The Famine

In the 1800s, Ireland was under direct British rule. English landlords owned most of the land. Managers ran the farms, and the owners seldom visited. Poor Irish peasants did the farm work. To feed their families, the peasants grew potatoes. For many, potatoes were the only food they ate. Disaster struck in the 1840s. When peasants dug up their potatoes, they were rotten. A disease called potato blight had destroyed them. Soon people were starving. Most of the landlords did nothing to help. During the famine, about one million people died. Another million emigrated from Ireland. The trauma of these dark times is still felt in Ireland today.Vurderingseksemplar Use the internet to find out how many Irish people emigrated to America during the famine in the 1800s.

rule styre landlords jordeierne managers bestyrere peasants leilendinger, småbønder disaster katastrofe dug (dig) up gravde opp potato blight en sykdom på potetplanten famine hungersnød emigrate flytte fra

Róisín Hambly wrote this poem about the Irish Famine in 1994 when she was a schoolgirl.

RÓISÍN HAMBLY

The Famine

crop avling bare bart, nakent passed on døde I thought it jeg syntes det var hollow innhul emigrate flytte ut av landet corn korn decay råtne In the spring of ’45 I planted my potato crop, But when I dug them up in winter They were black and brown from rot.

There were seven in my family, To keep them all alive. It wasn’t too bad to start with, But by autumn ’47, Two members of my family Had died and gone to heaven.

That winter it was long and cold And everything was bare, Four children under five, I had to find some food for them, Then when my lovely wife passed on I thought it so unfair.

My family were now so thin, Their faces were so hollow, They decided to emigrate, But foolishly I didn’t follow.

I saw a soldier selling corn, No one was around, I took this opportunity To knock him to the ground.

I robbed him of his food and money And quickly ran away, But sadly I was caught and killed And left there to decay.

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UNDERSTANDING

1 Answer the questions. a Who is telling the story in this poem? b Why does he steal food and money? c What happens to him?

SPEAKING SPOT

2 Read the poem to each other in pairs.

3 Look at the picture on page 213 of immigrants on a boat approaching New York. Work with a partner and prepare a role play. Play out the conversation between two of the immigrants on deck.

DIGITAL DIVE 4 Use the internet to find the answers to the questions. a How long did the potato famine last? b How long was the journey from Ireland to America in the 1800s? c How many Americans today have Irish ancestors?Vurderingseksemplar

ancestors forfedre, avstamning

emigrate leave a country to live in another country

immigrate come to a new country to live there

migrate move from one place to another

What is the population of Norway? Which five countries have the world’s largest populations? What is the population of each of these countries?

India

India has a proud and complex history with many different rulers and empires. It is one of the oldest civilizations on earth. In the early 1800s, India became a British colony.

The British were interested in India’s spices, jewels, tea and textiles. The British made a fortune from selling these goods. After a long struggle, India gained independence from

Britain in 1947. Shortly after, India was divided into two countries – India and Pakistan. In 1971, East Pakistan became Bangladesh. Today the Indian economy is developing rapidly. There is a growing middle and upper class. However, millions of Indians still live in poverty. Vurderingseksemplar

complex sammensatt rulers herskere empires riker rule styre spices krydder jewels edelstener struggle kamp gained oppnådde independence uavhengighet developing rapidly utvikler seg raskt poverty fattigom

Republic of India

Capital New Delhi Population 1.4 billion (2019) Area 3.3 million km2 Major languages Hindi, English and 20 other official languages Major religions Hinduism 80%, Islam 14%, Christianity 2%,

Sikhism 2%, Buddhism 1% Life expectancy 67 years (men), 70 years (women) Currency rupee

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Taj Mahal, Agra, India

Which of these facts about India surprise you? Discuss in groups. • India is the largest democracy in the world. • Chess comes from India. • New Delhi has the worst air pollution in the world. • The Hindu calendar has 6 seasons: spring, summer, monsoon, autumn, winter and prevernal. • Indians read more than any other people in the world. • India has more mobile phones than toilets. • India has the largest population of vegetarians in the world. • 70% of the world’s spices come from India. • The richest man in India lives in a 27-storey home. • India’s national animal is the Bengal Tiger. Incredible India CRICKET Cricket is the most popular sport in India. It is played with a bat, a ball and two teams of eleven players. The teams bat, bowl and field against each other to score the most runs. Cricket games typically last for hours. Sometimes they can go on for days! Pakistan is India’s biggest cricket rival. Vurderingseksemplar

monsoon regntid prevernal tidlig vår

bat slår med balltre bowl her: kaster field stopper og returnerer ballen score the most runs skåre flest poeng ved å løpe til den andre siden av banen

BOLLYWOOD

The Bollywood cinema industry, located in Mumbai, is one of the largest producers of films in the world. The most popular Bollywood films are called masala films, named for a spice mix used in Indian foods. Masala films mix different genres like action, comedy and romance. They usually include elaborate musical scenes with dance and song.

DIWALI

Diwali, or the Festival of Lights, is the most important holiday of the year in India. It gets its name from the small clay lamps that people light outside their homes. The lights symbolize the victory of good over evil. Diwali is a five-day celebration. During Diwali people visit friends and family, eat tasty food and sweets, give gifts, set off fireworks, and make designs with coloured sand.

located in som befinner seg i spice mix krydderblanding elaborate forseggjorte clay lamps lamper laget av leire victory seier evil ondskap, det onde celebration feiring set off fireworks sende opp fyrverkeriVurderingseksemplar

UNDERSTANDING

1 Answer the questions. a How many players are there on a cricket team? b Why are some Bollywood films called masala films? c What do Diwali lights symbolize?

VOCABULARY

2 The English language has borrowed words from languages all over the world. Here are some loanwords from Hindi, the most common language in India. Match each word to its meaning. cot yoga chutney thug jungle bandana bungalow guru pyjamas shampoo a ___ – a coloured cloth worn around the head or neck b ___ – a one-storied house Vurderingseksemplar c ___ – a thick sauce made from fruit, vinegar, spices and sugar d ___ – a baby bed with high sides e ___ – a respected guide or mentor f ___ – a tropical area where trees and plants grow close together g ___ – sleeping clothes h ___ – a soapy liquid for washing hair i ___ – a brutal or violent person j ___ – exercises for the mind and body based on the Hindu religion

liquid væske exercises øvelser

SPEAKING SPOT

3 Adjectives Here are some adjectives that we can use to describe films. Find the meaning of each of them. Now watch a film trailer for a Bollywood film. Describe the film trailer to a partner using at least four of the adjectives.

boring

tragic glamorous romantic dramatic colourful

DIGITAL DIVE

4 Choose one of the topics about India below. Use the internet to find information about it. Write 5–8 sentences and then tell a partner about it. • Taj Mahal • Ganges • Hinduism • mehndi • Kumbh Mela • Himalayas • Golden Temple in Amritsar • Bahubali • Ajanta Caves • Agra Fort • Manas Wildlife Sanctuary • Sundarbans National Park • Mountain Railways of India 5 Find a video that teaches you some Bollywood dance moves.

Try to learn to dance Bollywood style! 6 Visit a website that presents news from India for children, like News for Kids (newsforkids.net). Choose an article and read it. Write key words or phrases to help you remember the article. Then tell a partner about what you read.