Work Package 3 Analysis
Prepared by
Dr. Barry McAuley, Post Doctorate Researcher, DIT and CitA Dr. Alan Hore, Principal Investigator, DIT Prof. Roger West, Associate Investigator , TCD
Table of Contents 1.
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 3
2.
BICP OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................... 4
3.
GLOBAL BIM STUDY .............................................................................................. 5
3.1
Europe .......................................................................................................................... 5
3.2
Rest of World ............................................................................................................... 6
3.3
Lessons Learnt ............................................................................................................. 9
4.
BIM IN IRELAND 2017 ........................................................................................... 10
5.
WORK PACKAGE 3 ANALYSIS ........................................................................... 13
5.1
Methodology .............................................................................................................. 15
5.2
Theme 1: Clients ........................................................................................................ 17
5.3
Theme 2: SME ........................................................................................................... 21
5.4
Theme 3: Public Sector .............................................................................................. 24
5.5
Theme 4: Standards ................................................................................................... 28
5. 6
Theme 5: Training and Education ............................................................................. 31
6.
SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 39
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1.
INTRODUCTION
Since 2016 the Building Information Modelling (BIM) Innovation Capability Programme (BICP) has captured the capability of the Irish construction industry and the Higher Education Institutes (HEI) response to the increased requirement for BIM on Irish construction and engineering projects. Two of the major milestones of this projects has been the publication of the Global BIM Study and BIM in Ireland 2017 Report which have served in navigating the National BIM Council (NBC) of Ireland on the design of their industry roadmap for digitisation. The BICP has collated though workshops, surveys, interviews, consultations and maturity studies a significant body of research to ensure that the data that has been used to establish this roadmap is both relevant and current. A significant part of the BICP project is to analyse all of the collated data to provide further guidance for the industry on the specific areas of concern that the roadmap must provide a focus on. This report represents an intensive period of analysis undertaken by the BICP Team. The purpose was to analysis all the data collated in Work Packages 1 and 2 in order to establish the key themes that have become prevalent. The analysis of all the data collated was undertaken through a thematic analysis approach using the Nvivo 11software tool. This involved a detailed discussion of the implicit meaning of the aforementioned data collated in the earlier work packages. This report will provide an overview of the BICP with a particular focus on the impact of the Global BIM and BIM in Ireland 2017 studies. The report will then focus on the analysis of work package one and two before summarising the key findings.
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2.
BICP OVERVIEW
The BICP 2016-2017 managed by CitA was funded by Enterprise Ireland to help assist the NBC of Ireland in determining the likely strategic direction in the digital transformation of the Irish construction industry. The construction industry is one of the last industries to experience this digital transformation. However, in more recent years with the increased use of Building Information Modelling (BIM), Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Drones and 3D printing the industry is starting to see fundamental changes in how designing, building and managing built assets might be more efficiently achieved in the future. Figure 1 provides an overview of the key packages.
.Figure 1 – BICP Work Packages
Work package 1 focused on a desk-based study appraising the Global Adoption of BIM in selected jurisdictions. A comprehensive review of BIM in Ireland was also prepared in addition to both public and private Irish BIM Case Studies and an annual Irish BIM Transition Survey. Work Package 2 focused on a field-based study, appraising the attitudes towards BIM from key stakeholders engaged in the Irish AEC sector. In addition, a number of focused consultation workshops were undertaken to identify industry requirements in respect to BIM adoption. Work Package 3 is an in-depth analysis which will involve collating and analysing the data collected in Work Package 1 and 2. The primary content of this report details the key findings. Work Package 4 is the evolving channel of communication utilised by the BICP team to exploit all dissemination channels to communicate with the Irish construction business community.
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3. GLOBAL BIM STUDY The BICP Global BIM Study focused on exploring the value proposition to why Gverments have championed BIM and the initiatives they are doing to advance it within their countries. A total of 27 countries within different continents, though with a strong focus on Europe, were explored (Figure 2).
3.1
Europe
From an EU perspective, a number of countries have initiated national programmes to promote BIM capability. The European Commission recently awarded the EU BIM Task Group funding for two years (2016-2017) to deliver a common European network aimed at aligning the use of BIM in public works. This accumulation of this work has resulted in the publication of the EU BIM Handbook for Public Sector Clients. In the UK a Level 2 BIM programme has been mandated since 2016. The UK government's primary value proposition was to align this initiative with a measurable reduction in capital costs, delivery time and carbon usage. The UK has developed, in tandem with its BIM initiative, a suite of connected frameworks and guidelines. Scotland launched a Level 2 BIM Implementation programme in 2015, stipulating that BIM Level 2 would become a requirement by 2017 on projects over a threshold of £4.32m. The Scottish Government have commissioned the Scottish Future Trust (SFT) to introduce a BIM Level 2 Grading Tool which helps one to understand when to adopt BIM Level 2 and the BIM Compass, which is to assess one's BIM capability. The French Government are to deploy BIM within the housing sector on 500,000 houses by 2017. The Le Plan Transition Numérique dans le Bâtiment task group is responsible for the French Roadmap. In Germany a number of high profile jobs have run significantly over budget which has led to the establishment of the Planen-bauen 4.0 limited company which will guide and steer the implementation of BIM towards a 2020 mandate. Recently the Italian Standard body (UNI) published parts 1, 4 and 5 of the National UNI 11337. These standards address the required digital information management processes for building. Spain will also introduce a BIM mandate in March 2018 and further mandatory use in infrastructure projects by July 2019. A steering committee called Comisión para la Implantación de la Metodología BIM has been set up to promote BIM.
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Scandinavian countries have been leading the BIM agenda for a number of years and have seen significant benefits. In Finland the Senate Properties has mandated BIM since 2007 and as of October 2016, the Finnish Government have started a new programme called KIRAdigi which is aiming for wider digitalisation of the construction industry, not only BIM. BIM has been in operation in Denmark for a number of years when in June 2011 the Danish Parliament extended the mandatory adoption of BIM to all local and regional projects worth over €2.7 million, while central government projects had a lower threshold of €677,000. The Norwegian government established its national mandate to reduce errors, improve coordination, increase the energy efficiency of its buildings and in general gain efficiencies. The BIM Alliance Sweden published a BIM guideline, called ‘BIM – Standardiseringsbehov’ to assist in promoting BIM adoption. The Netherlands set up the Building Information Council as part of the Rijkswaterstaat highways and waterways BIM programme, so as to improve quality, continuity
and
international competitiveness of the Dutch building industry in 2012. The Czech Republic are just beginning to use BIM technologies and released the Czech BIM Handbook in 2013. An Open BIM guide for Switzerland has been recently published which helps users develop a BIM methodology in partnership with existing standards of the Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects.
3.2
Rest of World
BIM in the USA has seen widespread adoption by large public owners, including the General Services Administration and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, both requiring BIM deliverables on all major projects. The Veterans Affairs Office of Construction and Facilities Management, New York City Department of Design and Construction and the State of Ohio BIM Protocol all deploy BIM mandates in their respective States or departments. Other public sector mandates include the State of Tennessee Office, Texas Facilities Commission, State of Maryland and Washington D.C. Public Schools, and State of Wisconsin. The Institute for BIM in Canada (IBC) is to lead and facilitate the coordinated use of BIM in the design, construction and management of the Canadian built environment. The IBC have created a Canadian Roadmap for Lifecycle BIM in the Canadian AEC sector. The IBC, in conjunction with bSC and various industry experts, has recently published a 3-volume Canadian Practice Manual for BIM.
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Brazil’s National Department of Transport Infrastructure is embracing BIM in the hope of it assisting in achieving a 30% cost savings across the building lifecycle. In 2014 Dr Mohamad Kassem and BIM expert Professor Sergio Leusin created a report to present to Brazilian policy makers with conclusions and recommendations for BIM implementation in the country. The Chilean government have introduced a BIM Plan which spans 10-years and seeks to achieve the requirement of BIM for public projects by 2020, and tentatively the requirement of BIM for private projects by 2025. Within Asia, the Singapore Building and Construction Authority had a roadmap for BIM that pushed its construction industry to be using it widely by 2015. The government's long term goal is to create a highly integrated and technologically advanced construction sector. A second BIM roadmap has been realised to further productivity within the public sector. In China the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development’s 12th National Five- Year Plan has requested the use of BIM. The Hong Kong Construction Industry Council Working Group issued the Roadmap for BIM Strategic Implementation in 2014. The roadmap outlines 17 initiatives, under 9 areas, to achieve industry-wide implementation of BIM. South Korea has a BIM regulatory requirement in place since 2011. The Public Procurement Service (PPS) made BIM compulsory for all projects over S$50 million and for all public-sector projects by 2016. While no regulatory requirement for BIM is in place, each state has addressed the topic differently. The Queensland Government policy provides for the use of BIM on the full lifecycle of state infrastructure assets by 2023. The Victoria Government is focused on a digital economy with BIM playing a part and provided for a pilot study in their 2015/16 Budget. In New South Wales, the Transport for NSW (TfNSW) has developed a strategy for implementing BIM. At present despite no mandate the BIM Acceleration Committee in New Zealand, in an effort to develop more efficient work processes, has produced the New Zealand BIM Handbook. The BIM Handbook provides a solid framework for deciding whether or not to use BIM, with a total of 21 defined uses. Within the Middle East the UAE expect to record over the next cycle of its construction boom an estimated $30 billion spend. This has seen Dubai Municipality in 2013 issuing a circular mandating BIM for specified architecture and MEP works in the Emirates for buildings over 40-storeys. In July 2015 an updated circular was issued which detailed Dubai Municipality's intent to expand the usage of BIM on buildings above 20 floors.
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Figure 2: Global BIM Adoption
3.3
Lessons Learnt
The Global BIM Study helped the BICP establish a number of common themes within countries where BIM programmes were currently under development or in their formal implementation phase. Based on these recurring themes in successful international BIM programmes, the BICP team recommended that a number of BIM enablers be adopted by the NBC in June 2016. Figure 3 details the key findings.
Figure 3: BIM Enablers for Irelands BIM programme
A phase 2 of this study, as requested by the NBC explored nine different countries in greater detail with regards to how their international BIM programmes are orgainsed, managed and the level of governmental support that is evident in those jurisdictions. The results show that any proposed international BIM roadmap, whether driven from the private or public sector, requires strong and decisive stewardship from the professional body responsible. As seen from the selection of jurisdictions reviewed, it is crucial that a deep consultation with Industry is undertaken before the release of any roadmap. This in most cases is performed by an external body which has been tasked by the Government to meet their recommendations. The BICP Team has acted within this remit and have provided valuable data within the BIM in Ireland 2017 report that has proved essential to the proposed NBC Digital Roadmap for 2018-2021.
4.
BIM IN IRELAND 2017
The BICP team also prepared a comprehensive BIM in Ireland report (http://www.bicp.ie/irishbim-study/) documenting Ireland’s journey thus far with BIM. The report outlined the improved economic context that the Irish construction industry is currently experiencing, particular in major urban areas. In addition the leadership shown by Enterprise Ireland and the Construction IT Alliance also featured prominently. The knowledge-sharing referred to earlier in the Global BIM study was evident in how Ireland has been influenced by the UK BIM Mandate, the Scottish Futures Trust BIM Implementation programme and smart tools. The importance of the EU BIM Task Group also featured. Part one of this report sets out the context and challenges which now face the Irish Construction Industry and the necessary Government response to these challenges. The report discusses how the collapse of the Irish construction industry and wider economy between 2007 and 2012 brought with it a number of consequences that are now creating a significant number of challenges. Other barriers include the current housing targets, which remains a vexing problem that will require innovative procurement models, as well as the innovative use of ICT solutions to expedite housing delivery in Ireland. The application of technologies and innovative practices, such as, BIM and Lean Construction have the potential to fundamentally enhance the construction industry’s competitiveness. The BIM in Ireland report discusses how the Irish Government’s position in respect to BIM has graduated to a consistent message for the construction sector that BIM is important, if not essential, to future proof business if the sector is to remain competitive. A particular action flowing from the Action for Jobs 2017 (recommendation 32) included a requirement for the Office of Government and Enterprise Ireland to prepare a strategy for the adoption of BIM across the public capital programme and to mandate the manner in which it is to be adopted across the public sector (Figure 5). In response to this recommendation the GCCC, following consultation with public bodies, prepared a position paper with the purpose of inviting responses from industry. The position paper titled “A Public Sector BIM Adoption Strategy” outlines the context and rationale for the adoption of BIM on Irish public works projects and puts forward a proposed timeline for BIM adoption ranging from 12 - 48 months. The report provides the key findings of the BICPs research to date and highlights the important work being carried out by various BIM communities in Ireland, which include the CitA BIM Group, CitA BIM Regional, the Construction Industry Council BIM Group, Society of
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Chartered Surveyors Ireland, etc. In 2016 the BICP team set up a number of working groups to investigate key sectors that will need guidance if BIM is to become an industry norm. This includes the Client Working Group and the BIM Academic Forum Ireland (BAFI). While all of these developments are very positive these groups need to “unite” in their quest to promote BIM in Ireland as there is a danger of greater fragmentation of effort and a lack of joined-up thinking. Further focus is placed on standards within the report. The Irish Digital Transition Survey shows an increase in adoption of PAS1192: 2 and PAS1192:3 from 33% and 35% in 2015 to 55% and 45% in 2016 respectively. An encouraging development was the application of the CIC BIM protocol which increased from 20% to 35% in 2016. In response to PAS 1192 becoming an ISO standard, amongst other things, Ireland has set up a National Mirror Technical Committee to follow the development of BIM standards in EU under CEN TC 442. The BIM in Ireland 2017 report highlights that despite the current absence of a formal regulation for BIM there is still a high level of uptake in BIM training and education in Ireland. All HEIs are actively aware of the growing requirement for BIM and, in that respect, they have tailored existing or created new programmes to respond to this necessary graduate skillset. The report provides a systematic review of third level BIM education and BIM training programmes currently on offer in Ireland, which includes reposting on the entry and destination statistics of the graduates. The report acknowledges the important work of Enterprise Ireland in recognising the value proposition of BIM for both its client bodies but also that the wider construction supply chain in Ireland should be acknowledged. The prominent role that CitA continues to play in the promotion of BIM in Ireland is also expanded within the report. The case study section within the BIM in Ireland 2017 report provides details of the thirteen projects presented at the Irish BIM Innovation Awards. Additional case studies collated include the New Children's Hospital, Schools Bundle 4 and the Greenway Hub The report also provides details on the BICP team’s consultations with public sector bodies which include the Office of Public Works, National Development Financial Agency (NDFA), Irish Water, Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII), Department of Education and Skills and Dublin City Council. The report expands on the continued push from the NDFAs to promote the use of BIM technologies for public works projects and how TII are currently exploring the possibilities of using BIM for the Metro North.
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The reports provides details of the outcomes of the BICPs ongoing engagement with industry practitioners. This includes two Consultation Workshops with representatives from 19 different organisations. The BICP team have also engaged with those who have a particular responsibility for BIM in their businesses in Ireland. An extensive database of these persons has been created, which extends to in excess of 100 individuals. The sample identified an impressive number of BIM projects that their companies were working on in Ireland. These included the application of BIM on social housing, hotels, primary care, education, commercial, pharmaceutical and food manufacturing facilities. The penultimate section provides the results of a Macro Maturity Components models that have been utilised to measure macro BIM adoption across the world. These models can be used for assessing a country’s current BIM adoption policy, benchmarking the BIM maturity of different countries and developing a national BIM adoption policy. The practical implications of this study assisted the NBC in formulating their road map which has been broken into the six key sub packages consisting of Leadership, Procurement, Standards, Training and Education and Transition. Each one of these packages must outline a vision and propose how this is to be executed. The findings from both the BICP Global and Irish BIM studies have provided a valuable reference point with regards to providing data on the current situation and key gaps in place for each sub package.
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5.
WORK PACKAGE 3 ANALYSIS
The Global BIM Study and BIM in Ireland 2017 Report both represent key milestones in the BICP project. The BICP Team have furthered these findings and have expanded the remit of the project to investigate the Irish AEC Sector through a number of different research initiatives. A key requirement of the programme is the in-depth analysis of all data collected over the period of the life of the project. While the BIM in Ireland 2017 Report represents an extensive review of the BIM landscape in Ireland, it was the BICP Teams objective to advance these findings by searching across all of the collated data to establish key themes, This section of the report presents the findings from an intensive period of analysis performed by the BICP Team. The analysis of all the data collated in Work Packages 1 and 2 was undertaken through a thematic analysis approach using the Nvivo 11 analysis tool. This involved a detailed discussion of the implicit meaning of the aforementioned data collated in the earlier work packages. The results have highlighted the key areas that will need to be addressed if Ireland are to continue to make progress on their BIM journey. Table 1 is a reminder of the qualitative data collected, which equated to a total of 53 sources. It was decided to treat each survey as one response i.e. the Future directions of Irelands BICP survey had 80 participants who provided open ended responses to ten questions totalling 157 comments, this will be treated as a single source. This is similar to the consultation workshops which represent a total of 2 focus groups consisting of 23 professionals, this will be treated as two sources i.e. Dublin Workshop (Source 1) and Regional Workshop ( Source 2). Each interview was treated as a single source. The two main BICP publications the Global BIM and BIM in Ireland Reports were not included in this Thematic Analysis as the raw data collated and compiled to draft them will be used instead. Both reports will be referenced throughout.
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RESEARCH
SOURCES
TYPE
DATA COLLECTED
Transition Surveys
2 Sources
Survey - Open Ended Questions
•
•
2016: A total of 37 comments 4 open ended questions inputted into Nvivo. 2017: A total of 34 comments 3 open ended questions inputted into NVivo.
from were from were
Case Studies
22 Source
Semi Structured Interviews
22 case study reports consisting of 33 Interviews were inputted into Nvivo.
Working Groups
2 Source
Survey - Open Ended Questions
•
•
Client Survey: A total of 62comments from 5 open ended questions were inputted into NVivo. BAFI Survey: A total of 6 comments from 1 open ended questions were inputted into Nvivo.
Consultation Workshops
2 Source
Semi Structured Interviews
2 Consultation reports consisting of 2 focus groups with a total of 24 participants were inputted into Nvivo.
HEI Study
7 Sources
Semi Structured Interviews
A total of 7 interviews were inputted into Nvivo.
Public Sector
12 Sources
Semi Structured Interviews
A total of 12 interviews were inputted into Nvivo.
BIM Managers
1 Source
Survey - Open Ended Questions
A total of 22 comments from 1 open ended questions were inputted into Nvivo.
National BIM Council
1 Source
Semi Structured Interviews
1 summary reports consisting of 2 focus groups with a total of 23 participants were inputted into Nvivo.
Response to OGP BIM Adoption Strategy
1 Source
Survey - Open Ended Questions
A total of 67 comments from 3 open ended questions were inputted into Nvivo.
Macro BIM Maturity Survey
1 Source
Survey - Open Ended Questions
A total of 28 comments from 2 open ended questions were inputted into Nvivo.
Future Directions of Irelands BICP
1 Source
Survey - Open Ended Questions
A total of 157 comments from 5 open ended questions were inputted into Nvivo.
Managing Change
1 Source
Survey - Open Ended Questions
A total of 80 comments from 5 open ended questions were inputted into Nvivo.
Education and Training BIM Workshop
Complex
Table 1: Sources
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5.1
Methodology
The methodology follows the process set out by Braun and Clarke (2006). The first part of this process involved familiarising yourself with your data, this involved in putting all of the data detailed from table 1 into Nvivo. A snapshot of this is detailed in the figure 4 titled “Initial input of primary research�.
Fig 4: Initial input of primary research.
The first phase involved interrogating the research and generating nodes within each piece of primary research. This involved manually scrolling through all the data and systemically coding lines of text to the relevant nodes. This created an initial 15 nodes. A snapshot of this process is illustrated in figure 5. The Snapshot in figure 6 details the process involved in the coding of one single line of text within an interview transcript.
Fig 5: Open Coding
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Fig 6: Coding Process
The second phase involved developing categories which consisted in the collating of codes into themes. This involved going through each of the nodes and then organising them into categories. The also involved reviewing the categories to ensure the coded themes worked in relation to the extracts. This ultimately involved breaking the nodes down into more descriptive nodes and assigning them to the most relevant categories. This produced 8 categories in which consisted of 54 nodes. A snapshot of this process is detailed in the figure 7.
Figure 7: Developing Categories
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The next phase of the thematic analysis involved defining and naming themes and the reduction of data. While additional phases are expected within the Braun and Clarke (2006) methodology it was agreed that due to time constraints that the agreed approach was substantial enough. This produced 5 key themes that had a total of 55 nodes. Table 2 provides details of the established themes. Each one will be explored in detail in the next section. Theme
Sources Coded
Citations Coded
Theme 1
CLIENT
32
126
Theme 2
SME
13
27
Theme 3
PUBLIC SECTOR
24
81
Theme 4
STANDARDS
32
94
Theme 5
TRAINING AND EDUCATION
39
181
Table 2: Primary Themes
5.2
Theme 1: Clients
The “CLIENT” theme evolved through the thematic analysis into the two fundamental sub themes of “Education of Clients” and “Demand for BIM. Table 3 provides a detail of the sources and citations code. Theme Theme 1 Theme 2
Sources Coded 22 22
Education of Clients Demand for BIM
Citations Coded 80 42
Table 3: Breakdown of the Client Themes outputted from the Thematic Analysis
Sub Theme 1: Education of Clients Theme 1: Education of Clients
Sources Coded 12 11 9 11 12
Understanding the Benefits of BIM Operational Stage Not understanding the BIM process. Educate Clients Cultural Mindset
Citations Coded 21 15 22 13 19
Table 4: Education of Clients
The application of Nvivo resulted in the production of five key nodes that were best used to describe the most important sections of the data. The themes from the first key node titled “Education of Clients” are outlined in table 4. The most prevalent sub-theme was the
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“Understanding the Benefits of BIM”. The recent 3rd digital transition survey highlighted that Clients are still unaware of the value proposition of BIM. The BAFI Client survey also found that clients are not fully engaged in terms of BIM and that only a few companies have good BIM knowledge. Both Consultation Workshops also found that at present Clients are concerned with the costs associated with the BIM process and can only see the initial cost outlay and the work involved getting it to the point of tendering. These findings were enforced by the recent Future Directions of BICP Survey which found that the Construction industry is struggling to educate clients. The second sub theme of “Operational Stage” focuses on the consistent message that Clients need to be educated on the potential benefits of using the model post construction “As a result of the BIM process the Client reported that they can use the data-rich AIM to enhance their FM practices.” (BICP Case Study: Clinical Education and Research Centre). This was supported by the representatives of the Dublin Regional Workshop “The model can then be delivered to the client, which can provide a great asset for facilities manage” (Dublin Consultation Workshop). The next sub theme of “Not understanding the BIM process” while similar to the “Understanding the Benefits of BIM” explored the lack of awareness the Client has towards BIM workflows. Some of the comments that came back from the 2017 Digital Transition Survey include that “Clients are looking for some of these benefits, without fully appreciating how the process works”.
Both Consultation Workshops found that there was lack of
understanding of what is entailed in achieving a Level 2 BIM standard. It was noted that the highest priority for the client is finishing the project on time and within budget. While a high awareness of BIM is evident it was noted that Clients are only requesting it because they believe they should ask for it. In the BICP Case Studies for 27-33 Baggot Street Upper Refurbishment Project, One Windmill Lane and Grangegorman it was discovered that there is a clear lack of a Client Employers Information Requirements (EIR).With no EIR in place and no contract obligation it was difficult to track BIM deliverables and accountability on these project. The NBC Education and Training Workshop found that
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“One needs to hear back from the client and their asset management needs. Each institute needs to have an understanding of the future needs of the industry with regards to BIM in order to structure their training programmes” (NBC Education and Training Workshop). The response to the GCCC positional paper which was facilitated by the BICP Team also found that there is widely varying levels of BIM experience and capability in Client and Contractor organisations, leading to misalignment of expectations and sub-optimal delivery of BIM projects. The same survey also discovered that in some instances there is a lack of interest and knowledge of the practical benefits of using BIM processes, with no desire to change. The final two sub themes of “Educate Clients” and “Cultural Mindset” focused on the call to upskill clients. The Future Directions of Irelands BICP survey also found that “Serious work needs to go into working with clients to educate them of the potential value of the process but more importantly the vital role they have in defining the process”(Future Directions of Irelands BICP Report). One of the BIM Managers within the Engagement with the Industry Survey stated that Clients need to become more educated about the importance of establishing clear and concise asset information requirements at the outset of projects where BIM is mandated. Another BIM Manager noted a relative inexperience of BIM at management and project management level, is leading to failure to clearly define the scope of ones BIM delivery. Other valid statements recorded include the need to develop a strategy to assist with mindset change.
Sub Theme 2: Demand for BIM Theme 1: Demand for BIM
Sources Coded 8 8 7 2
Client Led Hire External Consultant Visual Context Lack of Maturity in the Sector
Citations Coded 12 9 9 12
Table 5: Demand for BIM
While the previous theme focused on the current lack of appreciation within the sector, the theme that developed as a result of the coding demonstrates an appetite for BIM within the industry. The thematic analysis resulted in the production of four key nodes that are outlined
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in table 5. Within the “Demand for BIM” theme the most prevalent sub-theme was the “Client Led” node. The 2017 Digital Transition Survey shows that 75% of respondents reported an increase in demand for BIM in Ireland. This figure demonstrates a continued demand in Ireland for BIM services. The Engagement with the Industry survey also established a number of projects that are currently deploying BIM tools and processes in Ireland. This included schools, student accommodation, fit out projects, commercial development, hospitals, third level, data centres, social housing, primary care centres, hotels, social housing, primary care centres, pharmaceutical and food manufacturing facilities. A number of case including Mercer Institute for Successful Ageing (MISA), Central Bank, 2733 Baggot Street Upper Refurbishment Project and Engineering Documentation all represent Client led BICP case studies. The macro maturity study also establishes that BIM is being driven mainly through private sector clients. “Educated clients initially were very important in assuring that all team members collaborated in a defined manner” (Macro Maturity Study). The second sub theme of “Hire External Consultant” found that a number of Clients are hiring BIM consultants to assist them. Throughout the life of the BICP some of the case studies and consultations were external consultants were used include One Windmill Lane, Dublin Airport Authority, Transport Infrastructure Ireland, |Fingal County Council, Dublin City Council, etc. This is again a sign of the high demand for BIM services and the growing requirement for an independent advisory service. The third sub theme found that the primary benefit that Clients are seeing through the application of BIM is within a “Visual Context”. A number of cases studies again demonstrate that the greatest use of BIM for the Client is its application in demonstrating virtual walk throughs of a building. This finding would align with the two previous sub themes “Understanding the Benefits of BIM” and “Operational Stage” that the true benefits of BIM i.e. within the post construction stage are not been understood by the Client. The final sub theme of “Lack of Maturity in the Sector” was a finding from the GCCC paper response. One of the key primary feedbacks from the survey found that there is a lack of BIM professionals within the industry that can effectively meet the needs of the Client. Also, the
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availability of BIM graduates in the market to fulfil the demands of BIM projects is seen as a key concern. “The main obstacles would be a knowledge deficiency of BIM, staff training and implementation costs”. (GCCC Paper Response Summary) Figure 8 provides an illustration of the key findings.
Figure 8: Theme Client key findings. 5.3
Theme 2: SME
The “SME” theme evolved through the thematic analysis into the four fundamental sub themes of
“Training and Resources”, “BIM Capability”, “Financial Concerns” and
“Implementing BIM”. Table 6 provides a detail of the sources and citations code.
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Theme Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 Theme 4
Sources Coded 7 6 5 2
Training and Resources BIM Capability Financial Concerns Implementing BIM
Citations Coded 9 7 6 3
Table 6: Breakdown of the SME Themes outputted from the Thematic Analysis
The “Training and Resources” theme developed as a result of a consistent message through the data that SMEs in order to advance their understanding of BIM need access to training and resources. The Engagement with the Industry Survey discovered that Government / Public bodies need to offer practical training and guidance for SME's to develop their capabilities. The primary training for SMEs is coming from the larger organisations as evidenced through some of the BICP Case studies i.e. JJ Rhaitigans provide BIM workshops for sub-contractors, RPS invite key suppliers to attend BIM workshops, SISK provide a BIM Engineer on site to ensure that BIM processes and technologies were been adequately applied. The Regional Consultation Workshop also found the larger contractors are required to place skilled staff on site to ensure that correct procedures are followed. Within the recent Future Directions for BICP survey a number of requests were evident to assist SMEs, which included specialist advice, robust online resource, further case studies demonstrating return of investment. The second sub theme of “BIM Capability” evolved as a result of a legitimate concern within the industry that SMEs do not have the capability to produce high quality BIM models “Supply chain have not got the ability and it's getting worse by the month” (Client Survey Summary Report). The Regional Consultation Workshop report highlighted that the smaller Clients and companies at best have a limited awareness and are afraid of the change associated with BIM. Clients are finding that the bigger contractors have the capability to deliver BIM Level 2 but the SMEs are struggling. This has resulted in the Client, as evidenced through the BICP Trinity Business School case study providing additional resources in the form of a full-time BIM Engineer who is based on site to ensure that BIM processes and technologies were adequately applied. This would align with the finding of the Macro Maturity Study where it was discovered that BIM promotion and implementation is been led from the large organisations. SMEs also have strong concerns with regards the “Financial Concerns” associated with shifting to a digital workflow. Some of the responses from the 2017 Digital Transition Survey
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show that SME are still not sold on the fact that smaller projects and companies may not have the money to use BIM. This has seen a strong request for additional funding streams with only 25% of organisations, as evident from Engagement with the Industry Report attaining funding through the Enterprise Ireland BIM implement and Enable schemes. “SMEs cannot afford to be held to ransom and if BIM processes and procedures are to be the "norm", there needs to be strict regulation with regards the cost of software and upgrades to software”. (Future Directions of Irelands BICP). The NBC Education and Training workshop also established that funding needs to be made available domestically to support SME adoption of Irish BIM standards. Funding should provide implementation guidance, similar to UK soft landings, which will help organisations with mapping of ISO standards and work practices to those required under Irish to level 2 BIM requirements. The final sub theme of “ Implementing BIM” while similar to “BIM Capability” focused not only on the industry but the actual SMEs concerns of successfully adopting BIM process. As a result of the 2017 Digital Transition Survey it was found that implementing BIM within SMEs is the second greatest concern for the industry. Figure 9 provides an illustration of the key findings.
Figure 9: Theme SME key findings.
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5.4
Theme 3: Public Sector
The “PUBLIC SECTOR” theme evolved through the thematic analysis into the four fundamental sub themes of “Government Assistance”, “Mandate request”, “Standards and Contracts” and “Training”. Table 7 provides a detail of the sources and citations coded. Theme Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 Theme 4
Sources Coded 14 12 10 10
Government Assistance BIM Maturity Standards and Contracts Training
Citations Coded 25 26 17 14
Table 7: Breakdown of the Public Sector Themes outputted from the Thematic Analysis
Sub Theme 1: Government Assistance The application of Nvivo resulted in the production of two key nodes that were best used to describe the most important sections of the data. The themes from the first key node titled “Government Assistance” are outlined in table 8. Theme 3: Government Assistance
Sources Coded 5 8
Barriers Government Support
Citations Coded 12 13
Table 8: Government Assistance.
A significant aspect of the BICP was working to establish the maturity of BIM within the public sector. As a result of this the “Barriers” theme developed which highlighted a lack of leadership from the Government. This was most evident through the Macro Maturity Study which showed Ireland ranked poorly when it came to regulatory frameworks; standardised parts and deliverables; measurement and benchmarks. The study also highlighted that policy makers in Ireland are largely passive. Other concerns recorded included a lack of skilled staff , limited resources and restrictive cloud services within key departments “Some of the barriers that Fingal CoCo now face include low staff numbers and the need for more trained BIM professionals. There is also a need to advance their IT cloud systems if sharing of data outside of Fingal County Council is required” (Fingal County Council). “We are under-staffed and under-resourced, so we have to go out to consultants a lot. To procure a consultant is every bit as tedious” (Office of Public Works).
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The announcement from the Government with regards to their four year phased BIM requirement within the public sector will greatly assist in targeting policy concerns. However, the “Government Support” sub theme has demonstrated that if this requirement is to be successful then adequate resource must be provided. The Global BIM Study found that funding is a key pillar for any successful roadmap. The 2017 Digital Transition Survey highlighted that support from government is required for training of staff and in developing guidelines. The Managing Complex Change survey also established that Government must provide funding and adequate resources, as well as the allocation of admin staff. A key request within the data was to change or improve the current data management systems to incorporate BIM data. “To accelerate adoption within South Dublin CoCo there needs to be clear guidance provided from the public sector. Further to this the correct training and milestones need to be provided to ensure a successful policy” ( South Dublin County Council).
Sub Theme 2: BIM Maturity The analysis of the software resulted in the production of two key nodes. The themes from the sub theme titled “BIM Maturity” are outlined in table 9. Theme 3: BIM Maturity
Sources Coded 9 7
BIM Maturity in the Public Sector International Partners
Citations Coded 17 9
Table 9: Mandate Request
Despite the previous node focusing on some of the concerns within the public sector the “BIM Maturity” in the Public Sector node established that despite a mandate the public sector has self-regulated with respect to requesting BIM. The BIM in Ireland 2017 Report provided evidence of government publications which have in part supported BIM adoption in Ireland in recent years i.e. Action Plan for Jobs 2017, GCCC positional paper, etc. The report also highlighted a number of key government agencies that are now actively promoting and using BIM i.e. National Development Financial Agency (NDFA), Grangegorman Development Agency (GDA), Health Service Executive, OPW, Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII), Dublin Airport Authority, Dublin City Architects, Fingal County Council, South Dublin County Council, etc. Other examples found through the analysis include the M8/M73/M74 Motorway Improvements, Goethe Institute, Galway City Transport Scheme and ESB International.
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While as discussed an Irish BIM mandate has been issued, there was a request within the data to look for “International Partners” to learn from in order to advance our practices. While the UK mandate has been voiced as an obvious template, other mandates such as Scotland and Canada have also become popular choices. “A similar approach that could be adopted is that of the Scottish Government who are piloting a project in each of the main public sectors i.e. health, education, infrastructure, utilities, etc” ( Regional Consultation Workshop). The Future Directions of BICP survey also found that 93% of respondents would be in favour of CitA developing alliances with other International BIM promotional teams in assisting with a potential phase 2 of the programme.
Sub Theme 3: Standards and Contracts The analysis of the software resulted in the production of two key nodes. The themes from the sub theme titled “Standards and Contracts” are outlined in table 10. Theme 3: Standards and Contracts
Sources Coded 8 2
Public Works Contracts Adopt Agreed Standards
Citations Coded 10 7
Table 10: Standards and Contracts
The thematic analysis within the “Public Sector” theme has established that despite a number of barriers that BIM is been requested by pubic sector bodies. A key sub theme that has developed is the need to further evaluate the Irish “Public Works Contracts”. The Global BIM Study established that a review of a jurisdictions contractual framework is paramount for the successful role out of BIM. The 2017 Digital Transition Survey found that high-ranking enablers to assist with advancing BIM, include both funding from the Irish Government and a review of the current suite of GCCC contracts and the establishment of national guidelines. The legal representative within the Central Consultation Workshop stated that the contract should not be used as an impediment. Other attendees noted that BIM is only been vaguely referenced in the contract which has resulted in requests for further clarifications before an accepted understanding is reached. Requests within the Future Directions of BICP Survey asked that Public Contracts specify a minimum delivery or way of working to eliminate waste caused by failure of industry to coordinate its designs and output. The response to the GCCC
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positional paper highlighted a number of concerns which included “Clarity in legal position needs to be more forthcoming” and “Procurement of BIM needs to protect the client and provide long term benefits”. There is also a requirement as established through the “Adopt agreed standards” node that the Government establish an agreed standard to be adopted by the industry. A call throughout the data for Government bodies to develop clear standardised employer requirements and the dissemination of national guidelines to create and implement a collaborative environment that will foster the use of BIM. Sub Theme 4: Training The analysis of the software resulted in the production of three key nodes. The themes from the sub theme titled “Training” are outlined in table 11. Theme 3: Training
Sources Coded 6 4 3
National Training Programme BIM Competent Staff Staffing Concerns
Citations Coded 7 4 3
Table 11: Standards and Contracts
The “Government Assistance” sub theme discussed elements of concern with regards to the training and staffing of existing workers. This theme developed as a result of this topic becoming prevalent within the results. The Global BIM Study established the need for a “National Training Programme” for both governmental and industry groups. The Managing Change survey illustrates a request for BIM training and support for staff to build BIM awareness and capability across the team. This will ensure processes are adjusted or improved to support the BIM strategy for each department. This survey also established that Local Authorities will require software training for all technical staff and presentations to senior management on BIM across all departments. The “BIM Competent Staff” and “Staffing Concerns” node are a response from within the public sector that there is a drive required to not only upskill staff but also procure additional resources “The only action that the organisation has taken was to have a BIM information seminar for managers. There was no further action taken by the organisation as BIM is not a CWMF requirement. All of the upgrades and training have been driven and organised by some
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dedicated staff that can see the potential the BIM has in delivering quality projects on time and on budget” (Managing Complex Change). Figure 10 provides an illustration of the key findings.
Figure 10: Theme Public Sector key findings. 5.5
Theme 4: Standards
The “STANDARDS” theme evolved through the thematic analysis into the five fundamental sub themes of “PAS 1192”, “BIM Certification”, “Agreed Standards”, “Development of Guidelines” and “Simple Documents”. Table 11 provides a detail of the sources and citations code.
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Theme Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 Theme 4 Theme 5
PAS 1192 BIM Certification Agreed Standards Development of Guidelines Simple Documents
Sources Coded 20 7 7 6 4
Citations Coded 26 10 8 7 9
Table 11: Breakdown of the Standards Themes outputted from the Thematic Analysis
Throughout the course of the data analysis standards has developed as a key theme. The sub theme of “PAS 1192” represents what would appear to be the most commonly agreed adoption of standards within the industry at present. Both the 2017 Digital Transition and Engagement with the Industry surveys found that PAS 1192 was the most used standard within the industry. A number of BICP case studies such as School Bundles 4, Grangegorman, Goethe-Institute, MISA, Clinical Education and Research Centre, Central Bank of Ireland, Chiswick Community School, Sisk’s Multinational Datacenter Campus, Mylan Dublin Respiratory Project, Cherrywood and Trinity Business School represent projects that have adopted PAS 1192. The PAS suite of documents were strongly endorsed throughout both Consultation Workshops as the most suitable standards due to their impeding ISO accreditation. Further to this as referenced within the BIM in Ireland 2017 Report the RIAI Council resolved to adopt PAS1192-2 as policy, and promoted the adoption of PAS1192-2 in their role on the CIC Liaison Committee. The NSAI BIM standards committee also continue to monitor and provide input to the CEN442 standard groups and advise authorities as appropriate on PAS 1192. A consistent call for “BIM Certification” was also present within the analysis of the data. The Engagement with the Industry Report found that only one fifth of the respondents reported that their company had attained BIM Level 2 certification. The most popular certification bodies chosen included BSI, BRE and Lloyds. The Central Consultation Workshop voiced their recognition of BIM competency through accreditation, as it provides the Client with more confidence. Accreditation will also mean consistent yearly checks by the awarding authority, therefore, adding more transparency for potential clients. A number of case studies have also established that some of the large contractors have procured Level 2 accreditation i.e. JJ Rhaitgan, Sisk, BAM, RPS, etc. One of the proposed outputs from the NBC Education and Workshop was the need to agree a certification process. A number of respondents within the Future Directions of the BICP survey also voiced their support for a certification programme.
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"Encouraging organisations onto a certification path will make a genuine difference. Organisations will get far more out of training, guidance notes, information portals and specialist advice if they understand the actual business benefits of an actual Level 2 BIM Digitisation Programme” (Future Directions of the BICP ) The “Agreed Standards” sub theme simply evolved as a recognition for the call of standards though not specifically PAS 1192. There is a need for the adoption of consistent and agreed standards and procedures. “The workshop attendees agreed that consistent national guidelines were a necessity for any successful BIM project”. (Regional Consultation Workshop). In tandem with the establishment of agreed standards there is call for the “Development of Guidelines”. The Global BIM Study established that Ireland must review international BIM Manuals and Guidelines with the intention of developing its own guidelines to create and implement a collaborative environment that will promote the use of good BIM practice on Irish engineering and construction projects. The need for guidelines is also evident within the 2017 Digital Transition Survey which established the requirement for the
development and
dissemination of national guidelines to create and implement a collaborative environment that will foster the use of BIM. The Central Consultation Workshop found that a discipline specific sector working group could produce their own national BIM guidelines i.e. architectural, engineering, construction, etc. but with reference to appropriate international standards. This would enable an understanding from each profession of their roles and responsibilities. If guidelines are to be drafted. If BIM competency was to be certified in Ireland it was recommended that the NSAI should be the accreditation bodies responsible. “Guidance notes are very useful starting point for any client organisation researching BIM with training as the next natural step”. (Future Directions of Irelands BICP Report). The final sub theme of “Simple Documents” was established as a result of the request to produce simple documents. “Keep it simple. Most Irish firms are small to mid-sized. Fifty page technical documents about standard protocols, COBie or PAS 1192 are only realistically implementable by larger companies with specialist BIM coordinators or similar” (Engagement with the Industry Report).
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Responses to the GCCC paper also asked for easy practical guides for BIM implementation and guidance that is relevant to the scale, complexity and finances of the organisation. The Future Directions of Irelands BICP report also recorded a number of requests for the team to focus on the production of simple documents. “Short documents explaining in lay person language what is BIM, what are the benefits of BIM and what are BIM minimum requirements and standards. Many of the current documents are overly complicated and don’t need to be”. (Future Directions of Irelands BICP). Figure 11 provides an illustration of the key findings.
Figure 11: Theme Standards key findings.
5. 6
Theme 5: Training and Education
The “TRAINING AND EDUCATION” theme evolved through the thematic analysis into the three fundamental sub themes of “BIM process Training”, “HEI”, and “Training Events and Material”. Table 12 provides a detail of the sources and citations code.
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Theme Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3
BIM Process training Higher Education Institutes Training Events and Material
Sources Coded 26 18 10
Citations Coded 92 42 47
Table 12: Breakdown of the Training and Education Themes outputted from the Thematic Analysis
Sub Theme 1: BIM Process training The application of Nvivo resulted in the production of six key nodes that were best used to describe the most important sections of the data. The themes from the first key node titled “BIM Process Training” are outlined in table 13. Theme 5: BIM Process Training In House Training Software Training Training Upper Management External Training to assist with BIM Process Training Requirements Lack of BIM Skills
Sources Coded 12 11 10 10 8 4
Citations Coded 18 15 15 12 23 5
Table 13: BIM process Training.
The “BIM Process Training” sub theme developed through the analysis as a result of the BICP collating information from the industry on their training requirements. The “In House Training” node established that a number of organisations have now established training protocols in house to upskill their staff. Some of the organisations from the BICP case studies have set up internal work groups to assist with training requirements. Others have developed internal Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programmes and have commissioned internal training around BIM processes and methodologies. These CPD programmes are reviewed post project with lessons learnt incorporated into refining existing BIM workflows. While the importance of BIM process training was established earlier within the thematic analysis there is a significant call for “Software Training”. This is still seen as the fundamental requirement, with a number of case studies i.e. Bank of Ireland, Mylan Dublin Respiratory Project Phase 2, Cherrywood, Engineering Documentation all citing specific software training requirements. “It is important not to underestimate the training issues with the various software platforms that need to be adopted”. (GCCC Paper Response Report).
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This is an area as previously established with the SME theme and is again highlighted within the Future Directions of the BICP Survey. “SME's are mostly affected by cost in buying Revit licences rather than using perpetual licences of AutoCAD. It's hard for some companies to justify the learning curve and extra expenses when they realistically won't be required to produce information requirements for small works”. (Future Directions of the BICP Report). Within the Managing Complex Change survey all 6 of the different stakeholders stated that software training was a fundamental requirement to achieve their organisations skills or resources goals. The “Training Upper Management” node was established as result of tailored training to assist with educating senior organisational members. In order for BIM to be successful it is paramount that there is buy in at senior level. The Managing Complex Change Matrix established as a result of the survey response has the training of upper management as a key ingredient in ensuring an organisations BIM vision is achieved. The NBC Education and Training Workshop agreed that a key output within the proposed roadmap should be the coaching and mentoring for staff and development of BIM awareness and promotion programme for key personnel and broader industry. A number of case studies such as the Wolfson Building and M8/M73/M74 Motorway Improvements discussed examples of tailored training programmes for upper management. The “External Training to assist with BIM Process” node represents a similar sub theme of “Hire External Consultant” from the “CLIENT” Theme. This node was recorded across a number of sources including the 2017 Digital Transition Survey, Engagement with the Industry Survey and BICP Case Studies that organisations are hiring external training agencies to train their staff. While this cost can be absorbed by the larger organisations it could be detrimental for SMEs. The “Training Requirement” node evolved as a result of a number of organisations and professionals requesting specific training. The Managing Complex Change Matrix established that the key training required for designers to achieve their organisations aim included the development of a training plan tailored to suit project workflows. The contractors within the same matrix stated that there is a requirement for the evaluation and deployment for training of both software and BIM related processes. Some of the respondents to the GCCC positional paper requested the remuneration of BIM capable staff, grants for hardware and training of BICP Work Package 3 Analysis
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staff. Some of the training requests noted within the Future Directions of BICP survey include a number of request for the upskilling of IT staff with BIM knowledge and tools. The “Lack of BIM Skills” node aligns with the findings of the “PUBLIC SECTOR” theme in that there is a concern that there is not a high level off skilled workforce. “Relative inexperience of BIM at management and project management level, leading to failure to clearly define the scope of our BIM delivery both internally and to our Clients. Also poorly thought out procurement strategies have led to sub-optimal adoption of BIM in the construction phase of projects”. (GCCC Response Report). The GCCC Response report also established that one of the main obstacles the industry is faceing is a knowledge deficiency of BIM, staff training and implementation costs The recent Future Directions of the BICP survey also seen a call for “Specialist Advice”, to help with the drafting of a BIM strategy.
Sub Theme 2: Higher Education Institutes The analysis of the second sub theme of “Higher Education Institutes” resulted in the production of four key nodes. The themes from are outlined in table 14. Theme 5: Higher Education Institutes
Barriers HEI BIM Maturity HEI Case Studies Future Directions
Sources Coded
Citations Coded
8 5 4 2
9 10 5 7
Table 14: Higher Education Institutes
A significant aspect of work package 2 within the BICP was the HEI study which undertook a systematic review of third level BIM programmes and BIM training currently on offer in Ireland. The “Barriers” node represents some of the recorded concerns that was found across this data. A number of HEIs, as seen from the BICP Consultation process i.e. Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), Cork Institute of Technology (CIT) and Institute of Technology Sligo (ITS) all cite staff concerns as their primary barrier. This includes not only the need to hire new BIM capable staff but the upskilling of exiting staff members who are not convinced that BIM is a necessary addition to the curriculum. Other barriers include the low threshold entry as a
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result of the recession which has resulted in a low level calibre of student. Hardware is also an issue as some of the programmes using BIM technologies need high CPU. “HEIs need money for hardware. BIM tools are processor intensive and slow machines are hampering learning” (Assessing the Current Position and Associated Challenges of BIM Education in Irish HEIs Report). Despite some of these barriers “HEI BIM Maturity” is advanced as seen from the Macro Maturity Study were Ireland ranked highly when it came to Learning and Education. The results also show that the educational institutes had a much higher BIM diffusion compared to policy makers. The Assessing the Current Position and Associated Challenges of BIM Education in Irish HEIs survey undertaken by the BAFI also show that 5 out of the 13 institutes have been teaching BIM between 1-3 years, with a further 3 institutes teaching BIM between 6-10 years and 3 institutes stating they have taught BIM for over 10 years. The BIM in Ireland 2017 Report also illustrated that all of the HEIs have responded rapidly to a demand by industry for BIM related education and training programmes despite the absence of a national BIM mandate. The “HEI BIM Case Study” node represents how industry and HEI’s are partnering through case studies or alliances. Examples of HEIs using case studies on their curriculum include DIT and Grangegorman, University College of Dublin (UCD) and Boland Mills, Waterford Institute of Technology (WIT) and Plunket Railway Station. Galway Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT) have also partnered with Rattigans in developing an industry focused Higher Diploma in BIM. The “Future Directions” node represents some of the key data recorded from the NBC Education and Training Workshops. A number of items were already established under the “Barrier” node but the following suggestions expanded on this. There is a need for existing programmes to address both training at undergraduate level and re-training/upskilling for those already in workforce. Each HEI institute needs to have an understanding of the future needs of the industry with regards to BIM in order to structure their training programmes. This will assist with the development of common learning outcomes i.e. a base level for everyone in the sector. This workshop also stressed the importance of extending any training and education vison back into secondary level. Further encouragement must also be provided in promoting BIM as a collaborative technology for professional education and vocational training in the tertiary sector.
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Sub Theme 3: Training Events and Materials The analysis of the third sub theme of “Training Events and Materials” resulted in the production of five key nodes. The nodes are outlined in table 15. Theme 5: Training Events and Materials
Events Case Studies Working Groups Online Reports
Sources Coded
Citations Coded
6 4 4 2 1
15 7 6 16 3
Table 15: Training Events and Materials
The “Training Events and Materials” sub theme represents the data recorded that evolved with respect to requested training resources. In effect this has been partially accomplished through previous nodes such as “Education of Clients” sub them within the “CLIENTS” theme, “Training” sub theme within the “PUBLIC SECTOR” theme and “Training and Resource” sub theme within the “SME” theme. While each of the above detailed sub themes investigated specific training to that sector the following themes will look at a more generic offering to the industry. The “Events” node is a response from industry for more workshops. Both Consultation Workshops acknowledge the importance of workshops in providing a base level of education for clients. Senior public sector organisations are also using CitA workshops as the benchmark in providing and promoting BIM awareness. “The BIM awareness training is provided by blending attendance at CITA briefings and inhouse talks developed by external BIM specialists” (NDFA). The Future Directions of the BICP survey also found that workshops are essential for networking and education, as well as seeing first-hand the increased requirement for BIM on Irish construction and engineering project. Events and working group were also seen as helpful in promoting and identifying a wider network. “CITA breakfasts are good for colleagues to grasp BIM and to network. Work colleagues realise the benefits of BIM, but are unsure of some aspects of Level 2 BIM like for example COBie. Some of the general theory is understood but case studies or breakfast mornings with the more”( Future Directions of the BICP Report). BICP Work Package 3 Analysis
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The GCCC Response Report demonstrated an ongoing request for “Case Studies” with a focus required on Return of Investment (ROI). The request for more case studies was also evident within the recent Future Directions of the BICP Report. A number of respondents called for case studies focusing on BIM from different perspectives of the team and the benefits for each one. More case studies focusing on smaller design firms and practical examples of the implementation of BIM information management processes and tools were suggested. The call for continuance and establishment of additional “Working Groups” was evident in the data. The BIM in Ireland 2017 Report highlighted the significant number of working groups in Ireland i.e. RIAI BIM Committee, BAFI, SCSI BIM Working Group, etc and the strong work being performed. Whilst this represents a very active BIM community in Ireland, there still remains a disconnect between particular community associations which has led to a lack of consistency in how BIM has been strategically adopted. With regards to new working groups the NBC Education and Training Workshop called for a Taskforce to work towards the production of a generic framework of materials which can be used as an outreach tool for a range of secondary teachers. The workshop proposed that a proposal needs to be drafted which will see BIM integrated into undergraduate programmes as an integral part of learning outcomes rather than attaching BIM as something separate. The Future Directions of the BICP Report also highlighted the continued requirement for working groups, who are key to understanding the industries maturity and helping to set the future direction. The Future Directions of the BICP survey responses also promoted the need for an “Online Resource” and “Reports”. A number of respondents stated that Online training tools are very important and can help independent organisations on their BIM journey. The Scottish Future Trust website has been promoted as an exemplar website to follow. Such a resource is seen as a key tool in assisting SMEs. “An online toolkit with standardised parts would help SMEs implement BIM as they simply do not have the resources to create the component libraries for themselves” (Future Directions of the BICP Report). The Future Directions of the BICP survey also established the continued requirement for publications in the vein of the Global BIM and BIM in Ireland Reports 2017 “Hard facts of the global BIM mandates encourages the Irish public sector to listen and commit to the paradigm shift” (Future Directions of the BICP Report).
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Figure 12 provides an illustration of the key findings.
Figure 12: Theme Training and Education key findings.
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6.
SUMMARY
The primary results from the thematic analysis are summarised below: •
The Client theme ultimately found that clients are struggling to understand the actual benefits of BIM. The most recorded and established benefits for BIM are to be found in the operational stage however clients are primarily focused only on the visual benefits and cannot see how this transcends to the operational stage. Further to this they are failing to fully grasp what is involved in achieving a Level 2 process and are requiring external consultants to assist them. There is a need to educate clients with a particular focus on shifting their mindset. Despite these concerns there is still evidence of a Client led demand for BIM, who are operating within a sector lacking BIM capability.
•
The SME theme found that SMEs in order to advance their understanding of BIM need structured access to training and resources. The primary training for SMEs is coming from the larger organisations who are providing additional resources in the form of workshops and full-time BIM Engineers based on site. There is a fear within the industry that SMEs do not have the capability to work within a BIM process. This is also voiced by the SMEs themselves who have reservations primarily with the financial impact and lack of access to funding.
•
The Public Sector theme established, despite a high level usage of BIM that at present there is a lack of leadership from the Government. This barrier is further strengthened by a lack of skilled staff, limited resources and restrictive cloud services. It is hoped that the announcement from the Government with regards to their four year phased BIM requirement will greatly assist in targeting these barriers. To achieve this the Government must provide funding and adequate resources. There is also a call for further clarity in a number of legal positions and the establishment of an agreed standard to be adopted by the industry. To help with this the Government should explore the possibility of mirroring other mandates to help in advancing our current practices i.e. UK, Scotland and Canada. There is also a need for a National Training programme that will provide BIM training and support for existing staff to build BIM awareness and capability across the team.
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•
The Standards theme highlighted that at present the industry would like to see a standardised approach agreed, with PAS 1192 representing what would appear to be the most commonly agreed adoption of standards within the industry at present. There is a consistent call for a BIM Certification programme that will assist in promoting BIM competency. In tandem with the establishment of agreed standards there is call for the development and dissemination of national guidelines to create and implement a collaborative environment that will foster the use of BIM. These guidelines should be simple documents explaining in easy understood terminology the methodology of BIM for a particular profession.
•
The Training and Education theme established that a number of organisations have now adapted to provide In House Training. Despite this the outsourcing of training still represents a significant market within the sector. These trainings are strongly focused on software but the more senior organisations have courses which provide a focus on BIM workflows, with a focus on promoting understanding and awareness amongst senior management. This is seen as essential to ensure the successful buy in of upper management. Despite these programmes there is still evidence of a lack of BIM capable professionals within the industry. A call for assistance, through funding, in helping to with regards to the upskilling of IT Staff with BIM knowledge and tools was evident.
•
The primary barriers for HEIs include staffing concerns and Hardware issues. Despite some of these barriers HEI BIM maturity is advanced, as seen through the significant number of BIM related education and training programmes now available. A number of these course are partnering with industry through case studies or alliances. Moving forward existing programmes need to address both training at undergraduate level and re-training/upskilling for those already in workforce. A set of common learning Outcomes will also need to be established. Further encouragement must also be provided in promoting BIM as a collaborative technology and process within the secondary and vocational training sector.
•
Industry wide training requests include more workshops, which will be helpful in promoting and identifying a wider network. There is still a need for case studies with a focus on ROI, smaller design firms and practical examples of the implementation of BIM information management processes and tools. The continuance and establishment of additional Working Groups which will be key to understanding where the industry are and helping to set the future direction. The establishment of an online resources
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with access to training tools, as well as more reports such as the Global BIM Study and BIM in Ireland 2017 Report. The BICP team are currently working on an extension proposal for 2018 and 2019. This proposal will be designed to principally support and align with the NBC roadmap to be published in early December 2017. Every consideration will be given to incorporate the results of the thematic analysis to ensure that phase 2 represents the learnings from the last two years.
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