2017 invasions biològiques iec emma cebrian

Les invasions marines a Catalunya: impactes actuals i futurs. d

e

Emma Cebrian PhD

Biodiversitat i Recursos Marins

Institut d’Ecologia Aquà tica

It probably hosts the greatest pressure of introduction vectors: Suez Canal, intense maritime traffic and aquaculture.

Otero et al. 2013. IUCN

High anthropogenic pressures and high variability of environmental conditions together with the pressures stated above makes the Mediterranean a region particularly prone to marine bioinvasions.

Invasive Species

Mnemiopsis leidyi

Siganus sp.

Mediterrani Nord-Occidental

Caulerpa cylindracea

Lophocladia lallemandii

Womersleyella setacea

Ballesteros et al. 2007 Bot. Mar. De Caralt & Cebrian 2013 Biol. Inv.

Cebrian & Ballesteros, 2009 ECSS; 2010 Aquatic Bot. Cebrian & Rodriguez-Prieto 2012 PLoS ONE Cebrian et al. 2012 Biol. Inv. Tomas et al. 2011 ECSS

• Abundància d’invasores • Distribució geogràfica • Efecte (espècies, poblacions o hàbitat).

Això és l’estat actual, el PRESENT, però…

I què esperem del FUTUR?

Climate change

Invasive species

Is climate Synergetic change effects of CC facilitating NIS and NIS on introduction, native spread and populations colonization?

Cebrian et al. 2013 Biological Invasions

Cebrian et al. in prep

Facilitate the arrival of NIS

 

about 700 multicellular NIS in the Mediterranean Sea

 

20 hyper-invasive species were recorded in 10 or more countries.

Galil, Occhipinti-Ambrogi & Marchini_CIESM_2013

Galil 2015

The speed of alien species introduction, spreading and response to global warming is apparently much faster than Facilitate the temperature increase itself arrival of NIS Is not clear, and at least in the Med Sea, are the introduction vectors the main factors determining alien introductions Raitsos et al. 2010. Limnol. Oceanogr.

NSR

Facilitate the colonization and spread of NIS

Latitude Hillebrand 2004. American Naturalist

Lower probability

Higher probability

Stachovicz et al. PNAS

Rilov & Galil 2009, Golani 2010

77 introduced species 30 are tropical 9 invasive species 40% are tropical

Facilitate the colonization and spread of NIS

?

Other factors determining alien invasibility, which?

Boudouresque & Verlaque 2002 Marine Pollution Bulletin 44: 32-

Habitat invasibility

Habitat invasibility

Are habitats already subjected to the effects of CC more susceptible to NIS?

More diverse habitats are more resistant to biological invasions

Native Species richness

Stachowicz et al. 2002. Science Stachowicz et al. 2002. Ecology Stachowicz & Tilman 2005 Stachowicz & Byrnes 2006. MEPS

Anthropogenic structures promotes the infiltration of invasive ascidians

Artificial structures are known to be focal points for marine invasions

Sessile NIS occur in low abundances in natural habitats

Simkanin et al. 2012: Marine Ecology

What happens in natural and mature systems? d

e

Cystoseira forest

Coralligenous

Cabrera National Park Womersleyella setacea Lophocladia lallemandii Caulerpa racemosa Acrothamnion preisii Asparagopsis taxiformis Oculina patagonia

MPAs had either no effect or enhanced the invasion of non-indigenous species, irrespective of MPA establishments prior or after the arrival of non-indigenous species.

MPA may lead to an increase in risk of invasion by a significant attraction to the area for marine tourism or other activities.

Bunfeind et al. 2013. Biological Invasions

MPA

No MPA Predation

Competition

Recent MPA Well-preserved habitats are not necessarily more resistant to Invasions.

We need long term studies to assess whether natural and well preserved systems can resist invasions or not.

Caselle et al. 2017 Ecology Letters

Mnemiopsis leyidi

Siganus spp.

Caulerpa cylindracea

Fistularia commersonii

Això és l’estat actual, el PRESENT, però…

I què esperem del FUTUR?

Invasive Species traits

Habitat invasiveness

Environment

We need long term and multi-level studies to assess the future impact of invasions not.

Gràcies per la vostra atenció

Biodiversitat i Recursos Marins

Institut d’Ecologia Aquàtica

www.medrecover.org emma. cebrian@udg.edu