The Copper Spike Train Excursion Travel Guide

Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

THE COPPER SPIKE TRAIN EXCURSION Daytime & Evening Luxury Streamliner Service Departing from the Old Train Depot, Historic Downtown Globe, AZ

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About The Copper Spike The Copper Spike Train Excursion was launched in 2006, in cooperation with Globe’s Main Street Program.

Like the great railroads before it, the presence of an excursion rail line in Globe has brought social and economic bonuses to the area and serves as an important partner in the revitalization of Historic Downtown Globe.

The owners of Arizona Eastern Railway, the Iowa Kip Culver, Director of Globe Pacific Holding Company, met with Kip Culver, Main Street Program director of the Globe Main Street Program to see what could be done to develop the historic Globe property which had fallen into disrepair. Through the all-volunteer efforts of Culver and others, the old Freight Depot was the first to be renovated. Restoring the building to it’s original 1916 beauty, it served as the ticket counter for a self-propelled 1930’s railcar which was provided by Arizona Eastern to the Main Street Program to test the interest and feasibility of an excursion rail in the area. It was a successful test.

The second year saw the renovation of the much larger and original Arizona Eastern passenger depot and the introduction of a full complement of vintage rail cars including; a 1950’s Sante Fe Dome Car, and the Calumet, a historic Illinois Central Club Car. The passenger depot, designed by El Paso architects, Trost and Trost in 1916 to handle the increased traffic which the Apache Trail Tours had generated also included executive offices on top. It ceased operations in the ’50’s and later converted to use as a Laundromat. The renovation of the Depot included gutting the building and laboriously restoring it’s elegance which Trost & Trost had first envisioned for the successful Arizona railroad nearly 100 years ago.

The third year brought the excitement of a 1917 Heisler Steam engine, but alas, it’s 100-year-old heart just wasn’t strong enough to pull it’s weight for a modern excursion rail line. It was retired early in the season and later replaced with today’s streamlined, 1953 Diesel locomotive built by Electro Motive Division of General Electric for the Chicago Northwestern railroad. As a nod to the railroads’ Southern Pacific heritage, the E-8 locomotive has been painted in traditional Southern Pacific “Black Widow” livery.

Today, the Copper Spike Excursion train offers a striking image as it pulls out of the old train station, and makes it’s way across the N. Broad train trestle built in 1910. Luncheon and Dinner are now served on board, along with full cocktail service in the Mardi Gras club car.

As in the days of yore...life on-board offers a casual elegance which gives one cause to relax and enjoy the ride. A Ride to Remember.

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Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

History of Rail 1864 – Transcontinental Railroad The idea of a coastto-coast railroad had long been discussed among the political and public leaders of the Country. The construction and operation of the line was authorized by the Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862 and 1864 during the American Civil War. It was said that President Lincoln considered its creation as one of his greatest achievements, second only to holding the Union together.

He, and others understood that a rail line, which could carry people and freight across this great new country was critical to America’s future.

Thousands of Chinese were brought over to work on the Pacific route through the Sierra Nevada mountains. They not only had the experience with explosives, they “had muscles of iron. Worked all day without complaining. And worked for less than even the Irish.” Initially, Stobridge objected saying the Chinese "were not masons".

Crocker countered with the fact that the Chinese had "to their credit, the greatest piece of masonry in the world -- the Great Wall" . Leland Stanford backed Crocker, and, eventually, Strobridge reluctantly agreed to hire 50 Chinese on a trial basis. Over 15,000 Chinese would eventually be employed in the building of the Transcontinental Railroad.

The Transcontinental Railroad opened up new worlds to those who had never been East of the Mississippi. And bound a Nation together by uniting the East and West Coast.

1870 Map showcasing the wonders of a growing Nation

3 The Old Dominion Mine

1890’s The Gila Valley, Globe & Northern Thirty years later, as part of Harriman’s westward expansion, and the Southern Pacific empire, W.A. McFarland was sent to Bowie, AZ to create a rail line which would run from Bowie to Globe where the mineral wealth of the region ensured a successful marriage of mining and railroad interests.

1894 The Jupiter arrives for the GVG & N The first locomotive for the GVG&N was 'The Jupiter' a well worn locomotive purchased from the Central Pacific Railroad, which had participated in the Golden Spike ceremony upon the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1865. After serving many years on the GVG&N, and later the Arizona Eastern, the No. 60 was unceremoniously scrapped in 1909 with little thought to it being an important part of our nation’s history.

1895: Stopped in their Tracks The San Carlos Reservation had been established by an Act of Congress in 1871 and nearly 50 miles of the route would pass through reservation lands.

Gaining this approval was always circumspect – although hopeful. To save money on the construction of the line in case it had to be abandoned or fell short of the goal of Globe, they used second hand ties and rails purchased from the Southern Pacific. Wrecks were common, and the GVG & N was affectionately dubbed the: Go Very Gently & Nervously.

The First Train Pulls into Globe 1898 After nearly five years of negotiations with the Tribe, an agreement was finally reached giving the tribe $8000, plus free passage for tribal members for 30 years.

But McFarland added, “ It wouldn’t be fair to give away actual seats which paying passengers would give up.” They settled on letting Apaches ride on the steps, the top of baggage car and on top of the train.

– History of Rail Continued Next Page

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Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

– History of Rail Continued From Previous Page 1904 The Arizona Eastern was a strong force in southwestern transportation Incorporated in 1904, by E.H. Harriman, ostensibly to be another low-grade line through Southern Arizona, historians have said it’s real purpose was to stop his arch-competitor- the Phoenix & Eastern from getting any more of a toe hold in the region. There appears to be truth in both accounts. In essence it was a match up of two long time competitors: The Southern Pacific (Harriman) and the Sante Fe (Murphy).

1910 The GVG&N is absorbed by the AE RR The Arizona Eastern Railroad, which grew by “construction and consolidation,” incorporated it’s business interests in Arizona and New Mexico in 1910. Known as the “Randolph Lines” – referring to Epes Randolph whose name was synonymous with the AE. He later went on to be a part of Valley National Bank in 1934, and chancellor of the Board of Regents of the U of A. The AE constituted all of the Southern Pacific interests in Arizona and New Mexico other than the SP railroad and two lines to Nogales. During the consolidation, GVG&N was absorbed by the new Az Eastern.

1915- 1930 The Apache Trail Tours is a roaring success The Southern Pacific formulated the idea of a tourist route which would generate additional traffic on their El Paso to LA run. The plan involved a contract with the Globe-Phoenix Stage Line whereby rail patrons arriving in Globe would be taken in seven-passenger Cole autos to Roosevelt Lake which had just been completed in 1911. The winding road offered breathtaking scenery and the railroad capitalized on travelers fascination with the Southwest and Native American history. After disembarking at Globe for a leisurely trip and overnight at Roosevelt Lodge, travelers would be taken on to Phoenix for the last leg of their journey into LA. 1916 A new passenger Depot is built Randolph hired El Paso architects, Trost & Trost to design a grand two story passenger depot in Globe to house their executive offices on the second floor and accommodate the growing traffic generated by the Apache Trail Tours. It was to be the finest Depot on the line and in stark contrast to the more utilitarian one-story depot found along the line.

1954: Passenger Service & Steam Locomotives are retired With the advent of automobiles, buses and airlines, railroad passenger service greatly decreased. The Southern Pacific, which had taken back the line, made the decision to drop it’s passenger service in the ‘50's. It also moved to replace its steam locomotives with diesel.

2005: The Dawning of an Excursion Railway in Globe After nearly 20 years of serving various capacities as a Greyhound Bus station, Red Cross office and other inconsequential uses lost to history, the Southern Pacific put out a bid to demolish all of the properties. A local bidder, seeing an opportunity, suggested a long term lease for a nominal amount, at which point he would demolish the buildings at the end of the lease.

They accepted, and the buildings were saved from a quick destruction. Instead, they suffered a long slow decline as laundromat and storage units, until the winds of politics, economics and luck came together.

And the rest is happy history! (See About The Copper Spike on Page 1)

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The Old Freight Office as it looked in 2005

Restored Rest Re stor st ored or ed FFreight reig re ight ig ht O Offi fficccee 20 ffi 2006 2006-2007 06-2200 06 0077

The Copper Spike picks up passengers at Ap Apache pac ache he G Gold oldd Ca ol Casi Casino sino si no

FFood Fo oodd SService ervi vice ice iiss in iintroduced intr ntrod oduc ducedd iin n Se SSeason Seas eas ason on 44..

A Luncheon and Dinner menu is now offered on-board with white linen service.

BEFORE BEFO BE FORE FO RE The interior of the Passenger Depot AFTER

The Season of Steam 3.

The 1917 Hiesler engine pulls into the station

Replaced by the 6070 Diesel Locomotive

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Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

Bending Time to Meet the Needs of a Modern Precision Railroad System – 1883 Just imagine every train dispatcher, signal tower operator, conductor, locomotive engineer, and switchman being deprived of their time piece!

Imagine the Chaos of such a scene?

By 1883, railroading in America had been picking up steam for nearly 50 years, since the first track was laid for the Balitmore & Ohio in 1831.

Although many challenges had been overcome since those early days, the issue of time continued to plague railroads which relied on time schedules to move people and freight over large distances.

And relying on local time it turns out was highly unreliable when it came to scheduling.

“Sun time” was based upon the transit of the sun across the meridian and with the earths’ curvature, the latitude in Boston, Chicago, and Salt Lake City varied approximately one minute for every thirteen miles.

Trying to keep up with Mother Nature and run their trains on local time meant... “...The Baltimore and Ohio used Baltimore time for trains running out of Baltimore, Columbus time for trains in Ohio, Vincennes time for trains running west of Cincinnati, and it scheduled other trains under New York time, Philadelphia time and Chicago time.” “...When it was noon in Chicago, it was 12:31 in Pittsburgh; 12:24 in Cleveland; 12:09 in Louisville.

The Union Pacific Railroad operated its trains by at least six different time standards and the Chicago Tribune listed 27 local times in Michigan alone.” “...A traveler going from Maine to California, if anxious to have correct railroad time, was obliged to change his watch some twenty times during the journey!” “...According to the New York Herald, “The confusion of time standards was the source of unceasing annoyance and trouble.”

Despite much grumbling, there was little done about the problem of “time” until the railroads took things into their own hands and proposed a plan which involved five time zones – Intercolonial Time in the Eastern provinces of Canada, and four in the United States, to be known as Eastern, Central, Mountain and Pacific times.

While this made great sense to those who were attempting to run a modern railroad, it none-theless made many citizens nervous. Some felt they were being robbed of daylight or being forced to reckon time “contrary to nature.”

7 One newspaper said it wouldn’t make much difference to those in the West “...except to the man who was about to be hanged.”

A few clergy also protested the change and in Bangor, Maine, tried to have the church bells stopped from ringing on Standard Time, arguing that no man had the right to change the immutable laws of God.” Except, it seems – the Railroads, which were by then the heart and soul of America’s growth and greatness. Even the Federal Government cooperated fully with the new plan to put the country on Standard Time, although it would be 35 years before they passed the Standard Time Act. And so, on November 18, 1883 Standard Time went into effect on all railroads, and became the de facto law of the land which we still use today.

DID YOU KNOW? Time Balls: This quaint time-keeper was almost forgotten by 1893 but it had its beginning in 1833 atop England’s Royal Observatory at Greenwich to assist ship captains. Later the idea was adopted in many cities throughout England and the US. Each day at official noon at a particular location, a large ball – 3-4 ft in diameter was dropped from a lofty mast. As the ball fell, the people watching adjusted their timepieces to noon. Thus everyone in the city was provided with uniform time. In fact, the tradition we celebrate today on New Year’s Eve is a recreation of the Time Ball. The first ball to be lowered in Times Square was in 1907.

Our great grandmother-Katie Frederick in early 1900's Globe, AZ

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Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

ABC's of Mining 1898

By Charles A. Bramble In 1898 an enterprising writer published a book to address the growing numbers of fortune seekers who were stepping into the field of mining.

In it he covered the basics of identifying minerals, reading the lay of the land, ‘modern’ mining techniques, camp etiquette, emergency medical knowledge, and the avoidance of scalawags and mischievous no good claim jumpers. It was a best seller in it’s day. Here are a few excerpts from his fine book.

“Owing to recent rich discoveries in more than one mining field, hundreds of shrewd, intelligent men without experience in prospecting are turning their attention to that arduous pursuit...”

“Many men seem to think that should their destinies lead them into parts of the world where there is mineral wealth they will have little chance of discovering the deposits without the technical education of a mining engineer.

This is wrong. The fact is that the sphere of the prospector does not cover that of the engineer.

The work of the one ends where that of the other begins and many of the most successful discoverers of metallic wealth have been entirely ignorant of the methods by which a great mine should be opened, developed, and worked.”

“Without the prospector there would be no mining and the world would still be in the stone age.”

FMI Mine Tailings

“Owing to the great demand for copper following upon the extraordinary spread of electricity, copper properties have become so enormously valuable that, possibly the explorer will be quite as fortunate in finding copper as in finding gold.” “...there is a bright side to mining as well as a dark, and those fortunate men who paid three, five or eight cents for the stock of a mine that now sells for seven dollars can see it quite plainly; and there are many such. Mining is not a gamble as some would have the world believe, but a legitimate occupation, demanding great nerve and skill, and sometimes great patience, but not infrequently rewarding the possessors of these admirable attributes by wealth almost inexhaustible.”

Copper is a very easy mineral to test for...

“To test for copper, the sample must be pulverized. Take an ounce of the powder and place in a porcelain cup. Add forty drops of nitric acid, twenty drops of sulfuric acid and twelve drops of hydrochloric acid. Boil over the spirit lamp until white fumes arise. When cool, mix with a little water. Filter and add a nail or two to the liquid. The copper will be precipitated, and may be gathered up and weighed. The amount of copper in the sample multiplied by 32,000 will be the copper in a ton of ore."

Photo courtesy of Gila Historical Museum

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Brief History of Mining – Globe, Arizona

Photo courtesy of Gila Historical Museum

It was Silver which first brought fame to the Globe region in 1873. The Globe Ledge, as it was called, was recorded on September 19, 1873.

It is believed the name of Globe came from a large silver orb resembling the globe. Much to the consternation of the mining interests who discovered the rich mineral wealth of the Globe Ledge, it was determined to be located just inside the line of the newly formed San Carlos Apache Reservation established by Congress two years earlier. The interested parties quickly managed to get this particular section removed from Reservation lands and the Globe Mining District was organized in 1875 attracting many fortune seekers who had heard tale of the Silver Strike.

The area, known as “Globe City” was actually incorporated three times. Once in 1878, when then Silver Belt Editor suggested the good leaders of town drop the word “City” from its name and become just “Globe.” And later in 1905 when it seems the facts of the early incorporation had been forgotten. Upon finding city government to be too expensive, the citizens disbanded that incorporation within a year, only to re-incorporate as a city in 1907.

Silver played out fairly early and it was the discovery of copper which set this mineral-rich

region on a path with early greatness – attracting some of the best minds, deepest pockets and outsized egos from all corners of the United States from California to Boston.

Soon, Globe-Miami was the largest copper producer in the country. While those early days saw over 35 mines operating in and around Globe alone, it was the Old Dominion Mining Company which really put Globe’s copper production on the map.

The Old Dominion Mine began in 1881 and later consolidated its holdings with that of the Old Globe Company. By 1883, the price of copper dropped to a point where the Old Dominion was the only mine that could afford to remain open.

Old Dominion Mine in the late 1800's

Having extracted its first copper in 1881, the mine was producing nearly seven million pounds of copper a year by 1888, and just ten years later that output expanded to an average of 27 million pounds of copper a year. Shipping costs were the primary hindrance to the profitable operations of the Globe mines.

Coke, a vital ingredient in the smelting process, had to be shipped by rail to Willcox, then loaded onto wagons and toted across the San Carlos Reservation.

Once the railroad arrived in Globe in 1898 and new lines connecting with the Old Dominion were laid in 1903 production at the mine increased from 10 million pounds to 30 million in just five years.

By 1909, Globe Arizona was booming! The Border, a nationally recognized paper published out of Tucson, sent a reporter to do a feature story on the region and in his report he remarked, “Globe has been called by various names – “The Copper City," “the Queen of the Gila” and the “City of Hills," but Globe above and beyond all is “The City of Investment."

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Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

The Copper Corridor

Photos by LC Gross

Visitors to the Globe-Miami area will see right away that this is copper country. As you enter the "Cobre Valley" a visual history is painted in the colorful vistas of open pit mines, rock piles, tailings dams and smelter stacks. Copper has been mined here for over 100 years and still forms the backbone of the local economy.

And, it all starts with an ore body, which is really an economic term. A chunk of rock in the ground with enough mineralization in it to make it economically feasible to mine, process and turn into usable product for human beings is an ore body. When you hear the term "a mine is played out", it simply means it is not economically feasible to extract the minerals remaining in the ground. Here in the Globe Miami area we have many active mining operations (see page 11).

Copper was discovered thousands of years ago in the Middle East and was first used as jewelry. Native copper, which occurs as a somewhat rare, natural, concentrated form of the metal, was found by early tribes and civilizations to be malleable and was used to make better weapons with which to hunt and defend these early peoples.

It was the beginning of the Industrial Age g in the late 18th centuryy and the use of electricity which truly launched "The Age of Copper."

The cost and time to develop a new mine may be as long as nine years and require an investment of $50,000,000 or more just to begin producing copper that can be sold to manufacturers as a commodity.

When the demand for and price of copper plummeted during the Great Depression, Arizona made its license plates from copper to increase the demand and keep miners in the state employed.

Copper is one of the most recycled metals, and currently in the United States alone 50% of the copper content of all new products comes from recycled copper. This percentage increases almost every year.

Welcome to the Copper Corridor!

Courtesy of Arizona Mining Association (www.azcu.org)

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Mining Companies 1: Old Dominion Mine and Walking Park At one time this underground mine was the largest copper producer in the United States.

Opened in 1881. Closed in 1931.

Portions of the former plant site will open as the Old Dominion Historic Walking Park in 2011.

2: FMI Smelter and Mine Tailings This large mine site is a conglomeration of properties that date back to 1907. It has included open pits, leaching, concentrating (milling) and SXEW processing. The Smelter processes copper concentrate from several other mines in the Southwestern United States.

3: Copper Cities/Sleeping Beauty Mine In the shadows of the Sleeping Beauty Mountain, copper was the focus of this open pit operation from 1951 to 1982. The site employed concentrating (milling) techniques as well as leaching for SXEW refining. Since the 1990’s, worldclass "sleeping beauty" turquoise has been produced from the site and is available at the mine headquarters in Globe (see item 11 on map).

7: Carlotta Copper Company This newest mine in the GlobeMiami region began in 2009. They have an open pit, leaching pads and SXEW plant.

5: BlueBird Mine In 1968, this mine pioneered the modern SXEW process that uses organic solvents to enhance recovery of copper from leached ore. This is widely recognized as the most significant development in the copper industry and is predominantly used throughout the world. Now a part of FMI Miami Mine & Processing facilities which is the largest mining operation in the area.

8: ASARCO Ray Mine The mine was started in 1952 by the Kennecott Copper Corporation, on the site of the towns of Ray and Sonora. The mine was purchased by ASARCO in 1986.

6: BHP Pinto Valley This large open pit mine was the site of the original Castle Dome Mine in the '40's and was purchased by BHP from Magma Copper in 1996.

BHP restarted the mill in 2007 when copper prices rose above four dollars and shut it down when they dropped two years later below $1.60 lb. It is still an active site with an Open Pit and SXEW operation.

9: ASARCO Smelter & Tailings Part of the ASARCO Operations 10: FMI Rod Plant Completed in 1969 and the first of its kind to be located at a mine site. The plant uses the Southwire design casting system with Morgan mills to produce 7,500 lb. and 15,000 lb. copper , pp rod coils.

Photo Ph oto t by

by Bi Billll Woo W Woody dy dy

4: BHP Miami Unit Copper ore was mined underground by block caving methods from 1911 to 1959. Mill tailings were deposited along Bloody Tanks Wash from 1925 to 1932 and across the valley at the Solitude facility, (see item 12 on map), from 1928 to 1959. From 1989 to 2002, over 30 million tons of tailings were removed by hydraulic mining techniques, leached and stripped of copper. This area immediately

visible from Hwy 60 was reclaimed in 2006. In-situ leaching of the block caving subsidence zone began in 1943 and continues today, which includes an SXEW plant.

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Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

Views from the Train ALLLLLL ABOARD HERE

The Northern Pass

1: The Old Train Depot

2: Downtown Globe

Your adventure begins here, as it did for thousands of passengers who flocked into Globe in the early part of the Century. This complex of buildings was constructed in 1916 and included the Depot, a RR Restaurant (torn down in 2007), and the freight office.

Built by famous El Paso Architects Trost & Trost, it is now a centerpiece of Globe’s Main Street revitalization.

Globe’s downtown district was named a Historic District in 1986. It spans an eightblock area from Railroad Court on the South end to the Drift Inn Saloon on the North end. The majority of Globe’s downtown buildings were built between 1905-1916 when over 35 mines were operating in the region and the Old Dominion Mine was the largest copper producers in the world.

3: Webster House Built in 1884, it is one of the oldest boarding houses in Globe. It not only served the miners of the Old Dominion, but those working up the canyon in Copper Hills.

The Southern Pass: To the Casino!

As the train passes back through Globe, we’d like to point out...

8: The Arizona Silver Belt

7: The Kinney House Served as a boarding house since 1898, housing travelers and dignitaries including Governor Hunt who had fond memories of the place.

It later served as the meeting hall for the Knights of Pythias. It now houses one of Globe’s favorite antique shops, Past Times Antiques.

The current offices of Globe’s first newspaper. Launched by Judge Aaron Hackney, a newspaper man from Silver City, who opened up shop in Globe in 1878. Judge Hackney was a civic leader, a mentor to many and a passionate advocate for the railroad. www.silverbelt.com

9: The Baldwin Engine City Park This Baldwin steam engine was a workhorse of the Southern Pacific until it was retired in the ’50’s when diesel engines replaced steam. It was donated to the City by SP. At the time of retirement it had logged over three-million miles – many of those as a troop carrier during WWII.

13 Don't forget to wave!

The cattle you see grazing on the steep banks of the tailings dam are helping to re-seed the area with grass and brush. It was discovered that placing cattle on the tailings and allowing nature to take its course, the ground was effectively seeded and fertilized better than any method tried previously. Today the large tailings dam is blanketed with ground cover due to this process.

4: The Old Train Trestle In 1910, the tracks were realigned and a new train trestle built on the north end of Globe to better serve the Old Dominion Mine. This trestle still serves Arizona Eastern today.

5: Old Dominion Mine & Walking Park Production began in 1881 and became the largest copper producer in the country, putting out over 50 million pounds of copper. At today’s prices that is close to $200 million.

It closed in 1931 due to flooding in the shaft. The Old Dominion Walking Park is scheduled to open Spring 2011 on the site.

6: Slag Heap The massive black hill which can be seen across from the Chamber of Commerce is composed of slag, which is a by-product of smelting ore.

It is the ‘leftover’ rock and impurities in the iron ore when heated at high temperatures meld to each other and form slag.

11: Railroad Court 10: Old Dominion Warehouse Built in 1903 by Jules Maurel, a world renowned architect, whose “Maurel Blocks” were well known by the building industry. The warehouse was originally used to store the Old Dominion Copper Mine’s drilling equipment. Today it houses Pickle Barrel Trading Post. www.picklebarreltradingpost.com

The little pink house on the south end of Broad Street is the first of several homes in the enclave known as Railroad Court.

This property was conveyed to the Gila Valley Railroad prior to 1898, and by 1900 an article in the Silver Belt reported on the progress of construction saying, “The third of the new cottages being erected

by President Garland, to be occupied by families of the employees of the GVG&N railroad is nearing completion.”

12: The Old Hill Street School The striking triangular building which sets majestically on the corner of Hill Street and Hwy 60/70 was built by El Paso architects Trost & Trost during the early 1900’s. It’s reinforced concrete architecture was favored for civic & public buildings. Other Trost buildings include the old Jail, the East Globe School and Noftsger Hill School.

15: San Carlos Reservation – Apache Gold Casino Resort The San Carlos Indian Reservation was established in 1871 and encompasses nearly 3,000 square miles. The term Apache, loosely means "The People," and refers to both Northern and Southern Apache Tribes which encompass the Jicarilla, Lipan, Kiowa, San Carlos, Chiricahua and Mescalero. When the reservation was formed, it was primarily a conglomeration of the Southern Apache Tribes. Many of the cultural ways of Apache life are still practiced today. The main source of income for the tribe is ranching, hunting, tourism and the Apache Gold Casino & Resort property.

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Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

Points of Interest A Random Sampling of Globe’s Endearing Attractions

Activities

Antique Shopping Over 25 antique shops in Globe-Miami offer a treasure-trove of mining, ranching and early Americana treasures. You can pick up a map at local shops or download a map at www.gmteconnect.com

Stair Walk of Globe A lovely 30-minute walk takes you down Broad Street and up into the residential hills using a series of old stairs built around the turn-of-the-century. Great for local residents and visitors who want to explore Globe and get a little aerobic exercise.

Octoberfest-Halloween-Ghosts of Globe A cacophony of fun events happen every October beginning with an Octoberfest Street Fair on Oak Street with pumpkin carvings, carnival, food booths, antique peddlers and more.

Halloween night brings thousands to downtown Globe to catch the Ghosts of Globe Tours, and the very spooky, not-quite-hollywood Jail House Tour of Terror.

There is music and dancin' in the street hosted by DJ Big John, costume contests and, of course, trick or treating.

Rafting The Salt River It's been called the little Grand Canyon and every Spring, the Salt River attracts thousands of adventure seekers who run the river in rafts and kayaks. Most rafting companies offer half day, full day and three-day trips. Season: March-May.

The Easter Parade

Held every year in Downtown Globe where people come to stroll the sidewalks in their Easter Finery as sounds from the 1948 American Musical “Top Hat” starring Judy Garland and Fred Astaire wafts over the strollers from the band stand. Join the fun – get out your hat!

Events

Apache Jii Day: October This hugely popular street fair featuring Apache and Native American artisans and performing groups takes place every year in Downtown Globe on the second Saturday of October. Sponsored by the Globe-Miami Chamber of Commerce. For more information, visit www.globemiamichamber.com.

Cinco de Mayo Honoring the contributions of the Hispanic community to this region and celebrating the victory of the Mexican militia over the French army at The Battle Of Puebla in 1862, Cinco de Mayo is an all-out festive occasion.

Includes the crowning of the Queens, Mariachi Bands, music, food booths and more.

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End of the Rail: Celebrating 100 Years of Rail Celebrating another season of rail travel, this newest event on Globe's roster takes place the last day of the Copper Spike season and is held at the Historic Train Depot. It will feature food, vendors, games, entertainers and more relating to the history of Rail Travel. More information can be found at www.gmteconnect.com

Globe's Annual Historic Home & Building Tour Hosted by the Chamber of Commerce, this popular event showcases Globe's architectural heritage. A majority of buildings in the downtown area were constructed between 1904-1916, with many homes dating back that far as well. Now held the first weekend in March. www.globemiamichamber.com

Attractions

Historical Museums Globe has a rich history in mining, railroads, and rowdiness.

It was the seat of powerful monied interests at the turn of the century, and produced many of the State's leaders including the first Governor – W.P. Hunt.

Two historical museums do much to preserve, protect and promote our cultural heritage: Gila County Historical Museum and Bullion Plaza Cultural Museum.

The Old Jail Built in 1910, the Globe Territorial Jail hosted many infamous individuals from the Sheriffs and their Deputies, to the Outlaws and the Unlucky Ones. Tours are available to walk these haunted hallways. And yes, the steel doors still clang shut with their old vigor. Displays and video of those territorial days will please the curious.

We hope this short list of our attractions has whet your appetite to discover Globe! You are hereby invited to come play with us in 2011. For more information on all the events listed here and those yet unplanned, please visit www.gmteconnect.com – a service of GlobeMiamiTimes.

– Kind Regards, the Citizens of Globe

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Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

GLOBE HISTORIC DISTRICT Thanks to the Gila Historical Museum, Globe Main Street Program and local historians Donna Anderson, Bill Haak and Kip Culver for their invaluable assistance in compiling information for this book.

1: GILA COUNTY COURT HOUSE/ CENTER FOR THE ARTS 100 N. Broad Street. Built in 1906 to house the County Courthouse. It is said the many steps leading to the third floor courtroom allowed a guilty man to ponder his sins. After that, he was led across the catwalk to the old jail. Built of a locally quarried stone, dacite, the cost was $40,000. Today it houses the Cobre Valley Center for the Arts. www.cvca.org

2: OLD GILA COUNTY JAIL 149 E. Oak Street. Built in 1910 of reinforced concrete, it’s cell blocks were transported from the territorial prison in Yuma. It was in continuous use until 1978. Today it houses a video on Globe’s early days and historical items from Globe’s rough & rowdy past.

3: ST. JOHN’S EPISCOPAL CHURCH 175 E. Oak Street. Built in 1907, St. John’s is the oldest church in continuous use in the county and was placed on the National Register in 1976. It’s shake roof was replaced through a Main Street Grant in 2006.

4: FAMILY FELLOWSHIP CHURCH Corner of Hill & Oak Street.

Constructed in 1917, the Baptists built this impressive church of native tufa stone which Mexican stone cutters carved from the quarry near San Carlos.

5: COCA-COLA BOTTLING WHSE/ HILL STREET MALL 383 S. Hill Street. Completed in 1920, the building was designed and built in the shape of the State of Arizona, and was the original location of the local Pay'n Takit grocery store (see the alley off Sycamore for the original painted ad), which later merged with several other stores to form the familiar Safeway chain. Over the decades, this poured-concrete structure has also been host to the Gila County Museum, two car dealerships, a Coca-Cola bottling warehouse, and Johnny's Country Corner; for the past five years, the Hill Street Mall has been proud to call it home.

6: HOLY ANGELS CATHOLIC CHURCH 201 S. Broad Street. Built between 1916 and 1918 as funds were available.

Father Guenevrier himself supervised every detail of the construction. Emil Frei, one of the nation’s foremost artisans in stained glass, designed the eight large windows which grace the interior of the church.

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7: UPTONS CANDY/ JOE'S BROAD STREET GRILL 247 S. Broad Street. Built on the site of Shanlon Feed & Supply by Uptons for their Candy factory, "Upton's Confectionary" in the early 1920's, it was constructed of poured concrete.

Today it is home to Joe's Broad Street Grill.

8: OLD DOMINION WAREHOUSE / PICKLE BARREL TRADING POST 404 S. Broad Street. Built in 1903 of maurel cement blocks. It was originally the railroad warehouse for the Old Dominion General Store. Today it is a trading post in the great Southwest tradition, offering Native American fine art and crafts and more. Over 8,000 sq.ft. of merchandise, their motto is “You Won’t Believe What’s Inside.” www.picklebarreltradingpost.com.

9: AZ EASTERN TRAIN DEPOT 230 S. Broad Street.

Designed by Trost & Trost in 1916 to house an expanded Passenger Depot and executive offices. The property originally included the Depot, RR Cafe and Freight Office. Today only the Depot & Freight office remain.

10: THE AMSTER BUILDING/ PALACE PHARMACY 104 N Broad Street. Built in 1909 of fired red brick and cast metal cornices, it housed the Ryan-Evans drug store considered “one of the finest in the Territory.” It was completely restored in the ’90’s. Today it is home to Palace Pharmacy and Thompson & DeRose Attorneys.

11: THE MASONIC LODGE/ORTEGA’S SHOES

120/180 N. Broad Street. Built in 1912 on the former site of Wiley’s Saloon.

Established as lodge headquarters for the White Mountain Lodge #3 and the Free and Accepted Masons who were established in 1881. The Upper floor houses the Lodge, and the lower floors were designed to accommodate multiple businesses.

12: OLD DOMINION MERCANTILE 190 N. Broad Street. Built in 1904 to house the successful enterprise of the Old Dominion Commercial Company. It’s delivery boy would go on to become Arizona’s first Governor. George P. Hunt went to work for them in 1890 at $60/ week. By 1904 he was managing the company and oversaw the construction of the new site. He as elected Governor in 1912.

18 13: AZ SILVER BELT/COPPER HILLS GIFTS 200 N Broad Street. Home to Globe's first newspaper: The Arizona Silver Belt, established in 1878 by Judge Aaron Hackney. In 1912 the front of the structure was faced with brick and a stepped parapet. Judge Hackney is still considered one of the finest newspaper editors of his time. The building later housed Ryan and Company and the Copper Hills Gift Store.

14: THE HITCHCOCK BUILDING / SHIRLEY’S GIFTS 286 N. Broad Street. One of the oldest buildings on Broad Street, believed to have been built in 1899 by Hitchcock & Company, wholesale and retail druggists who sold fancy goods and fine liquors "for medicinal purposes." The second story was used as a brothel. In 1905 the business had new management and housed Palace Pharmacy until they moved.

Today, it is home to Shirley’s Gifts and has been completely renovated.

15: THE KEEGAN BUILDING/ BACON’S BOOTS & SADDLES 290 N. Broad Street. Built in 1881 of adobe and operated as a saloon initially.

Keegan purchased it in 1903 and continued to operate a saloon & brothel but by 1910 was out of business. The front of the building was re-faced in 1905. It was later used by the Burnett Electric Company, until 1972 when Ed & Doris Bacon moved their saddle shop and western store to this location.

16: GILA VALLEY BUILDING 292 N. Broad Street.

Built in 1909 to house a branch office of the very successful Gila Valley Bank and Trust Company of Solomonville, the building was designed by Chicago architects Adler & Sullivan. Sullivan was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright. It reflects the Beaux Arts Neoclassical style and uses heavily ornamented terra cotta blocks. In a field of impressive structures built between 1905-1916, this is perhaps the most beautifully detailed. A reflection of the architectural genius of A&S, Valley National Bank moved into the building in 1952.

In 1989 it was carefully restored by Michael Day and housed Simply Sarah’s for many years. Today, it houses Vamp, a beauty salon.

Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails 17: THE KINNEY HOUSE/ PAST TIMES ANTIQUES 167 W. Mesquite Street. Built in the late 1880’s, it was destroyed by the flood of 1891 and rebuilt. It served as a boarding house to miners and fortune seekers and later as the home of the Pinal Mountain Lodge of the Knights of Pythias. The emblem of the Knights can still be seen embedded into the floor. Today it houses Past Times Antiques one of the oldest and largest antique stores in Globe.

18: THE ELKS BUILDING/ GLOBE ANTIQUE MALL 155 W. Mesquite Street. Built in 1910 to house the Globe Elks Club formed in 1899.

The ground floor was used for commercial purposes with the lodge functions occupying the upper two floors. It has the distinction of being the ‘tallest three-story brick building’ in Ripley’s Believe It or Not. It seems they ordered too many bricks for the building and instead of wasting them, they built the third floor with 24 ft. ceilings. Today it houses Globe Antique Mall. The upper floors are vacant.

19: THE BUTLER BUILDING North Broad & Mesquite Street. Built in 1901 by B.F. Butler, it was leased to W.W. Brookner for his first store. It was built on a solid concrete foundation and constructed of fired red brick. After Brookner moved to larger facilities in 1903, it became the First National Bank.

Later the Old Dominion Bank occupied space. It currently is unoccupied.

20: OLD CUBITTO BUILDING/ SIMPLY SARAH’S 386 N. Broad Street. Build in 1905, the building has large original glass windows, maple floor and skylights. It housed Cubitto Jewelry from 1905-1996. Today it houses Simply Sarah’s, an elegant retail establishment offering fine ladies’ apparel, gourmet foods and skin care.

21: POOR MAN'S BROTHELS The remains of mud adobe huts can be seen on the banks of Pinal Creek which once housed Chinese prostitutes and other unfortunate souls who couldn't afford "upstairs rooms." Circa 1890's-1930's

19 22: SANG TAI RESTAURANT/ COPPER PARROT 576 Broad Street. Built in 1905, it is the only remaining building of early Chinese settlers. Dea Gin Foo & his brother, bought the block on Broad in 1899 for $10,000.

This purchase was exceptional for it’s size and audacity at the time coming from Chinese Immigrants. Dea Gin Foo went on to become a successful restaurant owner who counted as friends the likes of George Hunt and E.F. Kellner. His son, George Dea, later ran the Star Buffet next door. Today it houses the SaddleBack Steak House and the Copper Parrot Bar.

23: THE INTERNATIONAL HOUSE/THE DRIFT INN SALOON 636 N. Broad Street. Built in 1902 by Pascual Nibro, it was purchased by the Raboliattis about 1914. Constructed of adobe bricks and featured decorative pressed metal around the windows. A punched tin ceiling and other elegant details inspired people to claim this 12,000 sq.ft. structure “...the largest and finest new commercial building on Broad.” It has served as a brothel with 20 cribs along the halls, bar, barbershop and café. It later housed the Owl Bar and Blackie’s Tavern before becoming The Drift Inn in the '80's. The new owners restored the building with historic grants and sweat equity. Sitting at the bar today, you can reflect on much of Globe’s history.

24: THE MCKEVITT BUILDING/ BLUE MULE GALLERY 656 N. Broad. Built in 1899 by McKevitt, the building was added to in 1906. It has housed an auto supply, liquor store, boarding house and bordello. Truly one of the most beautifully restored buildings on Broad, the floor is composed of thousands of scrap oak laid in a mosaic pattern. Today it houses the Blue Mule Gallery and Frame Shop, with offices above. www.bluemule.net

25: THE OLD TONTO HOTEL It stands on the site of the Old Murphy Hotel built before 1898. The Hactels purchased the Murphy Hotel and built the four-story Tonto Hotel in 1916.

The hotel was closed in the 1970's and is now in private hands. In the 50’s nearly 16 ft. of the front façade was sheared off to widen Broad Street.

26: THE OLD BAKERY Built of fired red brick in the early 1900's, it was occupied by Pioneer BakersBerndt and Koch and later Arizona Bakery.

The upstairs were apartments. The large distinctive round windows are really square windows which have been framed in to look round. It housed a health food store for years, but today is vacant.

27: TROJANOVICH HOME/ CEDAR HILL BED & BREAKFAST 175 E. Cedar Street. Built in 1904 by Anton Trojanovich who came to Globe to start a lumber yard, the home offers rich wood detailing and a large expansive front porch. The home has been on the Historic Home Tour several times and has housed the Cedar Hill Bed & Breakfast since 1992. www.cedarhillaz.com

28 THE TRUST BUILDING & GLOBE THEATER / HOLLIS CINEMAS 189 N. Broad Street. The Trust Building was a grand four-story fired brick building which served for many years as a fine hotel. It later became medical offices, the greyhound bus station and lunch counter. It was destroyed in a fire in 2005 which also took the Globe Theater (Built 1916) which was one of the Fox Theater properties. Although it took nearly five years, a new four-plex theater was re-built on ground which occupied these two buildings. www.holliscinemas.com

29: WOOLWORTH BUILDING / UNITED JEWELRY 127 N. Broad Street. Originally constructed by the Sultan brothers for their dry goods business, the building was constructed in 1909 of fired red brick. It was a grand building in keeping with the times with a beautifully detailed cornice. The Woolworth Company moved into the building in 1916 and when a fire gutted the upper floor in 1935 a new Art Deco facade was designed and the building taken down to just one floor.

Woolworth’s remained in the space until 1993 when it was the last of nearly 400 stores to close. Today it houses United Jewelry, established in 1926 in Miami.

30: US POST OFFICE 101 S. Hill Street. Built in 1926 to house the US Post Office and the Federal Court. Built in the Georgian Revival style of red brick, it is on the National Register of Historic Places.

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Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

Downtown is Baaaaaack!

Courtesy of Globe Main Street Program Although, cities outgrew them long ago and many towns have overlooked them in a rush to attract box stores and strip malls, the Main Street of our childhood memories still exists in some communities. They are rare, in a mobile society geared to the latest fad and changing landscapes.

Recognizing their importance nearly 30 years ago, the National Trust for Historic Preservation developed a program designed to retain that elusive quality lost in suburbia: community character.

The program is designed to help retain these icons of American life from an earlier era.

It assists those who would champion the cause of Main Street America. A place which once held the lifeblood of the community and served as the central district of a communities’ social, economic and cultural life. In Arizona, there are only 15 Main Street programs and Globe joined that roster in 1986.

The eight block district of Globe’s downtown, stretching from Railroad Court on the South end of Broad Street to the railroad trestle on the North end was officially designated a historic district in 1986. The historic district offers a rich inventory of buildings constructed between 1904 and 1916 during the region’s heyday of copper mining.

Yet, like many Main Streets in America, Globe’s historic buildings were abandoned at one time for the splash of aluminum and concrete shopping malls – and Wal Mart.

Yet, they survived. And Downtown survived – although barely, at times. At one point in the early 80’s after a particularly difficult downward economic spiral brought about by plunging copper prices, more than half of downtown was boarded up. A writer with the Arizona Republic predicted the death knell for Globe. Donna Anderson, local historian, remembers operating one of the few businesses at that time and being interviewed by the writer.

She said he was wrong in his assessment of Globe.

She was right.

21 A random sampling of recent successes within the last five years: Restoration of 1910 Territorial Jail, 1906 Gila County Court House, Arizona Eastern Freight Office & Depot and other historical buildings A major streetscaping project in cooperation with the City of Globe involving installation of trees, pavers and lighting for Historic District – Downtown Globe Joe & Holly Brantley present Kip with the proceeds from the JailHouse Tour of Terror. Held inside the old territorial jail each year, it is truly a frightful experience.

Fast forward nearly 25 years and the downtown district is nearly eighty percent occupied with local, small business operations, a thriving arts community in the Cobre Valley Center for the Arts, a seasonal excursion train operating out of the restored Arizona Eastern Depot, and hosts a plethora of community events from street fairs and concerts, to parades...and yes, weddings!

Kip Culver, the Main Street Director is the energetic, enduring driving force behind the programs success.

After taking over in 2005, this native son invited several downtown leaders to stroll the sidewalks of Broad Street with him to “assess the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities” for the downtown district. That day a list was compiled which largely ignored such issues like costs, politics or practicality. Instead, it was built on a vision to preserve Broad Street’s rich historical legacy and enhance the viability of downtown as a modern-day, community hub.

The program had no money to speak of at the time, and up to then had largely hosted a few parades and suggested paint colors for old buildings. The new Main Street group with a visionary leader and a core group of dedicated downtown merchants, volunteers and supporters began to rack of so many small successes that even to the uninitiated, the Big Picture, is taking shape and making itself felt by locals and visitors.

Please visit the Globe Main Street page on www.gmteconnect.com for more information on the program, current projects and future plans.

Expansion of community events including Halloween Fall Festival, the Easter Parade and Annual Light Parade Securing grants to replace shake roof of Episcopal Church, the cornice on the old jail, electrical upgrades for the courthouse, architectural design of Globe Cafe and others

Globe’s Downtown...

It is a downtown where, within an eight block area you can break out your walking shoes, get some fresh air and take care of life. You can get breakfast, have a pedicure, buy the kids some school uniforms, stock up on home-made fudge, get your saddle repaired, share a cold beer on a shaded porch with friends, pick up a game of pool, get your car serviced, buy a new set of tires, mail a letter, shop for groceries, go for a mango smoothie, discuss real estate with the professionals, get your taxes done, have your hair cut or your whiskers shaved. You can pick out a tuxedo for your man, a Quincinera dress for your daughter, gifts for your friends of all ages and enjoy a “spoils store” for women. You can find antique stores of all sizes and specialities and a hometown pharmacy where they remember your name. You can visit an attorney or check in with the entire fire department, police department or city administration. You can catch a local play, get your portrait taken, find a bed for the night, enjoy a movie, pick up a diamond for your sweetheart or just sit on a bench and watch life go by.

Downtown Globe. It can occupy your lifetime.

Or you can close your eyes and stride the length of it in fifteen minutes.

Ice Cream.

You Want It. We Got It. Historic Downtown Globe 226 N Broad • Globe, AZ 85501 928-425-2445

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Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

The Truth About 4’ 81/2” Wide Tracks URBAN LEGEND It has often been said that specifications and bureaucracies live on forever.

An Urban Legend regarding the Roman Empire and the width of railroad tracks sprang from this notion and has existed since after WWII. The legend begins with a partial truth, as many legends do. In the days of the Roman Empire, chariot wheels were known to cause deep ruts in the roads which made them accident prone – or simply impassable.

To alleviate this problem, the Romans laid flat stones in the ruts and created a sort of ‘rail system’ for the chariot wheels.

The width of the tracks was determined by the wheelbase of the chariots, which in turn was determined by the rather large expanse of the two warhorses used to pull the Chariots. This ideal measurement for man and horse just happened to be 4’81/2”. The exact width of the standard gauge tracks laid for the “Modern Railroad” in America dating back to the first railroads.

How did the Americans settle on this width? It was not by studying Roman history. The legend continues that it was the English, nearly 1,400 years after the Roman Empire, which were responsible for the earliest experiments with tramways, railroads and steam engines. Using some of the same tools as the Chariot builders and influenced by ruts, reportedly left by Roman Chariots, the English designed tramways and hand cards with the same measurement in mind, as the Romans did.

The tracks, the size of the cars and carts which rode on them and the width of what came to be known as standard gauge – were all thought to have been influenced by the early Romans.

All of this appears to be more fiction than fact, as several authors point out.

THE TRUTH AND NOTHING BUT THE TRUTH The “Roman connection” has been questioned by several historians who don’t believe English were influenced nearly 1,400 years later by Roman Chariot builders. And they point out that the ruts were created by hand-pulled carts – not those pulled by massive warhorses.

In England where mining was in full swing, carts on rails had been used for years, but since the rails did not share a destination – or share carts – the rails varied in width from mine site to mine site. English engineer, George Stephenson, who worked with the different mines, kept experimenting with steam engines and carts, finally settling on 4’81/2”. Although he later decided an extra 6” would made things easier, there were already 1,200 miles of “Stephenson” track and the 56” width became the standard.

The American railroad engineers may have been influenced by the English since it was England who built the first public railway in 1803, and were responsible for many of the earliest inventions of what would become the steam engine. It was the English in 1803 who opened the first public railway, the Surrey Iron Railway in south London It would be another 25 years before the US would build it’s first rail line, the Baltimore & Ohio. “... Interestingly, the 4’81/2” width has not always been the standard in the U.S. According to the Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography, at the beginning of the Civil War, there were more than 20 different gauges ranging from 3-6 ft., although the 4’81/2” which was the most widely used. During the war, any supplies transported by rail had to be transferred by hand whenever a car on one gauge encountered track of another gauge. More than 4,000 miles of new track was laid during the war to standardize the process. Later, Congress decreed that the 4’81/2” standard would be used for transcontinental railway."

SOURCES: *Wikipedia * TruthorFiction.com * Chicagonow.com

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Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

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Your Travel Guide to Riding the Rails

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Image by Jeannette Bronson: Photographer Publication courtesy of GlobeMiamiTimes. Globe, AZ 85501 Since 2006 www.globemiamitimes.com in cooperation with Globe Main Street Program