BA3 Studio A City Within the City Part 01

Ba3ContinuityinArchitecture-3.1Portfolio

3.1A CITY WITHIN THE CITY

~reducing youth crime in Preston’s commercial centre by building creative skills and commerce links within the community~ Charlotte Bell

The Lens of the Brief as Apart of Continuity in Architecture

A position, proposition and proposal will be developed to medium complexity with a minimum of to storeys displayed at 1:200/ The proposal should be a contemporary take on ‘the guild’ and it’s current use within the city. Located at PR1 1DD the proposal must include: workshops, an auditorium, teaching rooms, offices, and a small library’ with other specific spaces possible to include.

When looking through the lens of Continuity in Architecture t brings the project to have great understanding of the surrounding context. There is a sense of bespoke-ness when designing regarding the ‘tangible and intangible nature and quality of the location’. The sense of heritage and culture are key players in how design is constructed for occupation presently and in the future.

Responding in design to the climate emergency is imperative moving forward thus the ‘locally found, locally focused’ slogan is evident thinking about the temporal use of a building and how this may change and adapt to the changing contextual factors around. The atelier believes: ‘ value of local identity, customs, and cultures, and that supporting these important qualities of place can work in tandem with a low-energy, low carbon solution’

The Site within Preston

The site is located at the end of Preston High Street on the Lancaster Rd. The location is set between the commercial hubs of Preston and its civic frontage of the Town Hall, Magistrates Court and the impressive Harris Museum.

Site dimensions include three existing buildings- a Victorian ter race facing Lancaster Rd., an abandoned mill facing Lord St. and an

abandoned pub on the corner of Lord St. and Tithbarn St. This leaves a brownfield site currently grass to occupy at the dimensions ~90x40 meters.

Key local proximities are the key hodoological route between the Preston High Street and Preston Bus Station. This makes the site extremely well contacted, in conjunction to the train station only 15 minutes walk along the high street. Identifiable field notes are the amount of derelict and demolished buildings around the site- leaving an empty shell city.

Elevation 03- Site Sectioning to Lord St.

Elevation 02- Lord St.

Elevation 01- Tithbarn St.

Cullen explores the city moving through spaces, identifying how these spaces move and work in conjunction to one another.. Through exploring the site in this what it highlighted the strong flow of Preston as a city: a route from entry at the trans station to the Preston High Street to site and onto exit at the Preston Bus Station. This key route is shown in part above. Through sketch as suggested by Cullen, the plan of site was ‘brought to life’.

The Conversation of Preston

The proposal site sits within the Market Place Conservation with a her itage appraisal by Preston City Council. The whole site is not within the conservation area- only the front terrace onto Lancaster Rd. The appraisal states character analysis of the area as: having a combina tion of civic buildings, open spaces, shops, cafés and pubs. All buildings on Lancaster Rd were built in a loose classical style and the Greek revival and Edwardian Baroque. Common features are pediments, concealed roof, columns and large fenestrations. Arts and Craft style is prevalent with the commercial properties built late 19th - early 20th century. The commercial units were majority built at different time however, have similar scale and horizontal emphasis, giving unification. There is no open green space within the conservation but lots of urban greening in small bedding plots and trees lining the streets. The open space is com prised in the Preston Market Square which is the largest public open space in Preston.

Conservation and Heritage Listed Buildings

position. thinking about the historical significance

Conservation Area Listed buildings

Buildings Market Place Conservation Area

Boundary of the Site

Consideration of Heritage Value and Conservation

The conservation appraisal suggests key materials as (left to right above) terracotta, red brick, sandstone ashlar. Concrete is also very prevalent around the site. These materials are exemplifier in different key buildings around the site. For example civic buildings (opposite to site) with predominantly sandstone ashlar. Lancaster Road shop built in red brick and sandstone dressing and the 19th century commercial unity using lots of terracotta. The presence of concrete is in the newer 1960/70s style of brutalist found in the Preston Bus Station and St Johns Shopping Centre. These are both in close visual proximity to the site.

In the proposal it is important to link the key characteristic so design and materials into the proposal to make sure it is empathetic to the style and context of the location. Intangible factors such as rhythm, flow and sense of place will also be assessed within the conservation area/context to appropriately respond.

Key Views in Line with the Conservation Area (from the Appraisal) Left- the Town Hall, Magistrates Court and the old post office, Right- The Harris Museum

Contextualise Commerce of Free Sale- Micro Scale

Preston has historically and is currently a densely packed city. Due to its scale at a small sized city, the city centre is densely packed around the central Preston High St. This can be seen at a wide macro scale. This is mostly situated around the commerce centrers which are vastly shown in the model beside but also diagramming to the above in context to the Fiargate commerce block. This is densely packed with many shops, similarly Preston Market Square is densely packed around the centre but also with retail units to the perimeter. The high density could also be at-tributed to the historical industrial nature of he city and the small dwellings and units that come with this era’s typol-ogy.

This could suggest that a dense site proposal would be contextually, historically appropriate and fit within the rhythm, scale and density of the rest of the city of Preston, especial-ly the town centre.

The City within a City.

A shopping centre with high density due t0 the compact nature of units in rows. negative space is found in the expanses and atrium for circulation

Contextualise Density- Micro Scale

The site has historically been filled until circa 1940 where the contents of the site were demolished. It could be enquired that this could have war links. The unfilled site only currently houses the Lancaster terrace, an banded mill and pub at the corner to Tithbarn St and Lord St.

The historical urban grange at a micro-scale has always been densely packed suggesting that there is viability for re-embracing this within the site. Loen writes the quote (below) which can be inferred in this context to suggest all the aims that the manifesto has can be full filled within this one city. In these terms the city is the proposal.

The use of a dense city is interesting as create voids which can be objectively inhabited. This can historically be seen in courtyards and slip roads between masses.An atrium or so too a courtyard, could be used within this context in a building proposal.

Krier Leon

Market Typology Arrangements. Preston Market Square Liner

Non-Liner, Curvature 1890s 1910s

“The quarter must integrate all daily functions of urban life ... (in) the comfort of a walking person”

proposition. linking density to site + city

Site Density at a Micro Scale Through-Out Time. Preston Site

Friargate

OrchardStreet Market Street

Orchard Street Strip

A smaller congregation of shops which back directly onto one another in a terrace. Negative space yards are used.

St Georges Shopping Centre Street Front

Friargate Cluster

A terrace system triangular arrangement of shops which have a central court yard communal central area. Negative space in the central.

High Density Commerce and Non-Commerce Areas. Preston, Friargate

Commercial Histories of Preston

Commerce is a large part of Preston’s city centre and takes all the atrial routes of the city. This is rich within Preston’s history as a hub of the cities to the wider Lancaster region starting point as a Market town and continuation of the commerce into the industrial revolution with the cotton trade world wide. This is shown as an key factor to use within the proposal to emphasise and embrace the history of Preston.

Mapping shows the current key main commerce links and the routes in which people use these. It is shown that there can be two main node points where these terminate in conjunction to Lancaster Rd. Which can be utilised in site strategy to the proposal.

Key Nodes to Establish Views From:

1. The intersection between the Preston High Street and Lancaster Road as the high street begins to terminate in effectiveness after this node point. This node could be used to draw the commerce up from the high street and into the site. The hodology route shown through the site to the Preston Bus Station can be utilised for the foot traffic.

2. The intersection of Harris St. and Lancaster Rd. joins the main commerce core of Fiargate and the Preston Market Square with the site and thus proposal. This can be used to visually link the commerce heritage of the city whilst on site or leading up to site. This link of a node to the Harris Museum also helps to link the heritage of Preston’s Art and the proposal.

1. Market Street View

2. Lancaster Road Intersection View

Commercial Analysis of the Hubs in Preston

position. what is the guild? : my take

The Understanding of the Guild and Brief

The ‘guild’ talks of ‘an institution with a common goal’. In the proposal the ideas is taken in a more contemporary manner in the aid of collaboration of the culture of sharing of the common goal to create a knowledge hub. This sways from the traditional definition of trades people or merchants being binded in the skills they share but instead binding people with the shared ethos of communal knowledge transfer of these skills.

The main ideas to be evident within the proposal is the idea of the commerce in Preston and the ways that it can be reinvigorated within a increasingly digital commerce landscape as well as hub for creativity and learning. These components include:

- knowledge and assets being fostered and traded

- creating a open community hub.

It can be seen that this interpretation is integral within the area the use of the high street and the way it currently integrates within the city to explore commerce and spread of the ideas within Preston further.

-a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power.

Crime Linking to the Site

The Manifesto Link to Crime

The site and more widely Preston’s City Centre is filled with crime, mostly youth crime. The city is currently attempting to clamp down on this local deviance of the youth of Preston thus suggesting this is a contemporary issue with a active key audience.

The crime committed are often of the stealing and antisocial behaviour vein. It can be identified in research that these crimes are often taking place due to the loitering of youth due to their being no recreational space for the people to go.

This manifesto idea aims to target this key audience to create this safe space and create the community and ethos to reduce this crime. The ways this will help the community and help people to use their energy to create good, e.g. creativity and spread of this rather than in crime and maybe violence. This has been used in many other scheme such as ‘Boys do Knit’. The space can be seen as a learning and socialisation zone to deter the upwards trend of crime and rehabilitate those who were previously partaking within the crimes.

Creating a Hub

the hub to create a community with ‘open trade and exchange’, ‘close community’, a space to ‘educate and inspire’ whilst aiming to reduce crime within the local vicinity.

The crime in the City Centrer area is mostly violence, theft or antisocial behaviour showing a sense of lack of safety within the city. Though these cases are spanned over a long time the antisocial behaviour around key usage spots in the city is high- especially crimes by the youth population.

Preston and the Arts- Textiles

Preston has a strong art heritage starting at its industrial heritage in the textile industry. This large scale manufacturing of cotton products is widely seen in urban typologies around the city to this day. This heritage stays with these city and how the site has a former mill upon it, shows how the city embraces its history of the craft. The proposal would take this heritage in creating spaces of education in textiles, clay as well as spaces where products of this hand made nature can be sold commercially as well as exhibited.

Preston and the Arts- The Harris

Preston’s civic heritage of the arts is clear exemplified by the Harris Museum- a pinnacle of the Victorian wealth valuing the arts. This museum is extremely close (min. 2 minutes walk), thus provides a great link of the arts to the proposal. This link can be used to foster a relationship of trade and sharing knowledge and ideas. The idea of loaned pieces to exhibit in the proposal and academics from the museum interacting with users of the proposal in knowledge spreading and education. This relationship is viable due to its close proximity.

https://www.theharris.org.uk/about-us/the-history-of-the-harris/

https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/983d0a7f-35953028-b3bc-2b2d15fe9447

https://www.britainfromabove.org.uk/en/image/EAW015896

https://traveljunkiegirl.com/2018/07/23/harris-museum-art-gallery-preston/

Using the Arts to Inspire The idea to inspire use of the hub by creating a usable and accessible hub where people can learn and share whilst getting off the street.

Preston Yard Works, circa 1900. (1:5000)

Preston Yard Works, circa 1800. (1:5000) Preston Yard Works, circa 2000. (1:5000)

Preston’s Work Yards Overtime

The Mill Typology of Preston Chimneys Textile Halls Workers Housing

arts hubs around Preston

Preston and the Artistic Centres Around

The Distance and Tangible Link of Site and the Harris

Credit Above to: Continuity in Architecture 2022-23 Vertical Activity 02 Group Miller Acade

Reducing Youth Crime in Prestons Commericail Centre by Building Creative Skills and Commerce Links within the Community

CREATETRADE LEARN+TEACHSOCIALISESUPPORT

Site Physical Strategy

Centralised Internal Space

the use of a central mass or void to physicality and visually link connected spaces. Arterial routes can be forged off this and subsidiary blocks of facility types can be easily defined. This links to site analysis of market squares to link to the commerce of the manifesto brief.

educator visitor shopper

trader therapist

classrooms workshops study spaces libraries gallery spaces

meeting rooms community space shops cafes outdoor spaces

councilling rooms offices storage kitchens changing rooms

staff

Node Landmark with Indication of Axial Route

historical and current site evidencing that there is a through route from the Preston High Street to Preston Bus Station via Lancaster Road and the site. The proposal can utilities this the maintain and use this. The node is imperative to create a landmark to create links to commerce (as discussed pg.7).

Dense Interconnected Segments

creating a ‘city within a city’ with inspiration of form from within Preston currently and previously (market and site density). Creating an interweaves master plan to promote hodology routes between programme masses.

Catalyst of Ideas Inwardly and Outwardly

using links and form within design to permeate ideas throughout the proposal and reciprocate these inwardly and outwardly to the site. This creates a community space of sharing.

~providing a space for the youth of Preston to commune~ ~sharing skills and knowledge around a community~ ~using commmercial links to build a bank of exchange~

Manifesto Brief and Physical Strategy and the Brief

The physical strategies and manifesto brief points work in conjunction to create an effective proposal which will in turn facilitate the manifesto aims. This is to house the facilities and activity within the form, developed by physical strategies to create an indicative experience for the users.

The manifesto shows that key aim and those activities which need to be housed to reach this. The users are defined and linked to show which users will occupy each facilities with the physical spaces defined. These spaces can be subdivided into facility types to enable easier distribution and site strategy of programme.

Permeable Links Visually and Physically within and Externally to Site

a use of form and design to create links internally and externally between either different spaces within the proposal or the exterior context to the proposal on site.

‘educational’ ‘events’ ‘socail’ ‘welfare’ staff’ ‘service’

FACILITIES

Urban Artefact Identification

Rossi uses urban artefacts to exemplify how the city is filled with different artefacts all presented and identifies as one together. He explains that these artefacts shape the way we use the city. Due to this theory in taskelet 01 editing the view, will look at the urban artefacts around Preston and how I can implement the site strategies using urban artefacts.

By adding masses different approaches were taken in creating different feelings and by using these artefacts it identifies the imperative and active views to site. Characteristics from the built environment around the site and on the site are influenced when placing the artefact as it alters the urban flow and in-tangible assets of the site. It re-characterises the site. Characteristics from the original sense of site can be taken away assessed in value.

to direct to a entry point

Creating a focal point creating a node with link to an axial route to create a through movement using Urban Artefacts

This concept was effective as prompted the correct movement of the site and is very explanatory in form. This would create the desired axial route and node placement.

The shaping of the Urban artefacts are not receptive to the site at such large scale as strongly disassociate from the original intention. In progress the elemental shapes will be of the same nature but not use of urban artefactual shapes.

Tasklet01- Editing the View

Column facade Feature how tthis is a common feature found around the site and aroudn the whole city. this shows civic frontage and also snese of grandure. Aroud the whole city so links the areas in

Site Strategic Element Explored

Node Landmark with Indication to Axial Route

creating a penetrable entry point whilst maintaining a threshold

Editing the View no. 2

Creating the permeable threshold between private and public using Urban Artefacts

The idea of threshold and creating an inviting entry point with boundary was effective, however, the harshness of a colonnaded did not completely create inviting entry. This is due to the civic nature of this urban artefact often associated with government.

To progress this concept the neutrality of the columns can be redesigned in concept, whilst maintaining the threshold and set back design.

Site Strategic Element Explored

Permeable Links Visually and Physically within and Externally to Site

creating a commercial ‘visual cue’ from the different existing commercial areas within Preston

Site Strategic Element Explored

Node Landmark with Indication to Axial Route

Editing the View no. 3

Creating a Focal Point to Link Commerce Districts

This conceptual proposal was effective in the way it create a landmark and effectively created the desired ‘visual cue’. With use of the colonnade Urban Artefact it is in context with its surrounding design.

The flaw in this method was that in scale and rhythm the concept did not fit with existing features and architectural sense of place due to scale and height. To progress this concept further a more rhythmic ‘visual cue’ can be implemented to be receptive the design of the area whilst maintaining the desired link to the commerce.

Preston Bus Station Ornamental Facade Fin taking about the significance of the fin n the design of the brutalist bus station. its ornimentation and techtonics are the ornimentation and vice vera. how this is a mirroring and close proximity artefact.

“... the city itself is the collective memory of its people, and like memory it is associated with objects and places...”

Editing the View. Aldo Rossi.

overlapping tectonics

Initial Massing no. 1

Creating clear axial route through the site,maintaining through route. Key ideas explored are to play with the form of the masses and this would interact with the desired axial-diagonal route. The desired outcome if for a through route to be maintained and determined/orchestrated by the massing form. This links to Editing the View 02. This iteration was effective because it maintained the visual pull of massing form in the two protrusions on Lord Street. This would increase footfall to this node. This axial route with the protrusions at both Lord Street and Tithebarn Street will be carried through, however more permeability may be needed on Lancaster Rd.

The overall massing on other points became chaotic, however, in iteration 02, this improved and became more streamline. The nollie plan presentation shows this iteration change becoming streamlined passage along the axis. This reduces the sense of overcrowding in plan.

Tasklet02- Contextualise

Initial Massing no. 2

Creating clear entry points using visual cues.

The massing aims within this iteration is to create the visual cue to the node on the intersection between Lancaster Road and Lord Street. This is to promote the axial route in no. 1 but to also refer back to Editing the View 03, to connect commerce within the city.

This iterations was deemed effective due to the prominence the design had within the street scape, however ineffective because drew away from the axial route through route due to the lack of entry point at the point of prominence. Features at a lower level would create the same effect at eye level thus this should be developed.

Justifying the Site Strategy into Itteration01

Evidencing the axial route desired through the massing with destination of Bus Station and High St

Identifying positive and Negative Space Iteration 01 Iteration 02

Justifying the Site Strategy into Itteration01

This shows the clear route and lead of the axial route indicated by the node which is promoting this. There is need for a strong permeability on Lancaster Rd.

Site Strategic Element Explored

Evidencing Site Strategic Element Explored

Evidencing Site Strategic Element Explored

Node Landmark wiht Indication to Axial Route

Site Strategic Element Explored

Node Landmark with Indication to Axial Route

Project Title Young St. Lane

Architects Malcom Fraser Architects

Year 2008

Location Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Re-Reading: Sally Stone

The different theories that she talks about and the case study link. The way that the analysis and the things talked about strategy and tactics for retrofitting and adding to an existing site building. One strategy used is ‘adaptation’ Stone used the Young St Lane case study in Edinburgh to exemplify this.

This case study is a terrace muse which has an addition to the front and rear ‘landlocked’ courtyard. Stone describes the project to not have ‘significant remodelling’ so the adaptation was in the external space of the courtyard which is adapting to having a form intersect the otherwise void. The design used structure as ornamentation described as ‘quite modest’ and to use the existing structural intermarry as a starting point in materiality to make it this empathetic. The new being grey zinc reflect the predominant colours of the area thus adapting into the area, but the prominence of the colour in large proportions suggests the context will also adapt to the building’s presence. The vertical circulation however at the real is all glazed to thus suggest light and void as it was before, therefore adapting the building into the context.

This case study well exemplifies the work of Stone as showing that the building both adapts to the con text, but also adapts the contexts itself.

Creative Destruction of the Listed Historic Terrace

The main theory behind this iteration of massing was to create the permeable edge in order to enter at all vantage points. This is via Lancaster Rd. Other iteration no. 1 and 2 are show the need for this level of permeability to create footfall cues along this key threshold.

In the two iterations it is determined whether four units or only the centre three units are replaced. It is concluded that it is more effective to replace all four as helps to maintain the axial route from the Lancaster Rd. and Lord St. node. As in ‘Re-Readings’ Stone suggests adaptive reuse through alteration in retrofit. This is adaptive as completes site strategy.

Iteration 01 maintenance of the outer ground floor façades with a permeable middle

Iteration 02 creating a whole permeable frontage on Lancaster Rd. with a corner stone through route axial entrance point (commerce connection)

“... heritage values in making the decision should be proportionate to the significance of the place and the impact of the proposed change on that significance...” Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance.

“... valid architecture evokes many levels of meaning and combinations of focus...” Rereadings. Sally Stone.

contemparary additions heritage assset

Young St Lane view #01 Young St Lane view #02 Proposal

Site Strategic Element Explored Node Landmark with Indication to Axial Route

education facilities

clay workshop art workshop textiles workshop changing room workshop storage

business teaching room

art (history) teaching room

break out spaces

individual working areas

cloak rooms

library book storage

visual links to galleries and commerce areas physical link to arts stores

heritage knowledge and artefacts within the space accommodations for aprons and PPE for craft activities accessed physically by all workshops

visual links to the shopping areas link to art workshop with (im)permeable barriers physical links to educational facilities. overlap to atrium small booths and areas occupying the negative space physical links to reception of educational faculties

using the negative space and visual links to the commerce close proximity to book shop to promote commerce

proposition. scheduling of prog rammed spaces

events facilities

auditorium/atrium storage space x2

gallery spaces

occupying negative space. adaptable community space auxiliary and service spaces for event furniture occupying negative space. visual links with edu. physical links between educational/ gallery facilities

social community facilities

gallery storage cafe cafe storage

cafe kitchens

shop(s) units x8

shop storage

specific commerce and informal community space furniture store to create an adaptable cafe space close proximity and permeable barriers to exemplify craft

welfare facilities

internal external courtyards

‘alone time’ areas

welfare support systems rooms

each exemplifying or aiding the educational functions direct access with commerce units shared and individual visual links between educational facilities link to the outdoors with indoor/outdoor courtyards small comforting rooms with soft furnishings

staff areas

staff room staff unisex WC staff changing rooms x2 storage office space break out individual / group space x2

open space with capacity of 28 staff disabled access and non gender descriptor bathrooms areas of both open space changing and individual cubicles staff’s personal and work related storage open plan and group mobility areas spaces for group staff work group as well as with students

service areas

x3

large open expanses playing with the negative spacing services for events, welfare and educational services

disabled access and non gender descriptor bathrooms smaller plant rooms around the proposal (6x6m) escape routes disability allowing to each facility around the building service for each facility area

Total total area (net) 3091m2 + 5% risers 32145m2 total available area on site

Scheduling Space in Scale

The brief shows key areas to define and create within the proposal. These include: workshops, an auditorium, teaching rooms, offices and a small library. These are included with the addition of other desired spaces to make the proposal effective at both responding to brief and manifesto. These other spaces include: gallery space, cafe and retail units.

The specific areas such as those within the social and community facilities (cafe/study areas), are important to give the desired user profile. This is to create an effective area to enable the manifesto aim of reducing crime. These also meet the manifesto aim of creating a commerce link by using retail (shops and cafe) at either end of the site. This is prime location on the hodology route discussed to attract use. This is also addressing site strategy of a proposal through route.

Therefore these areas have different degrees of connection strength. This runs in line with the site strategy of a permeable site because strong connections may be physically and visually linked, however, weaker ones only visual. This would be most useful in the educational to social community and service events facilities to grow the connection of different activity within the proposal.

Key: accessibility realm private public programme classification educational facilities service events facilities social community facilities staff facilities welfare facilities connection strength weak medium strong

proposition. scaled adjacentites

Scale when compiling

When placing the spaces in plan when scaled it is clear that the site strategy of a centralised circulation area is effective in creating links between the spaces. This can be seen as the fist floor plan iteration, however, the space would be too large for site thus would have to span over multiple storeys.

Altering process to design via form following function allows the space to be designed to the correct scale. This is interesting as this allows the space and intangible atmospheric assets to match the form to create ideas of ‘permeability threshold’ and a ‘trough route’ as described in site strategy.

Key: accessibility realm ` private public programme classification educational facilities service events facilities social community facilities staff facilities welfare facilities

Retaining Buildings Brownfield Site

Programming the Locations of Functions Around the Site

Scaled Sheduled Spaces in Plan (1:500 a3)

Scaled Site Massing to the Programme (1:500 A3)

Transferring the scaled proximity models back into massing blocks allowed a scaled massing proposal at this stage. This enabled a view of the spaces at a comparable scale in comparison to the previous iterations.

This scheme idea still followed the site strategy pointers, however, focussed more onto the permeability. This was both assessed internally of the proposal and externally. This created a more effective proposal as the internal spaces created a more effective scale for the desired atmospheric intangible factors. Externally, this also was effective in determining the relation and dimensions of walk ways and entrances in terms of the context. It was evaluated that the openings for entrances were too large and the intangible sense of rhythm of context would not be effective.

Scaled Masses of each Programmed Space

The size and approximate shape of each mass (all measurements in meters and are if square masses).

Establishing a Rough Site Massing in Master Plan

Rationalising mass in different floors to un derstand ho w th ese in teract wi th the ground floor context outwardly as well as inwardly between the floors and masses

“We should realise that the right form exists only at the right scale”

proposition. massing translated to concepts

City within a City. Krier Leon

Tasklet04- One-toTwo-Hundred

Scaled Site Massing to the Programme (1:500 A3)

The progression of this iteration shows the clear process of development of a landmark to the south west of site via group of projec tions to the south of site as well as removal of the ground floor of the listed terrace. This can be justified in line with Historic England guild lines on retrofit and how the proposal would be creating more opportunities than loss. This is also true of the former pub on the south east of the site. This hindered a key view to the site thus preventing the site from being permeable of the proposal from the east.

1:500 Plan (a3)

in Conjunction with the Current Prefrabriable Massing Model

1:500 Short and Long Section (a3)

In Conjunction with the Current Preferable Massing Model

Block Styles and Formation Types

Identification of the different block styles and how/where these are used for different urban effect.

https://www.reddit.com/r/europe/comments/p8xaid/an_

aerial_view_of_barcelona_spain/ https://medforest.net/2022/10/03/reimagining-our-cities/

Project Title Barcelona City Planning

Urban Planner Ildefons Cerdà

Year 19th Cent

Location Barcelona, Spain

Urban Grain at a Meso Scale

Ildefons Cerdà designed Barcelona to the 3x3 grid plan through out the city to create districts with a clear system and streamline pattern. This allowed for uniformity with variation to create public spaces and define boundaries between to territorial spaces. These theories were defined in his book ‘General Theory of Urbanisation’ 1867.

Cardà’s visions for the city were socialist with the octagonal shaped city block with chamfered corner to be shared by rich and poor; to the same services and public spaces. A neighbourhood with out class divide. The first district to be built was Example to set precidents in the late 19th cent. To how this could work to be further built all over the city.

Octagonal city blocks with wide streets facilitate transport and navigation within the city and theoretically provider greater air circulation to the streets. The blocks ranged in NW-SE orientation maintained natural light of each unit.

The superblock was designed, envisioned to have green space at the centrer of each city block. A shared space for all occupants of a 9 block merge to allow outdoor space away from the roads. These in many situations did not materialise however other green spaces and public spaces did. The emergence of plazas, deliverables nd squares cut through the grid for public open space.

Urban Measurement with Intended Aims

The measurement of the blocks were regular and had different arrangement of types to engage the city with different pedestrianised zones and usable spaces. These include parks, pedestrianised shopping zones, courtyards and walkways to connect spaces by foot.

Implementable Design Features into Plan

Understanding of the Urban Layout and Dimensions

A 3metersx3meters block structure with intervals for different urban features, such as boulevards, plazas and housing of junctions. Each block is separated with a longitudinal street leading NW or SE. This is additionally altered to lead to a destination landmark. Blocks can be split into direct halves to accommodate this.

Plan

A 3metersx3meters block structure with intervals for different urban features, such as boulevards, plazas and housing of junctions. Each block is separated with a longitudinal street leading NW or SE. This is additionally altered to lead to a destination landmark. Blocks can be split into direct halves to accommodate this.

The Super Block

portion

which

limited

The Street Pedestrian routes between the different block. Smaller and less grand than ‘The Boulevard’, however, more significant than the pedestrianised cut through.

https://www.themayor.eu/en/a/view/reclaiming-city-streetsfrom-cars-barcelona-style-9938

Super Blocking + Use on a Pedestrian Scale

Development Analysis Diagram

Addressing Site Strategy

Using and moving the assets to address the key ideas of a through route and a central area. These are address via use of features found in Barcelona (above) a plaza, boulevard and junctions.

Forming a ‘Boulevard’ Through Route

By using different block segmented built interventions on the ground floor a direct route from the intersection of Lancaster Rd. and Lord St. is formed. This creates the desired site agenda of a axial through route.

Mirroring Precidents Schemes

Using the key ideas of the Barcelona urban grain, the 4 characterising methods were established. These can be seen to create a smooth flow from high density ‘city’ with public and private spaces. This is effective in community life and create clear urban passageway as there green spaces and public spaces did. The emergence of plazas, boulevard and junctions are clear to be present in the proposal with these iterations helping to create a more emphasised and effective boulevard and plaza area.

1:500 Plan (a3)

In Conjunction with Understanding of the Public Realm Analysis with Precidents of Barcelona’s Urban Grain/Features

GF (w/ strategy)

1F (w/ strategy)

proposition. understanding the public realm

Node Landmark with Indication to Axial Route Centralised Internal Space

Internal Vignette Entry way to site exemplifying one of the described arcades, part of the boulevard to show materiality and scale at human scale.

https://www. dezeen. com/2016/09/25/ awadh-shilpgram-crafts-campus-archohm-lucknow-traditional-indian-architecture/amp/

Project Title Urban Bazaar

Architect Sourabh Gupta

Year 2016

Location Uttaar Pradessh, India

Heritage Landmark Thresholds

This precidents helps to exemplify the importance in creating a strong threshold. This helps to define the site strategy of permeability as creates a clear physical landmark welcoming visitors and suggesting hodology routes. It is also effective in full filling manifesto point of reduced crime as helps to create a defined threshold to reduce sheltered or dark areas where crime take place.

This project, like the proposal uses arches to signify retail units. This is effective as positioned equally at the edge of each unit giving indicative route to entrance. This is useful in creating commerce links as desired in the manifesto brief.

proposition. threshold to the city

Public Realm Evidenced in Urban Planning Precidents

The public realm of the proposal is defined mostly between the ‘boulevard’. This is because it leads the site through route in the day- closed at night. This realm is led by three main factors of entry points (as elaborated upon below).

These all follow the idea of an ancient city. The idea through the project that there is a city within a city. As in an ancient city there is a wall that houses the city and a central square this replicating further the urban planning of Barcelona. This is effective in creating the threshold by creating the entry points to this main ‘plaza’ and ‘boulevard’ through the city wall.

Major Entry Point: The Arcade

The arcade creates a permeable entry point into the site. As a point of commerce this intrigues and draws users into the site. Due to the layout of form there is a intuition to move through the space, thus to other spaces. As well as this due to form shops the through route is intuitive via the main entrances down the boulevard.

Major Entry Point: Landmark

The landmark (as inspired by Urban Bazaar precidents) creates an intuitive hodology route to retail at the south of site (Lord St.) at each unit and the side entrance at the end of colonnade. The positioning of this also creates a clear landmark at the junction of Lord St. and Lancaster Rd. creating clear permeable entrance.

Major Entry Point: Archways

As described in an ancient city there are clear entrances to the city square through city walls. This is empathetically signified by an archway. This works into the site as there are arches found in the motifs of the mill and front listed terrace.

The Arcade Link with Lancaster Rd.

A substantial and key street within Preston to create landmark to draw users into proposal. The arcade creates a diversion from the direct route to ring road.

Arch entry to plaza

Arches show importance in comparison to the ‘normal door ways’ suggesting key entry points.

Map to Analyse the Position and Strategy of Threshold

within

Elevation Line Context

the Proposal

Considering the different entry types and the different boundaries which the threshold will take in different parts of the proposal. Site strategy is shown as the the permeable Lancaster Rd. and idea of node and axial route through analysis.

Proposal Elevation 1:200 (a3)

Analysis of the threshold features on the Lord Street Elevation. How pedestrians would interact in use and circulation on this elevation as well as the same features on other elevations

Colonnade

The landmark feature to draw users to the proposal via retail (as well as arcade features). Bus routes down Lord St. exemplifies this to bus users as a destination.

Roofing

The design is taking inspiration from shaping of the surrounding context in and off shapes. This includes pitches and inverted pitches as well as modern alternatives of flat roofs

Demolition of the Pub the creation of a permeable landscaped area instead of the derelict former pub that was on site. This is giving the opportunity of a permeable entrance to the site with view to the landmark colonnade.

Threshold Strategy in Plan

The strategy is to create a landmark from both aspect of the site (in and to each unit), important in creating a clear circulation pattern with each archway signifying destination

Shaping the Landscape

The landscape is designed to keep as much of the existing materials on site as at the beginning of the project. Use of greenery and existing trees is desire. Materials found within the retrofitted building are used within the paving of the project and the site strategies of the proposal follow into the landscaping

Servicing Deliveries and Resources

A purposes build servicing centre consisting of a service yard, staff exit and fire escape. The service yard is accessible off Crooked Lane, already used as a service road for the St. John Shopping Centre. This is accessible for cars and lorries and also by foot

proposal. creating an initial masterplan

Sustainability

a. considerations for RIBA sustainable outcomes.

b. consideration for UK regulations addressing the climate emergency (part L and F).

c.initial strategies of internal environmental strategies with cross ventilation and solar shading strategies.

d.maintaining the local vegetation in line with the basophilic strategies.

e. retaining existing materials of site through retrofit of buildings and reuse of materials.

The type of retrofit there is and the features which have been taken from (e.g. arches and the programme of the mill linking to the craft).

The type of retrofit there is and the features which have been taken from (e.g. arches and the programme of the mill linking to the craft).

The type of retrofit there is and the features which have been taken from (e.g. arches and the programme of the mill linking to the craft).

The type of retrofit there is and the features which have been taken from (e.g. arches and the programme of the mill linking to the craft).

Master Plan in Relation to the Site Strategy

The main aim of the master plan was to create a proposal which encapsulates the site strategies in a clear and initiative way. Through using Barcelona’s city planning as precidents this is completed effectively whilst maintaining a great sense of scale within the proposal. Using ancient city threshold techniques it further emphasises the site strategies such as node and axial route as well as the permeable assets internally and externally.

The programme is segregated by function creating a flowing and navigable plan. This also addresses the site strategy of density within the site by creating a plan with many smaller assets. Retrofit instead of demolishing the existing buildings on site ties into creating a node as the proposal already has a known site asset, however draws attention due to asset addition.

proposal. concluding how the model relates back to the manifesto

Existing Buildings in Retrofit and Features

Programming the Space

Thresholds + Entrances to Fulfil Site Strategy

Linking Barcelona to the Site Strategy

Gauge a deeper understanding of the structure and process of retrofitting a building. Use retrofitting and reuse more within the design to use features and ‘artefacts for the original buildings to give character and heritage value to the proposal. Expand on retrofitting buildings and bring the use of the mill back into the proposal.

Number Two

Intangible and Tangible

Understanding the tangible and intangible factors of the site and context in a more considered and justified scale in the proposal. Use of analysis such as intangible rhythm, flow and pattern to create an appropriate exterior design. Use on interior and external of physical features tangibly found as artefacts to justify shape and design motifs.

Number Three

Temporal

Create a clear and methodical sustainability plan following Passive House standards and UK regulation as well as the RIBA Sustainable Outcomes. Understanding the way the building will be used and change over time. Create a design with the ability for the building to change and grow with the activity and creativity it will hold as a educational facility.

Number Four

Nodes as Vantage Points

Site analysis showed key nodes in terms of site entry, commerce point, ect. These were lost in design and the design can focus more on how these vantage points can be developed further to make these clear nodes fro the design.

Number Five

General Arrangement

Expand upon the design of the space to create the desired atmospheric pointers, with use of the site strategies and adjacencies to determined these as successful. More depth can be discovered into creating a ‘City within a City’ and how the small spaces within the proposal can be used as well as housing activity within the large ones.

16 cafe kitchens

17 landscaped gardens

19 fine art workshops

23 informal meeting area

25 silent group study

31 art history class room

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