LED Standards Update and Energy Star (or What has the DOE/SSL Program done for you (or, lately?)
Naomi Miller, FIES, FIALD, LC
Leducation VI
Senior Lighting Engineer Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
March 21, 2012
Program Name or Ancillary Text
eere.energy.gov
DOE SSL Support Programs
2 | Solid-State Lighting Program
www.ssl.energy.gov
DOE SSL Support Programs
www.ssl.energy.gov/
3 | Solid-State Lighting Program
www.ssl.energy.gov
CALiPER at a Glance Why testing products is valuable:
Capture p market trends and g gauge g p performance levels Identify important areas for improvement Manufacturer accountability Inspire consumer confidence
Scope of products:
SSL General illumination White light Market available
4 | Solid-State Lighting Program
www.ssl.energy.gov
CALiPER Process
Product Selection & Purchasing
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Independent LM-79-08 Testing
Data Analysis
Report Publication
www.ssl.energy.gov
Step 1: Selection & Purchasing I.
Industry observations Conventions, trade shows, and conferences Trade publications, popular media Manufacturer marketing materials
II LED Lighting II. Li hti Facts F t quality lit assurance concerns Do reported values reflect commercially available products?
III CALiPER guidance committee III. IV. Anonymous purchase
Manufacturers can’t request tests or submit products! 6 | Solid-State Lighting Program
www.ssl.energy.gov
Step 2: SSL Luminaire Testing Independent testing laboratories Uses absolute photometry rather than relative photometry (IES LM-79-08) LM 79 08) Must measure luminaire as a complete system
Benchmark products for each application are also tested to LM-79 Integrating sphere and goniophotometer testing
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Photo credit: Luminaire Testing Laboratory
www.ssl.energy.gov
Step 2: SSL Luminaire Testing Integrating Sphere Luminaire light g output, p efficacy Color quality Spectral p p power distribution Chromaticity coordinates CCT & Duv CRI & R9
Electrical measurements Thermal characteristics
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www.ssl.energy.gov
Step 2: SSL Luminaire Testing Goniophotometer
Luminaire light g output, p efficacy y Beam characteristics and intensity distributions Electrical measurements, thermal characteristics “In-situ” In-situ testing (non-standard) 11-48 [43 W]
56 W BK11-62 9 | Solid-State Lighting Program
11-55 [31 W]
63 W BK11-49HE
68 W BK11-49
11-56 [37 W]
LED Product www.ssl.energy.gov
Step 2: SSL Luminaire Testing 10-16
10-17
10-19
T8 LED replacement lamps in parabolics…
10-36
Black = fluorescent baseline Red = SSL
• SS SSL T8 lamps in parabolic louvered troffer ff definitely f do not provide light distribution breadth or intensity of fluorescent T8 lamps p • Tested in the same troffer, SSL T8 lamps have lower spacing criteria (SC) implying more fixtures will be needed for installed systems 10 | Solid-State Lighting Program
www.ssl.energy.gov
Step 3: Data Analysis Performance compared to conventional technologies Performance relative to manufacturer data Evaluation of equivalency claims Comparison to LED Lighting Facts Comparison to ENERGY STAR® (or other) criteria
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www.ssl.energy.gov
Step 3: Data Analysis [Round 12: Benchmark A-lamp and LED Performance]
60 W
40 W
Light Ou utput (lume ens)
1000
800
600
400 SSL CALiPER Round 12, 6-13 W SSL CALiPER Previous, 1-14 W Incandescent Benchmarks, Benchmarks 4-60 W CFL Benchmarks, 4-18 W
200
0 0
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20
40 60 Effi Efficacy (l /W) (lm/W)
80
100
www.ssl.energy.gov
Step 3: Data Analysis [Round 13: 2’ x 2’ Troffers]
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www.ssl.energy.gov
Step 3: Data Analysis
SNEAK PEAK!
[R14: Retrofit Downlights]
L Luminous s Efficacy y (lm/W)
90 80 70 60 50
ENERGY STAR
40
Retrofit downlights (R14) Previous CALiPER Tests LED Lighting Facts Data Incandescent Benchmarks Halogen Benchmarks CFL Benchmarks
30 20 10 0 0
200
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400
600 800 Output (lm)
1000
1200
www.ssl.energy.gov
 Step 4: Report Publication
Detailed Reports
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www.ssl.energy.gov
 Step 4: Report Publication
Special Reports p
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www.ssl.energy.gov
Retail Replacement Lamps (Part 2!) Special Reports p
MR16
PAR20
PAR30
A19
G25
38 Total Products. Products 9 Different Retailers. 18 Different Manufacturers.
17 | Solid-State Lighting Program
www.ssl.energy.gov
Retail Replacement Lamps (Part 2!) 1000 Special Reports p 900 800
Output (lm)) O
700
RRL1: $139/klm1 RRL2: $63/klm
600 500
(mean)
400 Retail Replacement Lamps 2 Retail Replacement Lamps 1 Incandescent Benchmarks Halogen Benchmarks CFL B Benchmarks h k
300 200 100 0 $0
$10
$20
$30 $40 $50 C t per L Cost Lamp
$60
$70
$80
1. Includes only products of the same types tested in RRL2. 18 | Solid-State Lighting Program
www.ssl.energy.gov
Step 4: Report Publication
2006–2011 SUMMARY REPORTS 3 “Rounds” per year Range of products
New for 2012! Summary Reports
APPLICATION REPORTS Continuous data More focused g g Facts QA LED Lighting
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www.ssl.energy.gov
Upcoming Testing
Coming Soon!
Flood lights Linear pendants Wall washers
On Deck
In the Dugout
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Downlight Retrofits (New Format!) Retail Replacement Lamps (Special)
High-output A-lamps Troffers (2x4, 2x2, 1x4) Retail Focus
www.ssl.energy.gov
GATEWAY Demonstration Program • Purpose: demonstrate new SSL products in real-world applications that save energy, match or improve illumination and are costillumination, cost effective • Demos g generate critical field experience providing:
Central Park, NY
Photo: Ryan Pyle
– Feedback to manufacturers – Data for utility y incentives – Market readiness of specific applications to users – Advancement in lighting g g knowledge Smithsonian American Museum of Art, Washington, D.C. 21 | Solid-State Lighting Program
www.ssl.energy.gov
Successful Application – U.S. Department of Labor HQ • Integral occupancy sensor dims fixture to 10% power • 55% installed wattage reduction in high state; 95% reduction in low • ~80% 80% kWh energy savings expected, incl. dimming • Initial minimum horizontal illuminance increased 21%; average decreased 53% • ~8 year simple payback (for retrofit), ~5 year for new • 1:1 replacement • Some sensor failures and tweaking needed 22 | Solid-State Lighting Program
Before (HPS)
After (LED & Sensor)
www.ssl.energy.gov
Nike and TJ Maxx parking lots
• LED full-cutoff luminaires, t two per pole, l 30’ pole l height, 110’ x 150’ spacing • Shut down to low level (35%) output when no cars or pedestrians detected • PIR occupancy sensors mounted on each luminaire, “looking” looking down • Occupancy sensors have detection area of only 60’ diameter, so they can “miss” movement 23 | Solid-State Lighting Program
60-ft diameter coverage of occ sensors www.ssl.energy.gov
GATEWAY Study: Brooker Gallery, Field Museum
Source
Lamp Type
Lamp Type
Lamp Type
Total Watts
Halogen g
8 ((PAR36))
23 ((PAR38))
1 ((MR16))
894
LED
14 (70 mm module)
12 (90 mm module)
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335
Energy Savings 63% www.ssl.energy.gov
GATEWAY Study: Brooker Gallery, Field Museum Halogen
LED
$7,645.00
$ 8,216.00
Annual Hours of Operation
2912
2912
Operating Power of Lighting System
836
335
Annual Ltg. Electric Operating Cost
$292.13
$116.99
Payback from Lighting alone (Years)
-----
3.26
Payback from Lighting + HVAC (Years)
-----
2.38
Total Initial Cost
Lifespan (50,000 hrs/2912) Years
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17.17
www.ssl.energy.gov
GATEWAY Study: Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art Viewing public’s assessment of four light sources (% with strong preference) in test gallery
2700K, 84
LED Lamp 1
2700K, 85
2638K, 93
LED Lamp 2
LED Lamp 3
2821K, 99
Halogen Par38 Lamp
Overall light g distribution on art
0
23
8
23
Ideal warmness / coolness of light
10
37
12
8
Best lamp for oil painting
6
25
15
15
Best lamp for B&W photo
1
29
14
4
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www.ssl.energy.gov
GATEWAY Project - LED replacement p lamp p demonstration at the InterContinental Hotel, Howard Street, San Francisco
Collaborative effort among Pacific Gas & Electric InterContinental San Francisco Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the US DOE Laboratory, Can LED replacement lamps satisfy the high standards for appearance and f functionality ti lit while hil saving i energy? ?
27 | Solid-State Lighting Program
www.ssl.energy.gov
Problems encountered along the way…. • Few
lamps survived Round 1 testing (color, output, flicker, etc.) • Product performance claims often inflated • Some lamps incompatible with electronic transformers (flicker, loading too low) • Most lamps behaved oddly when dimmed • MR16 LED Lamps in enclosed fixtures starting failing at 9000 hours
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www.ssl.energy.gov
Flicker and Dimming Research • IEEE PAR1789 committee participation for Risk A Assessment t and d workk toward better flicker metric • CALiPER exploratory research to establish range of waveforms from LEDs • Working W ki with ith iindustry d t committees to address performance of dimmers and LED drivers • Discussing adding flicker waveform to CALiPER testing 29 | Solid-State Lighting Program
Incandescent/Halogen
20W Halogen MR16
60 A19 60W 19 www.ssl.energy.gov
Fluorescent Magnetically-ballasted
Fluorescent Electronically-ballasted
BK 10-X-28
BK 10-X-32
T12 Fl Fluorescentt
A19 CFL
BK 10-X-33
BK 10-X-34
Quad-Tube CFL
Quad-Tube CFL
3 30 | Solid-State Lighting Program 0
www.ssl.energy.gov
What about solid-state lighting (SSL)?
07-23A
09-20A
Al A-lamp/G-lamp /G l
Al A-lamp/G-lamp /G l
10-28D
09-21A
A-lamp/G-lamp a p/G a p
A-lamp/G-lamp a p/G a p
3 31 | Solid-State Lighting Program 1
Source : Michae www.ssl.energy.gov l
SSL: (almost) anything is possible ‌
07-14B
07-18B
R30/PAR30
R30/PAR30
09-76D
09-112A
R30/PAR30 30/ 30
R30/PAR30 30/ 30
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Source : Michae www.ssl.energy.gov l
SSL: (almost) anything is possible …
10-X-14
10-X-35
“AC LED” M Module d l
2’ x 2’ ttroffer ff
07-61
09-44
2” do downlight g t
4” do downlight g t
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Source: Michael Poplaw www.ssl.energy.gov
LED Technology Fact Sheets 2-4 page tutorials on LED issues LED Color Characteristics LED T8 Replacement lamps Understanding Photometric Reports for SSL Dimming LEDs SSL Standards and Guidelines Etc. Etc Etc. Etc
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www.ssl.energy.gov
What has the DOE/SSL Program done for you lately?
That’s all, folks! Naomi Miller Naomi . Miller @ PNNL . gov
35 | Solid-State Lighting Program
www.ssl.energy.gov