Contents Introduction Safety section Skills grid Quick skills section 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
v vi vii ix
Making measurements
1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
1 4 7 9
Estimating measurements Determining π The simple pendulum Calculating the density of liquids
Describing motion
14
2.1 Average speed 2.2 Velocity–time graphs using ticker tape
14 17
10
11
Forces and motion
21
3.1 Estimating acceleration of freefall 3.2 Investigating Newton’s second law 3.3 Momentum in explosions
21 25 28
12
Turning effects of forces
32
13
4.1 The weighing machine 4.2 Finding the centre of mass 4.3 Tower stability
32 35 37
Forces and matter
41
5.1 Hooke’s law 5.2 Investigating rubber caterpillars 5.3 Calculating pressure
41 45 48
Energy transformations and energy transfers
52
6.1 Gravitational potential energy 6.2 Kinetic energy 6.3 Energy and the pendulum
52 55 58
Energy resources
64
7.1 Solar panels 7.2 Solar buggies
64 67
Work and power
73
8.1 Doing work 8.2 Calculating mechanical power
73 78
The kinetic model of matter
81
9.1 Changes of state
81
14
15
16
17
Thermal properties of matter
87
10.1 Thermal expansion of solids 10.2 Measuring the specific heat capacity of aluminium 10.3 Measuring the latent heat of fusion of ice
87 89 92
Thermal (heat) energy transfers
95
11.1 Conductors of heat energy 11.2 Heat transfer by convection 11.3 Heat transfer by radiation
95 100 102
Sound
106
12.1 Measuring the speed of sound 12.2 Sound through different substances
106 108
Light
111
13.1 Forming a virtual image in a plane mirror 13.2 Finding the refractive index of glass 13.3 Finding the refractive index of glass using apparent depth 13.4 Estimating the magnification of a magnifying glass
111 113 115 117
Properties of waves
121
14.1 Waves on a spring 14.2 Investigating the properties of waves
121 123
Spectra
129
15.1 Dispersion of white light 15.2 Investigating infrared waves
129 131
Magnetism
134
16.1 A magnetic circus 16.2 Exploring magnetic fields 16.3 Investigating electromagnets
134 137 139
Static electricity
144
17.1 Investigating static electricity 17.2 Charging by induction
144 147
Contents
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