and support with strong data 17

What we discover from the user research

1

Underlying motive that motivate people to use bicycle is to have the feeling of in control over their time and how they spend their money

2

Three main barriers experienced by cyclists when using mix modes (public transport & bicycle): (a) Inadequate Parking Lot; (b) lack of proper supporting facilities in transit; (c) feeling uncomfortable feeling of being too crowded or full

3

The level of tolerance of cyclists to road conditions increases as they gain more cycling experience; therefore, converting new or recreational cyclist to use mixed modes would be challenging as their tolerance to poor & unpredictable road condition is still relatively low

For more detail on the insights email: satia@somiacx.com

What are the underlying motifs that motivate people to use bicycle? having control of

having control of

time

expense The pleasure of cycling is that I am free to decide how, when, and where to go. I don't have to depend on things beyond my control; such as do I have enough gasoline, or how long do I have to wait for taxi to pick me up.

Ms. P, 27 years old Regular Bike and MRT user

Cycling has become a necessity for me because it provides me a more economical choice. By cycling, I can reduce my expense for transport from 50k to 11k each day.

Mr. A, 35 years old Folding Bike and TJ user

So What?

Intervention that provide transparency and accessibility of information that can help prepare a cyclist mentally (i.e. information on parking facilities, which bus stops / stations are cyclist-friendly) is critical to help create sense of control for them

basic motivation for commuting by bike is

the feeling of having control 19

What barriers are experienced by cyclist when transitioning from cycling to public transportation?

3

Main Barriers experienced by cyclists when in transit / changing mode to a public transport

In-Station Experience

1

In-Transit Experience

2

3

Inadequate Parking Lot

Mode-Changing Can Be A Hassle

Uncomfortable Jam-Packed Feeling

uncomfortable feeling to leave bike unattended & lack of bike parking service information

lack of proper supporting facilities in transit; such as narrow and steep stairs

feeling the need to wait the crowd to subside or anticipating by coming in early

parking bike

"If I ride my bicycle and take TJ, I have to be ready to spend a lot of time on commute. Apart from the uncertain arrival time, I also had to wait for a bus that is not too crowded for me to take my bicycle inside. Therefore I usually leave earlier to compensate all of these uncertainties."

Ms. R, 27 years old Folding Bike and TJ user

carrying bike 20

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The Workshops

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Innovation Framework Human centred design starts with desirability

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Translating the framework into series of collaborative workshop Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Desirability

Feasibility

Viability

Reframing opportunity areas based on user insights. Exploring desirable ideas & concepts.

Concept evaluation and iteration in order to increase organisational & technical feasibility.

Exploring the service models & business models that can sustain the solution.

These workshops are attended by curated experts & stakeholders to get a comprehensive perspective in approaching the problem ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Experience Designers Service Designers Creative Technologists Urban Designers Transportation Planners Transit Provider Representatives Government Representatives 23

The Workshops part I: Desirability

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Desirability

Feasibility

Viability

Reframing Opportunity using Lightning Talks + HMW mapping

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Desirability

Feasibility

Viability

Exploring solutions thru Lightning Demo, Crazy 8s sketching, 3 Step Concepts, Concept Voting

Lightning Demo

Crazy 8s sketching

3 Step Concept

Concept Voting

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Desirability

Feasibility

Viability

Articulating solutions thru Service Journey Mapping

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Desirability

Feasibility

Viability

Concepts that we come up with

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The Workshops part II: Feasibility

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Desirability

Feasibility

Viability

Concept iteration based on technical & organisational feasibility to build & scale

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Desirability Concept evolution

Feasibility

Viability

Desirability

Feasibility

Viability

Concept evolution

Concept Testing → What works / doesn’t work?

Desirability

Feasibility

Viability

Concept evolution

Concept Testing → What works / doesn’t work?

The Workshops part III: Viability

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Desirability

Feasibility

Viability

Business model design based on user insights from concept testing + analogous inspirations

Business Model Canvas

Analogous inspirations

Revenue model ideation & voting

Guesstimation exercise

Desirability

Feasibility

Viability

Business model design based on user insights from concept testing + analogous inspirations

Viability Workshop

Feasibility workshop

Concept Testing → What works / doesn’t work?

Viability Workshop

Market Opportunity

11mio 83% 9mio 57% 5mio

13% Total Jakarta’s Population

21%

Occasional** Utilitarian Frequent* Recreational

63%

Occasional** Recreational

3%

Jakarta’s Population lives within 15 minutes from Public Transportation ppid.transjakarta.co.id (2019)

Jakarta’s population that have bicycle ITDP Indonesia - Non-motorized Transport Survey (2019, n=224)

Frequent* Utilitarian

* Frequent Ride > once per week until everyday **Occasional Ride < once per month until < 4 times per month ITDP Indonesia - Non-motorized Transport Survey (2019, n=144)

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5 Key Strategy to enable the use of bike as transit commuting mode 1. Focus on convenience & discovery

2. Recreational use cases as entry point

3. Safe & sufficient transit service & facilities

4. Provide sense of control

5. Accelerate data-driven investment

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From strategy to implementation: key ideas worth exploring ●

1. Focus on convenience & discovery

● ●

UGC routes creation to explore tertiary & secondary roads that provides higher level of convenience UGC mechanism to provide wide variety of experiential routes UGC / expert reviews to ensure safety & security of routes

2. Recreational use cases as entry point

● ●

Mapping of Point of Interest discoverability by cycling Increasing accessibility of community cycling to first timers, through digital platform

3. Safe & sufficient transit service & facilities

● ●

Public Private Collaboration scheme to provide bike facility Flexible placement of facilities & services

4. Provide sense of control

● ●

Facility information booking system Optional facilities modules according to user’s preference

5. Accelerate data-driven investment

● ●

Transit commuting behavioral data Community reporting system

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4

Product & Service Recommendations

Photo by Linkedin Sales Navigator on Unsplash 41

Product & Service Recommendations

2

1

Focus on convenience & discovery

Safe & sufficient transit service & facilities

Recreational Use Cases as Entry Point

Provide sense of control

Accelerate data driven investment

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The quickest route is not necessarily the safest route, The safest route is not necessarily the most desirable one.

Cycling is a unique and deeply personalized experience. Some cyclists want less distance to destination, some wants safer lanes, some wants more challenging experience.

We need to find ways to let cyclists create their own journey.

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BikeApp

Create your cycling route Craft your experience Focus on convenience & discovery

Recreational Use Cases as Entry Point

Accelerate data driven investment

Photo by Nicholas Ng on Unsplash

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BikeApp

Wayfinding & Route Discovery

User Generated Bike Route Creation Challenge yourself to go to new adventures thru creating routes: secondary & tertiary roads, greeneries, cafes, views, street food, heritage sites, etc.

CREATIVE ROUTES ECOSYSTEM

Variety of unique experiential routes inspires people to start transit commuting.

Bike Route & Facilities Report Ensure safety & security using user reporting mechanism.

BikeApp

Journey preparation & social support

Bike-related Information Get updated on the weather, public announcement & other information that can improve your cycling experience

Facilities & Experience Booking System Book a bike locker, bike-rent, or a restaurant table for better cycling experience

Social Community Building Share your riding sessions, submit your routes, and find cycling / commuting mates

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BikeApp

Prototype

Integrated with cycling information and bike facilities

Bike-centric wayfinding

Neighborhood Discovery

User-Generated route submission

User-Generated report & review 47

Product & Service Recommendations

2

1

Focus on convenience & discovery

Safe & sufficient transit service & facilities

Recreational Use Cases as Entry Point

Provide sense of control

Accelerate data driven investment

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We’d love to provide more facilities for bicycle, however, we simply don’t have the space Transjakarta

We tried adding bike rack in public area, but it seems like no cyclists are using it MITJ

I feel uncomfortable leaving my bike unattended in public area, therefore, I prefer “nitip” my bike to a nearby shops where there are security officers Mr. B, 22 years old Non-folding Bike and TJ user 49

MODU-LOCK

Safe & sufficient transit service

Provide sense of control

Modular & Adaptable Bike Storage Facilities in Privately-owned Spaces 50

MODU-LOCK

MODU-LOCK Placement case near Cipete MRT Station

rent a locker space & maybe buy a breakfast!

glad that the shopkeeper can look after the locker!

Modular system makes it easy for various placement situation Cyclists love it when bicycle parks are located within walking distance towards public transport.

However, these areas sometimes does not have adequate spaces for dedicated bicycle parking.

Modular system makes it possible to provide bike parking space in the tightest space available by integrating it in surrounding privately owned spaces.

Possible bike placement scenarios:

Modu-lock Placement case near Halte Pasar Genjing If you buy a book in my shop you can have the locker free today! so nice that this locker is close to the TJ’s bridge

•

Retail’s outdoor areas

•

Offices / Hotel lobby

•

Parking Areas in lieu of motorbike park or car park

•

Transit Station’s assemblage / unpaid area

•

Dead space (under pedestrian bridge)

•

Empty house garage

•

Etc.

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MODU-LOCK

5 + 1 Adaptable Modular Bike Facilities for Every Situation Modular & Adaptable solution Adjust, adapt, and grow modular solutions for every space availability situation. Locker options are available to adjust to various end-user preferences.

1

Payment Interface / Shopkeeper

• Interface module to open/close locker • Can be substituted with actual shopkeeper from utilized retail areas

2

Vertical Open Lock System

• Open lock system for users that prefer quicker lock system • Tighter space required for more bike

3

Closed Lock System Vertical

• Closed locker with a vertical bike configuration for less horizontal space • Secure from bike accessories theft (bike saddles, speedometers, etc)

4

Closed Lock System Horizontal

• Closed locker with a horizontal bike configuration for less vertical space • Secure from bike accessories theft (bike saddles, speedometers, etc)

5

Bike Repair Station

At a later stage, the system can be integrated to an app for easier booking, payments, and monitoring.

• Optional simple repair stations for easy bike fix

App Integration

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MODU-LOCK

A Collaboration that Distributes Values

•

Transit Provider

•

(MRT, KRL, TJ)

•

•

Provide Modules & Pay rents

Private Entities (cafés, retails, offices, etc.)

Provide Space & Partnership Fees

• Provide Security & Provide facilities discovery experiences & booking system

•

Payment per storage use & provide mobility data

Provide foot traffics & advertising opportunity

Cyclists (end users)

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5

The Ideal Journey

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Meet Lola!

Lola is a 25 years old researcher!

She lives in Cipete and works at a private research firm near Bundaran HI. She is trying to lead a more active lifestyle while cutting down transportation costs.

She loves café hopping in Cipete after office hour ends.

illustration by @julliasd

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Step 1: Preparing the Journey Before I go to work I need to check the weather, find safe routes, and book a bike locker

Cycling Route Planning Commuting rides, leisure rides, sports rides, all under one app

User-Generated Routes Create, review, and rate bicycle routes! Popular routes are suggested to the government for more improvements

Integrated Service with Bike Facilities Book a bike locker, rent a bike-share, book a bike repair session, and other facilities

illustration by @julliasd

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Step 2: Journey to Cipete MRT Station (first-mile) Wow! Look at all these new dedicated bike lanes.

User-Generated Routes

The government are reading our route suggestions and adding up these new bike infrastructures!

Create, review, and rate bicycle routes! Popular routes are suggested to the government for more improvements

Also, lots of new cafés are opening here.

Maybe the increased number of cyclist and pedestrians are the reason.

I am rating this route 4.5 stars

illustration by @julliasd

User Rate & Reviews for bike infrastructures Report a pothole, missing bike lane, or recommend a route!

User data and reviews are delivered to the government to create an informed decision in creating integrated sustainable transportation network

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Step 3: Near Cipete MRT Station This bike locker is a life-saver!

I saved up for this new bike, so I don’t want it to be stolen.

This closed locker is absolutely secure and seamless! All right, in you go yellow

Bike Facilities in Private Spaces Bike locker, racks, vending machines, repair stations are integrated to private spaces near transit stations. This solves the space rarity issues that transit providers have.

A Partnership that benefit everyone Cyclists benefit from the provision of bike facilities near transit stations Transit Providers benefit from the space provided by private entities and additional income from cyclist’s usage

On a side note, maybe I should get that cappuccino promo illustration by @julliasd

Private Entities benefit from additional traffic to their space and partnership fees from transit provider

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Step 4: When in the train Integrated Service with Bike Facilities

I feel safe that my bike is inside the locker ☺

Book a bike locker, rent a bike-share, book a bike repair session, and other facilities

Oops! I should book a bike in Bundaran HI. Otherwise, I will need to walk or ride a moto-taxi to my office illustration by @julliasd

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Step 5: At Bundaran HI Station towards the office (last mile) I sure like this bike-share system. They are easy to use and are available at every stations!

It’s great that people that don’t have a bike can also ride in this beautiful street!

Accommodating non-cyclists & new users Bike sharing can be a great way to introduce cycling as a commuting mode for those that currently don’t have their bike! It can also be integrated to the journey of a regular cyclist that have their own bike.

Integrated with Third Parties Provider Bike sharing can be provided from various entities. Keep it simple with one integrated app for all cycling solutions

illustration by @julliasd

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Step 6: Arrived at the office Ah finally arrived at my lovely office!

Regulation Enforcement

I’m gonna dock this bike, freshen up a little bit at the showers and then up we go!

With the new rating and review system, companies are pushed to provide better cycling facilities in their properties. Government should always keep an eye to enforce the new cycling facilities regulation

Modular system helps Companies fulfil their Cycling Facilities Requirement We can help companies to provide the necessary facilities such as bike locker, docks, and showers. With a modular system that can easily be plugged-in in various situation, fulfilling such requirements should not be a hassle

illustration by @julliasd

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Step 7: Return of the Jedi we should ride together sometimes!

Advertisement Revenue Retailers can promote themselves when located along bike routes.

Route Discovery hmm where should I eat for dinner?

Find routes according to your preference or get adventurous! find various point of interest along your way home

Social Media Integration Connect to fellow cyclists, promote your routes, review your experience, create an event and get recognized!

illustration by @julliasd

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5 Key Strategy to enable the use of bike as transit commuting mode 1. Focus on convenience & discovery

2. Recreational use cases as entry point

3. Safe & sufficient transit service

4. Provide sense of control

5. Accelerate data-driven investment

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Collaborative implementation Transit Providers

1. Focus on convenience & discovery

2. Recreational use cases as entry point

Mapping interesting PoI near stations (street food, parks, cafes, etc)

3. Safe & sufficient transit service

Partner with private entities to build parking facilities

4. Provide sense of control

Create information & booking platform

5. Accelerate data-driven investment

Local Government

Private Entities

Community, NGO

Provide incentive scheme to encourage private entities to provide space for parking facilities

Provide merchants data & promo to be discovered by bikers

Build recreational cycling programs using mixed mode transportation

Provide spaces to be used for parking facilities

Help map out important transit locations

Ensure the safety, and security of bicycle infra in public realm

Create information & booking platform

Create tips n trick contents for transit commuting

Support govt in data driven decision making

Provide feedbacks on transit facilities

Support new creative routes with high performance

Collect & analyze mobility data to improve transit ecosystem

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We are realizing that if you have people walk and bicycle more,you have a more lively, more livable, more attractive, more safe, more sustainable, and more healthy city So, what are you waiting for?

Jan Gehl

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@urbanplus.institute

@xds.lab

@somiacx

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