Carbon Capture Magazine - Issue 1, 2022 (including Directory) by BBI International

Consider the Source

A look into U.S. Supply Sources of CO2 Page 6

Plus

Tax Credit Incentives for Companies Capturing CO2 Page 10

AND

Finding a Carbon Balance with Biochar Page 14

Find Carbon Capture & Storage Companies Page 21

Issue 1 2022

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Good for the environment and your bottom line

Battelle captures and stores carbon dioxide, keeping it out of the environment. Look to Battelle as a partner to improve your carbon intensity score. Find out more at www.battelle.org/ccus

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OPERATIONS ISSUE 1 2022 VOLUME 1 ISSUE 1

COLUMN 4 PUBLISHER’S NOTE

Navigating a Developing Industry By Danielle Piekarski

FEATURES 6 SUPPLY

Supply Factors

Examining Merchant CO2 Sources in the United States By Sam A. Rushing

10 TAXES

Breaking It Down

Tax Credit Incentives for Carbon Sequestration: Potentially the Most Impactful U.S. Policy to Battle Climate Change By Bryen Alperin, Gary Blitz, Sarah Grey, Steve Whittaker, John Koenig, John Pierce and Jason Kuzma

14 SEQUESTRATION

Transforming Residues into Solutions Carbon Sequestration with Biochar: A Business Opportunity for Biomass Producers

By Bernardo del Campo, Matthew Kieffer, Melany Estrella, Lissette Cordova, and Diego Guevara

18 PROJECT

Expanding the Economy, Reducing Emissions 14

As Summit Carbon Solutions continues developing the world’s largest carbon capture and sequestration project, their vision remains the same – create jobs, boost markets, and permanently store CO2. By Summit Carbon Solutions

DIRECTORY 21 DIRECTORY

Search Industry Companies 18

Comprehensive list of industry suppliers, producers, researchers and government agencies in the world Online at Directory.CarbonCaptureMagazine.com

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PUBLISHER'S NOTE

CarbonCaptureMagazine.com

Navigating a Developing Industry It is with great pride that we present to you the inaugural issue of Carbon Capture Magazine. The Carbon Capture Utilization and

Storage industry is emerging, and we see it through the stories reported in the additional publications printed by BBI International, Ethanol Producer Magazine, Biodiesel Magazine, and Biomass Magazine. Because of this excitement, we found it fitting to create a new publication that would deliver information to this rapidly growing industry. Our goal is to provide readers with industry insight, while also showing some remarkable developments made in efforts to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. We start by exploring the primary sources of CO2 in the United States. Before any CO2 can be capture, stored, or utilized, we must understand where it comes from. Different sources have varying “cleanliness” and prices, making it an important factor to study before entering the market. To dive deeper into the merchant profile, please see page 6. Sourcing the CO2 for companies and projects is only half the battle. For many organizations interested in pursuing carbon capture and storage, funding is the main issue they face. Our second piece focuses on the tax equity side of carbon capture and explores how tax credits can benefit companies entering the industry. Industrial facilities, power plants, and direct air capture facilities are all eligible for this incentive, which benefit these facilities by expanding capital and assist in meeting sustainability goals. For further information and qualification requirements, see page 10. Next, we examine how the process of pyrolysis is used to produce biochar. This process turns various forms of waste into useful products, while also removing CO2 from the atmosphere. ARTi successfully pyrolyzed over 30 organic materials and has mastered sequestering atmospheric carbon into soil carbon. More details on the effectiveness of this process start at page 14. Finally, we follow Summit Carbon Solution’s story of building the world’s largest carbon capture and sequestration project. The project proposes an extensive pipeline that travels through the Midwest and connects more than 30 ethanol facilities before sequestering the CO2 deep into the ground. Not only is this project reducing emissions by millions of tons of CO2 each year, but it is also creating hundreds of thousands of jobs, boosting our nation’s GDP, and expanding the grain market. Please see page 18 for the full story. On the backside of this issue is the Carbon Capture & Storage Directory. We believe the directory will become a valuable resource to you and facilitates your ability to make new connections that will advance both your organization and the industry. The next issue of Carbon Capture Magazine will be accompanied by a map of facilities and sites where CO2 is being captured, stored, or sequestered. I hope you enjoy our first issue and I look forward to meeting many of you at the Carbon Capture & Storage Summit, held simultaneously with the International Fuel Ethanol Workshop & Expo!

DANIELLE PIEK ARSKI CONTENT MANAGER Carbon Capture Magazine dpiekarski@bbiinternational.com

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 1

THE TEAM CEO Joe Bryan jbryan@bbiinternational.com President Tom Bryan tbryan@bbiinternational.com Vice President of Operations, Marketing & Sales John Nelson jnelson@bbiinternational.com Vice President of Production & Design Jaci Satterlund jsatterlund@bbiinternational.com Senior Account Manager Chip Shereck cshereck@bbiinternational.com Account Manager Bob Brown bbrown@bbiinternational.com Content Manager Danielle Piekarski dpiekarski@bbiinternational.com Circulation Manager Jessica Tiller jtiller@bbiinternational.com Advertising & Marketing Manager Marla DeFoe mdefoe@bbiinternational.com Social Media & Marketing Coordinator Dayna Bastian dbastian@bbiinternational.com

Subscriptions Subscriptions to Carbon Capture Magazine are free of charge to everyone with the exception of a shipping and handling charge for any country outside the United States. To subscribe, visit CarbonCaptureMagazine. com or you can send your mailing address and payment (checks made out to BBI International) to: Carbon Capture Magazine/Subscriptions, 308 Second Ave. N., Suite 304, Grand Forks, ND 58203. You can also fax a subscription form to 701-746-5367. Reprints and Back Issues Select back issues are available for $3.95 each, plus shipping. Article reprints are also available for a fee. For more information, contact us at 866746-8385 or service@bbiinternational.com. Advertising Carbon Capture Magazine provides a specific topic delivered to a highly targeted audience. We are committed to editorial excellence and high-quality print production. To find out more about Carbon Capture Magazine advertising opportunities, please contact us at 866-746-8385 or service@bbiinternational.com. Letters to the Editor We welcome letters to the editor. If you write us, please include your name, address and phone number. Letters may be edited for clarity and/or space. Send to Carbon Capture Magazine/Letters, 308 Second Ave. N., Suite 304, Grand Forks, ND 58203 or email to dpiekarski@bbiinternational.com.

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CARBON CAPTURE MAGAZINE ISSUE 1, 2022

Examining Merchant CO2 Sources in the United States By Sam A. Rushing

The US Merchant CO2 industry is composed of about 111 plants, sourced largely from ethanol, some 49 plants. Next

supply factors

in line, with respect to by-product plants, would be from the production of anhydrous ammonia, numbering about 23 facilities. Then, would be sources from hydrogen reformers in oil refineries, which total about 20. 19 natural sources from deep within the earth are a source type, not by-product based, which require purification only. Other miscellaneous facilities include by-product from flue gas, ethylene oxide, natural gas processing and syngas. The last group contains approximately eight facilities. Below is picture of a CO2 liquefaction/purification plant, designed to fit a very compact location. The above plant has traditional COcompression, ammonia refrigeration, 2 and a heat exchanger on top of the facility. Most plants have numerous skidmounted components such as a refrigeration skid, compression skid, purification skid, and MCC. The CO2 supply illustration is shown in the chart below, indicating the large percentage derived out of CO2 byproduct from fermentation. The other major sectors of supply, primarily anhydrous ammonia, reformer operations, and natural sourcing. Beyond this are the miscellaneous sources described above. With respect to future supplies of CO2 feedstocks for CO2 liquefaction/ purification, there are a number of new source types under development which include by-product from wood waste / forestry materials in the production of RNG. There are developments to bring CarbonCaptureMagazine.com

SUPPLY

PHOTO: ADVANCED CRYOGENICS, LTD.

Many industrial uses for CO2 exist from metallurgical to agricultural, to medical uses. The merchant industry is critically important to the economy, and also quite interesting, and resilient.

CARBON CAPTURE MAGAZINE ISSUE 1, 2022

to market CO2 from fuel cell projects, which will be niche power projects and supplies to the electric grid. The industry has not given up on sugarcane and various cellulose-based biofuel ventures, where the past projects generally did not find their place in the industry. New sources will be key to supplies of CO2 feedstocks for refinement. Just as new merchant applications for the product continue to emerge, new types of sequestration of carbon will appear. The build-up to achieve this larger percentage of sources from ethanol occurred mostly during the 1990s to 2010s, where the industry built fermentation plants of approximately 50 and 100 million gallons per year to fulfill the demand to blend the fuel into gasoline. In turn, many 300 to 600 TPD (ton per day) CO2 plants emerged. More developments are occurring in the ethanol by-product arena for both supply to the merchant sector, and for EOR/Sequestration in the relative near

term ahead. The source will continue to be a major factor in the CO2 supply sector. As to the other source types, the ammonia industry is largely located in agricultural areas, like the ethanol sector. Ammonia by-product is among the relatively ‘cleaner’ supply types which has commonly been a major build for the plant manufacturers over the years, dating back many decades. There were a few additional ammonia plants brought online during the natural gas frac boom in the US, within the last decade or so, which in some cases brought new CO2 to the markets. Other such plants are looking to either sequester into a pipeline or supply a CO2 liquefaction plant. As to the reformer sources found in oil refineries, these were once the only source type in California, until the addition of ethanol sources to the market, where this has supplemented the markets on the west coast to some de-

US Supply Sources Ethanol Ammonia Reformer Natural Other

SOURCE: ADVANCED CRYOGENICS, LTD.

gree. This is another very familiar source type to the merchant trade, and a relatively clean source. Natural sources are often the most inexpensive source type found in the industry, they are recovered from places like the Jackson Dome in Mississippi; the Bravo Dome in New Mexico; as well as locations in Colorado, Utah, and Arizona. When such sources have a high wellhead pressure, often up to 2,000 PSIG, the compression side of a CO2 plant can be eliminated, thus eliminating the cost of the process equipment, and allied power costs associated with compressing the CO2. The sources can be very pure, up to USP grade, directly from the wellhead. On the other hand, all merchant CO2must pass rigorous quality and testing requirements. The purification side of a CO2 plant is critical to producing a beverage grade commodity. The industry is highly geared toward production of beverage grade product, which in turn is sold to all industries; unless a dedicated plant is for EOR, or industrial use. As to beverage grade, all transportation equipment for CO2 as storage, over the road transports, and railcars are generally assumed and confirmed to haul and contain only such beverage grade in virtually all cases. Due to fear of contamina-

tion, various grades of bulk product are not transported. Additional source types such as flue gas, are a wonderful source, however extremely expensive, and with only one such plant found today in western Maryland. The history of CO2 recovery from flue gas has dated back over 50 years, for merchant and EOR usage, and must have the front – end recovery plant, which is generally an amine solvent recovery process. To put this in perspective, in 1990, a 300 ton/day CO2 plant, from a traditional ammonia or ethanol source, could have cost below $2 million. The CO2 plant from flue gas, with full cost consideration, was $25 million or more. Such commercial ventures were developed using the steam host value under energy laws which essentially placed the cost of the CO2 recovery plant into the power plant, thus removing the amortization burden from the cost of producing CO2. In the end, flue gas requires economic subsidies, such as carbon credit values, or more, to be economically competitive with by-product gas from plants including ethanol, ammonia, and reformer operations. The balance of merchant source types including ethylene oxide and natural gas processing are few in number, however, companies such as Poet brought online natural gas processing by-product CO2 plants in Oklahoma and Texas in recent years. Thus, such developments will continue from these feedstocks. The demand of the industry is typically growing at about 3% annually and is highly driven by food processing, dry ice manufacturing, and beverage carbonation. Many industrial uses for CO2 exist from metallurgical to agricultural, to medical uses. The merchant industry is critically important to the economy, and also quite interesting, and resilient. Author: Sam A. Rushing President of Advanced Cryogenics, Ltd. 305 – 852 – 2597 rushing@terranova.net

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TAXES

Breaking It Down Tax Credit Incentives for Carbon Sequestration: Potentially the Most Impactful U.S. Policy to Battle Climate Change By Bryen Alperin, Foss & Company; Gary Blitz, AON; Sarah Grey, Arnold & Porter; Steve Whittaker, Illinois State Geological Survey; John Koenig, Illinois State Geological Survey; John Pierce; and Jason Kuzma, Stroock

10 CARBON CAPTURE MAGAZINE ISSUE 1, 2022

The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 expanded the 45Q tax credit, the most important federal incentive for encouraging private investment in the development and use of carbon capture technologies and facilities.

Tax credits for the capture and long-term, permanent storage of carbon oxides generate a competitive financial return and have a positive environmental impact on the world. In addition, reducing CO2 emissions mitigates climate change and help keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C, above pre-industrial levels. Keeping global average temperature below 2°C, above pre-industrial levels, is a fundamental goal of the Paris Climate Agreement,

the highest environmental, social, and governance (ESG) priority issue facing investors. Tax Credit Basics and Tax Equity A tax credit reduces a company’s tax liability dollar-for-dollar. The U.S. government uses tax credits to incentivize certain types of projects that produce economic, environmental, or social benefits. Common tax credit programs include affordable housing, rehabilitation of historic properties, low-income census tract economic development, wind energy, solar energy, and now, carbon sequestration projects. For these projects, the tax credit is an important source of capital, but many project developers do not have enough taxable income to take advantage of the tax credits themselves. In such cases, the developer may monetize the tax credit by attracting a tax equity investor (TEI), usually a corporate tax-paying project partner. Tax equity is a term that is used to describe an equity ownership interest in a qualified project, where an investor receives a return, based not only on project cash flows, but also on tax benefits. In such a transaction, a partnership is typically formed between the project developer and TEI to not only facilitate the investment but allocate and distribute the corresponding tax benefits and project cash flows. The specifics of each partnership vary by project, tax credit type, and transaction structure. Tax equity investors can have demanding requirements in terms of indemnities and guarantees that often surpass the credit quality of sponsors and other transaction parties. Tax credit insurers provide a project and its investment a large, rated balance sheet that can support the indemnities independent of the sponsor’s or counterparty’s financial strength. Tax credit insurance is very flexible and can be customized to each project and transaction. The coverage can extend to three main risk categories: structure, credit qualification, and recapture: 1. Transaction structure – Ensuring the investment structure is such that the tax credits will flow through to the tax equity inves-

tor as intended. As contracts evolve, this type of coverage assures investors that resulting structures will be respected as passthrough vehicles to realize tax credit benefits under the law. 2. Requirements for Qualification for the CCS Credit and Determination of the Credit Amount – IRS guidance outlines many statutory requirements that projects must satisfy to qualify for tax credits. In particular, construction milestones and equipment testing can hamstring project success. 3. Forward Looking Requirements and Recapture of Tax Credits – CCS tax credit guidance contains many forward-looking requirements and mechanisms for the recapture of tax credits if those requirements are not met. In particular, the long-term permanent storage or proper utilization of carbon oxides must satisfy stringent guidelines or the generated tax credits may be clawed back. Tax equity investing provides companies two basic benefits: the ability to mitigate tax liabilities, and the opportunity to invest in projects that promote certain social or governmental objectives such as renewable energy production, or carbon mitigation for addressing climate change. The Importance of Carbon Capture and Decarbonization Climate researchers and scientists have long stressed the critical nature of curbing carbon emissions to slow the effects of climate change. Yet even as research confirms the need for aggressive strategies to shift away from emissions-heavy industries, our modern societies are increasingly reliant upon them to function. In the United States, industrial sectors (such as metals and minerals, chemicals, refineries, and others), along with coal-fired and natural gas-fired power plants, account for approximately 50% of the country’s total CO2 emissions. More than 833 million metric tons of CO2 per year are vented directly into our atmosphere by U.S. industry alone. Decarbonizing these high emissionsgenerating industries in the short term is

extremely difficult, which is why long-term strategies and technologies that remove emissions like carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), are critical. Every credible climate model — including those from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the International Energy Agency — includes capture and permanent geological storage of carbon as a key requirement to achieve global emissions reduction targets by 2050. Section 45Q is a key part of the U.S. government’s effort. It is a bipartisan acknowledgment of the role CCS plays as a solution to climate change. Democrats and Republicans, fossil fuel companies, unions, and environmentalists have supported 45Q’s expansion as an investable program — one that benefits the environment and creates economic opportunities through the development, construction, and ongoing utilization of these technologies. Section 45Q awards tax credits to owners of capture technology equipment for every metric ton of carbon oxide sequestered. Everything from power plants and refineries to large-scale industrial sites that emit significant amounts of CO2 are viable sources for capture and sequestration projects. These projects may be retrofitted into existing facilities or incorporated into new developments. The carbon capture development may be led by the facility’s operators, or independent development parties. Credits are awarded to capture technology operators over a 12-year period beginning with injection in varying dollar amounts based on one of two methods of sequestration: Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) or Carbon Capture Utilization and Sequestration (CCUS). In comparison with pure CCS technology, CCUS permanently stores carbon and is used for some commercial application, with revenue associated to the activity. Section 45Q allows these CCUS credits to be transferred to other entities able to monetize the credits, allowing for flexibility in business and investment opportunities for organizations bringing these projects to fruition. CarbonCaptureMagazine.com

TAXES

Who Qualifies? The statute defines a qualified facility as: 1. an industrial facility that emits up to 500,000 metric tons of CO2 a year and puts at least 25,000 tons to commercial use 2. a power plant that emits 500,000 metric tons or more of CO2 a year; or 3. a direct air capture facility, or any other facility not described in (a) or (b), that captures at least 100,000 metric tons of CO2 per year. In other words, an electric generating plant would have to capture at least 500,000 metric tons of carbon oxide per year to qualify. Any other type of facility — a cement plant or a natural gas processing facility, for example — would have to capture at least 100,000 metric tons of carbon oxide per year. It is anticipated that tax equity investors would size their investment by discounting the net benefit streams (tax credits and deductions) expected from the carbon capture project, using their target Internal Rate of Return (IRR) as the discount rate, similar to how wind tax equity investments are sized. CCS: Pure Sequestration Through Dedicated Geological Storage Under a pure carbon capture and sequestration strategy, facilities and operators sequester anthropogenic carbon oxide deep underground where it cannot contribute to climate change. Captured carbon oxide, virtually exclusively CO2, is transported from emissions sources to geologic formations where it can be safely injected into depleted oil or gas reservoirs, saline water-bearing strata thousands of feet deep and below all sources of potable water. At the depths used for sequestration, the injected CO2 is no longer a gas, but a dense fluid that is retained and secured by layers of impermeable rock barriers and natural formations. CCUS: Creating Beneficial Use of Carbon Emissions In CCUS projects, captured carbon emissions are put to work in a variety of applications to benefit other businesses and industries. By far, the most common commercial use of CO2 12 CARBON CAPTURE MAGAZINE ISSUE 1, 2022

CARBON CAPTURE & UNDERGROUND STORAGE Compression

Injection

Carbon Dioxide Source Transport

Monitoring

Caprock

Salice Formation

Carbon Dioxide Storage

STORAGE DEPTH EXCEEDING 2,700 FEET Figure 1 Diagram of CCS Facility

Year

Applicable Dollar Amount

2017

$22.66

2018

$25.70

2019

$28.74

2020

$31.77

2021

$34.81

2022

$37.85

2023

$40.89

2024

$43.92

2025

$46.96

2026

$50.00

Table 2. Value of the CSS Tax Credit (2017 - 2026) $ Per Metric Ton

Year

Applicable Dollar Amount

2017

$12.83

2018

$15.29

2019

$17.76

2020

$20.22

2021

$22.68

2022

$25.15

2023

$27.61

2024

$30.07

2025

$32.54

2026

$35.00

Table 3. Value of the CCUS Tax Credit (2017 - 2026) $ Per Metric Ton

is through enhanced oil recovery (EOR), where captured CO2 is injected into the earth to improve oil extraction, thereby reducing the carbon intensity of the fossil fuel production. The injected CO2 mixes with the oil, making it less viscous so that it flows more easily. As the oil is produced, the CO2 comes out of solution with the oil and is recaptured and reinjected into the reservoir for another cycle of EOR. EOR projects using an efficient recycle scheme effectively store all injected CO2. EOR projects that use naturally sourced CO2 — that is, CO2 not captured from industrial emissions — do not qualify for 45Q credits. Other potential applications of CO2 for permanent sequestration include production of advanced materials, mineralization in products such as concrete, and usage of CO2 in algae or bacteria growth. For CCUS projects that use and store anthropogenic carbon via EOR or use it in other processes and materials, 45Q will award up to $35 per metric ton of CO2 captured, before growing by an inflation adjustment factor. The CCUS 45Q credit began at $12.83 in tax year 2016 and will grow to $35 per metric ton in tax year 2026 via linear interpolation. Beginning in tax year 2027, the 45Q credit for CCUS projects is the product of $35 and an inflation adjustment factor — the same inflation adjustment factor each year as pure CCS. History and Future of Carbon Capture in the United States The United States has been a leader in the commercial capture, transport, and storage of CO2. The first carbon capturebased projects date back to the 1970s, with the Terrell Natural Gas facility in Texas, which provided the first CO2 feedstocks for enhanced oil recovery in the United States. As of January 2020, the United States is home to 10 of 19 large-scale carbon capture projects currently operating around the globe. EOR, using captured anthropogenic

CO2, is seen as a positive step toward a lower carbon future. Capturing the emissions generated during production and using them instead of sourcing alternative CO2 feedstocks, can ultimately result in fossil fuels and other products that are less carbon-intensive than those produced using normal methods. Thoughtful investors understand that hydrocarbon fuels (oil and gas and coal) that are compatible with the existing infrastructure are needed for the next decade, as the world will continue to need oil in the near term. Therefore, reducing the carbon intensity of these fuels and their associated production processes is an effective step toward reducing our carbon footprint. Essentially, CCUS and EOR provide an ‘‘on-ramp’’ for future capture and sequestration projects, accelerating innovation and enabling CCS to scale by driving down technology costs similar to what has been achieved in the solar industry with the solar investment tax credit. A Sustainable Path Forward The 45Q tax incentive for carbon capture projects is just one of many tax equity investments that can be considered socially responsible or sustainable, better known among investors as ESG investments and sometimes referred to as impact investments. ESG investments — and tax equity investments in general — not only provide businesses with opportunities to offset financial liabilities and meet fiscal obligations through relatively low-risk investment programs, but also allow companies to meet growing shareholder demands for corporate sustainability. Tax equity investments, like 45Q and others, represent the elusive win-win: a smart investment strategy that responds to corporate stakeholder demands while contributing to the wellbeing of our communities at large. Authors: Bryen Alperin, Gary Blitz, Sarah Grey, Steve Whittaker, John Koenig, John Pierce, and Jason Kuzma

CarbonCaptureMagazine.com 13

14 CARBON CAPTURE MAGAZINE ISSUE 1, 2022

SEQUESTRATION

Transforming Residues into Solutions Carbon Sequestration with Biochar: A Business Opportunity for Biomass Producers By Bernardo del Campo, Matthew Kieffer, Melany Estrella, Lissette Cordova, Diego Guevara Artwork by Advanced Renewable Technology International, Inc.

Since the industrial revolution, humankind has been pouring tons of CO2 and GHGs into our atmosphere.

It has then been a great challenge to accept that humanity’s activities, which have made life easier in many ways, are by far the largest contributors to global warming. At this point, there is a latent need to not only develop technologies that reduce our emissions to mitigate our carbon footprint, but also to start sequestering it. Biochar appears as the most efficient and cost-effective technology in order to do so. At Advanced Renewable Technology International - ARTi, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere has been part of our daily work since 2013, by building cut-edge pyrolysis systems for the production of biochar, activated carbon, and “green” carbon black for almost a decade. Our technology is a tool to not only create valuable products from residues, but also to help farmers,composting facilities,

homeowners and landscapes integrate sustainable products in their operations and gardens. In the following article, we will show why “Carbon Sequestration with Biochar is a Business Opportunity for Biomass Producers,” farmers, businesses, and anyone ready to jump in carbon sequestration opportunities with biochar. Biochar is one of the best tools to fight against climate change and can be profitable at the same time. This article explores the capabilities of ARTi´s Biochar Production Units (BPUs). After doing so, we will explore biochar production itself and carbon balance. Finally, we will emphasize on the opportunity presented with the biochar technology and the profitability behind biochar and our systems. Overall, this will be a comprehensive study on how to transform biomass residues into profitable carbon products and help the planet based on our experience in biochar production. What is seen in the figure #2 below is

the render of ARTi’s BPU, containerized mobile systems that can be placed anywhere in the world. It is able to pyrolyze a wide range of organic feedstock, with minimum labor requirements, as we are looking at a fully automated operation. Our units are able to sequester from 4 tons to 20 tons of CO2 per day. All of ARTi units are housed in a recycled 40 ft container. ARTi’s BPUs are capable of transforming forestry, agricultural, and industrial residues into biochar with “pyrolysis,” heating biomass residues at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. Otherwise, these residues would be either burned or decompose in the environment. Important pyrolysis parameters, as well as biomass and biochar properties of the feedstock pyrolyzed, are listed below in Table #1. Biomass moisture content is quite relevant as it would affect the biochar yields and energetic content in order to ensure this thermochemical process is carried out. Parameters of the biochar produced relevant

Figure 1. ARTi team mission: Develop and implement sustainable engineering solutions with a positive economic impact with carbon sequestration.

CarbonCaptureMagazine.com 15

SEQUESTRATION

CO2

REACTOR Manufacturing Emissions

Temperature (C)

BIOCHAR CARBON SEQUESTRATION

Figure 4. Carbon balance

Figure 2. ARTi’s Containerized Biochar Production Unit (BPU)

ARTi’s Samples Forestry Residues Bamboo Wood Chips Maple Sawdust Eucalyptus Agricultural Residues Coffee Husk Sunflower Hulls Nutshells Industrial Residues Hatchery Waste Chicken Littler Horse Manure

BIOCHAR Production Emissions

Biomass and Biochar Characterization Initial Biomass Moisture Content (%) Ash (%) Yield (%)

Organic C (%)

LCA Single Train Carbon Ratio (CORCs)

400 500 700 700

16 20 12 15

13 4 8 8

24 22 23 20

72 79 70 87

-2.4 -2.6 -2.2 -2.8

400 550 700

10 31 16

9 12 4

25 30 35

70 68 69

-2.4 -2.4 -2.4

600 500 500

65 18 46

62 48 87

44 40 57

6 26 10

0.0 -0.9 -0.2

Table 1. Biomass and Biochar Properties per category

to carbon sequestration are shown: biochar yields, ash content, organic C, and recalcitrance of the carbon are some of the most important factors to consider to determine the capacity of sequestration and biochar quality produced. The purpose of Table #1 above is to show how different feedstocks types and organic material overall behavior based on our experience with specific scenarios. Even within each category, we have some slight differences. Based on the previous information, a cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for soils is performed, a comprehensive assessment of the product’s impact to the environment. The reactor’s manufacturing carbon footprint, the biochar production emissions, and its supply chain are taken into consideration (as shown in Figure #4). Considering the characteristics of the biochar produced, thecarbon credit issuing platforms generate a carbon credit ratio generated per ton of biochar produced as an output. For the purpose of the study, we will focus on one representant of forestry, agricultural, and industrial residues. In the case of bamboo, it presents low ashes (<12%), 16 CARBON CAPTURE MAGAZINE ISSUE 1, 2022

an Organic C > 50% so we can define it as a good biochar product for high carbon sequestration. The expected carbon ratio result is 2.4; however, it does present the highest biochar yields. Those results are something we could expect, as we would be needing to find an equilibrium between the amount of biochar produced and the amount of carbon content within it. Considering nutshells as the representative of the agricultural residues category, it shows as the ideal feedstock to process. As seen in Table 1, we will be having: low ash content, highest Organic C, and high biochar yields. On the expected carbon credits ratio, we will have the same as in the case of bamboo; although, we will have an increment in the amount of biochar produced. Finally, referring to chicken litter, we have high ash content, low Organic C, and the highest biochar yields in the table. Those variables are reflected in the carbon credit ratio, mostly below 1. Note that this biochar might not be the “best” to sequester carbon, it will have a very interesting nutrient content besides the carbon sequestration value. To show the profitability of the project, where economics are truly influenced by

biochar and biochar characteristics, as well as the pyrolysis conditions. At the top of Figure #5 below, you will be able to review three boxes, one for each category previously considered for it. All of them present the Capital and Operational Expenditure (CAPEX and OPEX) per ton of biochar produced. Two revenues are considered for this: Carbon Credits and Total Revenues. At first sight, industrial residues seem to be the best option with the lower expenditures; however, if we consider the economics in terms of NPV, it is the lowest one. As mentioned before, this feedstock category has the highest yields and therefore better OPEX/CAPEX per ton, but it does not have the highest carbon credit ratios and therefore sales. If we focus on the nutshells, it presents the highest NPV. This feedstock achieves a balance between yields and carbon credit ratio, translated into a good economic performance for the project. Finally, we have the forestry residues that fall into the middle of the economic performances with NPVs between $100K and $250K. To emphasize, we will focus only on nutshells. In Figure #6, at the left you will be

TEA Model Single Train Reactor ARTi’s Samples CAPEX ($/ton of biochar) OPEX ($/ton of biochar) NPV ($ in 5 yrs) Carbon Credits revenues ($ in 5 yrs) Forestry Residues Bamboo 216 242,437 493,825 246 Wood Chips 283 243 108,474 460,802 Maple Sawdust 247 214 200,590 441,761 Eucalyptus 294 256 130,760 527,857 Agricultural Residues Coffee Husk 201 364,756 537,483 222 Sunflower Hulls 241 212 248,682 481,708 Nutshells 170 168 459,931 713,912 Industrial Residues Hatchery Waste 44,073 121 101 70,109 Chicken Littler 139 136 301,285 298,677 Horse Manure 162 133 16,439 67,268 Figure 5. Business cases - Economic feasibility

able to see a picture of the nutshells before and after pyrolysis. Followed on the right side by a summary table with a couple of pyrolysis and biochar parameters: Using a single train reactor, operating 280 days per year, an NPV of $460K is expected to be obtained during the first five years of operation. We forecast to sequester about 1,300 tons of CO2 per year. For this model, we just considered two revenue

streams of the many available: Biochar and Carbon Credits sales. Operational costs were included in the calculation. As shown, nutshells is just an example of how green technology is a sustainable and profitable investment. ARTi team’s multiple academic backgrounds has made it possible to develop several biochar production systems and consultancies around the globe. We have offices located in IA, USA and Quito,

Total revenues ($ in 5 yrs) 1,501,631 1,337,327 1,446,231 1,370,670 1,652,970 1,507,957 1,807,090 1,339,823 1,518,277 1,211,758

Ecuador. The blue dots represent the consultancy services we have developed around the world, and the orange dots represent the equipment in place. We definitely look forward to helping more companies accelerate their journey and ours to a greener future. Author: Bernardo del Campo, Matthew Kieffer, Melany Estrella, Lissette Cordova, Diego Guevara

CarbonCaptureMagazine.com 17

PROJECT

Expanding the Economy, Reducing Emissions As Summit Carbon Solutions continues developing the world’s largest carbon capture and sequestration project, their vision remains the same – create jobs, boost markets, and permanently store CO2. By Summit Carbon Solutions

PHOTO: SUMMIT CARBON SOLUTIONS

Summit Carbon Solutions is moving forward with its plan to build the world’s largest carbon capture and sequestration project. This multi-billion dollar investment will connect ethanol biorefineries across five states in the upper Midwest, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota, capture the carbon dioxide emissions from these facilities, compress these gases into a near liquid form, and transport it to North Dakota to be permanently and safely stored more than a mile underground. By capturing and permanently storing carbon dioxide emissions from partner ethanol biorefineries, Summit Carbon Solutions will cut the carbon footprint of their manufacturing process in half. In the process, this project will allow ethanol plants to access and sell their product at a premium in the growing low carbon fuel markets such as California, Oregon, Washington, and more. This shift will enhance the long-term economic viability of ethanol and maintain a strong market for corn growers who currently sell approximately half of their crops to local ethanol plants.

18 CARBON CAPTURE MAGAZINE ISSUE 1, 2022

“This project will be transformational for the ethanol industry and, by extension, the agriculture industry. Farmers and landowners in Iowa understand that ethanol production consumes more than 50% of our corn crop every year, which is a big reason why we’ve had early success signing hundreds of pipeline easements with farmers who have a vested interest in our success,” said Bruce Rastetter, CEO of Summit Agricultural Group. The ethanol industry plays a critical role across the United States. It supports 360,000 jobs, contributes more than $45 billion to annual U.S. GDP, utilizes approximately 40% of corn produced in the U.S., and provides a $14 billion boost to grain markets. Thirty-two facilities have signed onto the project, which will put the ethanol producers on track to become a net-zero fuel by 2030. In addition to unlocking significant economic opportunities in the years to come, this project will help capture up to 12 million tons of carbon dioxide every year, or the equivalent of removing 2.6 million vehicles from the road on an annual basis. “Siouxland Energy is proud to be part of a project that is trans-

Summit Carbon Solutions will connect more than 30 ethanol plants across the Midwest via pipeline. The map above indicates how the facilities will be connected and the site at which the captured CO2 will be injected. SOURCE: SUMMIT CARBON SOLUTIONS

forming the ethanol industry. The Summit Carbon Solutions’ project is critical to strengthen the future of the agriculture industry. Without a reliable, competitive ethanol industry, the marketplace for corn growers will inevitably face significant challenges,” explained Jeff Altena, operations director at Siouxland Energy. “Summit Carbon Solutions’ project will benefit farmers across the state by maintaining a strong corn market while supporting ethanol producers. The project will also provide additional tax revenue for the counties along the route and help the environment,” added Walt Wendland, CEO of Ringneck Energy, one of Summit Carbon Solutions’ ethanol plant partners in South Dakota. Independent studies show that Summit Carbon Solutions proposed carbon capture and storage project will create jobs, generate new property tax revenue for local communities, support local suppliers, and strengthen the regional economy. Through its multibillion-dollar investment, Summit Carbon Solutions will generate thousands of jobs, produce hundreds of millions of dollars in new property tax revenues for local communities, and more. “Independent analysis shows the overwhelmingly positive impact of this multi-billion-dollar investment, including the creation of thousands of new high-quality jobs, the utilization of local suppliers and main street businesses, and tens of millions of dollars in new tax revenues that will help support investments in our roads, hospitals, first responders, and more,” said Rastetter. In March, Summit announced a $250 million strategic investment from Continental Resources over the next two years. The investment will help fund the development and construction of the project’s associated capture, transportation, and sequestration infrastructure, while also leveraging its operational and geologic expertise to help ensure the safe and secure storage of carbon dioxide.

It is projected that each ethanol plant will contribute 150,000 to 570,000 tons to the total amount of CO2 that will be stored. PHOTO: SUMMIT CARBON SOLUTIONS

“Our goal since launching Summit Carbon Solutions has been to accelerate ethanol’s path to becoming a net zero fuel, which can be done in the near term and with proven technology,” said Justin Kirchhoff, president of Summit Ag Investors. “To accomplish that, we first partnered with forward-thinking ethanol producers, and we now look forward to working with Continental Resources, which has unmatched experience and knowledge of the Williston Basin in North Dakota, where we will permanently sequester our partner plants’ carbon dioxide.” While the company has already filed permit applications in Iowa and South Dakota, it is focused on securing voluntary easements from landowners along the route. Summit Carbon Solutions has signed easements on more than 100 miles of the proposed route in Iowa. Additionally, the company is currently finalizing agreements that include an additional 70 miles of the proposed route in the state. The company is on schedule to be operational in the first half of 2024.

Author: Summit Carbon Solutions

CarbonCaptureMagazine.com 19

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DIRECTORY

Products & Services Carbon Dioxide-based Products

Diamond Scientific 625 Peachtree Lane Cocoa, FL 32922

Ramon Rivera CarbonFree 102 Ninth Street, Suite 150 San Antonio, TX 78215 Martin Keighley, CEO Phone (210-476-5988) info@carbonfree.cc carbonfree.cc

Phone (321-223-7500) info@diamondsci.com diamondsci.com

Methanology AG

Gewerbestr. 8 Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Schaffhausen, CH-8212 Switzerland Heinz Hackl, Member of Advisory Board Phone (41-79-340-92-12) heinz@methanology.com methanology.com

Project Development & Finance Debt Financing AgCountry Farm Credit Services 1900 44th Street South Fargo, ND 58103 Jess Bernstien, Market Vice President Phone (701-499-2633) jess.bernstien@agcountry.com www.agcountry.com

FCI Financial Services, Inc. 20910 East Ida Avenue #110 Aurora, CO 80015 Jospeh Leslie, President Phone (303-680-6318) Fax (303-680-5475) fcifin@aol.com www.machineryleasing.com

Syntek Resource Corporation 2143 18th Avenue Court Greeley, CO 80631 Sandra Robnett, Chairman/CEO Phone (970-356-9004) Fax (970-356-9004) syntekrescorp@gmail.com www.interasset.org

Luminate, LLC

1801 Broadway, Suite 1620 Denver, CO 80202 Melissa Ochs, Marketing Phone (303-860-7627) melissa.ochs@luminatellc.com www.luminatellc.com

Merjent, Inc.

1 Southeast Main Street, Suite 300 Minneapolis, MN 55414 Paul Mordorski, Biofuels Sector Lead Phone (612-643-5249) paul.mordorski@merjent.com www.merjent.com

Environmental Consultant Merjent, Inc.

1 Southeast Main Street, Suite 300 Minneapolis, MN 55414 Paul Mordorski, Biofuels Sector Lead Phone (612-643-5249) paul.mordorski@merjent.com www.merjent.com

Equity Procurement Vanguard Global Enterprises, Inc.

Due Diligence

BBI Project Development

308 Second Avenue North, Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 Phone (866-746-8385) Fax (701-746-5367) service@bbiinternational.com

EcoEngineers

909 Locust Street, Suite 202 Des Moines, IA 50309 Jim Ramm, Vice President of Sales Phone (515-985-1260) jramm@ecoengineers.us www.ecoengineers.us

821 La Plaza Avenue South South Pasadena, FL 33707 Y.Z. Lahav Phone (727-710-1380) Fax (727-544-2543) yzleop@yahoo.com

Feasibility Studies Merjent, Inc.

1 Southeast Main Street, Suite 300 Minneapolis, MN 55414 Paul Mordorski, Biofuels Sector Lead Phone (612-643-5249) paul.mordorski@merjent.com www.merjent.com

28 CARBON CAPTURE MAGAZINE ISSUE 1, 2022

The Appalachian Renewal Project 239 Great Plain Avenue Needham, MA 02492 Clifford Smith, Managing Director Phone (781-504-2900) clifford.smith@appalachianrenewal. com appalachianrenewal.com

Insurance IMA 430 East Douglas Wichita, KS 67202 Kenneth Hallacy, Insurance/Surety/ Benefits/Risk Management Phone (316-266-6370) kenneth.hallacy@imacorp.com www.imacorp.com

Investors

Process Design

Exchanger Industries Limited

140 Quarry Park Southeast #120 Calgary, AB T2C 3G3 Canada Paul Murphy, Senior Manager Phone (403-510-4200) paul.murphy@exchangerindustries.com www.exchangerindustries.com

Conveyor Components Company PO Box 167 130 Seltzer Road Croswell, MI 48422 Rich Washkevich, Sales Manager Phone (810-679-4211) Fax (810-679-4510) sales@conveyorcomponents.com www.conveyorcomponents.com

Energy Integration Inc., LLC Foss & Company

Matt Lauer ir@fossandco.com www.fossandco.com n SEE OUR AD ON PAGE 5

Owner/Operator Wolf Carbon Solutions US

1600 Broadway, Suite 1900 Denver, CO 80202 Business Development Phone (403-781-8181) info@wolfcarbonsolutions.com www.wolfcarbonsolutions.com

710 Sunshine Canyon Drive Boulder, CO 80302 Bill Schafer, CEO Phone (303-517-2130) bill@energyintegrationinc.com energyintegrationinc.com

Jenike & Johanson, Inc.

400 Business Park Drive Tyngsboro, MA 01879 Brina Pittenger, Vice President Phone (978-649-3300) Fax (978-649-3399) info@jenike.com www.jenike.com

ProFlow, Inc.

303 State Street North Haven, CT 06473 Larry Bee, Vice President Phone (203-672-9327) larry_bee@proflow-inc.com www.proflow-inc.com

Project Development & Finance continued

ucrop.it

7837 Green Hope School Road Cary, NC 27519 Diego Angelo, Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Phone (919-747-1476) diego.angelo@ucrop.it www.ucrop.it

Site Selection

BBI Project Development

308 Second Avenue North, Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 Phone (866-746-8385) Fax (701-746-5367) service@bbiinternational.com

Merjent, Inc.

1 Southeast Main Street, Suite 300 Minneapolis, MN 55414 Paul Mordorski, Biofuels Sector Lead Phone (612-643-5249) paul.mordorski@merjent.com www.merjent.com

Technology Assessment DNV (CCUS) 700 Commerce Drive Oak Brook, IL 60523 Laith Amin Phone (630-480-3434) laith.amin@dnv.com www.dnv.com

Research & Development Government Kentucky Department of Agriculture 105 Corporate Drive Frankfort, KY 40601 Timothy Hughes, Senior Trade Advisor Phone (502-782-9265) timd.hughes@ky.gov www.kyagr.com/trade

Private Aramco

1200 Smith Street Houston, TX 77002 Jeannie Chung-Chow, Analyst Phone (713-432-4348) jeannie.chungchow@ aramcoamericas.com americas.aramco.com

Biobased USA Pico Ag Carbon Capture

5731 Lexngton Drive Parrish, FL 34219 Donald Wilshe Phone (336-306-0193) donwilshe@biobased.us www.biobased.us

Forest Concepts, LLC

3320 West Valley Hwy North Suite D110 Auburn, WA 98001 Mike Perry, CEO Phone (253-333-9663) mperry@forestconcepts.com www.forestconcepts.com

University University of Edinburgh

School of GeoSciences Kings Buildings Edinburgh, Scotland, EH9 3FE United Kingdom Stuart Haszeldine, Professor of Carbon Capture & Storage Phone (44-131-650-8549) s.haszeldine@ed.ac.uk www.ed.ac.uk/geosciences/research/ institutes-centres/institutes/earthplanetary-science/edinburgh-ea

Storage & Material Handling Pipelines

Vallourec USA Corporation

2107 Citywest Houston, TX 77042 Joe Hill, Sr. Director of Energy Transition & New Business Phone (713-320-2530) Fax (713-320-2530) joe.hill@vallourec.com www.vallourec.com

Viking Pump

406 State Street Cedar Falls, IA 50613 Kyle Benning Phone (319-939-1316) kbenning@idexcorp.com www.vikingpump.com

Storage

Transportation

Vallourec USA Corporation

Terminals

American Railcar Repair

2107 Citywest Houston, TX 77042 Joe Hill, Sr. Director of Energy Transition & New Business Phone (713-320-2530) Fax (713-320-2530) joe.hill@vallourec.com www.vallourec.com

Tecenex Co.

PO Box 1223 Stuart, FL 34995 JK Larssen, Director Phone (800-674-2707) tecenex@live.com tecenex.com

2107 Citywest Houston, TX 77042 Joe Hill, Sr. Director of Energy Transition & New Business Phone (713-320-2530) Fax (713-320-2530) joe.hill@vallourec.com www.vallourec.com

PO Box 115 303 Third Street Lakota, IA 50451 David Horak, Location Manager Phone (641-583-0844) david@americanrailcarrepair.com www.americanrailcarrepair.com

CarbonCaptureMagazine.com 29

COMPANY INDEX

A A.T. Kearney 227 West Monroe Street Chicago, IL 60606 Neal Walters, Partner Phone (289-208-0670) tina.portch@kearney.com kearney.com Abhirutu Consultants 27/28, Himali Society Next to Mangeshkar Hospital Pune, Maharashtra 411004 India Sanjay Jagap Phone (91-9822394170) abhirutu@gmail.com carboncaptureenvirotech.com Advanced Biofuels USA 507 North Bentz Street Frederick, MD 21701 Joanne Ivancic, Executive Director Phone (301-644-1395) info@advancedbiofuelsusa.org www.advancedbiofuelsusa.org Advanced Cryogenics, Ltd. PO Box 419 160 Indian Mound Trail Tavernier, FL 33070 Sam Rushing, President Phone (305-852-2597) rushing@terranova.net www.carbondioxideconsultants.com Advanced Cyclone Systems Rua de Vilar 235 3 Esq Porto 4050-626 Portugal Paulo Ventura, Marketing Manager Phone (00-351-226-003-268) marketing@acsystems.pt www.advancedcyclonesystems.com Aequor Inc. 11575 Sorrento Valley Road #215 San Diego, CA 92121 Marilyn Bruno, Project Development Phone (858-255-7854) mbruno@aequorinc.com www.aequorinc.com AgCountry Farm Credit Services 1900 44th Street South Fargo, ND 58103 Jess Bernstien, Market Vice President Phone (701-499-2633) jess.bernstien@agcountry.com www.agcountry.com

American Energy Enterprises, Inc. 33 Obtuse Rocks Road Brookfield, CT 06804 Christopher Brown, Chairman Phone (203-313-8177) info@americanenergyenterprises.com www.americanenergyenterprises.com American Railcar Repair PO Box 115 303 Third Street Lakota, IA 50451 David Horak, Location Manager Phone (641-583-0844) david@americanrailcarrepair.com www.americanrailcarrepair.com Ampirical Solutions LLC 1654 Ochsner Boulevard Covington, LA 70433 Dave Mitchell, National Sales Manager Phone (985-789-6726) Fax (985-809-5250) dmitchell@ampirical.com www.ampirical.com Aramco 1200 Smith Street Houston, TX 77002 Jeannie Chung-Chow, Analyst Phone (713-432-4348) jeannie.chungchow@aramcoamericas.com

americas.aramco.com ASISKYB s.a. de c.v. Vainillo Mz 128 Lt 22 Campestre Potrero, Iztapalapa 09637 Mexico Gil Santos Phone (52-55-3783-9998) asiskyb.contacto@yahoo.com asiskyb.com Avalon Energy Group LLC 75 State Street, Suite 100 Boston, MA 02109 Irshad Ahmed, Biorefinery Project Development Phone (617-955-0020) Fax (201-843-8010) avalonenergy@gmail.com www.avalonenergygroup.com Avisen Legal 901 Marquette Avenue South Suite 1675 Minneapolis, MN 55402 Todd Taylor, Impact Counsel Phone (612-325-5036) ttaylor@avisenlegal.com www.avisenlegal.com

American Coalition for Ethanol 5000 South Broadband Lane, Suite 224 Sioux Falls, SD 57108 Katie Muckenhirn, Vice President of Public Affairs Phone (605-306-6107) kmuckenhirn@ethanol.org ethanol.org

30 CARBON CAPTURE MAGAZINE ISSUE 1, 2022

B Babcock & Wilcox 1200 East Market Street, Suite 650 Akron, OH 44305 Timothy Byrne, Vice President of Climate Bright Decarbonization Technologies Phone (519-620-4800) marketing@babcock.com www.babcock.com Barnhart Crane & Rigging 3604 West Hovland Drive Sioux Falls, SD 57107 Bill Vyhlidal Phone (712-522-0029) bvyhlidal@barnhartcrane.com www.barnhartcrane.com BASNA d.o.o. Atenica 001 Cacaj, Serbia, 32000 Balz Baur Phone (381-64-644-01-49) info@basna.net www.basna.net BBI Project Development 308 Second Avenue North, Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 Phone (866-746-8385) Fax (701-746-5367) service@bbiinternational.com Biobased USA Pico Ag Carbon Capture 5731 Lexngton Drive Parrish, FL 34219 Donald Wilshe Phone (336-306-0193) donwilshe@biobased.us www.biobased.us Biochar Now LLC 3146 New Castle Drive Loveland, CO 80538 James Gaspard, CEO Phone (303-882-3561) james.gaspard@biocharnow.com www.biocharnow.com Biodiesel & Renewable Diesel Summit 308 Second Avenue North Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 Customer Service Phone (701-746-8385) service@bbiinternational.com www.biodieselsummit.com

Biodiesel Magazine 308 Second Avenue North, Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 Customer Service Phone (701-746-8385) service@bbiinternational.com www.biodieselmagazine.com Biomass Controls PBC 30A Crabtree Lane Woodstock, CT 06281 Jeff Hallowell, Founder Phone (860-928-0712) jeff@biomasscontrols.com www.biomasscontrols.com Biomass Magazine 308 Second Avenue North Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 Customer Service Phone (701-746-8385) service@bbiinternational.com www.biomassmagazine.com Biomass Secure Power Inc. 125-8590 Sunrise Drive Chilliwack, BC V2R 3Z4 Canada Jim Carroll, President/CEO Phone (604-807-4957) jim.carroll@bmspf.com www.biomasssecurepower.com BioMass Solution 6907 University Avenue, Suite 290 Middleton, WI 53562 Jacek Chmielewski, Principal Phone (847-208-4171) jacek.chmielewski@biomasssolution. com

C Canadian Wood Waste Recycling Business Group 4301 B South Park Drive, Suite 206 #108 Stony Plain, AB T7Z 2A9 Canada James Donaldson Phone (780-239-5445) jdonaldson@cdnwoodwasterecycling.ca cdnwoodwasterecycling.ca Captis Aire LLC 1612 West Cleveland Avenue, Suite 001 East Point, GA 30344 Kim Tutin Phone (404-580-2795) kim@captisaire.com www.captisaire.com

Carbon America 5525 West 56th Avenue, Suite 200 Arvada, CO 80002 Kevin Pykkonen, Executive Vice President of Commercial Development Phone (720-458-8181) info@carbonamerica.com carbonamerica.com Carbon Capture Magazine 308 Second Avenue North Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 Customer Service Phone (701-746-8385) service@bbiinternational.com www.carboncapturemagazine.com Carbon Engineering, Ltd. PO Box 187 37322 Galbraith Road Squamish, BC V8B 0A2 Canada info@carbonengineering.com carbonengineering.com Carbon Storage Solutions 31375 Great Western Drive Windsor, CO 80550 Dan Sanders, President Phone (970-674-2910) drsanders@frontrangeenergy.com frontrangeenergy.com Carbon-Climate Change Related Domains PO Box 4096 Naples, ME 04055 Robert Fogg, Domain Holder Phone (207-693-3831) robertfogg@q-team.com selectdomains.net CarbonFree 102 Ninth Street, Suite 150 San Antonio, TX 78215 Martin Keighley, CEO Phone (210-476-5988) info@carbonfree.cc carbonfree.cc Cascadia Carbon 7632 Portal Way, Unit 293 Custer, WA 98240 Alex Wick Phone (914-715-1770) info@cascadiacarbon.com cascadiacarbon.com/codex CBA Environmental Services, Inc. 57 Park Lane Hegins, PA 17938 Bruce Bruso, President & CEO Phone (570-682-8742) Fax (570-682-8915) bbruso@cbaenvironmental.com www.cbaenvironmental.com

CFO Systems LLC 10832 Old Mill Road, Suite 2 Omaha, NE 68154 Brett Frevert, Managing Director Phone (402-884-0066) info@cfosystemsllc.com www.cfosystemsllc.com Commodity Talent LLC 27 East 28th Street New York, NY 10016 George Stein, Managing Director Phone (917-545-9850) ghstein@commoditytalent.com www.commoditytalent.com Conveyor Components Company PO Box 167 130 Seltzer Road Croswell, MI 48422 Rich Washkevich, Sales Manager Phone (810-679-4211) Fax (810-679-4510) sales@conveyorcomponents.com www.conveyorcomponents.com

D Delta CleanTech Inc. 2305 Victoria Avenue, Unit 002 Regina, SK S4P 0S7 Canada Jeff Allison, President Phone (306-530-6025) jallison@deltacleantech.ca www.deltacleantech.ca Diamond Scientific 625 Peachtree Lane Cocoa, FL 32922 Ramon Rivera Phone (321-223-7500) info@diamondsci.com diamondsci.com DNV (CCUS) 700 Commerce Drive Oak Brook, IL 60523 Laith Amin Phone (630-480-3434) laith.amin@dnv.com www.dnv.com Dorsey & Whitney LLP 50 South Sixth Street, Suite 1500 Minneapolis, MN 55402 Michael Weaver, Partner Phone (612-492-6114) weaver.michael@dorsey.com www.dorsey.com

E EcoEngineers 909 Locust Street, Suite 202 Des Moines, IA 50309 Jim Ramm, Vice President of Sales Phone (515-985-1260) jramm@ecoengineers.us www.ecoengineers.us Energy Inc. 20 Sierra Morena Mews Southwest Suite 307 Calgary, AB T3H 3K6 Canada Rosmin Madhani, Manager Phone (403-217-7646) rosminmadhani@shaw.ca ca.linkedin.com/in/rmadhani

Exchanger Industries Limited 140 Quarry Park Southeast #120 Calgary, AB T2C 3G3 Canada Paul Murphy, Senior Manager Phone (403-510-4200) paul.murphy@exchangerindustries.com www.exchangerindustries.com

F Fagen, Inc. 501 West Hwy 212 Granite Falls, MN 56241 William Stark, Vice President of Business Development Phone (320-564-5284) wstark@fageninc.com www.fageninc.com

Energy Integration Inc., LLC 710 Sunshine Canyon Drive Boulder, CO 80302 Bill Schafer, CEO Phone (303-517-2130) bill@energyintegrationinc.com energyintegrationinc.com

Fagus GreCon, Inc. 648 Griffith Road, Suite A Charlotte, NC 28217 Todd Havican, Director of Sales Phone (704-912-0000) Fax (704-973-9733) sales@grecon.us fagus-grecon.us

Energy3 International, LLC 1997 Annapolis Exchange Parkway Suite 300 Annapolis, MD 21401 Patrick Saty, Chief Operations Officer Phone (410-271-4053) psaty@energy3i.com www.energy3i.com

FCI Financial Services, Inc. 20910 East Ida Avenue #110 Aurora, CO 80015 Jospeh Leslie, President Phone (303-680-6318) Fax (303-680-5475) fcifin@aol.com www.machineryleasing.com

Equinox 4255 43rd Avenue South Fargo, ND 58104 Kyle Althoff Phone (303-910-6052) kalthoff@equinox8.com www.equinox8.com

Fluid Technology Solutions (FTS) Inc. 2482 Ferry Street Southwest Albany, OR 97322 John Tracy Phone (978-395-1590) john.tracy@ftsh2o.com www.ftsh2o.com

ESI Inc. of Tennessee 1250 Roberts Boulevard Northwest Kennesaw, GA 30144 Don Traywick, Vice President of Business Development Phone (770-427-6200) dtraywick@esitenn.com esitenn.com

Forest Concepts, LLC 3320 West Valley Hwy North, Suite D110 Auburn, WA 98001 Mike Perry, CEO Phone (253-333-9663) mperry@forestconcepts.com www.forestconcepts.com

Ethanol Producer Magazine 308 Second Avenue North Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 Customer Service Phone (701-746-8385) service@bbiinternational.com www.ethanolproducer.com

Foss & Company Matt Lauer ir@fossandco.com www.fossandco.com Franklin Howard 777 South Post Oak Lane, Suite 1700 Houston, TX 77056 US Obinna Nwadike Phone (281-815-1527) Fax (281-815-1529) onwadike@franklinhoward.com www.franklinhoward.com

CarbonCaptureMagazine.com 31

COMPANY INDEX FutureMetrics 8 Airport Road Bethel, ME 04217 William Strauss, President Phone (207-357-8708) williamstrauss@futuremetrics.com www.futuremetrics.com

G GECA Environnement 4018 Avenue des Pyrenees Quebec, ON G1P 3L9 Canada Melissa Leung, Director of Business Development Phone (418-265-8650) melissa.leung@gecaenviro.com www.gecaenviro.com Georgia Adobe LP 231 Harris Lord Cemetery Road Commerce, GA 30530 Joe Woodall, Alternative Energy Systems Phone (706-363-6453) sales@georgiaadobe.com www.georgiaadobe.com/bio-fuel--alcohol-facilities.html Geospace Technologies Corp. 7007 Pinemont Drive Houston, TX 77064 Peter Zhang, Manager Phone (713-210-9463) pzhang@geospace.com geospace.com Glanris 11042 Wildwood Drive Olive Branch, MS 38654 Bryan Eagle, CEO Phone (901-312-7700) bryan@glanris.com www.glanris.com Global Drilling Resources 777 South Post Oak Lane, Suite 1700 Houston, TX 77056 Customer Service Phone (281-815-1527) Fax (281-815-1529) sales@drillingresources.com www.drillingresources.com Government of Saskatchewan, Ministry of Environment 102-112 Research Drive Saskatoon, SK S7N 3R3 Canada Nadeem Bakhsh, Environmental Protection Officer Phone (306-381-8120) nadeem.bakhsh@gov.sk.ca www.saskatchewan.ca

Gravitas Infinitum 9128 Strada Place #10115 Naples, FL 34103 Tyler Wood, Director of ESG & Sustainability Phone (617-899-6745) tyler@gravitasinfinitum.com www.carbotura.com Green Carbon Technologies, LLC PO Box 742046 Dallas, TX 75374 James Lind, CEO Phone (972-290-0050) jlind@greencarbontechnologies.com www.greencarbontechnologies.com

H HEMCO Corporation 711 South Powell Road Independence, MO 64056 Jerry Schwarz, Marketing Phone (800-779-4362) Fax (816-796-3333) jerry.schwarz@hemcocorp.com www.hemcocorp.com Hexas 900 Jefferson Street Southeast #1113 Olympia, WA 98501 Wendy Owens, CEO Phone (360-890-0775) info@hexas.com hexas.com Husch Blackwell 13330 California Street, Suite 200 Omaha, NE 68154 David Gardels, Partner Phone (402-964-5000) david.gardels@huschblackwell.com www.huschblackwell.com/ industries_services/carbon-capturesequestration

I IMA 430 East Douglas Wichita, KS 67202 Kenneth Hallacy, Insurance/Surety/ Benefits/Risk Management Phone (316-266-6370) kenneth.hallacy@imacorp.com www.imacorp.com Industrial & Environmental Concepts (IEC) 21390 Heywood Avenue Lakeville, MN 55044 Dave Anderson, Technical Sales Phone (952-240-3321) anderson@ieccovers.com www..ieccovers.com

32 CARBON CAPTURE MAGAZINE ISSUE 1, 2022

International Biomass Conference & Expo 308 Second Avenue North Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 Customer Service Phone (701-746-8385) service@bbiinternational.com www.biomassconference.com International Fuel Ethanol Workshop & Expo 308 Second Avenue North Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 Customer Service Phone (701-746-8385) service@bbiinternational.com www.fuelethanolworkshop.com IQA Solutions Inc. 4089 East Conant Street Long Beach, CA 90808 Lawrence Chen, Business Development Manager Phone (562-392-6957) lchen@iqasolutions.com iqasolutions.com

J Jenike & Johanson, Inc. 400 Business Park Drive Tyngsboro, MA 01879 Brina Pittenger, Vice President Phone (978-649-3300) Fax (978-649-3399) info@jenike.com www.jenike.com

K Kentucky Department of Agriculture 105 Corporate Drive Frankfort, KY 40601 Timothy Hughes, Senior Trade Advisor Phone (502-782-9265) timd.hughes@ky.gov www.kyagr.com/trade Keystone International Capital Cunsulting Group 2941 Beacon Hill Drive West Linn, OR 97068 Patrick Ghere, Managing Member Phone (503-657-0440) patghere@keycapint.com www.keycapint.com Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP 607 14th Street Northwest, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20005 Mark Riedy, Partner-Chair-Energy Practice Phone (202-508-5823) Fax (202-318-4087) mriedy@kilpatricktownsend.com www.kilpatricktownsend.com

Kutak Rock LLP 1650 Farnam Street Omaha, NE 68102 David Bracht, Attorney Phone (402-346-6000) Fax (402-346-1148) david.bracht@kutakrock.com www.kutakrock.com

L Life Cycle Associates, LLC 884 Portola Road, Suite A11 Portola Valley, CA 94028 Stefan Unnasch, Managing Director Phone (650-461-9048) outreach@lifecycleassociates.com www.lifecycleassociates.com Linde, Inc. 10 Riverview Drive Danbury, CT 06810 Al Burgunder, Director of Clean Hydrogen Phone (203-837-2970) al.burgunder@linde.com www.linde.com Luminate, LLC 1801 Broadway, Suite 1620 Denver, CO 80202 Melissa Ochs, Marketing Phone (303-860-7627) melissa.ochs@luminatellc.com www.luminatellc.com

M MapSnapper 2350 State Hwy 121, Suite 3020 Euless, TX 76039 Wayne Hoskins, President Phone (817-781-3329) whoskins@mapsnapper.com mapsnapper.com McGrath North First National Tower 1601 Dodge Street, Suite 3700 Omaha, NE 68102 Steve Case, Shareholder Phone (402-341-3070) Fax (402-341-0216) scase@mcgrathnorth.com www.mcgrathnorth.com Merjent, Inc. 1 Southeast Main Street, Suite 300 Minneapolis, MN 55414 Paul Mordorski, Biofuels Sector Lead Phone (612-643-5249) paul.mordorski@merjent.com www.merjent.com

Methanology AG Gewerbestr. 8 Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Schaffhausen CH-8212 Switzerland Heinz Hackl, Member of Advisory Board Phone (41-79-340-92-12) heinz@methanology.com methanology.com MicroBio Engineering, Inc. 3988 Short Street #100 San Luis Obispo, CA 934001 John Benemann, CEO Phone (805-242-3540) info@microbioengineering.com www.microbioengineering.com MicroBioGen 78 Waterloo Road, Level 4 Macquarie Park, NSW 2113 Australia Geoff Bell, CEO Phone (61-432-428-882) geoff.bell@microbiogen.com www.microbiogen.com

N National Carbon Capture Conference & Expo 308 Second Avenue North Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 Customer Service Phone (701-746-8385) service@bbiinternational.com nationalcarboncaptureconference.com Navigator CO2 Ventures 2626 Cole Avenue, Suite 900 Dallas, TX 75204 Heartland Greenway, Business Development Phone (402-520-7089) info@navigatorco2.com www.navigatorco2.com Northern Crops Institute PO Box 6050 1240 Bolley Drive Fargo, ND 58108 Mark Jirik, Director Phone (701-231-7736) mark.jirik@ndsu.edu www.northern-crops.com

O Olson Search International, Inc. PO Box 3468 Boulder, CO 80307 Jon Olson, President Phone (425-786-9853) Fax (425-954-8991) jon@olsonsearch.com www.olsonsearch.com

P Pacific AgriTec, LLC PO Box 7202 Santa Maria, CA 93456 William Clary, President/CEO Phone (978-270-0755) billclary@phyco2.us Pellet Mill Magazine 308 Second Avenue North Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 Customer Service Phone (701-746-8385) service@bbiinternational.com https://biomassmagazine.com/pelletmill-magazine/ Precision Combustion, Inc. 410 Sackett Point Road North Haven, CT 06473 Stewart Rosenberg, Direct Air Capture Phone (203-287-3700) srosenberg@precision-combustion.com

www.precision-combustion.com ProFlow, Inc. 303 State Street North Haven, CT 06473 Larry Bee, Vice President Phone (203-672-9327) larry_bee@proflow-inc.com www.proflow-inc.com PuriFire Labs Limited Station Road Salisbury, Cambridge United Kingdom Neel Shah, Founder & CEO Phone (44-0-7715562635) neel@purifirelabs.com www.purifirelabs.com

R Redecam USA, LLC 5970 Fairview Road, Suite 440 Charlotte, NC 28210 Salvatore Gallo, President Phone (704-969-8811) sgallo@redecam.com www.redecam.com

S Soil Reef LLC 1125 Lancaster Avenue Berwyn, PA 19312 C. Peter Eckrich, Managing Director Phone (610-649-8400) char-help@soilreef.com www.soilreef.com

Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox PLLC 1100 New York Avenue Northwest Suite 600 Washington, DC 20005 Peter Jackman, Director Phone (202-772-8582) pjackman@sternekessler.com www.sternekessler.com Strobel Fabrication 913 17th Avenue Central City, NE 68826 Larry Myers, Client Development Phone (308-624-4999) lmyers@strobelenergy.com www.strobelfabrication.com Summit Carbon Solutions 2321 North Loop Drive #221 Ames, IA 50010 Jake Ketzner, Director of Government Affairs Phone (515-531-2635) info@summitcarbon.com summitcarbonsolutions.com Sustainable Energy Solutions, A Chart Industries Company 1489 West 105 North Orem, UT 84057 Chris Varnado, Director of Carbon Capture Business Development Phone (281-725-4875) info@sesinnovation.com www.chartindustries.com/ccc Syntek Resource Corporation 2143 18th Avenue Court Greeley, CO 80631 Sandra Robnett, Chairman/CEO Phone (970-356-9004) Fax (970-356-9004) syntekrescorp@gmail.com www.interasset.org SYSADVANCE Rua Comendador Brandao, 461 Povoa de Varzim, 4495-375 Portugal Phone (351-252-143-670) energy@sysadvance.com www.sysadvance.com

T Tecenex Co. PO Box 1223 Stuart, FL 34995 JK Larssen, Director Phone (800-674-2707) tecenex@live.com tecenex.com

The Appalachian Renewal Project 239 Great Plain Avenue Needham, MA 02492 Clifford Smith, Managing Director Phone (781-504-2900) clifford.smith@appalachianrenewal.com

appalachianrenewal.com The Nielsen Group 225 South State Avenue Alpena, MI 49707 Ken Nielsen Phone (989-255-2360) kennielsen@the-nielsen-group.com www.the-nielsen-group.com TRC Environmental Corp. 7521 Brush Hill Road Willowbrook, IL 60527 Daniel Grabowski, Project Director Phone (630-561-1094) dgrabowski@trccompanies.com www.trccompanies.com Trihydro Corporation 1252 Commerce Drive Laramie, WY 82070 William Kelly, Regional Development Phone (904-513-9742) bkelly@trihydro.com www.trihydro.com True Eco Sdn Bhd No. 2A-1, Jalan Equine 10B, Taman Equine Pusat Bandar Putra Permai Seri Kembangan, Selangor 43300 Malaysia Elaine Wong, Director Phone (01-2355-2365) elainewong@true-eco.com www.true-eco.com

U U.S. Senator Deb Fischer 11819 Miracle Hills Drive Omaha, NE 68145 Neil Moseman, State Energy Director Phone (402-398-0288) neil_moseman@fischer.senate.gov www.fischer.senate.gov ucrop.it 7837 Green Hope School Road Cary, NC 27519 Diego Angelo, Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Phone (919-747-1476) diego.angelo@ucrop.it www.ucrop.it

Tecnored Av. Eng. Luiz Dumont Villares, Km 2 Pindamonhangaba 12442-260 Brazil Alexandre Pedroso, Project Manager Phone (125-0508-0650) agpedroso1@outlook.com www.tecnored.com.br/en/home

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COMPANY INDEX University of Edinburgh School of GeoSciences Kings Buildings Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FE United Kingdom Stuart Haszeldine, Professor of Carbon Capture & Storage Phone (441316508549) s.haszeldine@ed.ac.uk www.ed.ac.uk/geosciences/research/ institutes-centres/institutes/earthplanetary-science/edinburgh-ea US Oil & Gas Technology Group PO Box 204 Sugar Land, TX 77487 Dannis Jen, President Phone (713-261-5241) djen99@hotmail.com naturalgastechnology.webs.com

V Vallourec USA Corporation 2107 Citywest Houston, TX 77042 Joe Hill, Sr. Director of Energy Transition & New Business Phone (713-320-2530) Fax (713-320-2530) joe.hill@vallourec.com www.vallourec.com

Valverde Power Solutions Inc. 5600 Tennyson Parkway, Suite 390 Plano, TX 75024 Gareth Roberts, CEO Phone (469-573-8754) gareth.roberts@ valverdepowersolutions.com www.valverdepowersolutions.com Vanguard Global Enterprises, Inc. 821 La Plaza Avenue South South Pasadena, FL 33707 Y.Z. Lahav Phone (727-710-1380) Fax (727-544-2543) yzleop@yahoo.com Vectra Technologies T&S (Vectra-Tech) PO Box 10968 Al Mirqab, Building 40, Suite 1101 Doha Qatar Javeed Khan Phone (974-414-00105) Fax (974-414-00105) info@vectra-tech.com www.vectra-tech.com Viking Pump 406 State Street Cedar Falls, IA 50613 Kyle Benning Phone (319-939-1316) kbenning@idexcorp.com www.vikingpump.com

W Weaver 2300 North Field Street, Suite 1000 Dallas, TX 75201 Rob Myatt, Partner Phone (972-448-9208) rob.myatt@weaver.com weaver.com Weaver and Tidwell, LLP 120 West 45th Street, Suite 2800 New York, NY 10036 David Bennett, Partner Phone (212-364-1881) david.bennett@weaver.com www.weaver.com Western Plains Energy, LLC 3022 County Road 18 Oakley, KS 67748 Derek Peine, CEO Phone (785-672-8810) dpeine@wpellc.com wpellc.com Wolf Carbon Solutions US 1600 Broadway, Suite 1900 Denver, CO 80202 Business Development Phone (403-781-8181) info@wolfcarbonsolutions.com www.wolfcarbonsolutions.com

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Wolf Material Handling Systems 12680 Industrial Boulevard Elk River, MN 55330 Howard Brockhouse, Sales & Marketing Manager Phone (763-576-9040) sales@wolfmhs.com www.wolfmhs.com

Y Yilkins Postbus 8210 Groningen 9702KE Netherlands Maikel Van Loo Phone (31850-07-0553) info@yilkins.com www.yilkins.com

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