BA3 Studio A City Within the City Part 02

3.2A CITY WITHIN THE CITY

the journey through the city

“A city can only be reconstructed in the form of urban quarters” The City within a City. Krier Leon

Contents:

Resolution: A 3.1 Project Recap pg. 02-03 Statement of Intent pg. 04

T he Big Pebble pg. 05-06

T he Six Technical Pages pg. 07-12

The Six Technical Pages pg. 07-12 Construction Sequence pg. 26

Detailed Resolution:

Explaining the Journey pg. 15

A Cor ner Explored (1:50/1:5) pg. 14-18

The Envelope (1:20) pg. 19

The Handshake (1:20/1:5) pg. 20-24

Exhibit: MasterPlan and The Journey pg. 25

Plan(s) (1:200) pg. 26-27

Section(s)(1:200) pg. 27-28

Elevation(s)(1:200) pg . 29-30

Refection: Five Points of Reflection pg. 30

Understanding the Organisation of Programme and Massing Coordinating with Site Strategy and Occupational Use

3.1 RECAP: moving forwards

Progressing from Studio 3.1

The proposals design developed a building which was successful in creating a dynamic space in which could house a create community and commerce hub for the youth of Preston. The analysis of the public realm, threshold and response to site allowed for site strategy to be administered through the massing and design of theoretical form.

Design and fine detailing can be further addressed in structural strategy, addressing the experiential factors of the site and further iterations and amendments to the adjacencies and discrepancies found in the general arrangement of the proposal. These point refer to the3.1 ‘Five Points of Development’.

Construction detailing must enable both consideration to the climate emergency in terms of properties and sourcing. 3.1 left the proposal of speculation of a timber framethis will be developed in order to understand properties of deep retrofit but also create forms of which are more gracious within the space. As shown above the masses are of similar size, in analysis to surrounding context, these are over sized and do not connect to the rhythm of Preston town centre as a whole.

Experiential understanding of the proposal will enable clarity to the way spaces are sized, felt and used both tangibly and intangibly. In order to understand this material, structural and fine detailing will be picked to progress of the initial preconceptions formed in 3.1. To further progress the scheme’s implementation of Barcelona’s urban grain, there will be further consolidation of how this can be based further onto Preston.

Centralised Internal Space

The use of a central mass or void to physicality and visually link connected spaces. Arterial routes can be forged off this and subsidiary blocks of facility types can be easily defined. This links to site analysis of market squares to link to the commerce of the manifesto brief.

Node Landmark with Indication of Axial Route historical and current site evidencing that there is a through route from the Preston High Street to Preston Bus Station via Lancaster Road and the site. The proposal can utilities this the maintain and use this. The node is imperative to create a landmark to create links to commerce (as discussed pg.7).

Dense Interconnected Segments Creating a ‘city within a city’ with inspiration of form from within Preston currently and previously (market and site density). Creating an interweaves master plan to promote hodology routes between programme masses.

Catalyst of Ideas Inwardly and Outwardly

Using links and form within design to permeate ideas throughout the proposal and reciprocate these inwardly and outwardly to the site. This creates a community space of sharing.

Permeable Links Visually and Physically within and Externally to Site

A use of form and design to create links internally and externally between either different spaces within the proposal or the exterior context to the proposal on site.

Site Strategy to Incorporate from 3.1

Ariel View of 3.1 Proposal

Credit: 3.1 Studio Charlotte Bell

Credit: 3.1 Studio Charlotte Bell

Implementable Design Features into Plan

3.1 RECAP: the main components

Strategy of the Scheme Studio 3.1

The proposals design developed a building which was successful in creating a dynamic space in which could house a create community and commerce hub for the youth of Preston. The analysis of the public realm, threshold and response to site allowed for site strategy to be administered through the massing and design of theoretical form.

Construction detailing must enable both consideration to the climate emergency in terms of properties and sourcing. 3.1 left the proposal of speculation of a timber frame- this will be developed in order to understand properties of deep retrofit but also create forms of which are more gracious within the space. As shown above the masses are of similar size, in analysis to surrounding context, these are over sized and do not connect to the rhythm of Preston town centre as a whole.

Experiential understanding of the proposal will enable clarity to the way spaces are sized, felt and used both tangibly and intangibly. In order to understand this material, structural and fine detailing will be picked to progress of the initial preconceptions formed in 3.1. To further progress the scheme’s implementation of Barcelona’s urban grain, there will be further consolidation of how this can be based further onto Preston.

Using structural forms to create a ‘landmark’. The motif shape mirror the pitched roofing of the Lancaster Rd. Terrace

The Boulevard A substantial and direct street to landmark, with the width and dimensions to allow occupation and recreational use

The Junction A pedestrianised road meeting which is enclosed into a ‘square by the perimeter buildings

The Plaza A ‘landlocked’, large area enclosed by the perimeter buildings. The streets and entrances leading to this are either significant or hidden for different impacts. Can be a courtyard only accessed by perimeter buildings

The Super Block A portion of he city comprising of a group of city blocks which are either pedestrianised or have limited automobiles. This promotes use of the city scape

The Street Pedestrian routes between the different block. Smaller and less grand than ‘The Boulevard’, however, more significant than the pedestrianised cut through.

Credit: 3.1 Studio Charlotte Bell

Credit: 3.1 Studio Charlotte Bell

Credit: 3.1 Studio Charlotte Bell

Retrofitting of the Lancaster Rd. terrace is essentially to the scheme

Maintaining the front facade with intervention of the eastern elevation for utility of fire stair etc.

A colonnade on the Lord St. elevation enabling a landmark from this vantage point. Exploration into structural forms to create this is needed

Junction between the Lord St. mill and proposal remains low rise and linear for simple connection

Space landscaped in theory to accentuate desire lines to key landmarks of Preston’s city centre

The Brutalist Preston Guild Hall enables precidents for angular roof lines which would replicate the urban landscape

Lord St. Elevation Tithbarn St. Elevation

Statement of Intent Leading to Site Analytical Proposal Strategy

The intent of this Proposal is to create a youth hub where by the youth community of Preston can connect with a place in the city. By means of creativity, the hub can bring these people to share knowledge, skills and trade products. It is integral to create a design which enhances and facilitates in order to catalyse the desired activity in the building.

Site Physical Strategies in 3.1 create a base to form more sophisticated and indepth strategies to bring forwards in the project. The 3.1 Site Physical Strategies are 01. Centralised Internal Space, 02. Node Landmark with Indication of Axial Route, 03. Dense Interconnected Segments, 04. Catalyst of Ideas Inwardly and Outwardly, 05. Permeable Links Visually and Physically within and Externally to Site. These site physical strategies enabled a methodology of massing, programming and strategy in creating a

proposal which fulfilled the project manifesto and brief.

To build upon these areas of concern are: (01) visually and physically making the site permeable to activity and intrigue, (02) creating a building which is ingrained within its urban context via the material, style and cultural status. The five proposal strategies all centre around these two areas of concern. These will spur design into a way which will honour the brief and manifesto as well as keeping the environment, accessibility and inclusive-ity as other key drivers of the design.

The proposed five proposal strategies (thus two areas of concern) will shape a viable and successful design- full filling both manifesto (ref. 3.1) and the brief.

Five Proposal Strategies

Creating a Landmark a proposal with a certain location of mass, design, entrance that create a significance to promote movement and usage of the proposal as a whole. This refers back to the ‘Centralised Internal Space’ and ‘Centralised Internal Space’ Strategy in 3.1.

Initial Implementation of Strategies in progress of Studio 3.1 exploring and consolidating the process of the proposal’s moments in plan

Plan iteration 01 13 Feb.2023

Emphasising Passages

Playing on site strategies from 3.1- ‘ Node Landmark with Indication of Axial Route’ and ‘Dense Interconnected Segments’ to emphasise the main axial route previously acknowledged whilst also forging other paths which can be further designed on journeys of different users.

Plan iteration 02 08 March 2023

Identifying and Creating Threshold

Referring back to 3.1 and the notions formed within the ideas of both threshold and public realm, creating a threshold which has ‘Permeable Links Visually and Physi cally within and Externally to Site’ means that the proposal is accessible whilst se curer. Identifying the openings and entrance points and defining these as usable or a barrier creates differing user perspectives.

Exterior Soul

A building which fits into its surrounding context by analysis of the historical, cul tural and experiential factors to the building. Referring back to site strategy ‘Cat alyst of Ideas Inwardly and Outwardly’ the building need to encompass its external envelope to encourage usage whilst being empathetic to its exterior.

Using an Interweaving Plan to lead to the Big Pebble using smaller massing to create diversity in programme adjacent to the big pebble. Adjacencies of these programmed link to the programming of the Big Pebble. Alternate main entrance to the Big Pebble to ensure direct access.

the big pebble: identifying the issue

Defining the Big Pebble ensuring a significance away from the other parts of the plan, making the Big Pebble identifiable in mass, way finding and its importance within the programme of the scheme.

Integrating Analysis of the Threshold’s Views of the Big Pebble

Using the understanding compiled of circulation within the building development of how viable and accessible the Big Pebble is from different entrances need to be explored. Understanding the issue made it clear that (1) the pebble was not identifiable distinctly enough within/outside of the building; (2) the way finding of the building does not identify the pebble as the destination.

The amount of entrances leads to confusion to the ‘main’ entrance thus a focused visual link and route in the building cannot be made. Consolidation of the views and routes will done by minimising these routes.

01. from the exterior is the Big Pebble Clear? where is it?

02. a side access? is it worth an extra way in.

03. main axial route through- arcade

A clear passage way if forged in due to hierarchy is mass shape and size.

04. inside the pebble- can you access it? is it clear?

The Big Pebble creates the landmark of the site due to design features, scale and material use.

A Distinctive Roofing System create a statement with the glazing, material and form to make people notice the pebble from the exterior

the big pebble: make it stand out!

Defining the Permeability off the Boulevard maintaining the previous permeable ideology by using brickwork to show interior activi-

Materials that Pop development of a material system selection that both identifies the pebble as a landmark in comparison to the rest of the proposal, but also is concordant to the conservation area appraisal and environmental concerns

Movement of Mass to Improve Access and Identification

pushing the northern mass towards the boulevard creation of two defined entrances

Creating an Identifiable Big Pebble

Using different design feature and massing styles, the big pebble becomes more usable and identifiable within the proposal as a whole.

The Big Pebble is moved from the centre of the building the exterior (shown in diagram above). By minimising the depth and scale of mass on the north side of the site, the big pebble becomes more defined and easily identifiable. The divination away from the central boulevard is minimised due to minimal alternate routes/destinations

The pebble need more identifiable feature. Identifiers developed are the circulation routes used with defined entrances; landmark massing (the colonnade); defining roofing as well as defining material use. These are identified in the diagram.

The features maintained are the need to full fill the site strategy points. Key points cov ered are:

-Node Landmark with Indication of Axial Route

- Centralised Internal Space. These are achieved by maintaining the boule vard space whilst intervening with masses around. The internal ‘centralised’ space and the boulevard keeps the node ‘axial route’. The circulation is therefore optimised for whole proposal and pebble usage.

These work to make the pebble a more utilised are in comparison to it’s previous design. Instead of the user congregating in external areas, the internal pebble space will be used for its intended multi use, atrium.

Moving the Big Pebble using the mass on the south side of the site to house the big pebble as is a more defined mass to programmatic-ally em phasise the heart of the building. The landmark arches also help to show significance to the pebble.

Initial Massing Steps of Creating the Identifiable Pebble

Environmental Strategy (centred around the Heating, Cooling and Ventilation Strategy)

Locating the Section onto the Current Master Plan 1:200 a0

Winter Sun 45.3 degrees

schematic technical review: heating, cooling and ventilation

Mechanical Lighting creating an optimal internal lighting system with use of low voltage LED lighting at strategic intervals at each intervals between the portal frames/ triangulated columns.

Summer Sun 82.3 degrees

cross ventilated by multiple oriented apertures enables a well ventilated space

Heating System (passive and active) active underfloor heating systems passive in a thermal mass for re-radiation of the solar gain.

underfloor heating and cooling connected to a GSHP

Heating and Cooling Strategy

The building uses the most efficient yet least carbon intensive solutions. A ground source heat pump is used to heat/cool the building with aid of the underfloor heating/cooling network.

This enables the system to be low emitting as is using the renewable temperature of the ground to regulate the internal systems. The system is thermally and C02 sensitive to desired conditions of heat and moisture preventing need to opening of apparatuses allowing the least amount of heat loss possible. By removal of need for aperture opening, there is less heat loss and therefore less carbon wastage.

The system only regulates 800mm above finished floor level which enables only the habitable area to be monitored. This is effective as no area wood be mechanically controlled when this would not be ‘felt’.

Cooling Systems passive systems in the roofing system with mechanical louvres (in the skylight for the atrium system// window systems in the portal frame system).

ventilation through mechanical sensor automated louvres

Lighting Passively using large and high level apparatuses to enable natural daylighting without creating an uncomfortable interior environment. Glare and direct sunlight exposure is decreased with use of skylights.

Link to the Climate Emergency & my Technical Strategy

This climate strategy- especially in terms of ventilation, heating and cooling addresses the climate crisis as is predominantly using passive systems. This reduces the operational carbon cost of running. Referencing the RIBA sustainable outcome : “3. Fine tune the internal environment with efficient mechanical systems.”- Net Zero Operational Carbon

This relates to the proposal technical strategy as Environmental Strategy with Passive Mechanisms engages with this same idea.

cool air (fresh) to sink into the habitable area- preventing stale air

Passive Solar Control use of exterior covered boulevards and colonnades allowing the solar shading from the large apparatuses. This prevents overnighting and allows reduced solar gain (in summer).

Passive and Active Systems

The heating and cooling strategy aims to use predominantly passive systems in the view that this will reduce the operational carbon cost of the proposal. Passive systems include solar control in shading; louvres for ventilation; operable glazing; thermal mass. These systems work to monitor the internal environment, however at the solstice’s these systems would not be effective alone.

To supplement the passive systems active systems. The GSHP fuelling the underfloor heating and cooling filaments. This is the main component of the heating and cooling system run active by sensors which gain the correct temperature wate4r to run through the fulfilments. Convection currents with the pressure gradient (formed by the mechanical louvres) circulate the air preventing it from becoming stale.

SkyLight for Passive Daylight

A skylight is implemented in both portal frame and vaulting column. These different types of skylight optimise the natural lighting and minimising of glare in certain spaces.

On the portal frame, the skylights face to the north as this allows for sun at lower angels to penetrate- this is msot suitable for a workspace (i.e. the working gallery). A light shelf is implemented to further enable the prevention of glare with less direct light.

In the ‘Big Pebble’ the skylight is minimal as the glazed curtain walling at the perimeter is used to light the space. The skylight aids this as can light the deeper plan. This skylight is also in aid of the experience of the space as will create shadowing effect with the vaulting column pattern.

Light Reflection Due to the reflective nature of the glazed terracotta cladding away from the building reducing the amount of direct sunlight entry.

Ventilation across a Passive System cross ventilation around both atrium and portal frame systems which on all axis exit to the exterior. Mechanisms to allow this passive ventilation includes mechanical louvre, automatic windows and manual window opening.

04 Ventilation Louvres When air rises change in pressures inside and outside (pressure gradient) will make the air move out of the louvres.

Re-Radiation reduces as less thermal energy enters the interior energy through the apertures (double glazing) which acts as a thermal barrier.

The inner lining of the building is plywood, thus a high thermal mass. Wood has the ability to absorb and store thermal energy in the day and will recommit this same thermal energy at night

Direct Light fro in the skylight all day- preventing from overheating and over solar gain from light shelf (discussed later)

Complex Servicing Structures

The Circulation of the Services is distributed in three ways. There are service channels through he foundations. This allows access at intermediate needed points in the programme (e.g. electrical supply). The portal frame structure lends its self to exposed servicing. This is due to the high of ceilings and other components (i.e. the portal frame) being exposed. The main servicing method of distribution is ceiling hung trays distributing the cabling around this specific building. These are elevated to the trays concealed in the wall buildup.

Lighting is determined by the natural daylighting effect (discussed in Technologies03 part C) and utilisation of artificial lighting. The curated serving of light is primevally using the sky lighting and predetermine aperture, however supplemented by the artificial lifting using LED on light shelf and pendant lighting. Apparatuses are small, high-level and infrequent to prevent overnighting. Artificial lighting needs electrical supply thus is enabled through the horizontal distribution trays via the wall fixtures.

Plant Room and Connection to the Mains the mains is connected to the ‘trees’ via the South Plant Room. This is located parallel to Lord St. at only 10m from the street. This makes an easy connection. The area which the South Plant Room serves a radius of 15 metres.

The Circulation of the Services Services are distributed via the foundation laid channels horizontally and ve4rically through the centre of the column. This vertical bundle is encased in a copper tubing for concealment.

As the building is single storey servicing is minimal above 80mm and the only vertical distribution at finished ceiling height is electrical. This is fed through casing in the roofing build up.

Mechanical Louvres and Glazing is a driver of the design. The skylight and louvre system is a focal point within the roof scape. The design of automatically service the buildings ventilation and lighting systems. The louvres are primary ventilation to circulate the air via moisture/ Co2 sensors. The skylight has fixed glazing and at the perimeter walls topper-able mechanical glazing for cross ventilation (secondary mechanism). All services enquire electrical servicing via the centre of the column of the ‘tree’.

Lighting is artificially aided in conjunction to the main skylight above each ‘tree’. The LED light fixtures are placed at the apex of each arc between the trees. This is serviced by the electrical wiring through the centre of the ‘tree’ stem.

area

Drainage is distributed around the system and connected the respective plant room which returns grey water to the output mains. The portal frame uses a guttering blue roof system using few down pipes which input into the perimeter drains on the south elevation. These input into the N. Plant Room.

Mechanical Louvres and Glazing are used within the passive servicing of the building. These are linked to the electrical system of the building in order for the sensors to indicate the automated movements. These two functions require electrical supply which is distributed via cabling in the foundations and then to the wall via vertical distributor bundles.

Underfloor Heating and Cooling (connected to the GSHP allows for mechanical regulation of heating and cooling within the building. This only is sufficient for 80mm above floor height- the habitable area. The GSHP serves the S. Plant Room and is to the north of the portal frame structure.

Plant Room and Connection to the Mains are easily accessible to buildings it serves as the mains systems runs parcel along Crooked St. and the plant room is within a 10m radius of the areas in which it serves. As the building is single storey the S. Plant Room does nit require any service risers, only vertical distribution of wiring as low level.

Services in the proposal at determined by the north and south plant rooms. These connect to the two serving systems which enable a low emission system.

The systems used fro each plant room are a ground source heat pump (GSHP) and air source heat pump (ASHP). These two systems are active mechanical systems, whoever are low legitimising as take their thermal energy from the ground/air making these renewable systems. The alternatives would be use of gas which is non renewable thus unsus-

services continue to the whole ‘tree’ network

Underfloor Heating and Cooling is connected to the ASHP which is located on the roof of the South Plant Roof this is directly parallel to the building housing the ‘trees’. This mechanically regulates of heating/cooling within the building, sufficient for 80mm above floor height- the habitable area.

tainable.

down pipes concealed in the centre of each column to feed into the foundation water systems and into the mains via S. PR

ELEC. FIBRE foundation laid service boxes and channels

main lighting dis- tributed at apex of each junction arc 80mm habitable area WASTE WATER

Drainage is works within a blue roof system, decreasing the amount of down pipes needed. Guttering collects water in a ring pallet around the skylight and then is brought to the grey water system via a downpipe in the column. The foundation service distribute this into a water recycling system in the South Plant Room.

Servicing required connect to the mains (via the S.PR or N.PR), these services are fibre, water, waste and electric. These are key to servicing a non gas/non-renewable building. Overhead servicing trays are used mainly throughout the building, however in some areas mains services are distributed fut4ehr distance in foundation set servicing tunnels.

Deliveries are allocated the service yard to the north of the site via Crooked Lane. This is an optimum route as is already designated as a

Credit:Technologies3cCharlotteBell

glulam portal frame

horizontal ‘k’ bracing

cross vertical bracing

The Gallery and Cafe

A one and 1/2 storey glulam portal frame structure.

The gallery uses a glulam portal frame. This portal frame uses deep members which allows large spans with no need for intermediate columns. There is cross vertical bracing and ‘k’ horizontal bracing which is secondary support to prevent sheering with change in loads. These are located at wither end of the structure and on the roofing.

GF Plan

existing load bearing masonry wall non load bearing stud walls non load bearing rain screen clad walls column/ portal frame/ ’tree’ placement

The Structural Systems Working Together

The structural strategy is comprised of four main systems working in union. These include: (1) The glulam vaulting column structure-’tree’; (2) a portal frame; (3) Retrofitted Site Buildings, (4) CLT structural column and beam grid. These work in conjunction to create a seamless system which highlights certain elements of the programme, whilst creating utilisation and optimising the plan.

CLT Sustainable Credentials

CLT is the chosen structural material for 3/4 structural systems. This is due to the durability at low scale and lower embodied carbon than its other structural counterparts. For aesthetic purposes, glulam/CLT allows for exposed structural elements without need for extra interior/ext3eiror cladding methods. This reduces need for excess material. The CLT 5x5 grid enables linear design with modular inserts, standardising design.

Desired Effect/Experiential Effect

By using different structural systems (especially for key entry points and elevations), these points become landmarks for a user. The structural system shapes the building and helps it to become an identifier at a distance. The contrasting forms of the ‘trees’ and frames (organic and linear) shell a key elevation, (looking from bus station) creating a landmark on the site, also a key route to the site. This addresses the site strategies- ‘Creating a Landmark’.

Deep Retrofit and Lowered Embodied Carbon

By utilising existing buildings on site this follows the RIBA and CiA’s aims of deep retrofit to reduce waste and embodied carbon of a proposal. The Lancaster Rd. Terrace is deep retrofitted with many exiting load bearing masonry walls remaining as well as servicing and lighting. The adaptive reuse of the proposal allows a nod to the existing whilst allowing for the site strategies to emerge within the building.

‘stem’ column

longer rib vaulting beams

shorter barrel vaulting beams

The Atrium Hall

Glulam interconnecting ‘tree structures’ creating a vaulting roof.

The vaulting column uses the primary structure of the column which are then interconnected with the primary longer rib vaulting beams. These support the roofing between the columns horizontally. The shorter barrel vaults are secondary support aiding the load of the roofing vertically.

Creating a Landmark

By using different structural systems (especially for key entry points and elevations), these points become landmarks for a use. The structural system shapes the building and helps it to become an identifier at a distance.

New Build Shopping and Education Centre

Grid structure of glulam 300x300mm beams and columns.

The beam and column structure works in conjunction to transport the load vertically and horizontally to dissipate the energy effectively to the foundations. The frame is a 5x5 grid.

The Front Terrace- Shopping and Craft Centre

First/second floor original load bearing masonry Georgian shops terrace. Support Beams and a rain screen cladding system at ground floor.

The front terrace uses the structural load bearing masonry walls of the existing buildings. Where structural walls are removed these are replaced with steel beams that transfer the load horizontally until interception with the existing walls. There is no further structural addition as the facade additions is rain screen cladding. Explored further in the portfolio.

glulam beams

glulam columns

Material Choice through Contextual Evolution

The Existing Site Mill (unused)

The materiality of the mill will remain the same to enhance the site’s historical context through materials.

Lord St. Retail/Educational

Centre

Timber cladding is explored in the cladding of the structure to break up the harsh terracotta masses. The roofing explores sedum.

Gallery and Cafe Terracotta tile lines the southern elevation creating a design language of material and style along the boulevard, maintaining material continuity. The roofing uses a wrap around system.

Existing Lancaster Rd. Terrace

The remaining retrofitted floors maintain their existing facade treatment with some components re-clad in either timber or terracotta tiling.

The Context

The context of the site surroundings is varied through many architectural styles and eras. Key drivers of the site style fall in the brutalist concrete of many surrounding and the conservation appraisal (discussed 3.1).

Terracotta Tiling

Terracotta tiling is used throughout the proposal as a key material. This is as a nod to the conservation appraisal which states the material as a key aspect to the design.

Using the presidents of Niall McLaughlin, Kings Cross Residential Towers and Darwen Terracotta a range of more simple tiling patterns and detailed ornate tiles are used to add form and texture to the façades, without over saturation of ornate design.

The Arcade System

As the arcades feed directly into the boulevard the design language of the terracotta is followed. Intricate tiling for historical detail ref. Miller Arcade is used for contextual-ism.

The Atrium Due to the scale and structural system used, only the roofing has an exterior finish (as most exterior walls are glazed). The roofing explores ceramic and terracotta tiling to allow an organic formed roofing

Proposed Materials Strategy

Timber Cladding

This exterior finish is used in small amounts to break up the mass of terracotta tiling on both exterior walls and roofing. The natural tone of the timber cladding owes its self to the tones found in the ‘earthy’ terracotta.

Simple panelling is most appropriate for the ‘Retail and Education Centre’ as is situated between the existing mill and atrium which both use ‘loud design’. This will help weigh the design styles.

Reclaimed Brickwork

The reclamation of brickwork is from the Lancaster Rd. Terrace, which at GF is reconstruction. This brickwork is used to restore and reface the east elevation of the terrace as this is reconfigured and straightened.

This material is chosen due to its sustainable credentials less/no material is sent to landfill and no new material is required for production. This reduces the embodied carbon cost of the proposal.

The Vernacular Material

Altering the design facade by using the historically sympathetic material of terracotta with the ornate style and finishing to the tile. The precedents used is within the same conservation area as the site- Miller Arcade. This is a exemplary precedent of the way terracotta can be used structurally and decoratively.

The Contemporary Take Terracotta has been shown to be used in modern ways in many precidents e.g. Darwin Terracotta. Use of a range of tiling size can create the same desired material design as the vernacular styleexplored in a contemplate way. A mix of detail and simple tiling will enable a balanced design.

Carbon Credentials and Sourcing Distances

Terracotta’’s use as the main building cladding is a sustainable material choice due to the life time carbon associated with its embodied carbon. The natural, recyclable and renewable source keeps the embodied carbon low. The manufacturing (as baked) is also low as there are no high carbon methods used. Darwin Terracotta (12 miles) as source further reduces the lifetime carbon cost as the travel to site is very minor.

Timber

Material Choice for Different Factors

Context

As shown above, due to the conservation area appraisal and buildings surrounding, the choice of terracotta is sympathetic towards the context. The proposal’s use of the retrofit also compensates to the rhythm of the context when there are the additions of new build terracotta/ timber new build.

Performance and Durability Terracotta when sealed effectively is extremely durable and can last 100+. This allows a long lasting exterior material strategy, controlling a continuous rhythm and contextual pattern for years to come.

As a breakable materiel meaning that the moisture is not absorbed and does not become trapped in the surface of the material. This designs a healthy building as the air quality will be improved for the user.

Existing Terrace with GF Intervention Terracotta exterior cladding

Cladding (south/west elev.) with Large Terracotta on Boulevard (north/east elev.)

Glazed Exterior walls with Terracotta Detailed tiling Large Terracotta Tiling Roof and Exterior Walls behind

Elevation on Lord St.

schematic technical review: the MAKING of the PROJECT

The Construction Process

Prior Steps

The design process for the proposal must occur before Step03 construction. Excavation can occur (Stage01) to es

The site contains existing buildings which fabric is being reused and maintained within the proposal. To maintain these buildings in the correct way heritage consultancy will assess how best to retain the existing fabric. This would refer to the as is exploring the spatial considerations which will inform the site usage. Excavation of the site also falls within this stage as under-

As the Georgian terrace located on Lancaster Rd. is being demolished in the proposal, this has to be demolished before any of the site can be further worked on. would have occurred in order to understand supports and scaffolding which would have been implemented in the interim and

The laying of foundations and erections subsequently of the structural frames. These are al prefabricated units transported to site via the entrance Crooked Street as this is a service road. This would fall within in 5 as the manufacturing of these structural units and construction of them would occur.

Foundation cased servicing such as under floor service channels and underfloor heating and cooling systems would be laid. This is prior to adding any further flooring layers than the initial PAD and pile foundations. Laying of raft/slab foundation would occur after servicing. The floor components are added. This would refer to the RIBA Plan of Work stage 5 as there would be adding the fine tunings within the construction process.

Transportation and erection for the exterior envelope of terracotta cladding is added to all the buildings frames. The roofing structure is erected for the glulam

Credit: Axonometric Base Technologies 3c Charlotte Bell

Usable servicing such as lighting and electric is installed and the floor and wall finishings are added to the clients desires. Electrics is added after installation of servicing as these finishings can conceal these. Glazing is added to the window apparatuses- only at this stage to prevent risk of breakage. These stages would cross over between both additions to finishes done post handover.

the proposal) is not the role of the architect. Roles still important to complete include the post occupancy report which helps to establish the effectivness of deisgn including mechanical and strucutral systems.

the journey : key moments of the journey

’ by creating different avenues of discovering on the ‘journey’. Above is the journey routes discussed though the proposal.

The centre of the design is the ‘boulevard’ through the centre and how this shows and lead the users through the design. The ‘corner of the arcade is where the journey begins leading the user to the boulevard which the envelope’ is a key factor into establishing the rhythm and tactile experience of the user. The components of the boulevard spill into the atrium, where the experience is evaluated at a handshake’ scale (1:5). Landscaping at a master plan level enables segments of repeatable landscaping to understand how the journey begins and starts.

These areas are all addressed via technical and experiential understanding of the proposal and the systems which need to be incorporated.

Identifying and Creating Threshold Emphasising Passages

A Corner Joining the New and the Old

The site uses the strategy to emphasising the passage of the main boulevard via these arcade. This is modelled to explore the structural strategy of removal of the ground floor as well as creating the experience of these passageways of the arcade system.

The passage way is indicted through break in the original design with an empathetic yet contemporary evolution of the design in and around the site. This identifies and creates the threshold by showing a start and threshold between the public realm and proposal.

The experience explored is that of the external arcade and internal environment this therefore creates internally in this arcade retail units. These are equally as important experiences. Materiality and scale is a large component to explore within these experiences.

the arcade journey: creating a entrance way to draw you in

Emphasising Pas- Identifying and Creating Threshold

1:50 scale corner progress model

The model is located circa this area of the elevation above: low detail to exemplify the high detail of my design intervention gf.

below01: interior perspective of the interior of a retail unit to reference size, scale and interior finishing below02: front elevation to indicate the effect of the arcade vessel on Lancaster Rd.

site bound- proposal new grid terrace primary structureload bearing masonry

Existing Structure of the Terrace the structure of the terrace on the west of the site (Lancaster Rd.) has load bearing masonry

1:50 scale Corner Progress Model

the arcade journey: technical understanding

1:5 Scale Detail a3

terrace primary structureload bearing masonry

Integrating the Two Structures Together using some existing structural masonry and some new structural elements to change the floor plans at the Lancaster Rd. entry point.

Implementing a Change to GF Arrangement and Structure

to create a permeable Lancaster Rd. entry point the facade and programme is altered into 3 blocks- an arcade system.

Understanding the Wall System

The wall system is a curtain wall which uses C studs a lateral and vertical support. 250mm insulation is used to reach passive haus standards to achieve highest standards of thermal efficiency. Terracotta tiles are supported via the C studs onto a transom and mullion system as the exterior cladding. 20mm plywood lining is the interior finish.

Material Use and Pattern

The pattern explore previously is in relation to the Miller Arcade which can be found near to the site. The chevron is commonly used in this precidents building as well as around Preston in civic buildings. Terracotta material is used in glazed tile to honour the conservation appraisal of appropriate material use in the conservation area.

Ground Floor Foundation to Wall Junction

need for structural intervention use of existing load bearing masonry

Structure- new or old. establishing as many points as possible to adapt the proposed 3.1 arrangement into using the terrace’s structural grid- preventing the need for carbon emitting steel beams.

Technologies of the Arcade

By removing the ground floor of the Georgian load bearing masonry terrace, there needs to be intervention to redirect load from these original load bearing masonry elements.

The new intervention uses non-load-bearing curtain walling exterior walls, therefore these do not carry much/any load. The need for structural intervention is shown above to implement new beams and columns in place of the load bearing masonry walls existing. Steel I beams are used to laterally distribute load to steel I beam columns which intercept the non load bearing curtain calling. These beams are located structurally at intersection of multiple existing walls to reduce the amount of columns needed in the interior open programmed areas.

Additional Structure for Structural Wall Replacement

Additional structure is explored through diagram and replicated in model to understand the complex geometry and overlap of structure. Some curtain wall intervention is added to the in place of the existing load bearing masonry wall, therefore changes in the wall build up design is needed to enable this extra I beam placement.

Overall Structural Strategy

The overall strategy is to conserve as much of the existing facade on Lancaster RD., however make new build interventions which will show contextual and empathetic relations to the site and surroundings. The new build design creates arcades which do not use structural walls so can be ‘winding’ and organic to the site desire lines.

External Foundation and Paving Buildup

1- 50mm bespoke terracotta tile cladding

2- steel cladding hostile hands’ structure

3- 50mm clear cavity

4- Water Proof Membrane

5- 100mm Insulation

6- Breathable Membrane

7- 12mm Sheathing Board

8- 120mm Insulation

9- 120mm S+S Structural Steel Studs

10- Vapour Proof Membrane

11- 10mm Plywood interior cladding

12- base hinge

13- 10mm alloy base board (aid drainage)

14- 1500mm x 75mm concrete up stand

Foundation and Internal Floor Build-up

16- 10mm timber floor tiling

17- Screed with underfloor heating and cooling filaments set within

18- Vapour proof membrane

19- 2x 125mm firm insulation

20- raft concrete foundation (joint into (14)

21- continuous WPM to wall build up (4)

External Floor Build-up

22- 5mm glazed terracotta tile

23- 200mm concrete slab

24- 500mm concrete drainage retaining block

25- hardcore

26- drainage system

the arcade journey: experiencing the corner

Experiencing the Arcade

The aim of this massing design is to create and emphasise the passage between the Georgian terrace to the boulevard to the centre of the proposal. The arcade network also helps to alleviate emphasis only to the front (Lancaster Rd.) elevation as the retain units can have frontage throughout the arcade. The current experience reaches the aim in terms of massing, however due to size of arcade vessel the experiential factors are not reached as the design seems unapproachable. Iteration is needed to meet the site strategy: emphasising passage, to create this desire experience within the arcade system.

Emphasising Pas-

1:50 scale Corner Progress Model

Maintaining the Front Facade

To keep an empathetic and contextual design the front facade of some parts of units on Lancaster Rd. are maintained. This is important in deep retrofit as it allowed less carbon emissions in new materials, demolition and servicing the new building. This is also important in maintaining the rhythm of the context whilst also using contemporary intervention in other areas.

An arcade for Shopping

The shopping arcades are design with detailed terracotta tiling to contextualise the building in its site as the terracotta material is identified as a conservation area material. The tile also adds intrigue to the user as the space is designed fullysuggesting further intervention to come!

a portion of the existing front facade must be demolished to accommodate this change, however front shop windows are largely still remaining for this unit.

movement of the new build wall by 2.5m allowing f0r a

Progress Model Enabling Altering to the Experiencing

The arcade vessel design above is used as a replicable design artefact for the design of the other vessels in the arcade network. This is important in replicating the proportions and experiential effects iterated in the progress model and vignette iteration experimentation.

The design alters by creating an extended width arcade vessel to create a more approachable design and therefore the space can be further used. As the space used to be narrow and have a lower ceiling height (3.2m). This would be unapproachable and in some circumstance create a space which looked private. This is not desired as the arcade system is aimed to promote travel through the (existing) impermeable Georgian terrace. The aim is to honour desire lines. To iterate the design to reach this aim there is: use of more glazed windows to look into the shops and a intricate designed tile to emphasise the intent of the space in the building as a whole.

Iteration 01

This shows the design shown in the model which shows progression needed by widening the arcade vessel. Under-used arcade system due to unapproachable

Iteration 02

Vignette depicting the enlargement in width of the arcade vessel. An increase in arcade usage due to a more approachable design.

Iteration 01 Iteration 02

area comparable to model area comparable to model

The Arcade Experience and Aims

The desire was to create a space which optimised the desire lines for circulation via a group of arcade vessels therefore utilising footfall for retail purposes. The arcade, through interaction, leaves wide and inviting vessels which can be accessed from Lancaster Rd. or the east from the boulevard. This creates a direct route through the centre of the site, creating an easier access route, that many will utilise through the site as a cut through.

By using a landmark (the vaulting column), the view line optimised the unknown. The unknown location or building programme. This can be view from all three main elevations and vantage points around the site. This is a key vantage point as enables further exploration of the site.

the journey : FIRST exploring the arcade

Project

Title Tapestry Kings Cross Residentital Towers

Architect Niall McLaughlin

Year 22022

Location London, United Kingdom

Pattern and Texture in the Builder’s Skin Context is used to inform the tile use around the site. The conservation appraisal states that terracotta tile and brick is a key material. The precidents is used to explore how the same material can be used in different ways in order to create a dynamic and varied facade throughout the site.

Different shapes and motifs of the same grain are used throughout the facade treatment, commonly suing recessed and carved out tiles in the design. Organic shapes with references to nature (flowers and leafs) are used by McLaughlin a lot. The balance of detailed tiling and simple slab enables emphasis of to the design of the detailed tiles, without leaving whole, plain facade. It creates balance within the design without over saturation of pattern.

Darwin Terracotta- A Local Provider

By using a local provide (12miles from site) there will be a lower embodied carbon cost to the building’s construction. The company is a heritage provider thus can match to the conversation area in order to create a seamless look to the context.

Site Strategy- Exterior Soul

By creating a bespoke facade treatment design this creates a unique ‘soul’ of the building. There will be continuity in the deigns and hold a design language which can be recognisable of the Craft School.

Tile 02

The design evolution of the tile allows for two different tiles. The design uses the hexagon to create a chevron shaped tile piece which can combine to create longer more interact wall coverings. The engraved chevron adds the detail in mass. This design was progressed to create a reflection which can be used at a larger scale. In contrast elevation is used to detail with an elevated Sheraton design.

Tile 01

Tile one creates a flowing design which can be explored vertically over a larger panel. This uses relief and engraving to express the interconnected zigzagging pattern. The idea of the pannel is for corner and breaks within larger terracotta tile to add interest over flatter linear elevations. The tiles would be multiple shapes, however slot together in a standardises and modular way to allow for easy instillation.

Wall space can be utilised to present work or be used for digital marketing- this can be viewed from inside and outside of the retail units via large apparatuses.

Apparatuses within the arcade are large to primevally add retail assets tot eh commercial units. The large apparatuses, along with LED lighting through the arcade vessels, help to keep the area well light.

The ‘landmark’ of the site can be viewed by the user as a focal point to the initial view down the ‘boulevard. This creates the desired site circulation paths.

The path is easily accessible to all due to the level access making all routes equal to al.

Furniture is arranged within the shops to enable full access to the glazed areas on the interior and exterior.

The Boulevard’s Envelope Strategy in Concordance to the Surroundings and Site

The boulevard of the building is used as a desire line passage way. In order to maintain continuity in this materiality (exterior soul) and design is kept cohesive to maintain understanding to the user of the direct route in use (emphasising passage).

The discussed creates a journey (starting in the arcade, through the boulevard to the big pebble and to the gardens), the boulevard is the component which joins all of these components together. Therefore design for materiality keeps the cohesive terracotta colouring and material tile, however keeps a slick and seamless 200x400mm tile. This keeps the same cohesive material style, however can become a lead between the different stylised tiles of the arcade and big pebble.

Detail at 1:20 Scale a2

Portal Frame (left) Wall and Roof BuildUp

01 400mm terracotta tile

02 20mm roof perlins (dual acting as cladding attachment joints transom )

04 20mm roof mullions

05 water proof membrane

06 2x 250mm firm insulation

07 vapour proof membrane

08 20mm inner plywood cladding

09 700x200x3000mm CLT Portal frame comprised of beams and columns

10 20mm double glazing

11 aluminium window fare and attachment

12 30mm window box and sill additional cladding pannel

13 20mm inner plywood cladding

Portal Frame (left) Foundation BuildUp

14 100mm plywood floor finish ( combined into the intergrated bench)

15 vapour proof membrane

21 2x 250mm firm insulation

22 water proof membrane

23 500mm raft foundation

24 500m PAD foundation + footing of portal frame

27 700mm arrogate sub soil

28 Screed with underfloor filament (heating/cooling)

Exterior Paving Detail BuidUp

25 100x300x30mm clay tile

26 500mm screed

27 700mm arrogate sub soil

29 650mm hardcore

30 20x1200mm concrete up stand

31 drainage system funnel with grater covered in a fine mesh grater.

Rib Vaulting Structure (right) Foundation Build Up

see page 23 f

Rib Vaulting Structure (right) Wall and Roof BuildUp

see page 23

heigh indesrepancies due to levational perspective of the protal frame (with skylight distortion)

Exterior Soul

Emphasising

Envelope Render at 1:20 Scale a2

the landmark: structure related to experience

Creating the Site Landmark with Structure Modification of the Design to Fit Programme, Sytle and Context

“The building can demonstrate how architecture can embody cultural philosophy and traditions while utilising Sustainable and contemporary materials.”

Mark Barfeild.

Royal Institute of British Architects Journal

Implementing and Refining the Structural Systems

From the organic shape of the Cambridge Mosque precidents the iterative design of a column into arch shape is formed. This is aligned with the desire to create a landmark on site as one of the site strategies. This create a landmark as the structure will create a organic roof line and interior experience which can not be compared in the site vicinity.

This structure is located within the ‘Big Pebble’ atrium to create the wide and open plan space needed for the mixed use area.

The structure uses single strands of arches to create the column. These column flow directly into the parallel and adjacent column. This makes an interconnected system of columns and arches. In first iteration this creates a barrel vault and second interaction (as shown on the next page) creates an rib vault inspired by the grandeur of traditional Italian churches.

location of the vaulting column intervention on plan

Creating the Contrasting Geometry

The arches shape of vaulting columns can be contrasted with the linear forms of other buildings on site. The port frame of the gallery directly beside the atrium creates a profile which directly contrast. Iteration is needed don how these two shape profiles join in order to prevent a clash.

its ‘tranquillity’.

The deigns strives to be noticed- playing with the vernacular of how the mosque would be designed as the landmark of the urban realm. The design creates this landmark with the striking roofing and column shapes which symbolise different parts of Islam. This is taken forward into the design to enable a furthering of how the landmark traits (discussed in the ‘Big Pebble’) can be achieved.

The Structural Understanding of Load Paths

The structural system allows the load to be dissipated evenly between all parts of the column structure until its becomes linear at the base. The foundations are pad foundations to evenly support each skylight. The flat roof enables even load distribution over the roofing as a whole with the intermediate column structure.

Using Cultural/Heritage Motifs in Structural Design

A large part of the design was to honour the tradition and culture of Islam within the UK. The design of the column stems from a pattern of art from the Islamic world. The intricacies of the design transfer into the column which enable the atmospheric qualities of light, materiality and detail which can be appreciated in the space.

Itteration01- 4point the first iteration of design used a 4 spine interconnecting structure which created a barrel vaulting shape. This had larger CLT pieces and the arch structure is thick.

Itteration02- 8point the 8 spine interconnecting shape was born out of the desire to create an interesting and interesting roof structure. The ribs and column parts are thinner to give a more streamline aesthetic.

Creating a Landmark

Looking into the Past with the Contemporary in mind...

Historical Examples Using Vaulting Ceilings

By looking at the historical use of rib vaults, it is clear that the structure was used to signify a public building of importance. Catholicism in Italy holds large social importance, therefore the buildings used for this served as the value and determiner of wealth. This design was a way of graduate exemplifier of wealth.

The architecture uses multiple interlocking rib vaults which join in the central column of the ribs. This creates a dynamic and ornate ceiling line. Varying sizes of the vaults creates indication of public/private and areas of solace or commune.

This can be taken forwards into the deigns by understanding the historical and traditional components of the rib vault, whilst using the contemporary lens to simplify and modify these parts. Use of material (in contrast to the ornate and extravagant marble and engraving) will help to intensify use of the contemporary lens.

Taking Geometry and Dimension into the Vaulting Column Structure Development...

Iteration 01: Smaller 150mm Diameter

Width of system: 1,800mm

The Anatomy of the Classical Church Vaulted Ceiling

The vault analysed is the ‘rib vault’.Each component(as shown above has different terminology and all work together distribute both live, dynamic and dead load of the building. In order for the system to work the curved components are in compression in order to retain the structural integrity.

D:150mmx1500mm circle at central line creates col- umns which interlock to create the rib vault. Created by replicating the column base at each 450 interval clockwise. Total width of system = 600mm so can interconnect at this interval.

As the system is so small the interval s can miss a column to create a larger open space (without columns). This is enabled by a smaller span of the rib- however takes away the rib vault effect.

Width of 3 system: 3,600mm

1,200mm

D:600mmx600mm circle at central line creates columns which interlock to create the rib vault. Created by repli- cating the column base at each 450 interval clockwise. Total width of system = 1,200mm so can interconnect at this interval.

Parallel and adjacent columns create a system by joining the ribs together. The column will connect to another 4 in one system. Where the rib does not meet another column it can maintain in the ‘hang’ as the load is dissipated by the column.

The geometry and proportions of the trees were determined by two key factors:

- the space in which one vault system would occupy,

- the ways in which the vaulting systems would interact.

To create an internal finished ceiling line and height the measurements of peak to top of column are taken to create a shallower arc. The inverted arc for the roofing line is determined by arc to two peaks of neighbouring ribs to join.

STEP01: Ensuring the size of the rib system is estentials in ensuring dimension to the plan. For example a singular system would span the distance of the boulevard. This is integral as this is a key driver of the design. Two smaller (total system span 600mm) would not be adequate as the span require many more rib vault system which would intern create too many columns in the space. This would not work with the programme as it is meant to hold lectures and performances.

The simple geometry helps to create a simple and organic shaped internal and external geometry line. This houses services, roofing and ceiling build up and conceals junction of skylights etc.

STEP02: Determining in the angel and proportion of the rub to column ration is estentials in creating a light and airy space. Column:Rib at 2.5:1 ration.

STEP03: Understanding the dimension and proportions of the roofing lines allows a adequate finished floor height (which still holding the necessary services). Angels of the roofing were determined in order to create arching ceilings which follow the shape of the rib which inverting to create an organic waved roofing system.

Creating a Landmark

Forest Formation

The theory behind this structural system is to create a landmark area in the site to aim for as well as identify from the distance. By creating this space of vaulting ceilings this can be achieved. Here is evident by the iteration is size, dimension and scale this is achieved. They vaulting ceiling and interconnection between the structures allows fro this impactful interior.

lozangel panel.

secondary structurecross bracing (transverse ridge rib) primary structureridge rib (longitudinal)

primary structuresurcharge member primary structurecolumn

Working on the Geometry of each Structural Frame

vaulting: the effect

Model Intention and Execution

The components of the model are intended to show the structure and material system used within the rib vaulting structure. The materiality at 1:20 scale enable understanding of the tactility of material, dimension and geometry of the design. This model enables the viewer to understand the qualities of the space from a smaller scale.

Materiality of the Sky lighting and Roofing

The skylight mirrors the window framing around the site to keep continuity. Black aluminium frames are used to emphasise the tiling around, whilst being unassuming themselves.

The roofing of the rib vault structure curves to drop down between the arches in an organic form (shown in section). The tile is a hexagon shaped terracotta tile which link together along the curvatures of the roofing (tile shown in detail pg. 23)

The design was further refined by addition of air gap and skylight placement becoming more integral to roof flow by resident and detailing (shown beside). This level of detail was difficult to replicate in model.

Anatomy Translation and Refinement

The construction of the model iterated the deigns by understanding the proportions and structural requirements needed. For example the foundations made (detail shown next pg.) needed to be enlarged to sustain the weight of the span of rib/ column above. The timber collar was an addition due to visualisation of the seam between concrete to timber.

How you Interact

The column of the vaulting structure is tactile within its self. The stem creates a interesting and elevated impact on the building user due to the scale of the parts and height it spans. This creates a sceptical to be in. One can touch the column and interact with it by touch to understand the unique qualities of CLT/glulam.

Fine Detail for Use and Programme Intention

The detail of the collar creates a elevated area. This can be utilised as a barrier of public to private in different programmed events. For Example, in a market, the coral can hold product stock in the inside and sell-able items on the outside.

The junction between each vaulting system occurs at the peak between the larger 450 ribs. These create the vault the other ribs create the arched segments adjacent. The junction uses the lock and key join in the glulam in tension (with support screws) hold the system join at the peak. The beams (as shown in the model) are exposed.

1:20 scale model

Joint in Intersection of each Structural Frame

vaulting: the tactile detial

A Technical Study of a Singular Column Structure

1:20 Scale Tactile Detail a2

Junction between Vault Structural System to other Systems.

The Skylight contains a Guttering System to support water drainage in the of the organic curved shape roof. This sits in a ring shape around the skylight. The cladding system sits elevated, leaving a air gap- this creates the space for removal of condensation and infiltrated water to remove into the guttering system. The guttering system then enters through a pipe to the centre of the rib vault system and into an underground water treatment plant in the south plant room.

26 25mm double glazing

27 roof guttering aluminium frame

28 water proof membrane

29 aluminium inner gutter lining 01-09roofing and structural build up

The 1:5 Scale Tactile Detail a2

The Foundation

19 100mm plywood floor finish ( combined into the intergrated bench)

20 vapour proof membrane

21 Screed with underfloor filament (heating/cooling)

22 2x 250mm firm insulation

23 water proof membrane

23 500mm raft foundation

24 500m PAD foundation + footing of each vaulting column

25 700mm arrogate sub soil

The Singular Unit Detail and Refinement

The deigns has iterated and progressed in line with the tactile 1:5 study f the technical system. Progressions occurred due to the understanding the tactility of the column via physical modelling as well as understanding the technical junction points at a 1:5 scale through drawing. Precidents helped to informed both mass, shape and materiality when understanding the user experience. Understanding the material profile for user experience was discovered via physical model making, precidents also helped to show the way that CLT can act in a vaulting system and how this desired over the historical material of brickwork.

The Roofing

01 40mm terracotta tile

02 50mm airgap

03 20mm roof perlins (dual acting as cladding attachment joints transom )

04 20mm roof mullions

05 water proof membrane

06 150mm firm insulation (not indicated with hatch)

07 vapour proof membrane

08 25mm inner plywood cladding

09 12x30mm structural arch

The Stem

15 6x 2x30mm structural columns to arch segments fanned out from the central intersect

16 lighting, fibre and electrical wiring runs through the centre of the ‘stem’. This leads down to a

17 20mm copper encasing to house the foundation set services channel. This houses a service box for electrical access.

18 guttering pipes housed separately in the centre of the ‘stem’.

Junction between Vault Structural System to other Systems.

Due to the nature of the structure interconnecting into one another, where this does not occur due to meeting another structure, the bolt and slot joint is used. The bolt sits upon a terracotta shelf. This joint is estentials for this junction as allows the ribs to have movement in dynamic loads.

30 400mm terracotta cladding (of the portal frame)

31 terracotta shelf bolted onto the cladding using V4 bolts

32 slot and bolt joint aluminium attached to the shelf and the end of a rib off the vaulting column

A Rib Vault- Atmospheric Effect and User Experience

A focal point of the design atrium and the surround structure. This uses the vaulting arching collumns. As expolored this is deired to create a landmark on the site for the user and exentuate the sapssage designed by the boulevard.

The expireince this is meant ot create is a design highlight- a space that people will visit due to the scale and emense architecture. The ceiling is as much a spectical and the vaulting collumns themselves. The organic shape of the roofing and internal ceilings creates an interesting architectural effect This is tactile in nature as the collumns are touchable CLT. The CLT is used for not only its sustainable and aestehtic credentials but also the tested and proven to have posotive effects on ones well being. This is ideal on a large scale. The organic rough at the height of the lower rib vaulting arches. These features all encorperate into feading into the site stratergy o f Creating a Landmark.

Creating a Landmark

Looking into the Atrium Landmark View from Lord Street View from the Bus Station

MASTER PLANNING : ground floor plan

First Floor social community, welfare and education facilities

MASTER PLANNING : visulising LANCASTER RD.

Second Floor staff and education facilities

MASTER PLANNING : visualising the LORD STREET

Lord Street Elevation

MASTER PLANNING : visualising the long SECTION

A Reflection- The Five Point Refection

1 Further Development of the roughing structures. Through this project the proposal has been developed strongly around the structural systems and the impacts that this has on the conjoining systems as well as user experience. Further Conversations can be done around the roofing system of the vaulting columns and how this looks from the exterior.

2 Exploration of landscaping and how urban greening techniques can be used to further enhance the ‘boulevard idea’. feel as if this was executed however, could have been further enriched via precidents and analysis. This would improve the desired user experienced.

3 Analysis into the spaces which were left at ‘programming stage’. As the project scope was large due to the size and scale of the site, we were encouraged

to explore certain areas of the proposal. I would like to continue investigation into the retrofit of the Lancaster Road terrace at 1F and 2F.

4 Further retrofitting of the site. To further the scope of the project, the 2 other buildings on site could have been explored and retrofitted. This would enable a wider range of areas and diversify the user experience on site whilst extending the programme.

5 Design through model making. Even though the design was driven by model making in the early stages of 3.1, I believe the process of model making enhances and gives clarity to the design. If i was to do this process again, I would make detailed models of areas to help visualise and under scale, materiality and proportions earlier on.

Long Cross Section Loooking North