MODERN ARCHITECTURE MINIMALIST IN DESIGN
MODERN ARCHITECTURE MINIMALIST IN DESIGN
This book was designed for Typography 3 Typography Class Academy of Art University San Francisco Instructor William Culpepper All photographs and illustrations are by Sheena Chong except for architecture designers works/projects. Book is printed and bind by Chums Design San Francisco Typeface Raleway Software Adobe InDesign
DEDICATION
To my supportive mother and friends, who have been there for me during stressful times and hardship times.
Multi-Sport Pavilion and Classroom Complex, Alberto Campo Baeza
Superdry Store, California
INTRODUCTION Living in the Bay Area of Silicon Valley, where ever I go, I would always see a shop or an apartment/town homes that are luxury and modern. When it comes to minimalism, I think of elegant, white, and simplicity designs.
When you read this book, you will be quite amazed just how much minimalism there is in the 21st century. This book will contain mostly photographic images of shapes and n
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thing that wasn’t there before.
Intro
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House for a Photographer, FORM, Kouichi Kimura Architects
CONTENTS Introduction
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History What is Minimalist Architecture? When did minimalist started? Characteristics of Minimalist Architecture
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Minimalist Architecture Designers John Pawson Tadao Ando Alberto Campo Baeza Luis Barragan Vincent Van Duysen Michael Gabellini Junichi Sampei Kouichi Kimura Jim Jennings
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Characteristics Simplicity in Form and Use in Architecture
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Materials and Finishes
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Importance of Detailing
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Personality, texture, and Visual Interest
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Index
2012 offices in Zamora, Alberto Campo Baeza
CHAPTER 1 History
WHAT IS MINIMALIST ARCHITECTURE?
Minimalism is an art/design movement that started in the 20th century. Minimalism is not t
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malism is popular as a lifestyle and every new building that is being constructed currently, is constructed in simplicity and modernized.
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Apple Park Visitor Center, Cupertino
WHEN DID MINIMALISM STARTED?
Minimalism started in New York in the early 1960s among artists who were self consciously renouncing recent art that they thought had become stale and academic. An o t r
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conventional boundaries between various media. The new art favored the cool over the "dramatic": their sculptures were frequently fabricated from industrial materials and emphasized anonymity over the expressive excess of Abstract Expressionism. Painters and Minimal art known as Minimalism. It can also is sometimes be referred to as ABC art, Cool art, Literalist art, Object art, and/or Primary Structure art.
sculptors avoided overt symbolism and emotional content, but instead called attention to the materiality of the works.
By the end of the 1970s, Minimalism had triumphed in America and Europe through many combination of forces, including museum curators, art dealers, and publications, plus a new system of private and government patronage. Members of the new movement, Post-Minimalism, were already challenging its authority and were thus the testament of how important Minimalism itself became. Postmodernist art became o tr
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of geometric abstraction.
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DB Residence in Puurs, Belgium, Vincent Van Duysen
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CHARACTERISTICS OF MINIMALIST ARCHITECTURE
Minimalist architecture demonstrates certain characteristics of form, light, space, and t r
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imalists consider these characteristics as the ‘essence’ of architecture. As for essence, Minimalist architecture use the fewest and barest essentials to reach the essence of architecture. This means reducing and condensing a design content to the least amount o n Minimalism is a term referring to those movements, or styles in various forms of art and design, Minimalist Architecture uses the fewest and barest essentials to reach the essence of architecture.
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Thus, minimalist architecture is a result of elimination of the inessentials where the design is stripped down to its most fundamental features and can no longer be improved by subtraction.
Carmel House, Jim Jennings (Top and Bottom)
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Armonia Apartments in Athens, Greece, John Pawson
CHAPTER 2
Minimalist Architecture Designers
JOHN PAWSON “It was never just about painting everything white, I set out to create comfortable spaces — visually comfortable spaces. My mind always feels a little scrambled, so being in simple rooms helps me to think straight.”
John Pawson is a British architectural designer whose work is known for its minimalist t
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comes from a wealthy family, and was educated at Eton.
Pawson’s body of works range from scales and typologies, from privatehomes, sacred commissions, galleries, museums, hotels, ballet sets, yacht interiors, and a bridge that is across the lake. From there I wanted to know more about his aesthetic works.
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“Minimalism is not defined by what is not there but by the rightness of what is and the richness with which this is experienced.�
Armonia Apartments (Athens, Greece 2011 - 2017) Viewed from the pine-fringed bay, Armonia is designed to read as graphically simple o
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ished elements that quietly animate the elevations with rhythm and pattern.
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PAWSON’S WORKS Farini Bakery & Cafe (Milan, Italy 2016 - 2017) Farini Bakery and Cafe was a project requirement that these buildings in Milan be at once a gallery for bread, a stage for bakers and a gathering place for customers, with its ro
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and choreography.
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Design Museum in London, John Pawson
TADAO ANDO
Tadao Ando was born in 1941, one of the most known contemporary Japanese Architects. His components of his work includes large expanses of the modest architectural on r t
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active natural elements such as the sun, rain, and wind that are all distinctive inclusion to his style.
“My objective is to design a space that nobody else can come up with while using the material that anyone can use.�
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ANDO'S WORKS
Tadao Ando: Endeavors at the National Art Center in Tokyo is an exhibition covering Ando’s entire career. It goes back to his early days when he was a professional boxer, tr n t on n to up in 1969.
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National Art Center in Tokyo, Tadao Ando
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152 Elizabeth Street Penthouse, Tadao Ando 31 Minimalist in Design
Tadao Ando’s residential complex located in New York City, show casing large rooftop terraces, and an internal spiral staircase. This penthouse designed to be a 5,603 squarefoot (521 square metre), 7 story high, contains 4 bedrooms, and 4.5 bathrooms. Outdoor terraces are 3,240 square feet (301 square metres) across three levels will include addit on
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Seaside House in Mexico, Tadao Ando
ALBERTO CAMPO BAEZA orn n
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soon as he turn 2 years of age, he lived in Cadiz, where he saw the Light. He was a professor in Madrid School of Architecture, ETSAM where he became a professor for more than 35 years. Teaching the ETH in Zurich and EPFL in Lausanne as well as University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Kansas State University, CUA University of Washington, and L’Ecole d’Architecture in Tournai, Belgique.
"Work a lot! Enjoy a lot! Be patient! If you are an architect you must know that Architecture is the most beautiful labor all over the world."
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BAEZA’S WORK
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2017 Multi-Sport Pavilion
Created for the campus of Francisco de Vitoria University, in Pozuelo (Madrid), a building that will house a sports center and a classroom complex. This design is restrained and volumetrically adapted to the general layout of the campus in its maximum height and alignment. The sport and teaching areas will be adapted to its volume and material. The nt o t
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troled, entering into a spatial relationship with the main square of the campus.
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2017 Guadalajara International Book Fair The most beautiful pavilion on the world to represent Madrid at the Guadalajara International Book Fair 2017 in Mexico. The inspiration was to create a recognizable space which all the attendees at this major fair will have to pass through and see the space. “We envisaged an AGORA full of LIGHT, of LIGHT that brings wisdom through books.�
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THERE WILL BE LIGHT An AGORA full of LIGHT
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Multi-Sport Pavilion and Classroom Complex, Alberto Campo Baeza Chapter X
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LUIS BARRAGÁN Luis Barragá was born in 1902 in Guadalajara (Jalisco, México), where he completed his degree as a civil engineer and architect in 1925. After his studies, he went to Europe for two years for leisure and self studies.
During his time in Europe, he was fascinated with the beauty of the gardens in the cities; Generalife in Granada and the ones in the villas of Italy and Mediterranean coast. He decided to become a landscape architecture.
Barragán’s style is often described as “emotional architecture” – a style of contemporary, modern architecture that used space, raw organic materials such stone and wood, as well as light to create a serene environment.
“My house is my refuge, an emotional piece of architecture, not a cold piece of convenience.”
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BARRAGÁN WORK
Luis Barragán house is called, the facade which contains a workshop that rises on two adjacent lots, numbers 12 and 14 of General Francisco Ramírez Street, that is located in the Daniel Garza sector of Mexico City. The façades of this double plan form a single unit facing southeast.
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The entrance hall works as a waiting area, and at the same time, a space that prepares the senses; sight, smell, touch, and hearing are placed in a state of expectancy caused by the direct impact of a precise palette of materials. Short on variation, yet generous to the senses: wood, stone, and whitewashed walls.
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The terrace is created by walls that rise above the roof level: the chimney and the mechanical heating system, as well as the white tower that contains the water deposit and the stairs leading to the servant’s quarter in the third and last level.
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“To leave the terrace one must search for the door behind the gray tower, if the existence of the door in our memory prevails over perception.�
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Luis Barrgan’s last project of his house Chapter X
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VINCENT VAN DUYSEN
Vincent Van Duysen was born 1962 in Lokeren, Belgium. He studied at an Architecture school at the Architecture Institute Saint-Lucas in Ghent and founded his design studio in Antwerp in 1990. From there, Duysen has great interest in interior design with mostly residential projects - a complete architectural product with subtle transitions between architecture and interior design, combined with a spatial design attitude that always searches the essence. The use of pure and tactile materials that results in a clear and His prime components are functionality, durability and comfort. An architectural language which is not shy of aesthetics, but resists fashion and trends.
timeless design.
An approach that he covers all aspects, with respect to context and tradition, within which the senses and physical experience of the space, materials and light place the integrity of the user at its core. His prime components are functionality, durability and comfort. An architectural language which is not shy of aesthetics, but resists fashion and trends.
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Alexander Wang Store in London, Vincent Van Duysen
Van Duysen created a residence, stables, and a surrounding orchard in a farm located in Belgian town of Knokke. His three elongated, black-slatted wooden volumes are based of old barns. The structures are designed to look utilitarian, and openings are limited to huge sliding gates.
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DUYSEN'S WORK Van Duysen created a black and white interior for the American fashion design Alexanr r
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was designed by Wang and Van Duysen to echo the designer's dark, and minimal aesthetic look.
TR Residence in Belgian, Vincent Van Duysen Chapter X
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Penthouse in Antwerp, Belgium, Vincent Van Duysen Chapter X
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MICHAEL GABELLINI Gabellini was born in 1958 near Allentown, Pennsylvania, and earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts and Bachelor of Architecture degrees from the Rhode Island School of Design. He also went to Architectural Association in London to study and conducted architectural research in Rome.
He obtained FAIA (Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, and IIDA (International Interior Design Association) awards and is a minimalist architect, interior designer and partner of Gabellini Sheppard Associates whom he works with architects Kimberly Sheppard and Daniel Garbowit.
Michael Gabellini works with space and light as sculptural materials, and constructs architectural settings that are at once elemental in form and dramatic in their purity of n
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boutiques, showroom facilities, restaurants, and corporate headquarters for Jil Sander, Giorgio Armani, Salvatore Ferragamo, Vera Wang, Gianfranco Ferre, Bergdorf Goodman, Saks Fifth Avenue, and among others. In designing residential and hotel interiors, n
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needs of his clients which include Ian Schrager, Marriot International, Highgate, FelCor, Tishman Speyer Properties, and among others.
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GABELLINI'S WORK
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The Knickerbocker hotel, NYC
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1436 Flagship Store, Beijing
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Gramercy Park Residence, NYC, Gabellini Sheppard Chapter X
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JUNICHI SAMPEI
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Sampei, Junichi was born in 1968 in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. In 1995 he graduated from University of Nippon Institute of Technology with a degree in Engineering. He established his own business called A.L.X. Then became a part-time professor in Musashino Art University.
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fectural Mueseum, in Aomori, Japan. Sampei was awarded in 2005 as the 12th Space Design Competition Work, Third Prize in Tokyo Japan.
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JUNICHI SAMPEI’S WORK
House Forest built in 2012, in Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture This house is built on a land-like site to create a gentle slope. It is surrounded by low o nt n
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built independent housing, remains of the samurai residence of Kamakura period when excavated, and this place have an eye for nature and human beings.
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Denenchofu House built in 2012, in Ota Ward, Tokyo Sampei, Junichi built this site with surrounding environment that is located on a hill near the Tamagawa River, and the south side of the park which have viewings of Sakura sighting. This independent housing is a two story complex, containing the basement oor t
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light and ventilation from the natural sunlight.
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House Tokyo, Tokyo Japan, Junichi Sampei Chapter X
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House for a Photographer, Shiga Japan, FORM/ Kouichi Kimura Architects 73 Minimalist in Design
KOUICHI KIMURA
Kimura was born in 1960, Kusatsu City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. In 1991, he established FORM/ kouichi Kimura Architects. His works are known as poetic and functional minimalism, in which it explores openness and privacy, that is achieved through careful slicing and layering of wall elements, light and shadows, volumes, and spaces.
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KOUICHI KIMURA’S WORK
House for Photographer, an inspired space. Built in 2017, in Shiga, Japan used as a private space. This building is constructed along the main road through the countryside. It is constructed with massive volume of galvanized iron plate, and a mortar that gives a dull light around the shape of the building. Kimura wanted to build a space for residence who are photographers to be used as a gallery. He also wanted to create a space where designers can collaborate and build workshops together.
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"Light and shadow are important to both the photographer and the architect. I felt that a theme with this as the common point could be interesting."
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House for scenes, House that creates scenery. Built in 2017, in Shiga, Japan used as a private space. ro
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street. A client of Kimura’s wanted a home that could hold private yoga classes as well as become a home to live comfortably. Kimura responded by having an external space and internal space of the lot, When you enter the building, you come across a courtyard t
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Adorable House, Tokyo, Japan, Kouchi Kimura
JIM JENNINGS
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"Since 1975, I have run my practice as a studio, which I am intimately involved with every project from design through construction."
Jim Jennings is a native Californian, with a deep connection of geometries in landscapes, and to the abstract and variable qualities of natural light. Each of his work will r
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detail is a mainstay architecture. His buildings are rational, lucid, and sustainable - and communicates a quiet strength.
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JIM JENNINGS’ WORK The Carmel House (photo on the right) Carmel, California 2014 This is a single story residence home that organizes and focuses distant valley views ro
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elements of architecture*. A very creative structural system making all walls non-bearn t
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glazing. In the results of light, climate, and landscape that harmonizes in the space of the interior layout.
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Soma House (Photo on the left) San Francisco, California 2001/2008 o
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street that is to alley in the South of Market District, where a single-family residences are eccentricity. This is a two story, 4500 square foot house, with unique and stunning r
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Desert House, Palm Springs, California, Jim Jennings
TR Residence in Belgian, Vincent Van Duysen
CHAPTER 3 Characteristics
SIMPLICITY IN FORM AND USE IN ARCHITECTURE
What does that mean? Many people may think that simplicity in architecture is a form of an enclosed space. Which may be true in some cases. It may contain geometric shapes, or none at all. The r It
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nothing extraneous.
Form takes place in considerations of how the design should derive directly from its purpose, visual expression of structure, use of industrially produced materials; the adoption of the machine aesthetic.
"Fill a space in a beautiful way."
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Kaohsiung, Taiwan Chapter Chapter3X
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MATERIALS AND FINISHES
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Contemporary Furniture
Hardwood Flooring
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IMPORTANCE OF DETAILING n
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down to only what is necessary. But why is it important? Without these details, we would see unwanted visual interest, such as sharp angles where ceilings and the wall t or n
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style to create character of the piece and make it beautiful pleasely to the eye.
An example for cabinetry like the image below, instead of raised ore recessed panels and n
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the visual noise often seen in cabinetry.
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An example of a clean, crisp window details, and a well designed facades avoid the needs for unnecessary trim works. An open space that provides natural lighting, simple aesthetics, gives a pleasing and clean minimalist solution to window articulations.
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PERSONALITY, TEXTURE, AND VISUAL INTEREST
A good minimalist house design can be achieved through simplicity in forms, materials, and details. It isn’t about your senses purging all your possessions, or ferociously cleaning your house; it has more to do with choosing an order, clarity, calmness, and intention. By focusing on a handful of minimalist elements we are not living with less, but rather drawing attention to the shape, color, and texture of the things and spaces we exists.
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Kaohsiung, Taiwan Chapter X
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INDEX Alberto Campo Baeza p. 36
Luis Barragan p. 44
Guadalajara International Book Fair p. 40
Facade House p. 46
Offices in Zamora p. 12
Minimalist Architecture Designers p. 20
Multi-Sport Pavilion p. 6, 38, 42
Michael Gabellini p. 58
Characteristics p. 88
Knickerbocker Hotel p. 60
Contents p. 11
Flagship Store, Beijin p. 62
Introduction p. 9
Gramercy Park Residence p. 64
John Pawson p. 22
Tadao Ando p. 28
Armonia Apartments p. 20, 24
Elizabeth Street Penthouse p. 32
Design Museum in London p. 26
National Art Center p. 31
Farini Bakery & Cafe p. 24
Seaside House p. 34
Jim Jennings p. 82
Vincent Van Duysen p. 52
Carmel House p. 19, 84
DB Residence in Puurs p. 17
Soma House p. 85
Alexander Wang Store p. 54
Desert House p. 86
Penthouse p. 56
Junichi Sampei p.66 House Forest p. 68 Denenchoufu House p. 70 House Tokyo p. 72 Kouichi Kimura p. 74 House for a photographer p. 10, 76 House for Scenes p. 78 Adorable House p. 80
MODERN ARCHITECTURE MINIMALIST IN DESIGN
SHEENA CHONG