Praktisk spansk grammatik, indholdsfortegnelse

Indholdsfortegnelse Om spansk .............................................................................................................10 Skrift og udtale ...................................................................................................... 11 I Bogstaverne ........................................................................................... 11 II Tryk og accentstreg ...............................................................................17 0

Artikler ..........................................................................................................20 1 Ubestemt artikel ....................................................................................20 2 Bestemt artikel.......................................................................................20 3 Brug af artikel........................................................................................21

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Substantiver ...................................................................................................25 11 Substantivernes køn...............................................................................25 12 Pluralis ...................................................................................................27 13 Præpositionen de ...................................................................................29 14 Afkortning (apokope) ............................................................................29 15 Diminutiver og augmentativer ..............................................................30

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Adjektiver ......................................................................................................31 21 Adjektivets endelse ...............................................................................31 22 Pluralis ...................................................................................................33 23 Adjektivets placering.............................................................................34 24 Adjektivets gradbøjning ........................................................................37 24.1 Uregelmæssig gradbøjning..........................................................38 24.2 Sammenligning ...........................................................................40 24.3 Høj grad .......................................................................................40 25 Mucho, poco, demasiado, bastante, tanto..............................................41 26 Substantiveret adjektiv ..........................................................................43 27 Diminutiver og augmentativer ..............................................................43 28 Afkortning (apokope) ............................................................................43

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Numeralier .....................................................................................................44 31 Mængdetal .............................................................................................44 32 Ordenstal ...............................................................................................45 33 Klokken .................................................................................................46 34 Datoer ....................................................................................................47 35 Årstal .....................................................................................................47 36 Matematik..............................................................................................47

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Pronominer ....................................................................................................48 41

Personlige pronominer ..........................................................................48 41.1 Subjektsformer ............................................................................49 41.2 Præpositionsformer .....................................................................50 41.3 Til direkte objekt .........................................................................50 41.4 Til indirekte objekt ......................................................................51 41.5 Refleksive pronominer ................................................................52 41.6 De bundne pronominers placering i forhold til verbet ................54 41.7 Dobbeltrepræsentation ................................................................56

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Possessive pronominer ..........................................................................59 42.1 Mi, tu, su... .................................................................................59 42.2 Mío, tuyo, suyo… .......................................................................60

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Demonstrative pronominer ....................................................................62

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Interrogative pronominer.......................................................................64

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Relative pronominer ..............................................................................65 45.1 Que ..............................................................................................65 45.2 Quien, el que, el cual ...................................................................65 45.3 Cuyo ............................................................................................67

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Indefinitte pronominer...........................................................................68

Verber ............................................................................................................73 51

Verbalformer..........................................................................................73 51.1 Bøjningsskemaer, regelmæssige verber ......................................77 51.2 Bøjningsskemaer, uregelmæssige verber ....................................84 51.3 Regelmæssige verber, diftongering, vokalskifte .........................92 51.4 Bemærkninger om uregelmæssige verber ...................................96

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Tiderne i indikativ .................................................................................97 52.1 Præsens ........................................................................................97 52.2 Perfektum ....................................................................................98 52.3 Perifrastisk futurum .....................................................................99 52.4 Pretérito simple >< imperfecto .................................................100 52.5 Pluskvamperfektum...................................................................102 52.6 Futuro ........................................................................................102 52.7 Condicional ...............................................................................103 52.8 Andre førtider i indikativ ..........................................................103 INDHOLDSFORTEGNELSE

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Konjunktiv >< indikativ ......................................................................105 53.1 Modus i kompletive ledsætninger .............................................105 53.2 Modus i interrogative ledsætninger ...........................................108 53.3 Modus i relative ledsætninger ...................................................109 53.4 Modus i adverbielle ledsætninger ............................................. 110 53.4.1 Tidsledsætninger ......................................................... 110 53.4.2 Betingelsesledsætninger .............................................. 112 53.4.3 Årsagsledsætninger ..................................................... 113 53.4.4 Hensigtsledsætninger .................................................. 114 53.4.5 Følgeledsætninger ....................................................... 114 53.4.6 Indrømmelsesledsætninger ......................................... 115 53.4.7 Sammenligningsledsætninger ..................................... 115 53.4.8 Restgruppe af adverbielle ledsætninger ...................... 116 53.5 Modus ved visse adverbier ........................................................ 117 53.6 Anden brug af konjunktiv ......................................................... 118

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Ordrer .................................................................................................. 119 54.1 Imperativ – positive ordrer ........................................................ 119 54.2 Negative ordrer – konjunktiv ....................................................120 54.3 Positive ordrer ved usted, nosotros, ustedes .............................121 54.4 Positive og negative ordrer........................................................122 54.5 Særlige tilfælde .........................................................................123

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Aktiv >< passiv ...................................................................................125

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Infinitte verbalformer ..........................................................................126 56.1 Infinitiv ......................................................................................126 56.2 Participio ...................................................................................129 56.3 Gerundio ....................................................................................130

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Ser/estar, haber ....................................................................................131 57.1 Kun ser ......................................................................................131 57.2 Kun estar ...................................................................................132 57.3 Ved adjektiv ...............................................................................133 57.4 Ved participio ............................................................................136 57.5 Ved præposition .........................................................................138 57.6 Ser/estar uden yderligere led ....................................................139 57.7 Haber .........................................................................................139

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Tidsudtryk med hace, desde, llevar.....................................................141

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60

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Øvrige ordklasser ........................................................................................142 61

Adverbier .............................................................................................142 61.1 Karakteristik af adverbier ..........................................................142 61.2 Nægtelsen no og dobbelt nægtelse ............................................143 61.3 Adverbier på -mente ..................................................................144 61.4 Gradbøjning...............................................................................145 61.5 Mucho/muy, tanto/tan, poco ......................................................146 61.6 Interrogative adverbier ..............................................................147 61.7 Relative adverbier .....................................................................148

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Præpositioner .......................................................................................149 62.1 Præpositionen a .........................................................................150 62.2 Præpositionen de .......................................................................152 62.3 Præpositionerne para og por .....................................................152 62.4 Særlige forhold ..........................................................................153

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Konjunktioner......................................................................................154 63.1 Sideordnende konjunktioner .....................................................154 63.2 Underordnende konjunktioner ..................................................157

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Interjektioner .......................................................................................158

Sætningens led .............................................................................................159 71 72 73 74 75 76

77 78 80

Subjekt og verbal .................................................................................159 Direkte og indirekte objekt ..................................................................162 Subjektsprædikativ ..............................................................................165 Adverbial .............................................................................................166 Øvrige led ............................................................................................167 Leddenes opbygning ...........................................................................168 76.1 Verbalsyntagmet ........................................................................168 76.2 Underordning ............................................................................169 76.3 Solidaritetsforbindelser .............................................................169 Helsætning og ledsætning ...................................................................170 Komma på spansk ...............................................................................174

Forskelle i spansk ........................................................................................175

Litteratur og hjemmesider ...................................................................................176 Alfabetisk ordliste .................................................................................................17 INDHOLDSFORTEGNELSE

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