Commerce City Sentinel Express February 20, 2025

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Adams 14 early learning centers shine

Colorado Shines has recognized the improvements of two of Adams 14’s early childhood education centers, Sanville Preschool Center and STARS Early Learning Center, with a Level 4 rating. e rating, which re ects an advanced commitment to quality instruction, programming and continuous improvement, is a signi cant increase from their previous Level 1 rating, which signi ed basic licensing requirements. e two preschools o cially joined the Colorado Shines program in 2020, and the Level 4 certi cation is valid through June 30, 2030.

“We are incredibly proud of this achievement, as it re ects our dedication to fostering high-quality early learning en-

vironments,” Adams 14 Superintendent Karla Loria said in a statement. “ is recognition afrms our educators’ hard work and commitment to nurturing the development of our youngest learners.”

e jump from Level 1 to Level 4, out of ve possible levels in the Colorado Shines system, underscores the dedication and hard work of the district’s early childhood education team, said Luciana Stokley, principal and Early Childhood Education Coordinator for the district.

“When I joined the program ve years ago, we were at Level 1. is year, we nally had the time to get the necessary ratings and evaluations completed,” Stokley said. “Moving from a Level 1 to a Level 4 re ects the hard work the team puts in and their dedication to what we’re here for our students.”

e process of improving

their rating involved several key steps, including increasing sta training and focusing on “holistic” child development.

“One of our main priorities has been ensuring that all of our sta have the appropriate training and support to manage their many responsibilities,” Stokley said. Lead teachers at both centers are licensed educators, while paraprofessionals are group leader-quali ed. Sta training goes beyond the basics of licensing compliance to focus on multiple developmental areas.

“We make sure that all of our sta , whether certi ed or not certi ed, have the same background in how to support and teach not just literacy and math, but also physical, language and social-emotional development,” Stokley said.

e district also celebrated the role that families play in early childhood education.

“Families played a huge role in helping us reach this milestone,” Stokley said. “Our preschool teachers and classroom teams maintain regular, consistent communication with families. ey check in daily about how the day went at school, and how the morning was, on the way to school.” at kind of open communication makes a big di erence, she said.

Families are encouraged to play an active role in their child’s education, rather than just pick them up at the end of the day. ey often are invited in to participate in classroom activities, and the district welcomes parent feedback on their experiences. is helps the centers continuously improve and adapt to their communities’ needs.

Questions and answers about immigration law

Questions are swirling about how the Trump administration’s new immigration policies will continue to a ect Colorado, especially after federal agents went door to door in Denver and Aurora on Feb. 5 detaining an unknown number of people.

Could an immigration enforcement operation like the 2006 raid of a Greeley meatpacking plant that resulted in 262 arrests happen again? Would hiding in a church to avoid deportation, like Jeanette Vizguerra did during the last Trump administration, work now?

Here are answers to some major immigration questions.

Can local law enforcement arrest someone for their immigration status?

No. Under Colorado law passed in 2019, local law enforcement o cers are not allowed to make an arrest or detain a person based solely on their immigration status or an ICE request.

ey also are barred under state law from notifying ICE about the immigration status of someone in their custody. However, if law o cers arrest someone who has an ICE detainer, they can notify ICE when that person is being released from custody. ey cannot, however, detain people after their release in order to facilitate pickup by ICE.

SPECIAL TO COLORADO COMMUNITY MEDIA
Adams 14’s process of improving their rating involved several key steps, including increasing sta training and focusing on “holistic” child development. SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGE

Anythink Commerce City o ers free way to do taxes

Tax season has begun, and while many scramble to get their documents together to le their taxes, Anythink Commerce City is o ering free assistance every rst and third Saturday until April, in partnership with Adams County Health Department and Tax Help Colorado.

e partnership began last year, and 77 di erent tax returns were led for Adams County residents, with a total amount of refund around $200,000. Experts also answered questions for an additional 27 people who needed help in ling their taxes.

“It’s a valuable resource that’s free for our community and our patrons,” said Jacob Pacheco, Adult Services Librarian at Anythink Commerce City. “We’ve been able to join forces and create a resource that is extremely valuable.”

e Anythink tax preparation assistance, featuring IRS-certi ed preparers, is available to households who had incomes of $67,000 or less in 2024. Participants can also see if they are eligible for the Family A ordability Tax Credit, which o ers a refundable credit up to $3,200 for children under six years old, and up to $2,400 for each child between six and 16.

e preparation sessions are o ered in English, Spanish, Arabic and other languages.

“It’s important to o er language accessibility to be inclusive, to have a greater reach to

Community Reach honors community with awards

Ciancio awards set for April 23

Community Reach Center will recognize and honor local volunteers and those who simply make the community better with the annual Mary Cianco Memorial annual Service Award Dinner April 23 at the Establishment in Westminster. e evening will recognize and honor one youth and one adult volunteer who has made a profound impact through their community service in Adams County. e award pays tribute to the legacy of Mary Ciancio, a tireless advocate for individuals facing mental health challenges.

“We are thrilled to celebrate the incredible contributions of volunteers who work to strengthen our community,” said Gabbie Jablonski, Marketing & Communications Manager at Community Reach Center. “Mary Ciancio dedicated her life to supporting those in need across Adams County, and this event continues her mission by recognizing individuals who embody her spirit of service.”

Community members, local leaders, and supporters of volunteerism are encouraged to attend this inspiring evening of recognition and appreciation. e event will feature a formal award presentation, remarks from community leaders and the opportunity to connect with others who share a passion for community service.

Community Reach Center is accepting nominations for the 2025 Mary Ciancio Memorial Distinguished Service Award. Please nominate an outstanding youth and adult volunteer who has made a meaningful impact in Adams County through the submission form online, at https://tinyurl.com/5e985b5f. Nominations must be received no later than April 7. For more information or to RSVP, please visit https://tinyurl. com/5886nk5s or contact Gabbie Jablonski at g.jablonski@ communityreachcenter.org.

meet people where they’re at and to allow the translation of those other languages to not be a barrier for (participants) in receiving the help that they need,” Pacheco said.

Pacheco said that the program is a way to save money and gain access to resources that perhaps are not available to folks.

“It’s saving them a couple hundred dollars that they would have to pay if they went to H&R Block or somewhere else that charges. is resource through Adams County is free. ere’s no cost to them for getting their taxes led by a certi ed tax preparer,” Pacheco said. “ e other

concern that I think patrons would have is maybe they don’t feel comfortable ling their own taxes or maybe they don’t have access to computers or the resources to le themselves.”

To ensure that the session goes smoothly when participants visit the library, Pacheco o ers three tips.

“Show up early because it’s rst come, rst serve. is resource is from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., which is a long period, but there are times when the list gets full,” Pacheco said. “ e second thing I would say is to make sure that they have all of their documentation with them.” ose documents include

photo identi cation, Social Security cards or Individual Taxpayer Identi cation Numbers, W2s, 1099s or other federal forms showing incomeand bank information with an account number and bank routing number, if you opt for direct deposit of any refund.

“One more tip I would say is, be patient with the tax preparers. ey’re really here as a free resource and to help save money. ey’re prepared to answer any tax-related questions,” Pacheco said.

For more information on Anythink Commerce City’s upcoming Tax Preparation session, click here.

Adams County focus of Super Bowl DUI patrols

Adams

County has experienced 85 fatal

crashes

and 380 crashes causing serious bodily injury since 2020

Adams County drew plenty of attention over Super Bowl weekend from the Colorado State Patrol and Adams County sheri ’s deputies to discourage drunk driving during the big game.

e Colorado State Patrol Statewide DUI Team, Adams County Sheri ’s O ce and local state Troopers all took part in the saturation event in Adams County from Feb. 8 through early Monday morning, Feb. 10. Trooper made 151 tra c contacts and arrested 18 impaired drivers during the operation. According to a State Patrol news release. ere was also one

property damage crash involving an impaired driver.

e weekend operation was focused on deterring impaired driving on major tra c arteries and feeder roads in the county. While impaired driving was the focus, any dangerous driving behavior observed or reported was addressed, according to the news release.

e Patrol states that Adams County has experienced 85 fatality crashes and 380 crashes that have caused serious bodily injury since 2020.

“ at’s 85 families who have been devastated by the loss of a loved one and at least 380 others who have su ered severe trauma; some life-altering,” the news release states.

Most of these incidents occurred on Friday and Saturday evenings, according to the Patrol.

e leading causes of these crashes were lane violations involving speeding, distracted driving and impaired driving, the Patrol states.

e agency is asking the public for assistance in reporting suspected impaired drivers.

e driver should be avoided by getting out of the way. en, contact the Colorado State Patrol after you pull over by calling *CSP (*277), 9-1-1, or 303-2394522.

Be prepared to provide a vehicle description, license plate number, location and direction of travel, driver description and

Anythink Commerce City hosts free tax preparation sessions for the community in partnership with Adams County. Credit: Stock image FILE PHOTO

If You Don’t Find the Home You’re Looking for, We Have the Tools to Find On e That’s Not on the MLS

I took a class recently in which I learned to use a tool for searching public records in the same way that agents can search the MLS, using criteria that even the MLS doesn’t have. Now, if you can’t find a home for sale that meets your needs, we know how to conduct a search of all homes using those same criteria and reach out to the home owners to see if they would sell to you.

whether the home is owner occupied or a rental, and other criteria, including:

Deck

Swimming Pool

Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU)

By the way, this tool is only available to agents who are Realtors — that is, members of the local and national Realtor association. Only about half of Colorado’s licensed real estate agents are Realtors.

Here’s how it works. Although not always up-to-date because of homeowners who did not get permits for certain improvements to their homes, the public records do contain extensive information that can be searched using this tool.

We can search not only for style, square footage, bedrooms, bathrooms and lot size, but also for finished or unfinished basements,

Barn

Workshop

Corner lot or cul-de-sac

Fireplace

Estimated value

The estimated value is not the assessor’s valuation which is often inaccurate and, at any rate, not current. The assessor’s valuation is as of June 30th of the previous even numbered year (2024). This tool’s valuation is based on recent comparable sales from both the MLS and off-MLS transactions.

Last, but definitely not least, we can search for homes that were purchased over 5, 10, 15 or 20 years ago. Owners who purchased their home less than five years ago are least likely to be interested in selling, so we don’t bother.

By the way, this same tool can also be used instead of the MLS itself to search MLS listings using those same search criteria above, many of which are not available on MLS

searches. Also, we can add any other search criteria that is important to you, not just the ones listed above, using a key word search. These can include anything — sauna, walk-in bathtub, or you-name-it (literally).

Another important criterion for any buyer is location. You can specify any area, city or subdivision — or multiple areas and subdivisions.

So, let’s say, hypothetically, that you would like us to solicit owners of two-story homes with Littleton addresses but not in Douglas County that were purchased over 10 years ago. The home must have 3-4 bedrooms and 2 or more bathrooms, and it must have a 3-car garage, a finished basement and a workshop. You will consider homes with a valuation up to $900,000. The house should be not more than 30 years old, and it must be owneroccupied.

Working with those criteria, we come up with an Excel spreadsheet which includes the address and name of the owner. Using a separate app, we could add to the spreadsheet the landline and cell number of each owner .

Using a mail-merge program, we could send individually printed letters in individually printed envelopes saying that we have a

Have You Heard of ‘Pig Butchering’? It the Latest, Most Dangerous Kind of Scam

We all know someone who has been scammed. My own sister lost $15,000 to a scammer. Since starting this column/ad in 2003, I have warned readers at least ten times about rental scams, and a few months ago I described how a scammer listed a parcel of land he didn’t own with us, and we only found out that was the case when the title company sent a FedEx letter to the owner of record to verify the transaction before it was “sold” to a neighbor.

In my April 6, 2017, column I wrote about a Golden man whom I met because he wanted to buy a million-dollar property once his “inheritance” arrived from his Nigerian scammer. I couldn’t convince him he was being scammed, and he died penniless and homeless, still clinging to his dream.

You and those you know probably have your own stories about scammers.

Recently I came across of an 8-part podcast by Economist Podcasts called “Scam, Inc.” I strongly recommend listening to it.

(It costs a couple dollars per month to subscribe to all Economist podcasts, but this one is worth every penny by itself, and you can cancel after you’ve listened to it.)

“Pig butchering,” I learned, is a Chinese term. Pork is their most precious meat, and the scam entails finding the “pig” (you), building a pig sty (messaging by text or on WhatsApp), feeding it (building rapport, and eventually guiding the person to invest in crypto), rewarding it (showing phony paper returns on the crypto investment), and ultimately butchering it (taking all your funds before you realize the investment was a hoax). Pig butchering take a lot of time.

It sounds a lot like what Bernie Madoff did, doesn’t it? But this is done by Englishspeaking Southeast Asians, mostly in Myanmar, who find a reason never to betray themselves by speaking to you on the phone, where you would recognize they’re not who they pretend to be.

Sometimes, but not always, these are ro-

Just Listed: 2-Bedroom Townhome in Lakewood

mance scams, where the scammer gradually convinces you of their love and provides pictures which are stolen off the internet. The first example in the Scam, Inc. podcast, however, was of a Kansas bank president who was conned into investing his bank’s reserves in crypto by a non-romance scammer who simply appealed to the banker’s desire for self-enrichment. He lost $42 million of the bank’s money. The bank was ultimately forced out of business. No one who knew the president could believe what he had done.

Here’s a bit of advice I learned. Take the picture you received from a possible scammer and go to the search field of Google.com. At the right of that field next to the microphone icon is an icon which says “Search by image” when you float your cursor over it. Click on that icon, drag or upload a picture, and it will instantly show you everywhere that picture appears. I uploaded my own picture and, fortunately, it only showed my own websites.

Again, please listen to the “Scam, Inc.” podcast. You’ll learn a lot you need to know.

buyer who is looking for a home like theirs. We could also call the owners or give you the list and let you call them after you’ve signed a buyer agency agreement with us. (This would require that the home is not listed by another agent, which we can confirm.)

This tool can also be used to search expired listings without the use of lead generation services which often provide faulty or out-ofdate data and don’t verify that the home has not been relisted by another agent. Although the inventory of homes for sale is much greater than it has been, this tool allows us to open up the whole universe of homes, whether for sale or not, which match your specific desires. If this sounds like something you’d like us to play with on your behalf, call me or any of our broker associates (listed below) and we’ll get to work for you.

Is Your Home Wildfire Ready?

My January 13, 2025, column described ways in which homes could be made fireresistant. If you read that article on our blog, http://realestatetoday.substack.com, you saw multiple links to articles and reports from Colorado to California on how to harden you home against wildfire. Since then, I became aware of a website, www.RotaryWildfireReady.com, created by the Rotary Clubs of Evergreen, Conifer, Boulder and Mountain Foothills, in cooperation with fire departments, community leaders and Fire Adapted Colorado. You’ll be impressed, as I was, by how comprehensive this website is, providing a wide array of advice and resources, not just on hardening your home but on preparing for the eventuality of an evacuation order.

Environmental Film Festival

The Colorado Environmental Film Festival runs this weekend, Feb. 21-23 at the Green Center, 924 16th Street, Golden, on the campus of the Colorado School of Mines. I wrote about the festival in last week’s column.

You can study the three-day schedule at https://ceff2025.eventive.org/schedule and buy tickets at https://ceff.net/tickets

If you go, look for our booth in the EcoExpo, where you can browse the display of current solar-powered homes and let us know if you’d like to see any of them.

Don’t miss this remodeled two-bedroom, one-bathroom townhome at 3355 S. Flower #59, in the quiet Jefferson Green subdivision northeast of Highway 285 and Kipling Street. Features include new luxury wood-look vinyl flooring throughout the first floor, new lighting fixtures, new stainless steel sink and range. The fully tiled bathroom has a new vanity and lighting. The bedrooms have new carpeting, ceiling fans, and the primary bedroom has a walk-in closet. There are newer windows throughout. The LG washer and dryer are included. Also included is one space in the 2-car shared garage, with a storage area included. A second designated parking spot is in the parking lot. This home is move-in ready! Listing agent David Dlugasch has created a narrated video walk-through which you’ll find along with lots of magazine-quality pictures at www.GRElistings.com. He’ll be holding it open this Saturday, February 22nd, from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. Or call him at 303-908-4835 to arrange a private showing.

$785,000

Meticulously maintained with many quality upgrades, this turnkey patio home at 2601 S. Kipling Court is ready for new owners. Located in a private gated community, it is two blocks from Bear Creek Park. The large main level has vaulted ceilings and south facing windows that provide plenty of natural light. The spacious main floor is 1,911 square feet and features an updated kitchen with quartz countertops, gas range and stainless steel appliances. The living room is open to the kitchen and dining areas and has a stacked rock gas fireplace. The large primary bedroom with a 5-piece bath has a sliding door to access the outdoor patio. The main level also includes a second bedroom, a 3/4 guest bathroom and an office space. Quality wood flooring, lighting, handrails and paint add to the cozy ambience. There is a large main-floor laundry with built-in cabinets and utility sink (washer and dryer included). The basement is professionally finished with 9-foot ceilings, family room, bar, pool room (with custom pool table included), a 3rd bedroom and 3rd bath, and a large 350-sq.-ft. storage area. There is a newer furnace and A/C, as well as new garage door and opener. The seller is open to selling any furniture in the home. Find additional photos and view a narrated video walk-through at www.GRElistings.com. To arrange a showing, call listing agent Jim Swanson on his cell phone anytime, 303-929-2929.

Golden Real Estate lists and sells residential properties across the entire metro area.

Small towns brace for costly fixes over PFAS

Renee Ho man was never thrilled about the water quality at her house in Sleepy Bear Mobile Home Park on the outskirts of Steamboat Springs.

“It just didn’t taste great,” she said. “It had that kind of calcium buildup and stu .”

But one day in 2023, she got a letter from the mobile home park management that made her distrust her tap in a whole new way.

“ is drinking water notice came through, telling us that there was PFAS in the water,” she said.

Poly uoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, are a class of compounds sometimes called “forever chemicals” because they don’t break down naturally in the environment.

“PFAS are ubiquitous,” said Zach Schafer, director for policy at the Environmental Protection Agency’s O ce of Water. “ ey’re used in countless products that we use every day, whether it’s nonstick cookware or waterproof clothing. It’s used in stain resistant carpets. It’s used in reghting foam. And it’s very useful, which is why it’s been used since the 1940s.”

But PFAS are also very harmful. Exposure to even a small amount of some PFAS compounds, like Per uorooctanoic acid, or PFOA, and Per uorooctanesulfonic acid, or PFOS, can disrupt immune response, liver and thyroid function and cause heart disease and cancer. ey can also a ect developing fetuses.

“We’re increasingly learning that some PFAS that we’ve studied a great deal have pretty serious adverse health e ects at very, very low levels,” Schafer said. “Based on the latest science, there really is no safe level in drinking water.” e notice that Ho man received included information from the Colorado

Department of Public Health and Environment informing her that the shallow water well supplying her small neighborhood had tested positive for PFOA and PFOS. e letter included a warning about the potential health impacts of exposure.

“I almost threw it out,” she said. “But I’m glad I opened it because I wouldn’t have heard of it any other way.”

e letter o ered some recommendations for reducing exposure but stopped short of telling residents to stop drinking their tap water, “as current health advisories are based on a lifetime of exposure.” at did little to reassure Ho man that the water was safe for her family.

“We stopped giving it to our animals, stopped using it to cook noodles and things like that. We just stopped using it altogether,” she said.

New drinking water standards

Last year, the EPA created new drinking water standards that limit PFOA and PFOS to less than 4 parts per trillion, which is the smallest concentration tests can reliably detect. But PFAS have already worked their way from industrial sources into drinking supplies across the country.

e EPA estimates between 6% and 10% of the nation’s utilities are contaminated. ey have until 2029 to x the problem.

“We are going to save thousands of lives, prevent tens of thousands of avoidable illnesses, and reduce the levels of PFAS in more than 100 million people’s drinking water nationwide,” Schafer said. e new rules will require all water systems across the country to start monitoring PFAS by 2027. But some states are ahead of the curve. e Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment launched a free, voluntary testing program in 2020 and state o cials report that so far, about two-thirds of the state’s

water utilities have opted in. rough that program, the state has already identi ed 29 water systems, in communities large and small, with a PFAS problem that needs to be addressed.

For the most part, the point of contamination remains a mystery and public health o cials are more focused on removing the chemicals than discovering their source.

“Rarely can we trace the levels we detect in drinking water back to speci c sources of PFAS contamination,” a CDPHE representative wrote in an email. “Our focus is to help our public water systems assess PFAS levels in their drinking water and reduce exposure.”

e good news, according to Schafer, is that the technology to remove PFAS from

drinking water already exists and is readily available.

“ ose include activated carbon ion exchange and reverse osmosis,” he said. But for some utilities, it might make more sense to reduce their reliance on or simply stop using a contaminated water source.

“Depending on the speci c characteristics, the size and the needs of a water system, they can choose how to meet the standard,” Schafer said. “It’s going to vary based on what PFAS are in their water, at what levels, and what the design of the water treatment system already is. So, it really isn’t going to be a one-size- ts-all approach.”

Sleepy Bear Mobile Home Park resident Renee Ho man washes dishes at her kitchen sink on Jan. 21, 2025. After learning that her neighborhood water system is contaminated with PFAS, Ho man started to distrust her tap and stopped using tap water for most household purposes. After washing the dishes, she carefully wipes them down, out of an abundance of caution. PHOTO

Commerce City

BRIEFS

Concert for a Cause at Brighton Armory

e Richard Lambert Foundation will host Denver-based bands Mz. Vendetta and Buck. at 6 p.m. March 1 at the Brighton Armory , 300 Strong St. in Brighton.

Tickets are $25 and sponsorships are available online at FlutterbyGives.org.

e Richard Lambert Foundation runs Brighton’s Family Grief & Healing Center, providing grief support groups and professional counseling with the goal of inspiring hope, facilitating healing and guiding the bereaved in rebuilding a meaningful life intertwined with their grief.

Mz. Vendetta is powerhouse band with four incredibly talented female musicians. Established in late 2022, the band blends the classic rock vibes of the 70s, 80s, and 90s with their own music.

ey’ll be joined by Buck, a Denver-based band that’s bringing a fresh twist to the classic sounds of blues, funk, and rock. With their original compositions, Buck delivers a sound that’s both familiar and innovative.

winner from each Go for Launch event.   e winning experiment will be launched to board the International Space Station or a suborbital ight. Michelle Lucas is the founder and CEO of Higher Orbits.

For more information about the Higher Orbits event, visit www.higherorbits.org.  To sponsor the event, go to sponsors@higherobits.org. To call for information at 281-451-5343.

Adams County Launches O ce of Strategic Partnerships & Resilient Communities

Adams County’s Executive Leadership Team is excited to announce the creation of the Ofce of Strategic Partnerships & Resilient Communities to serve the community more e ectively.

Sponsorships start at $200, which includes a table, four admissions and drink tickets. A $500 Gold sponsorship gets two tables with eight admissions and drink tickets and access to a VIP area. A $1,000 Platinum sponsorship gets three tables, 12 admission and tickets, VIP access and early admission for a pizza buffet.

Reunion developer o ers survey

e goal of SPARC is to enhance the way the county builds and sustains partnerships, both internally and with external organizations.

e team is led by Adminstrator Daniela Garcia, who played a key role in establishing SPARC for Adams County. She leads efforts to secure diverse funding, promote equitable resource distribution, and empower communities to foster resilience and prosperity.

e team will collaborate with partners to foster ongoing engagement with programming and organizations in the community, and remain a reliable place where anyone can turn when challenges arise and resources are needed.

Oakwood Homes, the master developer of Reunion, has launched a community engagement and visioning process titled “What’s Next, Reunion?” to nd out what the community wants for the future of Reunion. ose who live, work or play in Reunion are encouraged to visit whatsnextreunion.com online to complete the community survey. Oakwood Homes will gather input and create actionable plans for Reunion that re ect the shared goals of residents, local partners and Commerce City. e survey is the rst step in a long-term plan to provide additional programming and cultural activities to improve quality of life for Reunion residents.

e survey will close Friday, March 7.

Go For Launch

Colorado Air & Space Port is hosting a Higher Orbits for students from 8th and 12th grades to expand their STEM skill sets learning with teamwork, communications, research design, and leadership.

Students would get to work with an astronaut, Captain Wendy Lawerence, and work on an experiment design project during the event, learning, growing, and developing skills to succeed throughout their lives.

Ed Engle.

Hours are 10 a.m.-6 p.m. Fri.; 9 a.m.-5:30 p.m. Sat; and 9 a.m.4:30 p.m. Sun.

Admission is $20 for one day, $35 for two days and $45 for three.  Children under age 5 are free as are Boy and Girl Scouts under age 16 in uniform.  Children 6-12 are $5.  Active military with an ID are $10.

Snow Trooper helps get you through the storm

When the akes start falling, Commerce City Public Works hits the road to plow nearly 300 lane miles of streets in the city.

To help you prepare for a safe commute, the city’s online Snow Trooper map shows which roads have been plowed and how recently. Visit snowtrooper.c3gov. com to see the treatment map and priority level of streets along your route.

As a reminder, the city does not plow state roads, such as Highway 85, Interstates 270 and 76, and Brighton Boulevard. Learn more about the city’s snow response plan at c3gov.com/Snow.

Legal self-help clinic

e Access to Justice Committee hosts a free, legal self-help clinic from 2 to 3:30 p.m. on the rst Tuesday of every month. e program is for those without legal representation and needing help navigating through legal issues.

announce that 2024 business grants are now available to support your business endeavors.

Sta at the center can assist residents by helping to identify grants that align with their business goals and industry, providing guidance through the application process, ensuring that they have the best chance of success and providing other valuable resources for local business.

To get started, visit our website at https://businessinthornton. com/local-business/small-business-support-programs/business- nancial-assistance.

CCPD o ers online crime reporting form

Learn more at sparc.adcogov. org.

2024 Healthy Farmers Markets Survey

e Adams County Health Department is hoping that anyone who attended one of the Healthy Farmers Markets they hosted hosted in 2024 will o er feedback on how to improve these events for 2025.

e survey is available on the Health Department’s Website and at at bit.ly/4jBvrh5.

ose who take the survey before Monday, April 21, will be entered to win a $50 gift card.

Gaylord hosts flyfishing show

e student teams will present their project to a panel of judges who work in the Space and STEM elds. ey will choose a

e Commerce City Police Department has a new online reporting tool allowing the public to report some non-emergency crimes and receive a police report immediately without speaking to a police o cer.

Community members can now conveniently report incidents that do not require immediate o cer intervention, such as fraud, identity theft, lost property, theft/shoplifting (less than $2,000), and vandalism.

e new form is online now in English and Spanish at c3gov. com/ReportACrime. Residents should always call 911 for emergencies.

‘Taking No Chances’

Volunteer attorneys are available to discuss family law, civil litigation, property, and probate law. Call 303-405-3298 and ask for the Legal Self-Help Clinic at least 24 hours before.

e 23rd annual Denver Fly Fishing Show kicks o the season Feb. 21 at the Gaylord Rockies Resort & Convention Center, 6700 No. Gaylord Rockies Blvd. e Fly Fishing Show will include 31 classes with experts.  Class registration is $95 except for a day-long advanced casting class jointly conducted by Dr. Gary Borger and Mac Brown a day before the show opening on Feb. 20. Tuition is $625.

Among the experts’ classes areIncrease Your Distance with Mac Brown, Casting with Alice Owsley, Conquering Chironomids Master Class with Phil Rowley, Tying Euro Nymphs and Other Competition Favorites with Tim Cammisa, e Perfect Cast with Gary Borger, Master Class: Fly Fishing Tailwaters with Pat Dorsey, and Practical Nymphing with

Nominations needed for 2025

Adams County Mayors and Commissioners Youth Awards

Adams County commissioners and the mayors of municipalities in the county are asking for nominations for the 2025 Adams County Mayors and Commissioners Youth Awards. is award focuses on youth who have triumphed over great odds and serve as inspiration and role models for their peers.

is program recognizes young people in grades 6-12 (up to 20 years old) who have overcome personal adversity to create a positive change in their own lives or for those around them. If you know of an individual who has had this impact on others but is not in a school setting, those nominations will also be accepted.

If you’d like to nominate a student for the ACMCYA, please complete the online nomination form. e deadline to submit nominations is Jan. 31, 2025, but please nominate as soon as possible.

If you have questions, please contact Abby Martinez at the City of Brighton O ce of Youth Services, at 303-655-2186 or agmartinez@brightonco.gov.

Alliance Business Assistance Center grants available

e Alliance Business Assistance Center is excited to

Call first: 143 S. 2nd Pl., Brighton, CO 80601

e 17th Judicial District Attorney’s O ce and e Link, a community resource and assessment center in ornton, o er free, 10-week programs to families of Adams County teenagers to help develop personal and interpersonal drug-resistance skills. Sessions are from 5:30 to 6;30 p.m. Wednesdays. Call 720-292-2811.

Boards/commissions’ openings

Commerce City has openings for several boards and commissions, including the city’s cultural council, the housing authority, and the Derby Review Board. Visit https://www.c3gov.com/ Home/Components/Form/For m/70316b05422c448492c51da0f 0e0fd86/ to sign up.

Mental health

Community Reach Center offers in-person intake assessments from 8 a.m. to noon on Tuesdays at the Brighton Learning and Resource Campus, 1850 E. Egbert St. in Brighton. Call the Community Reach Center at 303-853-3500. For walk-in intake, bring an ID and insurance information. For those who would prefer to complete the intake forms and schedule an appointment, the intake forms are available online at www.communityreachcenter. org. ere will be a short screening for u-like symptoms before entering the center to ensure safety and wellness for everyone.  Anyone feeling unsafe or suicidal should call Colorado Crisis Services at 1-844-493-8255, text 38255, or visit the Behavioral Health Urgent Care (BHUC) Center at 2551 W. 84th Ave., Westminster.

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CLARIFICATION

In the article on the INSPIRE program in the Feb. 13 edition, the group’s organizers would like to clarify that while care for participants may cost as much as $20,000, no family pays that much to attend. The charitable foundation Active 4 All provides financial support.

Violent crime fell in 2024 to pre-pandemic levels

National report says biggest jump in homicides was in Colorado Springs

e number of homicides across the United States declined by 16% in 2024, continuing a recent downward trajectory, according to the latest crime trends report from the Council on Criminal Justice, a nonpartisan think tank.

Homicides spiked during the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and crime became a central focus of President Donald Trump’s 2024 reelection campaign.

Trump insisted that FBI crime data showing declines was “fake” and claimed that crime was “through the roof.” e second Trump administration is expected to adopt a tough-on-crime approach.

State legislatures nationwide also are expected to prioritize a variety of criminal justice measures this year, including prison oversight, illegal immigration, retail theft and policing standards and procedures. Polls show most Americans see crime as a signi cant problem, though fewer than in recent years.

e Council on Criminal Justice, known as CCJ, gathers data from individual law enforcement agencies for its biannual crime trends reports, meaning the data is more recent than the FBI’s annual report. Both the think tank’s and the FBI’s reports,

however, show a similar turnaround in violent crime.

In 2023, criminal homicide — which the FBI de nes as murder or non-negligent manslaughter — was down by 11.6% from the previous year. It was the largest singleyear decline in two decades, according to the FBI’s annual crime report published last year.

e CCJ report shows that the downward trend appears to be continuing, with homicides in 2024 dropping by 16% compared with 2023. at drop equates to 631 fewer homicides in the 29 cities that provided data for the category, according to the council’s report.

If this decrease holds as more jurisdictions report their data to the FBI later this year, 2024 would rank among the largest single-year homicide drops since at least 1960, the start of modern record-keeping, according to the report.

Despite the recent decline in homicides, crime remains a politically salient issue. A majority of Americans — 56% — believe that national crime has increased or consider it an “extremely” or “very” serious problem. But public concern about crime has lessened over the past year, according to Gallup’s annual crime survey.

Perceptions of crime are heavily in uenced by political a liation. e survey found that 60% of Democrats believe crime has decreased over the past year, whereas 90% of Republicans think it has increased.

Some crime experts say that media reports, political messaging and viral social media posts may exaggerate Americans’

Edward Charles Krantz

June 15, 1942 - February 11, 2025

Edward Charles Krantz passed away on February 11, 2025, in Surprise, Arizona. Born on June 15, 1942, in Brighton, Colorado, he lived a life marked by dedication and hard work.

Edward was known for his strong work ethic and commitment to his profession. He took great pride in his career and was a dedicated employee throughout his working years. However, retirement brought him even greater joy as he embraced the opportunity to travel with his wife, Sharon Krantz. Together, they explored Canada, Hawaii, and several destinations in Mexico, creating cherished memories along the way.

worries about disorder, making crimes such as shoplifting and public drug use appear more prevalent than they actually are. Still, some individual cities and neighborhoods may be experiencing higher crime rates, which could further explain these concerns.

ing gun assault, carjacking, motor vehicle theft and drug o enses. Most of these offenses were lower in 2024 than in 2023, with shoplifting being the only exception, showing a 14% increase. Shoplifting also was 1% higher in 2024 compared with 2019.

“We still have problems with crime, still have problems in the criminal justice system, and even though the crime rates are improving, we should not take our focus o crime and criminal justice,” said Ernesto Lopez, the report’s co-author and a senior research specialist with the council, in an interview with Stateline.

Edward is survived by his loving wife, Sharon Krantz; daughters Deeanne Koval and Jana Swartz; son-in-law David Swartz; step-son Steve Mason, daughter-in-law Robin Mason and mother-in-law Betty Mathis, whom he lovingly called “the stubborn old Rooshun”. He was also a cherished grandfather to Richie Koval, Michael Koval, Ryan Swartz, Kyle Swartz, Jeremy Swartz and Cassidy Mason.

Edward’s memory will live on in the hearts of those who knew him. May his legacy of dedication and adventure bring comfort to all who mourn his

Researchers were surprised that shoplifting rates increased last year despite retailers taking more measures to combat it, such as locking up merchandise behind glass. Some experts say that the rise may re ect improved reporting e orts rather than an actual spike in theft.

e council analyzed crime trends in 40 U.S. cities, although not all cities had data available for every type of o ense.

Among the cities studied, 22 saw a decline in homicides last year, with Chandler, Arizona, and Little Rock, Arkansas, recording the largest decreases at 50% and 43%, respectively. Six cities experienced increases, with Colorado Springs leading the way with a 56% jump.

When comparing homicide rates between 2019 and 2024, the council’s study sample saw a 6% decline, largely driven by cities with traditionally high homicide rates, including Baltimore and St. Louis.

Homicides are still above pre-pandemic levels in some cities, including New York City and Washington, D.C. In New York City, for example, there were 382 homicides in 2024 compared with 319 in 2019.

Last year, state legislatures placed a strong emphasis on tackling retail theft, and this momentum is likely to continue into this year, with Maryland lawmakers already considering a bill aimed at addressing large-scale organized retail theft. From 2023 to 2024, incidents of robbery dropped by 10%, carjackings fell by 32%, and motor vehicle theft decreased by 24%.

Violent crimes such as sexual assault, domestic violence and robbery are now below pre-pandemic levels, but aggravated assaults, gun assaults and carjackings remain higher than in 2019, according to the report.

In Washington, D.C., there were 187 homicides in 2024 and 166 in 2019.

e CCJ report also examined trends in other violent and property crimes, includ-

Property crime trends over the past ve years varied. Residential burglaries and larcenies decreased, while nonresidential burglaries increased. Motor vehicle thefts rose by 53%, and drug o enses fell by 28%. is story from Stateline comes courtesy of Colorado Newsline and was made available via the Colorado News Collaborative. For more, and to support the news organization, visit coloradonewsline.com.

KRANTZ

School libraries could get protection from bans

Bill clears state Senate committee

A bill to make it harder to remove books from public school libraries cleared its rst Colorado legislative hurdle Feb. 10. After a three-hour debate, members of the Senate Education Committee approved the bill that would require schools to have a policy on school library book challenges.

e bill stipulates that only parents or legal guardians of children at a school could challenge a book in their child’s library and ask for its removal. It protects school librarians from retaliation and requires that a school’s challenge policy be transparent and posted for the community. It also limits challenges to a book’s place in a library to once every two years.

“It’s never been more important to protect the freedom to read,” said bill sponsor state Sen. Lisa Cutter, a Je erson County Democrat. “Free societies don’t ban books.”

She said the bill would protect school libraries from what’s known as “ban bombing,” where hundreds of requests to ban books bombard school librarians. Book challenges have become more prevalent nationwide. In 2022, Colorado was home to nearly 10 percent of all book challenges, according to the American Library Association.

Challenges have drawn lawsuits

Last August, the Elizabeth school board voted to remove 19 books from library shelves after board members conducted a review for content such as racism, graphic violence and sexual content. Many of the books on the list were written by or about people of color or LGBTQ people, such as “ e Bluest

Eye” by Toni Morrison and “ e Hate U Give” by Angie omas.

School board members called the books “disgusting” or “ugly” and said it was their duty to protect children. Dozens of other books are on a “sensitive list” – including a number of religious books, books like “To Kill A Mockingbird,” “Catcher in the Rye” and “ e Hunger Games” – that allows parents to prohibit their children from checking out the books.

In December the ACLU led a federal lawsuit on behalf of two students and two groups including NAACP of the Rocky Mountains, arguing that the ban violates federal and state free speech protections. It said the book removals deny authors their right to share their books with students free from viewpoint-based censorship.

Passionate testimonials

Dozens of parents and students gave impassioned testimony in support of the bill Feb. 10. ey said that books have opened their minds to new ideas and perspectives and have given them a window into lives very di erent from their own. ey said books spark imagination and are a way to develop critical thinking skills and empathy.

Hripsime Vartanyan, an exchange student from the nation of Georgia, testied for the bill. She explained to legislators that her parents and grandparents grew up in the Soviet Union when books were banned.

“But when I was growing up, there was no Soviet Union. So my parents … they tried for me to have a choice to read whatever book I want. And I’m thankful to them that they give me choice and

the opportunity to be educated and read about the topics that I want, not someone else,” Vartanyan said.

She said she was confused when she heard about books being banned in the United States.

Denisse Solis of Reforma Colorado said her school library was one of the most meaningful parts of her childhood.

“Reading about characters navigating challenges helped me process my own experiences and gave me the words to articulate them. e more I learned, the more I could help my family. Libraries didn’t just make me a better student, they made life better for all of us,” Solis said.

Liz Wilson, co-founder of the Pro-Colorado Education Project, said a small but loud group targeted several books at her daughter’s public charter school. Wilson said the turmoil derailed the productivity of the school’s board, sta and parents from focusing on academics.

“I urge you to pass this bill because without it, Colorado public schools, students and communities will remain vulnerable to chaos, intimidation, and censorship. If we fail to act, these attacks will escalate,” Wilson said.

Erin Meschke, a Boulder resident opposed to the bill, said no one is trying to ban books. Rather, they are trying to make sure books are aligned with standards protecting children from pornography.

“ e majority of books being challenged … graphically portray sex, pedophilia, rape, incest, and other things that have nothing to do with developmentally appropriate interest, education, or enlightenment,” Meschke said.

Rev. Lori Goebel of Faith Now Fellowship said she believes that other people besides parents should be able to lodge complaints against books. She said books that some parents may nd o ensive shouldn’t be in public school libraries.

New books at Glennon Heights Elementary library in Lakewood in 2019. FILE PHOTO

ANSWERS

“If the city receives a release noti cation request from ICE for someone in custody, we will comply,” Denver Mayor Mike Johnston said recently. “However, our law enforcement o cers are not immigration o cers, and we will never ask them to do the work of the federal government via immigration enforcement. e bottom line is Denver will always enforce criminal law and maintain public safety, regardless of an individual’s immigration status.”

Pueblo County Sheri David Lucero said recently that his o ce will not participate in any ICE roundups, but would help support the federal o cers in cases involving criminal charges and for backup if an o cer is in danger.

“If there is something criminal related and we know the o ender is in our county, absolutely we will support them,” Lucero said in a statement. “We will not support any roundup operations. My role isn’t to enforce immigration laws. I am not the federal sheri . My role is to enforce Colorado law and to ensure the safety of the citizens of Pueblo County.”

State law “prohibits depriving a person of their liberty on the basis of a suspected civil immigration violation in the absence of a warrant signed by a judge,” the ACLU said.

Probation o cers are prohibited from sharing information with ICE.

Last year, the Colorado Court of Appeals ruled that the Teller County sheri ’s practice of holding undocumented immigrants in its county jail through an agreement with federal authorities violated state law.

When is it illegal to report someone to ICE?

It is illegal, under a Colorado law passed in 2021, to threaten to report another person’s immigration status to law enforcement to pressure them to perform an act or refrain from performing a lawful act.

Colorado also has a speci c law to protect tenants from this type of threat.

e ACLU of Colorado recently led a lawsuit against an Aurora landlord alleging that the landlord made repeated threats to report tenants to immigration authorities, a violation of Colorado’s Im-

migrant Tenant Protection Act. e Venezuelan tenants said the landlord wanted to evict them, changed the locks without telling them and repeatedly threatened to call ICE if the family did not vacate, the ACLU said. e tenants have pending asylum cases to try to stay in the United States.

Can a federal agent demand a list of residents, employees, students, etc., who do not have Social Security numbers?

Under Colorado law, state agencies cannot share personal identifying information with ICE unless ICE provides a warrant or a subpoena.

State agencies can only collect immigration status when they are required by state or federal law.

Are there “protected areas” in Colorado where federal agents cannot make immigration-related arrests?

e rules on this have recently changed.

e Trump administration last month reversed a 2011 policy that prevented agents from making arrests in sensitive locations, including schools and churches. e policy was made under former President Obama and reinstated under President Biden.

But under the new administration, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security announced the end of that policy and said it is allowing agents more authority to carry out immigration enforcement. is set o panic in some Colorado schools and might have resulted in an increase in absences.

“Criminals will no longer be able to hide in America’s schools and churches to avoid arrest. e Trump Administration will not tie the hands of our brave law enforcement, and instead trusts them to use common sense,” Benjamine Hu man, the acting Homeland Security secretary said Jan. 21.

In addition to schools, the previous federal policy listed several other protected areas, including medical facilities, churches, day care centers, social service centers, funerals and graveside ceremonies and places where there is an ongoing parade, demonstration or rally.

Local elected o cials are opposed but somewhat powerless to stop it.

“We also believe that everyone deserves to be able to get an education, get health care, and worship without fear,” the Denver mayor’s o ce said. “Schools, hospitals and churches are the bedrock of the community and essential to providing

the services that build healthy societies. We strongly oppose immigration enforcement or raids in these sensitive locations and will do everything in our legal authority to protect them.”

ICE cannot make arrests in or around courthouses or when someone is on their way to or from court, under federal policy. In 2017, the First Unitarian Society church in Denver allowed a mother of four who was facing deportation back to Mexico to hide in its building. Jeanette Vizguerra, a housekeeper who was accused of using a made-up Social Security number on a job application, lived in the sanctuary for more than three years before deportation proceedings were halted by the Biden administration.

For what reasons can ICE agents legally arrest someone?

ICE is authorized to arrest individuals suspected of immigration violations. Federal immigration agents can arrest people without legal status, even if they have no criminal record or pending charges.

Immigrant advocacy groups are advising people not to answer their doors at home if ICE knocks. Federal immigration agents are not allowed to enter without a warrant signed by a judge. ICE has not responded to questions about whether it had a warrant for the raids conducted in Denver and Aurora last week. e agency was accompanied by several other federal law o cers, including from the Drug Enforcement Administration, which said it had a warrant.

Can state laws ever supersede federal law on immigration?

No, but states have the power to make laws surrounding immigration as long as they do not con ict with federal law. It’s solely up to the federal government to regulate who can enter the country, yet states have the authority under the Tenth Amendment to limit their involvement in federal immigration enforcement, which is how Colorado is allowed to prohibit local authorities from arresting people because of an immigration detainer. States also can decide things such as whether immigrants need to show proof of legal status to get driver’s licenses. In Colorado, that proof is not required. Federal law restricts undocumented immigrants from receiving federal pub-

For those in search of a full life cultivated from the land, Farmlore represents a wonderful slice of small-town living that harkens back to a time when kids on bikes outnumbered cars, and neighbors could be spotted chatting over coffee or lemonade on the front porch.

Farmlore is located in Brighton, just west of Prairie Center, on 144th Ave.

New homes from $400s
ICE stages in the Best Buy parking lot at 4100 E. Mexico Ave., Feb. 5, 2025, in Denver.
PHOTO BY JEREMY SPARIG / SPECIAL TO THE COLORADO SUN

Schultz to lead Adams County IT department

Jason Schultz is appointed the new Adams County Director of Information Technology & Innovation, according to a Feb. 11 news release.

“Jason’s deep expertise and leadership in IT make him an invaluable asset to Adams County,” said Interim County Manager David Fraser. “His vision for the future of technology will help drive e ciency and enhance services for our community.”

Schultz formerly served as interim director and deputy director for Adams County’s IT department and led it

ANSWERS

lic bene ts, including Medicaid and food assistance. But states have the power to manage some public bene ts as long as they are funded by the state. In 2021, the Colorado legislature made state and local bene ts, including retirement, food assistance, health care and housing, available to undocumented residents.

What rights does someone have after they are detained by ICE? Can they be deported without a hearing?

Only an immigration judge can order someone’s deportation — but there are exceptions.

Immigrants without legal status have a

in developing a ve-year strategic plan to change the department into an IT service-delivery model to assist businesses and customers, according to ofcials.

According to o cials, he has over 30 years of information tech leadership experience, and he was essential in ensuring the digital transformation of strategic planning and operational excellence within the county.

Schultz earned a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from the University of Colorado Denver and is pursuing an Executive Master of Public Administration.

Schultz was formerly the director of

right to defend themselves in a court hearing, as long as they have not been deported previously. ere is also an exception called “expedited removal,” which allows the Department of Homeland Security to deport someone without a hearing.

e rules surrounding expedited removal can change with the administration, and the Trump administration has already “dramatically expanded” the reasons for expedited removal, according to a lawsuit led by the ACLU.

e Trump administration issued a rule Jan. 21 that said expedited removal now applies to people found anywhere in the country who cannot prove they have been in the United States for more than two years. Prior to this, federal agents only used expedited removal against people within 100 miles of the border and within 14 days of their arrival in the country, according to

the IT department of the 17th Judicial District Attorney’s o ce, which serves Adams and Broom eld counties.

He worked on upgrading 17th Judicial District’s Attorney’s o ce technology to create more user-friendly and e cient digital work ows. He also upgraded the judicial digital system to stay ahead of technological advancements.

“I am honored to take on this role and continue advancing the county’s technology strategy,” said Schultz. “By focusing on innovation and servicedriven outcomes, we will ensure Adams County remains at the forefront of digital transformation to serve our residents better.”

the National Immigration Law Center.

Undocumented immigrants have the right to consult an attorney, but the government does not provide one for free the way it does in serious criminal cases. Colorado has more than 77,000 pending immigration cases at the federal courthouse in Denver and inside the ICE detention center in Aurora.

What does it mean that Trump is ending temporary protected status?

It allows them to live and work in the United States while their home countries are facing political or environmental crises, but does not give them permanent

Some of the relatives of people taken during last week’s raids in Denver and Aurora said their loved ones had temporary protected status, a federal designation that grants temporary legal status to people from speci c countries that are facing humanitarian crises. People from Haiti, Afghanistan and Venezuela have been allowed to enter the country in re-

About 600,000 Venezuelans across the country have temporary protected status that had been extended by former President Biden until October 2026. Trump’s new homeland security secretary, Kristi Noem, revoked that extension, meaning the designation for those 600,000 Venezuelans will expire in April.

Migrants whose temporary protected status has expired could face deportation.

is story was printed through a news sharing agreement with e Colorado Sun, a journalist-owned nonpro t based in Denver that covers the state.

LEAP helps eligible Coloradans pay a portion of their winter home heating costs.

LEAP ayuda a los residentes elegibles de Colorado a pagar una parte de sus gastos de calefacción de invierno.

CROWSSUPDRO ELZZ

1. TELEVISION: How many castaways are on “Gilligan’s Island”?

2. GEOGRAPHY: Which Asian nation’s nickname is “Land of the under Dragon”?

3. LITERATURE: What is author J.K. Rowling’s real rst name?

4. SCIENCE: What is a type of material that can’t carry an electrical charge?

5. U.S. STATES: Which state’s nickname is “ e Last Frontier”?

6. MEASUREMENTS: How many quarts are in a half gallon?

7. MOVIES: Which famous landmark is featured in the movie “Rebel Without a Cause”?

8. ANATOMY: What does the cerebellum control in the human brain?

9. U.S. PRESIDENTS: Where is the late Jimmy Carter’s presidential library located?

TrIVIa

10. HISTORY: When did the Great Fire of London occur?

Answers 1. Seven.

2. Bhutan.

3. Joanne.

4. An insulator.

5. Alaska.

6. Two.

7. Gri th Observatory.

8. Movement and balance.

9. Atlanta, Georgia.

10. 1666.

(c) 2025 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Public Notices call Jean 303.566.4123

Legals

City and County

Public Notice

NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING PLANNING COMMISSION COMMERCE CITY, COLORADO

Notice is hereby given that this public hearing will be conducted on Tuesday, March 4, 2025, at 6:00 p.m. at the Commerce City Civic Center, 7887 East 60th Avenue. The Planning Commission will consider:

V25-0001: Revsco Properties is requesting to vacate an access easement, commonly known as East 103rd Place, which is approximately 886 feet in length extending west of Peoria Parkway towards Peoria Street. The subject easement is generally between and East 104th Avenue and the Xcel power lines.

Advance registration for virtual testimony/ public input is required. Additional information and instructions to register for testimony can be found in the published agenda at https://commerce.legistar. com and at https://www.c3gov.com/PC or by contacting staff at 303-227-8777 or cdplanner@c3gov.com. Notificatcion de un Proyecto de Desarrollo potencial cerca de su propiedad. Para servicios de traduccion en espanol, llame a Kimberly Adame 303-227-8818.

The application is on file with the Department of Community Development.

Planning Commission Chairman

Legal Notice No. CCX1585

First Publication: February 20, 2025

Last Publication: February 20, 2025

Publisher: Commerce City Sentinel Express

Public Notice

NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING

Pursuant to Commerce City Land Development Code Sec. 21-2110(4)(e), notice is hereby given that a public hearing will be held by the City Council of Commerce City on March 3, 2025 at 6:00 p.m in a hybrid format, or as soon thereafter. Second reading will be anticipated on April 7, 2025. Persons wishing to testify in person will need to appear at the Council Chambers, Commerce City Civic Center, 7887 E 60th Avenue. Persons wishing to testify virtually must register in advance. Registration information can be found at https://www.c3gov.com/government/ city-council/virtual-meetings or by phone or email requests submitted to the City Clerk at 303-227-8791 or dgibson@

c3gov.com. The hearing will also be broadcast on Channel 8 in Commerce City and livestreamed at https://www. c3gov.com/video.

PUDA23-0004 – Car Wash Pro Designers, on behalf of Nolly Enterprises LLC, is requesting approval of Burlington Northern/Catellus PUD Zone Document

Amendment 6, to modify allowable commercial uses, to specifically allow a car wash. The subject property is approximately 1.06 acres and located at 12411 East 104th Avenue.

BY ORDER OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COMMERCE CITY COLORADO

ATTEST:

Kim Garland, Deputy City Clerk

Legal Notice No. CCX1581

First Publication: February 20, 2025

Last Publication: February 20, 2025

Publisher: Commerce City Sentinel Express

Metropolitan Districts

Public Notice

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS

SOUTH ADAMS FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN , and particularly, to the eligible electors of the SOUTH ADAMS FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT (“District”) of the County of Adams, Colorado.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the District will conduct a regular election on the 6th day of May 2025, between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. At that time, three (3) directors will be elected for a 4-year term expiring in May 2029.

In order to be a candidate for one of the director positions, a qualified individual must submit a Self-Nomination and Acceptance Form. Eligible electors of the District interested in serving on the Board of Directors may obtain a Self-Nomination and Acceptance form from the District’s Designated Election Official (DEO) after January 1st, 2025.

Sue Blair, DEO elections@crsofcolorado.com

Community Resource Services of Colorado

7995 East Prentice Avenue, Suite 103E Greenwood Village, CO 80111

Phone: 303-381-4960

Offices Hours: Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

The Self-Nomination and Acceptance Form must be returned to the Designated Election Official by 5:00 p.m. on Friday,

February 28, 2025. The form can be emailed to elections@crsofcolorado.com.

A Self-Nomination and Acceptance Form that is not sufficient may be amended once at any time before 5:00 p.m. on Friday, February 28, 2025. Earlier submittal is encouraged as the deadline will not permit correcting an insufficient form if received at 5:00 p.m.

Affidavit of Intent To Be A Write-In-Candidate forms must be submitted to the office of the Designated Election Official by the close of business on Monday, March 3, 2025.

NOTICE IS FURTHER GIVEN that an application for an absentee ballot may be filed with the Designated Election Official, at the contact information referenced above, no later than the close of business on Tuesday, April 29, 2025.

SOUTH ADAMS FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT

Sue Blair, Designated Election Official

Legal Notice No. CCX1583

First Publication: February 20, 2025

Last Publication: February 20, 2025

Publisher: Commerce City Sentinel Express

Public Notice

CONVOCATORIA DE CANDIDATURAS

SOUTH ADAMS FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT

A QUIEN CORRESPONDA, y particularmente, a los electores elegibles de la SOUTH ADAMS FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT (“Distrito”) del Condado de Adams, Colorado.

POR LA PRESENTE SE NOTIFICA que el Distrito llevará a cabo una elección regular el día 6 de Mayo de 2025, entre las 7:00 a.m. y las 7:00 p.m. En ese momento, se elegirán tres (3) directores por un período de 4 años que expira en Mayo de 2029.

Para ser candidato a uno de los puestos de director, una persona calificada debe presentar un Formulario de Autonominación y Aceptación. Los electores elegibles del Distrito interesados en servir en la Junta Directiva pueden obtener un formulario de Autonominación y Aceptación del Oficial Electoral Designado (DEO) del Distrito después del 1 de Enero de 2025.

Sue Blair, DEO elections@crsofcolorado.com Community Resource Services of Colorado

7995 East Prentice Avenue, Suite 103E Greenwood Village, CO 80111

Teléfono: 303-381-4960

Horario de Oficina: Lunes a Viernes de 8:00 a.m. a 5:00 p.m.

El Formulario de Autonominación y Aceptación debe devolverse al Oficial Electoral Designado antes de las 5:00 p.m. del Viernes 28 de Febrero de 2025. El formulario se puede enviar por correo electrónico a elections@crsofcolorado. com. Un Formulario de Autonominación y Aceptación que no sea suficiente puede ser modificado una vez en cualquier momento antes de las 5:00 p.m. del Viernes 28 de Febrero de 2025. Se recomienda la presentación anticipada ya que la fecha límite no permitirá corregir un formulario insuficiente si se recibe a las 5:00 p.m.

Los formularios de Declaración jurada de intención de ser un candidato por escrito deben enviarse a la oficina del Funcionario Electoral Designado antes del cierre de operaciones el Lunes 3 de Marzo de 2025.

SE NOTIFICA ADEMÁS que se puede presentar una solicitud para una boleta de voto en ausencia ante el Funcionario Electoral Designado, con la información de contacto mencionada anteriormente, a más tardar al cierre de operaciones el Martes 29 de Abril de 2025.

SOUTH ADAMS FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT

Sue Blair, Funcionario Electoral Designado

Legal Notice No. CCX1584

First Publication: February 20, 2025

Last Publication: February 20, 2025 Publisher: Commerce City Sentinel Express

Bids and Settlements

Public Notice

WINDLER PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT AUTHORITY PA-25 – Utilities

Sealed Bids will be received by Windler Public Improvement Authority, hereinafter referred to as OWNER, at the office of the Authority Engineer, Merrick & Company, 8051 E. Maplewood Ave, Suite 300, Greenwood Village, CO 80111, until 10:00 AM local time on March 7, 2025 for:

PA-25 – Utilities

This Contract provides for the construction of the following: Approximately 1 mile of utility (water, sanitary, and storm) improvements in future roadways and alleys in a residential area. The project also includes some pond enhancements. These utility improvements are located within PA-25, which is located southwest of E-470 and E. 48th Avenue near E. 45th Place and Tibet Road.

be requested from the Windler Public Improvement Authority, at the email of the Authority Engineer, barney.fix@ merrick.com, beginning February 6, 2025. NO PAYMENT REQUIRED.

Bidders must be licensed Contractors in the State of Colorado.

Bids will be received providing unit price for items; however, the price given will be on a maximum not-to-exceed amount, as described in the Bidding Documents.

The Work is expected to be commenced within Sixty (60) days after the Date of Contract.

Bid Security in the amount of five percent (5%) of the total Bid Price must accompany each Bid in the form specified in the Instructions to Bidders.

The Successful Bidder will be required to furnish a Performance Bond, Labor and Material Payment Bond guaranteeing faithful performance and warranty bond for three-years after Substantial Completion, and the payment of all bills and obligations arising from the performance of the Contract.

The OWNER reserves the right to award the contract by sections, to reject any or all Bids, and to waive any informalities and irregularities therein.

For further information, please contact Barney Fix at Merrick & Company at 303-751-0741.

Legal Notice No. CCX1563

First Publication: February 6, 2025

Last Publication: February 20, 2025 Publisher: Commerce City Sentinel Express Non-consecutive Publications

Public Notice

WINDLER PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT AUTHORITY

PA-25 – Roadways

Sealed Bids will be received by Windler Public Improvement Authority, hereinafter referred to as OWNER, at the office of the Authority Engineer, Merrick & Company, 8051 E. Maplewood Ave, Suite 300, Greenwood Village, CO 80111, until 11:00 AM local time on March 21, 2025 for:

PA-25 – Roadways

This Contract provides for the construction of the following: Approximately 1 mile of roadway improvements (curb and gutter, sidewalk, pavement, etc.) and approximately 0.8 miles of concrete alleys in a residential area. The project is located within PA-25, which is located southwest of E-470 and E. 48th Avenue near E. 45th Place and Tibet Road.

Copies of the Bidding Documents may be requested from the Windler Public Improvement Authority, at the email of the Authority Engineer, barney.fix@ merrick.com, beginning February 20, 2025. NO PAYMENT REQUIRED.

Bidders must be licensed Contractors in the State of Colorado.

Bids will be received providing unit price for items; however, the price given will be on a maximum not-to-exceed amount, as described in the Bidding Documents.

The Work is expected to be commenced within Sixty (60) days after the Date of Contract.

Bid Security in the amount of five percent (5%) of the total Bid Price must accompany each Bid in the form specified in the Instructions to Bidders.

The Successful Bidder will be required to furnish a Performance Bond, Labor and Material Payment Bond guaranteeing faithful performance and warranty bond for three-years after Substantial Completion, and the payment of all bills and obligations arising from the performance of the Contract.

The OWNER reserves the right to award the contract by sections, to reject any or all Bids, and to waive any informalities and irregularities therein.

For further information, please contact Barney Fix at Merrick & Company at 303-751-0741.

Legal Notice No. CCX1587

First Publication: February 20, 2025

Last Publication: March 6, 2025

Publisher: Commerce City Sentinel Express Non-Consecutive Publications

Public Notice

WINDLER PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT AUTHORITY

PA-25 – Streetlights

Sealed Bids will be received by Windler Public Improvement Authority, hereinafter referred to as OWNER, at the office of the Authority Engineer, Merrick & Company, 8051 E. Maplewood Ave, Suite 300, Greenwood Village, CO 80111, until 11:00 AM local time on March 7, 2025 for:

PA-25 – Streetlights

This Contract provides for the construction of the following: Approximately 2 miles of conduit and about 40 streetlights for a residential area. The streetlight improvements are located within PA-25, which is located southwest of E-470 and E. 48th Avenue near E. 45th Place and Tibet Road.

Copies of the Bidding Documents may be requested from the Windler Public Improvement Authority, at the email of the Authority Engineer, barney.fix@ merrick.com, beginning February 6, 2025. NO PAYMENT REQUIRED.

Bidders must be licensed Contractors in the State of Colorado.

Bids will be received providing unit price for items; however, the price given will be on a maximum not-to-exceed amount, as described in the Bidding Documents.

The Work is expected to be commenced within Sixty (60) days after the Date of Contract.

Bid Security in the amount of five percent (5%) of the total Bid Price must accompany each Bid in the form specified in the Instructions to Bidders.

The Successful Bidder will be required to furnish a Performance Bond, Labor and Material Payment Bond guaranteeing faithful performance and warranty bond for three-years after Substantial Completion, and the payment of all bills and obligations arising from the performance of the Contract.

The OWNER reserves the right to award the contract by sections, to reject any or all Bids, and to waive any informalities and irregularities therein.

For further information, please contact Barney Fix at Merrick & Company at 303-751-0741.

Legal Notice No. CCX1564

First Publication: February 6, 2025

Last Publication: February 20, 2025

Publisher: Commerce City Sentinel Express Non-consecutive Publications

Public Notice

WINDLER PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT AUTHORITY

Harvest Road – Roadways

Sealed Bids will be received by Windler Public Improvement Authority, hereinafter referred to as OWNER, at the office of the Authority Engineer, Merrick & Company, 8051 E. Maplewood Ave, Suite 300, Greenwood Village, CO 80111, until 12:00 PM local time on March 7, 2025 for:

Harvest Road – Roadways

This Contract provides for the construction of the following: Approximately 1 mile of roadway improvements (2 Lanes of paving, hardscape, etc.). The improvements are on the west side of Harvest Road. The project location is along Harvest Road from E. 56th Ave to E. 48th Ave.

Copies of the Bidding Documents may be requested from the Windler Public Improvement Authority, at the email of the Authority Engineer, barney.fix@ merrick.com, beginning February 6, 2025. NO PAYMENT REQUIRED.

Bidders must be licensed Contractors in the State of Colorado.

Bids will be received providing unit price for items; however, the price given will be on a maximum not-to-exceed amount, as described in the Bidding Documents.

The Work is expected to be commenced within Sixty (60) days after the Date of Contract.

Bid Security in the amount of five percent (5%) of the total Bid Price must accompany each Bid in the form specified in the Instructions to Bidders.

The Successful Bidder will be required to furnish a Performance Bond, Labor and Material Payment Bond guaranteeing faithful performance and warranty bond for three-years after Substantial Completion, and the payment of all bills and obligations arising from the performance of the Contract.

The OWNER reserves the right to award the contract by sections, to reject any or all Bids, and to waive any informalities and irregularities therein.

For further information, please contact Barney Fix at Merrick & Company at 303-751-0741.

Legal Notice No. CCX1562

First Publication: February 6, 2025

Last Publication: February 20, 2025

Publisher: Commerce City Sentinel Express Non-consecutive Publications

Public Notice

WINDLER PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT AUTHORITY

Connector Roads #2 – Roadways

Sealed Bids will be received by Windler Public Improvement Authority, hereinafter referred to as OWNER, at the office of the Authority Engineer, Merrick & Company, 8051 E. Maplewood Ave, Suite 300, Greenwood Village, CO 80111, until 10:00 AM local time on March 21, 2025 for:

Connector Roads #2 – Roadways

This Contract provides for the construction of the following: Approximately 1 mile of roadway improvements including items such as curb and gutter, sidewalk, and pavement. The project is located east of Denali Boulevard and west of Harvest Road between E. 52nd Ave and E. 48th Ave.

Copies of the Bidding Documents may be requested from the Windler Public Improvement Authority, at the email of the Authority Engineer, barney.fix@ merrick.com, beginning February 20, 2025. NO PAYMENT REQUIRED.

Bidders must be licensed Contractors in the State of Colorado.

Bids will be received providing unit price for items; however, the price given will be on a maximum not-to-exceed amount, as described in the Bidding Documents.

The Work is expected to be commenced within Sixty (60) days after the Date of Contract.

Bid Security in the amount of five percent (5%) of the total Bid Price must accompany each Bid in the form specified in the Instructions to Bidders.

The Successful Bidder will be required to furnish a Performance Bond, Labor and Material Payment Bond guaranteeing faithful performance and warranty bond for three-years after Substantial Comple-

North Metro Fire seeks applicants for its Citizen Academy

Academy participants will learn about fire prevention, risk reduction and fire investigation

Residents in the north metro area who want the experience of training as a real re ghter will soon get their chance. e North Metro Fire Rescue District is hosting its Citizens Academy starting March 26 and ending May 6. ose interested in participating in the academy should submit their applications by February 23.

According to a North Metro news release, academy participants will learn the ins and outs of the re district. at will include an overview of North Metro Fire, how its run and how its funded and Emergency communications, 911 dispatch and community preparedness. It will also include discussion of emergency response and types of calls, reghter training and re operations and special teams, including wildland, technical rescue, hazardous materials and airport operations. e program will also include discussions about community risk reduction and outreach and re prevention, risk reduction and re investigation. e six-week academy will include both classroom education and hands-on activities taught by North Metro re ghters

Receive a free 5-year warranty with qualifying purchase* - valued at $535.

Call 866-977-2602 to schedule your free quote!

PUBLIC NOTICES

tion, and the payment of all bills and obligations arising from the performance of the Contract.

The OWNER reserves the right to award the contract by sections, to reject any or all Bids, and to waive any informalities and irregularities therein.

For further information, please contact Barney Fix at Merrick & Company at 303-751-0741.

Legal Notice No. CCX1586

First Publication: February 20, 2025

Last Publication: March 6, 2025

Publisher: Commerce City Sentinel Express Non-Consecutive Publications

Public Notice

WINDLER PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT AUTHORITY

Midtown North – Utilities

Sealed Bids will be received by Windler Public Improvement Authority, hereinafter referred to as OWNER, at the office of the Authority Engineer, Merrick & Company, 8051 E. Maplewood Ave, Suite 300, Greenwood Village, CO

and sta and designed to be fun and engaging for participants, according to the news release.

e Citizens Academy is free for participants and open to re district residents at least 18 years of age who submit an application and ful ll the minimum program requirements. e academy will be limited to 25 individuals and will be held primarily on Wednesday evenings from 6 to 9 p.m. at various North Metro Fire facilities. On one Saturday, academy participants will spend the day at the district’s Training Center in Northglenn learning how re ghters train for the job and going through some of their training drills. Following the academy’s completion, participants will be recognized at a graduation ceremony.

Community members interested in

attending the academy should apply by February 23. An application can be submitted online at www.nmfr.org/citizensacademy. Any questions should be directed to Life Safety Educator Pam Kutchen at 720-887-0404.

Communitity members interested in attending the academy should apply by February 23. An application can be submitted online at www.nmfr.org/ citizensacademy. Any questions should be directed to Life Safety Educator Pam Kutchen at 720-887-0404.

North Metro Fire Rescue District includes the City and County of Broom eld, City of Northglenn and unincorporated areas of Adams, Boulder, Je erson and Weld counties. It covers 58 square miles and serves over 126,000 residents.

80111, until 12:00 PM local time on March 21, 2025 for:

Midtown North – Utilities

This Contract provides for the construction of the following: Utility (water, sanitary, and storm) improvements in approximately 3 miles of future roadways and approximately 1.2 miles of future alleys in a residential area. These utility improvements are located within Midtown North, which is located southeast of E-470 and E. 56th Avenue near Denali Blvd and E. 52nd Avenue.

Copies of the Bidding Documents may be requested from the Windler Public Improvement Authority, at the email of the Authority Engineer, barney.fix@ merrick.com, beginning February 20, 2025. NO PAYMENT REQUIRED.

Bidders must be licensed Contractors in the State of Colorado.

Bids will be received providing unit price for items; however, the price given will be on a maximum not-to-exceed amount, as described in the Bidding Documents.

The Work is expected to be commenced

within Sixty (60) days after the Date of Contract.

Bid Security in the amount of five percent (5%) of the total Bid Price must accompany each Bid in the form specified in the Instructions to Bidders.

The Successful Bidder will be required to furnish a Performance Bond, Labor and Material Payment Bond guaranteeing faithful performance and warranty bond for three-years after Substantial Completion, and the payment of all bills and obligations arising from the performance of the Contract.

The OWNER reserves the right to award the contract by sections, to reject any or all Bids, and to waive any informalities and irregularities therein.

For further information, please contact Barney Fix at Merrick & Company at 303-751-0741.

Legal Notice No. CCX1588

First Publication: February 20, 2025

Last Publication: March 6, 2025

Publisher: Commerce City Sentinel Express Non-Consecutive Publications

Gail

Wittenbrink, Deceased Case Number: 2025 PR 38

All persons having claims against the above-named estate are required to present them to the Personal Representative or to the District Court of Adams County, Colorado on or before June 20, 2025, or the claims may be forever barred.

Chris Wittenbrink

Personal Representative 6222 Chimney

Costly fixes for small water systems

No matter the approach, dealing with PFAS contamination is bound to be a major undertaking. According to John DeGour, regulatory a airs specialist with the National Rural Water Association, smaller communities are likely to nd it a struggle.

“You have to pay for sampling, you have to install treatment if necessary or nd a new source,” he said. “But if you’re a small system, you obviously have less resources to do that.”

When PFAS turned up in one of the wells supplying rural Keenesburg, on Colorado’s Eastern Plains, public works director Mark Gray was surprised.

“I never anticipated us to have any PFAS in our wells,” he said. “It’s the biggest problem we have. It’s the only problem we have.”

His rst instinct was to look for ways to pay for potentially expensive xes.

“We have made applications to every

CHILDCARE

“ at’s an area we want to grow even more,” Stokley said. “We’d like to hear more about what families are interested in seeing and how we can make changes year to year based on that feedback.” e Colorado Shines rating system evaluates early learning programs on a number of factors: teacher quali ca-

grant available -- grants for engineering, grants to build ltration. We are very actively looking at everything that’s available to us,” Gray said.

Congress set aside billions in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law of 2021 to address PFAS in drinking water. at includes $6 billion speci cally for small and disadvantaged communities. According to the CDPHE, Colorado has already received $31 million out of a promised $189 million for PFAS remediation. But with a cloud of uncertainty over how the new Trump administration plans to dole out federal funds, it’s suddenly unclear whether and when the balance will ever reach its intended users.

It’s still too soon to know which PFAS removal approach will be right for Keenesburg, or what the price tag will be. Grants should help cover initial costs but utilities will ultimately be on the hook for ongoing operations.

“We’re being tasked from the EPA to try to come up with an almost impossible standard,” Gray said. “You almost have to anticipate the increased cost in treatment.”

ose increased costs will likely raise

tions, family partnerships, learning environment, leadership and continuous quality improvement. A Level 4 rating signals excellence in all these areas.

For Stokley, the achievement is also a testament to the dedication of the district’s early childhood education team.

“ e main message I’d like to share is that we have a really cohesive team that works hard to do what they do,” she said.

“ ere’s often a misconception about preschool that it’s just childcare. But it’s much more than that. It’s about learn-

the rate that consumers pay for water. But utilities will have little choice.

“We’re a small town and we’re one of the few communities that provides its own water,” Gray said. “We want it to be safe.”

As for the Sleepy Bear Mobile Home Park, the easiest solution just might be to abandon the neighborhood well altogether and tap into the municipal system in Steamboat Springs.

“We support that and we want to work with Sleepy Bear to make that happen,” said Steamboat Springs water distribution and collection manager Michelle Carr. “It’s really just a matter of guring out the logistics.”

ose logistics would have to include extending the city water main westward, a project Carr said the city has already planned and budgeted for as they eye future developments on the city’s western edge. Carr said the city council may even subsidize a connection to the city water system for the mobile home park, “because of their interest in supporting a ordable and low-income housing.

However, according to omas Morgan, manager of KTH Enterprises, which

ing and development for young children. Our team works hard to make sure students have what they need to thrive.”

So what comes next after Level 4?

Achieving a Level 5 rating, the highest possible rating Colorado Shines gives out. Stokley said the district remains committed to further enhancing their early childhood programs, such as early language intervention.

Adams 14 operates under a “ ve-year strategic plan” that was launched in 2023. e plan focuses on four key areas:

owns Sleepy Bear Mobile Home Park, that could come at “signi cant cost.” Via text message, he wrote that he has been meeting with city o cials, “to see if costs and requirements could be lessened.”

But from resident Renee Ho man’s perspective, the park management needs to make clean water a priority, whether or not those subsidies come through.

“ ere’s a lot of young kids here,” she said. “To think that they were drinking that water from infancy -- what levels they might have in their bodies.”

She just wants her family to be able to do normal things again, like brush their teeth and wash the dishes without worrying that the water could make them sick.

“Nobody wants their rent to be raised, right?” she said. “But if we were to secure a better water source for our long-term health, I think you just have to weigh the bene ts of it and ante up, I guess.” is story was produced by KUNC, in partnership with e Water Desk at the University of Colorado’s Center for Environmental Journalism, and made available via the Colorado News Collaborative. For more, and to support KUNC, visit kunc.org.

student achievement, academics and innovation, community and culture, and nancial literacy.

e plan also highlights the importance of supporting bilingual students who learn English as their second language. e district’s vision is to help all students become “linguistically gifted and academically successful,” according to a press release.

“Our goal is to keep growing and learning alongside our students and families,” Stokley said.

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