Population Growth Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Population Growth

0n 11 June every year, international community celebrates the world population day, which was declared by the UN in 1981, to raise awareness about global population issues. The number of people living in a specific territory, whether citizens or not, are considered as the population of that country, and the size of the globalpopulation is growing rapidly. Working together, the world can face the challenges posed by growing population and make the world better place for people.

The growth of world population is unprecedented. In 1810, the world population was estimated as 1 billion, and it became 7 billion in 2010, about 1.2 present growth in 50 years, but analysts believe that population will become more than 9 billion by the year 2050....show more content... When countries cannot feed the rapidly expanding population, it leads to malnutrition and spread of diseases. Moreover, overpopulation creates problem of unemployment, high rate of crimes and rapid spread of diseases. Nevertheless, some countries consider a larger population as a strength and national power as it creates big market and increases domestic demand, facilitating the growth of domestic industry. For example, China, which has the world largest population of 1.5 billion, uses its huge population to enhance its national

Urbanization Of Urban Population Growth Essay

1.Introduction

The century is witnessing a greater migration of the world's population into urban dwellers. This movement of people into major towns and cities of the world is caused by rapid sprawl and it is observed in developed and developing countries. The increasing population observed is inevitable; therefore the solution to urban problems depends essentially on effective planning, infrastructural management and development. Usually, unplanned population growth is associated with population demands that supersede infrastructure and service capacity, leading to the degradation of the environment. (Asoka et al., 2013).

Urbanization is very important, but development is carried out at the expense of deforestation, destruction of biotope, fragmentation of ecosystems, shrinking of the open space among many other things. Acity should be a complex system that entails several interactive sub–systems, it should be affected by various factors including governmental land policies, population growth, transportation infrastructure, market behavior to mention just a few. In spite of their regional economic importance, urban population growth has a substantial impact on the neighboring urban ecosystem (Yuan, Sawaya et al. 2005).

Land use and transportation systems can be considered as the two most vital subsystems determining the long term urban form and structure. Meanwhile, urban growth is one of the most important topics in urban studies, and its main driving forces are

Get more content

Effects of Population Growth on Environment

This is not the latest jackpot prize, but 6.5 billion is a very formidable number. It [It must refer to a specific word in the sentence or the reader can become confused.] is the population of the earth. The human population has been increasing at an accelerated rate in the last century; unfortunately, not much has been done to slow down this process. Undoubtedlyoverpopulation is a global issue. It [It must refer to a specific word in the sentence or the reader can become confused.] is global because it pertains to all humanity affects the whole world, i.e. the environment. Almost all human activities affect negatively the environment in one form or another, as human population will expand...show more content... In order to preserve the well–being of human and wildlife populations that depends on healthy, functioning ecosystems. Rapid and unchecked human population growth and the resulting increases in resource consumption lie at the heart of most, if not all, environmental problems. Global warming is no exception. The unprecedented increase in human numbers is paralleled by the highest levels of fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas production in history (Glick, 2001).

Scientists are also finding that a warmer, CO2–rich world may be a positive for plants, but not for humans, because with an abundance of CO2 in the atmosphere, it will create more intense heat waves, such as the one that killed thousands of people in Europe in 2003. The rapid growth of plant life increases the pollen in the air, which causes health problems in many people. The warmer climate also increases the life of certain insects, one of which is he mosquito and every summer the West Nile virus earlier and earlier. In a greenhouse world, tropical diseases will expand their range and their prevalence (Begley, 2007).

While industrial nations have been primarily responsible for high emission levels in the recent past, the rapidly growing population of the developing world will be a major factor in future emissions levels. Researchers are looking to curb and reduce emissions, many in developing countries need to Get

Human population growth is becoming a huge issue in our world today. The population is increasing rapidly. The reason that it is becoming a concern is because it has affected the economic, environmental, and social aspects of our world. In the film Frontline: Heat, we can see how there might not be a future for our planet unless we are able to reduce the emissions and make our world a safe place. Not only for the present but also for future generations so that they are able to live long and healthy lives. An increase in human population can influence our economy. Some of the factors that are affected are unemployment, poverty and the restriction of economic expansion. When the population increases, the cost of health, education,...show more content...

The revenues are not enough to provide for the population growth. This affects families to save less because they are spending all of their income on basic needs and cannot afford to educate their children, which produces poverty in the next generation. This results in low qualification and low chance of employment for children when they reach the working age. Due to this, industries and services cannot develop. With the increase of population, the volume of employment and unemployment increases. The number of unemployed depends on the size of the active population called the Labour Force. If the growth rate of the population is higher than the job opportunities available to the labour force, unemployment will occur. When there is an increase in population, society is solely focused on providing the basic needs. This results in the lack of obtaining education and because of this they cannot help the economy expand. Also, there are more consumers with the increase of population than producers, causing the restriction of economic expansion. Not only is our economy impacting the population, but so is the environment. "Population is the number one threat to our environment".

(Population Growth

Impacts on the Environment website). Our population is rising beyond the earth's ability to maintain a reasonable quality of life. This enlarged population has also increased the land uses, resource uses and pollution problems. A raise in land use

Population Growth Assignment

Population Growth Writing Assignment Rapidly growing populations creates not only overpopulation, but also strains the economy, job market, and livelihood of the countries' citizens. Two countries that have been facing, and continue to face, growing populations are India and China. Both countries have attempted to deal with this issue in the decades past and in the present day. China implemented its one–child policy for nearly three decades and also tried using different birth quota systems to keep its country on track for reducing or simply maintaining the current population. India also attempted to deal with the rapid population growth. The country implemented multiple population policies in hopes of enforcing smaller families and promoted sterilization as a major method to combat rising populations. While both countries attempted to combat rapid population growth, the methods used created long lasting consequences of age gaps, mortality rates, and loopholes that the citizens of these countries discovered.

Dealing with Rapid Population Growth With a population at approximately 1.4 billion people ((DeBlij, Muller, & Nijman, 2013), China has struggled with overpopulation for decades and continues to struggle with this issue. One of the largest, and most well known, attempts to deal with population growth was the implementation of China's one–child policy in the 1970s–1980s. The one–child policy pushed the majority of families to only have one child per household. The

Get more content

Population Growth in Perspective Essays

Population Growth in Perspective

Introduction

To anyone even remotely acquainted with the situation, the ever–expanding world population can easily be a cause of grave concern. Indeed, the simple realization that the total world population will most likely be doubling within the next century may seem to imply catastrophe. Considering the strain our current huge population puts on the world, is it not natural to presume that two times our number will spell disaster? While this is the view held by many prominent voices, there also is a less–noticed group of people who contend that the resiliency of the earth and the ingenuity of its people will keep the planet a decent place to live.

In this paper, I attempt to critically examine...show more content... Generally, people have operated under the assumption that the world was (or was on its way to being) overpopulated.

I began my research in this topic with the same outlook. I initially wanted to research overpopulation because I was deeply concerned with its implications. I wanted to understand the causes of population growth and to learn what might be done to ameliorate the problem. Soon into the research, however, I happened upon pieces of literature opposing the idea of an overpopulation crisis and immediately respected certain aspects of their arguments. Quickly, I was forced to change the scope of my question from "what will be the consequences of overpopulation?" to "what exactly does overpopulation mean?" and "does an overpopulation problem even exist?".

History of Population Crises

The seed of my doubt that an overpopulation crisis was imminent was planted when I began to examine the historical record of population concerns. As a history major, I have at least some respect for patterns in history. While I recognize that new things can emerge, often a current event is a variant on an earlier expressed theme.

Regarding population, the first documented concerns over population size date from a Babylonian epic from 1600 BC (Cohen, 1995). More writings on the topic across the globe have continued since then, themselves probably increasing at a rate faster than the

Get more content

Population Growth In America

The United States population is growing rapidly. At a rate of 0.7% per year currently, that equates to about 9 million new people a year, after the number of deaths are accounted for. With the number of people seen on the streets rising and the number of incarcerated criminals "dropping" to around 0.2%, it is difficult to see where all these new people are going to fit into society. As hard as it is to imagine a new baby born every eight seconds, that is the reality currently facing America. However, while this type ofpopulation growth is likely going to cause America's demise, another country is currently populating at a rate even America cannot compete with: India. At an astonishing 1.7% increase per year, India is currently populated with almost 900 million more people than theUnited States. With less than half the land size and an undeniable need for more resources to survive, India has been faced with the largest increase of population within the last century. However, unlike the United States, India's government has taken crucial steps towards helping to control their population. Albeit, their methods are a bit unorthodox and incredibly appalling by Western standards. Regardless, in order to maintain a...show more content...

Although no set standards have been implemented by the Indian government regarding birth control and "population control," there is still an overwhelming number of female sterilizations being performed each year. While around 37% of females in India have "chosen" to be permanently sterilized, the vast majority of men have declared that male vasectomies are considered culturally unacceptable. Additionally, the "selected abortion of girls" in addition to the sterilization of women of child bearing age has caused the ratio of women to men, in some communities, to be as small as eight to ten, with the younger generation being more susceptible to a wider

Get more content

Causes Of Population Growth

Population Growth Introduction

The population of Britain grew rapidly between 19th century and early 20th century. There are many reasons and factors that effected the growth of the demographic. Another factor that caused population growth rapidly was people choose to give birth at younger age. It led to birth rate increase and population increase too. By 1875 Public Health Act introduced: more clean water, more public toilet, more frequently rubbish removal and sewer & drain available. It meant that people's health and sanitation were better. Then life expectancy became longer. From the list of factors, it may has any argument whether which factor led to rapid population growth.

Health

The most effective factor in population growth was...show more content... Another reason, food and jobs created were helping population growth was in late 19th century railways and steamships made it possible import cheap foods extended to all places. Then more people able to afforded to buy food. This meant less people was starved and population would grow because people were eating more healthy food. Additionally, during 19th century transport were greatly improved. This made travel faster. From this point of view when railway mania introduced many routed was created because more rich people invested. Then many jobs were created and this meant less people were unemployed. All the people from now have: food, job, money..... Then they wouldn't be died at young age. The government banned children to work was a good point because it reduce the chance of death at young age. Also transport made food cheaper by import meat and grain through steamship and railway extended elsewhere in Britain. During railway mania period, created a lot of job for people who were unemployed to get going again. From the factor above it help increased population and more people employed. That meant people able to afford to buy food and less death. Overall food and jobs created did helps a lot with population growth. However, people have anything they need in their daily life such as food, job, money..... Then population would keeps grew without many people died.

Birth Rate

Birth rate got into population growth; due to people in 19th century choose to have baby at

Characteristics of the U.S. population in 2025 The United States is the third most populated country in the world. This country holds about 4.5% of the world's population. The U.S. population is currently estimated to have 308.7 million persons. This number is more than double of the population from 1950. Besides the fact of the population has doubled its size, the population has also become qualitatively different from the one from 1950. As noted by the Population Reference Bureau, "The U.S. is getting bigger, older, and more diverse." The growth of the population is the result of the trends over time in the relationship of increased births, decreased deaths, and increased net immigration....show more content... Population, by Age Group: 1950–2050

Besides the total size of the population, one of the most significant demographic characteristics of a population is the age and sex structure. The immigration has had a major influence on both the size and the age structure of the U.S. population. The U.S. population has experienced remarkable growth since 1950. The number of women slightly outnumbered the men. U.S. Population, by Sex, 1950–2050, in Millions

In general, countries experiencing high fertility and rapid population growth, have a "young" population structure and the important policy considerations are if there are enough schools and, sufficient jobs and housing to accommodate this population. Countries with "old" population structures face the problems of structuring and developing retirement and health systems to serve this older population and also they have a considerable reduction the number of the working force. The decline of the work force is one of the most dramatic economic tendencies of the past four decades in the United States. The individual's decision of whether to stay in the workforce or to retire is based on the collaboration of a number of factors including the following: eligibility for Social Security benefits, availability of and benefits under an employer–financed pension plan, work

Get more content

Shelby Coats–Lamberth

7/18/15

Chapter 34

The human growth population has been doubling for several years. During the seventeenth century it when scientists really seen a major increase and now it is tripling in shorter amount of time. The human growth population has been the most abundant and the longest growing out of all the animal kingdoms. Some of the reasons why the population of humans have grown so fast is because of the mechanical inventions and realizing how important medical attention is. According to Meder & Windelspecht (2014) the human population was approximately five billion people in the 1650's, and by the 1850's is doubled again. Now today we are estimated to have approximately seven billion people

Human Growth and Population

Get

Factors Affecting Human Population Growth

Stunting Human Population Growth

No Population can have an ongoing exponential growth without having a limit that rules over the population's size. This limit is called the carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is the number of people, animals and crops that a region can support without environmental degradation. The way things are now, the humanpopulation is going to break through its carrying capacity very soon. Exceeding the carrying capacity means that the number of humans roaming the earth is greater than the number of humans the food supply can hold. Therefore, the only way to avoid a future battle for food is by reducing the birth rate of newborns in families across the globe.

There is three ways that can prove effective against our growing population. 1.Laws: One way for a country or other ruling authoritative body to control population growth is to institute laws that prohibit high fertility.

2.Contraception: Another important way to limit population growth is to increase the rate of contraception among the population.

3.Economics: When the cost of having a child is extremely high, it deters parents from having more than a couple of kids. Everyone have their own opinion on which of these methods would work best in keeping our population under check. However, I believe that even though that all of these methods can prohibit high fertility, only through contraception and education the population will stay under control for the longest time. According to the

Get more content

Globalization

and

the Effects

on

Population: A

Look at Projections, Theories, and Global Population Practices. "We in the West do not refrain from childbirth because we are concerned about the population explosion or because we feel we cannot afford children, but because we do not like children." Germaine Greer, an Australian feminist writer, may or may not have been entirely serious when she wrote this statement, but the statement is an insightful one nonetheless. Greer hits on three major underlying themes that affect the study of global population trends. The first and often most important concern in population studies is that of a "population explosion." Other important factors including the economic impact on population...show more content...

Population Growth, "Explosion", and the Forces of Globalization

By the mid 1950's it was already evident that a large population growth was occurring worldwide. Basic demographic statistics show unprecedented population growth in the twentieth century. "In 1900 global population was 1.7 billion, in 1950 it reached 2.5 billion," long term projections from the United Nations estimate that human population will reach the 6 million mark by the end of the twentieth century and furthermore they project a growth to a population of approximately 11.6 billion around the year 2200 . Most scholars, and even the United Nations statisticians themselves, will acknowledge that such long–term projections are at best simply nothing more than guesses. Despite this fact, these projections must still be acknowledged in order to plan for a future in which 11 billion people may have to share the scarce land and resources left in our world. The debate over population growth is one that is fierce, often over exaggerated, and clearly centered around the Malthusian dilemma. Alarmists will warn that the population is far outgrowing our food sources, therefore population growth must be the main cause of hunger. "In 1985, at the height of a major African drought, Colorado governor Richard D. Lamm wrote in the New York Times that the United States should stop giving emergency relief to African countries that failed to reduce

Get more content

Population Growth

Over time, human population has increased and unfortunately has caused a lot of problems to the economy as well as to the environment. Many of the issues that population growth has affected are climate changes, consumption and waste, family planning, poverty, food and hunger, and changes to the economy. According to data researched by the United Nations, "the worldpopulation will reach 8 billion to 10 billion by the year 2030" (Livi–Bacci: 1992:31–32 cited in Robbins, 2010:130). Eight to ten billion is a lot of people living in the world, which unfortunately might cause more problems than solutions to these issues. The book written by author Richard H. Robbins, Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism, includes an...show more content...

(Malthus 1798 cited in Robbins, 2010:132). This view was known as the "Malthusian trap" (Mshahara, 2017). Everything is related to one another, and if one thing changes, then usually the other things will too. As Robbins expressed that Malthus' view was seen in Europe, the demand for food decreased, the population decreased, mortality decreased, and then right after, a rise in population occurred (Robbins, 2010: 157). Another issue that has caused the environment to change is deforestation. The land gets cleared for agriculture purposes, to provide room for growing crops, grazing livestock and urban uses. As explained by Robbins, agriculturists would clear a few acres of land by cutting down the trees and burning them in a process known as "slash and burn" (Robbins, 2010: 157). As individuals can see, population growth has done some negative changes to the earth. Another result that has occurred from population growth is a change in consumption and waste. This subject has arguments on population growth hindering economic development as well as not affecting it at all. As argued by Robbins, (Robbins 2010: 133–134) population growth has caused a high demand for resources, such as water, food, and fuel. With population growing, that is why some communities are dealing with famine, poverty and an increase in mortality rates. According to Massimi Livi–Bacci, (Livi–Bacci, 1992: 145 cited in Robbins, 2010: 134) population growth has not had an effect on the economy. Get

Human Population Growth In The Twentieth Century

Life is a precious thing but when does producing life become a problem? Human population growth has been a topic of discussion, among one of the many concern the world faces now. Human population growth in the twentieth century has become a slow growth rate. And even though population growth rate has decreased does not mean we are in the clear. Humanpopulation growth issues are influenced: health concerns, accessing education and technology

The more people being born is a huge risked on the ecosystems and exhausting our resources to build homes and create more supermarket to distribute food to everyone. The British medical journal states that "whether the globe can accommodate 6 billion people, each for 60–70 years, without causing damage to ecosystems, is not a question of science but of distributive justice" (Arunachalam 443). The author suggests that people in power can contribute to the solution of population growth or overcrowding then simple scientific solutions. They believe science is not solely responsible for the population growth but it's the people in power and the people who make the decision to have children's. better health concerns are the key to understanding human population growth and how we can improve it.

Majority of the world don't consider this a problem, they believe the government should tell others how to live their lives. And even tell them what they can or cannot do. The British medical journal says "We live in a world of barriers? religious,

Get more content

Population Growth And The Population Essay

Population Growth

Introduction Population growth is the increase in the number of people through birth rate and immigration rate within a specific population with respect to the decrease within the population though emigration rate and death rate. But do all individuals play a major factor in determining population growth? No, contributions to population growth vary based on each individual present within the population (Graham 1985). For example, different ages of individuals hold different weights that others. This can help is compare the specific age ranges within a group and will help us lead to further analysis (Werner and Caswell 1977). With this being said, populations are dependent on different trends and demographic factors that are occurring that that time within the specific population that is being studied. Some of these factors include gender and race. These can the predict trends in life expectancy and survivorship of different populations (Boucekkine, David, and Licandro 2002) . Discrepancies between races and gender roles have been smuggled over the years (Duncan 1961). Although, they still hold weight in some studies within ecology such as life expectancy. African Americans have shown that they have a lower age average than what American. This could possible be due to various reason such as health risks like hypertension and cardiovascular disease (Brondolo, Rieppi, and Kelly et al 2003). In this lab report, we are going to be focus in on targeting the

Get more content

Reflection Paper On Population Growth

As I reflect upon the topics that have been discussed in this course thus far, I am genuinely impressed by the growth and evolution of my knowledge and perspective regarding human population growth. From the start, I felt that global population growth is a major issue because it perpetuates existing issues of malnutrition, water scarcity, disease, and social unrest, but I was truly only concerned in a broad universal sense. After having had the opportunity to explore issues of agriculture, resource distribution, and population control as an active participant in this course, I feel much more personally implicated in the issue than I did initially and feel that it should be a topic of highest priority worldwide. Our global agricultural situation is much more dire than I had previously understood. Our excessive tillage of the land and economic investment in the agricultural industry is literally exhausting the soil of its nutrients thus reducing the amount of arable land available for us to grow food to a mere 11% of Earth's total landmass. Perhaps even more alarming is the fact that as the population continues to grow and the demand for food increases in response, the land available for food production shrinks simultaneously, and soon it may become impossible to properly sustain our species because we will have no resources left to exploit. Dr. Wilson expressed the world's treatment of the issue of food supply best when he suggested, "This is an abstract concept until you go

Get more content

Population Growth And Economic Growth Essay

The aim of this study is to find additional empirical evidences on the relationship between population growth and economic growth as economists are perambulating between three theories. First, economic growth and population growth are negatively related, which means if population increases, economic growth decreases. Second, economic growth and population growth are positively related, which implies that when population increases economic growth also increases, and third, population growth is neutral to economic growth. The study established an econometric model under the framework of Solow swan production model to test the relationship between population growth and economic growth in Kenya, using a time series data The result of the cointegration test shows that the variables are cointegrated and the ECM shows the speed of adjustment toward the long run equilibrium from the deviation in the short run. The short run influence on the dependent variable (GDP) by the independent variables (population, gross capital formation, household consumption and savings) were tested using a Wald Test which indicated that each independent variable influence the dependent variable in the short run. The study also discovered a unidirectional causality running from Population growth to economic growth. Conclusively, the relationship between population growth and economic growth is found to be positive in this study. In other words, the variables are found to

SUMMARY AND GENERAL CONCLUSION

Population Growth

Population Growth is becoming a huge issue in our country and world today. The reason that it has become such a pressing issue is that our growing population needs a growing economy and has growing needs. As our population grows, the needs of the population become bigger. Very large population becomes a problem when there isn't enough space to live, and not enough food and supplies to live off of. We can predict population size in the future by examining the recent past. This can give us good ideas about what we will have to do to accommodate all of the people in the US and the world, or start to put restrictions on babies being born like our fellow country China. In this activity we were given the ...show more content...

The errors in the linear model were random, but not off by much each different year. The population wasn't off by more than 2,000 people at most in one year. Using the linear model we made some predictions like what will the population being the year 2000? By putting the equation into the calculator and going into the table, we predicted that in the year 2000 the population would be 2.76 billion. Anotherprediction that was made was what will the population be when I retire. Most people retire when they are about sixty– five, so that would be in the year 2045. The population in 2045 is predicted to be 3.8 billion according to the linear model. The population will double from the current population in the year 2114. The population will then be 5.52 billion. One thing that I am concerned about is how high the population will be when my children are growing up. I plan to have children when I am about 27 so when my child is about 20, the year will be 2027 and the population will be 3.4 billion. Next we did the same procedure for the world population. In this case, the exponential model fit the data more efficiently. The equation was 2,552,666,405 = 1.018,677,273^x, r = .998328246. The world population for the year 2000 is will be 6.44 billion. Upon retiring the world population will be 1.5 trillion people. Comparing the two models the exponential model makes sense because the population is growing at such a rapid rate. The

Agriculture and Population Growth

The earth is increasing its population by 90 million people per year, and yet we still have 5.9 billion people left to feed and to give shelter (Mitchell, 1998). Along with the increase in the population, there are also more people on Earth who are living longer lives. The global population boom has coincided with the improvement of health, and of productivity, around the world. On average, the human population today lives longer, eats better, produces more, and consumes more than at any othertime period in the past (Eberstadt, 1995). Agriculture feeds people, but will it be able to feed the expanding global population, especially with its exponential increase?

One way for the population of today and...show more content... Minimizing agricultural areas through intensification would seem like a great idea for preserving more land.

Technology has been a viable part of higher productivity in agriculture. Innovations such as tractors, seeds, chemicals, irrigation measures, fertilizers, pesticides, and genetic engineering have played a major part in raising yields without having to clear more fields. But is technology the key to ensuring sustainable agriculture for a growing population.

Many countries have tripled or even quadrupled the amount of grain they produce. Unfortunately, yields have been decreasing while population continues to increase. Grain yields per hectare have been slowing since 1990, rising only 3 percent from 1990–1996 or 0.5 percent per year. This does not keep pace with population growth which is at 1.6 percent per year (Brown, 1997).

Along with population growth, there is a growing demand for a more calorie–filled diet, especially with the unprecedented rise in affluence in Asia. Meat is becoming the food of choice rather than low calorie wheat or vegetables. Since it takes more grain and water to produce animal protein than vegetable protein, added pressure is placed on the environment. From 1990 to 1995, China's grain consumption increased by 40 million tons; 33 million tons were consumed as animal feeds (Brown, 1997). As economies

Effects Of Exponential Population Growth

1) What is exponential population growth? I found this a bit confusing the more I researched it. My understanding of Exponential is when something grows at a rate that doubles – 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc. However, it has a little different context when applied to population. The explanation I found that seems the clearest is as a population's per capita (individual) growth rate stays the same regardless of population size, the population grows faster and faster as it gets larger (Khan, 2017). 2) Is the global population growing exponentially and why? This answer (to me) can be yes and no. According to Roser and Ortiz–Ospina (2017), actual growth is declining, but the population is rising. In the 20th century, the world's population quadrupled; but will not double in the 21st. The fastest doubling period was 1950–1987 (37 years) when the population grew from 2.5 billion to 5 billion. Since 1962 when the growth rate was 2.1%, the growth rate has slowed along with the doubling rate. It is also estimated that the world's population will reach 11 billion by 2088, but will have taken nearly 100 years to get there. As resources begin to taper off, so will growth – this is known as Logistic Growth. I do not believe we are there yet, however, we are heading there. I do not know if this is an indicator or not, but Japan is experiencing a population shift where the elderly outnumber the younger and is expected to increase in the coming decades and the population is shrinking