Dagwaagi/Fall 22 Mzinigan by Our Heritage Place

The Chippewas of Rama First Nation

Our Heritage Place Mzinigan (newspaper)

(fall)

Dagwaagi 2022

Rama Mgizi Miigwanaatig (Rama Eagle Staff) Welcomed to Rama First Nation in Mnookmi 2021

Aaniin Boozhoo From the cover: Rama First Nation’s new Eagle Staff was welcomed to the community in May 2021. COVID-19 restrictions at that time prevented us from giving the sacred item a formal community welcome.

The late John Snake envisioned the staff in 2011 and he shared his dreams and hopes with countless people in our community. He worked with MKES students to create the original concepts to tell the story of our community.

As is customary, the feathers intended for use were sent to 13 families/homes to spend time living with our community members. Each family/home was selected to get the best representation of our community. John passed in 2014, so we took a break from working on the staff. When we were ready to restart, Vicki Snache bathed the feathers and we had them redressed. We met with Tim McGregor and

formally asked him to make our new staff.

The original instructions contained an eloquent description of the meanings of the colours on the Miigwanug, what was to be included on the banner to symbolize items and events of community importance, and finally the type of wood for the staff and how it was to be made.

The staff is a living item that we hope to add on to, based on community input, needs and events over time.

The staff has been in the community for over a year now, and has been doing its work at community events (such as the Rama Powwow) and is currently housed in council chambers.

Gchi Miigwech to Tim McGregor and family for creating this beautiul Mgizi Miigwanaatig for our community.

Our Heritage Place Updates Our Heritage Place continues to change and grow!

Long-time Our Heritage Place employee Vicki Snache has moved on to a new challenge, and we wish her the best of luck. Vicki will certainly be missed. If you see her, be sure to say “Gchi miigwech” for everything she did for culture in language in Rama during her time working in the Heritage Department.

brings years of Anishinaabemowin learning and teaching experience, and we are so excited for the future of our language with her at the helm.

In addition, Our Heritage Place has also made another exciting hire. James Simcoe has hung up his Rama Fire Service uniform, and will be joining the department as our Anishinaabe Waadookaaged (Anishinaabe helper). Many know James as being an unofficial employee of Our Heritage Place - he is always helping with ceremony, teachings, and offering advice. Now, we are thrilled that he can join us on a full-time basis.

We look forward to all that James can offer.

In addition, Ben Cousineau has transitioned to the Communications Department, albeit doing the same work (historical and treaty research).

Ben will still be available to help out the Heritage Department when possible, and his office reAs ever, Mino Bmaadziwin Worker Stephanie mains in the Heritage building for the near future. McInnis works hard on connecting our community to our Anishinaabe aadziwin. Many programs, Our Heritage Place has evolved with the addition events, and opportunities to learn are available of two exciting new hires! and all are welcome. Have a look at the flyer featuring Mino Bmaadziwin events in this issue, and In September, we hired Jessica Shonias as our follow “Rama Our Home” on Facebook for up-to“Anishinaabemowin Naagaanzid” (language date information and listings. leader). Jessica is tasked with leading the revitalization of Anishinaabemowin in Rama. Jessica

Rama Powwow 2022 Our Heritage Place is extremely proud of the work that led to the amazing Rama Powwow this past summer. A team of core staff aided by dozens of volunteers worked tirelessly to plan what undoubtedly was the best Rama Powwow ever!

We have to say gchi miigwech to all members of the Rama Powwow Committee, our head staff, the many Rama First Nation staff who contributed, our volunteers and of course, Chief and Council for their continued support.

Each and every person played an important role in giving over 6,000 guests, 300 dancers, and 100 singers an amazing weekend. Our Heritage Place staff heard nothing but glowing compliments about the weekend. Naturally, there are things we want to improve upon for next year - but the

most important thing was that everyone had a fantastic weekend.

Attendance surprised us all. Rama has perhaps never been as busy as it was powwow weekend.

There were cars parked everywhere throughout Rama, taco vendors sold out by 2PM on Saturday, and the John Snake Multipurpose Grounds were jam packed with guests. The Powwow Committee was cautiously optimistic about attendance, bearing in mind the hesitance to gather as we come out of COVID-19, but obviously people missed Rama Powwow!

Once again, gchi miigwech to everyone who had a hand in Rama Powwow 2022! We are already counting down the days until next year.

All photos by Rama First Nations Communications Dept.

Rama First Nation Land Acquisitions 1838-1848 All of the research on Rama Land Acquisition 1838-1848 was performed by Laurie Leclair of Leclair Historical Resarch.

Laurie had assistance from Chippewas of Rama First Nation staff. Gchi miigwech to Laurie for all of her hard work on this file. This summary has been prepared for the community by Our Heritage Place, using the research by Leclair Historical Research.

Mnjikaning As part of the negotiations for the Coldwater Narrows lands in 1836 the Crown offered the Chippewas of Lakes Huron and Simcoe the choice of removing to Manitoulin Island or staying on their traditional territories on property which had yet to be parceled out to settlers. When approached with these options the leaders of the three communities called a Grand Council and unanimously resolved to “Settle themselves as near as it was practicable to the Sites of the Old Villages of Coldwater & the Narrows.”

Treaty no.48, 26 November 1836, Canada, Indian Treaties and Surrenders vol. 1, p. 117.

In other words, after the alleged surrender of the Coldwater Reserve, our ancestors wanted to remain close to the place we had historically known as home: the Narrows & Mnjikaning (place of the fish fence).

Early Surveys “Rama Township” showed up on maps of the Province of Upper Canada in early 1820’s.

Rama Township was partially surveyed in March 1835. Soon after it was fully surveyed and split into six lots of 100 acres. The surveyor noted tamarack and cedar swamps, beech, pine, maple, and hemlock trees. The surveyor also remarked there was an “Old Indian clearing grown up with underbrush” about 300 metres from mouth of Severn River. The original survey included the land which eventually became the first parcels of land purchased by our ancestors A Community Without a Home Chiefs Nanigishkung, Yellowhead, and Big Shilling visited the Lieutenant Governor in 1836.

The purpose of their visit was to highlight which land the Chiefs wanted to relocate to. Our ancestors still lived at the Narrows, but in a state of flux.

The first visit was unsuccessful and no land was secured. The government said there was no land our ancestors could relocate to. After having the Coldwater Reserve taken, and with other treaties such as Treaty 16 and 18 allegedly surrendering over millions of acres, our ancestors were essentially homeless.

In November 1837, a year after the alleged Coldwater surrender, Chiefs Aissance, Yellowhead, and others pressured the Crown to honour promises made about finding a suitable village site. Although the Chiefs and our ancestors could state their preferences, the Chief Superintendent for Upper Canada’s Indian Department was ultimately in charge of negotiating purchases of land. This man was called Samuel Peter Jarvis (his predecessor was James Givins).

Rama Township In May 1838, Chief Yellowhead proposed the purchase of 4,000 acres of vacant land in Rama Township on the east side of Lake Couchiching. Rama Township was generally slow to be “settled” by immigrants, because many of the lands had been given away to non-First Nations war veterans and Loyalists (Americans who were “loyal” to British Crown). Veterans and Loyalists had title to the land, but didn’t bother with the hard work of clearing it. Thus, much of the land remained as it had been for hundreds or thousands of years. Land was viewed as “unimproved” to prospective settlers. This put them off purchasing the land. They also didn’t want to take up the work of clearing the land. The land’s unimproved state is partially what appealed to our ancestors. It still teemed with a variety of wildlife and hadn’t been clear-cut, rid of its natural habitats and medicines.

Rama First Nation Land Acquisitions 1838-1848 Land for Sale Several properties within Rama Township were available for “12 shillings and six pence” per acre. All expenses, including the purchase of lands and building of homes on the land, was taken from the “resources of the tribe”. In other words, our ancestors bought what became Rama First Nation with their own money. In November and December 1838, under instruction from our ancestors, Indian Department Chief Superintentent Jarvis went on a buying spree. He purchased lots of that ultimately added up to 1,621 acres.

The First Lots, 1838 The lots that were purchased were: Lots 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 32, Broken Front Concession ; Lot 25, 1st Concession; Southwest part 23, Broken Lot 24, 2521, 2nd Concession; Lots 19, 25, 3rd Concession; Lots 19, 20, 4th Concession; Broken Lots 19 + 20, 5th Concession. In total: 1621 Acres, £1013.02.06/£800 (Halifax Currency) The 1,621 acres were a far cry from the originally agreed amount of 4,000 acres.

Additional Purchases After word got out that Chief Superintendent Givins was looking to purchase land for the Chippewas of Rama, the offers came in. Settlers who’d given up on their land or simply couldn’t be bothered to deal with it began writing the Indian Department, offering their land for sale. Jarvis had apparently abandoned the agreed plan to provide 4,000 acres of land to our ancestors.

Jarvis responded to one prospective land-seller that the Chippewas of Rama effectively could not afford to purchase any more lands. Our ancestors were left about 2,400 acres short of the agreed 4,000 acres. Did overspending or at least poor budgeting by the Indian Department result in our land deficit?

Note – our Chiefs did not determine what to pay for the lands. Regardless of the purpose, it is clear by 1838 that the original size of the reserve was due to finances rather than available land. Land was abundant…funds, apparently, were not.

The First Houses in Rama Our new village needed homes. The Indian Department created a very specific set of requirements for our ancestors’ new homes. This criteria was created in order to solicit contractors and to ensure consistent and quality builds.

The requirements were as follows: - Each house be raised from the ground and build on stone, not less than 24’ long and 18’ deep -Walls no less than 10’ high -Timber be the best that can be sourced locally; no less than 12” square; logs no more than 1” apart and they shall be dovetailed together -Beams made of good timber and rafters would square 4”x6” and firmly The image above is a floorplan which was sketched to provide secured a visual guide to the house requirements described by Jarvis.

-Proper pitch for roof, well-shingled, water-tight -Good floor boards, no more than 6” wide and free of knots -Well-built chimney, at least 4’ above the roof with two flues carried up the top -Each house to have four windows -House divided by two apartments that shall each have one battened outside door, and that they would have substantial hinges and locks Extract from Agreement between Jarvis and John Cottrell, Robert Merchant and James G Thomas, 5 February 1839. Jarvis Papers, Toronto Reference Library. S125 Samuel Peters Jarvis Indian Papers, vol. B 57

Rama First Nation Land Acquisitions 1838-1848

This painting, from 1844, is an early depiction of our village. The simple homes described on the previous slide are seen on the shores of Lake Couchiching. Chief and Horsehoe Island are seen in the background.

“Indian Village at Rama, Lake Cochinching, County Simcoe, U. Canada, Sept. 1844 by Titus Hibbert Ware, MTRL, Baldwin Collection1846, PICTURES-R-211

A Bustling Community In 1840, the Rama Chiefs reported 40 acres of land had been cleared, and they asked for oxens, ploughs, and horses to aid with land cultivation. Some residents had also built their own homes on the reserve. The land was also officially transferred to Rama First Nation by July 1, 1840. By 1844, the village at Rama was thriving. New Indian Department Chief Superintendent Thomas Gummersal Anderson, reporting on Rama, wrote:

“…their number is now 184; their village already contains twenty houses, and four barns, and they have 300 acres of land under cultivation. During the last two years they have been very industrious, and have raised large quantities of produce. In 1841 their crop of potatoes was sufficiently abundant to enable them to dispose of four or five hundred bushels to the white settlers in Orillia and Medonte without inconvenience to themselves….”

Bureaucratic Errors Parts of the original Rama Reserve were resold without our knowledge nor consent to settlers. Land in lots 5 and 6 (which contained most of the village homes) had been sold to a Mr. Osborne. The fault was discovered when Chief Nanigishkung and Big Shilling noticed some strangers surveying land on the reserve. Chief Nanigishkung and Big Shilling wrote to T.G. Anderson demanding an answer. 33 acres of waterfront land in lots 5 and 6 had been sold…and the crown had to repurchase them as they were rightfully Rama’s property. The land was finally repurchased for £99 in 1848, three years after the original sale. The Indian Department paid for the land out of a general account rather than taking it from Rama’s annuities.

Jarvis, former Chief Superintendent of the Indian Department, was blamed for the error. Apparently, there was tax owed on the land before it was sold to our ancestors. The tax arrears resulted in the land being sold, and somehow, it wasn’t noticed that the land had since been purchased by our ancestors!

Rama First Nation Land Acquisitions 1838-1848 The Village Grows The community was thriving and more land was needed. The Chiefs knew there was more land available to purchase.

Some people still lived at the Narrows but wanted to move to Rama. The Chiefs, led by Yellowhead, searched for more land to accommodate the growing community. “Major Fry’s Lands” were 713 acres of land granted to a retired soldier, Major Henry Fry. Major Fry had done little with the massive tract of land since it was given to him. Fry was in financial trouble. Chief Yellowhead visited Fry’s lands with Indian Department staff, and stated he would pay 10 shillings per acre. The Indian Department agreed and papers were drawn up for the sale. Ultimately the final price was 7/6 cy per acre, working out to be £273.7.6 for 713 acres of land.

Endaad/Home In 1846, in the midst of our community growing and developing, a big meeting between the government and many Chiefs and Headmen was held at the Narrows. The government had a few proposals to present to many Chiefs from the area, including Rama Chiefs. Two of these proposals included supporting manual labor schools for children (which later evolved into residential schools) as well as relocation, with many other nations, to Manitoulin Island. Chief Yellowhead refused both of these proposals.

Yellowhead authorizes payment for an additional 713 acres of lands in Rama.

Yellowhead to S. P. Jarvis. LAC, RG 10, vol. 139, pt. 2, C-11489, pp. 80422-23

He stated, “I have risen, and stand up to speak, but have very little to say on what our Great Father advises us for our good. I admire it very much, his speech, which we have heard.

My mind has been engaged in considering the subject brought before me; and the events that have occurred before, especially in respect to the removal of my own people from this village before me where we were once before advised to remain settled as a religious people, and from which we were afterwards asked to remove to another place, where we now reside. And now I do not see what my young men are to subsist upon, not continuing to work the land; striving to settle here, in Orillia, and to be religious, and then required to remove; and now, when we are settled at Rama, before my young men have had time to make a fair trial there, being again required to remove to another place. I have been pleased to hear what I have heard from my brother chiefs, who have spoken before me. I will now speak a little with regard to what has already been settled on the subject of our removal. I am not willing to leave my village, the place where my Forefathers lived, and where they made a great encampment; where they lived many generations; where they wished their children to live while the world should stand, and which the white man pointed out to me, and gave me for my settlement. This is about all.”

Just 8 years into the move to Rama, Chief Yellowhead knew Rama was home for his people.

Conclusion By 1848, our ancestors had moved from the Narrows to Rama Township, to the land that became known as Rama First Nation. Our land base was 2,334 acres. There was at least 20 homes, out buildings, a school, and cultivated fields.

The map to the right shows our land base by 1848. The checkerboard land base is the result of the government not fulfilling the agreement to secure 4,000 acres for our ancestors.

Gchi miigwech to Laurie Leclair for all of her amazing work on this file.

From the Archives: Mzinaazwinan pictures

Clockwise from top left: Rama water tower (with the old paintjob); one of Rama’s first homes, featuring who is believed to be Frank Joe standing by the door (animosh and child’s names unknown); the old Rama firetrucks leaving the bay at what is now Rama Cannabis; Rama Road looking towards downtown Rama (this is about where the current ECEC building stands); Rama Moccasin Shop (circa early 1990’s); a monument dedicated to our ancestors buried at Chief Island; the Rama Bandstand with the Rama Silver Nightingales performing within.

Rama Veterans of WWI Over 100 men and women from Rama First Nation have served in various wars and conflicts throughout our community history. There were of course many men who also fought in the War of 1812 and inter-tribal wars as well. In 2014 Ben Cousineau conducted some research into Rama Veterans of WWI, and produced a booklet about them. The information about the veterans follows in the next few pages. There are almost certainly more WWI veterans from Rama.

The men from Rama enlisted at different times and as a result were sent to different batallions across Europe. A brief bit of information on each batallion that featured Rama men follows: The 37th Infantry Battalion, also known as the Northern Ontario regiment, began recruitment in early 1915. Recruitment primarily took place in Northern Ontario, but camp was situated in Niagara-on-the-Lake. The 37th departed for England on November 27, 1915. Up until July of 1916, the battalion was used as a reserve regiment by the Canadian Corps. The 37th was then absorbed by the 39th Battalion. An active and heavily involved battalion, the 37th received battle honours for Ypres (Passchendaele)1915, ‘17; Festurbert, 1915; Mount Sorrel; Somme, 1916; Arras, 1917, ‘18; Hill, 70; Amiens; Hindenburg Line; and Pursuit to Mons.

The 76th Overseas Battalion, CEF, recruited in Barrie, Orillia, and Collingwood. The battalion trained at Niagara prior to embarking for England. It arrived in England on April 23rd, 1916, and on July 6th, 1916, the battalion was absorbed by the 36th Battalion, CEF. Prior to being absorbed by the 3rd Canadian Reserve Battalion, the 36th provided reinforcements to the Canadian Corps in the field. Battle honours obtained by the 76th include The Great War, 1916.

The 114th Overseas Battalion recruited in Haldimand County as well as at Six Nations reserve. They became known as “Brock’s Rangers”, and the battalion was almost entirely made up of First Nations soldiers. The 114th embarked for England on December 22nd, 1915. Upon arrival it was absorbed by the 35th and 36th Reserve Battalions, providing reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field.

The 116th Overseas Battalion, later known as The Ontario Regiment, embarked for Britain in July of 1916. The 116th’s primary role was to provide support to the Canadian Corps.

In doing so, the 116th received numerous battle honours, including Vimy, 1917, and Ypres (Passchendaele) 1917. In February of 1917 it joined the 3rd Canadian Division and fought in France for the remainder of the war.

The 122nd Battalion, also known as the Muskoka Battalion,

was based out of Huntsville, ON, and recruited exclusively from the Muskoka region. The 122nd completed their training and embarked for Britain in June of 1917. A week after arriving, the 122nd was absorbed by the Canadian Forestry Depot, CEF. The 157th Overseas Battalion, also known as The Simcoe Foresters, received battle honours in: Arras 1917, 1918; Hill 70; Ypres (Passchendaele)1917; Amiens (“Hundred Days Offensive”); Hindenburg Line; and Pursuit to Mons.

The 177th Overseas Battalion began recruiting in early 1916, drawing primarily from Simcoe County. The 177th were part of a larger regiment known as The Grey and Simcoe Foresters. The 177th trained at Base Borden near Barrie, and embarked for England in May of 1917. The 177th was then absorbed by the 3rd Canadian Reserve Battalion, CEF, providing reinforcements to Canadian Corps in the field. Battle honours received by the 177th include: Arras, 1917, 1918; Ypres, 1917; Amiens; Hindenburg Line; and Pursuit to Mons.

The 182nd embarked for England in May of 1917. Upon arrival the 182nd was absorbed by the 3rd Canadian Reserve Battalion, providing support to the Canadian Corps. Battle honours received by the 182nd include Ypres (Passchendaele) 1917; and France and Flanders 1916-1918. After the war, the 182nd as well as the 116th went on to form The Ontario Regiment (RCAC).

Most of our WWI veterans likely saw combat and somehow they all came home too. As we know, the men came home to significantly different responses. While overseas, our ancestors were brothers-in-arms: great, brave fighters who earned the respect of all of their fellow soliders, regardless of ethnicity. But upon return, the familiar patterns of racism continued.

In fact, they were perpetuated by Canada and Veterans Affairs, who did not provide our ancestors with the same benefits and pensions that non-native veterans received. Adding insult to injury, many of our ancestors were barred from joining the Legion to reconnect with the men they stood in trenches with throughout Europe.

Nonetheless, in recent years, the contributions of these men and women have begun to be acknowledged. We can safely say that our ancestors played a major role in helping Canada throughout all of its war efforts. Our respect and appreciation for the veterans of Rama is immeasurable and can never be forgotten.

This year, Rama commemmorates our veterans on November 8th, on Indigenous Veterans Day. All are welcome to attend.

Rama Veterans of WWI Moses Anderson

Regiment number 643823, 157th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Moses Anderson was born on February 24, 1884 in Peterborough, Ontario (Hiawatha First Nation). Moses was the son of Charles Anderson and Mary Muskrat. He married Elizabeth Jeanette Benson (daughter of Samuel Benson and Annie Sandy) on April 24, 1915, in Rama. Moses signed his attestation papers 10 months later, aged 31, on January 24, 1916, and soon left for training with the 157th at Base Borden near Barrie. Prior to the war, Moses worked as a labourer, and upon returning from overseas continued to do so.

Later on in life, Moses worked as a hunting and fishing guide, eventually retiring back to his birthplace at Hiawatha First Nation.

Peter Bigwin

Regiment number unknown; 157th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Peter Bigwin, born in 1889, served as a “sapper” in the war. A sapper was a soldier who predominantly worked as an engineer, performing a wide variety of essential logistical duties.

In Peter’s case, he may have been a bridge-builder, clearer of land for roads and railways, or even a minesweeper.

Peter married Lillie Pawis, from Shawanaga First Nation soon after returning from the war. They had a son, William James, who sadly passed away within a few months of his birth. Peter and Lillie lived in Rama up until Peter’s death in 1939. Peter is buried at the Rama First Nation Cemetery.

Herbert Charles

Regiment number 763591; 122nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

Wilfred Clarence Benson

Regiment number 868160; 116th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Wilfred Clarence Benson was born October 17, 1893. The son of Samuel Benson Nanigishking and Annie Benson (nee Sandy), Wilfred resided in Rama. Wilfred’s siblings included Annie and Elizabeth Benson (wife of Moses Anderson). Wilfred enlisted at age 22, April 13, 1916, and although he was at first assigned to the 182nd Overseas Battalion, he was transferred to the 116th. Wilfred was soon medically discharged.

He returned home, and lived out his life in Rama. Wilfred passed away in the 1970’s.

Herbert was born on Georgina Island, March 12, 1897, to George Charles and Josephine George. He signed his attestation papers when he was 19 on April 19, 1916, during recruitment by the 122nd in Gravenhurst. At the time of enlistment, he was single and living in Longford. Herbert married Annie Alice St. Germain (daughter of Emma Charles and James St. Germain) on September 11th, 1920 in Rama.

Herbert and Annie continued to reside in the Simcoe and Muskoka areas for the rest of their lives.

Alexander Joseph Douglas

Regiment number 763664; 122nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

Frederick William Benson

Regiment number 853092; 177th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Frederick Benson was born October 11th, 1878, to James Benson and Charlotte Charles. Frederick enlisted for service on February 25, 1916 at age 37. At the time, he was married to Mary Benson and living in Rama.

He arrived in England on May 14, 1917, and remained there until Sept. 19, 1917. An August 1917 edition of the Orillia Times reported, “Official notice has been received here that Pte. Fred Benson, who was with the 177th Batt. and shortly after proceeding overseas he took a stroke, will return home.” Heart troubles continued later in life, and on August 9, 1935, Frederick passed away due to heart failure.

All signatures are copied from digitized versions of each soldier’s original WW1 attestation form.

Alexander (Alex) Joseph Douglas was born in Rama on March 22, 1876. Alexander signed his attestation papers on May 1, 1916. The then 40 year old Alexander was married to Emily Douglas, and they lived in Rama. In August 1917, after Alexander’s battalion, the 122nd, was absorbed by the Canadian Forestry Depot. Rather than stay with the Canadian Forestry Depot (who were responsible for clearing land of trees for bases and roads, as well as building barracks), Alexander joined the 19th Battalion, CEF, in France. As a result, Alexander fought in the epic Battle of Passchendaele. The Battle of Passchendaele lasted until November of 1917, and shortly after an Orillia Times article states that Alexander Douglas was one of three local soldiers to return home in December of 1917.

Alexander Joseph Douglas passed away on Nov. 27, 1938.

Daniel Fawn

Rama Veterans of WWI

Regiment number 853225 177th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Daniel Fawn was born in Rama in 1891. Born to Charles Fawn and Rose Benson, Daniel’s 9 siblings included Charles, Sarah, and Percy, who also served with the 177th. Daniel married Elizabeth Jane Stinson (daughter of Jabez Stinson and Charlotte Williams) on October 17, 1912 in Rama. They had 10 children, including Sarah Helena, Milton, and Sadie.

25 year old Daniel signed his attestation papers on April 26, 1916. After spending nearly a year in training, Daniel and the rest of the 177th arrived in England, May 14, 1917. The 177th eventually joined the 19th Battalion in France. They then spent the remainder of the war fighting alongside their brothers of the 19th Battalion.

Daniel returned home safely after the conclusion of the war.

Many of his descendents reside in Rama today.

Percy Fawn

George A. Hopkins

Regiment number 409336; 37th Infantry Battalion

George Hopkins was born December 24, 1884, to Benjamin Hopkins and Mary Ann Garnett. The Hopkins were descendents of one of the first non-First Nations settlers in the area. While living in Longford Mills, George enlisted for service. The date was September 11, 1915, and George enlisted as a 29 year old widower, due to the fact that his wife Elizabeth Ingersoll had passed away in December of 1914.

They had three children, Orvil (1908), Alvin (1909), John (1910), and Lyda (1913). George re-married in October of 1915, to Mabel Snake (daughter of Edward and Fannie).

George passed away on June 10, 1931.

Herbert Milton Hopkins

Regiment number 868182; 182 Overseas Battalion

Herbert Hopkins enlisted in the 182nd on April 19, 1916, when he was a mere 16 years old. Like thousands of other young men, it’s likely that Herbert lied about his age in order to serve in the war. Herbert was born August 27, 1900 to Willliam and Annie Hopkins (nee Ego). Herbert’s father William (182nd) and brother Russel (116) also served with the CEF. Herbert returned home from the war after its conclusion, still a boy in age but a man in spirit. Herbert passed away at age 35, on June 14, 1935.

Regiment number 853105; 177th Overseas Battalion CEF

Percy Fawn was born August 21, 1896. The younger brother of Daniel Fawn, Percy’s parents were Charles Fawn and Rose Benson. At the time of enlistment, March 8, 1916, Percy was 20 years old. He was single, and worked as a lumberman at a local mill. Percy joined the 177th in training in 1916. Following training, Percy and the rest of the 177th embarked for England, arriving on May 14, 1917. The 177th soon joined the 19th Battalion in France, Sept. 14, 1917, where they remained until August 10, 1918. They then returned back to Canada.

Percy passed away in March of 1973, at age 77.

Russell Hopkins

Regiment number 745836; 116th Overseas Battalion

Russell Hopkins was born on December 9, 1896, to William and Annie Hopkins (nee Ego). Russell’s siblings were Herbert, Mary, and Alice. Russell enlisted for service at 19, signing his attestation papers on December 27, 1915. At the time, he worked as a chauffeur in Rama. Russell and the 116th supported the Canadian Corps overseas and eventually joined the 3rd Canadian Division. For reasons unknown, Russell was discharged early in 1917. Upon returning home, Russell married Ruth Whetung of Curve Lake. They had a son, Milton, and a daughter, Aileen. Russell and Ruth continued to reside in the Rama area, raising their children as Russel worked as a postmaster.

Rama Veterans of WWI William Henry Hopkins

Regiment number 868223; 182nd Overseas Battalion

William Henry Hopkins was born September 27, 1872. His parents were Benjamin Hopkins and Mary Ann Garnett. William’s ancestors who were amongst the first non-first Nations settlers in the area. William was married to Bonnie May Hopkins, and, like his son Russel, William worked as a postmaster. A 43 year old William signed his attestation papers on May 15, 1916. His sons, Russel and Herbert, had enlisted earlier and war for the Hopkins - like thousands of other families - had become a family affair.

William returned home safely from the war, and worked as a postmaster until his death in 1939, aged 67.

John Jacobs

Regiment Number 763417; 122nd Overseas Battalion

John (Johnny) Jacobs was born in Rama, July 28, 1878. His parents were Charles and Mary Jacobs. John married Sarah Jane Ingersoll (daughter of Alexander Ingersoll and Lucy Bigwind) on December 3rd, 1906. They lived in Longford Mills as well as Muskoka, and John worked as a lumberman. John signed his attestation papers on March 24, 1916 at age 37 in Gravenhurst. Although Rama provided over 40 veterans to the Allied cause, John is the only one who achieved rank higher than Private. John earned the title of Lance Corporal, meaning he was second-in-command of an infantry.

Once he returned back to Canada, John, like his grandfather Peter, became an Anglican pastor, and served around various reserves, including at Walpole Island.

Ernest Stanley Joe

Regiment number 868174; 182nd Overseas Battalion

Ernest Stanley Joe was born in Rama on March 1, 1897.

Ernest’s parents were Delina Agnes Joe and Peter Joe. Ernest lived in Longford Mills with his parents and his siblings: Howard, Irene, Russel, Margaret, and Agnes. Prior to the war, Ernest worked as a labourer. A 19 year old Ernest enlisted for service on April 11, 1916, the same day as his younger brother, Howard.

Ernest returned back to Canada on March 20, 1919. He later married, and lived out his life in Toronto.

Howard Peter Joe

Regiment numbers 868175 and 104017 182 Overseas Battalion, CEF; 240th Overseas Battalion, CEF; 75th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Howard Peter Joe was born on April 1st, 1900, to Peter and Delina Agnes Joe. Howard and his brother Ernest enlisted for war together on April 11, 1916. Both Howard and Ernest soon made their way to the 182nd camp, at Niagara-on-theLake. Six months later, Howard was discharged from service. He had been deemed medically unfit, partially due to enlarged tonsils but primarily because of his age. Although tens of thousands of underage applicants successfully lied their way into service, Howard was unable to. Just 16, Howard’s undoing was his small size: he was only 5’2 and 110lbs.

Howard returned home, but he did not give up on his desire to serve his country in the war.

On April 12, 1917, amidst the frantic battle of Vimy Ridge and nearly a year to the day of his first enlistment, Howard again enlisted for service. Howard changed his birthdate this time, from 1900 to 1899, and he may have thought his newly obtained forearm tattoo would help convince all of his maturity as well. The then 17 year old Howard, 2 inches taller and tattooed, became solider 104107 of the 240th (Lanark-Renfrew) Battalion. With the Allied forces in need of reinforcements, he arrived in England only a month after enlistment, on May 14, 1917. Howard then joined the 42nd Battalion in France, fighting with them until October of 1918.

Battles Howard and the 42nd participated in include The Battle of Amiens (the first battle of The Hundred Days Offensive), and The Battle of Scarpe. Howard went on to serve with the 75th (Missisauga) Battalion.

The 75th fought as part of the 11th Infantry Brigade, 4th Canadian Division. Within the 75th, Howard fought in The Battle of Valenciennes and The Passage of Grande Honelle.

The 75th was a part of the Advance to Victory, right up until armistice on November 11th, 1918.

Howard returned to Canada on May 31, 1919. He was formally discharged on June 8, 1919, and began his postwar civilian life in Hamilton. Howard married Eva Beattie in Toronto on September 17th, 1928. Howard passed away of March of 1930 from haemophilus influenza.

Teenaged brothers and soldiers, Ernest Stanley Joe and Howard Peter Joe

Rama Veterans of WWI

William Martel

Regiment number 853221; 177th Overseas Battalion

William Martell was born on November 5th, 1887, to Louis Martell and Marie Simcoe. William married Jessie Stinson (daughter of Jabez Bunting and Charlotte Stinson) on June 21st, 1911. When he was 28, William enlisted with the 177th Overseas Battalion on April 26, 1916. While most men from the area who enlisted had no prior service experience, William had spent 3 years with the 35th Simcoe Battalion of Infantry - later known as the Simcoe Foresters. While not at camp with the 35th, William worked as a labourer.

In mid-May, less than three weeks after signing his attestation papers, William was in England with his comrades. He soon joined the 19th Battalion, providing much-needed reinforcements. William remained with the 19th Battalion until his discharge in June of 1918. William passed away on April 3rd, 1965.

Hugh Nanigishkung

Regiment number 835098; 177th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Hugh Nanigishkung, son of Charles and Hannah Young, was born December 21st, 1886. He signed his attestation papers on February 25, 1916, when he was 30 years old. Prior to the war, Hugh worked as a labourer in Rama. Hugh served with many other Rama men in the 177th, but was soon discharged from service due to medical reasons. In September of 1918, Hugh married Rosanna Sandy at Christian Island. Hugh passed away in his late 70’s. His relatives and descendents continue to live in Rama today.

Ben Sawyer

Regiment number 643968; 157th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Ben Sawyer was born on December 22nd, 1886. Ben was adopted by his grandparents, Joe and Mary Sawyer. While many soldiers listed their next of kin as parents or relatives, Ben listed his next of kin as his good friend, David Simcoe.

Ben spent his days working in Orillia as a labourer. 29 year old Ben enlisted for service on January 21, 1916, the same day as his brother Sylvester. Ten months later, in October, Ben was in England with the 157th Battalion.

The 116th, situated in France, was in dire need of reinforcements, and Ben was re-assigned to the 116th. He remained with the 116th until August 24th, 1917, taking part in the Battle of Vimy Ridge in April of 1917. Ben suffered an undisclosed injury, and was medically discharged from duty. He returned home to Canada. On May 31, 1919, Ben married Caroline Taylor (daughter of Henry Taylor and Mary Muskrat) of Curve Lake First Nation. Ben passed away on June 8th, 1969.

Sylvester Everett Sawyer

Regiment number 643966; 157th Overseas Battalion

Sylvester Sawyer was born on May 17, 1878. Like his brother Ben, Sylvester was adopted by his grandparents, Joe and Mary Sawyer. Sylvester lived in Rama, and like many other Rama men of the day, he worked as a guide. On June 3, 1916, a just a few weeks before he enlisted for duty, he married Laura Irons of Curve Lake. 38 year old Sylvester enlisted in the 157th(Simcoe Foresters) Battalion, June 26, 1916, the same day as his brother Ben. Shortly after arrival in England, the 157th was broken up as men were re-assigned to other units needing reinforcements in preparation for the Battle of Vimy Ridge. After the war, Sylvester and Laura, now living in Mud Lake, had two daughters: Mary Ann and Eliza Jane.

Sylvester passed away from pneumonia in 1936, aged 58.

Albert Leroy Shilling

Regiment number 853096; 177th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Born August 6, 1897, to Jerimiah Shilling and Mary Elliot.

Albert’s brothers were Silas and Ambrose Shilling, and he had a sister named Laura. He was an 18 year old single labourer living in Rama when he signed his attestation papers on February 26, 1916. Albert spent over a year in training prior to leaving for England. He arrived on May 14th, 1917, and joined the 19th Battalion in September of 1917. Albert fought throughout France with the 19th Battalion until April 4, 1919.

He finally returned home on May 22nd, 1919.

Arthur Shilling

Regiment number 853773, 177th Overseas Battalion

Arthur Shilling was born March 22nd, 1900, to William Shilling and Susan Wesley. Arthur had several siblings, including Eva, Lavina, and Ephriam. He enlisted for war on February 12, 1917.

Arthur enlisted himself as “William Hill”, and he stated that his date of birth was March 15, 1896. Arthur, like thousands of other underage soldiers, lied about his true age and identity in order to be eligible to serve his country at war. Arthur’s height (5’11”) and demeanour likely fooled recruiters, who were desperate for reinforcements abroad. In this era, recruiters were unable to verify identification in a multitude of ways as they can today. A solider simply stated his age, and if he looked close to it, he was accepted. At the time, the 17 year old Arthur was a labourer and lived in Orillia. Arthur’s desire to serve Canada at war materialized, and he and the rest of the 177th Battalion joined the 19th Battalion in battle throughout France. Many men, although under Arthur Shilling died on October 8, 1920, aged 20, from unspecified war-related injury and illness. Arthur is buried on Rama’s Chief Island Cemetery.

Rama Veterans of WWI

James (Jim) St. Germain

Regiment number 853220; 177th Overseas Battalion, CEF

James (Jim) Edward St. Germain was born in Rama on July 5, 1896. Jim joined his two brothers, Owen and Barney, in the 177th Overseas Battalion, enlisting on April 26, 1916. At the time, he was 20, single, and working as a labourer while living in Orillia.

James returned home from the war in 1918. On June 16, 1929, Jim married Helena Jones of Shawanaga in Sudbury.

They had a child, Helen in 1936, however Helen passed away at a very young age . They lived in the Muskoka and Parry Sound areas throughout the 30’s and 40’s. Jim’s relatives continue to live in the area today.

Owen Oscar St. Germain

Regiment number 853123; 177th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Owen Oscar St. Germain was born on June 17th, 1894 to James and Emma St. Germain (nee Charles). Owen was the oldest of the three St. Germain brothers to serve in World War One, and he enlisted with his brother Barney, on March 2nd, 1916. At the time, Owen was a 22 year old lumberman living in Orillia, working at one of the local mills. Owen arrived in England over a year after enlisting, in May of 1917, and was promptly thrust into duty with the rest of the 177th. Owen remained overseas until 1918.

In 1924, Owen travelled to Sault St. Marie, Michigan, to live with his stepfather Patrick Gethons. Owen passed away in the 1960’s.

Alfred Davis Stinson

Joseph’s parents were Joseph and Elizabeth Stinson. He married Victoria Williams, and together they had two children: Joseph (born 1917) and Madeleine (born 1920).

Joe enlisted for duty on April 24th, 1916. At the time, Joseph was 33 and farmed in Rama. Joe was overseas until May 9th, 1919, when he and his comrades boarded a ship in Liverpool, England destined for Halifax. He would arrive back in Canada safely, and at last be able to spend time with his young family.

Robert Stinson

Regiment number 763604; 122nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

The 122nd Battalion, also known as the Muskoka Battalion, was based out of Huntsville, ON, and recruited exclusively from the Muskoka region. The 122nd completed their training and embarked for Britain in June of 1917. A week after arriving, the 122nd was absorbed by the Canadian Forestry Depot, CEF. Robert Stinson was born February 25, 1893 to Jabez Bunting Stinson and Charlotte Williams. Robert’s siblings were Alfred, Eliza, and Jessie. 23 year old Robert, with his brother Alfred, enlisted for service with the 122nd Battalion on April 20th, 1916.

Another musician, Robert was also assigned to bandsman duties. Robert, his brother Alfred, and the rest of the brass band would play for their comrades in somber times, or even in between action and regular duties. Robert returned home on March 1st, 1919.

Robert and Mildred Wesley had a child together in 1933, however that child died soon after birth. Robert continued to reside in the Rama area for the remainder of his life.

Regiment number 763603; 122nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

Alfred Stinson was born on October 29th, 1885 to Jabez Bunting Stinson and Charlotte Williams. One of four children, Alfred’s siblings were Robert, Eliza, and Jessie. Alfred and his brother, Robert, enlisted with the 122nd in Gravenhurst together on April 20th, 1916. At the time, Alfred was a 30 year old labourer. Alfred had a unique role in the war: he was a bandsman. Bandsmen formed brass bands within their respective battalions, and they were tasked with the unenviable duty of cheering up their comrades with music, as well as performing during quieter times.

Alfred was married to Emma Stinson (nee Gendron) on March 11th, 1906. They had two children, Mary Jane (born 1907) and Sandford Frederick (born 1909). Alfred passed away at the age of 39 in 1923.

Joseph Stinson

Regiment number 763631; 122nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

Joseph (Joe) Stinson was born on March 18th, 1883.

Herbert Wellington Williams

Regiment number 643993; 157th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Herbert “Bert” Wellington Williams, a son of Thomas Williams and Sophia Lute, enlisted for war on January 26th, 1916. Born in 1894, the then 25 year old Bert was a single labourer living in Rama. Ten months after enlistment, Bert arrived in England with the 157th. On March 20th, 1917, Bert’s battalion was absorbed by the 116th in France. A few weeks later, the 116th took part in the epic Battle of Vimy Ridge. Those who survived were then re-assigned to battalions needing reinforcements following heavy losses at Vimy.

Bert returned home on July 12th, 1919. On March 6th, 1919, Bert married Adelaine Taylor of Curve Lake. They were wed in Peterborough, and resided in the area in the years to follow.

Herbert worked as a trapper in Peterborough up until his death at age 32 in 1929.

Rama Veterans of WWI

William Simcoe

Regiment number 643695; 157th Overseas Battalion, CEF

William Simcoe was born in Curve Lake on April 16, 1893 to David Simcoe and Charlotte Taylor. William was the brother of Wellington, John, David, and Benjamin. When William enlisted for service, on January 28, 1916, he was a 22 year old single labourer and lived in Rama.

William arrived in England on October 28th, 1916, and soon joined the 116th Overseas Battalion in France. William was stationed in France from March 20th, 1917 to August 30th, 1918. William then returned home to Rama. On July 2nd, 1920, William married Alma Jacobs in Rama. They soon had two children: son, Murdock, and a daughter, Plais Geraldine.

William spent the rest of his days working as a labourer and a farmer in Rama.

Williams descendents and relatives continue to reside in Rama today.

George Daniel Snache

Regiment number 763605; 122nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

George Daniel Snache was born on April 8th, 1889 to Fanny Snache (nee Sandy) and Edward Snache. George was one of 12 children, and two of his brothers, Norman and Edward, also served in World War One. George enlisted with the 122nd Overseas Battalion in Gravenhurst on April 20, 1916. Aged 35, George was a single man residing in Rama, working as a labourer. Like many men, George was probably enticed to enlist by the prospect of a decent pay, overseas travel, and honour in serving his country.

George travelled overseas with his brother, Norman, and the rest of the 122nd in June 1917. After toiling away in the Canadian Forest Depot, George was discharged and returned home. On September 18, 1918, George married Elizabeth Douglas (daughter of his comrade Alex Douglas) in Barrie.

They had several children including Irene Helen, born in 1920, Manley, born in 1922, and Dorothy, born in 1927.

George and Elizabeth lived in Rama for the remainder of their lives. George passed away in 1948, aged 59, and Elizabeth passed away in 1985, aged 88.

Norman Snache

Regiment number 763639; 122nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

Norman Snache was born on November 10th, 1892. His parents were Edward Snache and Fanny Snake (nee Sandy).

Two of Norman’s four brothers, Edward and George, also served in World War One, with George serving within the same battalion. 24 year old Norman enlisted one week after his older brother George, on April 27, 1916.

Shortly after enlisting, Norman married Phoebe Charles (daughter of Jacob Charles and Mary Porte). They married on August 9th, 1916, in Rama. Phoebe was the sister of Norman’s sister-in-law, Martha Jane Charles. Their first child, born in 1917, passed away at 3 months of age. Frances Lavina, born in 1921, passed away at 15 from pneumonia

Bernard St. Germain

Regiment number 853116; 177th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Bernard (also known as Barney) St. Germain enlisted in the 177th (Simcoe Foresters) Battalion, March 2, 1916, the same day as his older brother Owen. At the time, he was single, 17, a lumberman, and living in Orillia. Bernard was born in Rama in 1901 to James and Emma St. Germain (nee Charles). On May 14, 1917, just over a year after enlisting, Bernard arrived in England. He would remain at war abroad until November 22, 1918. Bernard then returned home safely to Canada.

Bernard later married Mamie St. Germain and together they had 7 children: Cecilia (oldest) George, Jim, Lottie, Joe, John and Dalton (youngest). Many of Barney’s ancestors live in Rama today.

James Edward St. Germain

Regiment number 763636; 122nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

James Edward St. Germain was born on June 16th, 1887 to Mary St. Germain. James’ sisters were Agnes and Mary Anne.

He enlisted for service on April 25th, 1916, and on May 27, 1919, James returned to Canada. Shortly after in 1920, a 33 year old James Edward married 19 year old Marjorie. James and Marjorie had 7 children together, who were: daughters Marcella Norma (passed in 2012), Marie, and Ruby Verna (passed in 2010), and sons Gary, Gordon, James Clifford, and George. James retired as a labourer in the 1950’s, and he and Marjorie moved from Regent Street in Orillia to Parliament street in Rosedale, ON. James passed away on May 5, 1968, and Marjorie passed away 5 years later in 1973.

Rama Veterans of WWI

Clarence George Shilling

Regiment number unknown; 122nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

Clarence Shilling was born on March 12, 1895, to Jacob and Mary Shilling (nee Wesley). He had 7 siblings: Eliza, Frank, Mervin, Lillie, Rose, Herbert, and Alder. Prior to the war, Clarence and Priscella Evelyn Snake conceived a child together.

Clarence signed his attestation papers, and set off for camp.

Clarence and the 122nd were training at their camp in the Huntsville area when typhoid fever swept through the area.

Clarence contracted the illness and was hospitalized. He succumbed to the illness in March 1916, after battling it for nearly a month.

The child Clarence and Priscella conceived, whom he never met, was named George Clarence Snake. Clarence and George’s descendents live on in the community of Rama today.

Herbert Shilling

Regiment number 763589; 122nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

Herbert Shilling was born on May 20th,1898. Herbert was one of the 8 children of Jacob and Mary Shilling. 17 year old Herbert signed his attestation papers on April 19, 1916, the same day as his brother Clarence. Prior to the war, Herbert worked as a labourer while living in Rama.

Herbert returned home safely from the war in February of 1919, and he went back to work as a labourer. Herbert and Emma York had a child together on July 8th, 1934. His name was Arnold James Shilling. He passed away from pneumonia just after turning one.

Herbert lived in Rama for the remainder of his life, passing away in his 70’s.

Benjamin Simcoe

Regiment number 643967; 177th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Benjamin Simcoe was born on January 1st, 1891 in Peterborough, Ontario. Benjamin’s father was David Simcoe, and his mother was Charlotte Taylor (from Curve Lake). He was one of five sons: his brothers were Wellington, David, John, and William. When Ben enlisted on January 20th, 1916, he was assigned to the 157th Overseas Battalion but was later transferred to the 177th. At the time, Benjamin was a 25 year old labourer living in Rama, and he was married to the widowed Delina Agnes Joe. Delina was 11 years Benjamin’s junior - aged 36 - when they married. This occurred on March 7th, 1916, shortly before Benjamin and the 177th departed for England. Benjamin’s marrying of Delina meant he was stepfather to Howard and Ernest Joe, both of whom served overseas as well.

Upon arriving in England, he was assigned 116th Battalion, and in 1918, he was awarded the Military Medal for bravery in the field. The July 31, 1919, Orillia Times reports that Private Ben Simcoe, “returned last week on the Regina. Private Simcoe rendered excellent service overseas in recognition of which he was awarded the Military Medal, and later the bar to it as well”. The Military Medal is described as being “awarded for individual or associated acts of bravery on the recommendation of a Commander-in-Chief in the field.”

Benjamin arrived back in Canada in July of 1919, 8 months after armistice, as Rama’s most decorated World War One veteran. His descendents and relatives live on in Rama today.

Wellington Simcoe

Regiment number 868158; 182nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

James Shilling

Regiment number 739293; 114th Overseas Battalion, CEF

James Shilling was the son of Joe and Amy Shilling. Born on March 23, 1890, he was the younger brother of Richard, Charles and John. James lived in Rama, working as a labourer, but also spent time (1909-1915) serving with the 23rd Regiment. The 23rd Regiment, also known as The Northern Pioneers, were placed on active protection duty in the Huntsville area in 1914. They soon joined the 122nd Battalion, however 25 year old James enlisted earlier than his comrades by travelling to 6 Nations to join the 114th on March 6, 1916. James did not serve for long before being medically discharged from service.

He returned home to Rama, and lived in the region for the remainder of his life.

Wellington Simcoe was born in Rama in 1897, to David Simcoe and Charlotte Taylor. He was a brother of William, Benjamin, John, and David. Wellington enlisted for service on April 13, 1916, a few months after his brothers Benjamin and William. At the time, he was, 19, a labourer and living in Rama. A possible reason for Wellington’s delayed enlistment is the fact that he married Sara Victoria Williams in January 1916. He likely would have wanted to spend some time with his new wife prior to embarking for war overseas.

Wellington Simcoe was wounded in war in the summer of 1917, and returned home in late March of 1918. Wellington lived in Rama and Muskoka for the rest of his life, passing away around 80 years old.

Rama Veterans of WWI

Levi Williams

Regiment number 763638; 122nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

Levi Williams was one of 9 children of Alfred Williams and Louisa Knott. Born on February 17th, 1898, Levi resided in Rama, and worked as a labourer. He enlisted for service on April 27th, 1916, signing his attestation papers in Gravenhurst where the 122nd Overseas Battalion were recruiting. Although only 16, it appears that Levi did serve overseas, safely returning home in 1919 and resuming work as a labourer.

Levi never married, and passed away at age 36 on July 7th, 1936. Levi Williams’ relatives live on today in Rama and beyond.

Frank York

War One’s commencement. Not long after Thomas arrived in England with the 76th was he “invalided to Canada” for further medical treatment. Thomas York had been wounded, and returned home to Rama to recover.

Thomas York, nephew of former Chief Alder York, spent his days as a trapper and labourer in Rama and the surrounding areas. The son of Peter York and Nina St. Clair Wesley, Thomas York was married to Gertrude York (nee Williams), daughter of Richard Williams and Rebecca Anderson. They married on September 19, 1915, only five days before he enlisted for World War 1. Thomas and Gertrude had two children, but unfortunately both children passed away within their first year of life.

Thomas York had many siblings, and his relatives live on in Rama today.

Regiment number 853506; 177th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Frank York was born in Rama in 1896. A son of Peter York and Nina St. Clair Wesley, Frank’s siblings included brothers Thomas, Allen, and Andrew. Frank signed his attestation papers on June 3rd, 1916 at 20 years old. One year later, Frank arrived in England with his comrades in the 177th.

Frank returned home safely in 1918, and lived in Rama for the remainder of his life.

Isaac Almer York

Regiment number 868410; 182nd Overseas Battalion, CEF

Isaac Almer York was born in Scugog on February 19th, 1899. His parents were James and Rachel York, and he had several siblings, including Wellington, Hazel, John, Mannie, George, Sussana, and Lulella. Just 17, Isaac enlisted for service overseas on November 8th, 1916. Originally assigned to the 182nd, Isaac was soon re-assigned to the 3rd Canadian Reserve Battalion.

Isaac was one of over 3,700 prisoners of war in World War 1. It is unknown exactly how and where Isaac was captured, however he was released on January 4th, 1919, 3 months after armistice. Isaac returned home and was discharged on March 27th, 1919. Isaac passed away on September 2nd, 1968, at the age of 69.

Thomas York

Regiment number 142337; 76th Overseas Battalion, CEF

Thomas York enlisted in the 76th Infantry Battalion on September 24, 1915 at the age of 23. He was the first man from Rama to enlist, likely due to his extensive experience with the 23rd Regiment (The Northern Pioneers) prior to World

If you noticed any wrong information in this and the previous pages, please let us know! Or, if you have more to add, please feel free to share.

Please note: WWII files are still private. Due to the time that has passed since WWI, we were able to access all of the WWI veterans service files. Once WWII files are made available to the public, we will conduct similar research for Rama’s WWII veterans.

Rama Veterans of WWI

The following are letters received at the Rama Day School. Children sent gifts to the soldiers from Rama who were overseas, and on January 25th, 1917, the teacher and children received two letters:

“I have the greatest pleasure in writing these few lines to let you know that we got the letters from you and your pupils. We were glad, and it was entertaining reading them. We will be very glad to get the presents that you are sending us. We know they are on their way now. Well, we like this country very much, only we had wet weather for a couple of weeks. We didn’t see a sun all that time. When we went to London, we were up to London Tower. We saw what we never see in Canada, and I am sorry we don’t get a pass again. I would be very glad to meet that Sergeant-Major. I was looking for him at Bramshott and I couldn’t find him. Well, we’re taking musketry. We’ll finish that next week, so we’ll be ready to meet the Germans. I will send you the Weekly Mirror. I know you’ll be glad to see it. I haven’t time to answer all the letters from the children, but I’ll send some cards next week. I’ll write again soon.”

Private Bert Williams

“Again I am sending a few lines to you to tell you we are all well at present. Of course myself, I got a bad cold mostly right along, and also good many of the boys. I guess the climate up here don’t agree with us, and I know the weather is often changeable this time of the year, and I guess you ought to know.

Thank you for the Christmas parcel. I received it yesterday, and I am really sorry that parcel was undone when it reached me. I got the other things, all o.k. except the socks. I am really sorry for them. I got mine first, before the other boys. Their’s might be all right. I am using this notepaper that you sent me, and also the lead pencil. I also sent some post cards to the pupils who wrote to me from Rama. I saw where they keep lots of deer near London, and we saw that tower clock on Westminster Bridge– Big Ben. In London, to go to picture shows, we are just too busy sizing up the big buildings. Only once we went to a picture show since we came to England, and it was last night, in the little town of Godalming. It is only three miles from Witley and it is just a nice little walk for the evening. I never thought to fill this paper-note when I started to write to you. Do you have much news from Bert and perhaps better? I think when you read this letter we will be somewhere in France. We received a call some time ago last week and so we are busy getting ready for France. Today we received a draft of 200 men to fill our battalion, but we are not drilling much now, only once in a while. When we go, I will drop a card to someone at home to let them know. Every time the bugle band plays the tune of “Pack up your troubles in your old kit bag, and smile, smile, smile,” my it makes me think of home.”

Private Ben Sawyer

From the Archives: Mzinaazwinan pictures

Above left: The Rama School & Council Hall, built 1891. Right: Original drawings for the School Room & Council Hall. Below: One of the first classes at the Rama School. This school preceded the Rama Day School, built early 1900’s.

An early class photo at the original school room, late 1890’s.

UCCA 1990.162P1480 Children standing in front of the old school at the Rama Indian Mission

From the Archives: Mzinaazwinan pictures

“Jean”, a Rama girl adopted by the school missionary.

UCCA 1990.162P1483 Jean little Indian girl adopted by the Missionary at the Rama Indian Mission

The Rama day school opened in the early 1900’s and closed in 1963. After 1963, our children took the school bus to Orillia.

Unknown Rama policeman in front of school UCCA 1990.162P1484 Native policeman on the Rama Indian Mission

Emelius Benson in front of the Day School

UCCA 1990.162P1482 Amelius Benson in entrance class, school of the Rama Indian Mission in background

A class in front of the original school room, late 1890’s

UCCA 1990.162P1479 Children standing in front of the old school at the Rama Indian Mission

Gladys Benson in front of the day school

UCCA 1990.162P1481 Gladus Benson in front of the old school at the Rama Indian Mission

The Rama day school

gchi miigwech for reading!