Student Projects in Landscape History: 2005-2020 (Volume I Pt. II)
LANDSCAPE INCORPORATED INTO BUILDINGS
V.
The model of the Island Enclosure or Maritime Theatre, as it is often called, details the colonnade with annular vault that surrounds the moat that in turn surrounds on all sides the multi-room island retreat with its two drawbridges. To view the interior of these rooms the model divides in two.
The Island Enclosure, Hadrian’s Villa
Jenna Ritz Fall 2019
The model and exploded axon of its reconstruction process displays one of the geometrically complex buildings at Hadrian’s Villa. By allowing the roof and central structure to lift, the model reveals the plan, section, and elevation of the Smaller Baths.
The Smaller Baths at Hadrian’s Villa
Bobby Cheng Fall 2019
One of several models of buildings at Hadrian’s Villa which incorporate water and landscape. Shown is a model of the Scenic Triclinium, displaying its 121m-long canal, the semi-domed stibadium surrounded by channels of water, the semi-circular pool at its base and the water stairs within niches around and above it. Looking down or into the model is the receding crypt with its niches, terminal apse, and miniature aqueducts.
The Scenic Triclinium at Hadrian’s Villa
Laélia Vaulot Fall 2019
VI.
MODELS OF LANDSCAPE GARDENS
The large-scale model, 3D printed and assembled, conveys in great detail Carlo Scarpa’s BrionVega garden cemetery.
Scarpa’s Brion Cemetery
Jason Roberts Fall 2013
Evolution of the King’s Privy Garden at Hampton Court
The project consists of four engraved plexiglass plates, each representing one period in the design of the Privy Garden at Hampton Court during the reigns of Henry VIII, Charles I, Charles II, and William III, placed on top of each other and in alignment with a wooden model of Hampton Court Palace which disassembles to show its own historical transformations. In lifting off or adding on each plate one can go back and forth in time to see how a garden, albeit a kingly garden, changes over time but always within the same boundaries.
Amir Mikhaeil Spring 2012
The Great Parterre at Hampton Court
An illustrative model of the Great Parterre at Hampton Court under William and Mary based on Daniel Marot’s drawing for it.
Michelle Chen Spring 2016
The Hexagonal Fortified Garden at Blenheim
A wooden model based on Charles Bridgeman’s plan, 1712, of Henry Wise’s design for an enormous, fortified hexagonal garden at Blenheim.
Aude Jomini Spring 2010
Hexagonal Fortified Garden
Jamie Edindjiklian Spring 2017
The large model of an original design emphasizes the importance which topiary and hedging play in the gardens of England.
All Green Garden
Model of William Chambers’ Landscape at Kew for the Dowager Princess Augusta
Plan and elevations of William Chambers’ circuit walk at Kew Gardens, created for Augusta, Dowager Princess of Wales, 1750s-1770s, based on the plan of Kew Gardens, 1763 in the British Library. To see how Chambers’ follies might have appeared in plan, the project shows them laying flat around the L-shaped lake with ha-ha. In elevation, the buildings are supported by attached stands which convey three-dimensionally a walk through world architecture, including classical temples, Roman ruins, Moorish, Turkish, Chinese, and Gothic buildings.
Yu Wang Spring 2010
VII.
COLOR
IN LANDSCAPE
Colors in the Main Flower Border by Gertrude Jekyll
Buzatu
The model, running 8 feet, demonstrates the importance of color in Gertrude Jekyll’s herbaceous borders. Drawing on Jekyll’s planting plan for the main hardy flower border, illustrated in her book Colour Schemes for the Flower Garden, each flower was identified and the corolla extracted into a book of monochrome colors. Similarly, the shape which Jekyll gives to each plant in her plan was scanned, digitally traced, then laser cut into acrylic shapes corresponding to each flower. In order to achieve color in the model, the CMYK values which could be found in Denise’s book of monochrome colors were selected, applied to paper which was sandwiched in between two acrylic pieces, then glued together for each shape. Finally, the height of each flower was identified and appropriately given the correctly scaled height by lifting each flower on a wooden stake. The result is a remarkable model of a key element of design in the landscape history of flowers.
Denisa
Fall 2017
Colors
Main Flower Border by Gertrude Jekyll
WHITE PEA C:
MISCANTHUS SINENSIS
Colors
Main Flower Border by Gertrude Jekyll
SALVIA PATENS
C: 84 M: 75 Y: 0 K: 0
ACHILEA FILIPNDULINA
C: 3 M: 3 Y: 97 K: 0
SOAPWORT
Colors
Main Flower Border by Gertrude Jekyll
Selected spreads from a book which displays monochrome sheets of color derived from photographs taken on a class trip to England over spring break 2015 of details of color found in the British landscape. Selected colors were then transformed into paint jars.
Chroma Britannica
Peter McInish Spring 2015
chroma britannica or studies of colour
in the
british landscape & garden
this book frames a study of colour in the British landscape, and, in particular, the garden. Long the subject of investigation by designers, planters, and artists alike, colour opens a vast territory when viewed against the compositional trajectory of landscape architecture in Britain: just as Poussin and Claude inspired the moving of earth, the erection of temples, and the felling of trees, so too may Turner and Constable command the distribution of tones, the combinations of materials, and the arrangement of light and dark in an ever-changing environment. William Gilpin, setting out to define the nature of the picturesque, concluded that while nature always provides a beautiful palette, her compositions often fail to produce an overarching harmony. This volume contains one set of values necessary to understand the harmonies produced by the balance of visual material. By selecting and distilling a swath of colours from a direct encounter with the garden, the study of hue and saturation may advance without restaint and may renew a more scientific understanding of composition.
rousham lawn
blenheim stone
blenheim carpet
blenheim wool
magdalen bluebell
ERUDITE FUN
Games, Coloring Books, Toys, Kits, Pop-up Books
The Letters of the Younger Pliny
Filipp Blyakher
Fall 2017
A pop-up book of scenes of Pliny’s Tuscan Villa described in The Letters of the Younger Pliny uses forced perspectives and layering to create depth of scenery. Included in these pages in sequence are Pliny’s colonnade, a view of the wider landscape which incorporates Karl Freidrich Schinkel’s interpretative drawing of the Villa, the extension of the bath complex, the stibadium with its pool of water, and the famous Hippodrome garden.
Erudite
Erudite
Erudite Fun
Erudite
Ancient Roman Tea Service Set
Inspired by Varro’s Aviary
Nicholas Miller Fall 2018
Tea service set inspired by Swid Powell’s post-modern tea sets with accompanying drawings of Varro’s Aviary.
Tea Set (left to right): Tholos for hot water; Skyphos for tea; Herm for cream; Avis Caveam (bird cage) for tea bags; Labrum (bird bath) for sugar bowl
Stourhead Walk Board Game
The project transforms Henry Hoare’s landscape garden, Stourhead, into a game with game board, miniature players, and instructions on how to play it.
Alan Knox Spring 2008
Coloring the British Landscape
Ha Min Joo Spring 2017
A coloring book of hand-drawn sketches, one for coloring by number and one for coloring as one wishes as shown on the cover. For the color-by-number, the project provides a color chart and matching colored pencils contained in their own wooden box.
A Kit of Temples
A kit of parts, each contained within their own identifiable bag, made to assemble into four iconic follies in the British landscape as seen on a class trip to England over spring break, 2016.
Madelynn Ringo Spring 2016
A build-your-own model kit containing the Mausoleum (assembled), Temple of the Four Winds, and Pyramid at Castle Howard.
Castle Howard Model Kit
Richard Green Spring 2017
Through the Gates at Castle Howard
Talley Burns Spring 2010
A flip book documenting the sequence of movement through the Carrmire Gate and Pyramid Gate on the Roman road at Castle Howard. Scenes were shot from a bus to simulate the approximate height of a rider on a horse crossing the Howardian landscape.
Constructing Landscapes with Alexander Cozens
The project is a kit of laser-cut wooden parts of objects and printed paper glued on acrylic plates of clouds in a wooden box to be inserted into a viewing board to construct a landscape composition based on Alexander Cozens’ The Various Species of Landscape, &c. in Nature. Both Cozens’ printed list of Composition, Objects, and Circumstance to be used in making your own landscape, printed on the back of the lid of the box, and Instructions by Kristin on how to assemble the various parts are provided. A few completed landscapes are presented here.
Kristin Mueller Fall 2009
with Alexander Cozens
with Alexander Cozens
with Alexander Cozens
with Alexander Cozens
Surprising
Scenes from Oriental Gardens
Ng Spring 2017
A pop-up book which interprets a few of Sir William Chambers’ extravagant descriptions of Oriental (‘Chinese‘) gardens from his treatise, A Dissertation on Oriental Gardening, 1772.
Cecily
Animated Drawing
Anthony Gagliardi and Pearl Ho Spring 2016
An animated illustration of landscape elements seen on a school trip to British gardens over spring break, March, 2016. To activate, go to:
Zych’s project in book format contextualizes the presence of follies in landscape history with a provocative Introduction and analyzes a wide variety of them. Presented here are six of the fourteen follies selected, each having their own identifiable characteristic.
Kit for Laying Out Your Own Parterre de Broderie
Cecily Ng’s project is a box which contains parts needed to design your own parterre de broderie out of paper: square card boards in the top shelf over which green cut-outs of box in the middle drawer can be placed as well as white floriated cut-outs from the bottom drawer.
Cecily Ng Fall 2016
DRAWING THE LANDSCAPE
Twelve Perspective Views of Stowe
Naomi Darling’s twelve perspective views of Stowe are drawn from the spots shown on her plan where Jacques Rigaud, 1739, and Jean Baptiste Claud Chatelaine, 1756, composed their own views of Stowe with figures dressed in period fashion as are the figures in Naomi’s collages. Her views of Stowe are riffs on John Goto’s suite of drawings of the English landscape, “High Summer.”
Naomi Darling Spring 2006
The set of renderings presents an alternative to Thomas Heatherwick’s design with traditional garden elements for his proposed Garden Bridge over the Thames.
Picturesque Landscape of the Garden Bridge Over the Thames
Leah Abrams Spring 2015
The Ha-Ha in British Landscape
Maureen Ponto
Spring 2012
Presented here are the ha-ha in the paddock at Rousham, the ha-ha behind the house at Stourhead, the urban ha-ha below the Royal Crescent in Bath, and the combination ha-ha and bastion wall at Stowe.
Ha-ha at Rousham
Ha-ha at Stourhead
Ha-ha at Bath
Ha-ha at Stowe
A Drawing of Rousham
The drawing follows the multiple perspectives used by an unknown artist in The House and Gardens at Llanerch, Denbigshire, laid out by Mutton Davies, 1662.
Painting in New Haven, Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection.
Ilana Simhon Spring 2017
A watercolor series of statues found in the gardens of Rousham.
Statues of Rousham
Lang Wang Spring 2012
of a Painted Wall Paper Frieze of the British Landscape in Several Sections
This project is a painted wallpaper frieze that depicts a panoramic rendering of British landscape monuments and buildings seen on a class trip to England and placed next to their historical precedents. Hence, Nicholas Hawksmoor’s Pyramid at Castle Howard sits on its hill in front of the Pyramids of Egypt or Sir John Vanbrugh’s Temple of the Four Winds at Castle Howard below the Villa Rotunda. To reinforce the historicist spirit of her frieze, Gina includes several animated figures in ancient Roman garb, large in scale, marching through the British landscape.
Drawing
Gina Cannistra Spring 2017
Stage Set of an English Garden
In the manner of Inigo Jones’ drawings for masques at the Banqueting House, Whitehall
Stephanie Jazmines and Belinda Lee
Spring 2015
Drawing on Inigo Jones’ stage set designs for masques at the Banqueting House, Whitehall, Stephanie Jazmines and Belinda Lee made their own stage set on canvas for an imagined play. The huge drawing perspectively looks through a central triumphal arch with a keystone, supported by Ionic columns, and down a balustraded staircase to the landscape of Stourhead, shown with its Palladian bridge to the far right of the scrim and the Flitcroft Pantheon in the far distance, beyond a lake depicted as wilder than the clearly demarcated lake by Hoare.
Temple, Follies, and Pavilions in the British Landscape: A Watercolor Drawing
Shannon McGoldrick
Spring 2018
The beautifully rendered drawing in pencil and watercolor, measuring 21” x 55”, is a collage which reads bottom upwards a terrace with balustrades through which Vanbrugh’s bridge at Blenheim is rendered, a garden wall with the Beaufort Classical gate by Inigo Jones moved to Chiswick by Lord Burlington in the central bottom half, through the opening of which can be seen across a lake the Temple of Apollo at Stourhead with scenes above it of the Pantheon at Stourhead on the left, St. Peter’s church, Stourhead in the middle, the Privy Garden at Hampton Court on the right, and above these the Pyramid, Castle Howard on the left, the Temple of Ancient Virtue, Stowe in the middle, the Palladian bridge, Stourhead on the upmost left and the British countryside at the top right.
x 55”)
Garrett Hardee’s Hunt for Britannia, is a large roll of wallpaper, 30” x 125,” composed of scenes of the British landed gentry of today engaged in a variety of field sports and encircled within wreaths of birds are several activies depicted at Castle Howard: bird shooting with field dogs near the Mausoleum; walking with dogs on the old Henderskelf Road; returning to the Castle after refreshments at the Temple of the Four Winds. At Blenheim, people are horseback riding. At Fountains Abbey, riding to the hounds. At William Kent’s stables at Rousham, riders are ending or beginning their rides; and at one of the two Boycott Pavilions at Stowe, there is more riding with hounds. Hardee’s renderings end with a walk by Capability Brown’s lake at Blenheim. Field sports are an important aspect of the landscape parks in Britain, too often overlooked. This project, beautifully drawn, corrects, this omission.
Hunt for Britannia (30” x 125”)
Garrett Hardee Spring 2017
Botanicum Imperatoria
Volume One: Italia
Christine Pan Fall 2019
“In the Renaissance, gardens were reflctions of political and economic power.
Wealthy families collected exotic plants in the same way that they accumulated large quantities of paintings, sculptures, or precious objects.
These plants were displayed in large gardens that were on view to Roman society, a public index of the geographic and financial reach of the gardens’ owners.”*
*Author’s description in quotation marks
Botanicum Imperialis
Volume Two: Great Britain
Christine
Pan Spring 2020
“With the advent of the British Empire and the influence of the East India Company, an increasing amount of botanical knowledge was availalbe to 18th century Britain.
Many plants that we are familiar with today have their origins in Asia, and were only brought to light through the effects of globalization and exploration.
In the early 18th century, missionaries were the first to reach the shores of the ‘Orient.’ They sent back specimens, seeds, drawings, and descriptions of plants they encountered, sparking interest and passion in Europe.
Nurseries, collectors, and botanical gardens dispatched botanists and plant hunters, who trekked through Asia and brought back plants that would survive in England.
These plants became status symbols of the Victorian era, and the wealthy filled their gardens and greenhouses with new plants. Some of these plants have become so familiar to us today that it is easy to forget their origins.”
*Author’s description in quotation marks
BOTANICUM IMPERIALIS
VOL II
Great Britain
rhododendron indicum
Family: Ericaceae
Duration: Perennial
Type: Broadleaf Evergreen
The azalea is native to Japan. Its name comes from the Greek words rhodo meaning rose and dendron meaning tree. Rhododendron species are found growing in the wild in many parts of the world.
Azalea
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Duration: Perennial Growth: Shrub
The butterfly bush is native to Sichuan and Hubei provinces in China, and also Japan. The scientific name is after the French missionary and plant hunter Father Armand David. The plant is frequently used as an ornamental shrub and their flowers are an excellent nectar source for many butterfly species.
Butterfly Bush buddleja davidii
Family: Theaceae
Duration: Evergreen
Growth: Shrub or small tree
The camellia sinensis is used primarily for its leaves, which are processed to become tea. Tea plants are native to East Asia, probably originating in southwestern China. Drinking tea became popular in Britain during the 17th century, and tea production and consumption became a leading driver of the British economy.
Camellia camellia sinensis
Chrysanthemum
chrysanthemum indicum
Family: Asteraceae
Duration: Perennial
Growth: Sub-shrub
The chrysanthemum was first cultivated in China as far back as the 15th century BC. The flowers are frequently consumed as tea, and the leaves can be eaten as greens. The first news of the chysanthemum reached Britain in the 17th century, but the flower was not successfully raised until the 19th century. Plant hunter Robert Fortune brought back a chrysanthemum plant in 1846 that served as the earliest cultivation source in the UK.
Clematis clematis
Family: Ranunculaceae
Duration: Deciduous or evergreen
Growth: Woody Liana
The wild clematis is native to China, but had made its way to Japanese gardens by the 17th century. These plants were the first to reach Europe. The name comes from the Greek meaning “climbing plant.” In Victorian flower language, the clematis could represent mental beauty and art as well as poverty.
Forsythia forsythia
Family: Oleaceae
Duration: Deciduous
Growth: Shrub
The forsythia is native to East Asia, the first varietal seen in a Japanese garden by botanist Carl Peter Thunberg with the Dutch East India Company in 1784, reaching Holland in 1833 and England by the 1850s. It was considered a rarity, and later plant hunters continued to seek it out, finding other species across China.
Hydrangea hydrangea macrophylla
Family: Hydrangeaceae
Duration: Deciduos or Evergreen Growth: Shrub, tree, liana
The Hydrangea is native to Asia and the Americas. The name comes from Greek, meaning “water vessel.” The plant was first seem in 1777 by Carl Peter Thunberg in Japan. The first hydrangeas in Britain came in 1788 to Sir Joseph Banks, who presented the plant to Kew Gardens.
Family: Magnoliaceae
Duration: Deciduous
Growth: Tree
The Chinese magnolia is native to central and eastern China and was cultivated in Buddhist temples from 600 AD. The introduction of this species as well as other native Asian magnolia to Britain allowed the cultivation of other hybridized species.
Magnolia magnolia denudata
Peach prunus persica
Family: Rosaceae
Duration: Deciduous
Growth: Tree
The peach is native to northwestern China, where it was domesticated and cultivated since the neolithic period. The peach tree made it first to the Americas, via Spanish explorers in the 16th century, and to England in the 17th century where it was a rare and expensive fruit.
Family: Hamamelidaceae
Duration: Deciduous
Growth: Shrub or tree
There are two species of witch hazel endemic to China and Japan. The name comes from the Middle English wiche, from the Old English wice, meaning pliant or bendable. The plant-hunter Charles Maries collected witch hazel for Veitch Nurseries from the Chinese district of Jiujiang in 1879. It was ultimately propagated and put on the market in 1902, as an ornamental plant.
Witch Hazel hamamelis
Drawing the British Landscape
Drawing of sites visited on a class trip to England, Spring, 2018.
Elizabeth Nadai Spring 2018
Bridges in the British Landscape
“Ranging from only a few meters to over 200 meters, the bridges of English gardens are drawn to the same size, eliminating shifts in monumentality in order to highlight their individual character. The bridges are composed on the page geographically and linked through the rivers over which they span, including the New River, and Rivers Glyme and Thames. The interconnection of the bridges through their respective bodies of water eclipse the distinct boundaries of the garden estates.”
*Author’s description in quotation marks
Kelsey Rico Spring 2020
Postcards of Ruins
David Schaengold Spring 2020
Robert Morgenthau, Jr. who worked for Presidents Roosevelt and Truman, proposed to de-industrialize all of Germany and turn it into a rural, agrarian economy so that it could never rearm again. The Plan was rejected. This project imagines the Plan implemented and the postcards show parts of Germany re-imagined in a British landscape setting.
In order of appearance:
Kolner Dom 1955 Cologne Cathedral set at Chatsworth House Reichstag Berlin 1975 Semi-ruined Reichstag set at Stowe Munchen 1985 Ruins of Munich set at Capability Brown’s Croome Court
Painting the British Sky
Hunter Hughes Spring 2018
A series of sky paintings on BKF or watercolor paper which call to mind John Constable’s sky paintings, many of which are in the collection of the Yale Center for British Art.
When Tillage Begins, Other Arts Follow
Elise Barker-Limon’s project, entitled “When tillage begins other arts follow,” renders in the form of a textile the lasting imprint of the centuratio on the Italian landscape in the Veneto based on a contemporary aerial view of the land surrounding Palladio’s Villa Emo. Her work, in the form of checkerboard patterns made from pieces of cut cloth, were stitched together into a whole. Elise then sewed a small model of the Villa Emo onto her textile and photographed her project in the agrarian landscape of Norfolk, England.
