SPOLIA Institution (Design Report) by Hung-Tsung, (Casper), Lin

Classification of the Salvage Elements from Castle Market

High

・Abandoned Chair

・Industrial Style Clock ・Lighting

・Hard Wood Handrail

・Memorial Decoration on the footbridge

・CCTV

・Used Timber

・Retractable Shop Gates

・Brick

・glass curtain wall

・Memorial Signs ・Window ・Glass Block

Small

Large

・1960 Marketʼs Skylight Roof

Scale

・Spirl Stair

・Tiles

・Used Electrical Wire ・Castle Market Logo fitting into the wall

・Concrete Slab

・Tower & Spirl Stair

・Glass Block Skylight Roof

Low Potentiality of Disassembling

Demolition with the Multi-Methods & Speed Down the Process

Design Report

SPOLIA Institution Hung-Tsung, (Casper,) Lin

Electric Screwdriver

Circular Saw

Hammer Drill

High Reach Arm

Implosion

Management Report

SPOLIA Institution Hung-Tsung, (Casper,) Lin

Studio: Future Past p. 4

Studio Framework

Personal Approach It

is starting with‌ p. 6

Waste Art Catalogue p. 7 Site: Castle Market (Sheffield Castle) p. 8 Methodology & Methods p. 10 Spolia p. 10 This Changes Everything p. 12 Research Part I Demolition

/ Deconstruction p. 14

Programme I Scenario

p. 16

Research Part II Classification

p. 18

Programme II Programme

II p. 20

Programme III Stakeholder Research Part III Design

p. 21

for Deconstruction p.23 The Gap (The Risk) p. 25 Next... p. 25 Reference p. 27

3

Design Report

Studio Framework

Studio: Future Past

Studio: Future Past focuses on between the past in the history and the need for the future. It simply means that what we could do in the present, which connects the past and future. Therefore, the design output from this studio should be including a piece from the site, a part for the coming generation and, of course, a section back to the current time. Another benefit of the Future Past studio is the studio is formed by MArch and MACR, Master of Art in Conservation and Regeneration. Basing on the professional course of MArch, it’s also about to cooperate with and learn from another specialists they have another approach to the architecture design.

The framework of the studio basically sets on four layers, which are Layer 1: Palimpsest, Layer 2: Death Mask, Layer 3: Recast and Layer 4: Rewrite, and includes group and individual work. Each layer takes 0

1

2

4M

3

6

12 M

In this thesis project, it’s starting with SPOLIA which is an ancient Roma word, which also comes from the MACR’s professional field. In the Roma period, they build a facility they need by salvaging from another pervious buildings. Of course, the main proposes of having this architecture phenomenon has its own social context: the political reason, the limited construction material resource, etc. By studying with some architecture history, it provides the old knowledge back to past. It could become a great reference in the back to discover and to move toward.

0

4

Nature

11th - later 13th Century Deposits

Post-Medieval / Demolition Deposits

© L a n d m a rk In fo rm a tio n G ro u p L td a

Palimpsest

n d C ro w n co p

Smelling Wandering in Sheffield Markets Area, Early 1900’s

yri g h t 2 0 1 4 .

F O R D

E U C T IO N

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S O N L .

Y

0

20 40

“A smoky frozen winter, with fresh brewed coffee on Heymarket st.; fishy in the New Wholesale Fish Market; light fragrant flowers mixing with boiled sweets in the Sheaf market; the strong flavor of hops from the Norfolk Brewery; the teast of the croue corn passing the Corn Exchange; the stink smell from Oqley; the tasty refreshments odor from the Castle Hill market; the bloody air surranding the slaughterhouses before crossing the Lady bridge.”

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Shopes Around the Markets

Oqley (Pet Shop) Mikado Cafe, Arthur Davy and Sons Ltd. Sheffield Cafe Co. Ltd., Norfolk Castle Dining Rooms Norfolk Brewery :24 ld 13 r effie 14 20 llehe Sh 1, e of v 2 ia k ity ph ers so niv U

No

2100

"Come o'er ere an feel me nice, juicy plums, missis."

"3 for a bob, come and get em while they last, only three for a bob."

“Pay a penny, and I quess your weight.”

Reference [1] “History of the Markets and Trade in Sheffield,” Sheffield City Council [2] “Sheffield’s Markets,” Trading Histories: 700 Years of Sheffield’s Castle Market [3] “Memories Of the Old Rag & Tag Market,” Sheffield Forum

tion

S c a

Old Casltegate Slaughterhouses (-1930) Green Market (1818-) Old Corn Exchange (1830) Haymarket Sheaf Open Air Market (-1872)

loca

g

m

2000

sA

yri

0

0

Fitzalan Market (1786-1930, 1856 Redesigned) Smithfield Livestock Market (1827-1940) Castlefoulds Wholesale Market (1847-1961) Sheaf Open Air Market (1880-) The New Wholesale Fish Market (1879-1961) Corn Exchange (1881-1964, 1974 Fire) Norfolk Market Hall (1851-1959) Castle Hill Market (1928-) Castle Market (1959-2013) Moor Market (2013-Now)

2

1950

G ro

Markets in the Past Sheffield

"Get your Dancing Mickeys, everyone a dancer."

5

Design Report

Personal Approach

It is starting with‌

If the Castle Market has to be demolished without a clear future plan, what could an architect do? Does the new construction have a possibility which is built with the deconstruction site waste? Is there an alternative demolish plan which is better than Sheffield City Council’s?

6

Waste Art Catalogue

The waste art museum was a rough and initial concept of this thesis project after having an idea about constructing a new building by reusing the demolish site waste. The main prepose of this approach is to reinforce the the concept of the reuse. Therefore, setting up a program, a waste art museum, which relates to recycle and reuse, is the thoughts at the early stage. However, through the time, the idea of a death museum has been transformed into another higher level: an institution of spolia, which focuses on the reuse of the architecture element.

step of the project. Moreover, the patten of thinking continually influences and shapes the thesis project later on.

It’s a curve route of this thesis project. However, it’s a useful method, making a catalogue, for putting put all the idea in the mind and for clarifying the issue which should be addressed on. It’s a tool for opening up the range of the possibility and narrowing down the mess thoughts in the mind. Although, at the end of this approach, it leaded out the appropriate direction for the next

WASTE

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X

ART

CATALOGUE

ARCHITECTURE INSTALLATION SCULPTURE FASHION PRODUCTION MANUFACTORY NEW WASTE (TECHNOLOGY WASTE) FURNITURE PHOTOGRAPHY FOOD WASTE OTHER Arch of Constantine, Roman, 315 9

19

Waste House, Brighton, 2014

Rewind, Willemsplein, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Waste Landscape # 4, 2014

25

39

55

67

103

115

Weee Man

Rag Chair, 1991

149

169

Eco-Culture, Newsparper Dress 87

97

Can City, 2013 119

121

7 José Collection, 2010 173

Film: Waste Land, 2010 195

205

239

Design Report

Site: Castle Market (Sheffield Castle)

The Castle Market was built on the ruin of Sheffield Castle which was built around 1270 with stones and demolished around 1644. According to trade record, while the demolition of Sheffield Castle, some of the decorative plasters were salvaged and relocated in other buildings around Sheffield. The most significant example is the plaster above the fireplace in Bishop’s House, Norton Lees, Sheffield.

Sheffield has the rich history. In addition, Sheffield is built on the past and laying up through the developing. Therefore, the current development on Castle Market would continue to build up on the past. Therefore, every movement would leave some behind and carry on.

In addition, the initial concept of SPOLIA Institution was starting with retaining a part of Castle Market: the 1930’s market, keeping the layered-up storied area, and removing some away: the 1960’s multi-stories office building, releasing the land for a visionary development.

The Castle Market is a complex building which built by the needs and through the time. The early construction of the Castle Market was starting with the 1930’s Fish & Meat market which is mainly formed by steel structure, glass and timber window on the roof; the later built build of Castle Market was the 1960’s multi-stories building constructed with the concrete frame and covered with glass curtain wall. Basing on the need of SPOLIA Institution, keeping the 1930’s Fish & Meat market and transforming it into a warehouse for storing the salvaged architecture elements and displaying those objects for exhibition and sale. Meanwhile, the demolition of 1960’s multi-stories building would be a typic example for representing the deconstruction of the modern architecture.

Through this thesis project, it would be a good chance to set up a standard demolition plan of deconstructing the modern architecture.

8

30 mins walk

10

20 mins walk

2

10 mins walk

1 9

4 8

6 5 7

3

Map of Sheffield (1:10,000) Site - Castle Market

6 Winter Garden

1 Yorkshire Artspace

7 Millennium Gallery

2 Victoria Quays

8 Sheffield City Hall

3 Sheffield Reailway Station

9 Sheffield Cathedral

4 Park Hill

10 Arts Tower, University of Sheffield

5 Sheffield Town Hall

9

Design Report

Methodology & Methods

Spolia is the methodology and the core of this thesis project. Three research bodies surrounding with Spolia are the process of demolish, the classification and design for deconstruction, which references back to the past, the demolish of the Castle Market, the present, the new programme of the storage go the salvaged architectural elements, and the future, the future architecture technical address. Moreover, using the scenario and the stakeholder as a tool for forming this thesis project. In addition, there are still several methods, such as a collective catalogue, the theory forum: this changes everything, visiting some present project, etc., which are all the supporting approaches in this thesis project.

VALUE

Spolia

“The modern concept of ‘spolia’ refers to the reused parts of architectural constructions that taken from a demolish building - a building, therefore, to remain with the hunter’s terminology, stripped of its hide.”

Three steps of spolia, from dis-assembly and re-identify to re-locating, are typical three steps for recycling the demolish site waste, reproducing the materials and reusing them for the future buildings. In this thesis project, spoila brings out the three research bodies: deconstruction, classification and design for deconstruction.

MEMORY

The value of the Spolia object would be criticised in the future, not now. However, how to keep or increase its value are a trick issue because the society context is always changed through the time.

The connection between the saved component and the citizens is touching the human emotion. The emotion is also a sector which would effect the judgement of its value.

POLITIC Strength of the message behind the visible salvaged object. In the ancient Roma, Spolia is one method to reveal the power. In addition, what it would be to the second meaning of reusing a recyclable item today?

POLITIC

REUSE VALUE

SPOLIA

RECYCLE

MEMORY

RELOCATING

RELOCATING The approach method of how to relocate the salvaged elements, including the technic, the transportion, etc.

10

REUSE The capability of the rescued elements would be revealed basing on the possibility of how to reuse them. If everything is designed by its life cycle, it would keep its value.

RECYCLE The process of recycle contains to in put the extra ingredients and energy to complete. Therefore, the embody energy is increasing, and also, the value is changed.

11

Design Report

Reduce

Reuse

Recycle

This Changes Everything (Sustainability / Environmental Issue)

In this thesis project, it focuses on: 1.) the embody energy of the abandoned buildings, 2.) the demolition site waste, 3.) the materials for the constructing buildings and 4.) the capability of the materials for the adaptive reuse.

The embody energy of the Castle Market, a typical modern architecture, is enormous because it was constructed with the concrete farm structure. The energy consumption of demolish it is also very wasteful.

Meanwhile, no matter shipping the demolish site waste to the landfill or recycling those waste both cost amount of fortune to maintain or reproduce and it does’t include the footprint of transporting the waste out and moving the construction in for the new building.

However, the debate between to reuse the present concrete structure or to build an eco-friendly new building is intense. Therefore, if thinking about 12

another approach, the concept of spolia, disassembling the building into the fragments of the architectural elements, not processing it back to the basic materials, such as aggregates, and reusing them in a whole piece for the constructing architecture would be the possible solution, a balance point, for regenerating and continually developing the out of fashion building to the fancy and functional architecture for fitting the current need. This approach is the same with the ancient term: spolia.

Reduce, reuse and recycle are the three mains aspects for well valuing the nature resources and also the most common approach for addressing the sustainability issue. The hierarchy of those three technic terms is reducing the needs of the materials and reusing the materials as many time as possible and, at the bottom, recycling the waste for reproducing to the new artificial materials.

About the recycling the waste, the process of recycling is consuming the energy and new natural resources for reforming the materials back to the useable

collecting from the wider neighborhood - raw / valuable materials - memorable architecture elements - decorative ornaments

- raw / valuable materials - memorable architecture elements

Spolia Institution

Salvage Yard

Archaeology Investigation

re-manufactured sold for reuse

landfill

Demolition Plan from Sheffield Council Proposed finished leve for Demolition by Council Sheffield Castle Ruin

New Propose basing on thesis project: Spolia Institution 1930’s Fish & Meat Market (Preservation) New Assemblable Spolia Institution Deconstructed Building Archaeology Investigation

situation. The embody energy of the recycled materials is increasing through the manufacturing work. Therefore, the advantage of spoila focuses on the first two steps: reduce and reuse. Recycling is the last strategy, which be considered, before transporting the waste to the landfill.

The ancient term: spolia, fits into the current debate with

the sustainability issue.

- Reduce the demolish site waste

- Reduce the footprint of transporting the waste out and shipping the construction materials in

- Decrease the impact of the neighbourhood area

- Recycle the waste and reuse it for the future construction

- Reduce the use of the natural resource

13

Design Report

Research Part I: Demolition / Deconstruction

Demolition is a necessary part of the regeneration process. Normally, architects usually don’t get involved in the period of the development and let the civil engineering engineers take in charge. However, few questions could be asked about. Why does the Sheffield City council have only one demolition plan and one demolition contract?

What would be changed if the demolition is becoming a part of architecture design? If demolition process could be opened up to the public participation, does this help to shape a better city development for the future? Those are the initial questions to criticise the current demolition plan from the Sheffield City council. The respond to those questions is positive, which definitely benefits the range of the issues.

Present 1930ʼs Fish & Meat Market

For getting involved the demolition process, it would simply need to understand the normal demolition methods and, especially, to have a clear picture of what demolition methods would be used and applied on deconstructing the Castle Market. It would also link with the architecture design. The architecture design would affect the demolition process and methods, and also the demolition process would influence the architecture design.

They are two-way interaction in between.

Furthermore, because of the idea of spolia, the whole regeneration process is changed. The original architecture elements of the Castle Market would be parts of the future architecture and be classified and stored inside the facility. Therefore, the demolition plan would be leaded by the architecture design and the demolition methods would be limited in order to keep the whole piece of architecture elements in the right condition for later use. The understand of the demolition process and the methods is becoming an important part of this thesis project and also is forming the project at the same time.

Jan. 2017 1930ʼs Fish & Meat Market Archaeology

19

Market Shop / Event Space Reconstruction

Ma

Footbridge / Spiral Ramp Market Shop / Event Space 1960ʼs Castle Market 1960ʼs Castlegate Tower Office

14

1960ʼs Castle Market Archaeology 1960ʼs Castlegate Tower Office Deconstruction

1960ʼs

Scenario for Demolitio

Jun. 2018

Mar. 2020

Jul. 2021

930ʼs Fish & Meat Market In Use (Temporary)

1930ʼs Fish & Meat Market Open to the Public

1930ʼs Fish & Meat Market Open to the Public

arket Shop / Event Space Reconstruction

Market Shop / Event Space In Use (Temporary)

Market Shop / Event Space Regeneration (Upgradation)

Footbridge / Spiral Ramp Open to the Public 1960ʼs Castle Market Reconstruction

s Castlegate Tower Office Archaeology

on and Reconstruction

1960ʼs Castle Market Reconstruction 1960ʼs Castlegate Tower Office Reconstruction

1960ʼs Castle Market Open to the Public 1960ʼs Castlegate Tower Office Reconstruction

15

Design Report

Programme I: Scenario

Because this thesis project is starting with criticising the official demolish plan from Sheffield City Council, could we have a better version of the Castle Market demolish plan? Therefore, playing and running a scenario is an essential method for finding out the path of what the architecture design process should be and also for reforming a better demolish plan. Meanwhile, through the scenario, it’s a chance to clarify how to reduce the impact of the demolish process to the neighbour community and the wider natural environment. More over than the professional discussion between the government, the civil engineering and the architecture design, it’s also a chance for having the public participation through the transforming period from sending the pervious Castle Market away to moving forward with the new born facility Present in the future.

1930ʼs Fish & Meat Market Footbridge / Spiral Ramp

Four Periods of regenerating / updating the Castle Market: Period I. Artist Lead and Public Participation (Research and Record) Period II. Architecture Research and Architecture Design () Period III. Architecture Design and Deconstruction (Re) Period IV.

Through this thesis project, it provides a wider image of the architecture and civil engineering industry and also find out the benefit of having a better development plan which involves the variety of the different professional specialists and industry workers, especially, the benefit of relocating the position of the architecture design. If arJan. 2017 chitects could get involve on the early stage of the whole 1930ʼs Fish & Meat Market Archaeology regeneration project, it’s not only could have a stepShop / Event also Space Reconstruction by-step demolishMarket plan and have a clear vision of 1960ʼs Castle Market Archaeology the future Sheffield.

1960ʼs Castlegate Tower Office Deconstruction

Market Shop / Event Space 1960ʼs Castle Market 1960ʼs Castlegate Tower Office

19

Ma

1960ʼs

Scenario for Demolitio

Refurbishment

Clean

Research / Record

Temporary Museum (On-site)

Reconstruction

Salvage

Archaeology

Temporary Workshop / On-site Office

Regeneration (Upgradation)

Disassemble

Architecture Design

In Use (Temporary)

Deconstruction

Constructional Detail Design

Open to the Public

2015 Jan.

2016 Apr.

1930ʼs Fish & Meat Market

Footbridge / Spiral Ramp

Market Shop / Event Space

1960ʼs Castle Market

1960ʼs Castlegate Tower Office

16

Jul.

Oct.

Jan.

2017 Apr.

Jul.

Oct.

Jan.

2018 Apr.

Jul.

Oct.

Jan.

Apr.

Jun. 2018

Mar. 2020

Jul. 2021

930ʼs Fish & Meat Market In Use (Temporary)

1930ʼs Fish & Meat Market Open to the Public

1930ʼs Fish & Meat Market Open to the Public

arket Shop / Event Space Reconstruction

Market Shop / Event Space In Use (Temporary)

Market Shop / Event Space Regeneration (Upgradation)

Footbridge / Spiral Ramp Open to the Public 1960ʼs Castle Market Reconstruction

1960ʼs Castle Market Open to the Public

1960ʼs Castle Market Reconstruction

1960ʼs Castlegate Tower Office Reconstruction

1960ʼs Castlegate Tower Office Reconstruction

s Castlegate Tower Office Archaeology

on and Reconstruction

1930’s Fish & Meat Market Footbridge / Spiral Ramp / Abandoned Building Market Shop / Event Space 1960’s Castle Market 1960’s Castlegate Tower Office

2019 Jul.

Oct.

Jan.

2020 Apr.

Jul.

Oct.

Jan.

2021 Apr.

Jul.

Oct.

Jan.

Apr.

Jul.

17

Design Report

Research Part II: Classification

SPOLIA Institution for research and enterprise.

Therefore, the classification system plays an important role in this thesis project. It refers to how to arrange the salvaged objects inside the facility. It also tackles to the architecture record system. While the modern architecture has been introducing, how to produce the building in a mass is the challenge after the World War II. Therefore, CI/SfB system was born for communicating efficiently from the design to the manufactory and then to construction. Of course, the CI/SfB system is out of the time because the need has been changing. However, the purpose of having a good classification system is always exist. The classification system is also a helpful tool for doing the research, architecture elements and manufactory research, and for cataloguing the products, SPOLIA factory.

the key features of Castle Market at the first; cataloguing them into a system basing on the scale and the possibility; researching and thinking the appropriate techies for salvaging, reusing and relocating. Through the classification system, to read Castle Market. This would be helpful for the design process.

Secondly, the classification system would benefit the research centre and the enterprise. For a researcher, SOPLIA Institution could offer the wider range of the data of architecture elements, which are collected from the regions around Sheffield. In addition, all the architecture elements would be measured and photographed to build up the database for research use. Meanwhile, the archive could be used for sale in SPOLIA factory. The citizens could walk in the salvage warehouse as a physical shopping or could access the online database browsing the goods to pick and build their new house.

Firstly, during the design period, the classification system is used to organise the salvaged elements. It’s a Salvages way to clear what elements would be preserved, how to from Castle Market reuse or recycle them, and what the possibility of those objects could be in the upcoming building. Identifying

tower spirl stair

glass curtain wall

window

curtain wall window

skylight window

skylight roof tower spirl stair

skylight window memorial sign

curtain wall window

valuable equipment

memorial decoration recycled metal

stair

handrail

timber

skylight roof glass block

usable lighting manufactury tile industrial style clock memorial sign handrail

abandoned furniture

recycled metal

reusable canvas

architectural element

18

significant / memorial element

salvaged object

electric item

recycled material

Classification of the Salvage Elements from Castle Market

High

・Abandoned Chair

・Industrial Style Clock ・Lighting

・Hard Wood Handrail

・Memorial Decoration on the footbridge

・CCTV

・Used Timber

・Retractable Shop Gates

・Brick

・glass curtain wall

・Memorial Signs ・Window ・Glass Block

Small

Large

・1960 Marketʼs Skylight Roof

Scale

・Spirl Stair

・Tiles

・Used Electrical Wire ・Castle Market Logo fitting into the wall

・Concrete Slab

・Tower & Spirl Stair

・Glass Block Skylight Roof

Low Potentiality of Disassembling

Demolition with the Multi-Methods & Speed Down the Process

Electric Screwdriver

Circular Saw

Hammer Drill

High Reach Arm

Implosion

19

Design Report

Programme II

Mapping down the workflow of each sector and the relation between is the method be used to find what the main programs, spaces, would be. However, the mapping illustrates the main functions only. The supporting facility doesn’t show on the draw due to the method, mapping, be taken. Therefore, for having the all programs, it needs to having more research on the users,

Database

Measure & Record

Library

Photography

Lading Bay Area

Repair Station (Manufactory)

Archive

RESEARCH

how people are working in or walking around the SPOLIA Institution.

Storage

Warehoues

Backstage

Spolia Factory

Laboratory

(Training Centre)

SPOLIA Institution (Reception)

Workshop

(Skills Exchange)

Archaeology

Flexible Space

Out Door Space (Public Space)

Program

20

Exhibition Room

Events

Programme III: Stakeholder there is a research centre inside the SPOLIA Institution, not profitable, it carries out the necessity of having an event program for promoting and funding.

Mapping out the relationship between stakeholders is not only to link the users and the programs together but also to study with the funding sector. Not all the three deportments are profitable. Therefore, approaching to have a complete programs of SPOLIA Institution, studying with the stakeholder and funding together would have a clear image for function the institution in the future. Because

RIBA Enterprises

Sheffield City Council

SPOLIA Institution

SP O

Department of Archaeology

RESEA R C H

Sheffield Hallam University

LIA F a ct ory

c li e n t s

The Department of Architecture and Planning

Skill Workers

Sheffield Vintage Fair

University of Sheffield EVENT

School of Architecture

Sheffield Antique Quarter The Twentieth Century Society Event Planner

Friends of Sheffield Castle Yorkshire Artspace

Museums Sheffield

Friends of Bishops'Â House

Green Estate (Sheffield Manor Lodge)

Artist

21

Design Report

Pruitt–Igoe, Demolition in 1972.

Tinsley Viaduct, Demolition in 2008.

[ Could we have a better method for senting the modern architecture away in the 21st century? ]

22

Research Part III: Design for Deconstruction

In order to enhance the initial concept: spolia, reusing the demolition site waste for constructing the new architecture, the new coming building should be assembled into a function architecture and also have the potential for disassembling in the future for becoming a part of the further architecture. Making the components of the building is disassembled and reusable for another building.

deconstruction site waste but also designed for disassembling. If architects could design on the demolition process as designing how to build, the efficiency of every single piece of the materials would be increased and this could be helpful for reducing the relying on the natural resource, save the energy consumption and time.

About the deconstruction and disassembly, the key of it is what kinds of the join they are. The problem of the demolition of the concrete farm structure is there are no join because it is casted on the site, not be assembled.

Therefore, there are no join for taking it down to the pieces. The only way is using the violence methods to break it into handleable size of the objects for further process. If we compare the concrete, timber and rock together, concrete can’t be disassembled because it is a material for casting and both of timber and rock are assemblable because they are constructed together on the site. It’s not just about criticising the modern architecture or a specific kind of material. It would also point out better strategy for the future architecture and the construction method.

Furthermore, the third research of this thesis project is working on an architecture which is design for deconstruction. SPOLIA is not only work on reusing the

23

Design Report

Electric Screwdriver

Circular Saw

Hammer Drill

[ Which is the appropriate method for disassembling, deconstructuring and demolishing? ]

High Reach Arm

Implosion

24

The Gap (The Risk)

Next...

SPOLIA Institution is designed and constructed while the art project on display and the demolition in progress. The whole deconstruction site would become very tense because several actives are happening on the site at same time. Therefore, this would not only raise the health and safety issue but also bring out the challenge of the management. This is mainly reason for using the management contract.

This design report is a step stone on the journey of developing the thesis project. The main framework has been recorded in the report. However, there are many issues could be addressed on, such as the research part III: design for deconstruction. This sector would be carried on and represented on the architecture design.

Design for deconstruction is also the main strategy for the building technology approach. SPOLIA Institution is not just a building which be constructed with some salvaged architecture element but also a building which the construction materials of it could be disassembled in the future and be reused for another construction.

Because of allowing the archaeology investigation and holding the public consultations, the uncontrollable factors would increase. This is not a negative decision at all. However, the whole regeneration project should need to have more flexibility than traditional development projects. Therefore, the advance schedule would be hardly following on. Having a well controllable timetable and keeping the flexibility at the same time would need to a smart balance in order to preventing the raising of the cost.

This thesis project takes a different approach path to address the sustainable issue. It seemingly focuses on an old fashion topic: reduce, reuse and recycle, however, the concept of spolia input the second meaning on reduce, reuse and recycle.

SPOLIA Institution would become an architecture enterprise in the future which offers the public engaged courses for enhancing the citizens’ life quality, the re-manufactured process for the architecture material industry and the collective archive of the architecture elements for further architecture research.

SPOLIA Institution

25

Design Report

26

Reference [ Methodology & Method ] Philip D. Plowright, 2014, Revealing Architectural Design: Methods, Frameworks and Tool, Routledge: Abington Adrian Dobson, 2014, 21 Things You Won’t Learn in Architecture School, RIBA: Newcastle Miriam Delaney & Anne Gorman, 2011, Studio, Craft & Technique: The Architecture Student’s Handbook, University College Dublin: Dublin

[ Spolia & Salvage ] Sheffield Antiques Quarter, http://sheffieldantiquesquarter.co.uk

[ Heritage & Art ] Southwork Notes - whose regeneration?, Sept. 2014, “The Fine Art of Regeneration in Southwork,” Southwork Notes, https://southwarknotes.wordpress.com/art-and-regeneration Arts Council Collection, “Reger Hiorns, Seizure, 2008/2013,” Arts Council Collection, www.artscouncilcollection.org.uk/longside/roger-hiorns-seizure-20082013

[ Disassemble, Deconstruction & Demolition]

[ Classification ]

[ Design for Deconstruction ] William McDonough, 2002, Cradle to cradle : remaking the way we make things, North Point Press: New York Chris Morgan & Fionn Stevenson, 2005, Design for Deconstruction, www.seda.uk.net/assets/files/guides/dfd.pdf