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GENESIS
THE PENTATEUCH Introduction to the Pentateuch The name ‘Pentateuch’ means ‘fivefold’ in Greek, because the five Books which compose it were written on five different scrolls of roughly equal length. It is the basic Torah, ‘Law’ or more exactly ‘Instruction’ of Israel, the foundation of all Israel’s life. It contains the stories which express the relationship of the world to God, the singling out of a family and then a tribe as God’s Chosen People, and the instructions of how they must live to be God’s very own.
A living Tradition These written works evolved and developed over many centuries, in the way that the traditions of any people do, a tradition living and vibrant, learning from and adapting to varying circumstances and needs. Already in the eighteenth century a sharp-eyed medical doctor noticed that different sources contribute to the story, each with its own definable characteristics (sketched in the Introduction to the Book of Genesis). The nomenclature and emphases are different. There are occasional clashes of detail, typical of oral tradition, which make the overall agreement stand out as all the more remarkable.
The foundations of the Bible For Jews the Pentateuch is the basic part of the Bible, for Samaritans the only part, for Christians the foundation of all that is to follow. The first eleven chapters of Genesis set the scene for all biblical history with a series of deeply theological stories. These stories lay out the fundamental dependence on a loving Creator of all things, the interrelationship of man and woman, human dignity and fallibility. The inbuilt human attraction to evil is balanced by the divine willingness to forgive and to heal. Once this basic situation is established we begin to follow the history of the Chosen People, from God’s choice of Abraham in Genesis to the establishment of a people and its wanderings and murmurings in the desert before the settlement in the land of promise (Exodus). Then the way of life of those who would be God’s own people is set out in detail, partly in the form of legislation, partly in the form of stories (Leviticus and Numbers). Finally the Book of Deuteronomy emphasizes that the relationship between God and his people is one of love, the filial love of the people responding to the parental love of a faithful and forgiving God.
3 E:\PROJECTS\JB CTS\FINAL\01_GENJBCTS_FINAL.vp Wednesday, August 22, 2007 4:11:18 PM