Carrot Country Winter 2021-22

CarrotCountry.com Winter 2021-22

DRONES For Carrot Nitrogen Management

Advertiser Index

Asa-Lift ...............................3 Bejo ..................................15 Kerian .................................7 Pop Vriend ........................14 Stokes...............................12 Rijk Zwaan ........................13 Univerco ...........................16

21 Carrot Varieties

Vogel................................. 11

PLUS: New Products • Crop Insurance • News

Magazines For Maximum Yield

PO Box 333 Roberts, Idaho 83444 Telephone: (208) 520-6461

www.carrotcountry.com Carrot Country Contacts Editor Denise Keller

editor@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com

Publisher / Advertising Dave Alexander dave@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com Director of Operations Brian Feist brian@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com

EDITORIAL INFORMATION Carrot Country is interested in newsworthy material related to carrot production and marketing.

Contributions from all segments of the industry are welcome. Submit news releases, new product submissions, stories and photos via email to: editor@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com, or call (509) 697-9436.

Vol. 29, No. 4

Winter 2021-22

In This Issue:

4

Drones Show Promise for Carrot Nitrogen Management

6 Carrot Variety Buyers’ Guide 13 Crop Insurance: Exploring the Options

ADVERTISING SALES For information on rates, mechanics, deadlines, list rental, direct mail, inserts or other information, call (208) 520-6461 or email: dave@carrotcountry.com

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Carrot Country magazine (ISSN 1071-6653), is published quarterly and mailed under a standard rate mailing permit at Idaho Falls, Idaho and at additional mailing offices.

Produced by Columbia Media Group PO Box 333, Roberts, ID, 83444.

Copyright 2021. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose without the express written permission of Columbia Media Group.

For information on reprints call (208) 520-6461.

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Jefferson from Bejo is a cello carrot with smooth, very uniform roots of good length, color and flavor. See all 21 varieties in our Carrot Variety Buyers’ Guide starting on page 6.

On the Cover: Researchers are evaluating the pros and cons of using drones to help make nitrogen management decisions in carrots.

See the story on page 4.

Departments:

12 14 15 15

New Products In the News Ad Index Calendar

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Drones Show Promise for Carrot Nitrogen Management

By Michael A. Metiva and Zachary D. Hayden, Michigan State University

O

n the irrigated, sandy soils of west Michigan, nitrogen (N) management strategies for processing carrots must balance potential losses in yield and quality against the risks of N loss to the environment and high root nitrates at harvest. As a result, many growers utilize multiple topdress N applications throughout the season to “spoon-feed” N to their crops. Labor-intensive petiole sap nitrate sampling is often used to assess when and how much topdress N is needed in a particular field and year.

While petiole sap nitrate testing using handheld meters has the advantages of relatively straightforward sampling and

rapid readings to assess plant N, it also suffers from high labor requirements to collect and process the petiole samples, small sample size in the field, high data variability and uncertainty about the accuracy of published thresholds for triggering N applications across different carrot varieties and soils.

As part of a larger experiment in 2019 and 2020 investigating optimal N fertilizer management in processing carrots, we evaluated the pros and cons of newer drone technology as an alternative to petiole nitrate testing for managing topdress decision making.

Figure 1. Comparison of high-nitrogen and low-nitrogen carrot plots in RGB color (left) and pseudo-color Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Note that the thicker, greener vegetation in the highnitrogen plot leads to higher average NDVI (more bright yellow/green, less dark blue) across the plot.

Figure 2. Strength of correlations between yield and three measures of crop nitrogen status: GLI (calculated using the drone’s digital camera), NDVI (calculated using the additional multispectral camera) and petiole sap nitrate concentration. Percentages indicate the percent of variation in final yield that these metrics can explain on a given date.

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Experiment Details

In April of both study years, carrots (cultivar Cupar) were planted in sandy, irrigated commercial production fields with 26 lb/ac of starter N; carrots were subsequently harvested in October.

Treatments included four season-total N fertilizer rates (26 [starter only], 60, 120 and 180 lb/ac N) in conjunction with two topdressing strategies (single frontloaded topdress in July vs. three split applications in July, August and September). Additional treatments looked at the timing of split applications for the recommended 120 lb/ ac N rate, moving split applications either two weeks earlier or later.

Every two weeks starting in early June, we sampled petioles from each experimental plot and tested sap nitrate levels. We also flew a small quadcopter carrying both a standard RGB digital camera and an additional, more expensive multispectral camera (Micasense RedEdge MX). Drone imagery was then used to calculate vegetation indices (VIs) related to plant N status for each plot (Fig. 1).

Topdress N treatments created variability in the N status and yield of carrots over time, allowing us to try to detect differences using both petiole sap nitrate testing and drone imagery.

Drones vs. Petiole Nitrate Testing: Correlations with Yield

If a measurement of N status is finding meaningful differences, those differences should be reflected in final yield. Fig. 2 shows that drone-based vegetation indices from either the drone’s normal digital camera (Green Leaf Index [GLI]) or the added multispectral camera (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI]) were both more strongly correlated with yield than petiole sap nitrate testing. This was especially true from mid-August to mid-September in 2019 when the strength of the correlations exceeded 50 percent, meaning over half of the variation in yield

could be explained by information the vegetation indices were picking up.

Along with fewer yield differences overall, correlations were lower in 2020, where no N status metrics explained more than 20 to 30 percent of the yield variation on any date. Still, drone indices did as well as or better than petiole nitrate.

Guiding Topdress Application Decisions

The idea behind both petiole sap nitrate testing and drone-based vegetation indices is to apply N when the crop’s N status (as measured by these tools) drops below a certain threshold. For petiole sap nitrate, different thresholds have been published from university research, though concerns remain that these values may be specific to a given variety or region.

Drone-based decision making relies on a different “sufficiency index” approach, which requires comparing vegetation index values to a high-N reference area within the field that represents adequate N fertilization. Normalizing VI values using this in-field reference transforms the vegetation indices into “sufficiency indices” (SIs) which measure how close other areas look to the high-N reference.

Making topdress decisions requires both establishing appropriate reference areas and deciding on a threshold relative to the reference below which topdresses should be applied.

Using SIs has the advantage of capturing N status differences independent of variations due to variety, disease, growth stage or other factors accounted for by comparison with the reference area.

However, more research is needed to evaluate the optimal reference treatments and threshold values to use in carrots.

In this trial, an analysis using our high-N, frontloaded topdress treatment as the reference area and a threshold value of approximately 1 (apply a topdress if a given area looks “worse” than the reference) found that drone-based SIs recommended topdress applications about 25 to 35 percent less often, on average, than petiole nitrate testing, with the potential to reduce N costs and pollution from wasted N.

Practical Considerations

Drone-based SIs show promise relative to petiole nitrate testing for topdress decision support. In particular, drones may offer greater accuracy, larger sampling areas, fewer labor hours, and

more interpretable, frequent and multipurpose information on crop status. The accessibility of these advantages may well increase over time through improvements in drone or satellite technology and greater speed and availability of image processing services.

However, maintaining appropriate high-N reference areas adds additional management complexity, and the additional time and expertise required to fly the drone and process the imagery likely necessitates use of a service provider for all but the most tech-savvy growers.

Upfront costs for a drone and software are also generally higher than for a handheld nitrate meter (in our case, approximately $1,500 for the drone and $2,000 for the software versus $400 for a nitrate meter).

The addition of the multispectral camera to the drone cost nearly $6,000 more, but our similar results for both cameras suggest this extra cost may be unnecessary.

More research is needed to test dronebased adaptive N management for carrots at field scale and identify tradeoffs as the farming technology landscape continues to evolve. Still, our research shows promise for using drones in carrot nitrogen management.

Michael Metiva, a former master’s student in the Hayden Lab at Michigan State University (MSU), talks to growers about carrot nitrogen management at a 2019 MSU Extension field research tour in west Michigan. Photo courtesy Ben Werling, Michigan State University Extension

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CARROT VARIETY 21 Carrot Varieties BUYERS’ GUIDE 1972 Silver Spur Place Oceano, CA 93445 (805) 473-2199 www.bejoseeds.com info@bejoseeds.com

(831) 524-0161 phiggins@popvriendseeds.com popvriendseeds.com/usa

Narvik

An easy-growing, mid-early Nantes variety with nice flavor and texture, Narvik roots are uniform and cylindrical. Tops are strong, healthy and erect. Narvik is adaptable to standard or highdensity spacing. Overall, the variety holds well in storage and has intermediate resistance to black rot, Cercospora leaf blight and cavity spot. Organic seed is available.

Jefferson (B-3188)

Narvik

With a maturity of 75 to 80 days, Jefferson is a cello carrot with smooth, very uniform roots of good length, color and flavor.

The variety has intermediate resistance to Alternaria leaf blight, black rot and cavity spot.

Olancha

This Imperator cut-and-peel variety offers very high field durability and uniformity and high processing performance.

Carrots have very smooth skin, uniform coloration of the core and are easy to cut. These features, combined with great flavor and good top attachment, make this variety a real champion.

Jacinto

This Imperator cello type is unique because it has an excellent flavor. Jacinto offers great durability and uniformity.

Roots are uniform with smooth skin and good top attachment.

With good core definition and a medium dark color, the Jacinto is exactly what you are looking for.

Jefferson (B-3188)

Jacinto 6

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Olancha

701A LaGuardia St. Salinas, CA 93905 (831) 455-3000 www.rijkzwaanusa.com contactusa@rijkzwaan.com

Ellis (55-247) Ellis

Hestan

Ymer

Set to become commercial soon, Ellis is a Nantes-type hybrid for fresh market and suitable for long storage. This variety needs 120-140 growing days for full blunt length. The variety is strong against breakage and splitting and has strong foliage for mechanical harvest, stress and disease pressure. High carotene and Brix value are maintained through storage.

Hestan (55-246)

Ymer (55-414)

New in 2021, Ymer is a Berlicum/Nantes-type hybrid for fresh market and suitable for long storage. Reaching maturity in 130 growing days, the variety features strong, dark green foliage, and a nice cylindrical shape, growing to 8 inches. High carotene and Brix value are maintained through storage.

Set to become commercial soon, Hestan is a Nantes-type hybrid for fresh market and suitable for long storage. The variety takes 130-150 growing days for full blunt length.

Strong against breakage and splitting, this variety is a very uniform and good yielder with strong foliage for mechanical harvest, stress and disease pressure. High carotene and Brix value are maintained through storage.

KERIAN SIZER

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Orients & positions carrots

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701-352-0480 • sales@kerian.com Fax 701-352-3776

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CARROT VARIETY BUYERS’ GUIDE Orange Blaze

SVDC2089

800 N. Lindbergh Blvd.

Saint Louis, MO 63167 (314) 694-7375 vegetables.bayer.com emily.standley@bayer.com

SVDC1978

SVDC1978 has good root shape and size uniformity in combination with good top attachment and plant vigor. Long roots with excellent tops make SVDC1978 an attractive cut-and-peel carrot in the Seminis portfolio. With tolerance to powdery mildew and the combination of root quality and top vigor, growers will be rewarded with a high yield potential.

SVDC1978

Orange Blaze

Orange Blaze has demonstrated adaptability with good quality as a cello/ jumbo carrot for multiple growing regions across the U.S. and eastern Canada. It makes a smooth, cylindrical, high quality root that continues to size and create a high percentage of jumbos. This easy-to-harvest carrot has a strong top with intermediate Alternaria blight resistance, providing high yield potential.

SVDC2089

SVDC2089 is a cut-and-peel variety with excellent plant health, good root uniformity and eating quality that provides a high yield potential to growers. This variety can be grown in all cut-and-peel carrot growing regions in the U.S., especially in the organic market where health is very important. SVDC2089 has good tolerance to powdery mildew, as well as a superior root with good length and uniformity. Its excellent texture, flavor, clean top, root length and uniformity make SVDC2089 a great option for growers.

SV2384DL

SVDC4193

SVDC4193

SVDC4193 can be used in the cut-andpeel and slicer market throughout the U.S. This product offers high yield potential and great value to the customer. It has excellent root quality with long, smooth, uniform roots that give growers a high quality product. SVDC4193 has good plant vigor and strong tops, producing a high pack-out at harvest.

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SV2384DL

SV2384DL is a hybrid cello and slicer variety with a long, smooth root that fills to the tip for good yield potential and has shown a low percentage of forking in soils with substrate. It is a reliable variety that growers can use in different soil types and a range of growing conditions and can increase seeding rates to control the length of the root.

Olympus

Holland, MI 49424 (800) 962-4999 www.stokeseeds.com customerservice.us@stokeseeds.com

SV4128DL

SV4128DL

This variety has nice, smooth, tubular-shaped 10- to 12-inch roots well adapted for mineral soils. Strong tops have good disease resistance, and carrots are easy to mechanically harvest.

The variety, which can be used in the cello/slicer market, has intermediate resistance to Alternaria leaf blight.

Maverick

Olympus

Olympus is a classic, mid-season 7- to 9-inch carrot with superior uniformity, great color and smooth finish. The taste is outstanding with a very crisp texture. The variety can be used for the bunching/cello market.

Maverick is an early variety with high quality, 9- to 10-inch uniform roots with excellent interior color and taste. The variety has strong foliar disease tolerance and is widely adapted. Use for the bunching, cello or jumbo market.

Apache

At 65 days, roots are dark orange, average 10 inches and are very smooth with a strong attachment. Apache can be used for the bunching or cello market.

Apache

Maverick

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CARROT VARIETY BUYERS’ GUIDE Bolero

Speedo

Bolero

Speedo

3 Harris Place Salinas CA, 93901 (831) 771-1500 www.vilmorinnorthamerica.com

Gold Nugget

This main-season yellow Nantes variety hits maturity 120-130 days from sowing and yields beautiful, smooth roots with excellent flavor.

Bolero has been a global industry standard for more than 30 years.

Siroco

With maturity at 120 days from sowing, Siroco produces uniform fruit suited well for slicing and cello Nantes markets. Strong tops hold well late into the harvest season, standing up to disease and weather alike.

Gold Nugget 10

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Winter 2021-22

This extremely early Nantes is paired with out-of-this-world uniformity. Strong tops make top lifting easy, an added bonus to the 90-day turnaround Speedo will give you.

Volcano

A workhorse for the processing and storage market in North America, Volcano makes late harvests more reliable with high marketable yields paired with great storage capacity.

Volcano

New! Extreme Super Cleaning System 3 to 4 times better cleaning than any other system

Custom Built Harvesting Equipment Carrots — Pickles

We offer a computer (digital processor) individual row head height system 2, 3, 4, 6 & 8 Rows Conventional Roller Bar or High Speed Crowning.

Precision Computer Controlled Planting Population Systems

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www.vogel-engineering.com

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New Products Key Technology Upgrades Digital Sorter

Key Technology has introduced its VERYX 2.0 line of digital sorters suitable for carrots.

The machines feature a new mechanical layout, next-generation LED illumination, enhanced laser scanner technology and new powerful software driven by artificial intelligence. VERYX 2.0 eases use, reduces operating costs, and improves the accuracy of foreign material and defect removal to optimize product quality and maximize yield, according to the company.

The product line includes belt- and chute-fed sorters of various sizes, configurable to address a range of product applications and production capacities. The sorters can be equipped with cameras, laser sensors and/or hyperspectral imaging technology to identify the color, size, shape, structural composition and biological properties of each object.

Visit www.key.net.

Company Taking Pre-Orders for 2022 Robotic Weeder

Wide Selection of Carrot Varieties Researching the best for our customers since 1881.

ORANGE BLAZE

SV2384DL

70 days. Smooth, cylindrical vigorous roots. Adaptability to muck, mineral and deep peat soils. Easy to harvest with high yield potential.

68 days. Dark orange thick cylindrical roots for mineral or muck soils.

Roots have semi-blunt tips with small cores.

SV4128DL

BOLERO

66 days. Well adapted for mineral soils, nice smooth tubular shaped extra long roots. Strong tops, easy to mechanically harvest.

Tim Clark

Contact Your Area Territory Manager:

WI, MN, IA, NE, IL

Tom Dauria NJ, VA, PA

608-609-5884 908-489-4896

Tom Jacobs MI, OH, IN

56-66 days. Very smooth.

Upright, strong tops are attached well. Vigorous, tolerates frost. Very sweet.

Randy DeMay Karen Grybko John Hoffman Bryan Hannigan New York

585-747-3379

Dominic Levari Blake Myers New Jersey

616-307-4322 856-777-0817

The Carbon Robotics LaserWeeder targets one of farming’s most significant challenges: weeds. By leveraging computer vision and laser technology, Carbon Robotics delivers chemicalfree, no-till weed control for specialty crops. The LaserWeeder utilizes thermal energy from industrial lasers to eradicate weeds at the meristem without harming valuable crops or disturbing soil.

Laser weeding is a high-precision solution that improves crop yield, reduces farming costs, and creates sustainable paths for regenerative and organic farming. A single LaserWeeder can weed 15 to 20 acres per day and eliminate up to 100,000 weeds per hour.

Carbon Robotics’ 2021 models are sold out, but new models for the 2022 growing season are available for preorder.

Visit carbonrobotics.com.

NY, PA, MA, CT

585-303-3252

ME, VT NH, RI, MA

OH, IN, IL, MO

Tom Pagels

James Young

609-247-7140

616-250-0329

603-654-5362 NJ, MD, DE, PA

419-388-6731

NJ, DE, MD

609-440-3685

MI, OH, IN

— Quality Seed Since 1881 — 800-962-4999 │www.stokeseeds.com │ 13031 Reflections Dr Holland MI 49424 12

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Photo courtesy Carbon Robotics

Crop Insurance: Exploring the Options

By Ben Thiel, Director, Risk Management Agency, USDA

S

ummer 2021 was unprecedented in how hot and dry it was. How did your crops fair? The yields and quality for crops produced on dryland this year might not have been very good. Perhaps some crops under irrigation looked good, but others didn’t. The lack of moisture and record high temperatures made for tough growing conditions for many crops in the Pacific Northwest. Depending on your location and crops grown, you might have experienced similar challenges.

The question that I would pose is what if this year isn’t the worst we will see for extreme weather risk? Would you be able to financially withstand consecutive loss years like 2021 with your current level of crop insurance? If your farming operation relies on irrigation water, how comfortable do you feel about having an adequate

water supply next year or in future years if current conditions persist?

For various reasons, some producers don’t use crop insurance or buy only bare minimum coverage. The majority of producers who do utilize crop insurance probably have settled into a familiar pattern of the same form of insurance from year to year.

However, I believe your crop insurance agent would be willing to discuss other options that could be available to improve your risk management in future years. A crop insurance agent is also available to those who are new to crop insurance. It doesn’t hurt to review costs with an agent and explore the type of risk you would like to cover with crop insurance. Crop insurance agents and insurance companies don’t compete for your business by price

but rather by service. Exploring options for additional coverage can be as simple as increasing your coverage level or inquiring about adding additional insurance policies such as Whole Farm Revenue Protection (WFRP), Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO) and Enhanced Coverage Option (ECO). The sales closing date, which is the last day to purchase insurance, can vary by crop and county.

To see what crops are insurable in your county and the respective dates, visit webapp.rma.usda.gov/apps/ actuarialinformationbrowser. A list of crop insurance agents is available at all USDA service centers and online at www.rma. usda.gov/en/information-tools/agentlocator-page. To learn more about crop insurance and the modern farm safety net, visit www.rma.usda.gov.

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For more information contact: Merek Dorf | m.dorf@rijkzwaan.com

Rijk Zwaan USA & Canada | rijkzwaanusa.com

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In the News USDA Displays Trial Results

Carrot breeders, growers and others from the industry gathered in Madison, Wisconsin, Sept. 16 to view the results of the USDA-ARS and University of Wisconsin hybrid carrot trial. The annual trial includes commercially available varieties from seed companies and experimental hybrids from the USDA cooperative breeding program.

The roots were grown in sandy soil at Paul Miller Farms before being harvested and displayed on the University of Wisconsin campus. Entries included 56 baby, 51 cello and 39 novel carrot hybrids.

The purpose of the trial is to provide a side-by-side comparison of different varieties and to find new improved cultivars from the experimental lines.

Vive Crop Protection Wins Award

Vive Crop Protection has been selected as the “Crop Protection Solution of the Year” in the 2021 AgTech Breakthrough Awards.

Vive Crop Protection has created six new fungicide and insecticide products using trusted active ingredients with its patented nano-polymer Allosperse Delivery System technology. Allosperse allows previously incompatible products to be mixed with liquid fertilizer and other crop inputs and applied in one application.

“Developing novel active ingredients can take decades and cost millions of dollars,” said Bryan Vaughn, managing director of AgTech Breakthrough Awards.

“Vive Crop Protection has put its focus on making existing active ingredients more efficient and able to be applied differently, allowing growers to use proven active ingredients in new ways to create onfarm efficiency and value. This includes both biological and chemical active ingredients, which Vive can easily deliver in the same jug.”

New kids on the block Olancha & Jacinto When growing carrots for the fresh market in the USA, it’s all about taste, seed uniformity and suitability for

mechanical sowing and harvesting. By the development of Jacinto and Olancha, these characteristics were at center stage. Find out everything about our carrot varieties on popvriendseeds.com/usa/carrots

OLANCHA

VERY HIGH FIELD DUR ABILIT Y AND UNIFORMIT Y

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G R E AT F L AV O R

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HIGHER PROCESSING PERFORMANCE G O O D T O P AT TA C H M E N T

JACINTO

I M P E R AT O R C E L L O

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E X C E L L E N T F L AV O R

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GOOD CORE DEFINITION

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I M P E R AT O R C U T & P E E L

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OFFICIAL DEALERS

G R E AT D U R A B I L I T Y A N D U N I F O R M I T Y S T R O N G H E A LT H Y T O P S

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Pine Higgins Technical Carrot Advisor +1 (831) 524-0161 phiggins@popvriendseeds.com popvriendseeds.com/usa pine_popvriendseeds

Scan f

QR code to view all Bejo Crop Segments from the 2021 Virtual Open House!

Exploring nature never stops

WINTER AND SPRING SUGGESTIONS FROM BEJO NARVIK

JEFFERSON (B-3188)

ALCALA

SILVIA (BE 3171)

Refined cylindrical early nantes with good taste, storage and washing quality.

Very upright tops.

Nice cello carrot, smooth, good length, very uniform. Nice color and nice flavor. Maturity 75 – 80 days.

IR: Ar/Cc/Ps,Pv

IR: Ad/Ar/Ps,Pv

76-78 day maturity. Versatile and vigorous variety for main and cool season market in the Southeast. Strong plant with self wrapping habit. Produces smooth, attractive, firm heads.

Snowy white appearance.

Adapted for spring and fall production.

HR: Foc

bejoseeds.com f

Jan van der Heide, Northeast Market Manager f

E: j.vanderheide@bejoseeds.com | T: 805-689-1783

Bejo Seeds Inc. (main office) 1972 Silver Spur Pl. f

Oceano, CA | T: 805- 473-2199 | E: info@bejoseeds.com

Calendar

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A top choice for small spaces. These very compact plants grow just 18-24 in. tall and tightly packed on the stalk with 4550 sprouts per stalk. This early maturing variety produces sprouts that are packed with nutrition. For the best, sweetest flavor, we recommend harvesting Silvia Hybrid Brussels Sprouts after frost in the fall

Advertiser Index Aug. 29-30, 2022 International Carrot Conference Mt. Vernon, Wash.

Sheri Nolan, snolan@agmgt.com

Nov. 17-18 Pacific Northwest Vegetable Association Conference and Trade Show Three Rivers Convention Center Kennewick, Wash. www.pnva.org

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Dec. 7-9 Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable and Farm Market EXPO DeVos Place Conference Center Grand Rapids, Mich. www.glexpo.com

Editor’s note: To have your event listed, please email Denise Keller, at editor@ColumbiaMediaGroup.com.

Please send your information 90 days in advance.

Asa-Lift ...............................3 Bejo ..................................15 Kerian .................................7 Pop Vriend ........................14 Stokes...............................12 Rijk Zwaan ........................13 Univerco ...........................16 Vogel................................. 11

To advertise: Call or Text Dave: 208.520.6461 CarrotCountry.com

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