PHL posts $448-M BOP surplus in March
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HE country’s Balance of Payments (BOP)—or the summary of the Philippines’ transactions with the rest of the world—still yielded positive numbers in March despite the onset of restrictions to curb the spread of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) during the month. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) reported on Tuesday that the country’s overall BOP position hit a surplus of $448 million in March. A BOP surplus means that the country is earning more dollars than it is spending for a given period. March 2020’s surplus is significantly lower than the $627-million surplus in the same month last
AIRPORT utility personnel disinfect the predeparture waiting area fitted with plastic sheets to ensure proper distancing, at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 4 in Pasay City. NONIE REYES
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year and the $839-million surplus seen in February 2020. It was in mid-March when the government decided to put the country on community quarantine in an effort to stop the spread of the virus. According to the Central Bank, March’s BOP numbers reflected mainly the inflows arising from the BSP’s foreign-exchange operations, as well as income from its investments abroad, and the national government’s foreign currency deposits with the BSP. These inflows could have been higher, however, if not partially offset by the foreign currency withdrawals made by the national government to pay its foreign currency debt obliga-
tions during the month in review. The BOP surplus in March reduced the cumulative BOP deficit for the period January to March 2020 to $68 million, from a deficit of $516 million for the first two months of the year. The country’s BOP level in the first three months of 2020 is a reversal from the $3.8-billion BOP surplus recorded in the first quarter of 2019. “This development may be attributed partly to the reversal of foreign portfolio investments to net outflows from net inflows in the first quarter of 2019, even as the merchandise trade deficit declined,” the BSP said.
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Wednesday, June 3, 2020 Vol. 15 No. 237
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BAD TIMING—EXPERTS NG DEBT BALLOONS BY 10.4% TO P8.6T AS OF END-APRIL By Bernadette D. Nicolas
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BIKES and sport-utility vehicles share the streets as people find ways to cope with the challenges of public commute coupled with the fear of getting infected with the coronavirus. The Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases has encouraged the use of bicycles as a primary mode of transportation. NONIE REYES
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By Cai U. Ordinario
WENTY-SIX economists from the top universities in the Philippines have issued a position paper opposing passage of the Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises Act (CREATE) bill, saying it added undue uncertainty—the last thing that businesses need while trying to recover from the Covid-19 pandemic.
Some of them propose breaking up the CREATE into three bills to reflect its main goals, starting with the corporate income-tax reduction, which some economists had said would make Philippine businesses more competitive with their rivals, though some quarters now say the revenue loss to government at this time is not worth the price. Economists from the University of the Philippines Diliman (UPD), University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), Ateneo de Manila University (ADMU) and the De La Salle University (DLSU) said the bill was
inequitable and inefficient. The position was issued after three of its signatories—former UP School of Economics Deans Raul V. Fabella and Ramon L. Clarete and Ateneo School of Government Dean Ronald Mendoza—aired their personal opposition to the bill. “It is in fact a mere tax relief for incorporated businesses, equivalent to a subsidy, leaving out microenterprises and unincorporated small and medium enterprises [MSMEs]. CREATE definitely falls short in terms of distributive justice,” the economists said.
HE national government’s outstanding debt ballooned by 10.4 percent to P8.6 trillion as of end-April this year from P7.787 trillion in the same period in 2019. Latest data from the Bureau of the Treasury also showed that the end-April figure surged by P122.89 billion or 1.5 percent from P8.477 trillion as of end-March this year due to domestic securities issuance and external loan availments. The end-March figure was adjusted to reflect the P300-billion short-term borrowing through the repurchase agreement with the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP). To date, the national government outstanding debt grew by 11.2 percent for the first four months of the year from P7.731 trillion in December last year, driven by the 5.1-percent increase in external debt and the 14.4-percent uptick in domestic liabilities. Of the total outstanding debt stock, 67 percent represented domestic debt, while 33 percent was sourced externally. Domestic debt as of end-April reached P5.864 trillion, a 12.6-percent jump from P5.2 trillion a year ago. Month-on-month, this was also higher by 0.9 percent compared to P5.813 trillion as of end-March. For April, net issuance of domestic government securities amounted to P50.82 billion, while the peso appreciation merely diminished the value of onshore dollar bonds by P0.17 billion. To date, domestic debt has increased by P735.92 billion or 14.4 percent since the beginning of the year as a result of net debt issuance and the short-term borrowing from BSP.
On the other hand, external debt from January to April this year rose by 6 percent to P2.737 trillion from P2.581 trillion in the same period in 2019. Compared to P2.665 trillion as of end-March, this is up by 2.7 percent. From the start of the year, the external debt of the national government increased by 5.1 percent from P2.604 trillion as of end-December last year. Net availment of external loans for April amounted to P87.34 billion as part of the government’s efforts to raise concessional financing to address the Covid-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, currency adjustments trimmed P15.10 billion from total, particularly through local currency appreciation. Total outstanding guaranteed debt also decreased by 1.1 percent to P477.682 billion from P482.982 billion a year ago. As of end-April this year, the guaranteed obligations slid by 0.9 percent from P481.82 billion as of end-March. The lower level of guarantees was due to the net redemption of both local and foreign guarantees amounting to P3.24 billion and P0.10 billion, respectively. This was further trimmed by currency adjustments which reduced the value of external guarantees by P0.80 billion. Since the beginning of the year, national government guarantees have been reduced by P11.06 billion (or 2.3 percent) from P488.746 billion as of end-December last year. Prior to the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, the government had set a P1.4-trillion borrowing program for this year.
See “Debt,” A2
Continued on A2
PHL’s PMI still beat region’s average in May
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ESPITE the Philippine manufacturing sector’s contraction in May due to disrupted operations, its performance is still better than the Southeast Asian average. In a report released Tuesday morning, IHS Markit announced that the average Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) for May rose to 35.5, up from the previous month’s 30.7. This puts the Philippines’ PMI of 40.1 above average.
The PMI is a composite index aimed to gauge the health of the country’s manufacturing sector. It is calculated as a weighted average of five individual subcomponents. Readings below 50 show deterioration in the industry, while readings above the 50 threshold signal a growth in the manufacturing sector. Due to the coronavirus disease (Covid-19), all countries registered a deterioration of their manufacturing sector.
PESO EXCHANGE RATES n US 50.4380
In terms of ranking, the Philippines’ PMI ranked fourth of the seven Southeast Asian countries monitored by IHS Markit. Singapore was still hardest hit, and the only country which saw the downturn intensify in May. IHS Markit reported that Singapore’s 26.4 PMI was indicative of a substantial deterioration in the health of the sector and the lowest in the series’ near eight-year history. Indonesia’s PMI ranked sixth at 28.6.
Myanmar ranked fifth, just below the Philippines’ ranking, with a PMI of 38.9. The Philippines’ PMI of 40.1 was an improvement compared to the April figure of 31.6. The global think tank, however, said that despite the improvement, the reading still pointed to a sharp deterioration in operating conditions across the country’s manufacturing sector. See “PMI,” A2
AROUND 30 jeepney drivers from Caloocan City out of work since the lockdowns in March hold a rally to ask City Hall to let them ply their routes. They say they have yet to receive cash aid from the government, and that they should also be allowed to return as bus and taxi drivers were already earning a living. Transport advocates have asked the government to implement service contracting to protect transport workers and ensure adequate public transportation in areas under the general community quarantine. BERNARD TESTA
n JAPAN 0.4686 n UK 63.0273 n HK 6.5075 n CHINA 7.0750 n SINGAPORE 35.8454 n AUSTRALIA 34.2928 n EU 56.1577 n SAUDI ARABIA 13.4448
Source: BSP (June 2, 2020)