Analysis of Cultural, Social, Physical Features of Tourist Destinations

A Sample Report on TOURIST DESTINATIONS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 2 TASK 1................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 The average expenditure in UK compared with Europe and Asia ............................................ 3 1.2 Implications of the differences of Tourist Arrivals and Tourist Receipts in countries .............. 4 TASK 2................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Analysis of cultural, social and physical features of three tourist destinations ......................... 7 2.2 Explanation about the most important elements that make up the appeal of each of the 3 destinations ...................................................................................................................................... 9 TASK 3............................................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Comparison of the appeal of current leading tourist destination UK with currently developing destinations Nepal ......................................................................................................................... 10 (b) Identification of characteristics of tourist destination and evaluation of effects of these characteristics on appeal of the tourist destination. ....................................................................... 11 TASK 4............................................................................................................................................... 12 4.1a Effects of April 2015 earthquake in Nepal ............................................................................ 13 4.1b Effects of Terrorism: July 2015 Tunisian beach terror attack ............................................... 13 4.1 c Effect of World disease: February 2015 outbreak of swine flu in India ............................... 13 4.2 Potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community in the above three issues. 14 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................. 15 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................... 16

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INTRODUCTION Tourism destination can be defined as the country, place, region or even a city that markets itself as a place to be visited by tourists. Most of the sightseer destinations share certain features that include attractive places, providing amenities as well as a proper accessibility.

Every

destination has a presence of a specific culture, social norms as well as physical features that makes them quite unique (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015). The present study has thus made with an emphasis to discuss such destinations in terms of their popularity, visitor numbers, tourism and income generated by them. Other than that focus has further been laid on trends and characteristics of destinations that are there to appeal the travellers that pay a visit to the country. Advantage as well as issues related to renowned tourist’s places of the world has further been discussed.

TASK 1 1.1 Average expenditure in UK compared with Europe and Asia After becoming the member of European Union, the quality of life and standard of living of UK has gradually increased leaving behind France, Italy and Spain (Melis, McCabe and Del Chiappa, 2015). By analysing the number of visitors and revenue generated, a comparison chart has been prepared below.

Table 1: International tourist arrivals Rank

Country

International

International

Change (2013

tourist arrivals tourist arrivals to 2014 (%) (2014)

(2013)

1

France

83.7 million

83.6 million

.1

2

United States

74.8 million

70.0 million

6.8

3

Spain

65.0 million

60.7 million

7.1

4

China

55.6 million

55.7 million

-.1

5

Italy

48.6 million

47.7 million

1.8

6

Turkey

39.8 million

37.8 million

5.3

7

Germany

33.0 million

31.5 million

4.6

8

United

32.6 million

31.1 million

5.0

Kingdom 9

Russia

29.8 million

28.4 million

5.3

10

Mexico

29.1 million

24.2 million

20.5

From the above presented illustrations, it is clearly observed that the number of visitors in Get the best tourism assignment help from the expert writers of Assignment Desk and assure topnotch submission grades.

year 2014 has significantly increased by 33 million as compared to 2013. Superior world-wide connectivity, quality of life, wellbeing and education services are the prime features which attracts visitors to UK. It has been observed that the total number of tourist visiting UK in the year 2014 was about 33 million with 29 million of tourist visiting Mexico but China had overall 56 million visitors in 2014 (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015). Various other destinations of UK that attracts international tourist are St Paul's Cathedral Church, Chester Zoo, Windermere Boat Cruises, Bowness, The Royal Academy of Arts, London and The Houses of Parliament. According to Hutchinson (2015), the second most popular visiting site in UK was British Museum and National Gallery in 2014 which contributed to more than 7 million visitors (Melis, McCabe and Del Chiappa, 2015).

1.2 Implications of differences of Tourist Arrivals and Tourist Receipts in countries Table 2: International tourist receipts, 2014 Rank

Country

International

International

Change (2013

tourism

tourism

to 2014 (%)

receipts

receipts

US$(2014)

US$(2013)

1

United States

177.2 billion

172.9 billion

2.5

2

Spain

65.2 billion

62.6 billion

4.2

3

China

56.9 billion

51.7 billion

10.2

4

France

55.4 billion

56.7 billion

-2.3

5

Macao

50.8 billion

51.8 billion

-1.9

6

Italy

45.5 billion

43.9 billion

3.7

7

United

45.3 billion

41.0 billion

10.3

Kingdom 8

Germany

43.3 billion

41.3 billion

5

9

Thailand

38.4 billion

41.8 billion

-8.0

10

Hong Kong

38.4 billion

38.9 billion

-1.4

The comparison drawn from the above statistical data states that revenue generation due to international tourism gradually increased from 41.0 billion to 45.3 billion in 2014. On the lateral side it can be seen that Turkey (39.8 million), France (55.4 billion) and Mexico (29.1 million) also had a larger number tourist receipt received in the following year. A decrease in number of international tourism receipt was noticed in Thailand (38.4 billion) and Hong Kong (32 million) as Get the best tourism assignment help from the expert writers of Assignment Desk and assure topnotch submission grades.

compared to receipts received in 2013. From the above conclusion, it can be stated that generation of receipts on international tourism has tremendously increased in UK in the year 2014 as with a decline in Thailand and Hongkong tourism industry. Hence, it can be said that UK was found to be successful in attracting large number of tourist all over the world (Pan, 2015). (b) Statistical analysis of tourism destination trends over the last ten years and prediction of future trends of UK Tourism destination trends of UK over last ten years:

Year

Number Visits (m)

of

Average Spend £(bn)

spend

Average per nights

International per balance

visit

visit

payments £ (bn)

2003

24.715

£11.855

£480

8.2

-£16.697

2004

27.755

£13.047

£470

8.2

-£17.238

2005

29.97

£14.248

£475

8.3

-£17.906

2006

32.713

£16.002

£489

8.4

-£18.409

2007

32.778

£15.960

£487

7.7

-£19.053

2008

31.888

£16.323

£512

7.7

-£20.515

2009

29.889

£16.592

£555

7.7

-£15.102

2010

29.803

£16.899

£567

7.6

-£14.921

2011

30.798

£17.998

£584

7.6

-£13.703

2012

31.084

£18.640

£600

7.4

-£13.810

2013

32.692

£21.258

£650

7.5

-£13.252

2014

34.377

£21.849

£636

7.7

-£13.688

of

Examination and scrutiny of statistical information on tourist destination trends of previous ten years of UK have revealed that number of tourist in recent times have increased in UK (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015). It is also noticed that in the year 2009 and 2010, visitors had a negative impact on prevailing issues of different cultures and religious reforms which led to decline in the number of visitors in these years (Melis, McCabe and Del Chiappa, 2015). Decrease in quantity of visitors also affects various other tourism aspects like total expenditure on visitors, country's international records of balance and payments which further affects the commercial aspect of UK (Pastor, 2014). But, in the year 2011, government department of UK was successful in investing a larger amount of its capital on tourism industries to attract more numbers of visitors that Get the best tourism assignment help from the expert writers of Assignment Desk and assure topnotch submission grades.

year. It has resulted in increment of tourist number from 29.803 to 30.798 million. Normal expenditure for an individual has increased from 480 pound to 636 pound in last decade. This investment plays very crucial function in improvement of nation in various aspects such as economic, social physical and political ways. Thus, UK has utilized wonderful ways of enhancing tourism over last ten years (Pan, 2015).

Prediction of future trends as per the data of past ten years:

Figure 3: Prediction of trends of the number of visitors in future ten years in UK

Figure 4: Prediction of trends of the spending of visitors in future ten years in UK The above table clearly shows the total expenditure of visitors coming in next ten years in UK (NĂŠmeth, 2016). It can be foreseen that every year the number of visitors visiting UK will increase exponentially with better development and maintenance of various tourist destinations in Get the best tourism assignment help from the expert writers of Assignment Desk and assure topnotch submission grades.

UK. With the increase in spending of an individual visitor, there will be overall increase in total sending on tourism industries in next decade. From all the above predictions, it can be concluded that UK will be the most popular visiting tourist destination in the entire world in upcoming ten years (Pan, 2015).

TASK 2 2.1 Analysis of cultural, social and physical features of three tourist destinations Oftentimes, it is required to examine tourist destinations in terms of cultural, social and physical aspects. The following contrasting table will help in determining different tourist attractions all over world: Tourist Destination

United Kingdom

Cultural

As UK is well-known France is famous for The presence of Dance for

its

Spain

ethnic organizing

foundations, feature

France

helps

attracting

various room

and

this cultural events which music

is

the

key

in includes Lemon fest, Spanish culture that is

various Cruzo air bag events prevailing since time

tourists from all over and the

Flamenco

world.

museums,

many

Different Presence libraries tower

other

of

of

more. immemorial.

Paris,

and other

fact

Eiffel Spain has been well Le known for its outmost

historical Mont-Saint-Michel and cultural

monuments

In

events

and

battlefields activities taking place

structures are included contribute in enhancing throughout

the

year

in tourist destinations cultural inheritance of (Gnoth, 2015).

(Melis, McCabe and France. French cuisines Del Chiappa, 2015). are The

natural

also

history worldwide

museums of British is enjoyed one

of

the

famous which

by

famous visiting

is

tourist France

attraction points which (Kastenholz, Davis and is known for preserving Paul, 2015). old

collections

antiques.

Other

and UK

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hotspots include Big Ben

Buckingham

Palace.

Rich

flourished

and cultural

heritage can also be found in London city and Wales.

Social

Presence

of

social Social

culture

culture and heritage can customs

of

France maintained

clearly be noticed in includes UK.

and Spanish citizens have a

various characterized

social

Different community gatherings culture which includes

characteristics

which on different occasions. informal

enhance

social French citizens use sub between relatives and

its

culture are business, titles

and

titles

income, wealth as well address as

to friends,

marriage

different ceremonies and other

educational people

activities.

meetings

in

their social assembling. The

community. custom

The custom

of

of

Spanish

kissing night life is the most

initially originated in popular among other France.

European countries and cities.

Physical

Physical appearance of The physical beauty of Spain is a collection of UK includes different France water

lakes,

abundant

areas

greenery

and

other

palaces.

is

flourished different

beautiful

island, with Rhine river which cities like with draws

a

many between

boundary Madrid France

The Germany

Zaragoza,

and

and more.

many High

(NĂŠmeth, mountaineering ranges

presence of Ben Nevis 2016). Apart from this of Spain is famous island in UK has been river, attracting

tourist presence

worldwide centuries.

there

since Pyrenees On

other ranges

is

of

a which contributes in high increasing its physical

mountain beauty starting

and

culture.

from Apart from mountains,

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hand, the existence of European different

botanical which

borders other landscapes and

separates

the river

beaches

gardens and parks also Iberian peninsula from enhances enhances the physical rest beauty of UK.

of

the

also the

Europe appearance of Spain at

(Melis, McCabe and a greater level.

Del Chiappa, 2015).

2.2 Explanation about the most important elements that make up the appeal of each of the three destinations Appealing features of UK France and Spain: •

Culture of UK: The prevailing culture and tradition of UK is one of the most significant features which attract tourists from all over the world. Presence of various historical and ancient monuments, museums and exhibitions enhances beauty of UK in various aspects.

The UK event management teams organize various cultural events and activities for tourist visiting UK (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015). Various museums such as Albert and Victoria museums plays a key role in attracting large number of tourists throughout the year The major shopping destinations of UK includes H&M street, Dorothy Perkins shop and Westfield province of London. Other National Galleries and British museums also contribute in enhancing and flourishing different traditions ok United Kingdom (Pan, 2015).

• Geographical element of France: Various physical features play an important role in attracting tourist to a particular destination. France natural beauty appeals tourist to a greater extent due to the presence of wide varieties of islands, rivers, mountains beaches, landscapes, flatbeds and forests. Rhine River, Mountains of Pyrenees in Europe, the famous island of Corsica and different landscape at Normandy are some of the major tourist attractions (Gnoth, 2015). France is also enriched with the production of various ores and minerals like coal, iron, bauxite, uranium, aluminium, gypsum, calcium salts, bismuth due to the presence of various underground mines and extraction industries. Alps Mountain is also one of the destinations which appeals tourist at a greater rate (Pan, 2015).

•

Social features of Spain: Existence of various social and ethnic aspects increases number of tourist visiting Spain each year by 25%. National and religious social groups aids in fulfilling the needs of tourist which further increases strong social association between the visitors and the local Spain residents. On other hand, various societies in Spain pay more

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attention on sustainability and development of nation is a better way. Certain national and federal policies also play a vital role in elevating the number of tourist visiting Spain throughout the year. (b) Comparison of the features of selected tourist destinations with developing tourist destinations.

United Kingdom

Nepal

UK is regarded as one of the most

In recent times, Nepal has been emerged as

captivating tourist destinations of the world.

one of the finest tourist destinations preferred

Leading tourist attractions are tower of

by tourist all over the world (NĂŠmeth, 2016).

London, Castle of Windsor, British national

Major attraction sites are Kathmandu Durbar

museums, Big Ben palace and London Eye

square, Kala Patthar, Pashupatinath temple

(Pastor, 2014).

and other mountaineering ranges and plateau.

It covers approx. 250000 square km of

Nepal is surrounded with an approx. area of

geographical area with over a population of

150,000 square km with a worldly population

64 million. The other areas which covers

of 28 million.

entire UK are Atlantic Ocean, various underlying seas and English Channel (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015) (Melis, McCabe and Del Chiappa, 2015).

UK is recorded as the sixth most famous

It ranks on 112th position of international

destinations of all time in the world. It

tourism in the world.

attracted a total of 33 million tourists in

Total number of tourist who visited Nepal in

2014 (Gnoth, 2015).

the year 2014 is more than 590,000 (Pan, 2015).

TASK 3 3.1 Comparison of the appeal of current leading tourist destination UK with currently developing destinations Nepal •

Fluctuations in number of tourists: Gradually, the number of tourist visiting UK has increased due to proper tourism management and various resources. On the other hand, number of tourist vesting Nepal dropped to 40% in recent times due to the occurrence of earthquake hitting Nepal in April 2015 (Pan, 2015).

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•

Types of tourists: Depending upon the interest of individuals, there can be variety of tourist present in world. They can be cultural tourists, leisure tourists, eco tourist and religious tourists.

Cultural tourist travel has an experience of international exposure of different cultures present worldwide. Leisure tourists travel to rejuvenate and revitalize their routine life. Eco-tourism is the ones who love to enjoy green environment enriched with natural beauty.

•

Environmental changes: Frequent climatic and environmental changes taking place in Nepal affects tourism (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015). On other hand, the stable climatic conditions of UK attract more number of tourists around the world.

(b) Characteristics of tourist destination and evaluation of effects of these characteristics on appeal of the tourist destination.

•

Economic characteristics of UK: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has measured the economy of UK as worlds 6th leading economy in 2015. The union of Europe and other economic development organizations have recognized UK as a strong economic associate around the world. Due to strong economy and development, the tourism industries in UK have flourished in recent time (Németh, 2016). It encourages the UK government to invest more in tourism business which plays a key role in drawing attentions of various tourists towards UK. But in the year 2008, due to lack of various economic resources and capitals, UK suffered severe commercial and economic crises which had a drastic impact on the entire tourism business which decreased the gross economic position of the country (Pastor, 2014). It is the main responsibility of European Union to guarantee independent mobility of various commodities, people and other services within different states of UK. It is ranked 20th with largest numbers of labours employs which constitutes 32 million individuals. Contrary to this, it has been noticed that the percentage of unemployment prevailing in UK is about 9%. This ratio of unemployment develops a low economic ranking of UK in the world thereby affecting visitors around the world. Hence, it is necessary for a country to develop economically to ensure better tourism facilities (Gnoth, 2015).

•

Physical characteristics of UK: The physical geography of the UK with varied infrastructures and designs constructed by using advanced technologies that plays an important role in attracting tourist at international level. The most attractive physical beauties of UK include high mountain peaks, low land terrains in North West part of London, freshwater lakes and beaches. All these geographic attributes are responsible for enhancing growth in tourism industry every year. Other different adventurous sites include Hatfield house, Maidstone

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Horton Road, Ashley Heath club, Ringwood Medway Valley Leisure Park Oxen Park Lane which attracts tourist and children throughout the world (Melis, McCabe and Del Chiappa, 2015). With the advancement in transport and communication techniques, UK has developed strong transportation service which helps tourist to visit different destinations in span of less time with ease and comfort. But, on other hand, it also has various disadvantages because some visiting sites are located in outskirts of UK which makes transport system impossible to reach those places. Due to advancement in technology and better economic conditions, UK renders all the basic amenities so that both international and national tourists are satisfied.

Geographical features of UK have an overall negative as well as positive consequences on tourist visiting UK (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015). • Social characteristics of UK: The social position of the United Kingdom has historically been highly influenced by the concept of social class, with the concept still affecting British society in the early 21st century As a result of economic enhancement and growth, the percentage of people below the poverty line has drastically decreased in recent years.

According to data evaluated in 2015, 97 percent of the population is employed in UK and citizens are surviving above the poverty standards of the country (NÊmeth, 2016). This has shown a positive impact on different types of visitors around the world. With the increment in employment rate, government has also adopted various strategies to increase literacy rates across the nation (Pastor, 2014). A larger percentage of people being literate play a significant role in enhancing social and economic development. Overall, an optimistic impact on visitors due to social features have been noticed (Gnoth, 2015). • Political characteristics of UK: The UK government and its officials have developed various rules and regulations to enhance more number of worldwide tourists every year. As UK is the member of union of Europe all the associate country representatives of European Union has the authorities to visit all the nations independently. According to policy of UK government in 2011, different plans have been executed for inviting and attracting visitors around the world (Pan, 2015).

TASK 4 The occurrence of natural and manmade calamities reduces the increasing profit on tourism, societies and people in the disaster-affected areas. The following points will explain the consequences of different disasters on tourism, tourist destinations and the citizens who reside in those disaster-prone areas:

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4.1a Effects of April 2015 earthquake in Nepal ✓ It causes decline in the number of tourists visiting that particular area. It develops a negative impact in the eyes of tourists all over the world. That particular tourist destination becomes more unsafe and dangerous; therefore making tourists scared of the destination (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015). Nagarkot hiking, mountaineering point and paragliding destinations of Bokhara in Nepal had major impact on travel and tourism business after Nepal was hit by earthquake in 2015. This decreased the money being spent in the particular area due to lack of visitors. ✓ Nepal earthquake in 2015 naturally damaged that area. It destroyed valuable properties, various tourist destinations and infrastructures which cost millions of dollars to recover and reconstruct.

4.1b Effects of Terrorism: July 2015 Tunisian beach terror attack •

Airline-related business is highly affected by different terrorist activities taking place worldwide. It further affects hotels, restaurants and various tourist visiting spots.

•

Tourism industry at Tunisia was adversely affected by beach terror attack in 2015. It almost decreased up to 50 percent of tourist visiting Tunisia after the particular attack.

•

The Islamism mass shooting beach terror attack in Tunisia in 2015 has increased expenditure on border, militaries and airport security which in turn raises the passenger flight fares (Gnoth, 2015).

•

Terrorist attacks as a major impact on country's economy which leads to unemployment, homelessness, deflation, crime and other economic and social downfalls (Melis, McCabe and Del Chiappa, 2015).

•

The cost of insurance and re-insurance automatically increases due to such activities as private sectors do not take any responsibilities of terror attack happening world-wide.

4.1 c Effect of World disease: February 2015 outbreak of swine flu in India •

The outbreak of swine flu in India had critical affected tourism and tourist destinations across the country.

•

The eruption of swine flu majorly affected areas of Maharashtra and Rajasthan which attracts 45 percent of tourist from all over the world during winter season.

•

The number of tourist visiting Jaipur, Udaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Amritsar, Jaywalker and other locations in western state drastically reduced to 30 percent which constituted a total of 8 lakh visitors from around the world.

• Rajasthan and Maharashtra tourism suffered a loss of 5,500 crore on tourism industry due to Get the best tourism assignment help from the expert writers of Assignment Desk and assure topnotch submission grades.

swine flu in India.

•

People are afraid of travelling and visiting to such destinations which has been affected by various diseases as it can result in spreading more rapidly through various vectors.

4.2 Potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community in the above three issues.

•

Natural disasters cannot be prevented, but certain measures can be adopted by tourism industries to reduce the risk and possibility of trouble. Although, manmade disasters such as terror attacks can be prevented by increasing security and safety services at vulnerable tourist destinations (Németh, 2016).

•

Developing pre-emergency plans for immediate relief to tourist by tourism industries can assist in facing natural disasters and various terrorist attacks occurring worldwide. This plan of action should include caring of individuals who may be injured or sick during these calamities (Pan, 2015).

•

Arranging proper shelters, hotels and various restaurants for tourist to safeguard them is very essential part of managing responsible tourism industry. Emergency telephone coordination with government officials and message service should be adopted to deal with terrorist attacks at tourist destinations.

•

There is a need to develop emergency security and safety protocol systems in case of terrorist attacks like Tunisia terror beach attack.

•

Government and business sectors should take the initiatives to re-boost the tourism sector after the situation is normalized as; tourism industry plays a major role in economic growth and development of a country (Melis, McCabe and Del Chiappa, 2015).

•

This can be achieved by creating awareness among tourists all over the world, by organising various tourist campaigns and by changing the perceptions of people with the help of media (Pastor, 2014).

•

It is very necessary to handover a basic kit with flashlights, first aid kit, and whistle to the entire tourists in case of emergencies during earthquake.

•

Organising various medical relief camps will help in providing necessary assistance to the injured and earthquake driven people in the disaster prone areas.

•

It is very necessary to develop an effective and adequate public health system in order to prepare and respond during a disease outbreak.

•

Proper vaccinations and medicines should be provided to tourist who suffers from a particular disease. There should be proper communication and coordination between

• Various tourism industries and government officials in order to provide immediate healthcare Get the best tourism assignment help from the expert writers of Assignment Desk and assure topnotch submission grades.

services to disaster-affected individuals (Németh, 2016).

•

Counsellors and volunteers should be appointed by tourism industries so that they help in counselling and preventing individuals from mental shocks tension fear and irritability (Kastenholz, Davis and Paul, 2015).

•

Proper arrangements for funding emergency needs from government and business sectors should be made in case of occurrence of natural disasters.

•

Transportation of safe and clean drinking water and food materials to the flu affected areas is the primary responsibility of tourism industries across the world.

•

A better planning and programme should be established to recover and restore both the disaster site and the damaged materials to stable and unstable condition (Pan, 2015).

CONCLUSION It is concluded that different tourist destinations have their own social, cultural, economic and physical factors. UK is one of the popular tourist destinations where people like to visit due to its attractive social and cultural life along with the geographical locations. The number of visitors has been increased in the UK since last ten years which results to give a huge growth to the travel and tourism industry of UK. This growth and success helps in the effective development of the nation. Government of UK is continuously investing on tourist destinations for promoting them and for inviting more people to visit. The number of tourist is more in UK as compared to the Mexico but less as compare to the China. If talk about the popularity, then UK is more popular as compared to Nepal and the climate of Nepal changes frequently as compare to the UK. Tourist destinations are facing various problems such as natural disasters, terrorism, various kinds of diseases, etc. which are affecting the popularity and rate of visitors. Countries need to apply responsible approach for the improvement of tourist destinations. This will help in solving the issues which tourist locations are facing.

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Cohen, J., 2015. Tourism and the Perceived Risk of Terrorism in Proceedings of the 1988 International Conference of Services Marketing. Springer International Publishing.

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Gnoth, J., 2015. Branding Tourism Destinations: A Research Agenda. In Proceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference on Tourism. 12(3). pp.4567.

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Hoang, T. D., Brown, G. and Kim, A. K., 2015. An exploratory study of place attachment from a community perspective in a World Heritage tourist context. In Proceedings: Heritage Tourism & Hospitality: international conference. 12(4). pp.543-560.

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