European bicycle industry & market profile 2015 by conebi

EUROPEAN BICYCLE MARKET 2015 edition

Industry & Market Profile (2014 statistics)

CONTENTS FOREWORD BACKGROUND THE EUROPEAN BICYCLE INDUSTRY THE CONEBI MEMBERS

4 5 6 8

EUROPEAN BICYCLE PRODUCTION EUROPEAN BICYCLE PRODUCTION (EU 28) IN UNITS - 2000-2013 2014 EU28 BICYCLE PRODUCTION – COUNTRY SHARE 2014 EU28 BICYCLE PRODUCTION – COUNTRY RANKING

10 11 12 13

EUROPEAN BICYCLE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION 2014 EU28 BICYCLE PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION – COUNTRY SHARE 2014 EU28 BICYCLE PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION – COUNTRY RANKING

14 15 16

EUROPEAN BICYCLE SALES EUROPEAN BICYCLE SALES (EU 28) IN UNITS – 2000-2014 2014 EU28 BICYCLE SALES – COUNTRY SHARE 2014 EU28 SALES – COUNTRY RANKING 2014 AVERAGE PRICE (€) PER COUNTRY (EU 28) EUROPEAN EPAC SALES (EU 28) IN UNITS – 2009-2014 2014 EU28 EPAC SALES – COUNTRY SHARE 2014 EU28 EPAC SALES – COUNTRY RANKING

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT 2014 EMPLOYMENT IN THE EUROPEAN BICYCLE AND BICYCLE PARTS & ACCESSORIES INDUSTRIES (EU28) 2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT (EU 28) 2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES

25 26 27 28

FRANCE/GERMANY/GREAT BRITAIN/ ITALY/THE NETHERLANDS/BULGARIA/SPAIN INDUSTRY & MARKET PROFILE

29

FRANCE BICYCLE MARKET REPORT FRANCE - BICYCLE PRODUCTION FRANCE – BICYCLE SALES (UNITS) FRANCE – BICYCLE SALES (€) FRANCE - PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION FRANCE - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT

30 31 32 33 34 35 36

GERMANY BICYCLE MARKET REPORT GERMANY - BICYCLE PRODUCTION GERMANY - BICYCLE SALES (UNITS) GERMANY - BICYCLE SALES (€) GERMANY - PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION GERMANY - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT

37 38 39 40 41 42 43

GREAT BRITAIN BICYCLE MARKET REPORT GREAT BRITAIN - BICYCLE PRODUCTION GREAT BRITAIN - BICYCLE SALES (UNITS) GREAT BRITAIN - BICYCLE SALES (€) GREAT BRITAIN - PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION GREAT BRITAIN - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT

44 45 46 47 48 49 50

ITALY ITALY - BICYCLE PRODUCTION ITALY - BICYCLE SALES (UNITS) ITALY - BICYCLE SALES (€) ITALY - PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION ITALY - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT

51 55 56 57 58 58

The NETHERLANDS BICYCLE MARKET REPORT THE NETHERLANDS - BICYCLE PRODUCTION THE NETHERLANDS - BICYCLE SALES (UNITS) THE NETHERLANDS - BICYCLE SALES (€) THE NETHERLANDS - PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION THE NETHERLANDS - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT

60 61 62 63 64 65 66

BULGARIA BULGARIA - BICYCLE PRODUCTION BULGARIA - BICYCLE SALES (UNITS) BULGARIA - BICYCLE SALES (€) BULGARIA - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT

67 68 69 70 71

SPAIN BICYCLE MARKET REPORT SPAIN - BICYCLE PRODUCTION SPAIN - BICYCLE SALES (UNITS) SPAIN - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT

72 73 74 75 76

FOREWORD This document is the sixth edition of the European Bicycle Industry & Market Profile (BIMP), an economic study carried out by the Confederation of the European Bicycle Industry CONEBI (former Colibi-Coliped).

The document is based on figures provided by our member associations and data kindly put at our disposal by non-member countries.

It gives an overview of the European bicycle industry’s activities (production and employment), relevant market data (sales) and highlights the economic bicycle activity in the member countries.

We wish to extend our sincere thanks to our member associations and the European bicycle manufacturers’ associations EBMA for their valuable and much appreciated contribution in the compilation of this work.

Copyright 2014 CONEBI The information contained in this document may only be reproduced with explicit mention of: Source: CONEBI – Confederation of the European Bicycle Industry

CONEBI Boulevard de la Woluwe 46 b16 B – 1200 Brussels Belgium Tel.: +32 – (0)2 304 48 87 Fax: +32 – (0)2 762 81 71 E-mail: manuel.marsilio@conebi.eu greet.engelen@conebi.eu Web: www.conebi.eu

BACKGROUND

CONEBI is the Confederation of the European Bicycle Industry. Its members are the national Bicycle Industry Associations in 14 different countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Great Britain, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden and Turkey.

CONEBI combines the efforts that have been efficiently put by COLIPED and COLIBI all over the past decades in order to have maximum strength in representing its members’ interests at European level: the new association will keep on maintaining regular contacts with European policy makers and Authorities, as well as with other associations that pursue common objectives, the European standardization body CEN, Industry and mobility experts, and the international press.

CONEBI’s aim is the growth of the Bicycle, EPAC and P&A Industries and of the Cycling Culture in Europe.

CONEBI advocates for: - the appointment of a European Bicycle Officer within the European Commission; - fair trade and the fight against unfair practices in view of safeguarding the European bicycle industry; - the application of a reduced VAT rate on all bicycle products and services; - a better recognition of the (potential of the) bicycle and cycling in European policies and the development of a bicycle (cycling) strategy by European policy makers; - the introduction at European level of reliable and comparable statistics related to cycle infrastructure and use, costs & benefits of cycling, traffic accidents, etc.; - a better and easier access to European funding and financial means; - the introduction in the allocation of European funding of effective criteria that serve sustainability; - an increased cycle usage throughout the EU and beyond; CONEBI fully supports the European (EN) safety standards for bicycles and has a Liaison status within CEN TC 333 ‘Cycles’. It also takes part officially in the consultations of the Working Group on Motorcycles organized by the European Commission – DG Growth.

The activities promoted by the Confederation of the European Bicycle Industry go also beyond the European borders: for the past 23 years the joint European COLIPED booth (since this year CONEBI booth) has brought the leading representatives of the European Bicycle Industry to the Taipei Cycle Show (Taiwan).

For more information please visit the new CONEBI website at www.conebi.eu

THE EUROPEAN BICYCLE INDUSTRY 20.000.000 bicycles and EPACs are sold annually across Europe, out of which 12.000.000 are produced in EU: the European Bicycle Industry generates directly and indirectly more than 70.000 jobs in the Union market over 600 SMEs. On average, European citizens own more bicycles than any other means of transport.

Via their national associations, all major players on the European bicycle market are represented within CONEBI. The bicycle is: - the most environmentally friendly, energy efficient and sustainable means of mobility; - the cheapest means of mobility (no ownership- motorway or registration taxes, no insurances, no driving license or parking costs and no high service maintenance costs); - the most healthy and social means of mobility; - the most time-saving and silent mode in urban areas; - the most accessible mode of transport; - simply the best mobility mode in urban areas.

E-Mobility The e-mobility revolution in the next 10 years should be a "bottom-up" process, focusing first on EPACs (Electric Power-Assisted Cycles) which already developed well in the past decade. Next should be the more powerful two-wheelers such as e-bikes, e-mopeds and e-scooters and only much later (10 to 20 years from now) attention should go to electric cars.

In fact, the technology of aluminum alloys and carbon composites, as well as the ever lighter and more powerful batteries that we have been developing in the EPAC industry in the last decade, will undeniably be a source of inspiration for the e-moped and even for the e-cars industry.

Contribution to the European Union’s ambitious goals The EU bicycle & EPAC industry have a very important role to play, not only in Europe’s ambition to seriously cut C02 emissions, but also in policies such as public health, environment (energy efficiency, noise pollution, etc.), transport, and many more. Being the largest employer in Europe in the Green Industries, we will do our utmost to continuously stress this role.

“CONEBI represents the European bicycle Industry. As I stated in the previous reports,

the EU bicycle industry is characterized by its modern automation, its use of high-tech materials such as carbon fibers, special alloys and very light metals. Without any doubt, the high quality of the EU produced bicycles stimulates cycle usage and enhances the whole cycling movement and Cycling Culture in Europe.

For our customers it is important that the production of mainly medium to high-end bicycles is realized near the European home market. Deliveries can then be more flexible as the produced series can be smaller and lead times can be shorter. Our bicycle industry is spread over the whole EU territory, with 600 small and medium-sized bicycle companies. Thanks to the regionalism of our ‘green’ industry, C02 emissions caused by the transport of the bicycles are reduced to almost zero!

Bicycles are also used for recreation at all ages. Whether it’s on the playground, in the mountains, or on the road, riding a bicycle is fun and keeps you fit.

The EU bicycle industry is seen as the best and most innovative in the world. By continuously striving to improve the quality of our products by R&D and by making further investments, this image can only be strengthened”.

René Takens – CONEBI President

“Over 70.000 people are directly working in the EU bicycle industry, one of the most environmentally-friendly industries of Europe and many more indirectly.

Biking is not only 100 percent CO2 free, but it is also an important factor for the health and recreation of the user. The role as an efficient transport vehicle especially in congested areas and cities become more and more important High quality and safety standards of European made bikes and bike components guarantee an unproblematic use without any hassle.

European Research and Development in the bike sector permanently create a lot of innovations and also working places. Due the production close to the user also the CO2 balance is very favorable, as the influence of congestions due to long transportation of imported parts is very limited.

Biking is healthy, biking is cool”

Erhard Büchel - CONEBI Vice President

THE COLIBI & COLIPED MEMBERS Austria FFÖ Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63 Postfach 337 A – 1045 Wien

Tel. +43 - 1 50 105 4805 Fax +43 - 1 50 105 289

E-mail: andreas.gaggl@wko.at Web: www.wko.at/fahrzeuge

Belgium AGORIA Diamant Building Bd A. Reyers 80 B – 1030 Brussels

Tel. +32 – (0)2 706 79 69 Fax +32 – (0)2 706 79 76

E-mail: jan.renneboog@agoria.be Web: www.agoria.be

Bulgaria ABPB jk Hipodruma, bl.120 Entr.V apt.74 BG – 1612 Sofia

Tel. +359 - 889-459-536

E-mail: geosof@mail.bg Web: www.abpb-bg.com

Tel. +49 - 6196-5077 0 Fax +49 - 6196-5077 20

E-mail: neuberger@ziv-zweirad.de Web: www.ziv-zweirad.de

Tel. +44-2476-55 38 38 Fax +44-2476-22 83 66

E-mail: office@ba-gb.com Web: www.ba-gb.com

Tel. +358-919 231 Fax +358 962 44 62

E-mail: heikki.karsimus@teknologiateollisuus.fi Web: http://new.teknologiateollisuus.fi/en/

France Univelo 3 rue Jules Guesde F – 92300 Levallois Perret

Tel. +33-1 47 31 56 25 Fax +33-1 47 31 56 32

E-mail: virgile.caillet@fifas.com Web: www.tousavelo.com

Hungary MKKSZ P/a Accell Hunland Kft. 5091 Tószeg HU - Parkoló tér 1.

Tel. +36 - 56 586 505 Fax +36 - 56 586 484

E-mail: Z.Steurer@accell-group.com Web: www.mkksz.org

Germany ZIV Königsteiner Strasse 20A D – 65812 Bad Soden/Ts.

Great Britain BAGB 3, The Quadrant GB – Coventry CV1 2DY

Finland Technology Industries of Finland Vehicle Manuf. Branch Group / Bicycle Manufacturers’ Section Etelaranta 10, POB 10 FIN – 00131 Helsinki

Italy ANCMA Via A. Da Recanate 1 I – 20124 Milan

Poland Polskie Stowarzyszenie Rowerowe Ul. Fabryczna 6 PL - 98-300 Wielun

The Netherlands RAI-Vereniging Postbus 74800 NL – 1070 DM Amsterdam

Spain AMBE C/ El Pla, 106 E – 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat Barcelona

Tel. +39 – 02 677 35 11 Fax +39 – 02 6698 20 72

E-mail: nigrelli@ancma.it Web: www.ancma.it

Tel. +48 – (0)43 843 42 93 Fax +48 – (0)43 843 42 93

E-mail: biuro@polskiestowarzyszenierowerowe.pl Web: www.polskiestowarzyszenierowerowe.pl

Tel. +31 - (0)20-504 49 49

E-mail: s.boedijn@raivereniging.nl Web: www.raivereniging.nl

Tel. +34 - 655 824 085

Sweden FoG Klara Norra Kyrkogata 31 / Box 22307 SE - 104 22 Stockholm

Tel. +46-8 508 938 21

Turkey BISED Organize Sanayi Bölgesi 3.kisim Ahmet Tütüncüoðlu Cad. - NO:1 TR - Manisa

Tel. +90-236-213 0045 Fax + 90-236-213 0050

E-mail: carlos@asociacionambe.es Web: www.asociacionambe.es

E-mail: joakim.stenberg@branschkansliet.se Web: www.fog-cykel.se

E-mail: Onder.Senkon@bianchi.com.tr

EUROPEAN BICYCLE PRODUCTION

EUROPEAN BICYCLE PRODUCTION (EU 28) (1,000 units) 2000 – 2014

16,000 14,531

14,000

13,009

12,828

13,232

13,218

13,320

13,086

13,246

12,272

12,178

12,241 11,758

12,000

11,939

11,537

11,360

2012

2013

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0 2000

2001

Year Bicycle Production (x 1,000) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2002

2000

2003

2001

2004

2005

2006

2007

2003

2004

2005

2002

2008

2006

2009

2007

2010

2008

2011

2009

2010

2011

2012

2014

2013

2014

14 531 13 009 12 272 12 828 13 232 13 218 13 320 13 086 13 246 12 178 12 241 11 758 11 537 11 360 11 939 -10,47

-5,67

Comments : Data including EPAC production

4,53

3,15

-0,11

0,77

-1,76

1,22

-8,06

0,52

-3,95

-1,88

-1,53

5,10

2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE PRODUCTION (EU 28) COUNTRY SHARE (1,000 units)

Czech Republic 3% Lithuania Hungary Spain 3% 3% 3% France 5%

Slovakia 2% Others 4% Italy 23%

Portugal 6%

Germany 18% Poland 8%

Bulgaria 8%

Romania 7%

EU 28

Comments : * : estimate Data including EPAC production

Latvia

11 939 -

Spain

Bi cycl e Producti2on 729 (x 1,000) 2 139 991 950 850* 820 720 630 370 356 333 323 210 138 108 99 83 52 34 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Country s hare %22,85 17,92 8,30 7,96 7,12 6,87 6,03 5,28 3,10 2,98 2,79 2,71 1,76 1,15 0,91 0,83 0,70 0,44 0,28 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

Country

Italy

Malta

Luxembourg

Ireland

Estonia

Denmark

Cyprus

Croatia

Slovenia

Finland

Great Britain

Sweden

Belgium

Greece

Austria

Slovakia

Lithuania

Czech Republic

Hungary

France

Portugal

Romania

Bulgaria

The Netherlands

Poland

Germany

The Netherlands 7%

2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE PRODUCTION (EU 28) COUNTRY RANKING (1,000 units)

3,000 2,729

2,500 2,139

2,000

1,500 991

950

1,000

850

820 720

630

500

370

356

333

323 210

138

108

99

83

52

34

5

Comments : * : estimate Data including EPAC production

11

12

13

14

15

Ireland

Latvia

Luxembourg

0

Estonia

5

Cyprus

Croatia

52 34

Denmark

Finland

Slovenia

EU 28

10

Austria

Malta

9

Slovakia

100

8

Lithuania

Great Britain

Czech Republic

11 939

18 19 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

7

Spain

0

17

6

Hungary

83

16

5

France

99

4

Portugal

950 850* 820 720 630 370 356 333 323 210 138 108

Romania

Sweden

3

Greece

2

The Netherlands

991

1

Bulgaria

2 729 2 139

Belgium

Ranki ng

Poland

Bi cycl e Producti on (x 1,000)

Italy

Country

Germany

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EUROPEAN BICYCLE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION

2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION (EU 28) COUNTRY SHARE (M€)

Slovakia 1%

Spain Bulgaria Great 1% 1% Britain Belgium 2% Finland 2% 2%Hungary The Poland 1% Netherlands 4% 5% Czech Republic 5%

0

Comments : VALUES EXCLUDING VAT

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 1 662

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

EU 28

Austria 0

1

Malta

Slovenia 9

1

Luxembourg

Slovakia 9

1

Lithuania

Bulgaria 9

1

Latvia

Spain 10

1

Ireland

Hungary 10

2

Greece

Finland 32

2

Estonia

Great Britain 34

2

7

Cyprus

Belgium 35

4

10

Denmark

Poland 58

5

13

Croatia

Czech Republic

85

5

17

France

85

30

Romania

491 286 220 170 120

Germany

The Netherlands

Country Sha re %

Germany 17%

Romania 13%

Portugal

P & A Producti on (M€)

Italy

Country

Italy 30%

Sweden

France 10%

Portugal 7%

Slovenia 1%

100

2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION (EU 28) COUNTRY RANKING (M€)

600

500

491

400

300

286 200 170

200

120 85

100

85

58

35

34

32

10

10

9

9

0

0

0

0

0

16

16

16

16

16

16

Comments : VALUES EXCLUDING VAT

EU 28

0

16

Sweden

0

16

Malta

0

16

Lithuania

0

16

Luxembourg

0

16

Latvia

0

16

Ireland

9

15

Greece

9

15

Estonia

9

12

Denmark

10

12

Cyprus

10

11

Croatia

Spain

32

10

Austria

Finland

Hungary

34

9

5

Slovenia

Great Britain

35

8

4

Bulgaria

Belgium

58

6

3

Slovakia

Poland

85

6

2

France

85

1

Romania

491 286 220 170 120

Italy

Czech Republic

Ranki ng

The Netherlands

P & A Producti on (M€)

Germany

Country

Portugal

0

0 1662 16

-

EUROPEAN BICYCLE SALES

EUROPEAN BICYCLE SALES (EU 28) (1,000 units) 2000 - 2014

25,000

20,206 20,322

20,000

21,344 20,912 21,033

20,206

18,945

20,461

20,039 19,719 19,780 20,234

2010

2011

19,582

17,745 17,840

15,000

10,000

5,000

0 2000

Year Bicycle Sales (x 1,000) Evolution (%)

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2012

2013

2014

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

18 945

17 745

17 840

20 206

20 322

20 912

21 033

21 344

20 206

19 582

20 461

20 039

19 719

19 780

20 234

-6,33

0,54

13,26

0,57

2,90

0,58

1,48

-5,33

-3,09

4,49

-2,06

-1,60

0,31

2,30

Comments : Sales = Sales to consumers including VAT ; Data including EPAC sales

2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE SALES (EU 28) (1,000 units)

Portugal Czech Slovenia 2% Republic 1% Austria 2% 2% Finland Romania Others Croatia 1% 2% 3% 2% Denmark 2% Belgium 3% Sweden 3% The Netherlands 5%

Germany 20% Great Britain 18%

Italy 8%

France 15%

Italy

Poland

Spain

The Netherlands

Sweden

Belgium

Denmark

Austria

Romania

Portugal

Croatia

Czech Republic

Finland

Slovenia

Greece

Ireland

Bulgaria

Estonia

Lithuania

Hungary

Latvia

Slovakia

Cyprus

Malta

Luxembourg

EU 28

Country s ha re (%)

France

Bi cycl e Sa l es (x 1,000)

Great Britain

Country

Germany

Spain 5% Poland 5%

4 100

3 630

2 978

1 696

1 094

1 089

1 051

584

567

470

401

370

340

333

333

300

240

199

91

82

62

50

44

40

38

33

11

10

20 234

20

18

15

8

5

5

5

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

-

Comments : Sales = Sales to consumers including VAT ; Data including EPAC sales

2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE SALES (EU 28) COUNTRY RANKING (1,000 units)

4,500 4,100

4,000

3,630

3,500 2,978

3,000 2,500 2,000

1,696

1,500

1,094 1,089

1,051

1,000 584 567

500

470 401 370 340 333 333 300 240 199

91

82

62

50

44

40

38

33

11

10

Italy

Poland

Spain

The Netherlands

Sweden

Belgium

Denmark

Austria

Romania

Portugal

Croatia

Czech Republic

Finland

Slovenia

Greece

Ireland

Bulgaria

Estonia

Lithuania

Hungary

Latvia

Slovakia

Cyprus

Malta

Luxembourg

EU 28

Ra nki ng

France

Bi cycl e Sa l es (x 1,000)

Great Britain

Country

Germany

0

4 100

3 630

2 978

1 696

1 094

1 089

1 051

584

567

470

401

370

340

333

333

300

240

199

91

82

62

50

44

40

38

33

11

10

20 234

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

14

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Comments : Sales = Sales to consumers including VAT ; Data including EPAC sales

-

2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE SALES (EU 28) AVERAGE PRICE/COUNTRY (€)

1,000 900

844

800 700 600

528 458 451 450 450 450

500

420 380

400

345

300

320 307 288 233

200

196 190 190 190

160 150

125 119 110 110 110 110 110 110

100

Ranki ng

Lithuania

Romania

Czech Republic

Great Britain

Luxembourg

Denmark

3

4

5

5

5

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Comments : Average prices include VAT ; Data including EPAC sales

16

16

19

20

21

22

23

23

23

23

Malta

Latvia

Cyprus

Croatia

Bulgaria

Portugal

Ireland

Hungary

Estonia

Slovakia

Greece

Italy

France

Finland

Poland

Belgium

EU 28

2

Spain

-

1

Austria

844 528 458 451 450 450 450 420 380 345 320 307 288 233 196 190 190 190 160 150 125 119 110 110 110 110 110 110

Sweden

Slovenia

Average pri ce (€)

Germany

Country

The Netherlands

0

23

23

-

EUROPEAN EPAC SALES (EU 28) (1,000 units) 2009 – 2014

1,139

1,200

907

1,000

854 716

800 588 600 422 279

400 173 98 200

0 2006

Year EPAC Sales (x 1,000) Evolution (%)

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

98

173

279

422

588

716

854

907

1 139

76,53

61,27

51,25

39,34

21,77

19,27

6,21

25,58

Comments : EPAC = Electric Power-Assisted Cycle

2014 EUROPEAN EPAC SALES (EU 28) (1,000 units)

Italy 4%

Sweden Finland Others Denmark 1% 1% 2% Spain 2% Great Britain 2% Austria 4% 4% Germany 42%

France 7% Belgium 11%

Italy

Austria

Great Britain

Denmark

Spain

Sweden

Finland

Poland

Luxembourg

Portugal

Greece

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Estonia

Hungary

Ireland

Latvia

Lithuania

Malta

Romania

Slovakia

480 223 130

78

51

50

50

20

18

18

15

4

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 1 139

7

4

4

4

2

2

2

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

42

20

11

Comments : EPAC = Electric Power-Assisted Cycle

EU 28

Slovenia

France

Country s ha re (%)

Belgium

EPAC Sa l es (x 1,000)

Germany

Country

The Netherlands

The Netherlands 20%

-

2014 EUROPEAN EPAC SALES (EU 28) COUNTRY RANKING (1,000 units)

500

480

400 300 223 200

130 78

100

51

50

50

20

18

18

15

4

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

Comments : EPAC = Electric Power-Assisted Cycle

Slovenia

0

16

Slovakia

0

16

Romania

0

15

Malta

1

13

Lithuania

1

13

Latvia

1

12

Ireland

4

11

Hungary

15

10

Estonia

18

9

EU 28

Czech Republic

Finland

18

8

Cyprus

Sweden

20

6

Croatia

Spain

50

6

Bulgaria

Denmark

50

5

3

Greece

Great Britain

51

4

2

Portugal

Austria

78

1

Luxembourg

Italy

480 223 130

Poland

France

Ra nki ng

Belgium

EPAC Sa l es (x 1,000)

Germany

Country

The Netherlands

0

0 -

2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT

Sweden

Croatia

Cyprus

Denmark

Estonia

Ireland

Latvia

Luxembourg

Malta

EU 28

4

Slovenia

3

Finland

2

Greece

1

Ranking

Great Britain

2920

Lithuania

3300

Austria

3353

Slovakia

3800

Belgium

Total

Spain

620

Czech Republic

2300

1300

Portugal

2000

1062

Hungary

Poland

2291

1300

Romania

Italy

2500

Parts & Accessories Employment

Bulgaria

The Netherlands

Bicycle Employment

Country

920 1661

700

850

690

460

310

256

230

300

248

150

210

55

15

80

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

16216

900

900

570

500

500

589

185

80

0

0

80

0

43

65

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

11454

1820 1720 1600 1420 1190

960

899

441

310

300

248

230

210

98

80

80

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

27670

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

19

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

21

France

Germany

2014 EMPLOYMENT IN THE EUROPEAN BICYCLE AND BICYCLE PARTS & ACCESSORIES INDUSTRIES (EU28)

5

59 6

7

8

9

-

Country

Bi cycl e Empl oyment

Ra nki ng 2500

1 2

Portugal Czech Republic Spain Austria Belgium Lithuania Slovakia Greece Great Britain Sweden Finland Slovenia

Malta

EU 28

2000 1661 920 850 700 690 460 310 300 256 248 230 210 150 80 55 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16216

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

4 5

Luxembourg

Latvia

Ireland

Estonia

Denmark

Cyprus

Croatia

Hungary

Italy

Romania

3

France

2300 2291

Bulgaria

The Netherlands

Poland

Germany

2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT (EU 28)

-

2014 EUROPEAN BICYCLE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT (EU 28)

4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500

1,300 1,300 1,062

900

1,000

900 620

570

500

500

500

185

80

80

65

59

43

Malta

EU 28

59

43

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

11,454

13

14

15

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

Latvia

65

11

Luxembourg

80

11

Ireland

Finland

80

10

Estonia

Bulgaria

185

8

Cyprus

Slovenia

500

8

Denmark

Great Britain

500

7

Croatia

Slovakia

570

6

Sweden

Belgium

620

4

3

Greece

Portugal

Czech Republic

900

4

1

Lithuania

Hungary

900

1

Austria

Poland

1,300 1,300 1,062

Italy

France

Ra nki ng

Romania

Pa rts & Acces s ori es Empl oyment

Germany

Country

The Netherlands

0

-

FRANCE/GERMANY/GREAT BRITAIN/ ITALY/THE NETHERLANDS/BULGARIA/SPAIN Industry & Market Profile 2000-2014

FRANCE

July 2014

Great boost for the French bicycle market in 2014

According to the French Bicycle Observatory, the turnover of bike and accessory sales increased by 7.5% in 2014 compared to 2013. Turnover reached 1.616 billion euros.

Concerning the bike sales, 2014 has been a great year: 2.977.700 bicycles were sold (+7%), representing a value of 918 million euros (+8.5%). Average bicycle price amounts to 307 euros.

In some words, here are the main trends in volume for the bicycle market: 

As every year, bicycles designed for leisure represented the main market share. Junior’s bikes (except ATB) increased by 17.5% and reached 19% of market share.



Adult’s mountain bikes remains the most important range with a market share of 28,5%. This range grew by 10%. At the same time, trekking bikes decreased by 0.5%.



Interest for EPAC is going more and more important. This range increased by 37% to reach 77,500 sales. Other bicycles designed for mobility knew different changes: folding bikes increased by 14% meanwhile city bikes dropped by 5.4%.

The distribution network for the global market (bicycles and parts/accessories) is as follows: 

Specialized Bicycle dealers hold 43% of market share and 50% the bicycle market in value. Their turnover grew by 3.9%. Due to their solid presence on the up-market range and EPAC market they remain the most important network in value.



Sport Chains remained the most important network in terms of volume for bicycle sales (52% of market share). For the global market, they managed 34% of the total sale value. Their turnover increased by 10%.



Supermarkets and other retailers managed 8% of the total sales value. This network has seen his turnover going up by 4.5%.



Internet continues its big expansion with an increase of 15.5% to reach 15% of global market share.

UNIVELO, The French cycle manufacturers and traders council is the meeting point of all professional cycle actors in France: bicycle manufacturers, cycle components and accessories producers, distributors of bicycles, brand equipments and accessories and all actors in favor of the promotion of the bicycle.

31

FRANCE - BICYCLE PRODUCTION (1,000 units) 2000 – 2014

2,000

1,910 1,728 1,720

1,800 1,525

1,600

1,424

1,492 1,286 1,248

1,400

1,130

1,200 1,000

879

916

900

850

800

630

630

2013

2014

600 400 200 0 2000

2001

Year Bicycle Production (x 1,000) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2002

2000 1 910

2003

2001 1 525 -20,16

2004

2002 1 424 -6,62

2005

2003 1 492 4,78

2006

2004 1 728 15,82

2007

2005 1 720 -0,46

2006 1 286 -25,23

2008

2007 1 248 -2,95

2009

2008 1 130 -9,46

2010

2009 879 -22,21

2011

2010 916 4,21

2012

2011 900 -1,75

2012 850 -5,56

2013 630 -25,88

2014 630 0,00

FRANCE – BICYCLE SALES (1,000 units) 2000 – 2014

4,000

3,764 3,528 3,518

3,500

3,465 3,466

3,338

3,336 3,132

2,952 2,986

3,031

3,197 2,917

3,000

2,977 2,785

2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Year

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bicycle Sales (x 1,000)

3 338

2 952

2 986

3 528

3 518

3 764

3 465

3 466

3 336

3 132

3 031

3 197

2 917

2 785

2 977

-11,56

1,15

18,15

-0,28

6,99

-7,94

0,03

-3,75

-6,12

-3,22

5,48

-8,76

-4,53

6,89

Evolution year/year-1 (%)

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS INCLUDING VAT

FRANCE – BICYCLE SALES (M€) 2000 - 2014

1,000

918 857

900

851

869

850

842

800 700

708

846

819

794

794

809

845

732

654

600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2000

2001

Year Bicycle Sales (M€) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

654

708

732

857

851

869

794

842

850

819

794

846

809

845

918

8,26

3,39

17,08

-0,70

2,12

-8,63

6,05

0,95

-3,65

-3,05

6,55

-4,37

-0,12

13,47

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS INCLUDING VAT

2014

FRANCE - PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION (M€) 2000 – 2014

180 180

170

165 150

160

150

157

150

140

139

160

150 140

130

140 120

118

2001

2002

2003

2004

2000 139

2001 120 -13,67

2002 118 -1,67

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2000

Year P & A Production (M€) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

Comments : VALUES EXCLUDING VAT

2005

2003 130 10,17

2006

2004 140 7,69

2007

2005 150 7,14

2008

2006 150 0,00

2007 157 4,67

2009

2008 150 -4,46

2010

2009 140 -6,67

2011

2012

2013

2010 150 7,14

2011 165 10,00

2012 180 9,09

2014

2013 160 -11,11

2014 170 6,25

FRANCE - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT 2000 - 2014

3,500 3,249 3,000

2,794 2,630 2,400

2,500

2,300 2,300 2,250

2,130 2,090 2,050 2,000 2,050

2,000

1,900

1,820 1,820

1,500 1,000 500 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Total

2005

2006

2007

Bicycle Employment

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

P & A Employment

Year

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bi cycl e Empl oyment

1 910

1 555

1 450

1 450

1 400

1 400

1 350

1 200

1 150

1 150

1 100

1 150

1 000

920

920

P & A Empl oyment

1 339

1 239

1 180

950

900

900

900

930

940

900

900

900

900

900

900

Total

3 249

2 794

2 630

2 400

2 300

2 300

2 250

2 130

2 090

2 050

2 000

2 050

1 900

1 820

1 820

GERMANY

Unrestrained joy of cycling in 2014

The German bicycle industry can look back on a successful year 2014. Good weather conditions already early in the year were responsible for an excellent start into the season.

This was the basis for a successful fiscal year.

As before, the German consumers are willing to spend more money for products with high quality and value. Also, there is a continuing trend towards a health-conscious and active lifestyle. For an increasing number of Germans, the bicycle is therefore an essential choice of transportation and sports equipment.

The annual sales of the bicycle-, bicycle-parts- and components industry amounted to an estimated 4 - 5 billion EURO. The pro rata sales of bicycles and electric bicycles amounted to â‚Ź 2.16 billion and has thus increased by 9.6 percent.

Regarding sales, which amounted to 4.1 million of sold bicycles and e-bikes (+ 7,9 %), the bicycle industry could grow significantly.

With an average price of 528, - EURO the consumer has again spent slightly more for a bicycle (including e-bikes) in 2014.

In the category of e-bikes, the industry recorded double-digit growth rates in 2014. Compared with 2013, e-bike sales increased by 17% to 480,000 pieces.

The e-bike share of the total annual market increased to 12% and causes 2.1 million e-bikes on Germany’s roads. These figures are also an indication that increasingly younger target groups start to use e-bikes. Responsible for this are categories, such as e-mountain bikes, that traditionally appeal younger people.

The amount of bicycles in use in Germany (incl. e-bikes) increased slightly in 2014 and is approximately 72 million pieces.

Looking at the split with regard to categories (by sales), ATB and city / urban bikes shares decreased slightly in favor of trekking bikes, other categories (e.g. cargo bicycles, recumbent bicycles or singlespeeds) and of course e-bikes.

The German Two-Wheeler Industry Association (ZIV) represents the interests of the German bicycle-, bicycle-parts-, accessories- and EPAC-industry. ZIV has around 85 member companies and is located close to Frankfurt / Main.

GERMANY - BICYCLE PRODUCTION (1,000 units) 2000 - 2014

3,400

3,500

3,203 3,000 3,045

2,940

3,000

2,714 2,490

2,400 2,418

2,500

2,248 2,229 2,288 2,211 2,162 2,139

2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 2000

2001

2002

Year

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bicycle Production (x 1,000)

3,400

3,000

3,045

3,203

2,940

2,714

2,490

2,400

2,418

2,248

2,229

2,288

2,211

2,162

2,139

-11.76

1.50

5.19

-8.21

-7.69

-8.25

-3.61

0.75

-7.03

-0.85

2.65

-3.37

-2.22

-1.06

Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

GERMANY - BICYCLE SALES (1,000 units) 2000 - 2014

6,000 5,120 4,700 4,600

5,000

4,900

4,700 4,750 4,425

4,600

4,350 4,050 4,010 4,050 3,966

4,000

4,100 3,800

3,000

2,000

1,000

0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Year

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bicycle Sales (x 1,000)

5 120

4 700

4 600

4 900

4 700

4 750

4 425

4 600

4 350

4 050

4 010

4 050

3 966

3 800

4 100

-8,20

-2,13

6,52

-4,08

1,06

-6,84

3,95

-5,43

-6,90

-0,99

1,00

-2,07

-4,19

7,89

Evolution year/year-1 (%)

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS INCLUDING VAT

GERMANY - BICYCLE SALES (M€) 2000 - 2014

2,500 2,165 2,029 2,034 1,976 2,000

1,772

1,697

1,806 1,842 1,624

1,686

1,603 1,620

1,688 1,679 1,542

1,500

1,000

500

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Year

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bicycle Sales (M€)

1,772

1,697

1,624

1,686

1,603

1,620

1,542

1,688

1,679

1,806

1,842

2,029

2,034

1,976

2,165

-4.23

-4.30

3.82

-4.92

1.06

-4.81

9.47

-0.53

7.56

1.99

10.15

0.25

-2.85

9.56

Evolution year/year-1 (%)

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS INCLUDING VAT

GERMANY - PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION (M€) 2000 - 2014

286

300 260

265

2012

2013

250 210

199 200

179

171

165

163

152

186

191

2007

2008

180

183

2009

2010

161

150

100

50

0 2000

2001

Year P & A Production (M€) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2002

2003

2004

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

199

179

171

165

163

152

161

186

191

180

183

210

260

265

286

-10,05

-4,47

-3,51

-1,21

-6,75

5,92

15,53

2,69

-5,76

1,67

14,75

23,81

1,92

7,92

Comments : VALUES EXCLUDING VAT

2005

2006

2011

2014

2014

GERMANY - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT 2000 - 2014

6,000 5,050 4,700

5,000

4,450 4,450

4,250 4,150 4,100

4,000

3,900

3,700

3,550 3,550 3,650

3,900 3,900 3,800

3,000

2,000

1,000

0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Total

2005

2006

2007

Bicycle Employment

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

P & A Employment

Year

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bicycle Employment

4 100

3 750

3 500

3 500

3 300

3 200

3 000

2 800

2 600

2 450

2 450

2 450

2 600

2 600

2 500

P & A Employment Total

950

950

950

950

950

950

1 100

1 100

1 100

1 100

1 100

1 200

1 300

1 300

1 300

5 050

4 700

4 450

4 450

4 250

4 150

4 100

3 900

3 700

3 550

3 550

3 650

3 900

3 900

3 800

GREAT BRITAIN

UK BICYCLE PRODUCTION AND SALES – 2014

The UK cycle industry does not collect any data on production or sales of bicycles; it relies on the official import statistics generated by Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC). This data gives the total units and their £ value at their arrival port in the UK. These figures therefore do not indicate actual retail sales in the calendar year. (In the long term, imports will equate to consumer sales, assuming trade stocks are broadly constant).

These HMRC import statistics are not broken down by types of bicycle. Informal estimates suggest that about 30% of all sales are children’s bikes. Electric Bikes are separately recorded, but this sector is very small (c. 25,000 units p.a.).

There are 2 manufacturers of bicycles in the UK – Brompton and Pashley – with total sales of c.50,000 units.

The market has remained fairly static over the past five years despite growing interest in sports cycling (Olympics), and increases in commuter cycling, especially in London.

The sales of cycles at 3.6 million units in 2014, is 8% higher than in 2013.

Specialist retailers account for about 40% sales by value. It is estimated that there are about 1500 cycle shops in the UK; by far the largest retailer is Halfords, with over 400 outlets, and probably one-third of the retail sales.

There are no figures for on-line sales of bikes or parts and accessories; Wiggle with a UK turnover of c.£120 million is the largest on-line retailer.

GREAT BRITAIN - BICYCLE PRODUCTION (1,000 units) 2000 - 2014

1,200 1,200 1,000 1,000

800

600

350

400

325 250 135

200

94 27

28

20

23

40

40

50

52

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

0 2000

2001

Year Bicycle Production (x 1,000) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2002

2000 1 200

2003

2004

2005

2006

2001 1 000

2002 350

2003 325

2004 250

2005 135

2006 94

2007 27

2008 28

2009 20

2010 23

2011 40

2012 40

2013 50

2014 52

-16,67

-65,00

-7,14

-23,08

-46,00

-30,37

-71,28

3,70

-28,57

15,00

73,91

0,00

25,00

4,00

GREAT BRITAIN - BICYCLE SALES (1,000 units) 2000 - 2014

3,905

4,000

3,727

3,920

3,800

3,771

3,640 3,580 3,600 3,311

3,500

3,400

3,630 3,350

3,000 2,500

2,300

2,400

2,300

2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 2000

2001

Year Bicycle Sales (x 1,000) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2002

2000 2 300

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2001 2 400

2002 2 300

2003 3 727

2004 3 905

2005 3 800

2006 3 920

2007 3 771

2008 3 311

2009 3 400

2010 3 640

2011 3 580

2012 3 600

2013 3 350

2014 3 630

4,35

-4,17

62,04

4,78

-2,69

3,16

-3,80

-12,20

2,69

7,06

-1,65

0,56

-6,94

8,36

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS INCLUDING VAT

GREAT BRITAIN - BICYCLE SALES (M€) 2000 - 2014

1,170 1,151

1,200

1,098

1,050

1,000 800 800

708

695

2004

2005

834

839

2008

2009

820

725

600 600 430 400

380 320

200

0 2000

2001

Year Bicycle Sales (M€) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2002

2000 430

2003

2006

2007

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2001 380

2002 320

2003 600

2004 708

2005 695

2006 800

2007 725

2008 834

2009 839

2010 1 170

2011 1 151

2012 1 098

2013 820

2014 1 050

-11,63

-15,79

87,50

18,00

-1,84

15,11

-9,38

15,03

0,60

39,45

-1,62

-4,60

-25,32

28,05

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS INCLUDING VAT

GREAT BRITAIN - PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION (M€) 2000 – 2014

40 36 35 30

31

31

31

2011

2012

2013

30 25 20 15

15

15

15

15

15

2006

2007

17

17

2008

2009

12

12

2003

2004

2005

2001 15

2002 15

2003 11

2004 12

2005 12

2006 15

2007 15

2008 17

2009 17

2010 30

2011 31

2012 31

2013 31

2014 36

0,00

0,00

-26,67

9,09

0,00

25,00

0,00

13,33

0,00

76,47

3,33

0,00

0,00

16,13

11 10 5 0 2000

2001

Year P & A Production (M€) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2002

2000 15

Comments : VALUES EXCLUDING VAT

2010

2014

GREAT BRITAIN - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT 2000 - 2014

2,000

1,820

1,800 1,600 1,400

1,210

1,200 1,000 800 600 400

400

320

305

400

105

200

115

110

105

100

120

100

200

230

0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Total

Year Bicycle Employment P & A Employment Total

2000 1 700 120 1 820

2001 1 100 110 1 210

2002 300 100 400

2005

2006

2007

Bicycle Employment

2003 300 100 400

2004 240 65 305

2005 40 65 105

2006 40 70 110

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2010 30 70 100

2011 250 70 320

2012 50 70 120

P & A Employment

2007 40 75 115

2008 30 75 105

2009 30 70 100

2013 130 70 200

2014 150 80 230

ITALY

BICYCLE SALES GROW BY 6.6% IN 2014 Sales of pedal driven two-wheel vehicles improve in Italy and Europe. The balance of trade is active with a plus of 142 million Euros. The levels of domestic production (+2.1%) and exports (+1.1%) continue to be high. Stable sales figures for eBikes.

Milan, 27 May 2015 - 1,644,592 bicycles were sold in Italy last year, and in percentage terms this figure means a 6.6% increase over 2013 (1,542,758 units), also thanks to good weather conditions during the first part of the year. This favourable trend found confirmation in most European countries.

With 2,728.600 units, production increased slightly (+2.1%), always driven by export growth, as sales to foreign markets came to 1,765.819 units (+1.1%) and Italy played the star role, as Europe's No. 1 manufacturer, especially in the segment of kids bicycles with up to 20 inch wheels.

These figures show how the antidumping duties adopted in 2011 are having their intended effects and are rewarding local industrial investments over Asian products, which, according to studies by Confindustria ANCMA and Politecnico di Milano, entail an environmental tax of 70 kg of CO2.

Albeit declining slightly, eBikes, pedal assisted bicycles, hold their ground with 51,156 units sold (-0.5%) compared with 51,405 in 2013, and have passed the million units mark in the European countries as a whole. Domestic production increased by 40%, in response to a demand for better control over product quality. The average price of these vehicles has been increasing, but despite a drop in quantities export performance keeps up in terms of overall value, a sure sign that even foreign markets seek higher quality bikes, where both motorization and frame components are concerned.

As is know, the term pedal assisted bicycle applies to bikes that - with a 250watt motor, a top speed of 25 km/h and pedal assistance for the rider as long as he/she keeps pedalling or the bicycle reaches the speed of 25 km/h - make bike riding virtually effortless. When these parameters are exceeded, the products are rated as mopeds. Indications that invite or require their use on private roads are null and void for homologation purposes. The eBike has been available on the market for about fifteen years, but is not used very widely or sufficiently appreciated. ANCMA has asked the University of Milan to conduct a study to evaluate the salient traits of potential eBike buyers, and the results of the survey will be made known within the framework of the September trade fairs.

All in all, the 2014 balance of trade for bicycles and bicycle parts was active, with a plus of 142 million Euros. As always, the saddle sector was a protagonist, sharing the limelight with components such as frames, gearboxes, wheels and handlebars for racing bikes. “The bicycle today represents one of the most important solutions for sustainable mobility - says Corrado Capelli, Chairman of Confindustria ANCMA (National Association for the Bicycle, Motorcycle and Accessory Industry) - Providing for reduced energy consumption and emissions, gains in terms of health and faster transfer speeds in congested city traffic. Moreover, those who decide to ride a bike can count on lower operating costs. We shall carry on our promotion and protection programs for the entire sector and the numerous activities that contribute to enhancing the culture of two-wheel vehicles. From the Government we ask measures that go in

this direction and are designed to bring Italy into alignment with the standards of the best European practices. International studies have shown that 1 Euro invested in cycling infrastructures gives back 4 or 5 Euros to the community in less than a year's time. 1 metre of bike lane may cost from 20 to 400 Euros”.

Cristiano De Rosa, Chairman of ANCMA's Bicycle Group, adds: “Our hope is that local administrations adopt concrete policies to make our cities bicycle-friendly and to adapt the infrastructures in extra-urban areas. Building public awareness on the use of the bicycle also means offering Italy opportunities for growth and development through cycling tourism. In Germany, 7 million cycling tourists spend an average amount of 1200 Euros/year, generating an annual turnover of 9 billion Euros. In France, the turnover from cycling tourism is 2 billion, in our Country, the Autonomous Province of Trento, where revenues from cycling tourism are calculated, declares that, since 2009, its cycle lanes extending just over 400 km have generated annual revenues of over 100 million Euros”.

According to estimates by Studio Ambrosetti, annual revenues of 3.2 billion Euros could be generated by two major cycling tourism projects that have been under consideration by the institutions for many years: the BiciItalia network, linking southern and northern Italy, and the VEN.TO (Venice-Turin) infrastructure cutting across the Po River Valley from east to west, whose overall realisation costs would come to ca 2.5 billion Euros.

“Besides its industrial value, the bicycle sector has great cultural importance. Our companies have written and keep writing cycling history at world level and we must narrate these success stories," declares Fulvio Acquati, Chairman of Confindustria ANCMA's Parts Group.

The top selling bicycles are trekking and city bike models (32%), followed by mountain bikes (31%), children's bikes (18%), racing (6%), classic road (9%) and electric (4%) bikes.

Sales of folding bicycles are picking up, though this continues to be a niche product (ca 45.000 units year). Their use is encouraged by the fact that they can be carried with ease like baggage on any train, and especially high-speed trains. Several companies are strengthening their range by including folding type pedal assisted models. With a strong showing, the luxury segment confirmed the figures achieved last year. The approx. 22.000 high-end units consisted of different models: racing, folding, top-performing, mountain and road bikes. The decisive factor in this segment is the selection of high quality materials, refinement, a wide range of customization possibilities.

In 2014, mass retail channels continued to account for 30% of sales and 20% of turnover; specialised large-scale retailers accounted for 40% of sales and 50% of turnover. Compared with 2013, sales through mass retail channels were seen to increase, to the detriment of specialised outlets, even though, for the latter, a decline in units sold was offset by an increase in sales value. Specialised dealer revenues break down as follows: 47% from bicycle sales; 23% from parts and accessories; 6% from clothing, and 24% from repairs.

An analysis by geographical areas sees the North East take first place for sales, though it has a smaller population than the other areas. At the very top with find Veneto and Emilia Romagna, two regions that have dedicated structures and infrastructures for the bicycle and therefore are able to support its purchase and widespread use. Where fast public transport services are combined with dedicated lanes, cycling lanes, 30 km/h zones. limited traffic zones, parking facilities, transport on public transport vehicles, the bicycle is the most practical, fastest and

most convenient vehicle: 50% of transfers in city areas have a length of less than 5 km and over this distance the bicycle is the fastest mode of transport.

As in all countries with strong cycling traditions, bicycle thefts are a hindrance to development.

The cyclists in circulation in our Country are 4 million and about 8% of them have had their bicycles stolen (data from Fiab-ANCMA study), which means bicycle thefts add up to 320.000 units. The average sales value of a bicycle is 270 Euros, and therefore ca 86 million Euros have vanished in the air. Additional factors come into play, besides this "direct cost": when they buy a new bike, consumers are aware of the risk of theft and therefore choose a model that is about 30% cheaper than the one they would normally buy. Consumers who have had their bike stolen will buy a new one that is 30% less costly than the previous one. Confindustria ANCMA has determined that all in all the losses caused by bicycle theft come to no less than 150 million Euros/year.

ITALY - BICYCLE PRODUCTION (1,000 units) 2000 - 2014

3,500

3,250

3,000 2,650

2,550 2,600 2,350

2,500

2,400 2,418

2,585

2,520

2,380

2,671 2,729 2,489 2,310

2,195

2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Year

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bicycle Production (x 1,000)

3 250

2 650

2 350

2 550

2 600

2 400

2 418

2 520

2 380

2 585

2 489

2 310

2 195

2 671

2 729

-18,46

-11,32

8,51

1,96

-7,69

0,75

4,22

-5,56

8,61

-3,71

-7,19

-4,98

21,69

2,17

Evolution year/year-1 (%)

ITALY - BICYCLE SALES (1,000 units) 2000 - 2014

2,000

1,877

1,943

1,998

1,927 1,780

1,722 1,684

1,771 1,750

1,666

1,695 1,606 1,594

1,384 1,418

1,500

1,000

500

0 2000

2001

Year Bicycle Sales (x 1,000) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2002

2000 1 722

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2001 1 684

2002 1 384

2003 1 418

2004 1 666

2005 1 877

2006 1 943

2007 1 998

2008 1 780

2009 1 927

2010 1 771

2011 1 750

2012 1 606

2013 1 594

2014 1 695

-2,21

-17,81

2,46

17,49

12,67

3,52

2,83

-10,91

8,26

-8,10

-1,19

-8,23

-0,75

6,34

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS INCLUDING VAT

ITALY - BICYCLE SALES (M€) 2000 - 2014

600 520

516

539 506

478

500

460

442 400 306

2002

2003

488

433

375

360 302

455

331

300

200

100

0 2000

2001

Year Bicycle Sales (M€) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2000 520

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2001 442

2002 302

2003 306

2004 331

2005 360

2006 375

2007 478

2008 516

2009 539

2010 460

2011 455

2012 433

2013 506

2014 488

-15,00

-31,67

1,32

8,17

8,76

4,17

27,47

7,95

4,46

-14,66

-1,09

-4,84

16,86

-3,56

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS INCLUDING VAT

ITALY - PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION (M€) 2000 - 2014

700 594 600

560

610 575

561

560

555

559

550

496 466

500

442

489

420 373

400 300 200 100 0 2000

2001

Year P & A Production (M€) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2000 560

2001 594

2002 575

2003 561

2004 560

2005 555

2006 550

2007 610

2008 559

2009 466

2010 442

6,07

-3,20

-2,43

-0,18

-0,89

-0,90

10,91

-8,36

-16,64

-5,15

Comments : VALUES EXCLUDING VAT

ITALY - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT 2000 - 2014

2011

2012

2013

2014

2011 420

2012 496

2013 489

2014 373

-4,98

18,10

-1,41

-23,72

7,000 6,200 6,000

5,520

5,240

5,080

5,030

5,000

4,320

4,150

4,000

3,900

3,740 3,620

3,450

3,650 3,200 3,300

3,174

3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Total

2005

2006

2007

Bicycle Employment

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

P & A Employment

Year

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bi cycl e Empl oyment

2 600

2 120

1 880

2 040

2 080

1 920

1 950

1 900

1 840

1 820

1 700

1 574

2 450

1 900

2 000

P & A Empl oyment

3 600

3 400

3 200

3 200

2 950

2 400

2 200

2 000

1 900

1 800

1 750

1 600

1 200

1 300

1 300

Total

6 200

5 520

5 080

5 240

5 030

4 320

4 150

3 900

3 740

3 620

3 450

3 174

3 650

3 200

3 300

The NETHERLANDS

BICYCLE MARKET IN THE NETHERLANDS - 2014 The number of new e-bikes has increased 16 percent in 2014

In 2014, a total of 1.051 million new bikes have been sold in The Netherlands. That is an increase of 4.2 percent from 2013. More than 21 percent of all new bikes was an e-bike. The total turnover from bicycle sales increase to â‚Ź 886 million.

The market share of e-bikes is still increasing. In 2014, a total of 223,000 new e-bikes have been sold, up 16.1 percent. That means more than 1 in 5 new bicycles sold is an e-bike. A percentage of 21.2 %. The Netherlands remains the European market leader in the field of ebikes.

In total the Dutch cycle about 14.5 billion kilometres annually. Cycling perfectly fits in the social trends of sustainability, health and a vital lifestyle.

More and more this kilometres are accounted for by the e-bike. The e-bike accounts for 12 percent of all bicycle kilometres.

The total turnover of bicycle sales in the Netherlands increased by 11.2 percent to over 886 million euros. In 2014 the market share of bicycles sold through the dealers was higher than in 2013: 71 versus 68 percent .

THE NETHERLANDS - BICYCLE PRODUCTION (1,000 units) 2000 - 2014

1,200

1,200

1,159 1,046

1,082

1,129 1,045 967

1,000

882

894

972

971 882

900

2011

2012

850

850

2013

2014

800

600

400

200

0 2000

2001

Year Bicycle Production (x 1,000)

2002

2003

2004

2005

2000 1 159

2001 1 046

2002 1 082

2003 1 045

2004 882

2005 894

2006 967

2007 972

2008 1 129

2009 1 200

2010 971

2011 882

2012 900

2013 850*

2014 850*

-9,75

3,44

-3,42

-15,60

1,36

8,17

0,52

16,15

6,29

-19,08

-9,17

2,04

-5,56

-4,56

Evolution year/year-1 (%)

Comments: * : estimates

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

THE NETHERLANDS - BICYCLE SALES (1,000 units) 2000 - 2014

1,600

1,517 1,365

1,400

1,324 1,324

1,323

1,400 1,388 1,281

1,250 1,239

1,213

1,200

1,171 1,035 1,008 1,051

1,000 800 600 400 200 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Year

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bicycle Sales (x 1,000)

1 517

1 365

1 324

1 324

1 250

1 239

1 323

1 400

1 388

1 281

1 213

1 171

1 035

1 008

1 051

-10,02

-3,00

0,00

-5,59

-0,88

6,78

5,82

-0,86

-7,71

-5,31

-3,46

-11,61

-2,61

4,27

Evolution year/year-1 (%)

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS INCLUDING VAT

THE NETHERLANDS - BICYCLE SALES (M€) 2000 – 2014

1,000

906

900 800

930

904

844 730

723

737

2000

2001

2002

797

770

737

730

717

2003

2004

2005

887

873 750

700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

Year Bicycle Sales (M€) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2000 730

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2001 723

2002 737

2003 737

2004 730

2005 717

2006 770

2007 844

2008 906

2009 930

2010 904

2011 873

2012 750

2013 797

2014 887

-0,96

1,94

0,00

-0,95

-1,78

7,39

9,61

7,35

2,65

-2,80

-3,43

-14,09

6,27

11,29

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS INCLUDING VAT

THE NETHERLANDS - PARTS & ACCESSORIES PRODUCTION (M€) 2000 – 2014

100 90 90

85

85

85

85

90

90

85

90

88

88

2012

2013

2014

85

80

80

80

2003

2004

2005

2006

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

85

85

85

85

80

80

80

85

90

90

90

85

90

88

88

0,00

0,00

0,00

-5,88

0,00

0,00

6,25

5,88

0,00

0,00

-5,56

5,88

-2,22

0,00

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000

2001

Year P & A Production (M€) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2002

Comments : VALUES EXCLUDING VAT All figures are estimated

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2014

THE NETHERLANDS - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT 2000 - 2014

3,347 3,353

3,500 3,000 2,550 2,550 2,550 2,600 2,564 2,500 2,264 2,220 2,232 2,232 2,200

2,264 2,100

2,000

2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Total

2005

2006

2007

Bicycle Employment

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

P & A Employment

Year

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bi cycl e Empl oyment

1 650

1 612

1 630

1 630

1 600

1 500

1 400

1 950

1 950

1 950

1 850

1 764

1 764

2 285

2 291

P & A Empl oyment Total

614

608

602

602

600

600

600

600

600

600

750

800

900

1 062

1 062

2 264

2 220

2 232

2 232

2 200

2 100

2 000

2 550

2 550

2 550

2 600

2 564

2 264

3 347

3 353

BULGARIA

BULGARIA - BICYCLE PRODUCTION (1,000 units) 2007 - 2014

950

1,000 837

900

749

800 642

700 516

600

562

532 458

500 400 300 200 100 0 2007

2008

Year Bicycle Production (x 1,000) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2009

2010

2007

2008

2011

2009

2012

2010

2011

2013

2012

2014

2013

2014

516

562

458

532

642

837

749

950

-

8,91

-11,24

16,16

20,68

30,37

-10,51

26,84

BULGARIA - BICYCLE SALES (1,000 units) 2007 - 2014

120 103 100

80

86 70

82

71 60

62

65

2012

2013

60

40

20

0 2007

2008

Year Bicycle Sales (x 1,000) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2009

2010

2007

2008

2011

2009

2010

2011

2012

2014

2013

2014

70

71

60

86

103

62

65

82

-

1,43

-15,49

43,33

19,77

-39,81

4,84

26,15

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS

BULGARIA - BICYCLE SALES (M€) 2007 – 2014

8 7

7

2013

2014

7 6

6

6 5

5

5

5 4 4 3 2 1 0 2007

2008

Year

2009

2010

2007

2008

2011

2009

2012

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bicycle Sales (M€)

5

5

4

6

6

5

7

7

Evolution year/year-1 (%)

-

0,00

-20,00

50,00

0,00

-16,67

40,00

0,00

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS INCLUDING VAT

BULGARIA - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT 2010 - 2014

1720

1800 1507

1600

1,457 1320 1,270

1400 1200 1000

1,661

1010 800

970

760

800 600 400 200 0 2010

2011 Total

Year Bicycle Employment P & A Employment Tota l

2012 Bicycle Employment

2013

2014

P & A Employment

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

760

970

1 457

1 270

1 661

40

40

50

50

59

800

1010

1507

1320

1720

SPAIN

Spanish bicycle market continues to expand: 1.088.548 bikes sold in 2014, a 5,24% more than previous year

AMBE, the Spanish association of brands of the bicycle market, joined by manufacturers, importers and distributors measures each year the performance and evolution of the market. The last report shows that almost one million and one hundred bikes were sold during 2014 with a total value of 490 Million Euro, what represent a 36,2% over the total bicycle related market, which summarize 1,354.5 Million Euro, the major percentage (23,07%) between all sporting disciplines, above so media interesting and popular sports like football. The consumption of bicycle market products grew a 6,61% during 2014, a 1,5% more than other sporting products.

MTB bikes category with a 48% over the total bicycle sold is the best seller again, meanwhile child bikes represented a 36,43%. Summarizing these two categories we have a 82,43% over the sell-out market. Ebikes deserve special mention, despite the sales figures are still significantly lower than in other European countries (17,655 units sold), it reached the major percentage of growth (76,20%) during last year. Thus, Spain starts the road of a serious ebike market.

The Industry Companies The number of companies operating in the sector has grown during the last five years more than a 15%, reaching 304 companies. The number of companies with industrial character, whether its production is based on Spain or outsourced in foreign countries, have grown, although are still losing market share.

Currently exist 132 national manufacturers of bicycle-related products. The bicycle-related market is a recent one and its trend during last decades have been the concentration, disappearing national manufacturers or converting themselves into importers/distributors.

Nevertheless during last few years part of the initiative lost have been recovered appearing new national brands, in both bicycles (specially urban and ebikes) and components and accessories.

The sporting goods market during 2014 employed 74,837 people. 16,714 of these employees belong to Bicycle market. These figures represent an average number of employees of 20,5 workers per company and 3,74 workers per dealer. During 2014 the bicycle sector created 2,004 employments which represent an annual increase of 13,62%, 10 points more over the national average of sporting goods. The dealers were who achieved the major increase with 1,380 new employees, a 15,16% more than previous year. This important growth was due to new dealers opening, mainly specialty bicycle retailers and bicycle workshops.

SPAIN - BICYCLE PRODUCTION (1,000 units) 2006 - 2014

450 400

404

398

380

378

373

375

356

333 350

312

300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2006

2007

Year Bicycle Production (x 1,000) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2008

2009

2006

2007

378

312

-

2010

2008

2011

2009

2010

2012

2011

2013

2012

2014

2013

2014

380

333

398

404

373

375

356

0,53

-11,90

19,52

1,51

-7,67

0,54

-5,07

74

SPAIN - BICYCLE SALES (1,000 units) 2007 - 2014

1,119

1,200

1,089 1,034

1,000 800

800

780

800

600

400

200

0 2009

2010

Year Bicycle Sales (x 1,000) Evolution year/year-1 (%)

2011

2007

2008

2012

2009

2010

2013

2014

2011

2012

2013

2014

70

71

800

800

780

1 119

1 034

1 089

-

1,43

1026,76

0,00

-2,50

43,46

-7,60

5,32

Comments : SALES = SALES TO CONSUMERS

75

SPAIN - BICYCLE EMPLOYMENT 2010 - 2014

1,000 900

899

899

860

850 800

800 700 600

589

550

550

589

500

500 400

300

300

310

310

310

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

300 200 100 0

Year

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bi cycl e Empl oyment

300

300

310

310

310

P & A Empl oyment

500

550

550

589

589

Tota l

800

850

860

899

899

76