Skill Gaps and Training Needs of Existing and Potential Entrepreneurs in Turkey by CEFEMacedonia

GLOBAL EXCHANGE AND TRAINING FOR YOUTH EMPLOYMENT SERVICES 2 Project number: 618649-EPP-1-2020-1-MK-EPPKA2-CBY-ACPALA

SKILL GAPS AND TRAINING NEEDS REPORT in Young Existing & Potential Entrepreneurs in TURKEY

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

Preface GET YES 2 is a partnership between 6 partners from 6 countries worldwide: Venezuela, Turkey, Philippines, Bulgaria, Uganda and N. Macedonia. It is a 24-month capacity building project in the field of youth. The main motivation behind this project is to foster the cooperation, exchange and upgrade of good practices between project countries. The final vision: new quality jobs through creation of entrepreneurship mindset and culture among economic actors in the societies. The aim is to build the know-how and technical capacities of the six partners, and by that to create: reports with data for supporting entrepreneurs, training need analysis, 24 new trainers, training programs for gaining entrepreneurial competences, educational platform for retention of skills, IT solutions for standardised working, exchange of experience in creating local jobs, and through created services to encourage 300 young existing or potential entrepreneurs to create new jobs. An added value is the standardization and networking among CEFE centers around the world. The GET YES 2 partnership appreciates the usefulness of a comprehensive understanding of skill gaps and training needs among young people in business creation, operation and development, especially those associated with actual or potential creation of enterprises. Identification of specific knowledge deficiencies and skill gaps of the target groups in the partner countries was the main objective of an on-line survey undertaken in all project partner countries. These surveys were meant to: (a) to reveal “Skill Gaps” of prospective young business creators (interpreted as “training needs”), (b) to consider how training programs could be organised and delivered most effectively, (c) to investigate the readiness and willingness for cooperation with other organisations that support entrepreneurs in respective countries. The present Report contains the results of the survey conducted in the Turkey. The associated tasks were coordinated by Buse Yavuz, together with Ömer Faruk Koçhan and Eray Kışkan, who are the main authors of this Report. Buse Yavuz gave valuable assistance for mentoring the process. The author(s) wish to acknowledge the information and support received from the Experiential Training Center - DeM Turkey.

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

Table of Contents

Executive Summary (in English) .…………………………………………………………………………………….5 Executive Summary (in Turkish) .…………………………………………………………………………………….6 Sampling Methodology and the Report’s structure………………………………………………………..…7 Findings 1. Survey participants’ personal characteristics……………………………………………………………… 8 2. The Professional & Business’ characteristics ……………………………………………………………….9 3. Motives for becoming entrepreneur/intrapreneur ……………………………………………………10 4. Running a business – Expected or Experienced Problems ………………………………………….11 5. Skills requirements associated with running a business …………………………………………..13 6. Knowledge and adequacy of skills requirements associated with running a business…16 7. Survey participants’ views on how skills could be upgraded and retained …………………17 8. Comparative analysis of “Problems”, “Skill Gaps” and “Knowledge Adequacy” …………19 9. National Survey specific issues …………………………………………………………………………………20

ANNEX A: Survey Results ……………………………………………………………………………………………….21 ANNEX B: Survey Questionnaire (English) …………………………………………………………………….49

Tab

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

Executive Summary This study was conducted in Turkey by a team of three researchers connected with the Experiential Training Center (DeM). It was done within the context of the GetYES2 project in cooperation with CEFE Macedonia. The study covered youth from several youth NGOs based in İstanbul and İzmir. The researchers fielded an electronic questionnaire which the young people could access via a link. Researchers translated and explained the questions verbally for some young people who had difficulty understanding business terms in English. A total of 62 completed responses came back, most of which were from ages 18 to 25. Majority of respondents have not had training in entrepreneurship before, and nearly all reported intentions to start an enterprise, or had aspirations to be intrapreneurs.

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

Özet Bu çalışma Türkiye'de Deneyimsel Eğitim Merkezi'ne (DeM) bağlı üç araştırmacının oluşturduğu bir ekip tarafından gerçekleştirildi. Anket çalışması GetYES2 projesi kapsamında CEFE Makedonya işbirliği ile yapıldı. Çalışma, İstanbul ve İzmir'de bulunan çeşitli gençlik STK'larından gençleri kapsadı. Araştırmacılar, gençlerin bir bağlantı aracılığıyla erişebilecekleri bir elektronik anket oluşturdular. Araştırmacılar, İngilizce iş terimlerini anlamakta güçlük çeken bazı gençler için soruları sözlü olarak tercüme edip açıkladılar. Çoğu 18-25 yaşları arasında olmak üzere toplam 62 tamamlanmış yanıt geri geldi. Ankete katılanların çoğunluğu daha önce girişimcilik konusunda eğitim almamış ve neredeyse tamamı bir girişim kurma niyetlerini bildirmiş veya kurum içi girişimci olma istekleri olduğunu bildirmiştir.

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

Sampling Methodology and the Report’s structure The sample of 62 respondents were obtained from three NGO’s where the target age groups 18-35, could be obtained. NGO

Targeted Number of Respondents

Experiential Training Center DeM

IKOS - İstanbul Culture and Sport Organization

TIC Youth and Sport

The report is structured according to how the questionnaire was designed. It will start with the survey participants’ characteristics, followed by their business characteristics. The findings will be presented, starting with participants’ motives for becoming entrepreneur, their expected or experienced problems in running a business, the importance of skills requirements associated with running a business, the knowledge and adequacy of skills requirements associated with running a business, and participants’ views on how skills could be upgraded or retained. The study concludes with an analysis on how the problems, skill gaps and knowledge adequacy among those surveys are interrelated. The report ends with national survey specific issues that might help understand the limitations of the study.

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

1. Survey participants personal characteristics Key findings: ● Most (80.6%) of the respondents were from ages 18-25. ● Nearly half of the respondents have not had any training in entrepreneurship before. ● Those who received some form of training had mostly lecture or presentation, skill gaining and vocational training. ● The group will benefit from a training course that is expressly designed for the youth, and is experiential in approach like CEFE is.

Male Female

Chart 1. Gender of Tr Respondents

62 youngsters from several cities have participated in this survey study. 33 men and 29 women participants answered questions. 50 of the participants were from the 1925 years old range, 1 from the 15-18, 7 from the 26-30 and 4 from the 31-35 years old. 52 of the participants completed their graduate degree or are still studying at graduate level and 8 of them graduated from master degree. 32 of the participants participated in entrepreneurship training courses while 30 of them did not. We can sum up their training course content with the number as; 14 of them participated in Skill Gaining, 19 of them participated in Course or Presentation, 14 of them participated in Vocational Training and 5 of them participated in different kinds of training.

4 of the participants have their own business, 25 of them want to be in-house entrepreneurs and 33 of them want to have their own business in 1-3 years. These 4 participants, who have their business, are focused on trade in their business and their capacity includes 1-9 employees. 8 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

2. The Professional & Business characteristics Key findings: ● If the same group of respondents were asked to participate in a future CEFE course, the course would be very relevant to them. ● Most (nearly all respondents in total) both intend to start their own enterprise, or aspire to be an intrapreneur.

● Most were also confident in their strengths, particularly in having needed competencies to manage a business, a good idea for a business and the great timing. 7 of the participants are/will be 2. or 3rd generation of the existing business, 29 of them will take over their business from their family while 26 are/will be the founder of a company.

Business Aspirations

When we asked about their decisive strength/s for starting a business, “competencies suitable for business management” was the dominant strength from all over. On the other hand we see that good idea, financial situation, correct timing and business models also cover more than ⅓ of the answers.

25 of the participants are more into investing in a social business model and 20 of them focus on network marketing. Other sectors are distributed evenly around 10-15 participants.

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

3. Motives for becoming entrepreneur Key findings: ● Most saw enterprise as an opportunity to put innovative ideas into practice. ● Only a few saw enterprise as something to go into when no other alternative existed or family was waiting. ● All responses were indicative of potential interest in an entrepreneurship course that might be offered to them. Their motivation to have/lead a business is mostly to “Put innovative ideas into practice” and very little percent of the motivation are “family was waiting”(2) or “had no other option”(1). 15 participants are motivated to be bosses of their own business, it was a nice opportunity to have for 10 of them and 7 of them was motivated to be rich.

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

4. Running a business – Expected or Experienced Problems Key findings: ● The families to which the young would-be entrepreneurs belong approve of their going to business, so objections from the family, which is an important factor to consider in Turkish culture, will not be a problem. ● The problems which weighed heavily in most respondents were those related to business management competencies.

● The problems cited were those that could be addressed in a competency training program, designed precisely to equip the youth to address those competencies they find important.

Looking at the "Expected and Experienced Problems", it is determined that the survey participants consider each listed problem at least 80% important / very important. Less important problems can be listed as follows; "The entrepreneurship process is very difficult in terms of family / friend relations", "establishing and operating a business is very difficult for bureaucracy", "family and business issues are complex and intertwined", "my family does not consider me as an entrepreneur". When we look at the items that are seen as less of a problem, we observe that the participants are more comfortable in terms of family and friend relations, but when we look at the rates of other problems mentioned in the list, it is clear that it is necessary to work on them.

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

5. Importance of skills requirements associated with running a business Key findings: ● On the above competencies, response patterns showed that the respondents viewed all listed competencies from high to extremely high in importance ● In all the listed competencies, only about 8% saw the skills as “not”or “low in importance. To gather insight on this category, participants were asked to rate the importance of the following skills for running an enterprise. ● Entrepreneurial competencies ● Ideation competencies ● Marketing competencies: ensuring getting paid by clients ● Organization and production competencies ● Financial competencies ● Business planning A- Entrepreneur Competencies

It can be said that the participants show the necessary importance and have awareness in the scoring made for "Entrepreneur Competencies". On the other hand, it is observed that they pay less attention to risk management. It may be considered to work on the target group related to risk management, which is of great importance in entrepreneurship processes.

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

B- Idea Competencies

"Intellectual Competencies" were held above the medium level by all of the participants, and each competence was seen above the medium level by 90% of them. More importance can be given to the item "Knowing how to handle the intellectual with personal competencies" when working with the participants.

C- Marketing Capabilities - Getting paid by customers

Each item in the competence "Marketing Capabilities - Getting paid by customers" was seen as visibly important to the participants. The item "understanding how to plan elements such as product, price, place, promotion and person in a marketing mix strategy" can be emphasized in the studies to be carried out with the target audience, which is seen less important than others.

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

D- Organization and Production Competencies

Considering the Organization and Production Capabilities, the item "To be able to plan and define the production process flow" was seen less important than the others. However, it was observed that all items were seen as important above the medium level with a ratio of over 85%. E- Financial Competencies

All items under the heading "Financial Competencies" were given an importance value of over 80% by the participants. However, considering the previous competencies, it was observed that this ratio was lower in financial sufficiency. Financial competencies are indispensable for the entrepreneur. For this reason, it is hoped that a healthy business management process will be realized by showing the necessary importance to financial competencies. "Understanding and reading the balance sheet" and "Understanding and using the cash flow statement for management purposes" were considered less important than others by the participants.

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

F- Business Planning

"Business Planning" is important in the implementation process as well as in the planning process. For this reason, we need to inform and persuade our colleagues and our financial resources, if any, and then our customers through various presentations. This item was considered less important by the participants, and it may be important to emphasize this in future studies.

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

6. Knowledge and adequacy of skills requirements associated with running a business Key findings: ● The data indicate that the young people who took the survey were somewhat confident in themselves as they rated themselves “moderate” in sufficiency on most skills listed. However, the frequency distribution of scores indicated that they viewed their skills as inadequate for enterprise.

● In entrepreneurial competencies, they felt moderately to highly sufficient in their skills. ● The competencies where respondents’ skills were mostly low to moderated were on ideation, marketing, financial competencies, and business planning. These are their greatest training needs. After rating the importance of skills for running an enterprise, respondents rated their own adequacy or sufficiency on those same skills if they were to run their own enterprise.In the Self Assessment Part, participants see themselves as 50% competent according to their answers. However, for each competency, half of the target group consider themselves to be intermediate or below. This can be a decisive statistic to consider for the future studies. It seems that it would be beneficial to focus more on substances with a ratio below 50%. We can list these items as follows; "To know how to make a decision", "to be able to produce, evaluate and select a business idea with potential in the market", "to be able to create and implement a marketing plan", "to develop sales skills" and the last but not the least "to understand and read the balance sheet".

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

7. Survey participants’ views on how skills could be upgraded and retained Key findings: ● Face-to-face modes of training is the preferred mode for training. ● The modes that the participants see as the best mode of learning are "Discussing / exchanging ideas with other entrepreneurs", "demonstrating good practices and seeing how others are doing things" and "benefiting from others' experiences". ● "Using tests to increase learning" and "looking for answers rather than trying to remember" were considered less preferable ways. 1 - What do you think is the best way to improve your skills?

Our target audience finds the modes of operation including "Distance Learning" less preferable than others. The modes that the participants see as the best mode of learning are "Discussing / exchanging ideas with other entrepreneurs", "demonstrating good practices and seeing how others are doing things" and "benefiting from others' experiences".

2- What do you think is the best way to protect your skills? 17 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

More than 50% of the participants cited the following items as the best ways to preserve their skills; "gaining practical experience", "understanding how best to learn", "teaching what you learn to another person", "learning in multiple ways (not just hearing or just reading)" and "teaching what you learn to another person". "Using tests to increase learning" and "looking for answers rather than trying to remember" were considered less preferable ways.

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

8. Comparative analysis of “Problems”, “Skill Gaps” and “Knowledge Adequacy” among surveyed 62 young people participated in the survey study. Their self-assessment, their interest in the topic, the importance they attach to subheadings, and the connection between them were carefully studied. We can understand that the young people participating in the survey are the right audience from their interest in being entrepreneurs or in-house entrepreneurs. Considering the self-assessment, knowledge and skill assessment of young people, it is possible to say that there is a need for training courses to be held. The data obtained will play a very important role in determining the content of these training courses. They think that the participating young people see themselves competent enough to manage business, have good ideas, and are in the right position in terms of financial and timing. We see that they want to use these competencies in social entrepreneurship and network marketing. In order to support their desire to use their innovative ideas in these areas, we also need to improve the parts that appear weak. Our participants do not see family and friend relationships as a potential problem and think they can be overcome. However, all other potential problems are of great importance to the participants. We may need to simulate those problems in the training activities to let them experience and solve together. Our participants who see themselves as sufficient to manage a business do not see risk management as very important. However, it is possible to say that a business and business model without risk analysis is not sustainable. For a sustainable experience, it is useful to go over competencies that address risk analysis and decision-making processes. "Understanding how to plan elements such as product, price, place, promotion and person in a marketing mix strategy", "to be able to plan and define the production process flow", "Understanding and reading the balance sheet" and "Understanding and using the cash flow statement for management purposes" and "business planning" competences are seen as less important to participants. Potential training courses must be designed considering those items to improve their potential. In the Self Assessment Part, participants see themselves as 50% competent according to their answers. However, for each competency, half of the target group consider themselves to be intermediate or below. This can be a decisive statistic to consider for the future studies. It seems that it would be beneficial to focus more on substances with a ratio below 50%. We can list these items as follows; "To know how 19 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

to make a decision", "to be able to produce, evaluate and select a business idea with potential in the market", "to be able to create and implement a marketing plan", "to develop sales skills" and the last but not the least "to understand and read the balance sheet". Our target audience finds the modes of operation including "Distance Learning" less preferable than others. The modes that the participants see as the best mode of learning are "Discussing / exchanging ideas with other entrepreneurs", "demonstrating good practices and seeing how others are doing things" and "benefiting from others' experiences". More than 50% of the participants cited the following items as the best ways to preserve their skills; "gaining practical experience", "understanding how best to learn", "teaching what you learn to another person", "learning in multiple ways (not just hearing or just reading)" and "teaching what you learn to another person". "Using tests to increase learning" and "looking for answers rather than trying to remember" were considered less preferable ways.

9. National Survey specific issues a. Covid-19 pandemic impact During data collection via an online survey, the country was still under general community quarantine to limit the spread of the Corona virus. Since all of the organizations that provided participants to the survey carried out their daily work through face-to-face workshops, fewer people were able to reach out during the pandemic process. Due to the decreased interaction, the targeted large number could not be reached at the beginning of the survey. If there was no pandemic situation, the number and impact could be increased with one-to-one visits to institutions and young people. b. Languages used Researchers provided the link to the English questionnaire, but they asked if respondents wished for a Turkish version. In one subsample, the Turkish version was further translated (but only verbally) into Turkish language. The implementing organization (DeM Turkey) could not examine one-to-one equivalency of the items used in translation due to time and mobility constraints of researchers during the time allowed by the surveyed schools for the implementation.

Annex A: Survey Results 20 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

Section I: Personal characteristics I.1 Gender

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Male

53.2%

Female

46.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

15-18

1.6%

19-25

80.6%

82.2%

26-30

11.3%

93.5%

31-35

6.5%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

I.2 Age

Valid

I.3 Education

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

High School

3.2%

University

83.9%

87.1%

Post-Graduate

12.9%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

I.4 Business Succession Status 21 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

I.4.1 Have taken ownership of the family business in the last 3-5 years

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

16.7%

83.3%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

I.4.2 Intend to succeed previous owner in the next 3-5 years

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

41.7%

58.3%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

I.4.3 Intend to show entrepreneurial behavior in employment

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

41.7%

58.3%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

Section II: The Professional & Business’ characteristics II.1 Decisive Strength for Starting an Enterprise

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Good Idea

71.7%

Competencies for Business Management

20.0%

Finances

28.3%

Good Business Model

16.7%

Right timing

13.3%

Good Product

31.7%

Business Supporters

15.0%

Total

118

II.2 Preferred Type of Economy

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Traditional Entrepreneurship

13.3%

Social Entrepreneurship

31.7%

45.0%

Circular Economy

13.3%

58.3%

Green Economy

11.7%

70.0%

Block Chain

5.0%

75.0%

Network Marketing

20.0%

95.0%

Innovations

5.0%

100.0%

Total

100%

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

Section III: Motives for becoming entrepreneur/intrapreneur

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Accumulating Capital

11.3%

Good Career Opportunity

16.1%

27.4%

Practice innovative ideas

43.6%

71.0%

Family Expectations

3.2%

74.2%

No alternative

1.6%

75.8%

Become Own Boss

24.2%

100.0%

Total

100%

Section IV: Running a business – Expected or Experienced Problems IV.1.1 I lack the skills and knowledge to manage the business

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

9.7%

Moderate Importance

25.8%

35.5%

High Importance

64.5%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

IV.1.2 I am not yet ready and well prepared to run the business

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

12.9%

Moderate Importance

46.8%

59.7%

High Importance

40.3%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

IV.1.3 It is difficult to manage the changes that business process is requiring

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

9.7%

Moderate Importance

51.6%

61.3%

High Importance

38.7%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

IV.1.4 I do not have the technical knowledge about starting or running some business

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

12.9%

Moderate Importance

48.4%

61.3%

High Importance

38.7%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

IV.1.5 I am not able to take over all the functions that the entrepreneur need to

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

12.9%

Moderate Importance

58.1%

71.0%

High Importance

29.0%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

IV.1.6 The process of establishing, running and expansion of business is not clear to me

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

12.9%

Moderate Importance

53.2%

66.1%

High Importance

33.9%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

IV.1.7 The process of entrepreneurship is very demanding in terms of family/friends relations

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

43.6%

Moderate Importance

41.9%

85.5%

High Importance

14.5%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

IV.1.8 Starting and running a business is very demanding in terms of bureaucracy

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

32.3%

Moderate Importance

40.3%

72.6%

High Importance

27.4%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

11.3%

Moderate Importance

40.3%

51.6%

High Importance

48.4%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

IV.1.9 I'm lacking a clear business strategy

Valid

IV.1.10 It is hard to recruit and grow the human resources well

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

8.0%

Moderate Importance

58.1%

66.1%

High Importance

33.9%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

100.0% 26

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

IV.1.11 Managing possible conflicts resulting from the business process

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

21.0%

Moderate Importance

45.1%

66.1%

High Importance

33.9%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

IV.1.12 The business lacks the organisation and division of tasks

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

12.9%

Moderate Importance

46.8%

59.7%

High Importance

40.3%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

IV.1.13 Family and business matters are complex and intertwined

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

29.0%

Moderate Importance

53.2%

82.2%

High Importance

17.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

IV.1.14 Family does not accept me as entrepreneur

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

43.5%

Moderate Importance

37.1%

80.6%

High Importance

19.4%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

100.0% 27

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Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

IV.1.15 Managing costs and calculating the prices is challenge for me

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

14.5%

Moderate Importance

38.7%

53.2%

High Importance

46.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

IV.1.16 Financial aspects of managing a business is not my thing

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

14.5%

Moderate Importance

43.6%

58.1%

High Importance

41.9%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

IV.1.17 I'm not well prepared for the digital transformation of doing (smart) business

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

19.4%

Moderate Importance

41.9%

61.3%

High Importance

38.7%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

IV.1.18 Selling process is exhausting me the most

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

16.1%

Moderate Importance

48.4%

64.5%

High Importance

35.5%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

28 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

IV.1.19 I'm facing business related issues that I cannot manage and discuss with others

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

19.4%

Moderate Importance

40.3%

59.7%

High Importance

40.3%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Importance

32.3%

Moderate Importance

50.0%

82.3%

High Importance

17.7%

100.0%

Total

45.0%

100.0%

IV.1.20 Others

Valid

Section V: Skills requirements associated with running a business – Importance and Adequacy V.1.1 Identification of Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

3.2%

Moderate Importance

6.5%

9.7%

High Importance

25.8%

35.5%

Very High Importance

64.5%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

29 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.1.2 To know how to manage and calculate the risk

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

6.5%

High Importance

40.3%

46.8%

Very High Importance

53.2%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

8.1%

High Importance

25.8%

33.9%

Very High Importance

66.1%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.3 To be able to accept responsibility

Valid

V.1.4 To be able to negotiate and communicate in professional manner

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

3.2%

High Importance

33.9%

37.1%

Very High Importance

62.9%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

30 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.1.5 To know how to make decisions

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

1.6%

Moderate Importance

1.6%

3.2%

High Importance

33.9%

37.1%

Very High Importance

62.9%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.6 Generation, assessment and selection of business idea

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

3.2%

High Importance

41.9%

45.1%

Very High Importance

54.9%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

4.8%

High Importance

42.0%

46.8%

Very High Importance

53.2%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.7 To be able to make SMART goals

Valid

31 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.1.8 To know how to match idea with personal competencies

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

12.9%

High Importance

33.9%

46.8%

Very High Importance

53.2%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.9 How to make effective market survey and needs analysis

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

4.8%

High Importance

42.0%

46.8%

Very High Importance

53.2%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.10 To be able to define the market needs and potential

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

4.8%

High Importance

37.1%

41.9%

Very High Importance

58.1%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

32 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.1.11 To understand how to implement 5Ps in a marketing mix strategy

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

14.5%

High Importance

37.1%

51.6%

Very High Importance

48.4%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.12 To understand and implement the importance of digital marketing

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

8.1%

High Importance

29.0%

37.1%

Very High Importance

62.9%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.13 To be able to create and to be able to execute a marketing plan

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

6.5%

High Importance

37.1%

43.6%

Very High Importance

56.4%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

33 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.1.14 To enhance selling skills

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

8.1%

High Importance

40.3%

48.4%

Very High Importance

51.6%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.15 To be able to plan and describe the production process flow

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

14.5%

High Importance

33.9%

48.4%

Very High Importance

51.6%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

9.7%

High Importance

35.5%

45.2%

Very High Importance

54.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.16 Effective time management

Valid

34 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.1.17 To organize the work flow

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

0.0%

High Importance

37.1%

Very High Importance

62.9%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.18 Type of Costs, calculation and prediction of costs

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

4.8%

High Importance

37.1%

41.9%

Very High Importance

58.1%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.19 To be able to understand and implement pricing techniques and strategies

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

1.6%

Moderate Importance

6.5%

8.1%

High Importance

41.9%

50.0%

Very High Importance

50.0%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

35 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.1.20 To understand and read profit and loss statements

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

3.2%

Moderate Importance

8.1%

11.3%

High Importance

35.5%

46.8%

Very High Importance

53.2%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.21 To understand and use for management purpose the cash flow statement

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

3.2%

Moderate Importance

12.9%

16.1%

High Importance

37.1%

53.2%

Very High Importance

46.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

3.2%

Moderate Importance

8.1%

11.3%

High Importance

46.8%

58.1%

Very High Importance

41.9%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.22 To understand and read balance sheet

Valid

36 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.1.23 To know and understand the profitability ratios

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

1.6%

Moderate Importance

6.5%

8.1%

High Importance

38.7%

46.8%

Very High Importance

53.2%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.24 To be able to undertake effective financial calculations for business purposes

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

3.2%

Moderate Importance

8.1%

11.3%

High Importance

32.2%

43.5%

Very High Importance

56.5%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.1.25 To be able to understand and prepare a business plan

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

0.0%

Low Importance

0.0%

Moderate Importance

6.4%

High Importance

19.4%

25.8%

Very High Importance

74.2%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

37 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.1.26 To undertake business plan presentation in front of donors, clients, employees

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Not Important

1.6%

Low Importance

1.6%

3.2%

Moderate Importance

14.5%

17.7%

High Importance

35.5%

53.2%

Very High Importance

46.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.1 Identification of Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

1.6%

Moderate Competence

43.6%

45.2%

High Competence

54.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.2 To know how to manage and calculate the risk

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

3.2%

Moderate Competence

46.8%

50.0%

High Competence

50.0%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

38 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.2.3 To be able to accept responsibility

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

4.8%

Moderate Competence

27.5%

32.3%

High Competence

67.7%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.4 To be able to negotiate and communicate in professional manner

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

3.2%

Moderate Competence

29.1%

32.3%

High Competence

67.7%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

3.2%

Moderate Competence

53.2%

56.5%

High Competence

43.5%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.5 To know how to make decisions

Valid

V.2.6 Generation, assessment and selection of business idea

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

4.8%

Moderate Competence

48.4%

53.2%

High Competence

46.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

100.0% 39

GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.2.7 To be able to make SMART goals

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

1.6%

Moderate Competence

37.1%

38.7%

High Competence

61.3%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.8 To know how to match idea with personal competencies

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

3.2%

Moderate Competence

38.7%

41.9%

High Competence

58.1%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.9 How to make effective market survey and needs analysis

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

3.2%

Moderate Competence

42.0%

45.2%

High Competence

54.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.10 To be able to define the market needs and potential

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

0.0%

Moderate Competence

32.3%

High Competence

67.7%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

100.0% 40

GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.2.11 To understand how to implement 5Ps in a marketing mix strategy

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

4.8%

Moderate Competence

48.4%

53.2%

High Competence

46.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.12 To understand and implement the importance of digital marketing

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

1.6%

Moderate Competence

48.4%

50.0%

High Competence

50.0%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.13 To be able to create and to be able to execute a marketing plan

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

6.4%

Moderate Competence

46.8%

53.2%

High Competence

46.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

8.1%

Moderate Competence

43.5%

51.6%

High Competence

48.4%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.14 To enhance selling skills

Valid

41 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.2.15 To be able to plan and describe the production process flow

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

4.8%

Moderate Competence

45.2%

50.0%

High Competence

50.0%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

1.6%

Moderate Competence

35.5%

37.1%

High Competence

62.9%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

0.0%

Moderate Competence

38.7%

High Competence

61.3%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.16 Effective time management

Valid

V.2.17 To organize the work flow

Valid

V.2.18 Type of Costs, calculation and prediction of costs

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

4.8%

Moderate Competence

37.1%

41.9%

High Competence

58.1%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

100.0% 42

GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.2.19 To be able to understand and implement pricing techniques and strategies

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

4.8%

Moderate Competence

45.2%

50.0%

High Competence

50.0%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.20 To understand and read profit and loss statements

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

8.1%

Moderate Competence

37.1%

45.2%

High Competence

54.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.21 To understand and use for management purpose the cash flow statement

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

9.7%

Moderate Competence

37.1%

46.8%

High Competence

53.2%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

12.9%

Moderate Competence

40.3%

53.2%

High Competence

46.8%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.22 To understand and read balance sheet

Valid

43 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

V.2.23 To know and understand the profitability ratios

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

9.7%

Moderate Competence

30.6%

40.3%

High Competence

59.7%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.24 To be able to undertake effective financial calculations for business purposes

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

6.4%

Moderate Competence

37.1%

43.5%

High Competence

56.5%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.25 To be able to understand and prepare a business plan

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

1.6%

Moderate Competence

38.7%

40.3%

High Competence

59.7%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

V.2.26 To undertake business plan presentation in front of donors, clients, employees

Valid

Freq.

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Low Competence

4.8%

Moderate Competence

35.5%

40.3%

High Competence

59.7%

100.0%

Total

100.0%

100.0% 44

GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

Section VI: Upgrading your skills for becoming entrepreneur/intrapreneur – Preferred types of training delivery modes VI.1 Study by myself

Valid

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 11 32

Percent 17.74% 51.61%

Best

30.64%

Total 62 100.0% VI.2 Participate in organized face-to-face training sessions

Valid

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 6 40

Percent 9.67% 64.51%

Best

25.8%

Total

100.0%

VI.3 Distant Learning (online learning sessions)

Valid

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 17 39

Percent 27.41% 62.90%

Best

9.67%

Total

100.0%

VI.4 Combination of workshops and distant Learning

Valid

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 10 32

Percent 16.12% 51.61%

Best

32.24%

Total

100.0%

45 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

VI.5 Benefit from the experience of others

Valid

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 6 34

Percent 9.67% 54.83%

Best

35.48%

Total

100.0%

VI.6 Being shown Good Practices and see how others are doing things

Valid

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 5 30

Percent 8.06% 48.38%

Best

43.54%

Total

100.0%

VI.7 Discuss / exchange views with other entrepreneurs

Valid

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 11 21

Percent 17.74% 33.87%

Best

48.38%

Total

100.0%

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 11 36

Percent 17.74% 58.06%

Best

24.19%

Total

100.0%

VI.8 Others

Valid

46 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

Section VII: Let's cooperate – Best way of retaining skills VII.1 Learn in multiple ways (not only hearing or only reading)

Valid

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 6 23

Percent 9.67% 37.09%

Best

53.22%

Total

100.0%

VII.2 Teach another person what you've learned

Valid

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 10 20

Percent 16.66% 33.32%

Best

51.61%

Total

100.0%

VII.3 Ask new questions that will lead to new learning

Valid

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 3 30

Percent 4.83% 48.38%

Best

46.77%

Total

100.0%

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 4 22

Percent 6.45% 35.48%

Best

58.06%

Total

100.0%

VII.4 Gain practical experience

Valid

47 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Report: Skill Gaps and Training Needs in Businesses Creation – Experiential Training Center (DeM Turkey)

VII.5 Look up answers than struggle to remember

Valid

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 11 31

Percent 17.74% 50%

Best

32.35%

Total

100.0%

VII.6 Understand how you learn the best

Valid

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 4 25

Percent 6.45% 40.32%

Best

53.22%

Total

100.0%

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 9 31

Percent 14.51% 50%

Best

35.49%

Total

100.0%

Not Preferred Moderately Preferred

Freq. 7 41

Percent 11.7% 66.12%

Best

22.58%

Total

100%

VII.7 Use tests to boost learning

Valid

VII.8 Other

Valid

48 GET YES 2 – February/March 2021

Annex B: Survey Questionnaire

www.getyesproject.com This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.