Annotated Bibliography

Anderson, Benedict R. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Verso, 2016.

Recommended reading by Michael Rock on how communities are created. This book was influential in delving into the sociological side of design and how communities create belonging and meaning - a sense of identity within a context of identities. This book helped me pinpoint exactly why writing is so important to my design practice. Language and text is the basis of understanding. To discuss something, to challenge something, to express ourselves, we must have a shared way to talk about it. Shared language and vocabulary are the basis of how to create anything, once we name things we can talk about them, once we know how to talk about them, we can make them.

ArtTube, ArtTube, et al. “Dutch Profiles.” YouTube, YouTube, www.youtube.com/user/ dutchdesignprofiles/videos.

Research on Dutch design. Dutch Profiles are short documentaries about architects, graphic, product and fashion designers in the Netherlands. The interviews with both wellknown and upcoming Dutch designers focus on their conceptual approach and the context of their projects. Specific videos include: Jergen Bey, Irma Boom, Dick Bruna, Wim Crouwel, Droog Design, G-Star, Iris van Herpen, Rem Koolhaas OMA, Karl Martens, NEXT Architects, Studio Dumbar, Thonik, Jan van Toorn, and Marcel Wanders

Betsky, Aaron. Thonik: Why We Design. Lars Müller Publishers, 2019.

This book was highly influential on multiple levels for me. First, thonik are firmly rooted in the ‘why’ behind their design, as am I. They have a motto ‘if the concept is good, the rest will follow’. They always start with concept first and build the visual design around a tight concept. I read a lot about their process as I was building, evaluating, and refining my current design process. Second, I reference this book often for ideas relating to branding and typographic work. Third, I look at this book for structure, organization, and layout ideas.

Ericson, Magnus. ‘Design and Ideology - Interview with Experimental Jetset Studio (Marieke Stolk, Erwin Brinkers and Danny van den Dungen)’. Forms of Inquiry Catalog. September 15, 2008. https://www. experimentaljetset.nl/archive/design-ideology.

Where I first learned about the concept of Maakbaarheid and connected with it as a form of anti-determinism and that design is the thing to ideate and build things that need creating and tear down things that need revamping.

Bierut, Michael, and Jessica Helfand. “S2E6: Michael Rock.” Design Observer, 5 Apr. 2017, designobserver.com/feature/s2e6-michaelrock/39539.

General research on Michael Rock and his design concepts.

Boeri, Stefano. “Anti-Covid-19 Vaccination Campaign.” Stefano Boeri Architetti, 16 Dec. 2020, www.stefanoboeriarchitetti.net/en/ project/anti-covid-19-vaccination-campaign/.

Research on how design brings something that doesn’t exist into existence and the creation of the social imaginary.

Boeri, Stefano. “Anti-Covid-19 Vaccination Campaign.” YouTube, YouTube, 16 Dec. 2020, www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbeRAC5Xks&feature=youtu.be. Research on how design brings something that doesn’t exist into existence and the creation of the social imaginary.

Escobar, Arturo. Designs for the Pluriverse: Radical Interdependence, Autonomy, and the Making of Worlds. Duke University Press, 2018.

Researching design theory as social theory and extracting design from a capitalistic sphere. This book helped me think about how design can apply to the human experience on a larger scale, addressing environment, experience, social structure, politics, and beyond. This applies to my theory that design principles infiltrate and influence every part of human life.

Gay, Ross. The Book of Delights: Essays. Algonquin Books,February 12, 2019.

Ross is a poet and English professor at Indiana University. I read a number of the essays in this book to discover how he goes about discovering delight in the everyday, the mundane, to see if there could be a connection to discovering things about design in the same way. It’s where I started developing the concept of trying to find my discipline in the practice of routine. I also looked at how he wrote his personal essays to make them universally palatable and appealing.

Glass, Ira, et al. “The Show of Delights.” This American Life, 11 Feb. 2021, www. thisamericanlife.org/692/the-show-of-delights.

How delight and pain are intertwined and creating things out of pain to produce delight. As part of my research into emotion and how that can play into the design process and the output I listened to this podcast. Through this podcast I became aware of Ross Gay and his work on delight, including his book, The Book of Delights. This helped me start thinking about how to infuse my personal experience and seemingly banal experiences into my work and my thesis writing. I really connected with the moment in the podcast when Bim Adewunmi has the following exchange with Ross Gay:

Bim Adewunmui, ‘One of the things he discovered is the mechanics of how to find delight every day as a discipline. Because delight doesn't just arrive, you need to actively go looking for it.’

Ross Gay, ‘Being in a state of trying to train your curiosity, and trying to train this sense of not knowing. Delight and curiosity are really tied up. You have to be OK with not knowing things. You have to be actually invested and happy about not knowing things.’

This got me thinking about why I design and how the driver behind my design is really about curiosity and how I embrace not knowing things as a strategy to push myself into uncomfortable places. Great Britain, Team, et al. “Pete Reed.” SoundCloud, 27 July 2020, soundcloud.com/ teamgb/pete-reed.

Listening to this podcast, which basically has nothing to do with design, actually got me thinking about how design applies to reinvention throughout a person’s life. We’re constantly re-making ourselves, whether it’s by personal choice or force of circumstances. The only permanent state in life is impermanence and design is the constant that helps us manage that reality of life, whether it’s creating a tool that eases a physical limitation or simply redesigning a daily routine that helps alter our state of mind. This podcast helped put some concrete language around how to remain positive through change that’s not positive and take charge of your own outcomes and how design really plays into the ability to do that for yourself.

Goodman, Nelson. Ways of Worldmaking. Hacket Publishing Company, 1978.

Recommended reading by Michael Rock. Examination of the actual worlds we inhabit, how they are created, and how they are related to one another. Since my theory of design is that it is an all encompassing means to create reality (as opposed to philosophy which posits reality), this book was especially helpful in defining how worldmaking works and what constitutes bringing things into existence. The central theme of the book tightly aligns with my

theory on design, that anything is makeable and we simply have to decide what we want to make. “Facts are fabricated and [that] knowing or understanding is more a matter of finding than making.”

This book was also central to and affirmative of my experience that too much freedom is paralytic, that we need ‘guardrails’ in order to actually create something. Design provides those ‘guardrails’ with objectives and constraints, through those we define success for any given project.

Harari, Yuval. “Chapter 2: The Tree of Knowledge, Section 5: The Peugeot Lion and Chapter 16: The Capitalist Creed.” Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, by Yuval Noah Harari, Harper Perennial, 2018, pp. 29–333.

Historical and sociological exploration of the creation of corporations. Looking at creating an entity and how they are ‘legal fictions’. Addresses the concept of imagined realities.

Jones, Daniel. “The 36 Questions That Lead to Love.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 9 Jan. 2015, www.nytimes. com/2015/01/09/style/no-37-big-wedding-orsmall.html.

I’ve used this in many different projects. I’ve read this article many times before design school, but reading after entering design school got me thinking about how much we as humans are the same and how sharing personal snippets can create connection; the concept of the personal as the universal. Not that we experience the same things, but that humans experience the same emotions and emotional understanding can lead to greater care with one another. It also got me thinking about how to infuse care and empathy into my design work.

Lee, Chris. “This Was Written On Stolen Indigenous Land.” Decolonising Design, 11 Apr. 2017, www.decolonisingdesign.com/guestcontributions/2017/guest-post-this-was-writtenon-stolen-indigenous-land/.

Research into graphic design and power structures. This article was the first piece that got me thinking about reality - what is real and how realities are made. It prompted my thinking about how much design plays a role in bringing an idea or concept into actual existence and that without design and the tangible outputs of design concepts would remain hypothetical. It also prompted me to think about how humans create every social construct - laws, property, corporations, religions, groups, etc. and design is a part of ritualizing and legitimizing every construct that exists in the world.

Lupton, Ellen. Thinking with Type: a Critical Guide for Designers, Writers, Editors, & Students. Princeton Architectural Press, 2010. General research on typography, typesetting, and layout.

Meggs, Philip B., and Alston W. Purvis. Meggs' History of Graphic Design. Wiley, 2016.

Research on the history of graphic design

Miller, Mary Alice. “Meet the Designer Obsessed With the Stories That Live Inside Our Data.” Vanity Fair, Conde Nast, 7 Nov. 2019, www. vanityfair.com/style/2019/11/giorgia-lupi-andother-stories-collection-interview.

Combining data visualization and hand making - illustrating the theory of multipotentialite and how design can combine two disparate ideas or disciplines into a successful endeavor with a new output,

Millman, Debbie. “2013, Michael Rock.” Design Matters Media, 2013, www. designmattersmedia.com/podcast/2013/ Michael-Rock.

General background research on Michael Rock and Debbie Millman, both interview subjects in this book.

Millman, Debbie. “Debbie Millman: Design Matters.” Design Matters Media, 2005, www. designmattersmedia.com/designmatters. I listened to a number of the podcasts from this site in researching my thesis. Podcasts began in 2005 and are consistently being released to this day. The episodes I found especially striking and influential were: Marina Abramovic, David Byrne, Lisa Congdon, Brene Brown, Barbara Kruger, & Shepard Fairey.

Papanek, Victor Josef. Design for the Real World. Thames & Hudson, 2019.

In thinking about design as an allencompassing theory, an important aspect is that all humans are also designers and therefore design is an egalitarian pursuit and equally accessible and employable by anyone.

I wanted to see if there were any academic texts that proposed a similar viewpoint and in that search I found Papenek’s book. In 1972, at the time of its original publication in the United States, the book was ridiculed and attacked by the design ‘establishment’ as a Utopian, idiosyncratic pipe dream. The issues discussed and addressed however are quite pertinent today - environmentalism, reuse and recycling, energy consumption, etc.

The very beginning of the book set the tone for me and started me thinking about the concept of a ‘designer’ and who and what that actually is. I started thinking that we’re all designers and I always was a designer, even before design school. “All men are designers. All that we do, almost all the time, is design, for design is basic to all human activity. The planning and patterning of any act toward a desired, foreseeable end constitutes the design process. Any attempt to separate design,

to make it a thing-by-iteslf, works counter to the fact that design is the primary underlying matrix of life” (Papenek, p.3) Papanek defines design as “the conscious and intuitive effort to impose meaningful order,” (Papenek, p. 4), which can clearly apply to any human at any age under any pursuit. Papenek also started me thinking about what makes a design ‘good’. Form? Function? Beauty? Popularity? Papenek proposes a structure for assessing ‘function’ in design by looking at six aspects (method, association, aesthetics, need, telesis, and use) and balancing the “soft-hard, feeling-thinking, intuitive-intellectual mix” that determines each of these criteria. I especially connected with this idea that all design is a mix of the intuitive and the analytical, as I intertwine both inextricably in my approach to design, and life.

Popham, Sir Home Riggs. Telegraphic Signals; Or Marine Vocabulary. T. Egerton, Military Library, near Whitehall, 1803.

Research related to languages and communication. Used directly in 'Twelve Months' and Grief/Relief Blocks projects, but also generally sparked an interest in the ways humans communicate visually and how to transform language into visual systems.

Rock, Michael. Multiple Signatures: on Designers, Authors, Readers and Users. Rizzoli International Publications, 2013. This book has probably been the most influential design book I’ve encountered. The format alone - multiple interviews and writings mixed in with project examples that show both the behind the scenes process, as well as beautiful finished pieces - embodies my thesis concept that the function and output of design can be anything. Further, the actual content of each section has been highly influential on my perspective and criticality as a designer. Michael Rock and studio 2x4, to me, embody everything that is great about design - it’s flexibility, it’s potential, and it’s limitlessness.

Roll, Rich. “Why Late Bloomers Win: David Epstein | Rich Roll Podcast.” YouTube, YouTube, 8 Sept. 2019, www.youtube.com/ watch?v=QYLrNeJX9XU.

This podcast helped me look at my tendency to sample all sorts of interests as a legitimate methodology. This interview with David Epstein, who wrote the book Why Late Bloomers Win, explores why breadth is the ally of depth and why generalists, not specialists, are the ones most primed to excel. This helped me start thinking about the multipotentialite and start looking for a way to explain a multi-modal means of operation.

Shorto, Russell. Amsterdam: a History of the World's Most Liberal City. Abacus, 2014.

Research into imagined realities becoming realities, especially with regard to the invention of the multinational corporate entity and the concept/reality of an aftermarket trade, better known as a stock market (including short selling, derivatives, and futures trading), and the liberal capitalist system in general. This book describes how ‘the company’ was created, designed, by Amsterdammers in the late 1500s and today the imagined reality of companies proliferate the global economy today.

Soulellis, Paul. “Soulellis.com.” Soulellis.com, 2020, soulellis.com/.

General research on form, communication, and experimental efforts in graphic design. Pushing and blurring the boundary between authorship and design.

Strelka Institute. “Michael Rock. Lecture ‘Empire of Screens.’” YouTube, YouTube, 27 Mar. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2ewXan6t74.

General research on Michael Rock and his design concepts.

Surface Magazine, director. Michael Rock on the Role of Social Imaginary in Shaping Belief. Vimeo, 11 Feb. 2021, vimeo.com/431846219. (Rock, Michael. Michael Rock on the Role of Social Imaginary in Shaping Belief https:// vimeo.com/431846219 Research on Michael Rock and the concept of the social imaginary. Looking at how design is the driver of bringing ideas into existence by creating both physical and intangible entities and items.

Taylor, Charles. Modern Social Imaginaries. Duke University Press, 2004.

Research on the philosophical sociological concept of the social imaginary, as differentiated from social theory. The social imaginary is related to how people see themselves fitting in the world. It is ‘not expressed in theoretical terms, but carried in images, stories, and legends.” This led me to confirm that realities are created through design - narrative and visual married into an entity - and then solidified through practices that are designed, adopted and reinforced through repetition. Imagined realities are realities and can be experienced by large groups and the entire world. Imagined realities help humans define their place in the world and create a sense of belonging through shared beliefs, experience, and ritual. The status quo is not permanent, it can be dismantled and the ‘moral order’ will help drive that change. A large part of toppling the status quo or bringing an idea into reality is the strong connection to the visual and how humans connect and legitimize realities by continued reference to a similar past realities.

Wapnick, Emilie. “Why Some of Us Don't Have One True Calling.” TED, TEDx Bend, Apr. 2015, www.ted.com/talks/emilie_wapnick_ why_some_of_us_don_t_have_one_true_ calling?language=en.

This TED Talk by Emilie Wapnick gave me the vocabulary to talk about my approach to design, and life, with a specific and definable term. It helped me figure out that some of us, maybe most of us, including me, don’t have ‘One True Calling’, but a desire and proclivity to explore multiple paths and that multiplicity is actually a strength.

Wang, Lisa. “Role Call: Michael Rock, Creative Director.” The Business of Fashion, The Business of Fashion, 30 June 2014, www. businessoffashion.com/articles/workplacetalent/role-call-michael-rock-creative-director? source=NextStoryPrompt.

General research on Michael Rock and his design perspective.

Weitzman School of Design. “The Weitzman School Presents Michael Rock.” Vimeo, 16 Mar. 2021, vimeo.com/436445980.

General research on Michael Rock and his design perspective.

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