History and theoretical foundations of bioethics

History and Theoretical Foundations of Bioethics The modern rapid development of biological science has opened fundamentally new methods of treating patients, reproducing organisms, and new opportunities in the development of biotechnology.

The range of problems requiring consideration from the standpoint of bioethics includes the particular bioethics of assisted reproductive technologies and the prevention of congenital malformations; bioethical aspects of clinical trials, registration of new drugs and medical technologies. Ethical aspects of clinical practice; animal experiments and alternative research methods in biology and medicine; ecological ethics and safety of agricultural products.

Over the past few years, the development of prognostic medicine, which allows by the genetic code (the profile of all human genes) to provide for not only the state of human health but also how the disease will develop and how to prevent negative effects, mutations in the genes. Prenatal examination of the artificial embryo insemination, surrogate motherhood are the usual medical practices in the world medicine. In this aspect, science requires not only medical but also moral interpretation.

Medical bioethics is a set of ethical norms and principles that integrate into a single concept and the aspects of classical ethics and the latest trends initiated by the rapid development of scientific and technological progress and the impact of negative changes in the environment on human health.

Bioethics as a system of views, perceptions, norms, and assessments, regulating people's behavior from the standpoint of preserving life on Earth, plays an increasingly important role in society. The problems of bioethics acquire a pronounced interdisciplinary character and therefore cover all the main directions of human activity, beginning with the development of measures aimed at preserving the environment and ending with the adoption of political decisions.

Bioethics should create a set of moral principles, norms, and rules that are binding on all mankind, define the border of human intervention in nature, the transition through which is inadmissible. It is extremely important to form the personality of a medical specialist in the context of bioethics. Medical workers in their professional activities daily face ethical, moral or bioethical issues, and therefore require professional knowledge to be properly and competently to make decisions.

Bioethics course of medical specialists will help to form a society open to spiritual development, in which respect the dignity and worth of every human life from the moment of conception to natural death. The experience of many countries of the world testifies.

Bioethics is associated with medical ethics, deontology (the discipline that determines the attitude of the doctor to the patient) and medical law.

According to these methods of functioning of bioethics, we consider the prerequisites and the history of its formation.

The emergence of new medical technologies intensified some moral, ethical and legal issues that could be solved only in the bioethical perspective. As an example, transplantation of human organs and tissues can be cited, where the main issues that have been solved in this view are: the limits of the admissibility of transplantation, the specific behavior of physicians during transplants and the social cost of transplantation.