Auto Advisor EV Edition

Beyond the Wheel:

UMO’s VEMI Lab develops Human-Centric Solutions for the Road Ahead

BY EMILY BAER

As auto manufacturers continue to develop and refine autonomous vehicle (AV) technologies, it often feels like the future of driving is out of our hands. Increasingly, driverless cars are being tested in urban centers and tech hubs; these practical experiments are teaching us, in real time, what these innovations can offer communities in terms of safety improvements, efficiencies, and opportunities for accessibility across diverse populations. But too often there’s a key element missing: humans. For researchers at the University of Maine’s VEMI Lab, this presents an exciting opportunity for creative thinking and adaptive problem solving.

“A lot of our research is based on the idea that yes, this technology is great and the safety improvements are fantastic,” explains VEMI director Dr. Richard Corey. “But a lot of times what is being developed is done without a sense of what a real human may or may not need within it.”

VEMI’s focus on ‘human-vehicle collaboration’ addresses those gaps and their work is making a tangible impact on how AI technologies are developed. Increasingly, their research has caught the attention of industry insiders, policy experts, and the federal government.

Founded in 2008, VEMI has long been devoted to exploring the intersection of human behavior and technology to solve unmet challenges. By leveraging diverse, interdisciplinary perspectives they help develop solutions to technologies that prioritize accessibility for all users.

In 2022, VEMI’s Autonomous Vehicle Research (AVR) Group participated in the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Inclusive Design Challenge (IDC). UMaine researchers developed “Ava,” an Autonomous Vehicle Assistant, and ultimately claimed third place in the competition, receiving national recognition and a $300,000 award.

In the years since, the AVR group has focused on understanding how autonomous vehicles need to accommodate and interact with their human users, building on

relationships that were catalyzed through the competition. Corey and his team see a unique opportunity for Maine to lead research in this field.

“When we started this work, the vast majority of advancements in the field were based on engineering developments,” says Postdoctoral Research Associate Paul Fink. “We are interested in how the technology is being designed to help those who are poised to benefit from it the most. We are focused on the human side of things.”

The AVR group is particularly interested in exploring autonomous vehicle applications in rural communities, for low or no vision users, and for those with limited mobility. “We want to explore how we make these systems work well for all people, but especially those who are most excited to have opportunities, autonomy, and mobility that they otherwise don’t have.”

As a rural state with an aging population, Maine is ideally suited for autonomous vehicle testing. “AV has the potential to provide independence for people, particularly older folks, who want to live on their own but don’t want to live in urban centers. Unfortunately a lot of the testing right now is happening in cities,” says Fink.

At the same time, Maine weather presents ample opportunities for refinement. Many of the cities where testing occurs today are in warm, arid climes but manufacturers will need to contend with diverse weather patterns and events. In that sense, Maine’s four seasons are an incredible asset. “You might not think that our weather would have much of an impact, but then suddenly you realize that computer vision gets a little squirrely when you have a bunch of yellow leaves and dotted yellow road lines,” explains Corey. “Not to mention snow. Snow can really throw a computer off.”

Few other states are invested in exploring these practical challenges, but there is increasing urgency to do so. The AVR group at UMaine is at the forefront of this research, with growing collaborations with industry innovators and increased visibility in the field. “This is the place to do this work,” says Corey. “This is where this research needs to happen.”

EV or Plug-in Hybrid — Choosing What’s Right For You

BY CASHEL STEWART

What you think about electric vehicles may be wrong. They’ve become more affordable and can travel greater distances than ever.

In fact, we’re living in a golden age of automotive innovation. Consumers can choose from more than 100 electric vehicle models. Most are available right here in Maine, and they come in various price points, makes, models, ranges, and buying incentives.

Let’s dig into some of the choices to help you consider your options.

First, decide if you want a vehicle that runs exclusively on battery power or a plug-in hybrid with both a conventional internal combustion engine and an electric motor.

Battery-only electric vehicles have large battery packs that allow for significant range. Charging stations have more than doubled in Maine since 2019. With fast charging available on travel corridors throughout the state, longer trips are possible.

Some popular models include the Subaru Solterra (222 miles, $44,995), Nissan LEAF SV (212 miles, $36,190),

Tesla Model 3 (341 miles, $38,990), Hyundai Ioniq 6 (240 miles, $37,500), and Kia EV6 (310 miles, $48,500).

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have a smaller battery pack and a conventional gasoline-powered engine that kicks in when battery power is drained. These small battery packs allow for all-electric trips around town but give drivers ease and peace of mind for longer trips. Some popular models include the Toyota Prius Prime (45 miles, $32,975), the Mitsubishi Outlander (38 miles, $40,345), the Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid (32 miles, $53,425), and the Ford Escape (37 miles, $40,500).

Both kinds of electric vehicles—plug-in hybrids and battery-only—qualify for a federal tax credit worth up to $7,500, applied instantly at the time of sale. While some manufacturers are no longer eligible for this credit, purchasing many EVs will earn you the full credit. Efficiency Maine adds an instant rebate worth up to $7,500 for EV models under $50,000. Many manufacturers offer direct rebates and discounts for their new EV models.

Used EVs are becoming more readily available as new models flood the market. While the technology of some used models can be dated, they’re capable of meeting most people’s daily trip needs. The same federal tax credits and Efficiency Maine rebates are available for used EVs, too!

Whether you drive a sedan, a minivan or an SUV, whether you want to buy used or new, whether you want to go with a battery-only or hybrid, there’s an electric vehicle out there for just about everybody.

Cashel Stewart is a Regional Transportation Planner at the Greater Portland Council of Governments. Cashel helps manage and develop electric vehicle programs and policies in Maine.

Maine Clean Communities team members Alexandrea Merchant (left), Jonathan Gagne and Sara Mills-Knapp pose with a Kia Niro EV, an all-electric vehicle with a driving range of 253 miles.

Darling’s EV Lab at UTC Training Tomorrow’s

Automotive Technicians in Today’s EV Technology

A NOTE FROM DARLING’S TALENT DEVELOPMENT MANAGER, KIM COTTA

In 2003, as a high school junior, I joined the automotive program at United Technologies Center (UTC). I knew nothing about car repair but was motivated to fix my own clunker. Thanks to an amazing instructor, I rebuilt my car’s engine by the end of the school year, solidifying my passion for the auto industry. At the same time my incredible instructor arranged for me to Job-shadow at Darling’s Ford VW Audi. After meeting the friendly crew at Darling’s, I knew I wanted to join the team. For many years I thrived as a VW/Audi Team Service Manager at Darling’s, while at the same time always wanting to find a way to give back to my school.

Now, in a new role at Darling’s, I recruit and develop talent. Faced with the complexity of modern vehicle repairs, I wanted to find a way to expose students to new technology at the high school level. After much research, I discovered the Switch EV Lab. Their street-legal 96v electric vehicle kit, complete with curriculum, became the perfect tool. To make a positive change, and to keep up with the ever-evolving world of electric vehicle (EV) technology, Darling’s leadership team saw the value and donated the Switch EV kit to UTC, a school known for its innovation and forward-thinking.

Darling’s didn’t stop with the Switch EV kit. To bring the program to life, Ben Schaller, a skilled Ford Master Technician at Darling’s Ford, an EV enthusiast, and a proud UTC Alumni, attended an intensive seven-day training program at the Switch EV headquarters in California. Ben learned about the vehicle and how to guide a group of students through the process. Together with UTC EV Technologies Instructor, Ron Canarr, Ben played a key role in successfully launching the after-school program at the newly outfitted Darling’s EV Lab. Under Ben and Ron’s guidance, six students worked together four days a week for two hours after school to complete the Switch EV build in five weeks. They learned about steering, suspension, brakes, and electricity, emphasizing troubleshooting and teamwork.

In the end… students drove laps around the school in the fully assembled Switch during the celebration night! UTC plans a full curriculum around the Switch EV kit for 2024/2025, with enthusiastic student interest. I’m excited to nurture Darling’s relationship with UTC offering job-shadowing and employment opportunities for future talents, just like the opportunities I had years ago.

Kim Cotta — Talent Development Manager Darling’s Auto Group

Learn More...

Hear directly from students, instructors, faculty, and members of Darling’s team in a video highlighting the launch of Bangor’s Darling’s EV Lab. If you or someone you know is interested in career opportunities at Darling’s, please visit https://www.darlings.com/careers.htm.

To learn more about student opportunities at UTC, please visit https://www.utc4me.org/ .

Browse Our Inventory...

To browse our complete inventory of over 125 new electric, hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles, please visit darlings.com.

With eight dealerships located in Ellsworth, Bangor, Newport, Augusta, and Brunswick, from sales to parts & service, Darling’s is committed to keeping you on the road, in a vehicle you love.

You’ll do better at Darling’s.

Now in 2024, Kim is pictured with Ben Schaller, Ron Canarr and the inaugural class of the Darling’s EV Lab proudly showcasing the EV Switch they built together as a team.

Photo courtesy of Darling’s

Kim Cotta pictured here in 2004, when her studies at UTC paved the way for her career with Darling’s Photo courtesy of Darling’s

Embracing the Future: Choosing Between EVs and PHEV Hybrids

COURTESY OF QUIRK AUTO GROUP

The automotive industry is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by environmental concerns and technological advancements. As we stand at the cusp of this next generation of transportation, the choice between electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) has become increasingly pertinent. Both options offer significant reductions in emissions, making them attractive prospects for environmentally-conscious consumers. However, deciding which one suits your lifestyle best requires careful consideration of various factors.

EV vs. Hybrid: Tailoring Your Choice to Your Maine Lifestyle

The decision between an EV and a PHEV Hybrid hinges largely on your driving habits and lifestyle. If you have a shorter commute and primarily use your vehicle for urban travel, an EV might be the ideal choice. EVs eliminate tailpipe emissions entirely, offering a clean and quiet driving experience. On the other hand, if your Maine lifestyle involves frequent long-distance trips, off-road adventure or you require more flexibility in terms of refueling, a PHEV hybrid could be the better option. PHEVs combine an electric motor with a gasoline engine, offering extended range and the convenience of refueling at gas stations.

Consumer Incentives: Encouraging Sustainable Choices

The transition to electric and hybrid vehicles is further incentivized by government programs and rebates. US federal tax credits are available for both EVs and PHEVs, reducing the upfront cost of purchase, as much as $7,500 in rebates! In addition, Efficiency Maine offers rebates on EVs starting at $2,000 and PHEV hybrid rebates starting at $1,000 (additional rebates available based on income).

Battery Range: Addressing Range Anxiety

One of the primary concerns for potential EV and PHEV buyers is range anxiety – the fear of running out of battery power before reaching their destination. While EVs have made significant strides in battery technology, offering increasingly longer

ranges estimated as high as 410 miles per charge, PHEVs provide a practical solution for those who require greater flexibility. PHEVs combine the benefits of electric propulsion with the reassurance of a gasoline engine, offering a seamless transition between electric and hybrid modes with a much lower miles per charge than a pure EV. However, it’s essential to consider your typical driving patterns and ensure that the vehicle’s battery range meets your needs. Keep in mind, Maine winters can be COLD and these estimated battery ranges are based on optimal weather conditions, not typical Maine weather, for sure.

For details on home charging, visit Versant or CMP websites. There are many apps and websites to learn about public charging stations for your EV or PHEV hybrid.

Summary: Making an Informed Decision

In conclusion, choosing between an EV and a PHEV hybrid requires careful evaluation of your lifestyle, driving habits, and environmental priorities. Both options offer significant benefits in terms of reducing emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. While EVs are ideal for urban commuters and those with shorter driving ranges, PHEVs provide a practical solution for longer trips and greater flexibility. It’s crucial to consider all the variables and weigh the pros and cons before making your decision.

Consult Your Local Dealer for Expert Advice

For those considering the switch to electric or hybrid vehicles, consulting with automotive experts can provide invaluable guidance. Your local Quirk Auto Group dealer, with locations in Augusta, Bangor, Belfast, Portland, and Rockland, can offer comprehensive information and assistance in choosing the right EV or PHEV hybrid for your needs, inform you about the financial rebates available from US Federal Government, Efficiency Maine Rebates and from the vehicle manufacturers. With their expertise and wide range of options, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your lifestyle and environmental values. Embrace the future of transportation by investing in a cleaner, more sustainable vehicle today.

Mercedes EQS Sedan | Photo courtesy of mbusa.com

Home Charging Satisfaction a Bright Spot among Electric Vehicle Owners, J.D. Power Finds

COURTESY OF TROY, MICH. – BUSINESS WIRE

While the public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EV) 1 faces a myriad of growing pains, home charging offers a much more satisfying experience for owners, according to the J.D. Power 2024 U.S. Electric Vehicle Experience (EVX) Home Charging Study, SM released today. Overall satisfaction scores among owners in all three home charging segments 2 increase year over year, led by Level 1 portable chargers (+20 points on a 1,000-point scale); Level 2 permanently mounted home chargers (+4); and Level 2 portable charging stations (+2).

“In contrast to public charging, home charging is the ultimate convenience for owners to charge their EV,” said Brent Gruber, executive director of the EV practice at J.D. Power. “Home charging is the most satisfying aspect of owning an EV, which is why all parties in the EV ecosystem need to take the necessary steps to ensure that residential charging is available for current and potential EV owners alike. Incentives and programs are also available to offset the cost of charger installations, upgrades and management of ongoing charging costs, but too few EV shoppers are taking advantage of these offerings. The industry needs to do a much better job with consumer education and awareness, and dealers are certainly in the best position to fill that role at a local level.”

Following are key findings of the 2024 study:

• Gap in satisfaction: Although satisfaction with Level 1 portable chargers has improved 20 points this year, the gap between it and Level 2 permanently mounted charging stations is still significant (581 vs. 744, respectively). In comparison, overall satisfaction with Level 2 portable chargers is 735. Combined, Level 2 portable and Level 2 permanently mounted charging stations are utilized by 84% of all EV owners who charge their vehicle at home.

• Charging speed remains a key differentiator: Charging speed is the most substantial differentiating factor of owner satisfaction between Level 1 and Level 2 chargers. Level 1 portable chargers have the lowest satisfaction for charging speed (325), while satisfaction increases to 649 for Level 2 portable chargers and 682 for Level 2 permanently mounted chargers.

• EVs in all charging segments have more problems: Despite gains in overall satisfaction, EVs in all three charging segments see year-over-year increases in overall problems among owners. Owners of Level 2 portable chargers experience an increase of 6.6 problems per 100 chargers (PP100), on average, from the previous year. The most common problem among all owners is that the internet or Wi-Fi connection either did not work or is difficult to use. Additionally, slower than normal charging speed is a particular problem with Level 1 portable chargers (8.6 PP100).

• Bidirectional charging shows viability: Unlike most existing EV charging technology that sends energy only in one direction—from a power source to the vehicle battery—bidirectional charging allows the vehicle to send energy for use by other devices in the home, or it can be potentially returned to the grid to offset consumer energy costs and help balance peak electrical demands. Among owners of premium EVs, 35% are interested in and willing to pay extra for such charging, while 29% of mass market owners say the same.

• Minimal awareness of utility programs: Nearly half (49%) of EV owners say they are unaware of the programs offered by their electric utility and 18% say their electric utility does not offer any programs. Educating owners on local utility programs is in the interest of both automakers and home charger manufacturers. For example, among Level 2 charger owners who use financial incentives for installation, satisfaction is notably higher for cost of charging (+18 points) and fairness of retail price (+15) than among those who do not use incentives.

Study Ranking:

While the study examines the home charging experience of EV owners across all three charger segments, only the Level 2 permanently mounted charging station segment is award eligible this year.

Tesla ranks highest among Level 2 permanently mounted charging stations for a fourth consecutive year, with a score of 790. Emporia (764) ranks second and GRIZZL-E (761) ranks third.

The U.S. Electric Vehicle Experience (EVX) Home Charging Study, now in its fourth year, is driven by a collaboration with PlugShare, the leading EV driver app maker and research firm. This study sets the standard for benchmarking satisfaction with the critical attributes that affect the total or overall EV home charging experience for both battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs).

Satisfaction is measured across eight factors: fairness of retail price; cord length; size of charger; ease of winding/storing cable; cost of charging; charging speed; ease of use; and reliability. These factors provide a comprehensive assessment of the owner experience and charger performance. Respondents include 15,617 owners of 2018-2024 model year BEVs and PHEVs. The study was fielded from December 2023 through February 2024.

For more information about the U.S. Electric Vehicle Experience (EVX) Home Charging Study, visit https://www.jdpower.com/business/automotive/electric-vehicle-experience-evx-home-charging-study.

Rebates can make buying an EV more affordable

The growing visibility of electric vehicles (EVs) on the road is hard to ignore. Whereas EVs were once an anomaly that sparked the curiosity of drivers accustomed to gas-powered vehicles, the cars and trucks that rely on electricity to zoom from one spot to the next are now so commonplace that they can easily go unnoticed. There’s no denying the popularity of EVs, and that figures to increase in the years to come. Drivers who have purchased their share of gas-powered vehicles in the past may not know what to expect when shopping for an EV, especially regarding price. According to Kelley Blue Book, the average price of an electric vehicle at the end of 2022 was $61,488. That figure might shock many drivers, especially considering that the average price for all passenger cars at the end of 2022 was below $50,000.

Sticker shock can set in when buyers first dip their toes into the EV market, but it need not compel drivers to resign themselves to gas-powered vehicles. In fact, rebates can make purchasing an EV much more budget-friendly than the sticker price of the average electric vehicle suggests. Incentives like rebates can help to defray the costs of EVs, and KBB notes that many states have incentivized the purchase of EVs through various rebates and tax deductions. For example, the U.S. Department of Energy notes that the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities’ Charge Up New Jersey program offers point-of-sale rebates to residents of the state who purchase or lease a new light-duty EV. In addition, the NJBOU offers residents a $250 rebate for the purchase of an eligible Level 2 EV charger.

The Garden State is not the only place where drivers can access incentives related to driving, purchasing or leasing an EV. In Arkansas, the Carroll Electric Cooperative allows members to enroll in their Drive Free for a Year Program. That program issues a $30 monthly credit to enrollees’ power bills to cover the cost of charging their EVs. In California, low-income residents can earn as much as $30,000 in rebates from the federal and state government when purchasing an EV. In Florida, the Orlando Utilities Commission offers a $200 rebate for residential customers who purchase or lease a new electric vehicle. These incentives were available as of June 2023, and KBB maintains a state-by-state list of EV incentives and rebates at kbb.com/car-advice/ electric-vehicle-rebates-by-state/ EV incentives also are available to drivers in Canada. According to the Canadian Automobile Association, the Government of Canada offers point-of-sale incentives of $2,500 to $5,000 for drivers who purchase or lease an EV. Canadian businesses also can benefit from pivoting to EVs. In July 2022, the federal government in Canada launched a $550 million program to help businesses switch to zero-emission vehicles. The Medium- and Heavy-Duty Zero-Emission Vehicles Program provides incentives worth roughly 50 percent of the price difference between an EV and a combustion vehicle. This program can cover up to $200,000 per vehicle and Electic Autonomy Canada notes it is allowed to be combined with provincial and territorial incentives.

The sticker price of EVs may shock drivers. However, the costs associated with purchasing or leasing such vehicles can be defrayed through various programs designed to incentivize drivers to switch from gas-powered cars and trucks to EVs.

Prices are falling on used EVs Here’s how to get a deal

HCOURTESY OF LISA M. KRIEGER – THE MERCURY NEWS (TNS)

enrietta Burroughs was so deeply devoted to her 1991 Dodge Dynasty that she saved its floor mats to honor the car’s two decades of service.

But everything else about its replacement — a bright red 2017 all-electric Chevy Bolt, now adorned with the Dynasty’s old floor mats — is better.

“It’s reliable, it’s practical, it’s modern — and what really sold me on this car was that it was within my price range,” said Burroughs, an East Palo Alto journalist whose son and daughter also own EVs.

The high cost of electric vehicles has been the major barrier for average Californians seeking to trade in their gas guzzlers. This has slowed the widespread adoption of cleaner cars that help fight climate change and improve air quality, according to a 2023 University of Texas study.

But a price war is sweeping the EV industry, led by Tesla, causing a surge in the supply of used electric vehicles — so prices have plummeted.

Used electric cars are now as cheap as gas-powered cars and hybrids, according to an analysis by research company iSeeCars of one- to five-year-old used cars sold in February 2023 and in 2024.

“Stacked” incentives, as well as lower maintenance, help reduce the cost still

further. Electricity is cheaper than gas. And income-qualified residents can drive solo in carpool lanes and get discounts at tolls.

By “stacking” incentives, a low-income family in San Mateo County, for example, could get a 2020 Chevy Bolt for free — if they qualify for the $10,000 Clean Cars For All grant, the $2,000 Peninsula Clean Energy rebate, and the $4,000 PG&E rebate.

Plummeting prices are expected to accelerate the transformation of the automobile market. On Wednesday, the Biden administration issued a regulation with tough new standards for tailpipe pollution, ensuring that more than half the new cars sold in the U.S. by 2032 are zero-emission vehicles. California already has gone much further, setting a goal of 100% zero-emission vehicles new-car sales by 2035.

When EVs were first introduced, owners tended to be enthusiastic “early adopters” who were affluent, tech-savvy and white or Asian. Vehicle inventories were low, and dealer incentives were rare.

That’s changing.

“There’s a misconception that EVs are only for the rich,” said Irvin Rivero of Acterra, a Palo Alto-based environmental nonprofit that provides free one-on-one consultations to help consumers learn about eligibility for price-lowering incentives.

“It’s really no longer an issue for lower-income individuals to find an affordable EV. The market has a lot of used models that are under $20,000,” he said. For people who qualify for several incentives, the price can fall below $10,000.

Max Perez was only 23 years old, fresh out of UC Santa Cruz, when he bought his blue 2017 Chevy Bolt. He made a down-payment using his college savings, then applied for Alameda Municipal Power’s $1,800 rebate to install a charger at his rental home. His main motivation was to fight climate change, said Perez, who works as a consultant for a solid waste management business. “But it was a great value.”

As the spring buying season ramps up, driven by tax returns and better weather, used car prices likely will remain stable until next fall, say experts.

But price isn’t the only thing to weigh: Buying a used EV brings a special set of considerations.

For example, it’s important to know the health of the battery because batteries degrade over time and are expensive to replace. Strong batteries are worth more. But car dealerships aren’t required to test and disclose a battery’s status.

To assess the health of the battery, charge the car, see what the estimated range says, then compare it to the original rating. For a report on the estimated health of a car’s battery, enlist the help of the research firm Recurrent. Also be sure to check the manufacturer’s warranty policy: Many used cars are still be covered under a battery’s 100,000-mile warranty. (Make sure it’s transferable.)

Don’t expect a 100% battery report on a used electric car. But a lesser battery may be fine if you’re buying an EV for around-town errands — and the car will be cheaper. If you expect to take long road trips on a regular basis, a strong battery will reduce “range anxiety.”

In addition to the car, there’s the cost of an at-home EV charger that starts at about $500, and installation, which may cost an additional $1,000 to $2,000. Many electric

utilities and cities provide rebates for this equipment.

And you need a place to put the charger. For residents without off-street parking, public or workplace chargers are crucial. At apartment buildings and condominiums, landlords are now required to accept a written request for installation if the tenant has a dedicated parking spot and is willing to foot the bill.

It’s tricky to navigate the many tax credit, incentive and rebate options. Each one has restrictions, and they require purchase from a participating dealership. For help, go to the state Air Resources Board’s Drive Clean website or schedule a consultation with Acterra’s e-mobility associate Rivero.

Why are used EVs so affordable? Battery prices have plummeted, falling nearly 90% between 2008 and 2022. And innovations in manufacturing and assembly continue to reduce production costs.

But this year’s sudden price drop is driven largely by Tesla. When the company slashed the cost of its new cars to attract more buyers, it also pushed down the cost of used cars. The price of a used Model X, for instance, fell by nearly $20,000 since last February, according to the consumer report Notebookcheck. The rental car company Hertz recently offered thousands of Teslas at fire sale prices.

This is forcing other automakers to also lower prices and offer promotions. The average price of a used Chevy Bolt has fallen 30%, or $7,847, over the past year, to $17,981. The average used Nissan Leaf dropped $7,329, to $17,895.

Meanwhile, inventory at dealerships is high because three- and four-year leases are expiring, said Acterra’s Rivera. “We’re seeing a lot of 2021 models pop up on the market right now,” he said.

“It’s hard to let go” of a beloved old car, said Burroughs. “But I hated to go to the gas station. Now I just plug my car in, right here at home.”

“And I’m saving money,” she said. “I just absolutely love it.”