December 4, 2015

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Friday december 4, 2015 vol. cxxxix no. 115

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Eisgruber ’83, Drink Local to discuss bottled water

By Marcia Brown staff writer

Three Office of Sustainability interns working on the Drink Local Initiative will present a plan of action to reduce waste and wasted energy from bottled water to University President Christopher Eisgruber ’83 in three weeks.

The presentation is being made as the University shapes its 2016 campus plan and possibly its 30-year outlook.

The initiative was launched in 2009 when the Office of Sustainability started giving out water bottles to all incoming freshmen, Director of the Office of Sustainability Shana Weber said. It has since expanded to include retrofitting water fountains on campus and building new water fountains in more accessible spaces.

Weber said there are over 200 filtered water-refilling stations that the plumbing shop in the University Facilities office has installed as part of the Drink Local initiative. Each station is on a schedule to change its filter as well.

The interns said they are planning an educational campaign to change students’ behaviors regarding bottled water.

However, they noted that they think banning bottled water is unrealistic and won’t solve the problem, although a goal is to

eliminate bottled water from late meal.

One of the interns, Sofia Hiltner ’17, said that at other universities where they banned bottled water, students resorted to buying it in bulk for their rooms or drinking bottled sodas or juices.

“In the end, this becomes a psychological, social psychology project to incentivize certain behaviors,” Hiltner said.

“To show it’s not inconvenient to have a reusable water bottle.”

Efforts have included giving every freshman reusable water bottles. However, Weber noted that according to a survey, only half of the freshmen still have their water bottles at the end of the year.

Drink Local 2015 Survey report, provided by intern Dora Demszky ’17, found that 67.6 percent of students receive a reusable water bottle upon arrival at the University, but only 34 percent of students still have their water bottle. Moreover, 75.3 percent of students reported they never use their Drink Local reusable water bottle.

“Everyone has to understand for a change to be sustainable,” Hiltner said.

The interns said that last year’s blind taste tests revealed that there is no discernible difference between bottled water and tap water.

“Given that tap water is regSee WATER page 5

CLOUD NINE

LIN KING :: STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Cloud Nine, directed by R. N. Sandberg, will be performed on Friday and Saturday at 8 p.m.

BEYOND THE BUBBLE

Work at U. helped Nobel Prize winners

By Andie Ayala staff writer

There are 40 current and previous members of the University, including faculty, staff and alumni, that have won the Nobel Prize since the prize was founded in 1901, according to the University’s website on the Nobel Prize.

One University-affiliated

individual has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, two in physiology or medicine, three in literature, four in chemistry, twelve in economics and eighteen in physics.

Three scholars associated with the University were awarded the Nobel Prize this year — former postdoctoral researcher Tomas Lindahl in chemistry, economics pro-

fessor Angus Deaton in economics and former physics professor Arthur McDonald in physics.

A total of eleven laureates were granted the prize in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace this year.

Neither Harvard nor Yale had affiliated Nobel laureates See NOBEL page 2

Q&A

U N I V E R S I T Y A F FA I R S

Q&A: Karla Hoff GS ’89, senior research economist at the World Bank

Dolan, Calhoun hold town hall on residential colleges, grade deflation

senior writer

her career trajectory and the field of behavioral economics.

Karla Hoff GS ’89 is a senior research economist at the World Bank and she was co-director of the World Development Report 2015 on Mind, Society and Behavior. The report was cited in the New York Times as having helped make behavioral development economics a field that can produce “small miracles” from the perspective of standard economics. She sat down with The Daily Princetonian to talk about

Daily Princetonian: How did you get to where you are now and how did you get into this work?

Karla Hoff GS ’89: I went to college at a time when college students weren’t thinking of finding a career but just of getting a very strong education. My favorite subjects turned out to be in French literature because I felt they were a way of discovering dif-

ferent ways of conceptualizing the individual and society.

I didn’t want to be a French teacher. I wanted to continue using French so I joined the Peace Corps and went to Côte d’Ivoire. That was my first experience in a poor country. I got hepatitis and had to leave early and I wanted to return, but in a position where I could do development work. … It took me so long to finally get a job offer that I had given up and I had accepted a job from See Q&A page 3

BAC

LIN KING :: STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

BAC Dance Company will perform its fall show, The Motive, on Friday and Saturday at 6:30 and 9 p.m.

By Annie Yang senior writer

The University Task Force on General Education plans to reevaluate distribution requirements which haven’t been changed in nearly 20 years, Dean of the College Jill Dolan said in a joint town hall meeting on Thursday.

Dolan explained that working to reevaluate the general education curriculum is one of her priorities and that her goal is to see where the campus climate fits in the discussion.

Vice President for Campus Life W. Rochelle Calhoun said that although the University is diverse, it struggles with acknowledging plurality within its student body. She added that an institutional level effort to focus on diversity and inclusion would improve students’ experiences and well-being.

Calhoun said she is excited for the addition of a new position in diversity and inclusion in her office and looks forward to a new appointee in the upcoming months. The role would include working closely with different parts of the University and working with staff and students to ensure the University is making progress toward diversity, equity and inclusion, she said.

In Opinion

Today on Campus

The Editorial Board advocates for a reconsideration of the University’s current discipline policy, and guest contributor John Cooper ’61 seeks to correct facts about Woodrow Wilson.

PAGE 6-7

8 p.m.: The Princeton Dance Festival, which features student performers and repertoire and restaged works by notable choreographers, is presented by the Program in Dance.

Berlind Theatre.

The individual would work with different centers such as the Undergraduate Student Government and the Carl A. Fields Center to better the experience of all students.

Tracking student climate on campus is also a priority, Calhoun explained.

Dolan and Calhoun both noted that their goals are to connect students with the University to demystify the institution and build a stronger relationship between students and the University. Calhoun added that their jobs are to determine students’ needs and actualizing those goals.

Other topics discussed include expansion of residential colleges and grade def lation.

Dolan said that two-year residential colleges such as Wilson and Forbes are low on housing but have difficulty expanding due to little available space for displaced students as a result of construction. The 2016 Campus Plan is currently focusing on plans for rehabilitations of older buildings, she said.

“There’s a desire to keep expanding [them] into fouryear colleges, which will happen in the future,” she noted.

Dolan said that the current residential college system is a good model for student colSee MEETING page 4

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Friday december 4, 2015

The Daily Princetonian

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Economics professor Angus Deaton, former professor Arthur McDonald and former postdoctoral fellow Tomas Lindahl won 2015 Nobel Prizes in economics, physics and chemistry, respectively.

Nobel laureates praise U.’s teaching focus, interdisciplinary study NOBEL

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this year.

Dean for Research Pablo Debenedetti noted how the University has traditionally been very strong in the quality of research it produces.

“Princeton has been prosperous and keeps on getting better,” he said.

While numbers show that the department with the most Nobel prizes is the physics department, Debenedetti said the University has top scholars and top researchers across the board. Although the Nobel Prize is an extremely distinguished award, he explained that there are entire disciplines where no Nobel prizes are awarded, such as mathematics or departments within the school of engi-

neering.

“Of course, physics is a very strong department, and a department that we are very proud of, but that is based on a long tradition of excellence and not just based on the number of Nobel laureates,” he said.

Debenedetti added that what makes the University distinctive from other universities is that every professor teaches and is involved in undergraduate education.

“People who come to Princeton are committed to both excellence in research and excellence in teaching,” he explained.

To varying degrees, all of the University-affiliated Nobel laureates conducted research in the University that eventually aided them in their findings related to their Nobel Prize recognition.

Deaton noted that he did most of his research in the University, unlike others who spend only part of their career at the University. He said that the University was of great help to him in terms of its resources, which meant that if he ever needed anything for his research, he would get it.

Deaton added that he also benefited from interacting with professors from various disciplines.

“One of the characteristics of top universities is that they have wonderful people in them,” he said.

He noted that the University’s focus on interdisciplinary programs, as evidenced by the Wilson School, which was integral in his research, allows researchers to simultaneously maintain a high level of academics and pursue

public policy research.

McDonald, who taught in the University from 1982 to 1989, said that he first started his study on neutrinos, which ultimately led to him winning the Nobel Prize, while being a tenured professor at the University.

He noted that while at the University, teaching and working with undergraduate students was very valuable in both of his projects. He added that students were always a significant part of the research.

“It really is the quality of the faculty and students in the physics department that makes it a great place,” he said.

McDonald added that he loved working at the University, and that in fact, he is still part of the External Review Committee for the Uni-

versity’s physics department and recently returned to do work on a collaboration project with some University professors.

Lindahl, who did his postgraduate research at the University in the mid-1960s, received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for mechanistic studies of DNA repair.

Chemistry department head Tom Muir noted that while Lindahl’s research on RNA at the University may not have directly contributed toward his research on DNA repair, which helped him win the prize, it “presumably led him to appreciate the fragility of nucleic acid,” noting that the papers he published during his time at the University formed the basis for his later works.

Lindahl did not respond to a request for comment.

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Hoff GS ’89 discusses intersection of economics, psychology Q&A

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one of my teachers who left Fletcher [School of Law and Diplomacy] to head an office at the Treasury Department.

I couldn’t change my mind after I did get a job offer with the UN because he’d moved mountains to get my job through, since Jimmy Carter had imposed a stoppage of all hiring.

So I went and took that job, and really loved it for a couple years while Jimmy Carter was president and my old teacher was heading the office. I learned how international tax systems work. But when my boss left and when Ronald Reagan came in … I was dealing directly with people that I felt were just trying to abuse the tax system. … I was working extraordinary hours in what seemed to me a somewhat corrupt system and I just felt that wasn’t for me, so I wanted to get out. Everyone I worked with was either a lawyer or an economist. And I chose economics. So I picked up some courses … My first few jobs were completely applied theory. In the mid-90s, I was invited to apply for a research job at the World Bank and I ended up taking that job. Then I had to, for the first time, do field work. I initially started in India. … I had a very surprising result, something that no rational actor would ever do. … Then all I wanted to do was more study on behavioral economics and caste in India. So that explains how I was one of the first people at the Bank and doing research to get into behavioral economics and how I was in a position to accept a directorship for the [World Development Report] when the Bank chose to take on a topic of behavioral eco-

nomics.

DP: Now that you have told me a little bit about how you got to where you are, can you tell me about the field you’re in?

And behavioral economics as it is evolving?

KH: I would say there’s two broad streams of behavioral economics. One brings in just one new variable, the context of a moment. And it shows how seemingly unimportant details can change behavior.

Did I remind you of an aspect of your social identity when you had to make a decision?

Did I use language that made you feel a decision would affect a gain rather than a loss?

Did I use language that would make you think that a decision will affect deaths averted rather than lives saved? So I make a decision — were you comparing yourself to one set of seemingly irrelevant groups, or another set of seemingly irrelevant groups? None of these things turn out to be irrelevant. So that’s the first main branch of behavioral economics.

The second branch, which is the one I’m more interested in, brings in a second variable, besides the context of a moment. The second variable I call mental models. A sociologist at Princeton call it schemas. What they are, are mental structures that you use to process information. To organize the information and interpret it. And you can’t not use such structures. You’re confronted with extraordinary amounts of information.

You have to consciously or unconsciously choose what to attend to, and what meaning to assign to it. And in doing those things, you are using mental structures, and what’s what we’re calling schemas or mental models. Some mental

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models could be idiosyncratic. Some could be innate. The ones I’m interested in are the learned mental models, the cultural ones. And once you think of that as a new variable, there’s a whole set of new things you can explain. For example, differences in behavior between groups. And a whole new set of variables you can implement. For example, soap operas seem to be a way to change how people think about the possibilities of the lives of a woman. … So it’s an enormously exciting way of thinking about what causes what, which is outside the standard economic model. …

I think the most exciting areas in behavioral economics are

“Economists tend to think that laws can fix problems. But if laws don’t have conventions that underlie them ... very often the laws go numb.”

Karla Hoff GS ’89, those that take into account not just the new variable of the context of the moment but also take into account the context to which we’ve been exposed for either a short or long or even remote period of time, and how they have affected our mental models, and therefore affect our behavior. … I’m broadly defining behavioral economics to include not just the work that counts, the quasi-rationality of decisionmakers, but also that counts the historical influences on our choices. And I’m interpreting those influences as

acting through mental models which shape what we attend to, how we aggregate it, how we interpret it. And so it is very much in the spirit of behavioral economics, which is to build an economics around a psychologically more realistic notion of the individual.

DP: How does your work and study in the field of behavioral economics intersect with development work?

KH: Very closely. The central question in development is how can we increase the welfare of people in poor countries? How can we advance the income level of the average person in these countries?

Behavioral economics offers a new set of tools for interventions and there are examples where they have been extremely successful in ways that are really not possible to interpret plausibly through standard economics … I think that behavioral economics initially was focused just on fixing small problems: how do we get you to save more? How do we get you to eat healthy? I feel it’s a very promising area to solve big problems. How do we get countries to give women a chance? How do we get countries not to tolerate corruption? How do we get countries to have norms in which people reliably perform their jobs?

DP: Given that this is such a new and evolving field, what would be your advice for students who are interested in studying and working with behavioral economics?

KH: My advice would be to learn how to run experiments and ideally to get practice running experiments. I would recommend to a young person that he get techniques to design, run and analyze ex-

periments to try to pick up a one-year job or a two-year job right out of college running experiments and then figure out if he wants to do applied work or academic work. Does he want to do it in the field of psychology? Economics? Political Science? Sociology? All these fields contribute to an understanding of how people behave. All of them increasingly have a demand for experimental work.

DP:What’s next for you? What are research questions you still want to ask or projects you want to undertake?

KH: I’m finishing up right now — hopefully within the next few days — a paper with my Princeton thesis advisor called “Striving for Balance in Economics” toward a theory of the social determinants of behavior. It builds on the WDR. Then I’m finishing a paper based on fieldwork done over many years on the problem of the emergence of conventions.

Economists tend to think that laws can fix problems. But if laws don’t have conventions that underlie them and certainly if laws go against the underlying conventions, very often the laws go numb. … If conventions are important, if you can’t just fix problems with laws, then you need to know, where do conventions come from and how can you get better conventions? … It was a really fun experiment that I think the WDR helped me understand better. And then my last project is about evaluating theater for development, which is participatory theater designed to help people think critically about oppressive institutions. Such a program has existed in Calcutta for 30 years. My colleague has been collecting data on it and we want to evaluate it.

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Town hall focuses on distribution requirements MEETING Continued from page 1

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laboration that will remain in place for the future. She said she hopes that more academic experiences take place within the residential colleges to have the colleges truly embody living and learning communities. A Residential College Task Force Report will be published in the near future with recommendations for potential residential college expansion, she added.

On grade def lation, Dolan said the majority of students

are pleased that the grade def lation policy is no longer in place but noted that many departments have different grading scales. Part of her role as a dean is to encourage different departments to publish rubrics and make grading policies more transparent to students, she added.

Dolan said that she only has a year’s worth of data so far on grade def lation and a significant data collection will occur in the next two or three years.

The town hall meeting was held in McCosh 62 at 4:30 p.m. on Thursday.

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Bottled water poses safety, cost concerns WATER

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ulated, the cost of bottled water is enormous,” Weber said.

“When you go to the register, the amount you’re paying for bottled water is more than what you’d pay for the same amount of gasoline.”

Tap water costs $0.0004 per gallon versus $1.22 to $7.50 per gallon of bottled water, Weber noted.

“It’s astonishing that we’re willing to [spend that much],” Weber said. “It’s really a superb marketing campaign.”

The interns said they have not been able to obtain numbers from Campus Dining Services regarding how much bottled water is purchased or sold.

Moreover, tap water can prove safer than bottled water because the latter can legally contain higher amounts of substances such as iron and arsenic. According to intern Reka Zempleni ’16, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulates bottled water while the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulates tap water.

Bottled water manufacturers do not have to reveal their production and cleaning processes, and their labeling does not reveal all information about

The Daily Princetonian

“levels of potentially harmful contents or the method of treatment,” she added. “[The FDA has] thresholds for things in the water but bottled water is a trademark,” Zempleni said. “There are trade secrets, even with FDA regulations. You can’t really know how they process the water, so you can’t exactly know what’s in bottled water and can only hope that they meet the FDA standards.”

Beyond bottled water, the interns report that creating sustainable habits with students requires a shift at the University.

“On campus, you find all these contradictions,” Hiltner said. “You see the golf carts that use a lot of gas and this sense of overabundance that isn’t really justified. It doesn’t really reflect a lifestyle you can have elsewhere in the world.”

Weber said she hopes that campus sustainability initiatives at the University and other campuses will have a broader impact. In many ways, the Drink Local campaign is building on itself and its messaging is improving, Weber said.

“It will take persistent effort,” Weber said. “Especially if we’re serious about demonstrating how to live more sustainably and using Princeton’s campus as an example of that.”

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Opinion

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EDITORIAL

External crime and internal University discipline

O

n Nov. 24, The Daily Princetonian reported the circulation of a petition for a student’s future readmission to the University after incarceration for drug offenses. The former student, Julian Edgren, was arrested for drug possession and distribution. After pleading guilty to 13 counts of possession and intent to distribute controlled substances and prescription drugs, he was sentenced to five years in jail.

Because various accounts of Edgren’s status at the University since the conviction have been circulated, the Board does not take a stance on whether Edgren himself should be readmitted after carrying out his sentence. However, in light of Edgren’s case, the Board puts forth a set of disciplinary policy proposals for removing and reevaluating students who face criminal charges to determine whether they should be allowed to continue their education at the University.

According to Section 1.1.7 of Rights, Rules, and Responsibilities, there is no more severe action a disciplinary body may take than to permanently remove a student from the University community. Given that the University disciplinary norm is to issue several less severe punishments to a student before finally expelling him or her, the Board believes immediate expulsion is a disciplinary action that should only be

reserved for two groups of students: those who have committed multiple disciplinary infractions and have had multiple opportunities away from campus to rehabilitate themselves, and those who have been convicted of violent criminal offenses.

The Board believes that during the time between his or her arrest and trial, a student should be conditionally suspended from the University in accordance with the status quo conditional suspension policy.

If the student is found not guilty, he or she should be readmitted to the the University where he or she should face any appropriate University disciplinary proceedings.

If the student is found guilty of a non-violent criminal offense, his or her conditional suspension should be extended to cover the period of time during which he or she is serving out any court-imposed penalty.

At the end of this period of time, the student’s status at the University should be reevaluated by a University disciplinary board — likely the Judicial Committee.

The Board believes the University must first determine whether the student poses a viable threat to the campus community. The evaluation should encompass not only whether a student’s actions and presence would make other students physically unsafe, but also the extent to which the student’s original behavior was a detriment to campus cul-

ture and the spirit of the community. Additionally, the University must evaluate the effectiveness of any rehabilitation that occurred when the student was away from campus.

Third, the University should reserve the right to mandate any additional non-punitive rehabilitation to aid in the student’s reintegration into the campus community. Finally, the University should evaluate the student’s commitment to complete his or her education. In the evaluation, this University should consider what University-specific resources might allow a student to achieve his or her particular goals and whether the student will adequately use these resources.

The University is an institution that values granting opportunities for high education to a diverse set of students. It would be entirely unfair to preclude a number of students from these opportunities — opportunities the University once bestowed when it offered these students admission — due to nonviolent criminal convictions. At the very least, these students deserve reevaluations of their status as members of the community before final expulsion. For this reason, the Board urges the University to reconsider its disciplinary policy.

Carolyn Liziewski ’18 recused herself from the writing of this editorial.

We disagree that immediate expulsion should be reserved only for repeat offenders and those who have committed violent crimes. We believe that the University should retain the option to immediately expel students who have committed nonviolent crimes that demonstrate a flagrant disregard for Rights, Rules, and Responsibilities. In the status quo, the University already has the option to conditionally suspend a student convicted of a crime. For these cases, we agree with the re-admittance procedure proposed by the majority. However, certain non-violent offenses, such as massive theft or damage to University property, may merit immediate expulsion. All Princeton students agree to abide by the rules and standards established in RRR upon matriculation, and the University should be able to exercise discretion in fully enforcing those rules immediately rather than down the road. For these reasons, we respectfully dissent.

Signed by Paul Draper ’18, Connor Pfeiffer ’18, Allison Berger ’18, Theodore Furchtgott ’18 The Editorial Board is an independent body and decides its opinions separately from the regular staff and editors of The Daily Princetonian. The Board answers only to its Chair, the Opinion Editor and the Editor-in-Chief.

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SeaWorld Pranaya Anshu columnist

T

he word “SeaWorld” used to evoke smiles and excited giggles, but that time has long since passed.

With public opinion of the theme park going downhill, SeaWorld San Diego has been forced to reconsider its plans and has been adopting multiple changes to its parks in the past two years.

Just last month, on Nov. 9, SeaWorld stated that it will phase out its traditional killer whale show at its San Diego, Calif., park next year and replace it with a new “orca experience.” Moreover, last year, it announced the Blue World Project — a project focused on doubling the size of SeaWorld San Diego’s tank.

Corresponding with that project, the California Coastal Commission has approved the project under one condition: SeaWorld San Diego will no longer be able to breed its whales.

And although these actions are a step up from the current living conditions for the whales at SeaWorld San Diego, it is definitely not enough.

SeaWorld’s decision to phase out its popular killer whale theatrical show at its San Diego location followed the tarnished public image and failing finances of SeaWorld and the resignation of SeaWorld’s CEO last December, much of which was attributable to the release of the CNN documentary “Blackfish.”

The documentary, which aired in 2013, depicted SeaWorld employees giving insufficient care to their killer whales and highlighted the nega-

tive effects of prolonged captivity.

Moreover, the success of this documentary, coupled with the work of animal rights campaigners, effectively led many customers, including celebrities, to boycott the theme park. Also during this time, Southwest Airlines ended its relationship with SeaWorld, a longtime partner, potentially due to the public furor.

Just this month, SeaWorld stated that it will replace its classic Shamu show in San Diego with a new orca experience — one that focuses less on tricks and more on killer whales’ natural behaviors in the wild — in order to focus more on SeaWorld’s conservation efforts rather than its historically poor treatment of killer whales. In the end, although the whales may be performing fewer tricks, they will still be trapped in tanks much too small for them, exclusively for the entertainment of the park’s visitors. The move, then, is not aimed at the betterment of the captive killer whales, but rather at propping up the park’s slipping profits.

SeaWorld’s decision to end the killer whale show in San Diego would not be the first attempt SeaWorld has made to increase profits and improve its reputation. In September 2014, just two days after SeaWorld’s shares dropped 33 percent, it announced the Blue World Project, which will focus on increasing the size of SeaWorld San Diego’s — and later SeaWorld San Antonio’s and SeaWorld Orlando’s — killer whale tank. The new tank is supposed to replicate a “realistic” ocean environment for the whales by featuring varying depths and a fast water current.

These measures are less than inadequate, however. Killer whales in the wild swim long distances, sometimes in straight miles, and killer whales in the Southern Resident pods swim for an average of 75 miles a day. In order for the whales to swim 75 miles in the new tank, which will have a volume of 10 million gallons, maximum depth of 50 feet, surface area of one and a half acres, a height of 40 feet, and a length of over 350 feet, the whales would have to swim over 1,000 laps around the tank. Moreover, according to SeaWorld itself, researchers theorize that killer whales can dive up to 1,483 feet, and thus the tank’s depth of 50 feet — less than the length of two adult whales — will keep the whales neither healthy nor content.

Additionally, killer whales in the wild spend their entire lives in family groups, or pods, and they are deprived of these bonds when they live in captivity. Moreover, killer whales cannot hunt for prey, let alone eat small whales, seals and sharks — the diet of wild killer whales — in little tanks, and thus must stifle their natural behavior to communicate and hunt when in captivity.

Furthermore, it is important to note that SeaWorld plans to stock a greater number of killer whales in its enlarged tanks, resulting in minimal actual improvement (in space) per whale. However, the good news is that a new California law may prevent the park from taking this action.

The California Coastal Commission panel unanimously approved the Blue World Project under a restriction: SeaWorld San Diego will

not be permitted to breed the animals while in captivity. This will lead to the decrease in number of captive whales in California, assuming that SeaWorld San Diego does not import whales from other marine entertainment parks.

Currently, SeaWorld San Diego is reconsidering its decision to increase the size of its killer whale tanks and SeaWorld Entertainment is using its many lawyers to fight the ban and sue the California Coastal Commission. The park said in a statement that it was disappointed with the conditions established by the commission. Moreover, it added in defense of breeding that, “Breeding is a natural, fundamental and important part of an animal’s life, and depriving a social animal of the right to reproduce is inhumane.”

So while SeaWorld’s two decisions — the potential decision to follow through with the Blue World Project and the decision to replace the current Shamu show with a more natural show — will most likely not improve the mental and physical health of SeaWorld San Diego’s current killer whales on a large scale, they will improve the whales’ standard of living at least marginally. Although the ban on breeding will do nothing to improve the current whales’ health, it will have a positive impact in preventing longterm future suffering.

Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that the decision to replace current Shamu shows with a more natural show and the ban on breeding captive killer whales, alongside the decision to potentially follow through with the Blue World Project in California, only applies

to the SeaWorld San Diego location.

The remaining 13 of SeaWorld’s 24 killer whales will have to continue to suffer and perform for food in their original tanks.

Conclusively, while moves are being made to ensure slightly better lives for whales at SeaWorld, they are not enough. According to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, “What could save it [SeaWorld] would be the recognition that it needs not to make larger tanks but to turn the orcas out in seaside sanctuaries so that they can feel and experience the ocean again, hear their families, and one day be reunited with them.”

Moreover, SeaWorld should focus on improving living conditions for its whales in each of its three locations, and not just its San Diego one.

California resident Misako Benso ’19 said, “I think SeaWorld’s treatment of animals needs further improvement, and I agree with PETA in that I believe that captive killer whales should be moved to seaside sanctuaries so that they may experience the ocean once again.”

For Princeton University students and staff, the issue may seem distanced or inconsequential, but given the influence and sway held by the Princeton name, we have an obligation to be the voice for captive social animals, or at least to engage in discussion regarding how the situation can be improved. It is time to foster discussions in order to ultimately improve the lives of the wild animals living in bathtub like tanks at SeaWorld.

Pranaya Anshu is a freshman from San Diego, C.A. She can be reached at panshu@princeton.edu.

Friday december 4, 2015

T

The Daily Princetonian

page 7

Letter to the editor

From Woodrow Wilson’s biographer o the editor and President Eisgruber,

Reports of efforts to remove the images and name of Woodrow Wilson, Class of 1879, from institutions at our alma mater have concerned many people, myself included. As someone who has spent much of an academic career studying Wilson and his thoughts, words and actions, may I share with you a few observations about the facts and context surrounding his alleged “racism.”

The heart of the matter is that his record on matters of race should never be excused, but neither should it be overblown or exaggerated.

As president of both the University and the United States, he did show signs of racial prejudice. He explicitly discouraged an accomplished African-American student from applying to the University, on the grounds that the student would not find a welcoming atmosphere — which was almost certainly true.

Soon after he got to Washington, D.C., he allowed members of his cabinet to mount efforts to segregate facilities in their departments and he condoned reductions in the categories of federal jobs open to African-Americans.

Protests by the newly formed National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) brought a halt to formal segregation in the federal workplace, although it informally prevailed in practice. The employment reductions continued unabated, and the return of the Republicans to power in the 1920s did not reverse this trend. Most famously, Wilson permitted D. W. Griffith’s cinematically brilliant but scurrilously racist film “The Birth of a Nation” to be screened at the White House. These and a few other incidents undeniably redound to the discredit of his historical reputation.

But consider some other examples. The year 2016 will mark the centennial of the appointment of the first Jew to the Supreme Court of the United States, the great Louis D. Brandeis — by President Wilson. Earlier, as governor of New Jersey, he had appointed the first Jew to that state’s supreme court, and at the University he had appointed the first Jew and the first Catholic to the faculty. He fought and lost his greatest battle at Princeton against the social exclusiveness of the eating clubs. Granted, those actions involved religion, white ethnicity and class, but even in black-white race relations

there were some bright spots.

In 1902, he scandalized his Southern in-laws by inviting Booker T. Washington to participate in his inauguration as president of the University, and his daughter remembered him saying that Washington gave the best speech at the ceremonies (“Even better than yours, Father?” she recalled asking him). In 1918, he issued a statement condemning lynching as “this disgraceful evil” and a betrayal of America’s most cherished values. That same year, he intervened in the Mississippi Democratic primary against the racist demagogue James K. Vardaman, Senator from Mississippi. His main reason for opposing Vardaman was that the senator had opposed going into World War I, but Vardaman’s customary playing of the race card could not save him from defeat. As for “The Birth of a Nation” incident, Wilson’s alleged endorsement of the film as “history written by lightning” was invented by a Hollywood writer twenty years later. At the screening, the president seemed preoccupied and left mid-way through the showing. Later, he tried to discourage the film’s re-release.

The best way to judge Wilson on matters of race is not to keep score between good and bad deeds but to recognize him and judge him for what he really was. Many have made snap judgments based on his birth in Virginia on the eve of the Civil War and his upbringing in Georgia and South Carolina during the war and Reconstruction to write him off as a typical white man of those places and times. Such a characterization is wrong. As the son of a couple who had recently moved from Ohio, Wilson did not have deep roots in the South (or in America, either — he is the only president between Andrew Jackson and Barack Obama to have a foreign-born parent and the only one since Jackson to have no American-born grandparents). As a child in Presbyterian manses, he grew up somewhat sheltered from his Southern surroundings, and his classmates at the University in the 1870s recalled that he had no Southern accent. While studying law at the University of Virginia less than two decades after the Civil War, he published essays applauding the defeat of the Confederacy and welcoming the demise of slavery. When he entered national politics, he worried correctly about the weakness of his support for the Democratic presidential nomina-

THE PAPER CAMPUS WAKES UP TO

tion in the South, and as his inauguration day approached he privately grumbled about talk of his administration being “Dixified.” Except for two brief, unhappy interludes studying law in Charlottesville and practicing law in Atlanta, Wilson spent his entire adult life outside the South, and he turned down a career academic’s dream job there, the presidency of the University of Virginia, six years before he unexpectedly became president of Princeton.

The correct way to assess Wilson’s racial attitudes is as a fairly typical white Northerner of his time. This means that he shared their near blindness toward racial injustice and impatience with efforts to arouse concern about what was happening along the color line. Such attitudes epitomized the views of the vast majority of whites outside the former Confederate and Border States. Those attitudes stood in stark contrast to the obsessive heed that their Southern counterparts paid to race. This was true not only of such demagogues as Vardaman and Tom Watson of Georgia but also of more genteel sorts such as Wilson’s navy secretary Josephus Daniels and the refined other Senator from Mississippi, John Sharp Williams.

Southern whites of that time could feel a sense of security as they locked down Jim Crow and disfranchised nearly all African- Americans. They had ended Reconstruction decades earlier and arrogated total political control to themselves. Successive Su-

preme Court decisions, most notably Plessy v. Ferguson, had removed any danger of constitutional challenge under the Fourteenth or Fifteenth Amendments. Likewise, the Republican party had increasingly shunned African-Americans in favor of courting Southern whites, and in his 1912 break with the Republicans, Theodore Roosevelt had organized his new Progressive Party as a whitesonly body in the South. These policies impelled some prominent African-Americans, led

by W. E. B. Du Bois, to support Wilson for president in 1912 — much to their later sorrow. Through all of this, Southern whites remained vigilant against any perceived of threat to their racist regime. Wilson offered them no threat, except for that one-time condemnation of lynching, but he did not share their underlying obsession with race.

Wilson’s record on race needs to be judged fairly for what it was and was not.

Equally important, that record should not eclipse the many great things he did at Princeton and in the world.

He began the long march toward the transformation of a small, snobbish men’s college into this great, diverse university that can vigorously question his views and legacy. He created such legislative monuments as the Federal Reserve System and Federal Trade Commission, the graduated income tax, the inheritance tax and aid to farmers and organized labor — precursors to the New Deal and Great Society. Un-

like the University’s other American president, James Madison, Class of 1774, Wilson won his war, and with his Fourteen Points he measurably shortened that war.

Through the Fourteen Points and his essential role in creating the League of Nations, he sought to build a new world order that might prevent major wars and would mark the beginning of the end of colonialism. Du Bois, for one, grasped the implications of Wilson’s actions, and he supported his foreign policies despite bitter disappointment with the president’s racial record at home.

Wilson poses the same question for judgment as does Thomas Jefferson: do his racial transgressions (which were far less than Jefferson’s) outweigh the great things he did and the great legacies he left behind?

I know that you will weigh many considerations in dealing with questions involving the place of race in America and the role and legacies of Wilson. Excellent historical work over the last half century has illuminated the crucial significance of race in our nation’s history, and anything that can be done to foster awareness and appreciation of this dimension of our national life is all to the good. A great place of scholarship and inquiry will pursue such efforts in the true spirit of the place, with deliberation, dispassion and resolve. I applaud efforts in this direction.

Yours sincerely, John Milton Cooper, Jr. ’61

Friday december 4, 2015

Kobe Bryant’s retirement marks the end of a generation of basketball CONTINUE Continued from page 10

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seem endless but are not what define his public persona.

Kobe was the player everyone loved to hate: his attempts to be Jordan 2.0, his egotistical volume shooting isolation plays, his Colorado incident, his hatred of Shaq, the bestloved player in the league — everything seemed to suggest that what he did went against the grain, and yet we were all drawn to him. His work ethic and killer intensity were unmatched. Even as the league became a brotherhood, where players patted each other on the back after games and helped each other up, Kobe treated every opponent like an enemy whose throat he was ready to step on. As the NBA tried to recover from Jordan’s departure, Kobe was the guy who was on the front line, paving a new wave of basketball history.

The legends of the 2000s maintained the league’s image, kept the gears whirring when everyone thought it was breathing its last breath. They brought new life to basketball, stories where athleticism soared to new heights and the three-point shot became a real weapon. Vince Carter is the greatest dunk artist the NBA has ever seen, Iverson delivered his famous “We talkin’ ‘bout practice” speech, The Celtics Big 3 teamed up to revive the Lakers-Celtics rivalry and so on. So many stories arose from this decade and helped solidify the NBA as a global sport. Now? All the sto-

The Daily Princetonian

ries have been told.

We knew it was coming.

Some of the guys already came and went. Some ended their illustrious careers recently, others long ago. The likes of Nash, Kidd, Allen simply fell victim to old age. Others like Roy, McGrady and Arenas were washed out by injuries. There are even those who are still around, albeit reaching the tail-end of their career: KG, Pierce, Carter and Duncan.

But when the ringleader, the Black Mamba, says that father time has finally caught up to him, that’s when you know that it’s over. That’s when you know the generation we grew up with has ended.

In 2010, my dad took me to see the newly formed LeBron-led Heat play against the defending champion Lakers at Staples on Christmas Day. We sat behind the Heat bench. LeBron had a tripledouble that game and blew out the Lakers, but what I remember most from that day wasn’t his play on the court — it was Kobe. Despite being way down early on, Bryant wouldn’t give up. He bantered and trash talked with James, calling out “I’m the real King” and drained a shot in LeBron’s face. He was relentless. After his loss he walked up to Bron, patted him on the back and said “Good game, bro.” It was the ultimate passing of the torch, from one legend to the next. That moment marked the end of the 2000s. From that day on, the Lakers began their downward spiral, highlighted by a first-round exit in the playoffs; James’ Heat went on to make history and win

page 8

COURTESY OF CELEBRITYINSIDE.COM

As Kobe Bryant retires, Cameron Zeluck talks about the end of this generation of professional basketball.

two championships of their own.

While Kobe and the 2000s legends’ legacies will forever live on in the basketball annals, their end still shakes me a little. This is the first era I’ve witnessed come to a stop. I never understood why my grandpa was so caught up with the Chamberlain-Russell

rivalry, or why my dad always reminisced about the days of Jordan, Magic or Bird, people that they grew up watching. I think I get it now.

It dawned on me that I’ll never be able to see Kobe’s grimace and under-bite as he enters “Mamba Mode” again, watch him strive to be better than MJ or see him play just

once more. It’s taken a while, but I’ve finally come to terms with his imminent departure. It’s now time to turn the page away from this chapter, say goodbye to the stories of my generation and look forward to the new ones to be told… Goodbye Mamba, TMac, BRoy, Agent Zero, you will be missed.

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The Daily Princetonian

Friday december 4, 2015

page 9

Men’s hockey to face off Men’s basketball looks to continue against Ivy League rivals strong performance into the weekend HOCKEY

Continued from page 10

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on offensive and has gone on to lead her team in both goals and assists, with 6 and 7, respectively.

Men’s Hockey After a grueling weekend up north battling the University of Maine, the men’s hockey team will continue its journey away from Baker Rink, getting another crack at intra-league foes. The team will travel throughout New England, taking on Ivy League rivals Brown and Yale on Friday and Saturday, respectively.

The Tigers (2-8 overall, 1-5 Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference), while not having gotten off to the most auspicious of starts, have the opportunity to capitalize

against a team in a similar position. The Bears (2-4-3, 2-32) have yet to earn a victory at home. The Tigers, moreover, fought the Bears to a 2-2 tie in overtime the last time these two squads faced off in Providence.

Indeed, each team looks to earn its first win in Ivy League play — the Tigers stand at 0-4 in their games among the Ancient 8 (or rather 6, since Columbia and Penn do not field D-I hockey teams), Brown at 0-3.

Against Yale, however, the Tigers look to face a mightier struggle. The Bulldogs (5-2-2, 3-1-2) have come out strong to start the season and rank second among the Ivies so far.

The Tigers look to reverse a trend of unfavorable results against Yale, against whom they have not earned a victory since the 2008-09 season.

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BBALL

Continued from page 10

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said. “They’ve done everything I’ve asked them to do defensively — they’ve committed to it, [and] they’re not afraid to make mistakes.”

The Tigers have demonstrated poise and balance on both ends of the court. Fourteen players on the roster have gotten in on the scoring this season, with eight averaging seven points or more. Additionally, the Princeton offense has managed almost

16 assists a game. Defensively, the squad has allowed a scant 60.2 points per opponent on just 36.8 percent shooting and averages 6.8 steals and 3.5 blocks per contest. They also average 44.5 rebounds per game, which may prove crucial against an inside threat like Warney.

Henderson attributed his team’s successes thus far to cohesiveness and daring — qualities that he hoped would again be on display against its latest opponent.

“I don’t see any one particular trait that’s stood out to me

about this group,” Henderson asserted. “They’re playing together, playing as one group… they’re committed to each other. Offensively, they’re a very unselfish group that can make shots, so it makes for a good combination.”

Princeton came out on top against Stony Brook last year, 77-64. A win would add momentum to the Tigers’ impressive start, which has given them the top ranking in the current Ivy League standings (in-conference play has not yet begun).

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Sports

Founded 1876 daily since 1892 online since 1998

{ www.dailyprincetonian.com } BASKETBALL

Men’s hoops to face off against Stony Brook

By Nolan Liu staff writer

MIKKEY CLARKE :: CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The men’s basketball team (4-0) has big challenges ahead, as it looks ahead to play Stony Brook.

COLUMN

The Princeton men’s basketball team has stormed out of the gate in its first month, rattling off victories over Rider, St. Peter’s, Lafayette and Fairleigh Dickinson to start its season 4-0 (0-0 Ivy League). In fact, the team’s current record indicates its best start since the 1997-98 season.

Princeton dominated Fairleigh Dickinson this past Monday, led by a double-double from junior forward Henry Caruso and strong performances from junior forward Stephen Cook and freshman guard Devin Cannaday. The Tigers demonstrated skill on the perimeter, going 9 for 24 on 3-pointers, as well as a deep bench — twelve players scored in the 91-61 victory.

This Saturday, Princeton will face its biggest challenge yet as it heads to New York to face Stony Brook. The Seawolves (3-2, 0-0 American East) narrowly fell to no. 16-ranked Vanderbilt in overtime and are coming off of a twogame win streak which saw them overcome Loyola Maryland and Farmingdale State. When asked about this week’s opponent, Princeton head coach Mitch Henderson ’98 highlighted Stony Brook’s experience and well-roundedness.

“They’re well-coached, and they have Jameel Warney,” Henderson

noted. “He’s like a double-double machine. They’ve got Carson Puriefoy, he’s a very good guard, and both of them are seniors. They’re very good at home. They present almost every challenge you can think of — it’s a very well-coached, very good college basketball team.

We’re looking forward to playing a really good game.”

Warney, the senior leader of the Stony Brook squad, was named his conference’s Player of the Week after averaging 16.6 points per game and posting five double-doubles to open the year. Henderson highlighted his explosiveness as a significant challenge for the Princeton squad.

“When [Warney’s] around the rim, it’s almost an automatic two points,” Henderson observed.

“So you’ve got to do the best to keep the ball out of the post. As a team, we have to be aware of where the shooters are and try to dictate things defensively. I don’t know how much you can do to stop him individually, but you can focus on the details, the things we talk about all the time. Our guys are really focused on a team-based defensive approach.”

Against this team, Henderson emphasized the importance of the Tigers’ confidence and intensity.

“I’ve asked our guys to play hard, and they’ve done that,” he See BBALL page 9

HOCKEY

My Generation

By Cameron Zeluck guest contributor

Remember Brandon Roy? The guy who was supposed to start a dynasty with a young Portland Trail Blazers team; the guy who cried walking off the court after scoring 18 in the 4th against the soonto-be-champion Mavericks in the 2011 Playoffs; the guy who could have become Kevin Durant’s biggest rival in the West?

What about Tracy McGrady?

The guy who scored 13 points in the final 35 seconds for a win against the Spurs; the guy who Marv Albert said “sucked the gravity out of the building” with his vicious dunk over Shawn Bradley; the guy who in the early 2000s was supposed to be 1b to Kobe’s 1a dominance over the league?

And Gilbert Arenas? Remember him? Scored 60 against the Lakers (10 in the overtime period alone!); then shot a game winning three against Utah, famously turning around and raising his hands in triumph before the ball even went in; the athlete with the coolest nickname in sports: Agent Zero?

These were the stars of the 2000s, the ones who came and went, never reaching the potential expected of their careers. Stephon Marbury, Chris Webber, Steve Francis — the list goes on. Their careers defined great moments of the decade, but they themselves were never able to define the

2000s.

A high school friend once told me the NBA was like the WWE, a scripted story that was written by the bigwigs. He was obviously wrong, but one thing he said did resonate with me: the NBA indeed is a storytelling league.

We’ll remember the Malice in the Palace, Yao Ming’s arrival in the United States, 2002’s Western Conference Finals, etc. These were the stories of a generation of basketball, a legacy that began and has continued on with Kobe, Timmy D, Iverson, KG, Dirk and many more.

This week, Kobe Bryant announced that he will retire at the end of the season, marking the end of a career and the end of an era. While certain members of the aforementioned list left the league years ago, none of their careers defined the decadence of the 2000s quite like Kobe’s did. Take a basketball force like Tim Duncan and add that to a social force like The Answer and you get Kobe Bryant.

He entered the league with a roar, winning the dunk contest as a 19-year-old rookie straight out of high school, won three championships with Shaq, scored 62 points in three quarters in 2005 and then achieved the second highest scoring output in NBA history with 81 points just a month later, won MVP in 2008, won 2 more championships without Shaq… His accolades See COLUMN page 8

Tweet of the Day “When the wall of books is taller than your head... send help !!”

Sydney Mandelbaum (@ smand54), associate sports editor

VINCENT PO :: STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

This weekend, the women’s hockey team will return home while the men’s team remains on the road.

Women’s hockey returns home, men’s hockey stays on the road

By Miles Hinson sports editor

Women’s Hockey Fresh off of a dominating performance in upstate New York against the Rochester Institute of Technology, the women’s hockey team looks to continue its winning ways on the season. After getting through back-to-back weekends battling on the road, the team finally makes the return

home for a long homestand (not playing outside of Baker Rink again until Jan. 8).

The Tigers will open up this stretch at home against their foes from the Ivies, the Harvard Crimson and the Dartmouth Big Green.

The Tigers (7-4-1 overall, 3-41 Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference) will certainly have their work cut out for them as they take on these two opponents — six of the top 7

Stat of the Day

12 players 12 Tigers on the men’s basketball team scored against Fairleigh Dickinson.

in the league so far among the Ivies belong to either Harvard (8-2-1, 5-1-1) or Dartmouth (44-2, 4-1-2). Indeed, these two teams currently ranked 1st and 2nd in the Ivy League, with the host Tigers close behind at 3rd.

As the Tigers look to make a statement at home, expect to see continued strong play from freshman forward Karlie Lund. The rookie has dazzled See HOCKEY page 9

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