INDO SARACENIC DESIGN STYLE

STUDYANDAPPLICATION OF GEOMETRYAND ELEMENTS OF INDO SARACENIC IN INTERIORS

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work/study embodied in the thesis entitled STUDYANDAPPLICATION OF GEOMETRYAND ELEMENTS OF INDO SARACENIC IN INTERIORS was carried out by Ms. Zainab Burhani at L.A.D College, Nagpur for the partial fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Interior Design to be awarded by Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj University Nagpur.

The research work has been carried out under my supervision and is to my satisfaction.

Date:

Place: Nagpur

Name and Signature

Guide

Dr. Surashmie Kaalmegh

Name and Signature

Head of The Department: Dr. Pooja Pathak

(Seal and Stamp of the department)

(If the work is carried out in collaboration with an organisation/ industry /Department then a seal of that organisation/ industry/ department can be added here)

INDO-SARACENIC DESIGN STYLE

Presented for StrictlyAcademic purposes At

Department of Interior Design Women's Education Society's LADYAMRITBALDAGACOLLEGE

For Women ofArts, Commerce and Science & SMT. RATNIDEVI PUROHIT COLLEGE Of Home Science and Home Science Technology, Nagpur

(Affiliated to Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur)

Prepared by:

ZAINAB BURHANI

Undergraduate student of Bachelor of Interior Design Research guide:

DR. SURASHMIE KAALMEGH

Assistant Professor, LadyAmritbai Daga College, Nagpur 2021-2022

DECLARATION

I hereby declare, that I am the sole author and composer of my thesis and that no other sources or learning aids, other than those listed, have been used. Furthermore, I declare that I have acknowledged the work of others by providing detailed references of said work.

I also hereby declare that my thesis has not been prepared for another examination or assignment, either in its entirety or excerpts thereof

Date: 05/06/2022

Place: LAD College, Nagpur

Zainab Burhani BID 4th Year Sem VIII

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

"Words have never expressed human sentiments. This is only an attempt to express my deep gratitude which comes from my heart.” It is a great pleasure for me to express my deep feeling of gratitude to my respected guide Dr. Surashmie Kaalmegh, (Assistant Professor) for her great encouragement and constant support which provided desired moral and confidence to carry on my work.

I am grateful to the Dr. Pooja Pathak, Head of the Department, LAD College, Nagpur for making all facilities available for my work.

I am grateful to my parents for their lovable support. Last but not least I am thankful to my friends and other faculty members for their direct and indirect help for completion of this work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE. DECLARATION. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2: PRELIMINARY STUDY

2.1AIM

2.2 SCOPE

2.3 METHODOLOGY

2.4 LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER 3: PRIMARY STUDY

CASE STUDY 1- MAYO COLLEGEAJMER, RAJASTHAN

CASE STUDY 2- THE SENATE HOUSE CHENNAI, TAMIL NADU

CASE STUDY 3- GOVERNMENT CITY COLLEGE HYDERABAD, TELANGANA

CHAPTER 4: INFERENCE.

CHAPTER 5: SITEANALYSIS.

CHAPTER 6: FINALDESIGN.

CHAPTER 6: BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

The Indo-Saracenic design style, also known as Indo-Gothic or Indo-Islamic, is an architectural style that emerged during the British colonial period in India in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is a fusion of Indian, Islamic, and European architectural elements, resulting in a unique and eclectic style.

Indo-SaracenicArchitecture was majorly used for public and government buildings in the British Raj and palaces for rulers of princely states. Chepauk Palace in Chennai was one of the first structures to be built in this architectural style in 1768 by Paul Benfield. The utilization of Indian architectural features such as Rajasthani jalis and arched windows of Islamic architectural features are evident.

Typical elements found include:

 Onion (bulbous) domes

 Chhajja, overhanging eaves, often supported by conspicuous brackets

 Pointed arches, cusped arches, or scalloped arches

 Horseshoe arches

 Curved roofs in Bengali styles such as char-chala

 Domed chhatri kiosks on the roofline

 Pinnacles

 Towers or minarets

 Open pavilions or pavilions with Bangala roofs

 Jalis or openwork screens

 Mashrabiya or jharokha-style screened windows

 Iwans, in the form of entrances set back from the facade, under an arch

Some notable architects associated with the development and promotion of the Indo-Saracenic style include:

Sir Samuel Swinton Jacob, Sir John Woodburn, Robert Fellowes Chisholm, Henry Irwin

The Indo-Saracenic design style is characterized by the following features:

 Architectural Fusion: The Indo-Saracenic style combines elements from various architectural traditions. It blends Indian architectural features, such as domes, arches, and intricate carvings, with Islamic design elements like jaalis (latticed screens), minarets, and calligraphy. European architectural styles such as Gothic, Renaissance, and Victorian influences are also incorporated, creating a distinctive amalgamation.

 Ornate Detailing: Indo-Saracenic buildings are known for their intricate and elaborate detailing. The exteriors often feature highly decorative elements, including carvings, stucco work, ornamental arches, and decorative screens. The intricate detailing showcases the craftsmanship and artistic skills of the artisans.

 Use of Materials: Indo-Saracenic architecture employs a variety of materials. Red sandstone, marble, and basalt are commonly used for the construction of facades and structural elements, giving the buildings a distinctive appearance. Ceramic tiles and mosaic work are often used for decorative elements, adding vibrant colors and patterns.

 Mughal and Rajput Influences: The Indo-Saracenic style draws inspiration from the architectural traditions of the Mughal Empire and Rajputana. It incorporates elements such as dome structures, arched entrances, and intricate marble inlay work. The use of decorative materials and motifs is reminiscent of Mughal and Rajput architecture.

 Eclectic Proportions: Indo-Saracenic buildings often exhibit an eclectic mix of architectural proportions. They combine the horizontal and vertical elements of Indian and Islamic architecture with the pointed arches and vaulted ceilings of European Gothic style. These varied proportions create a visually interesting and dynamic architectural composition.

 Monumentality and Grandeur: Indo-Saracenic buildings are designed to be visually imposing. They often feature large-scale structures, domes, minarets, and grand entrances. The architecture conveys a sense of grandeur and monumentality, evoking a regal and awe-inspiring ambiance.

The introduction of the Indo-Saracenic design style in India during the British colonial period was driven by a combination of cultural representation, power dynamics, aesthetic preferences, and practical considerations related to climate and local resources. The style remains an important part of India's architectural heritage, reflecting the historical and cultural intersections between different civilizations.

 The British colonial rulers wanted to create architectural styles that represented the rich cultural heritage of India while incorporating their own European influences. The Indo-Saracenic style was a response to this desire for a hybrid architectural identity that showcased the diverse cultural influences of the subcontinent.

 The Indo-Saracenic style appealed to the British architects and designers due to its unique blend of architectural elements from different traditions. It allowed them to experiment with various styles and create visually captivating buildings that stood out from traditional European architecture.

 The Indo-Saracenic style incorporated architectural features that were suited to the Indian climate. The use of high domes, wide verandas, and jaalis (latticed screens) allowed for natural ventilation and protection from the intense heat. Additionally, the use of local materials such as red sandstone and marble helped to integrate the buildings with the local environment.

CHAPTER 2 PRELIMINARY STUDY

2.1AIM

To study about the elements of the Indo-Saracenic design style in details and how several elements of the respective design style can be incorporated into the interior space.

2.2 SCOPE

To design an Institutional building by applying the elements of Indo-Saracenic style, along with several considerations such as material availability, functionality and maintenance of the elements, height and activities and its users.

2.3 METHODOLOGY

The overall approach will go as follows:

a. Site analysis

b. Detailed outcome of the case studies

c. Literature survey

d. Data collection

e. Final requirements list

f. Brainstorming different elements for the space

g. Views and Elevation as per the requirement of the study

2.4 LITERATURE REVIEW

Indo-Saracenic design style, also known as Indo-Gothic or Indo-Islamic architecture, is a fusion architectural style that emerged in the Indian subcontinent during the 19th century. It developed as a response to the colonial influence of the British Empire, which sought to blend Indian and Islamic architectural elements with European Gothic and Renaissance styles.

The Indo-Saracenic style draws inspiration from various architectural traditions, including Hindu, Islamic, and European. It combines features such as domes, arches, minarets, intricate ornamentation, and decorative motifs from different cultures. The style showcases a unique synthesis of Indian craftsmanship and Western architectural forms.

The Indo-Saracenic style was popularly used in the construction of public buildings, civic structures, palaces, and educational institutions during the British colonial era. Notable examples of this architectural style can be found in cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, and Jaipur, where structures like the Victoria Terminus, Victoria Memorial, and the University of Madras exhibit its characteristic features.

The buildings of this era as opposed to the past empires were balanced in terms of their simple yet dignified construction that epitomized elaborative décor and modernization in equal parts.

“Diverse Hindu and Mughal architectural elements were combined with Gothic cusped arches, domes, spires, tracery, minarets and stained glass, in a wonderful, almost playful manner in this period of time.”

Indo-Saracenic monuments represented a marriage of Indian craftsmanship and Western self-glorification.

Indo-Saracenic style can be distinguished by:

 Architectural Elements: The Indo-Saracenic style combines elements from various architectural traditions. It often features large, bulbous domes inspired by Mughal and Islamic architecture, pointed arches influenced by Gothic architecture, and slender minarets reminiscent of Islamic structures. These elements are blended with Indian architectural motifs such as intricate carvings, lotus motifs, and jali screens.

 Ornamentation: Indo-Saracenic buildings are known for their rich ornamentation. Elaborate carvings, intricate patterns, and detailed filigree work adorn the facades, arches, and domes of these structures. The ornamentation often incorporates botanical and floral motifs, geometric patterns, and figurative sculptures.

 Eclectic Fusion: Indo-Saracenic architecture is characterized by its eclectic fusion of different architectural styles and motifs. It seamlessly blends elements from Hindu, Islamic, and European architecture, creating a unique and harmonious architectural language that reflects the cultural and historical amalgamation of the Indian subcontinent.

 SpatialArrangement: Indo-Saracenic buildings often feature spacious courtyards, multiple levels, and open archways that allow for natural ventilation and light. The interiors are adorned with intricate detailing and decorative features, creating a visually rich and immersive environment.

 ContextualAdaptation: Indo-Saracenic buildings are designed to adapt to the local climate and context. They often incorporate features such as shaded balconies, deep eaves, and strategically placed windows to provide relief from heat and optimize natural ventilation.

 Materials: The Indo-Saracenic style typically employs a combination of materials. Traditional Indian materials such as stone, marble, and brick are often used for the main structural elements, while decorative elements may be crafted from materials like plaster, stucco, or wood. These materials are chosen for their durability and their ability to showcase intricate detailing.

 Colours: Indo-Saracenic buildings frequently feature warm earth tones such as terracotta, ochre, and sandstone hues, red is a prominent color in Indo-Saracenic architecture, shades of blue and turquoise are also incorporated, particularly in ceramic tile work or painted accents, Gold and MetallicAccents, Lighter tones, such as ivory or off-white, are frequently used as a backdrop to showcase the intricate carvings, patterns, or stucco work in Indo-Saracenic architecture.Various shades of green can be found in Indo-Saracenic buildings, particularly in the form of foliage or decorative motifs.

CHAPTER 3 PRIMARY STUDY

CHAPTER 4 INFERENCE

CHAPTER 5

SITEANALYSIS

CHAPTER 6 FINALDESIGN