Mushroom Times Mushroom Times Newsletter is published every two months by China Edible Mushroom Business Net (CEMBN) in China. Devoting to service the development of global mushroom industry. Complimentary CEMBN inner newsletter. Managing Editor: Hao Lee Executive Editor: Nina Zhang Editors: Amy Zhang Macey Li Graphic Designer: Kun Zhang Advertising Manager: Yan Chen Editorial Board: Gerard Speel Louis Avaldi Chris Bailey Jim Bob Fuller Dr. Aravinda S. Rabba Micheal John Steven Muro
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CONTENTS
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04 PG4 COVER STORY
◆ DEVELOP THE MUSHROOM INDUSTRY BY INDUSTRIALIZED IDEA PG8 SPECIAL REPORT
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◆ MULTINATIONAL VISITORS GATHERED TOGETHER TO INVOLVE IN CHINA INTERNATIONAL MUSHROOM EXPO PG14 LOCAL NEWS PG17 GLOBAL NEWS PG22 INDUSTRIALIZATION NEWS PG24 EXPERT ARTICLE
◆ QUALITY MUSHROOM HARVESTING - 2016 ◆ EFFORTS TO REDUCE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF WILD MUSHROOM
CONSUMPTION IN NEPAL
PG28 ENTERPRISE FEATURE PG34 RECIPES PG36 NEWS IN PICTURES PG39 MUSHROOMS QUOTATION PG31 PRODUCTION & CULTIVATION
M E H T LOP
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Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
Y R T S U D N I M
COVER STORY
“INDUSTRY 4.0” CREATES THE NEW MIND a) Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution, is a collective term embracing a number of contemporary automation, data exchange and manufacturing technologies. It had been defined as 'a collective term for technologies and concepts of value chain organization' which draws together Cyber-Physical Systems, the Internet of Things and the Internet of Services. The term was first used in 2011 at the Hannover Fair. In October 2012 the Working Group on Industry 4.0 chaired by Siegfried Dais (Robert Bosch GmbH) and Henning Kagermann (acatech) presented a set of Industry 4.0 implementation recommendations to the German federal government. On 8 April 2013 at the Hannover Fair, the final report of the Working Group Industry 4.0 was presented. b) Industry 4.0 facilitates the vision and execution of a "Smart Factory". Within the modular structured Smart Factories of Industry 4.0, cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world and make decentralized decisions. Over the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems communicate and cooperate with each other and with humans in real time, and via the Internet of Services, both internal and cross-organizational services are offered and utilized by participants of the value chain.
MUSHROOM PRODUCTION PATTERN a) Traditional The traditional production pattern belongs to extensive, which is limited by seasonality. This pattern also can not achieve the annual production, even more can not ensure the product quality. b) Company + Farmer “Company + Farmer” pattern has better technology than traditional due to the participation of company and farmers. Divide and Thinning between production and market. Even so, tending to pattern of industrialization can not solute the problems of traditional production. c) Industrialization Production The company can achieve the industrialization production and scale operation through using modern industrial facilities and equipment, relying on advanced technology, establishing the modern enterprise management system. In addition, the production is unaffected by external environment, and has the advantage of high productivity. However, high cost with imperfect technology.
MUSHROOM PRODUCT DEEP PROCESSING a) We can extend the mushroom industrial chain through deep processing, which is not only improve the product addition value, but also increase the competitiveness of the market. Mushroom processing industry is gradually flourished with the progress of science and technology. b) Mushroom product deep processing generally can be divided into three levels: i. Primary processing, through drying, salt and fresh to store the mushroom. ii. Deep processing, through cooking and quick-freeze to make into the flavor mushroom food. iii. Profound processing, through chemical extraction to make into medicine, nutrition, health care products and cosmetics.
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COVER STORY
APPLY “INTERNET OF THINGS” IN MUSHROOM INDUSTRY a) With the rapid development of modern information technology, “Internet of things” technology suddenly rises, which becomes the important developing direction in new industrial revolution and driving force of the world's industrial structure. The traditional mushroom production pattern begins to have informatization production technology requirements such as knowledge, information and intelligent. However, on the whole is still in its infancy, which has some of the gap compared with developed countries. b) Factory as the representation,
each of the production stage such as mushroom spawn automated production, mechanical inoculation and mechanized harvesting is scattered, and can not synthesize the data. Especially environmental monitoring of simulation research progress has been slow, we need a set of integrated technology to simulate the production steps so that improving the efficiency and reducing the risk at the greatest extent. c ) Now m u s h ro o m i n d u st r y h a s entered rapid growth through using "Internet of Things", we can accurately promote the mushroom industry
MUSHROOM INDUSTRIALIZATION PRODUCTION WILL BECOME THE MAIN TREND IN CHINA Chinese mushroom industry really developed rapidly thanks to Chinese economic reform. From 1978 to 2013, China fresh mushroom production reach 400 thousand tons to 31.697 million tons. For mushroom industry development, industrialized production is a direction. In China, many mushroom companies are going through a transformation. Scale, standardization, as the development direction, Chinese mushroom industrialized industry has emerged. Effectively controlling the cost, improving the technology content, in the face of market, improving business efficiency as an international standard operation, Chinese mushroom companies are on their way.
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further development. We all know the mushroom industry has high productivity and value-added, but investment in science and technology into obvious deficiencies, for example, shortage of talent, farmers need more technology training, relatively backward information collection and processing. More kinds of mushroom, small scale production and many cultivation patterns form Chinese mushroom industry feature, so the development of “Internet of Things” need to fit China mushroom industry development situation.
THE ADVANTAGE OF MUSHROOM MECHANIZED PRODUCTION a) Production advantage Labor productivity will be improved greatly (3 to 25 times) through mechanization production. Meanwhile, the level of specialization of production will be still improved. In a relatively short time, high productivity but is not affected by season. c) Economic advantage Save a lot of manpower and material resources and expenses. Through mechanical slicing, crushing process, etc, agriculture and forestry indirect materials become the main substrate to cultivate mushrooms so that we can change the resource advantage into commodity economy advantage.
b) Quality advantage Compared with the manual production, mechanization production has some obvious advantages such as high degree of specialization, production stability, purification condition is superior, the strict management system. d) Practical advantage Mechanization production is suitable for individual and unit production. The size of production scale can be confirmed through composite factors such as money, sales, mode of operation, technology power and resource conditions.
SPECIAL REPORT
MULTINATIONAL VISITORS GATHERED TOGETHER TO INVOLVE IN CHINA INTERNATIONAL MUSHROOM EXPO It is reported that “2016 China (Hefei) International Mushroom New Product and Technology Expo and Market Circulation Summit” was successfully concluded in Hefei City. This exposition not only invited famous domestic enterprises, but also attracted some participators of about 24 foreigners from Netherlands, India, Thailand, Ukraine, Korea, America and BSMI. Before the exhibition, International Department of China Edible Mushroom Business Net respectively made detailed plans for them, everything was orderly planned from arranging hotel accommodation to docking Chinese enterprises. International Department strives to make every foreign friends enjoy internationalized first-rate service of CEMBN while visiting the expo. An India purchaser expressed that: “I am grateful to CEMBN for its business communication platform, although it is my first visit to China, but your thoughtful service made me feel the warmth of home, it’s enjoyable and unforgettable!”
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Mr. Peter is an Asia Sales Manager from Netherlands who specializes in temperature control system of edible fungus. He indicated that: “I have been making business contacts with CEMBN for several times, it is a good choice to attend the exposition and it is really meaningful. Through this platform, we can directly know about the cultivation and production situation of edible fungus in China.” During this exposition, under the help of International Department of CEMBN, Thailand’s representative of manufacturing enterprise, Mr. Pongsak, Thailand’s representative of edible fungus enterprise, Mr. Preecha and Indian representative of Button mushroom deep processing enterprise, Mr. Yuga respectively docked with Chinese enterprises and established business relationships. In recent years, Chinese edible fungus industry is developing rapidly. On the one hand, the cultivation technology and equipment are gradually transferring from traditional model to advanced, industrialization and intelligent model, but on the other hand, superiorities on talent, technology and equipment are leading Chinese edible fungus enterprises occupy the initiative in the international big stage. The success of the expo witnessed expectations of foreign friends and met their willingness for collaboration. At the same time, by participating the expo, they also witnessed big changes which are brought by the rapid development of Chinese edible fungus industry. Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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LOCAL NEWS COLLEGE STUDENT RETURNED HOME TO RUN A BUSINESS AND BECAME “MUSHROOM QUEEN” In recent years, many female college students returned home, utilized their own knowledge, perspiration to run mushroom business and leaded farmers to get rich. Yanglan, who is a 36 years old villager and lives in Jilin Province, Changchun City, after graduation in 2002, she gave up the chance to be a teacher in town, returned home, strove together with her husband and established professional edible fungus cultivation cooperation. Till now, more than 70 greenhouses have been built and more than 100 villagers jointed with them to enlarge production scale. Now the annual profit reaches about 20000 CNY. In order to make more farmers get rich, Yang utilized far, she has leaded more than 2200 farmers to engage relevant knowledge and based on current rural situation in edible fungus cultivation and she is kindly called to set up Agricultural Technology Training School. Thus “Mushroom Queen”.
A GIANT GANODERMA WAS FOUND IN GUIDONG COUNTY Lately, a villager of Hunan Xinfang Village unexpectedly found a giant Ganoderma under a tree of over a hundred years old. According to measurement, the Ganoderma is 74 centimeters long, 39 centimeters wide, 15 centimeters high and weights 10.72 catty. Relevant experts from Agricultural Sector appraised that it is rare, has an age of about 100 years and belongs to Wood Ganoderma, but it has no medicinal value.
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ENLARGE CULTIVATION AREA AND DEVELOP FEATURED AGRICULTURE In 2016, Lianoning Province, Liaozhong City follows the general requirements of “change development mode, strengthen modern agriculture”, boosts agricultural transformation and upgrading, promotes agriculture to improve quality and effectiveness, strives to develop featured agriculture. Edible fungus serves as an emerging featured industry and it has become an important way for farmers to increase income. This year, Liaozhong City will enlarge cultivation area of edible fungus, develop relevant leisure agricultural tourism, popularize cultivation way of Straw mushroom, take various measures to stimulate the development of edible fungus and modern urban agriculture.
LOCAL NEWS USING MULBERRY BRANCH AS THE SUBSTRATE TO CULTIVATE MUSHROOM ,NOW APPEARS ON THE MARKET Recently, mushroom farmers of Sichuan Dongxing Cooperative are busying picking edible fungus. According to information, Dongxing district is a big city with abundant resources of silkworms. In order to utilize that resource and broaden farmer’s channels of increasing income, Dongxing District collaborated with academic institutions and tried to develop edible fungus cultivation through using mulberry branch as the substrate in 2015. At present, 7000 square meters of edible fungi have appeared on the market and are well received by customers, the market price reaches up to 20 CNY/KG.
BAOXING MODERN AGRICULTURE COMPANY SUCCESSFULLY CULTIVATED COLLYBIA ALBUMINOSA Of all wild fungus, Collybiia albuminosa has a delicious taste and very popular with customers. However, with the increasing market demand, wild Collybia albuminosa is becoming in short supply and its price is constantly rising. In order to meet customer’s demand and enrich people’s basket, Sichuan Baoxing Modern Agriculture Company started many experiments and successfully cultivated Collybia albuminosa. It not only marks the technology mastery of artificial cultivation, but also presents a positive role on large scale development of rare fungus. The person in charge reveals that the company’s next step is to make their products appear on the market and enable consumers to taste at any time.
YUNAN SUCCESSFULLY CULTIVATED YELLOW MOREL
A few days ago, Yunnan Yimen Food Company successfully introduced rare edible fungus -- Yellow morel. In the trial base of the company, Yellow morel has a desirable growth trend. After the successful cultivating, the company also leaded some farmers to cultivate and got succeed. Now the trial area reached 10 acres and existed many models such as underwood planting, facility planting and sporadic planting. According to estimation, one acre yield can harvest 200 kilograms of Yellow morel , get an income of 20000 to 25000 CNY. The success of trial planting will enrich varieties of edible fungi, it is also good for promoting the development level of Yimen Edible Fungus Industry and broadening the approach to increase income.
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LOCAL NEWS MUSHROOM CULTIVATION CHANGED OLD VISAGE IN POOR VILLAGES At present, villagers in Henan Province are busying carrying out mushroom cultivation. Since the introduction of mechanical equipment, the production efficiency has been greatly increased. A villager indicated that owing to the advanced machines, sufficient electricity, the production of edible fungus is more convenient. The output increased more than 5000 bags. According to information, in recent years, Wafanggou Village adjusted measures to local conditions, leaded villagers to vigorously develop the production of edible fungus. Their products are sold well to Beijing, Guangzhou, shanghai and other places, which solved their subsistence problem and they are even gradually becoming well-off level. The village’s party secretary indicates that they will enlarge production scale this year.
MUSHROOM DEEP-PROCESSING PROJECTS ARE STARTED, THE TOTAL INVESTMENT IS 1 BILLION CNY Recently, some key projects in Hebei Province started working. Among them, 15 projects possess the total investment of 9.02 billion CNY in Neiqiu City . According to information, one of the project is from Hebei Simon Edible Fungus Development Company, which has the total investment of 1 million CNY on edible fungus production and deep processing project. The company will also effectively lift the production level of Neiqiu City, promote the development on scale, standard of edible fungus and drive the farmers to increase income.
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SANMENXIA EDIBLE FUNGUS FIRSTLY EXPORTED TO MEXICO
It is reported that after passing inspection, a batch of 7.7 tons dried edible fungi firstly exported from Sanmenxia City to Mexico, which values 1 million CNY. In recent years, Sanmenxia edible fungus export had a good development trend. There are four achievements. The first one is the export value doubled year by year, last year, the export value exceeded more than 100 million dollars. The second is the export enterprises increased from 1 to 15. The third is the leading result is obvious. This export boosted people’s enthusiasm, enlarged the cultivation area and increased the number of employees. The last one is the diversification of trade. Now, edible fungus has become a characteristic pillar industry in Sanmenxia City.
GLOBAL NEWS GLOBAL NEWS
INDIA: STATE TO PROMOTE MUSHROOM FARMING
It is reported that Dehradun will be promoting mushroom cultivation in a big way. All efforts will be made to encourage mushroom cultivation in the state. Chief Minister Harish Rawat said the State Cooperative Department and the Horticulture Department would prepare a plan to provide training at the government’s cost to women who were inclined to take up mushroom farming. Rawat, who even tasted salad and pickle made of mushrooms, said mushroom farming had much scope in the hill region of the state as the weather conditions were favorable for it. He also highlighted that mushrooms can be grown in vacant houses and can be regarded as an important tool for strengthening the livelihood of villagers. (source: tribuneindia.)
Vietnam: Cultivate edible mushroom to become rich
According to information, in recent years, citizens of Da Nang have started to cultivate edible mushrooms. Hundreds of families have shaken off poverty and become rich. The chairman of Da Nang Cooperative expressed that citizens have been committed to cultivating edible mushrooms. Now, they can cultivate 6000 bags of fresh mushroom everyday and the price has risen from original 55 Vietnamese dong per Jin to 120 Vietnamese dong per Jin. At the same time, the cultivation also solved citizen’s problem of employment. In the future, they will introduce better strains and cultivate superior mushrooms. (source: kinhdoanh.)
Thailand: Found a giant Ganoderma, which weights 7 kg
Recently, a giant Ganoderma was found by a native in Carclazyte Park, which appears puce, fresh, seems like bark and peacock. After measurement, the giant Ganoderma weights 7.4 kg and is 18 inches in length. According to information, Ganoderma is widely recognized as “Panacea” and existed in more than 2000 years ago. It has great medicinal value and the efficiency of prolonging life, improving immune system and curing cancer. Relevant experts indicated that such a giant Ganoderma is rather rare in medicinal fungus and medical field. (source: thairath.) Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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GLOBAL NEWS GLOBAL NEWS
UK: Found a 440-million-year-old mushroom fossil
Recently, British researchers found a mushroom fossil and call it “Tortotubos”. According to researchers, the fossil is the pioneer of organic matter on dry land. Dr Martin Smith, of Durham University indicated that over 440 million years ago, the organic matter transformed the soil of the earth, laid a foundation for the growth of animals and plants. During the period when this organism existed, life was almost entirely restricted to the oceans. But before there could be flowering plants or trees, or the animals that depend on them, the processes of rot and soil formation needed to be established. This fossil provides a hint that mushroom-forming fungi may have colonised the land before the first animals left the oceans. It fills an important gap in the evolution of life on land. (source: dailymail.)
USA: Establish professional
testing place of edible fungus According to information, Kansas Department of Agriculture made a alliance with University of Kansas and established specialized testing place of edible fungus. The place will open soon and it is a professional place that is used for inspecting local edible fungus, that is to say, before selling their mushrooms out, local mushroom merchants should firstly pass the inspection by professional technicians, which can make assurances for citizen’s food safety. What’s more, some wild mushrooms also can be sent for professional testing and inspection. (source: nutraingredients-usa.)
Mexico: Market company of edible fungus and mushroom farm got polarized
According to information, in Mexico, lots of small farms seem very good, but actually they are not. The local reality is low cost, low quality, insufficient fund, small scale and small production. What’s more, local government makes light of edible fungus industry, so few people dare to try. With the passage of time, some farms end up and some new farms open a business. Local market companies of edible fungus and mushroom farms got polarized, which represents is cruel reality. According to information, main varieties of Mexico edible fungi are Button mushroom, Portabella and Oyster mushroom, although local universities provide Industry Curriculum, but they can’t provide real practical experience.
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GLOBAL NEWS GLOBAL NEWS
Turkey: Oyster mushroom has desirable markets
In recent years, due to pork contains more fat and some harmful substances, many Turkish people are gradually replacing them by Oyster mushrooms, which not only contain higher abundant nutrition, proteins, mineral substances, but also are regarded as natural health food. Mushroom merchants expressed that Oyster mushrooms are sold in a rapid speed everyday in Turkey market, now, the daily sales volume reaches 100 kg. In the future, it is hopeful to rise to 200 kg. (source: oncekorfez.)
Italy: Introduce Coffee grounds in mushroom cultivation
According to information, the annual consumption of Coffee is more than 300,000 tons in Italy. In reaction to this phenomenon, Lavazza World Expo came up with a new cultivation method. The Expo collected 1500 tons of coffee grounds and successfully cultivated more than 150 kg of mushrooms. Local expert indicated that Caffeine can promote the growth of plants. Coffee grounds are rich in cellulose, which is needed for the growth of fungus. Recycling coffee grounds can not only reduce pollution and waste, but also can create benefits again. Currently, local Department of Agriculture is updating relevant technologies for the cultivation of Oyster mushroom and Boletus. (source: agenziafuoritutto.)
Kenya: Reaps big from
backyard mushroom farming It is reported that two sisters in Kimironko, Gasabo District were in a bid to supplement their income and save on foodstuffs, decided to start a commercial farming venture at their home in Kimironko. Because the family has a small backyard, mushroom growing was the ideal farming activity. One of sisters, Karangwa said That’s how the family started C&F Agrobusiness, one of the few mushroom growing enterprises in Kigali. It is revealed that the decision was inspired by Karangwa’s ‘chance’ visit to Kigali Farms, which promotes mushroom growing, among other high-value crops. Karangwa says the visit enabled her to learn how to grow and care for mushrooms, as well as marketing techniques. She says they opted for mushrooms because they are easy to grow and can be grown on the smallest space available. Growing mushrooms does not require big chunks of land, so the family’s backyard was enough. The crop does not require a lot of expertise to grow, it is high-value and one can start harvesting after a few days compared to other crops that take months to mature. It is also a nutritious farm product for the young and old alike. She also indicated that the project stays afloat because it is driven by the need to improve earnings and ensure sustainable income for them. They have put in place strong strategies to ensure the project continues to grow and become a major source of the income. (source: newtimes.) Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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GLOBAL NEWS GLOBAL NEWS
Indonesia: “Wood Edible Fungus” is enjoying good prospects
In recent years, citizens in Garut District have tended to utilize bits of wood to cultivate edible mushroom. According to the date presentation, more than 40 enterprises are engaging in the production of “Wood Edible Fungus” and its production has been increasing year after year in Indonesia. In 2014, the production reaches 5 million tons and now has increased to 7 million tons. According to information, edible fungus can be classified in two types, which are wood rotting fungus and straw rotting fungus. Common wood rotting fungi are Shiitake, Enoki mushroom, Oyster mushroom and King oyster mushroom, common straw rotting fungi are Straw mushroom, Button mushroom and Bamboo fungus. Relevant principals from Indonesia Department of Forestry indicated that “Wood Edible Fungus” has a short growth cycle, considerable economic benefit and possesses perspectiveness. (source: inilahkoran.)
USA: Renowned Matrix Mushroom Company is going global
According to information, mushrooms are on track to become one of the go-to ingredients for 2016, and not just for its culinary uses in raw form. Market analyses such as that by SPINS see mushroom-derived products are becoming more in demand and widespread for its reported medicinal and health benefits. One company benefiting from this wave of increased interest and awareness is renowned Matrix Mushroom Company, which will relaunch as OM - Organic Mushroom Nutrition - at Natural Products Expo West 2016. The founder Sandra Carter expressed that the company is in rapid development rapid and is going global, the growth has been really substantial. She also revealed that the company just removed into a new facility, which is a 21,000 square foot facility in Carlsbad and they are expanding into a third facility that is 65,000 square feet in late 2016. (source: nutraingredients-usa.)
Japan: Launched popular mushroom chips Recently, a kind of snack called “Mushroom Manma” was launched in Japan and sold out in a short time after launching. Many customers expressed that it is really delicious and they have bought boxes of it for their families . According to information, “Mushroom Manma” is a kind of dried Shiitake slices. It has two flavors, which are soy sauce taste and original taste. It seems like common Shiitake slices from outward appearance and the local price is 160 Yen per bag. According to relevant principal, “Mushroom Manma” is popular for its natural raw material - Shiitake. Shiitake is rich in abundant nutrition and protein. Dried Shiitake is more delicious. What’s more, it is also the health food.(source: excite.)
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INDUSTRIALIZATION NEWS THE PROJECT OF “MODERN AGRICULTURE EDIBLE FUNGUS INDUSTRIAL PARK” STARTED ITS CONSTRUCTION
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t i s r e p o r t e d t h a t Wu c h u a n C i t y ascertained a modern and high efficient agriculture, which is focus on edible fungus. What’s more, an edible fungus industry base for poverty alleviation was founded to help farmers increase income. According to information, the project is located in Bagudi Village, with the total area of 1200 mu and the investment of 85 million CNY. It plans to expand 500 greenhouses, the anticipated income can be 35000 to 45000 CNY. It will also lead 3 village committees, 15 natural villages to cultivate edible fungus and solve their problem of employment.
DEVELOP YELLOW MOREL CULTIVATION, AND HELP FARMERS INCREASE INCOME
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t p r e s e n t , a fa r m e r i n Sichuan Province, Baoxing C i t y i s b u sy i n g p i c k i n g Ye l l o w m o re l at h o m e . According to information, till now, she has cultivated 3.5 mu of Yellow morel. The present peak season also brings numerous orders and the estimated income is 20000 CNY. It is introduced that she is the first person that started to cultivate Yellow morel and she earned her first pot of gold in 2014. After that, under the leadership of her, more and more farmers are encouraged to cultivate edible fungus. Now, the cultivating area has reached 11 mu, cooperative member also increased from 5 to 26, more and more poor households are overcoming poverty and becoming rich.
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HENGZHOU BIOLOGY INDUSTRIALIZED KING OYSTER MUSHROOM PROJECT COMES INTO OPERATION
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e c e n t l y, J i a n g s u H e n g z h o u Biotechnology Limited Company holds the starting ceremony in modern agricultural industrial park of Jiangsu Province. According to information, Jiangsu Hengzhou Biotechnology Limited Company specializes in industrialized King oyster mushroom, the company covers an area of 225 mu, has the total investment of 130 million CNY, has 110 tons of daily output. The company will put into operation at the end of November. On that occasion, the company will achieve the annual turnover of 230 million CNY and 45 million CNY of profit.
INSTALL SOLAR PANELS FOR THE MUSHROOM GREENHOUSES
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t is reported that Shanxi Zhaidian Mushroom Cooperative combined mushroom cultivation with solar power generation and formed intensive a gri c u l t u re d evelopment mode. In the process of growth on mushroom, it should not only avoid direct sun and rain, but also remain a sound ventilation environment. Installing solar panels on top of mushroom greenhouses can save the land and achieve power function, at the same time, it can also provide good condition for the growth of mushroom.
Mushroom Times ¡ Mar/Apr 2016
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EXPERT ARTICLE
QUALITY MUSHROOM HARVESTING - 2016 JAMES S. MILLER (JSM@SYLVANINC.COM)
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INTRODUCTION: The successful cultivation of mushrooms is one of the biggest challenges of all of the food crops being produced today. The acquisition and preparation of raw materials needed to produce a profitable crop of mushrooms can be a daunting task with many pitfalls. By the time a crop has reached the pinning stage, the vast majority of the farms investment has been made. Much of the payoff and profit in a mushroom crop will rely on the proper harvesting techniques practiced at the farm. When followed correctly, a solid harvesting strategy will enable a farm to efficiently pick a quality crop of mushrooms.
EXPERT ARTICLE
STRATEGY: To begin with, every mushroom farm needs a harvesting plan or strategy in place. What are some of the things that should be included in this plan? 1 - What are you trying to accomplish? A - What are the market demands? B - What sizes are needed to supply your customer’s needs? C - What types of packaging is required to properly present your product? 2 - Harvesters. A - Are you harvesters properly trained? B - Do the farm have program in place to monitor harvester performance? C - Is there a clear line of communication between the harvesting supervisor and the harvester? 3 - Measuring Results. A - Is there a way to measure harvester performance currently in place? B - There are software programs available to assist the farm so that they may monitor the efficiency of the harvesters, supervisors and packers. C - Positive feedback can be relayed back to the farm personnel using the results of these programs to help improve the harvesting process.
HARVESTING PREPARATION: Setting up a crop of mushroom pins for size and quality is best accomplished by u s i n g a co m b i n at i o n o f R H (humidity) CO2 manipulation and air temperature. There are many variables than may effect the way that a grower will use this environmental tools for pinning, and they may vary. As a general rule, the warmer the air, the higher the RH and CO2 level is in the
room, will cause less pinning but larger mushrooms. On the other hand, cooler air, along with low RH and CO2 levels will produce more pins. A seasoned grower will know how to manage a room using these tools to pin the crop in a manner that will satisfy the farms market demands. (More specific information on these techniques can be discussed by contacting your Sylvan rep directly).
HARVESTING PROCEDURES AND PICKING TECHNIQUES: In most cases, day one and two of harvesting is dedicated to the “thinning” of the pins. This is to help the “principle” mushrooms grow to their maximum potential size. Proper thinning early will help lead to a better quality and yield later in the break. It will also make the harvesting of the mushrooms easier and more efficient. For example: A medium size mushroom generally runs approximately 40 to 55 mm. If you pick a 40mm capsize mushroom, you’ll get 22 grams of mushrooms containing about 45 actual pieces. On the other hand, if you a 55 mm mushroom, you will get 40 grams of mushrooms with about 25 mushrooms, essentially taking up the same amount of packaging. Selective picking is the most cost effective and efficient way to harvest mushrooms. In conjunction with a picking supervisor and the marketing team, a harvester is directed to pick a particular size mushroom that is desired by the customer. Because mushrooms grow very rapidly at this Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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EXPERT ARTICLE
a few hours per day and started off by learning the “thinning” or “pruning" techniques used at the farm.
HARVESTER HYGIENE:
point, approximately 5 mm every 5 hours, the harvester may need to pass over the same areas three times or more per day to pick the mushroom as they are ready to be harvested. Harvesters should be instructed on how to handling mushrooms by using their finger tips and the palm of their hands. Removal the mushrooms from the bed is used by gently grabbing the mushroom and with a twist and a pull, picking it off. Once removed, it is best to hold the mushroom high in the hand for easier and cleaner cutting of the stem. The harvesters should avoid any double handling of the mushroom as this will slow down the process and can cause bruising of the skin. The stem is 10% of the mushroom’s total weight, so be careful to leave as much stem as possible. Longer stem length helps to give the mushroom longer shelf life as well. The stem length should be approximately half as long as the width of the cap. As soon as possible after harvesting, mushrooms should be shipped to a temperature control packing room or cooler. Once there, the product will need to be inspected and graded by quality control professionals before being shipped to the customer.
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HARVESTER TRAINING: Start a new harvester off by explaining the growing system and the farms market demands. Conduct a full farm walk. Explain in detail the packaging, sizing and weight requirements, etc. followed by the farms "Picking Protocol". When possible, posters for visual aids to help explain the te c h n i q u e s a n d t o o b s e r v e t h e difference between correctly and poorly harvested mushrooms. The new harvester should be trained for at least
Proper hygiene is needed at all times and harvesters should be especially vigilant. A hygiene program will help prevent breakouts of diseases that could devastate a mushroom crop, such as Trichoderma Harzianum and Verticillium Fungicola or (Dry Bubble). Always begin harvesting in the youngest room. If there is disease present in the room, be sure that it is marked and cared for right away. Never pick a disease mushroom until after it has been treated. Never go from a diseased room to a disease free room with out taking the proper cleaning and wash up procedures. This would mean washing and disinfecting knives, tools, buckets and washing clothes and hands. Dirt and mushroom flesh or stems should not be left on the floor after picking. Floors should be cleaned and when possible, washed down and disinfected.
IN SUMMARY: Have a harvesting strategy in place before getting started Properly setting up your crop during the case hold period and will save you time and money later on in the pinning process. Study the life cycle of a mushroom, especially concerning the speed of grow th and cap size. Use proper picking techniques to assist the pickers financially and to produce better quality mushrooms. Focusing on the entire picking process is vital for long term success in the marketplace. Follow a strict and thorough hygiene program at all times. Provide harvesters with a well thought out training program and continuing direction.
EXPERT ARTICLE
Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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EXPERT ARTICLE
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Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
EXPERT ARTICLE
Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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ENTERPRISE FEATURE
GREEN, ENERGY SAVING, HIGH EFFICIENCY, SAFETY AIFEIER, MUSHROOM PLANT DESIGNER
“Create value for customers, and help enterprises improve efficiency.” 30
Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
Yancheng Aifeier mushroom Equipment Technology Co., Ltd. ( Yancheng Aifeier Steel Ltd. ) is engaged in mushroom factory plant research, development, design, construction and steel structure engineering design, manufacture, installation as one of professional company, with two professional qualifications (national housing construction general contracting and steel secondary qualification contracted), the registered capital of 20 million yuan. Over the years concentrated on studying technical, specialized in industrial, civil steel, trusses, truss plant and mushroom architectural design, manufacture, installation and service, has been unanimously praised by customers. At present, I have been successfully applied in Jiangsu, Shanghai and purchase of agricultural subsidies in the region by the company responsible for the construction of industrial plants mushroom, customers who meet certain conditions can enjoy national agricultural subsidy policy, the main scope of mushroom cultivation room, mushroom house and so on.
ENTERPRISE FEATURE
Aifeier has a rich mushroom plant design, construction and construction experience, their understanding of the process and mushroom factory layout, Aifeier can best meet their customers build mushroom factory process, the most convenient logistics transportation efficiency, rational layout mushroom plant. Aifeier has accumulated in the engineering, construction, project management, engineering and aftersales support and other areas rich experience, their excellent management system, allows them to have the confidence to provide you with superior mushroom plant, Aifeier is your most trustworthy cooperation partners.
Company culture ☆Corporate purposes leading technology industry advocacy style uphold superior quality our brand logo ☆Virtuous entrepreneurial spirit of self-improvement ☆Declaration on corporate support and work space in your life with the power of love ☆Corporate Mission is committed to the development of edible fungus Leffair ☆Operating on the scale of brand high efficiency target ☆Market-oriented business strategy mushroom winning quality-oriented technological innovation ☆Masamichi value management philosophy changes in the business operating self-employed operators open ☆Management thinking to re-assess the effect of the stage Yan Qin improve ☆Corporate culture of innovation culture love and dedication ☆Employees depend on me to develop my faith in love Phil survival by Leffair ☆Corporate values of mushroom born for society as a deposit for employees and rich and strong user Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
31
ENTERPRISE FEATURE
Desert Mushroom,
Chinese Desert Mushroom Pioneer
Desert Mushroom Biotechnology located in Butch desert of Inner Mongolia library in China. On the basis of circular economy pattern, make full use of desert ecological plants (Salix psammophila wood, Caragana microphylla wood, Seabuckthorn wood and Chinese wolfberry ) as the material for mushroom spawn bag.
“Green, safe and healthy are their Development Purposes.” 32
Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
Desert Mushroom Biotechnology created a new category of desert mushroom for the first time through using new wood rotting technology. Meanwhile, Desert Mushroom won many invention patents, and got highly regarded from mushroom industry. Desert Mushroom Biotechnology based on the concept of peopleoriented, honest, trustworthy, quality and advanced business policies to produce product. They also have advanced technology and equipment, the best talents
“Enjoy the health food, Share the harmonious life” to produce high quality product under choosing material, processing, final product and quality management form, devote to serve society. Desert Mushroom Biotechnology main produce fresh edible m u s h ro o m s a n d p ro c e s s i n g products, including Shiitake m u s h ro o m s a u c e s , M a i ta ke
ENTERPRISE FEATURE
sauces, relishes, mushroom extract products, hotpot condiments, instant vegetable soup and dried mushrooms. Desert Mushroom Biotechnology will have new concept and product to introduce our new brand. Now, they want to their new brand enter the markets around the country, so they are recruiting region agents of China. Desert Mushroom Biotechnology will base on the concept of wining by quality, fresh products, special and genuine development to service for agents. Mushroom Times ¡ Mar/Apr 2016
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RECIPES FRIED POTATO SLICES WITH HONEY MUSHROOM
CURRY FRIED RICE WITH KING OYSTER MUSHROOM
1. Ingredients: fresh Honey mushroom, potato slices, meat, pepper, ginger slices, onion segments, minced garlic, soy sauce 2. Cooking method: ①Cut meat and pepper in slices. ②Heat the pot and add oil. ③Add meat, potato slices and fry. ④Add Honey mushroom, salt, soy sauce, moderate water. ⑤Add pepper, minced garlic and fry.
1. Ingredients: rice 150g, King oyster mushroom 30g, bell pepper 15g, red pepper 15g, pea 30g, cabbage 20g 2. Condiments: a spoon of salt and curry powder, 2 spoons of olive oil 3. Cooking method: ①Wash all ingredients and cut in dices. ②Heat the pot, add olive oil and King oyster mushroom. ③Add bell pepper and red pepper. ④Add rice and fry with all vegetables. ⑤Add a spoon of curry and moderate salt, then fry and turn off the heat.
STEWED CHICKEN WITH YELLOW MOREL 1.Main ingredients: Yellow morel, black-bone chicken 2.Auxiliary material: medlar, red dates, bamboo slices, soup-stock 3. Condiments: salt, onion segments, ginger slices, cooking wine and chicken powder 4.Cooking method: ① Soak and wash Yellow morel. ② Gut, wash black-bone chicken, boil it in boiling water and then ladle out. ③ Heat the pot, add soup-stock, black-bone chicken and bring into a boil, and then skim off foam. ④ Add cooking wine, salt, chicken powder, onion segments, ginger slices, Yellow Morel, medlar, red dates and simmer in moderate heat until well stewed.
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Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
HOT AND SOUR MUSHROOM SOUP 1. Ingredients: fresh Mushroom 50g, Oyster mushroom 50g, tofu 50g, a few Black fungus, carrot, caraway, pepper powder, spiced vinegar, ginger, garlic and salt. 2. Cooking method: ①Wash Mushroom and cut in half, wash Oyster mushroom and break into pieces. ②Cut tofu into pieces and soak in water and add salt, soak Black fungus and cut into shreds, cut carrot into shreds, cut caraway into segments, cut garlic into pieces and cut ginger into shreds. ③add oil into pot, stir ginger slices and carrot together and then add Mushroom and Oyster mushroom. ④Add tofu and water into pot and add one bowl of water. ⑤Add Black fungus slices and continue to stir. ⑥Add other condiments according to your taste, lastly turn off the heat and add caraway segments.
FRIED ENOKI MUSHROOM WITH VINEGAR
1. Ingredients: Enoki mushroom, dried red pepper, salt, oil, soy sauce, vinegar, sesame oil 2. Cooking method: ①Cut roots of Enoki mushroom, boil for a while and then ladle out. ②Add some oil into the pot, turn off the heat, add dried red pepper and fry till see black red color. ③Smash dried red pepper, put into the bowl and add salt. ④Prepare a liquid: add a spoon of soy sauce, a spoon of vinegar, moderate sesame oil and then mix well. ⑤Pour the liquid on Enoki mushroom and stir well.
FRIED SHRIMP MEAT WITH BLACK FUNGUS 1. Main ingredients: Black fungus 150g, fresh shrimp meat 100g, bamboo slices 50g, heart of green vegetable 50g 2. Condiments: Cooking wine, soy sauce, salt, chopped green onion , ginger slices, oil 3. Cooking method: ①Soak Black fungus, wash shrimp meat. ②Heat the pot and add oil, chopped green onion and ginger slices. ③Add shrimp meat, cooking wine, soy sauce, salt, Black fungus, bamboo slices, heart of green vegetable and fry for a moment.
Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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NEWS IN PICTURES
LIQUID SPAWN TECHNOLOGY OF YELLOW MOREL GOT BREAKTHROUGH PROGRESS
A
few days ago, relevant person from Sichuan Baoxing Modern Agriculture Limited Company revealed that the company got breakthrough progress on liquid spawn technology of Yellow morel, which created a pioneer on liquid spawn of Yellow morel in the industry. The technology reduced infection rate, increased 20% of acre yield and filled the blank of the industry.
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Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
NEWS IN PICTURES
XINYIYUAN EDIBLE MUSHROOM TECHNOLOGY TRAINING CLASS OFFICIALLY STARTED
Recently, Shaanxi Jishan Employment Training Company organized a training of “Edible Mushroom Technology” for Shaanxi Xinyiyuan Group , which purpose is to promote the employment skill of surplus labor, the second purpose is to select staffs by their grades. Apart from more than 60 students, director of Jishan Labor and Employment Administration, members of National Rural Comprehensive Reform Standard Pilot Group, director of Agricultural Standard Research Institute from Xibei Agriculture and Forestry University took part in the training. Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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NEWS IN PICTURES
THAILAND FAMOUS CORDYCEPS MILITARIS FARM
K
asetbuddy Farm is a famous mushroom farm and cultivation training center. These years, more and more farmers learn the mushroom cultivation technology from Kasetbuddy Farm, including Cordyceps militaris, Straw mushroom and Oyster. Meanwhile, they produce many kinds of mushroom products, which are favored by customers. Recently, some visitors visit Kasetbuddy Farm, and show some pictures to us!
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Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
MUSHROOMS QUOTATION
CHINA MAIN VARIETIES OF MUSHROOMS QUOTATION (Mar to Apr, 2016)
Mushroom Name
Type Standard
Price/CNY (Mar.)
Price/CNY (Apr.)
King oyster mushroom
Fresh
1KG
5.50 CNY-7.50 CNY
5.50 CNY-7.00 CNY
Enoki mushroom
Fresh
1KG
4.50 CNY-7.00 CNY
3.50 CNY-5.00 CNY
White mushroom
Fresh
1KG
6.00 CNY-15.00 CNY
5.00 CNY-13.00 CNY
Shiitake mushroom
Fresh
1KG
4.50 CNY-16.00 CNY
4.00 CNY-16.00 CNY
White Beech mushroom
Fresh
1KG
13.30 CNY-16.00 CNY
10.00 CNY
Brown Shimeji
Fresh
1KG
10.00 CNY-14.30 CNY
9.00 CNY-10.80 CNY
Agrocybe Cylindracea
Fresh
1KG
8.50 CNY-14.00 CNY
7.00 CNY-13.00 CNY
Pleurotus Nebrodensis
Fresh
1KG
15.00 CNY-30.00 CNY 15.00 CNY-24.00 CNY
Pholiota nameko
Fresh
1KG
7.00 CNY
Photo
7.00 CNY
Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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MUSHROOMS QUOTATION
CHINA MAIN VARIETIES OF MUSHROOMS QUOTATION (Mar to Apr, 2016)
Mushroom Name
Type Standard
Price/CNY (Mar.)
Price/CNY (Apr.)
Seafood mushroom
Fresh
1KG
8.00 CNY-12.00 CNY
5.60 CNY-9.00 CNY
Oyster mushroom
Fresh
1KG
3.00 CNY-9.00 CNY
3.00 CNY-10.00 CNY
Cordyceps militaris
Fresh
1KG
16.00 CNY-20.00 CNY 16.00 CNY-20.00 CNY
Panus Giganteus
Fresh
1KG
14.00 CNY-24.00 CNY
14.00 CNY
Pleurotus Cornucopiae
Fresh
1KG
6.00 CNY-10.00 CNY
7.00 CNY-12.00 CNY
Hericium Erinaceus
Fresh
1KG
12.00 CNY-14.00 CNY
12.00 CNY
Shaggy Mane
Fresh
1KG
10.00 CNY-12.00 CNY 10.00 CNY-12.00 CNY
Straw mushroom
Fresh
1KG
16.00 CNY-18.00 CNY 14.00 CNY-16.00 CNY
Cloud Ear fungus
Fresh
1KG
3.00 CNY-7.00 CNY
3.00 CNY-7.00 CNY
Pleurotus Geesteranus
Fresh
1KG
6.00 CNY-20.00 CNY
7.00 CNY-16.00 CNY
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Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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GLOBAL MARKET
Harris Farm Supermarket, Australia (April, 2016) Mushroom Name
Type
Price($)
Standard(g)
Price/KG($)
MUSHROOM - KING OYSTER
Fresh
$3.99
200g
$39.90
MUSHROOMS BBQ FLAT
Fresh
$5.99
375g
$15.97
MUSHROOMS BLACK/ WOOD
Fresh
$4.49
100g
$44.90
MUSHROOMS ENOKI
Fresh
$5.29
100g
$52.90
MUSHROOMS GOURMET PREPACK
Fresh
$5.29
150g
$35.27
MUSHROOMS SHIITAKE
Fresh
$5.69
100g
$56.90
MUSHROOMS SHIMEJI
Fresh
$4.49
150g
$29.93
SPICE & CO (4G) PORCINI MUSHROOMS
Dried
$2.99
4g
$747.00
MUSHROOMS PORCINI DRIED & SLICED VIKING
Dried
$6.99
40g
$175.00
MUSHROOMS PORCINI DRIED & CHOPPED VIKING
Dried
$6.99
50g
$140.00
Photo
Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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GLOBAL MARKET
Efood Supermarket, Brazil (April, 2016) Mushroom Name
Type
Price($)
Standard(g)
Price/KG($)
Straw Mushroom (Medium)
Canned
$27.50
425g
$64.70
Dried Mushroom (ShiiTaKe)
Dried
$22.80
28g
$814.30
Straw Mushrooms (Broken In Brine)
Canned
$22.44
425g
$52.80
Button Mushroom (Whole)
Canned
$1.98
225g
$79.20
Oyster Mushroom
Canned
$35.76
425g
$84.14
Shiitake Nikuatsu (Shitake Mushroom)
Dried
$22.78
100g
$227.80
Peeled Straw Mushrooms
Canned
$7.05
425g
$16.60
Oyster Mushrooms
Canned
$22.80
200g
$114.00
Keripik Jamur (Mushroom Crisps)
Dried
$263.52
150g
$3,756.80
Golden Mushroom
Canned
$14.40
425g
$38.88
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Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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GLOBAL MARKET
Обжора Supermarket, Ukraine (April, 2016) Mushroom Name
Type
Price(грн)
Standard(g)
Price/KG(грн)
Грибы Бабушкин урожай 500 гр. ассорти маринованное (Mushrooms mixed pickles)
Canned
35.94 грн
500g
71.88 грн
Грибы Бабушкин урожай 500 гр. маслята маринованные (Salt Boletus)
Canned
32.09 грн
500g
64.18 грн
Грибы Бабушкин урожай 500 гр. шампиньоны маринованные (Salt Button Mushroom)
Canned
33.98 грн
500g
67.96 грн
Грибы Бабушкин урожай 500г грузди маринованные (Salt Lactarius)
Canned
24.44 грн
500g
48.88 грн
Грибы Бест Тайм Маслята 580 мл.(Salt Boletus)
Canned
52.88 грн
580g
91.17 грн
Грибы Бест Тайм Шампиньены резаные 850 гр.(Sliced Button Mushroom )
Canned
57.35 грн
850g
67.47 грн
Грибы Бест Тайм Шампиньены 314мл с/б (Salt Button Mushroom)
Canned
31.86 грн
314g
101.46 грн
Грибы Бест Тайм Посольские ассорти 580 мл. стеклянная банка (Salt Mushroom Mixed)
Canned
48.3 грн
580g
87.28 грн
Грибы Бест Тайм Шампиньены 580 мл. с/б (Button Mushroom)
Canned
67.91 грн
580g
117.09 грн
Грибы Шампиньоны фас (Грико) (Button Mushroom)
Fresh
55.31 грн
1000g
55.31 грн
Photo
Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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GLOBAL MARKET
Lgourmet Supermarket, Spain (April, 2016) Mushroom Name
Type
Price($)
Standard(g)
Price/KG($)
Dried Shiitake Mushroom Caps
Dried
$13.99
226.8g
$61.68
Dried Morel Mushrooms
Dried
$99.99
113.4g
$881.74
Dried Porcini Mushrooms (Grade Extra AB)
Dried
$49.99
453.6g
$110.21
Dried Chanterelles
Dried
$29.99
113.4g
$264.46
Dried Oyster Mushrooms
Dried
$8.99
113.4g
$79.28
Dried Porcini (Grade AA Super Premium)
Dried
$24.99
113.4g
$220.37
Dried Black Trumpet Mushrooms
Dried
$19.99
113.4g
$176.28
Dried Maitake Mushrooms
Dried
$17.99
113.4g
$158.64
Dried Stir Fry Mushroom Blend
Dried
$4.99
50.0g
$99.80
Died Mushrooms-Kinoko Mix
Dried
$12.29
113.4g
$108.38
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Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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GLOBAL MARKET
Sainsbury’s Supermarket, UK (April, 2016) Mushroom Name
Type
Price(￡)
Standard(g)
Price/KG(￡)
Sainsbury’s Closed Cup White Mushrooms
Fresh
£0.90
300g
£3.00
Sainsbury’s Closed Cup Chestnut Mushrooms
Fresh
£1.00
250g
£4.00
Sainsbury’s Chestnut Mushrooms, SO Organic
Fresh
£1.20
250g
£4.80
Sainsbury’s Mini Portobello Mushrooms
Fresh
£1.50
300g
£5.00
Sainsbury’s Mushroom Stir Fry
Fresh
£1.25
350g
£3.60
Sainsbury’s Mushrooms, Sliced
Fresh
£1.00
250g
£4.00
Sainsbury’s Oyster Mushrooms, Taste the Difference
Fresh
£1.50
125g
£12.00
Sainsbury’s Dried Portobello Mushrooms
Dried
£2.50
30g
£83.33
Sainsbury’s Dried Shiitake Mushrooms
Dried
£3.00
50g
£60.00
Sainsbury’s Dried Mushroom Selection
Dried
£3.00
30g
£100.00
Photo
Mushroom Times · Mar/Apr 2016
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PRODUCTION & CULTIVATION MAIN POINTS OF ENOKI MUSHROOM CULTIVATION 1. Temperature: Enoki mushroom belongs to fruiting performance at low temperature. Hypha can grow within 3 to 34 degrees, optimum growth temperature is between 20 to 30 degrees. 2. Humidity: hypha grows most rapidly when the water content of substrate is between 63 and 65 percent, hypha grows most slowly with more content of substrate. Relative air humidity of mushroom house should be kept between 80 to 90 percent. 3. Air: Enoki mushroom is a kind of aerobic fungus, when producing mushroom, sufficient oxygen should be given. 4. PH value: Enoki mushroom needs mild acid substrates, hypha can grow when the scope of PH is between 3 to 8.4. Suitable scope of PH is between 4 to 7. 5. Light: Enoki mushroom is a kind of photophobic fungus, hypha can grow in dark condition, light plays a key role in maturing sporocarp.
THE METHOD OF SALTING OYSTER MUSHROOM
1. Boiling: put fresh Oyster mushroom into the boiling water and boil for 7 to 10 minutes, ladle out and put in clean mat. 1. Salting: put Oyster mushrooms into 25% of salt solution, after 12 to 24 hours of curing, check the concentration of brine, when it drop to 15 percent, ladle mushrooms out and soak in freshly prepared salt solution, which must exceed mushroom and be covered with gauze. In order to prevent decomposition, 0.2% of citric acid should be added and cure for 15 to 20 days. 3. Storing: after salting mushrooms, ladle them out, drain off, put into freshly prepared salt solution and capping to preserve it. After several days of observation, selective examination for quality and weight should be done, outward transport can be arranged when the brine strength is no less than 20 percent.
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Mushroom Times ¡ Mar/Apr 2016
THE MANUFACTURE METHOD OF DRIED OYSTER MUSHROOM Oyster mushroom contains more water, so before roasting, firstly dry fresh Oyster mushroom in the hot sun and preheat the curing facility in about 40 degrees so as to eliminate internal temperature. When roasting, put them in order of figures and make sure that stem down. Control initial temperature in about 35 degrees, after one hour, increase the temperature to 45 to 50 degrees and after 5 hours, increase to 60 degrees. What’s more, the top grade of Oyster mushroom is golden yellow color, with deep flavor.
MATTERS NEEDING ATTENTION ON TOPDRESSING OF EDIBLE MUSHROOM THE SELECTION Farmers should pay attention to the adding method. Common OF STRAINS ways of adding nutrient solution are spraying, soaking and hole irrigating. The appropriate concentration should be given: when giving high concentration of nutrient solution, the absorb of spawn will become difficult, it will also damage spawn. When giving too low concentration of nutrient solution, effect will be not evident and can’t meet the purpose of increasing production. The nutrient of solution should be comprehensive: farmers should always use various nutrient solutions, so the nutrition that required for the growth of sporocarp will be comprehensive and reasonable. Farmers should also pay attention to environmental changes, when the temperature reaches above 20 degrees, it will be hard for spawn to form superior sporocarp. On that occasion, nutrient solution can not be added except for the variety of high temperature edible mushroom. If the compost has been contaminated by sundry fungus, so fungistat should be added to prevent the spread of bacteria.
Good strains are the premise to realize high yield edible fungus, usable strains should possess these characteristics: 1. Bottleneck is wrapped tightly, with no cracks in strain bottle or strain bag. 2. Has appropriate strain age, generally no more than 4 months. 3. With white, uniform and healthy hypha, cling to bottle walls, has no phenomenon of shrinkage, has no ashen, black, croci and other mixed color. 4. Has good integrality, stretchy, has no loose or gum phenomenon. 5. Has the fragrance of hypha, has no stink or sour flavor.
Mushroom Times ¡ Mar/Apr 2016
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