AuntMinnie.com's 2023 Buyer's Guide by auntminnie

20 23

Buyer’s Guide THE ULTIM AT E GU I DE TO R AD IOLOGY PR O D U CTS A N D SERVIC E S

Shared Imaging

Esaote MYCO Medical

Polarean Imaging

Index

06 07

8 ways to reduce musculoskeletal pain from the radiology workstation Healthcare Administrative Partners (HAP)

Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents Gadoterate Meglumine Injection, USP Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents Gadobutrol Injection Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Sincalide for Injection

AdvaHealth Solutions HR Pharmaceuticals, Inc. RamSoft, Inc.

2022 Minnies Winners

Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc.

Advertising Directory

MRIequip DirectMed

Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents

Radiologists have central role in improving health equity

Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents Iodixanol Injection, USP

2022 ServiceTrak Winners presented by IMV

8 ways to reduce musculoskeletal pain from the radiology workstation More than 75% of radiologists report that they experience musculoskeletal discomfort from using workstations, but there are at least eight ways to mitigate the problem, according to a survey published December 29 in Academic Radiology. Awareness of basic ergonomic parameters -- and their implementation -- goes a long way toward making hours spent at the workstation more comfortable, wrote a team led by Dr. Helena Bentley of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. “Knowledge of ergonomics is associated with decreased musculoskeletal discomfort and ... those in the radiology workforce with greater self-reported knowledge of ergonomics have a decreased likelihood of musculoskeletal discomfort,” they wrote. Ergonomics is an attempt to ease wear and tear on the body in the workplace, but not much research has been conducted to assess ergonomics

in radiology settings, Bentley and colleagues explained. To address this knowledge gap, the investigators conducted a questionnaire study that included 191 radiologists and radiology residents who were members of the Canadian Association of Radiologists; most (61%) worked in academic settings and 75.9% were staff radiologists. The survey

0 6

assessed participants’ experience of radiology workstation ergonomics and musculoskeletal discomfort. The researchers found that 78.5% of study participants experience musculoskeletal discomfort from use of radiology workstation, and 92.7% of these stated that this discomfort affected their productivity. Common causes of the discomfort included not having the top of the monitor at eye level when seated and not having the wrists straight and flat when using the mouse. There are at least eight ergonomics factors that can help mitigate musculoskeletal discomfort at the radiology workstation, Bentley and colleagues explained: 1. Maintain relaxed shoulders and arms. 2. Arrange the monitor an arm’s length away, with the top of the screen at eye level. 3. Have a chair with lumbar support. 4. Ensure that the full length of the thighs is supported by the seat. 5. Have the back of your knee three finger widths from the edge of the chair. 6. Arrange hands shoulder-width and wrists flat. 7. Hold elbows at sides and at 90 degrees. 8. Place feet flat on the floor.

As the volume of studies radiologists must read in a day continues to increase, addressing workstation ergonomics is even more important, according to Bentley and colleagues. “Advocacy is needed to ensure appropriate knowledge of ergonomics and awareness of the radiology workforce’s predisposition to experience musculoskeletal discomfort,” they concluded. “There is great opportunity to improve the wellness and productivity of the radiology workforce through addressing radiology workstation ergonomics.”

0 7

Advertising Directory ADVANCED VISUALIZATION

GENERAL RADIOLOGY

• Polarean Imaging: 5

• Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc.: 25 • Esaote: 4 • DirectMed: 10 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents: 11 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents Iodixanol Injection, USP: 12, 13 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents Gadoterate Meglumine Injection, USP: 14, 15 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents Gadobutrol Injection: 16, 17 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Sincalide for Injection: 18, 19 • MYCO Medical: 4 • Shared Imaging: 2

APPLICATIONS • RamSoft, Inc.: 20 BUSINESS SERVICES • Esaote: 4 • Healthcare Administrative Partners (HAP): 7 CONSULTING SERVICES • Healthcare Administrative Partners (HAP): 7 CT • Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc.: 25 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents: 11 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents Iodixanol Injection, USP: 12, 13 DEALERS & DISTRIBUTORS:

IMAGE-GUIDED SURGERY • HR Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: 20 IMAGING SERVICES

• MRIequip: 10

• Esaote: 4 • Polarean Imaging: 5 • Shared Imaging: 2

DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY:

INFORMATION PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

• AdvaHealth Solutions: 20 • Healthcare Administrative Partners (HAP): 7

0 8

Advertising Directory INFORMATION SYSTEMS

PACS/TELERADIOLOGY

• AdvaHealth Solutions: 20

• AdvaHealth Solutions: 20 • RamSoft, Inc.: 20

INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY • HR Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: 20 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents Gadobutrol Injection: 16, 17 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Sincalide for Injection: 18, 19 MODALITIES • Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc.: 25 • Esaote: 4 • MYCO Medical: 4 • Shared Imaging: 2 MRI • Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc.: 25 • Esaote: 4 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents: 11 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents Gadoterate Meglumine Injection, USP: 14, 15 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents Gadobutrol Injection: 16, 17 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Sincalide for Injection: 18, 19 • MRIequip: 10 • MYCO Medical: 4 • Polarean Imaging: 5 • Shared Imaging: 2

PET • Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc.: 25 • Shared Imaging:2 PRE-OWNED EQUIPMENT: • MYCO Medical: 4 • DirectMed: 10 ULTRASOUND • Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc.: 25 • HR Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: 20 • MRIequip: 10 X-RAY • Canon Medical Systems USA, Inc.: 25 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents: 11 • Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Generic Contrast Agents Iodixanol Injection, USP: 12, 13

0 9

Call, go online or email cs@mriequip.com to request a

FREE Catalog

Now at your fingertips is a diverse line of Non-Ferrous and PVC products for your MRI environment Including the first Non-Ferromagnetic Wheelchair and Stretcher that will pass Ferromagnetic Detection Systems. Featuring Non-Magnetic Products for your MRI Environment: • Wheelchairs, Walkers & Stretchers • Complete Non-Ferromagnetic Line • Breast Biopsy Trays and Draping • Coil Carts • Oxygen Equipment • MRI Safe Lights • Safety Signs and Stickers • Full Line of Maintenance Products • Products For Ultrasound & CT • Products For Stereotactic

866-529-3526 cs@mriequip.com www.mriequip.com

MRIequip is proud to introduce MRI products that are MR conditional at 7 Tesla or less.

1 0

Get Clarity on Generics

See the Clear Benefits of Generic Contrast Agents Same quality. Lower cost. Fresenius Kabi has expanded access to affordable, high-quality generic contrast agents, allowing the radiology community the opportunity to diversify manufacturers. It’s good to know you have another choice. By partnering with Fresenius Kabi, you will have access to the same safe and effective contrast agents you have always relied on – at a lower cost. That’s how Fresenius Kabi brings confidence within reach.

Now you have a choice! Explore Available Contrast Agents.

GenericContrastAgents.com

Iodixanol Injection, USP First FDA-approved, cost-effective generic that is fully substitutable to Visipaque®.*

• AP Rated • Iso-Osmolar • Dimeric • Preservative Free

LEARN MORE Explore Available Contrast Agents GenericContrastAgents.com

• Polymer Bottle *Visipaque® is a registered trademark of GE Healthcare.

WARNING: NOT FOR INTRATHECAL USE

See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning Inadvertent intrathecal administration may cause death, convulsions/seizures, cerebral hemorrhage, coma, paralysis, arachnoiditis, acute renal failure, cardiac arrest, rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia, and brain edema. Please see Important Safety Information on next page.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

Iodixanol is contraindicated for intrathecal use.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Iodixanol injection is a radiographic contrast agent indicated for the following:

• Hypersensitivity Reactions: Life-threatening or fatal reactions can occur. Always have emergency equipment and trained personnel available. • Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Acute injury including renal failure can occur. Minimize dose and maintain adequate hydration to minimize risk. • Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions: Hemodynamic disturbances including shock and cardiac arrest may occur during or after administration. • Thyroid Dysfunction in Pediatric Patients 0 to 3 Years of Age: Monitor these patients for thyroid function abnormalities and treat as clinically needed.

Intra-arterial Procedures Adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and over • Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (270 mg Iodine/mL and 320 mg Iodine/mL). • Angiocardiography (left ventriculography and selective coronary arteriography), peripheral arteriography, visceral arteriography, and cerebral arteriography (320 mg Iodine/mL). Pediatric patients less than 12 years of age • Angiocardiography, cerebral arteriography, and visceral arteriography (320 mg Iodine/mL). Intravenous Procedures Adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and over • Computed tomography (CT) imaging head and body (270 mg Iodine/mL and 320 mg Iodine/mL • Excretory urography (270 mg Iodine/mL and 320 mg Iodine/mL). • Peripheral venography (270 mg Iodine/mL). • Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to assist diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (320 mg Iodine/mL). Pediatric patients less than 12 years of age • CT imaging of the head and body (270 mg Iodine/mL). • Excretory urography (270 mg Iodine/mL). IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION WARNING: NOT FOR INTRATHECAL USE See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning Inadvertent intrathecal administration may cause death, convulsions/seizures, cerebral hemorrhage, coma, paralysis, arachnoiditis, acute renal failure, cardiac arrest, rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia, and brain edema.

Adverse Events: Most common adverse reactions (incidence greater than 0.5%) in adult patients after iodixanol injection: Discomfort, warmth, pain; Cardiovascular: angina. Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting. Nervous System: agitation, anxiety, insomnia, nervousness, dizziness, headache, migraine, unusual skin sensations, sensory disturbance, fainting, sensation of spinning. Skin: itchy rash, severe itching, hives. Special Senses: Smell, taste, and vision alteration. Pediatric patients experienced similar adverse reactions. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC at 1-800-551-7176, option 5, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. • Lactation: A lactating woman may pump and discard breast milk for 10 hours after iodixanol administration. • Geriatrics: Exercise caution in dose selection for elderly patients. This Important Safety Information does not include all the information needed to use Iodixanol Injection, USP safely and effectively. Please see full prescribing information, including BOXED WARNING, for Iodixanol Injection, USP at www.fresenius-kabi.com/us.

Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Three Corporate Drive Lake Zurich, IL 60047 Phone: 1.888.386.1300 www.fresenius-kabi.com/us

Gadoterate Meglumine Injection, USP FDA-approved, cost-effective generic gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) is bioequivalent and fully substitutable to Dotarem®.*

• AP Rated • Macrocyclic • Ionic • Preservative Free LEARN MORE

Explore Available Contrast Agents GenericContrastAgents.com

*Dotarem® is a registered trademark of Guerbet.

WARNING: NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS (NSF)

See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase the risk for NSF among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs. Avoid use of GBCAs in these patients unless the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrasted MRI or other modalities. • The risk for NSF appears highest among patients with: • Chronic, severe kidney disease (GFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2), or • Acute kidney injury. • Screen patients for acute kidney injury and other conditions that may reduce renal function. For patients at risk for chronically reduced renal function (for example, age more than 60 years, hypertension, or diabetes), estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through laboratory testing. Please see Important Safety Information on next page.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Gadoterate Meglumine Injection is a gadolinium-based contrast agent indicated: for intravenous use with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in brain (intracranial), spine and associated tissues in adult and pediatric patients (including term neonates) to detect and visualize areas with disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and/or abnormal vascularity. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION WARNING: NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS (NSF) See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase the risk for NSF among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs. Avoid use of GBCAs in these patients unless the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrasted MRI or other modalities. • The risk for NSF appears highest among patients with: • Chronic, severe kidney disease (GFR less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2), or • Acute kidney injury. • Screen patients for acute kidney injury and other conditions that may reduce renal function. For patients at risk for chronically reduced renal function (for example, age more than 60 years, hypertension, or diabetes), estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through laboratory testing.

Gadoterate Meglumine Injection is contraindicated in clinically important hypersensitivity reactions to Gadoterate Meglumine Injection. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis has occurred in patients with impaired elimination of GBCAs. Higher than recommended dosing or repeat dosing appear to increase the risk. Hypersensitivity: Anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions with cardiovascular, respiratory, or cutaneous manifestations, ranging from mild to severe, including death, have uncommonly occurred. Monitor patients closely for need of emergency cardiorespiratory support. Gadolinium is retained for months or years in brain, bone, and other organs. Adverse Events: The most frequent ( _> 0.2%) adverse reactions in clinical studies were nausea, headache, injection site pain, injection site coldness, and rash. Pregnancy: Use only if imaging is essential during pregnancy and cannot be delayed. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC at 1-800-551-7176, option 5, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. This Important Safety Information does not include all the information needed to use Gadoterate Meglumine Injection, USP safely and effectively. Please see single dose vial package insert and pharmacy bulk package vial package insert for full prescribing information, including BOXED WARNING, for Gadoterate Meglumine Injection, USP at www.fresenius-kabi.com/us.

Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Three Corporate Drive Lake Zurich, IL 60047 Phone: 1.888.386.1300 www.fresenius-kabi.com/us

Gadobutrol Injection Providing a cost-effective MR contrast option that’s fully substitutable to Gadavist®.*

• FDA-approved, AP Rated • High Relaxivity • Macrocyclic Bond • Higher Concentration GBCA • Preservative Free • The container closure is not made with natural rubber latex • Bioequivalent and fully substitutable to Gadavist®* LEARN MORE

Explore Available Contrast Agents GenericContrastAgents.com

*Gadavist® is a registered trademark of Bayer.

WARNING: NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS (NSF) See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase the risk for NSF among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs. Avoid use of GBCAs in these patients unless the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrasted MRI or other modalities. • The risk for NSF appears highest among patients with: • Chronic, severe kidney disease (GFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2), or • Acute kidney injury. • Screen patients for acute kidney injury and other conditions that may reduce renal function. For patients at risk for chronically reduced renal function (for example, age > 60 years, hypertension or diabetes), estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through laboratory testing.

Please see Important Safety Information on the following pages.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Gadobutrol injection is a gadolinium-based contrast agent indicated for use with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): • To detect and visualize areas with disrupted blood brain barrier and/or abnormal vascularity of the central nervous system in adult and pediatric patients, including term neonates. • To assess the presence and extent of malignant breast disease in adult patients. • To evaluate known or suspected supra-aortic or renal artery disease in adult and pediatric patients, including term neonates. • To assess myocardial perfusion (stress, rest) and late gadolinium enhancement in adult patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION WARNING: NEPHROGENIC SYSTEMIC FIBROSIS (NSF) See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase the risk for NSF among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs. Avoid use of GBCAs in these patients unless the diagnostic information is essential and not available with non-contrasted MRI or other modalities. • The risk for NSF appears highest among patients with: • Chronic, severe kidney disease (GFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2), or • Acute kidney injury. • Screen patients for acute kidney injury and other conditions that may reduce renal function. For patients at risk for chronically reduced renal function (for example, age > 60 years, hypertension, or diabetes), estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through laboratory testing.

Contraindications: History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to gadobutrol injection. • Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis has occurred in patients with impaired elimination of GBCAs. Higher than recommended dosing or repeated dosing appears to increase the risk. • Anaphylactic and other hypersensitivity reactions with cardiovascular, respiratory, or cutaneous manifestations, ranging from mild to severe, including death, have occurred. Monitor patients closely during and after administration of gadobutrol injection. • Gadolinium is retained for months or years in brain, bone, and other organs. Adverse Events: Most common adverse reactions (incidence _> 0.5%) are headache, nausea, and dizziness. Pregnancy: Use only if imaging is essential during pregnancy and cannot be delayed. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC at 1-800-551-7176, option 5, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. This Important Safety Information does not include all the information needed to use Gadobutrol Injection safely and effectively. Please see full prescribing information, including BOXED WARNING, for Gadobutrol Injection. Full prescribing information is also available at www.fresenius-kabi.com/us.

Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Three Corporate Drive Lake Zurich, IL 60047 Phone: 1.888.386.1300 www.fresenius-kabi.com/us

Sincalide for Injection First-to-Market Authorized Generic of Kinevac * Providing You with Choice and Value ®

• First-to-Market Authorized Generic of Kinevac®* • Preservative Free • Container closure is not made with natural rubber latex *Kinevac is a registered trademark of Bracco Diagnostics Inc.

LEARN MORE

Explore Available Contrast Agents GenericContrastAgents.com

Please see Important Safety Information on the following page.

INDICATIONS Sincalide for Injection is indicated in adults to: • stimulate gallbladder contraction, as may be assessed by various methods of diagnostic imaging, or to obtain by duodenal aspiration a sample of concentrated bile for analysis of cholesterol, bile salts, phospholipids, and crystals • stimulate pancreatic secretion (especially in conjunction with secretin) prior to obtaining a duodenal aspirate for analysis of enzyme activity, composition, and cytology • accelerate the transit of a barium meal through the small bowel, thereby decreasing the time and extent of radiation associated with fluoroscopy and x-ray examination of the intestinal tract IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION: Contraindications Sincalide for Injection is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to sincalide, including anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock, or in patients with intestinal obstruction. Warnings and Precautions Post-marketing anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, and other serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported during and within one hour following administration of sincalide. If anaphylaxis or other

hypersensitivity reactions occur, immediately discontinue the infusion and initiate appropriate medical treatment. Stimulation of gallbladder contraction can lead to small gallbladder stone evacuation, resulting in lodging in the cystic duct or in the common bile duct. Sincalide may cause adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or cramping, dizziness, and flushing. To reduce the risk of adverse reactions, administer sincalide over 50 minutes for simulation of gallbladder contraction or over 30 minutes to accelerate transit of a barium meal through the small intestine. Pregnant patients should be advised that sincalide can effect smooth muscle, which may cause spontaneous abortion or premature induction of labor. The most common adverse reactions ( _> 20%) include abdominal discomfort or pain, and nausea. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088. Please click here for full Prescribing Information for Sincalide for Injection.

Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC Three Corporate Drive Lake Zurich, IL 60047 Phone: 1.888.386.1300 www.fresenius-kabi.com/us

2 0

2022 Minnies Winners C O N G R AT U L AT I O N S T O A L L T H E W I N N E R S !

Most Influential Radiology Researcher

Most Effective Radiology Educator

Dr. Martin Pomper, PhD, Johns Hopkins University

Dr. Christine Cooky Menias, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ

Most Effective Radiologic Sciences Educator

Most Effective Radiology Administrator/Manager

Kristi Moore, PhD, University of Mississippi Medical Center

Gina Greenwood, University of Wisconsin Hospital, Madison

2 1

2022 Minnies Winners C O N G R AT U L AT I O N S T O A L L T H E W I N N E R S !

Best Radiologist Training Program

Best Radiologic Sciences Training Program

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

Thomas Jefferson University

Most Significant News Event in Radiology

Biggest Threat to Radiology

A shortage in the U.S. supply of contrast media

Physician burnout

2 2

2022 Minnies Winners C O N G R AT U L AT I O N S T O A L L T H E W I N N E R S !

Hottest Clinical Procedure

Scientific Paper of the Year

Photon-counting CT

Mandating Limits on Workload, Duty, and Speed in Radiology. Alexander R, Waite S, et al, Radiology, June 14

Best New Radiology Device

Best New Radiology Software

Naeotom Alpha, Siemens Healthineers

AI Operating System, Aidoc

2 3

2022 Minnies Winners C O N G R AT U L AT I O N S T O A L L T H E W I N N E R S !

Best New Radiology Vendor

Best Educational Mobile App

Annalise.ai

RadDiscord, a server on Discord

Best Radiology Image Coronal 3-mm maximum intensity projection image of a CSF-venous fistula on a photon-counting CT scanner with 0.2-mm resolution. Image from Dr. Fides Schwartz et al, of Duke University.

2 4

Radiologists have central role in improving health equity Radiologists have a responsibility to improve and ensure health equity for all patients, researchers wrote in a discussion piece published online January 12 in RadioGraphics. In their discussion, a team led by Dr. Julia Goldberg from New York University Langone Health wrote about the longstanding effects and consequences of structural segregation from before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and how radiologists serve as a central piece in striving for health equity. “The provision of imaging screening, diagnostic tests, and interventions can be inclusive of radiology’s diverse patient population and directly address Black healthcare disparities,” they wrote.

Anti-Black segregation Structural segregation and antiBlack racism can be seen throughout medical education, research, and the provision of health resources in U.S. history, according to the authors. 2023 BUYER’S GUIDE | COPYRIGHT © 2023 AUNTMINNIE.COM

These included such events as three Black students expelled from Harvard Medical School in 1850 after protests about their on-campus presence, the infamous Flexner Report that led to the closure of 71% (5 out of 7) of medical schools for Black students, the Mississippi Appendectomy, and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study among others. The field of radiology is not immune to such infamous events in medical history. Early examples include radium being studied at university laboratories to lighten a Black person’s skin color, and radiology researchers exploring the potential sterilization of “degenerates” and women with mental illnesses. Black medical professionals meanwhile had difficulty obtaining membership into radiology societies in their earliest incarnations, including RSNA and the American Roentgen Ray Society. The National Medical Association (NMA) meanwhile was established in 1895 by Black physicians who were denied admission to the American Medical Association (AMA), where Black physician membership was limited to

2 6

northern states in the 19th century.

Black pioneers in radiology Despite the uphill cultural battle for Black radiology professionals, they still found ways to advance the field. Goldberg and colleagues noted the following achievements: • Dr. Marcus Wheatland -- the first Black radiologist who started using x-rays in his Newport, RI practice; he had scholarly works featured in the American X-Ray Journal and JAMA.

• Dr. William Edward Allen Jr. -- the first Black member certified by the American Board of Radiology in 1935; the first Black member of the American College of Radiology in 1940; the second known Black member of RSNA in 1948; scholarly works featured in Radiology and the American Journal of Roentgenology; the first Black member to receive the ACR Gold Medal Award. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed racial segregation in all federally funded programs while the Social Security Amendments of 1965 created Medicare and Medicaid. These legislative acts determined that anti-Black discrimination was unconstitutional and expanded protections for Black patient medical care and physician employment.

Lingering effects Despite legislation paving the way for better patient care and professional advancement in radiology and other medical fields, the effects of anti-Black segregation prior to the Civil Rights Act linger, according to the authors. • Dr. Rudolph Fisher -- the first Black radiologist to be a member of Phi Beta Kappa; he led the Black-owned International Hospital in Manhattan.

For example, Black physicians make up 6.2% of medical school graduates. Also, 3.1% of diagnostic radiology residents are Black, as well as 2.1% of diagnostic radiology practicing physicians, and

2 7

2.0% of diagnostic radiology faculty. In a 2019 survey of ACR members, 28% of physicians from marginalized racial groups reported “unfair or disrespectful treatment” because of their race. A 2019 study of letters of recommendation for radiology residency applicants showed that letter writers were less likely to use terms reflecting an individual’s positive attributes for Black and Latinx applicants compared with white and Asian applicants. Diversity promotion meanwhile remains a challenge, the authors noted. A 2020 study demonstrated that 54% of radiology professional society websites did not include diversity statements, while 46% did not have diversity initiatives.

What can radiologists do? With radiologists being on the front lines of healthcare, the Goldberg team pointed out ways that professionals in the field can strive for better health equity, including targeted interventions and structural changes. Examples of targeted interventions the researchers listed include expanding outreach efforts, spreading awareness of screening guidelines, and easing scheduling and transportation

difficulties. Previous research suggests that patient navigators help with better adherence to screening guidelines. On the structural level, the researchers wrote that reexamining imaging guidelines to accommodate for differences in cancer likelihood could help with better care in Black patients. Other actions they noted included expanded insurance coverage for CT colonography and linking certain Medicare quality measures to observed health disparities, incentivizing health equity work in radiology. The team also recommended that newer artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms should implement anti-bias methodologies and that algorithms using race as a standalone factor should be disputed. Along with that, clinical and academic workforces should work to be more diverse, the researchers wrote. They cited research that indicates more diverse workplaces lead to improved employee performance and innovative practices. “Acknowledging the discriminatory history of radiology and striving to improve diversity and health equity will ultimately work to improve patient outcomes,” Goldberg and colleagues wrote.

2 8

2022 ServiceTrak Winners PRESENTED BY IMV

CT Best Customer Satisfaction: Siemens Healthineers Best System Performance: Siemens Healthineers Best Service: Canon Medical Systems USA

MR Best Customer Satisfaction: Siemens Healthineers Best System Performance: Siemens Healthineers Best Service: Canon Medical Systems USA

Nuclear Medicine (SPECT) Best Customer Satisfaction: Siemens Healthineers Best System Performance: Siemens Healthineers Best Service: Siemens Healthineers 2023 BUYER’S GUIDE | COPYRIGHT © 2023 AUNTMINNIE.COM

2 9

2022 ServiceTrak Winners PRESENTED BY IMV

PET Best Customer Satisfaction: Siemens Healthineers Best System Performance: Siemens Healthineers Best Service: GE HealthCare and Siemens Healthineers

Interventional X-Ray Best Customer Satisfaction: GE HealthCare and Siemens Healthineers Best System Performance: GE HealthCare Best Service: Canon Medical Systems USA and Siemens Healthineers

RF Best Customer Satisfaction: Siemens Healthineers Best System Performance: Siemens Healthineers and Shimadzu Medical Systems USA Best Service: Canon Medical Systems USA 2023 BUYER’S GUIDE | COPYRIGHT © 2023 AUNTMINNIE.COM

3 0

2022 ServiceTrak Winners PRESENTED BY IMV

General X-Ray Best Customer Satisfaction: Carestream Best System Performance: Shimadzu Medical Systems USA Best Service: Canon Medical Systems USA

Radiation Oncology Best Customer Satisfaction: Varian Best System Performance: Varian Best Service: Accuray and Varian

Mammography Best Customer Satisfaction: Hologic Best System Performance: Hologic Best Service: Hologic

3 1