4 THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD – THE UK, IRELAND, INDIA

The Englishspeaking World:

The UK, Ireland and India

Chapter Focus • reading, writing and speaking about the English-speaking world • using and comparing with regular, irregular and long adjectives Vurderingseksemplar • writing descriptions • using comparisons

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What do you know about the UK? Take the UK quiz.

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The United Kingdom

The UK is short for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland. You can also say Britain for the UK.

England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland make up the

UK. These four countries have a lot in common, but they are also unique. Each has its own history, culture, foods and traditions. Separately, the people of the UK are English,

Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish; together they are

British. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Capital city London Population 67 million (2019) Area approximately 243,000 km2 Major language English Major religions Christianity 72%, Islam 3%, Hindu 1% Life expectancy 78 years (men), 82 years (women) Currency pound sterling £ Vurderingseksemplar A person from Scotland is Scottish. Someone from Northern Ireland is Northern Irish. People from Wales are Welsh. A person from England is English. Someone from the UK is British.

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London Eye seen from the Thames. ENGLAND Green and pleasant England is the largest country in the UK and has a population of 56.5 million people. That’s a lot of people in a small space! Millions of tourists visit England each Vurderingseksemplar year. Maybe you have been there? Some tourists like to go to historic sites like Stonehenge, or to see the treasures at the British Museum. Musicals like “The Lion King” at theatres in London’s West End are also popular. Busy London is the capital of both England and the UK. It is one of the largest cities in Europe, and one of the world’s most important cities. People from every corner of the planet live and work there. England has many other large cities too. Cities further north such as Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester were once filled with factories. This is where the Industrial Revolution started.

WALES

Wales has a rich history and culture. It is a small country with a population of just over three million. Most people live in, or close to, the capital, Cardiff. That is where the writer Roald Dahl was born. In Wales there are four times as many sheep as people! The beautiful countryside is also dotted with castles, like Caerphilly, one of Europe’s largest. Wales is often called “the land of song.” Music festivals called eisteddfods are popular during the summer months, and choirs practice all year to compete at these events. Cymru is the Welsh name for Wales. Many people speak Welsh, a Celtic language, and children learn it at school. The Welsh alphabet doesn’t have the letters K, Q, V and Z. The longest place name in the world is a Welsh town called Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwyllllantysiliogogogoch. Can you say that?

dotted with her: fullt av choir kor compete konkurrere event arrangement hollow liten dal hazel hasseltre rapid whirlpool rask virvelstrøm cave hule This place name means “Mary’s church in the hollow Vurderingseksemplarof the white hazel near the rapid whirlpool and the church of St. Tysilio with a red cave.”

Boys wearing kilts, Edinburgh, Scotland SCOTLAND Where can you hear bagpipes and see men wearing skirts? In Scotland bagpipes are a traditional instrument, and the national costume is a woollen skirt called the kilt. Only men wear kilts, Vurderingseksemplar and underneath them they don’t wear anything at all! Scotland has a long and proud history. In the past, powerful clans ruled this Celtic nation. The clans lived in the bagpipe sekkepipe Highlands and had family names like Campbell, Stewart and national costume MacGregor. Today most of the population of 5.5 million lives nasjonaldrakt woollen lagd av ull in cities and towns further south. underneath under The capital, Edinburgh, is Scotland’s second largest city second largest nest største after Glasgow. J.K. Rowling wrote the first Harry Potter book inspired inspirert in cafés in Edinburgh’s historic Old Town. imagination lake innsjø fantasi Some people believe that Nessie, the Loch Ness Monster, lives in Scotland’s largest lake.

Mural painting i Belfast

NORTHERN IRELAND

With a population of just under two million people, Northern Ireland is the smallest country in the UK. It is a land of storytellers. Have you read about the magical kingdom of Narnia? CS Lewis, the man who wrote these books, was born in Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is also a land of conflict. It shares a border, and a long and turbulent history, with the Republic of Ireland. Some people feel that Northern Ireland should be part of the Republic of Ireland; others feel it should stay part of the UK. There has been a lot of fighting and violence over this issue, especially in the towns and cities, like the capital Belfast. Many years ago a steamer called the Titanic was built at one of Belfast’s shipyards. Do you remember what happened to this ship?

VurderingseksemplarThe Republic of Ireland is not part of the UK; it is an independent country and has been since 1922. A republic is a country that does not have a king or queen. shares a border grenser til turbulent urolig violence vold issue sak steamer dampskip shipyard skipsverft

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UNDERSTANDING

1 Answer the following questions. a Which countries make up the United Kingdom? b What do you call a person from each of these countries? c Who is British? d What is the population of England? e What is London’s theatre district called? f What is an eisteddfod? g What is the Welsh name for Wales? h Where do men wear kilts? i Where was the first Harry Potter book written? j Which country shares a border with Northern Ireland? k Which ship was built in Belfast? 2 Capital Cities Complete the sentences. a London is the capital of ___ and the ___. b Edinburgh is the capital of ___. c Cardiff is the capital of ___. d Belfast is the capital of ___. LANGUAGE LAB 3 Make questions with is or are from these sentences. a The Beatles are famous. Are the Beatles famous? b The capital is London. c Stonehenge is old. d The Highlands are mountains. e Nessie is a monster.Vurderingseksemplar f Irish potatoes are tasty. g Singing is popular in Wales. h The flag is the Union Jack. i Aberdeen is Europe’s oil capital. j St Andrews is a famous golf course.

4 Make questions from these sentences with two verbs. a She has eaten fish and chips.

Has she eaten fish and chips? b You can watch the BBC. c He has climbed Ben Nevis. d You can sing “God Save the Queen”. e He will play tennis at Wimbledon. f You can pay with pound sterling. g She has seen London Bridge. h They will visit Big Ben. i Hamlet is playing at the Globe Theatre. j Athletes from Northern Ireland can compete for Ireland or the UK. 5 Make questions with do or does from these sentences. a Nessie hides in Loch Ness. Does Nessie hide in Loch Ness? b They drive on the left. c The British speak English. d The Queen lives at Buckingham Palace. e The Thames runs through London. f The Parliament meets at the Palace of Westminster. g The Channel Tunnel joins England and France. h Scottish men wear kilts. i The West End has many theatres. j Haggis tastes good. Do you remember to put a ? at the end of questions?

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Find the home city of these four British teens on the map of the UK on page 185.

Four British Teens

Omar

emigrated emigrerte striker spiss right wing høyreving home field hjemmebane supporters tilhengere Hi, I’m Jessica. I’m Scottish and live in Glasgow. Alright? This is Omar. I live in Manchester, England. Vurderingseksemplar

Jessica

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Hey! My name is Cameron and I am Cameron countryside landet caving grottetur mucking around rusle omkring caves grotter, huler perform opptre sporting events sportsarrangementer Welsh walisisk from Cardiff in Wales.Vurderingseksemplar Hello there. Kayla is my name. I live in Belfast.

Kayla

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UNDERSTANDING

1 Answer the questions. a What is Omar’s favourite sport? b Which team does Omar support? c Where does Jessica spend a lot of time? d Where did Jessica go last summer? e What does Cameron like to do in the countryside? f Which language do Cameron’s grandparents speak at home? g Why does Kayla like the people in Northern Ireland? h What are “prutties”?

SPEAKING SPOT

2 Prepare a minitalk about one of these British landmarks. Use the internet to search for information. Note down the sources you use. Your talk should answer these questions: What is it? Where is it? How old is it? Why is it important? a Stonehenge b Hadrian’s Wall c The White Cliffs of Dover d St Paul’s Cathedral e Wembley Stadium f Edinburgh Castle g Buckingham Palace h Canterbury Cathedral i Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre j The Giant’s Causeway Minitalk tips • Use notes (keywords and phrases) • Practise what you want to say • Make eye contact with your audience • Speak loudly and clearly • Show enthusiasm for your topic

Vurderingseksemplar Speech prompts I will present ... I chose ... because ... It is located ... It is ... years old. It is important because ... Finally, I want to say that ... My sources are ... Thank you for listening!

LANGUAGE LAB

3 Articles: a or an? a an arts centre b ___ capital city c ___ area d ___ suburb e ___ attraction f ___ horse g ___ hour h ___ opportunity i ___ inhabitant j ___ exhibition k ___ museum l ___ destination

4 Nationality adjectives a You are from Norway, so you are Norwegian. The teenagers here are from

England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Use the correct nationality adjective for each teen.

Omar is ___ Jessica is ___ Cameron is ___ Kayla is ___

b Write the nationality adjective for people from these countries: Sweden Denmark Germany Pakistan Somalia Nigeria Poland Iraq Vietnam Korea

Nationality adjectives always start with a CAPITAL letter.

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DIGITAL DIVE

5 The Premier League England’s top football competition is the Premier League. More people watch Premier League games live and on television than any other sport. The teams in the Premier League vary every year, but here are some popular English clubs: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United, Portsmouth Leicester, Southampton, Everton, Norwich, Sheffield United, Crystal Palace, Burnley, Brighton, West Ham, and Tottenham. Use the internet and a map of England to find where each club is located. Some are from the same city!

If a British English speaker says it’s “time for tea”, what can that mean? A a cuppa (a cup of tea) B a small meal in the afternoon with cakes and tea C dinner D all of the above

Answer: D, all of the above

Feeling Peckish

The Full English Breakfast Feeling peckish? All you need is a good fry-up! The full English breakfast is a British tradition. All you need are eggs, bacon, sausages, baked beans, black pudding, tomatoes, mushrooms, toast, marmalade, butter, brown sauce, ketchup, orange juice, coffee or tea. What a way to start the day! peckish sulten, fysen fry-up tallerken med stekt, varm mat sausages pølser black pudding blodpudding mushrooms sopp brown sauce en slags sursøt dressing Vurderingseksemplar

The chippy Deep-fried fish and chips are Britain’s number one take-away food. People like to eat them with salt and vinegar. Cod is the most common type of fish used. Shops sell 260 million portions of fish and chips each year. A fish-and-chips shop is also called “the chip shop”, or just “the chippy”.

Vurderingseksemplar deep-fried fritert vinegar eddik cod torsk portions porsjoner

introduce innføre curry krydret gryterett spicy krydret dish rett competition konkurranse award pris compete konkurrere Curry Capital of Britain Asian immigrants introduced curry to Britain. This spicy dish is popular across the country, especially in cities. Each year there is a competition to win the Curry Capital of Britain award. Glasgow and Bradford often compete against each other for this title.

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LANGUAGE LAB

1 Adjectives to describe food a Translate these adjectives. tasty hot cold spicy salty sweet creamy sour delicious greasy crunchy

b Find foods that each adjective could describe. a spicy sausage

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2 Comparing adjectives Compare these adjectives: a spicy – spicier – spiciest b crunchy c salty d tasty e creamy f greasy

WRITING WORKSHOP

3 Write a paragraph about your favourite breakfast or takeaway food. Describe it and tell why you like it.

DIGITAL DIVE

4 Use the internet to find information about other British foods. Choose one of the dishes below. Find out what it is and when it is typically served. • cucumber sandwich • steak and kidney pie • haggis • shepherd’s pie • mince pie • bangers and mash • bubble and squeak • laverbread • bread pudding • crumpets

5 The BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) is the world’s oldest and largest news organisation. Its headquarters are in London. Newsround (bbc.co.uk/newsround) is the home of BBC’s news for kids, with stories, pictures and videos. Go to the website and find a news item. Write some key words and phrases to help you remember it. Then tell a partner about your news.