Broad Museum by Cal Poly Citizen Architects

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D ille r S co f idio + R e n fro

Building Analysis by Mehul Sathya Narayan & Estefani Aguilar

TABLE OF CONTENTS

STORY 1 + SITE ANALYSIS

01 | 02

SPACE + PERFORMANCE

03 | 04

STRUCTURE

05 | 06

MECHANICAL ANATOMY + CIRCULATION

07 | 08

AXONOMETRIC + REFLECTION

09 | 10

BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE BROAD | BUILDING ANALYSIS

11 | 12

Los Angeles, California, USA Diller Scofidio + Renfro Analysis by Mehul Sathya Narayan & Estefani Aguilar ARCH 341 | Jeff Ponitz

02 C O N T E X T U A L A N A LY S I S

ARCHITECT PROFILE

URBAN CONTEXT MAP

Diller Scofidio and Renfro (DR+R) is an interdisciplinary design studio based in New York City that integrates architecture, visual arts, and the performing arts, with a focus on cultural and civic projects. The firm is constantly trying to address the changing roles of institutions in developing cities. The studio comprises of over 100 architects, designers, artists, and researchers, led by four partners- Elizabeth Diller, Ricardo Scofidio, Charles Renfro, and Benjamin Gilmartin. The design studio is known for its immersive designs and the aspect of transparency between the interior and the exterior.

GRANT PARK DOROTHY PAVILION

MCMURTRY ART & HISTORY BUILDING, 2015

Hoover Dam California Aqueduct

W AT E R R E S O U R C E S M A P This map shows the major water sources that feed into the city of Los Angeles, including the 250 miles long LA aqueduct that transports about 430 million gallons a day and has been controversial. THE SHED, 2019 1.3

Architect Executive Architect

Gensler

Structural Engineer

Leslie E. Robertson Associates (LERA),

Landscape Architect Mechanical Engineer/MEP General Contractor Civil Engineer Lighting Design Collection Storage Plaza & Street-scape (Architect) Plaza & Street-scape (Structural)

Nabih Youssef & Associates HOOD Design ARUP MATT Construction KPFF Consulting Engineers Tillotson Design Associates Solomon Bauer Adamson Associates Saiful/Bouquet Structural Engineers

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INTERIOR ESCALATOR 1.7

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CENTER FOR THE CREATIVE ARTS, 2011

S T O R Y & S I T E A N A LY S I S

Los Angeles

Local Groundwater

Colorado River

Colorado River Aqueduct

1.4

S I T E - S P E C I F I C A N A LY S I S

P R OJ EC T B AC KG R O U N D

Broad Museum Diller Scofidio + Renfro

Los Angeles Aqueduct

DISSONA WORK LIVE COMPLEX, 2010 1.2

Charles Renfro joined DS+R in 1997 and became a partner in 2004. He has been actively involved in institutional and academic projects and is a faculty member of the School of Visual Arts.

Project Name

Lake Oroville

DISNEY CONCERT HALL

1.1

Elizabeth Diller and Ricardo Scofidio have featured in the TIME’s “100 Most Influential People” list and received the first ever MacArthur Foundation fellowship award in the field of architecture.

PROJECT TEAM

A context map in 1:500 scale showing some of the popular public attraction spots in close proximity to the broad museum. The arrows show the high traffic roadways throughout the day.

The Broad Museum located in South Grand Avenue, Los Angeles, California is named after the philanthropists Eli and Edythe Broad. In 2008, Eli and Edythe Broad along with the Broad Art Foundation were looking for sites for a museum to house the Broad art collection. In 2010, Eli Broad finally announced the proposal for a museum in downtown Los Angeles. Eli and Edythe Broad were the main financial supporters for the 140 million dollar museum that house the Broad art collections. The Broad museum by Diller Scofidio + Renfro was opened to the public in September, 2015. The Broad houses nearly a 2000 piece collection of contemporary art, featuring 200 artists, including works by Cindy Sherman, Jeff Coons, Ed Ruscha, Roy Lichtenstein, and Andy Warhol. It not only serves as museum but also as the Broad Art Foundation’s lending library of contemporary works. The 120,000 square-foot museum features two floors of gallery space and has welcomed more than 1.7 million visitors since its opening. The museum’s design tries to merge two main programs: the public exhibition space and the storage that supports the Broad Art Foundation’s extensive lending activities. The two design aspects of the museum, the “vault” and the “veil” are what help in achieving this successfully. The heavy opaque mass of the vault is what helps in creating a unique experience from entry to exit and is visible constantly throughout the interiors. The veil wraps the vault with its porous honeycomb structure that helps in bringing in natural filtered daylight. The experience doesn’t stop when you leave the museum. The 24,000 square-feet plaza, decorated with 100-year old Barouni olive tress transplanted from orchard in the Shasta cascade region along with street-scape improvements and enhanced pedestrian access provides for a smoother circulation and seamless experience between the interior and the exterior.

3rd Floor Gallery 1.6

VEIL AND VAULT 1.5

SU N-PATH

RA DIAT ION A N A LYSIS

W I ND-R O S E

Los Angeles, California, USA Diller Scofidio + Renfro Analysis by Mehul Sathya Narayan & Estefani Aguilar ARCH 341 | Jeff Ponitz

3-D SKIN MODEL

Floor Plate Exploded Axonometric

The Broad museum having a lower EUI, has a low value for sDA mainly because of the location of the museum. The Broad museum is heavily surrounded by high-rise building in all directions which cuts off most of the daylight. Additionally, the veil having small scale apertures allows only certain amounts of daylight into the interiors which also contributes to a lower sDA. However, at the same time these factors allow it to achieve a low ASE value, being just 8% above the standard limit of 10%.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Lobby Gallery Space Archive Room Cold Room Mechanical Room Preparation Room Conference Room Office Gallery

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S PAC E & P E R FO R M A N C E

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First Floor

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Second Floor

Third Floor

Los Angeles, California, USA Diller Scofidio + Renfro Analysis by Mehul Sathya Narayan & Estefani Aguilar ARCH 341 | Jeff Ponitz

SKYLIGHT GLAZING

CUSTOM GFRG SKYLIGHT SHELL

Floor Plates

ENVELOPE MODEL

F LO

STEEL SUPPORT BEAM

Floor Plates & Columns

ROOF SYSTEM

R 2

OVERALL VIEW

An analogue model breaking down the various structural components of the Broad Museum. Through this analogue study, it can be seen that the Broad Museum incorporates a simple traditional column grid in the first two floors with stacked floor slabs. This concentration of columns is completely hidden by the heavy and solid vault. The third floor is column-less to give way to the main exhibition gallery of the museum.

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Columns

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STRUCTURE

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The broad museum structure includes traditional grid that is used to align the columns running throughout the different levels. The first two levels reveal a heavy concentration of columns while the third level is mostly column-less in order to give way to the open gallery space. The structural columns in the lower levels are mostly hidden by the massy nature of the vault which includes the circulation core. However, the more complex structural elements are a part of the roofing system. The roofing system consists of 190 foot steel girders weighing approximately 70 tons each. The roof cantilevers over the third floor gallery and is the major component that brings in daylight through the 318 skylight monitors with glazed openings.

Los Angeles, California, USA Diller Scofidio + Renfro Analysis by Mehul Sathya Narayan & Estefani Aguilar ARCH 341 | Jeff Ponitz

ELEVATOR CORE

CENTRAL CIRCULATION CORE

Circulation Cores (in Plan)

The Plant (in Plan)

ENTRY AT LOBBY

Air Flow

EGRESS 1

EGRESS 2

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Roof as Day Lighting System

The Plant (in Section)

Circulation Cores (in Section)

The Plant

FLOOR 1

Air Flow

The Broad museum incorporates two type of mechanical systems. The “Veil”, an airy, honeycomb like structure, that spans across the building and acts as a daylight filter as well as a shading device. The veil allows the mechanical systems to be a heavy opaque mass that is always in view. ARUP assisted with the Building Information modelling (BIM) of building services in the roof and lobby ceiling, which allows for seamless integration of sprinklers, sensors, shading devices, conduit, and electric lighting. In addition, the building uses daylight harvesting, occupancy based control of lighting, variable frequency drives on large HVAC motors, demand control ventilation, carbon monoxide control of garage fans, and the use of low energy ultrasonic humidifiers. The VFD-HVAC system helps in improving energy efficiency by controlling the speed of the motors based on the load requirements.

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M E C H A N I C A L A N ATO MY & C I R C U L AT I O N

Interior View 1.8

FLOOR 2 FLOOR 3

The Broad Museum follows a traditional circulation system with two egress cores aligned opposite each other towards the rear side of the building forming an egress circulation band. The main experiential circulation of the building is located in the center of the building inside the more dynamic vault that opens up at different levels to form landings. It consists of one long staircase that wraps and fold within the vault giving the people the feeling of travelling through a cave. Accompanying the staircase is a transparent cylindrical elevator shaft that runs all through the central core giving people of the interiors of the museum as they circulate upwards.

Los Angeles, California, USA Diller Scofidio + Renfro Analysis by Mehul Sathya Narayan & Estefani Aguilar ARCH 341 | Jeff Ponitz

Circulation core

The Plant (in Plan)

The Broad Museum by Diller Scofidio and Renfro incorporates a mixture of complex and simple systems to form a space that is immersive and allows the visitors to experience the museum in its best possible version. The Broad Museum consists of two-main components, the “veil” and the “vault”. The Veil is the exterior skin of the Broad museum that not only acts as a design element but is designed to act as a porous skin that helps in bringing in daylight through the openings on all four sides of the building and through the roof system. The “Vault” refers to the heavy mass in the interior, that opens up and allows a smooth transition from the ground level to the vast open gallery in the upper levels. The vault is where the main experiential circulation system of the museum resides consisting of long looping stair that follows the organic profile of the vault and a cylindrical glass tube elevator that shoots up vertically throughout the floors giving visitors a glimpse of the activities on different levels.

Egress stair 1

Egress stair 2

The program of the Broad is relatively simple and in a way can be said to be a bit mundane and contrasting to the more expressive design of the museum. The first floor at the street level includes small sized galleries and acts as a more open space for moving around and exploring the expressive form of the vault and the embedded circulation. The second floor caters to the office and storage spaces, and the third floor is where the main expansive gallery is located with modifiable configurations depending on the type of exhibits. The movement of people throughout these floors heavily depends on the central circulation elements. The egress systems are located at the rear end of the building forming a band of secondary circulation while at the same time incorporating rest rooms and other public accessible spaces. Furthermore, the structure of the Broad museum can also be divided into two separate systems. The main structural system incorporates a traditional column-grid that has a higher concentration of columns at on the first two floors and the third floor is mostly column-less to give way to the open gallery space. The more complex structural system is incorporated into the roofing system of the Broad Museum. The roof consists of 190 foot steel girders that weigh 70 tons each. This structural system allows the roof to cantilever over the third floor and allows to bring in daylight through the 318 skylight monitors with glazing.

Circulation Cores (in Plan)

The Broad museum as a whole is designed to be an efficient building in terms of energy use and consumption incorporating a VFD-HVAC system along with a demand control ventilation system that allows to keep peak loads down when these systems are not required to operate at full capacity. However, our analysis of the building through cove tool did point our that even though the museum has low value for the ASE, the SDA values are equally lower due to the exterior skin which allows daylight to enter the building in very small quantities and therefore, would be mostly blocked off from natural light especially in the lower levels.

T H E

A combined exploded axonometric section showing the different elements and systems incorporated in the Broad museum. The section reveals the central circulation core, the egress systems, the veil, and the overall exterior envelope of the museum. The section also represents the on demand ventilation system airflow. To conclude, it can be said that the Broad Museum incorporates simple internal building systems in contrast to the more expressive “veil” and “vault” systems that act as a day-lighting systems and house the main circulation core respectively.

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AXONOMETRIC + REFLECTION

To conclude this building analysis, we can say that, at first glance, the Broad museum with its relatively simple design profile tries to incorporate the best of both sides, design aesthetic and building performance. However, after individually analyzing the various structural building systems individually, it can be said that while most systems seek to work well together, the day-lighting strategies and the aspect of transparency between the interior and the exterior is something that the building lacks. By considering strategies for both these aspects, the Broad museum can overcome two obstacles with a single solution and therefore become a precedent to achieve design and performance with equal weight and further strengthen the ideology of systems thinking in architecture.

Los Angeles, California, USA Diller Scofidio + Renfro Analysis by Mehul Sathya Narayan & Estefani Aguilar ARCH 341 | Jeff Ponitz

BIBLIOGRAPHY Research Sources

Image Sources

- Diller Scofidio + Renfro. “The Broad.” Accessed September 2020. https://dsrny.com/project/the-broad

- 1.1 Diller Scofidio + Renfro. “Mcmurtry Art and History Building, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.” Accessed September 2020. https://dsrny.com/project/mcmurtry-art-and-art-history-building

- Heathcote, Edwin. “Broad Museum in Los Angeles, USA, by Diller Scofidio+Renfro.” The Architecture Review, January 2016. https://www.architectural-review.com/buildings/broad-museum-in-los-angeles-usa-by-diller-scofidio-renfro - Gensler. “The Broad.” Accessed September 2020. https://www.gensler.com/projects/the-broad https://www.gensler.com/about

- 1.2 Diller Scofidio + Renfro. “Dissona Work Live Complex.” Accessed September 2020. https://dsrny.com/project/dissona-work-live-complex - 1.3 Diller Scofidio + Renfro. “The Shed, New York.” Accessed September 2020. https://dsrny.com/project/the-shed

- “The Broad Construction Timelapse.” YouTube. The Broad. November 2015. https://youtu.be/7W_INqNeh1M\

- 1.4 Diller Scofidio + Renfro. “The Perry and Marty Granoff Center for the Creative Arts, Brown University.” Accessed September 2020. https://dsrny.com/project/the-perry-and-marty-granoff-center-for-the-creative-arts

- Jao, Carren. “A First Look at the Broad in Los Angeles.” Architectural Record, September 2013. https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/2979-a-first-look-at-the-broad-in-los-angeles

- 1.5 “The Broad Museum / Diller Scofidio + Renfro” 31 Aug 2015. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/772778/the-broad-diller-scofidio-plus-renfro, ISSN 0719-8884.

- Diller Scofidio + Renfro. “The Broad.” Accessed September 2020. https://dsrny.com/?index=true&openSection=news&section=studio

- 1.6 “The Broad Museum / Diller Scofidio + Renfro” 31 Aug 2015. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/772778/the-broad-diller-scofidio-plus-renfro, ISSN 0719-8884.

- Etherington, Rose. “The Broad by Diller+Scofidio.” Dezeen, January 2011. https://www.dezeen.com/2011/01/07/the-broad-by-diller-scofidio-renfro/

- 1.7 “The Broad Museum / Diller Scofidio + Renfro” 31 Aug 2015. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/772778/the-broad-diller-scofidio-plus-renfro, ISSN 0719-8884.

- Dixon, John Morris. “ The Broad: Diller Scofidio + Renfro in Collaboration.” ARCHITECT, February 2014. https://www.architectmagazine.com/awards/p-a-awards/the-broad_o

- 1.8 “The Broad Museum / Diller Scofidio + Renfro” 31 Aug 2015. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/772778/the-broad-diller-scofidio-plus-renfro, ISSN 0719-8884.

- Marchuk, Ivan. “Parametric Facade of Broad Museum.” IAAC, October 2018. http://www.iaacblog.com/programs/a1_broad_parametricfacade/

T H E

- “The Broad Museum.” No Ego Design, December 2014. https://www.robo-design.com/news/broad

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Los Angeles, California, USA Diller Scofidio + Renfro Analysis by Mehul Sathya Narayan & Estefani Aguilar ARCH 341 | Jeff Ponitz