Arif Izzuddin Arif Ismail | M Architecture | PS2 Manchester School of Architecture

MANCHESTER SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE | 2022

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

STAIRWAY TO HAVEN REVITALISE GRIMSBY GASTRONOMIC INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTORY RESEARCH Initial Thought 01 Stairway To Haven 02 Brexit Affect to the Seafood Industry 03 Symbiosis Industry 04 End Users Studies 05 Farm to Table Movement 06 Artisanal Food Industry 07 Regional Site Analysis 08 Introduction to the Building 09

DESIGN STRATEGIES Historical Analysis (Building) 10 Building Heritage & Fabric Study 11 Adaptive Reuse Methodology 12 Precedent Studies 13 Macro & Micro Site Analysis 14 Design Strategies & Iterations 16 Massing Iterations 17

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Atelier Ethos 1

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Infraspace is a sub-discipline of infrastructure architecture that aims to link systems in a constructed form to improve efficiency. We created a housing idea based on historical contexts concerning networks and flows, with the goal of being informed by the infrastructure already in place at Grimsby and the North Sea, as well as how these networks and flows have impacted the area.

We examined the area not only in terms of its physical appearance, but also in terms of its increasingly virtual and digital nature. With this in mind, our study examines the connection between temporary inhabitants and the scheme, with the goal of providing them with socially productive space that is beneficial to both parties. This would be beneficial to the entire community.

ARUP 2030 Masterplan 1

Grimsby was the first town in the UK to secure a government-sponsored ‘Town Deal.’ The Town Deal is a new paradigm of collaboration between central government and local governments. Government, local government, and business and industry are all involved.

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Other stakeholders, all of whom are focused on achieving excellent results Grimsby will transform as a result of investment and support. Having a distinct vision for Grimsby’s future. Lays out how the city’s investment will pay off. Benefits for Grimsby people now and in the future

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The foreseeable future will strengthen the existing support in the right place This concept gives the town core of Grimsby a long-term vision.

We will study what becomes of the areas surrounding this lovely historic city through this design project, which will be linked to our readings on the North Sea Policy and the ARUP Masterplanning for Grimsby.

Site Plan/ Masterplan 18 Key Space Hierarchy & Programming 19 Sectional Perspective (Programs) 20 Axonometric Building Diagram 22 Floor Plans (Demolition & Proposed Drawings) 23 Elevations (Existing & Proposed Drawings) 24 Sections (Existing & Proposed Drawings) 25

BUILDING COMPLIANCE Technical Sectional Detailings 26 Exploded Construction Axonometric 27 Regulations & Legislation (Approved Documents) 28 Structural Strategy (Technical Details) 29 Construction Isometric Construction Sequence 30 Plan of Work RIBA 31 Preservation & Restoration 32 Environmental Strategies 33

ATELIER SPECIFIC OUTPUT Killer Sectional Perspective 20-21 Physical Model (Structural Strategies) 34 Exterior & Interior Perspectives 35 Project Conclusion 41 Self Reflection 41 Bibliography & References 42

BUTTON SAMPLE This PDF document has several interactive pages that allow the viewer to engage with multiple levels of information on a single page.

The cursor icon may be found on each clickable blue/black box to activate the layers of information. If it still doesn’t work, try refreshing the PDF viewer or reopening the document. Regards, Arif & Aiman.

The North Sea Policy

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To reduce carbon emissions, the government and the oil and gas sector have agreed to invest up to £16 billion by 2030. This includes up to £3 billion for renewable energy to displace fossil fuel-based power on oil and gas platforms, up to £3 billion for carbon capture and sequestration, and up to £10 billion for hydrogen production.

In keeping with the atelier’s overarching questions of: Can an infrastructural architecture be productive in the service of both humans and the environment at the same time? Can infrastructural architecture spaces be socially productive? - We would like you to consider how this piece of industrial, former port infrastructure could be reimagined for a community use that is economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable.

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By 2030, the industry will voluntarily commit to ensure that local enterprises contribute 50% of offshore decommissioning and new energy technology projects, helping to keep jobs in the UK.

This is a professional studies project that is being managed through studio. The project is designed to allow you to explore timely and topical themes, but the emphasis is on demonstrating your professional capability to:

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- to propose innovative and creative solutions to design questions;

The North Sea Transition Deal includes the following key commitments:

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The Project Brief

Early objectives have been established for the sector to reduce emissions by 10% by 2025 and 25% by 2027, with a commitment to cut emissions by 50% by 2030.

The appointment of an Industry Supply Chain Champion who will help coordinate local growth and job possibilities with other industries like carbon capture, storage, and storage, as well as offshore wind.

- resolve and communicate appropriate architectonic approaches through visual and verbal means; - explain suitable sequences for construction, project management and practice workloads; - produce outputs at a professional level and in ways that are appropriate for the subject and design..

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT VISUALISATION This collage represents our early notions after receiving the PS2 brief. We were both interested in looking at the seafood or fishing sector in the setting of Grimsby. The industry is significant and was historically glorious in the past, but it is no longer so. We can observe how the Cod War affected UK fisheries over time.

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

INITIAL THOUGHTS AND IDEA

From there, we considered ways to make food sources that are more sustainable and responsible for all of the carbon footprints made by the food sector. We conducted research on the food sector in the United Kingdom particularly and globally in general, and discovered a sustainable political movement in the United States called “Farm to Table,” which has four key principles; 1. How to produce a sustainable food source while minimising social and environmental effect.

2. How to process the food produced in a sustainable manner, as well as how to transport or deliver it to the end customer with a low carbon footprint.

3. How to consume food ethically and responsibly, how to proportion the amount, how to preserve food, and so forth.

4. Finally, how to handle food waste and prevent it from decomposing without benefiting the environment.

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DESIGN INTENT

MEANING JOURNEY, FLOW AND MOVEMENT

Architecture that pulls people into a journey. Architectural elements built into ones built forms can flow from one to the next, creating a journey for our building’s occupants. Ones occupants will move through ones building from beginning to end, and this journey will be marked by memorable and sensorial experiences.

INJECTING PROGRAMS

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

STAIRWAY TO HAVEN

MEANING GRIMSBY’S FOOD INDUSTRY

The establishment of a community learning centre with the primary goal of teaching local fishermen, residents, tourists, and students about the sustainable processing of seafood. It will also serve as a new landmark for public gatherings, where people will come not only to learn, but also to participate in other activities to create an informal learning and fun experience based on the space designs and programme combinations.

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PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

BREXIT TAKE HOLD OF SEAFOOD IN THE UK FISHERIES INDUSTRY IN THE NORTH SEA

25% The EU will transfer fishing quotas to the United Kingdom. Between now and June 2026, the UK will receive 25% of the EU’s fishing rights in UK seas (in terms of value). By the end of this time, the United Kingdom will have fishing rights to almost two-thirds of the stocks in UK seas. The five-and-ahalf-year interval between now and then is known as the “adjustment phase.”

£145m By the end of the adjustment period, this equates to around £145 million in additional quota for UK vessels.

15% of the EU’s fishing rights will be transferred in 2021.

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D RHEA E T E P

TRANSFER OF FISHING RIGHTS The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement has been finalised and is now in operation. The agreement has far-reaching repercussions for the fishing industry, particularly in terms of fishing rights, access, and commerce. Most significantly, it ensures regulatory autonomy of management decisions in each party’s individual waters (as outlined in the UK’s 2020 Fisheries Act).

Quota increases will be especially significant for vessels targeting species such as hake and sole in the North Sea, sprat in the English Channel, haddock in the Celtic Sea, and horse mackerel in the southern North Sea and Eastern channel. The most significant increases in volume are for Atlantic mackerel, North Sea herring, and Norway pout.

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PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

SYMBIOSIS OF GRIMSBY’S SEAFOOD INDUSTRY KALUNDBORG SYMBIOSIS INDUSTRIAL Kalundborg is home to the world’s leading industrial symbiosis, which generates profits through a circular approach to production. Locally beneficial and encouraging the rest of the world. Kalundborg Symbiosis is a collaboration of thirteen Kalundborg public and private companies. In addition, we collaborate closely with the Biopro initiative.

Since 1972, we have worked together to create the world’s first industrial symbiosis based on a circular production model.

The basic idea is that a waste product from one organisation becomes a resource for another, helping both the environment and the economy. Having a local cooperation allows us to share and reuse resources, which saves money and reduces waste.

The symbiotic relationship fosters growth in the local community and promotes the green transition.

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PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

END USERS STUDIES SEEMLESS SYMBIOSIS OF INDUSTRIES

SUBSET 01

ARTISANAL FOOD INDUSTRY The rise of this category has been exponential – artisan, or craft, food and beverages have grown increasingly popular in the past few years.

SUBSET 01

SUBSET 01

GRIMSBY’S SEAFOOD INDUSTRY

END USERS (LOCALS/VISITORS) CONSUMERISM

Grimsby seafood executives have welcomed the government’s £75 million investment in the industry.

Westmister is following through on vows made during Brexit by investing in infrastructure, supply chains, employment, and skills.

According to consumerists, the food sector is solely governed by consumer demand. Choose more items. People are reported to buy food for a variety of reasons. Their eating preferences are influenced by a complex interplay of biology, economy, geography, and social relationships.

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PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

Processed Seafood Raw Seafood Cooked Seafood Waste Produced

TRADITIONAL INDUSTRY

ACTIVISM/POLITICAL MOVEMENT

FARM TO TABLE

FARM TO TABLE MOVEMENT

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DEFINITION OF ARTISANAL FOOD

SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION

£28bn

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The participation of locals and visitors minimises the number of workers in the building while increasing social and public engagement in the region.

Food and beverage, the UK’s largest manufacturing sector, has remained robust through economic downturns and contributed.

96% SMEs represent 96% of the sector, within which sits artisan food production, typically small, often family, businesses whose products are inspired by local traditions. Artisanal food fuelled economic growth after the previous recession and continues to grow.

3.3b tonnes of packaging, single use plastics, plastic waste and food waste, globally estimated and the Zero waste campaigns will focusing on.

In the scheme, all food ingredients were produced in a sustainable manner, with as little carbon footprint as feasible.

Essentially locally produced food made with non-industrial processes. The term “artisan” is similar to the word craft. What we call craft beer could just as well be known as artisan beer.

SUSTAINABLE FOOD PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTION

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SUSTAINABLE FOOD CONSUMPTION

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Our programme will also educate the public on how to manage food sources and consume it in a sustainable and ethical manner. How to balance the food supply so that it does not expire or spoil.

FOOD LOST AND WASTE PREVENTION

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Finally, we would educate people on how to manage their food waste, such as whether to throw it away or use it as substrate or fertiliser to re-produce more food supply, and so on.

The rise of this category has been exponential – artisan, or craft, food and beverages have grown increasingly popular in the past few years. Just a quick search online or browse through social media platforms and you’re bound to see several homegrown food and drink producers, ranging from tempeh to whiskey. All proudly stamped with the “made locally” – or variations of that – tagline. The growth of this industry reaps several benefits. The advantage of artisan foods is that it comes with the added bonus of being sustainably produced.

- unreservedmedia.com

Following manufacture, the goods must be processed and delivered to consumers.

The programme might lead to efficient distribution systems that provide sustainable ways and local support for both the environment and the economy.

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

The involvement of locals and visitors creates a strong community that is interested in living a sustainable life using food as a source of sustenance. The primary programmes would be education ARTISANAL FOOD INDUSTRY KEY PRINCIPLE OF PROGRAMMING and participation.

HUMAN/SOCIALLY

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The involvement of locals and visitors creates a strong community that is interested in living a sustainable life using food as a source of sustenance. The primary programmes would be education and participation.

ATELIER QUESTION?

INFRASTRUCTURE

Can an Infrastructure architecture be productive in service of humans and the enviroment simultaneously?; Can the spaces of infrastructural architecture be socially productive?

In the proposed market, creating a space/building that can supply a sustainable food source (vegetables, fish, poultry, etc.) and serving artisanal foods and fresh ingredients.

As a result, there is a minimal balance of waste remaining, and all of the ingredients are used up until the scrap.

MANIFESTO 1

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ENVIROMENTAL The structure and programmes would have a significant impact on the environment, lowering the carbon footprint, reducing food waste, and requiring less land for agriculture and aquaculture.

Artists in the food business, such as local fishers, fishmongers, farmers, and chefs, should be promoted.

Encourage sustainability in the food business through educating consumers and developing locally sourced foods.

Increase the economic and social effect of the Grimsby food sector by introducing new career opportunities.

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EXISTING BUILDING ANALYSIS TRANSIT/ TRANSPORT FISH MARKETS

FARMS/ POULTRY RESTAURANTS/CAFES

DEVELOPMENTS

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PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

SITE ANALYSIS/ REGIONAL

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THEN No. 2 Fish Dock is a result of the rapid expansion of Grimsby docks in the 19th Century. The dock walls and supporting original infrastructure was completed c. 1877. These particular buildings were part of the inter-war expansion of the DOck and completed a continuous line of buildings that ran all the way to the mouth of No. 1 Fish Dock.

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1940’s Most of people in Grimsby were working at the Grimsby Docks between 1940s to 1960s.

No. 2 Fish Dock is a result of the rapid expansion of Grimsby docks in the 19th Century. The dock walls and supporting original infrastructure was completed c. 1877. These particular buildings were part of the inter-war expansion of the DOck and completed a continuous line of buildings that ran all the way to the mouth of No. 1 Fish Dock.

According to our findings, the structure is a massive block of concrete with a fabric facade.

£13m worth of fish was brought in from Grimsby Docks in mid-60s.

£40m

was UK total worth of fish in mid-60s.

It was once the largest fishing port in the world with several thousand workers.

Despite it’s workers dropping in numbers through the years, fishing is still in the blood of many locals. In the early 1950s, Grimsby landed approximately 20 per cent of the UK’s fish.

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

INTRODUCTION TO THE BUILDING

With all of the shattered glass and metal sheets covering the openings, the building appears to be very old and somewhat dystopian.

We are excited to analyze various spaces and programmes that could be incorporated into the new scheme in the future.

From a human standpoint, the building is one-of-akind, with numerous projection elements or cantilevers.

The majority of the building’s facade is open and breathable in a positive way.

Because the building is not a listed structure, we are free to be more experimental because there are no constraints or regulations preventing us from creating unorthodox yet meaningful architecture.

Then, in the mid-70s, it reportedly employed 17 per cent of all active Grimsby workers.

This dropped to about 8.5 per cent in the mid-80s, which still reflected a significant percentage on a national scale.

To celebrate the rich history of Grimsby Docks, we have collated 23 pictures taken in circa 1940 to 1960.

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PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS EXISTING FABRIC STUDY Identifying which building components (fish market) were deemed historically valuable enough to encourage even if the structure is not classified, so that these characteristics are not significantly altered during re-use.

MATERIALITY PALLETE

BUILDING COMPONENTS CONVEYOR BELT

The original conveyor belt that connected the next ice factory and the fish market in the 1960s is now deconstructed, disassembled, and placed immediately next to the building.

ROOF STRUCTURE

The original roof structure is a RC flat roof slab , RC arc structure and also

COLUMNS AND BEAMS

The majority of the structure is made up of typical RC columns and beams that span 4m to 6m in length.

There are numerous RC floor joists.

SLABS AND WALLS

BLOCK 03

The original roof structure is a RC flat roof slab , RC arc structure and also

Main ture umns

OPENINGS AND DOORS

BLOCK 02

The original roof structure is a RC flat roof slab , RC arc structure and also

STAIRCASE

The original roof structure is a RC flat roof slab , RC arc structure and also

building RC struc(slabs, wall, coland beams.

RC open structure (columns & beams) with pitched roof (with asbestos roof finishing)

BLOCK 01

RC structure that originally supporting the conveyor belt.

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PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

EXISTING BUILDING ANALYSIS

PROGRAM & FABRIC STUDY

DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS

HERITAGE & FABRIC STUDY

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APPROACHES TO HISTORIC BUILDING TREATMENT

PRECEDENT STUDY OF ADAPTIVE REUSE

Identifying which building components (fish market) were deemed historically valuable enough to encourage even if the structure is not classified, so that these characteristics are not significantly altered during re-use.

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PRESERVATION

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COAL DROPS YARD / HEATHERWICK STUDIO RESTORATION

“Preservation means to maintain a place with a little change as possible” -ICOMOS New Zealand, 2010

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ADAPTIVE REUSE

“The return of something to a former, original, normal or unimpaired condition” Stubbs, 2009

“The reuse of pre-existing structures for new purposes” -Wong, 2016

THE ROOF AND FORM EXPLORATION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF REFURBISHMENT

The design extends the interior gabled roofs of the warehouses to connect the two viaducts and define the yard while also providing flowing circulation patterns. The flowing roofs climb up and stretch towards one other until they touch, supported by an entirely new and highly technical freestanding structure interlaced within the heritage framework. This creates a totally new floating upper floor, a vast covered outdoor space, and the site’s focal point.

WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE BRIEF 1

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The building specified in the brief is not a Listed Building in the United Kingdom, so we are not limited in exploring the possibility of creating a contrasting architecture silhoutte in the Grimsby context. However, we continue to consider the adjacent Ice Factory building, which is a Grade 2 Listed Building and will be converted into a Theater in the future.

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

ADAPTIVE REUSE METHODOLOGY

We persist to restore nearly 50-60% of the building components and elements as part of our structures. For instance, the large percentage of the columns, beams, and slabs. While the building fabric, walls, and roof are being removed to allow for the construction of a new extension and facade.

This project is said to incorporate an element of adaptive reuse for the building as a method of heritage treatment. During the 1940s, the structure was used as a fishing dock, fish market, and jetty for the fishing industry.

HERITAGE APPROACH The intervention aims to repurpose the fishing dock as a place of industry and food production (specifically artisanal food production)

Contrast Elements

Dynamic & Rythm

Connection to the Historical

ADAPTIVE RE-USE METHOD : WRAP/UMBRELLA 1

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The existing original building is made up of three different types of structures, and because it is not a listed building, we are attempting to explore more towards radical adaptive reuse in order to create a dynamic and contrasted architecture within the site to attract visitors.

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We dismantle two sub-buildings and a portion of the main building’s roof covering to allow for intervention and the addition of a new structural system integrated within the original structures.

We introduce a new structural grid extension that mirrors the original grid and uses CLT to reduce the embodied carbon in construction. We also began to sketch the roof’s cascading silhoutte.

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Finally, to avoid cold bridges in the building, we use the terms umbrella and parasite of adaptive reuse to clad the existing and extension structures with new facades.

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ANALYSIS OF PROJECTS MICHIGAN FISH LADDER PARK, UNITED STATES

SYDNEY FISH MARKET, AUSTRALIA

OSLO OPERA HOUSE, NORWAY

CONCEPT OF JOURNEY, MOVEMENT, FLOW

ADAPTATION OF PROGRAMS AND SPACES

BUILDING MASSING AND PUBLIC REALM

The artist, Joseph Kinnebrew, created this functional piece of artwork that serves both a practical purpose and an aesthetic pleasure. This popular site, designed to give migrating fish a way to avoid the powerful water flow at the Grand River’s man-made rapids, allows visitors to watch fish jump up the “ladder” in a seasonal migration in the spring and late summer.

Sydney Fish Market, which will allow the public to observe the workings of what will be the world’s largest wholesale fish market. will separate tourists from the industrial activities, but keep the seafood market visible.

The public will be able to access the first floor level from auditorium-style steps leading from a new plaza. Above this on the first floor a market-style arrangement of restaurants, cafes and retailers will be arranged around viewing galleries overlooking the fish market

The artist, Joseph Kinnebrew, created this functional piece of artwork that serves both a practical purpose and an aesthetic pleasure. This popular site, designed to give migrating fish a way to avoid the powerful water flow at the Grand River’s man-made rapids, allows visitors to watch fish jump up the “ladder” in a seasonal migration in the spring and late summer.

JOURNEY OF PEOPLE AND FISH INTO THE BUILDING (INSIDE OUTSIDE)

INFORMAL EXHIBITION & EDUCATIONAL

SEAMLESS TRANSITION BETWEEN URBAN AND ARCHITECTURE

The central atrium would be the conjunction of people and fish making their way inside the building.

Visitors can look at the seafood process from the first floor as part of exhibition.

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

PRECEDENT STUDIES

Cascading form allowing public to acces the roof as part of their journey into the building.

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PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

MACRO SITE ANALYSIS & SYNTHESIS ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES SOLAR PATH

CIRCULATION/ACCESS

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PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

MICRO SITE ANALYSIS & SYNTHESIS ZONING AND PROGRAMMING

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PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

DESIGN STRATEGIES & ITERATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL APPROACHES

CONNECTION TO SURROUNDING CONTEXT

RESPONSIVE FACADE TREATMENT

POSSIBLE ENTRANCE

PUBLIC REALM ENTRANCE

NOISE BUFFER ZONE

POSSIBLE VISTAS/ VIEWS

To create a seamless public realm, the building will interact with the surrounding existing/ proposed buildings and green space.

The south side of the building will be furnished with a facade that will reduce glare entering the interior.

The entrance would be possible from the main road, bringing people and fish together in the same space.

To create an integrated transition between the public and the building, a portion of the entrance’s massing would be chamfered.

The majority of noise pollution comes from vehicles and ports; however, planting trees can minimise the sound towards the building.

The main view would be of the water body as well as the planned green promenade between the proposed theatre.

ZONNING & PROGRAMMING

UTILISE NATURAL DAYLIGHT

STAIRWAYS TO HAVEN ATRIUM

RESPONSIVE FORM EXPERIMENTATION

ELEVATED ROOFTOP GREEN SPACE

SEEMLESS TRANSITION OF LEVELS

The industrial spaces were located on half of the ground floor for loading, while the public spaces were located on the first floor overlooking the bay for a better view.

The south side of the building will be furnished with a facade that will reduce glare entering the interior.

The entrance would be possible from the main road, bringing people and fish together in the same space.

To create an integrated transition between the public and the building, a portion of the entrance’s massing would be chamfered.

The majority of noise pollution comes from vehicles and ports; however, planting trees can minimise the sound towards the building.

The main view would be of the water body as well as the planned green promenade between the proposed theatre.

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EXPERIMENTATION OF PARAMETRIC FABRIC

EXISTING BUILDING

CENTRAL CIRCULATION

CASCADING FACADE

ZONING & PROGRAMS

DETAILED PROGRAMS

EXTERNAL CIRCULATION

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PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

MASSING ITERATIONS

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CIRCULATION & ACCESS

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LEGENDS 1. The Grand Stairway 2. The Promenade 3. Proposed Theater 4. Public Square 5. Outdoor Herbs Garden 6. Outdoor Fish Farm 8. Outdoor Shellfish Farm 9. Outdoor Seaweed Farm 10. Service Road (Access) 11. Connection to Kasbah 12. Indoor Fish Farming 13. The Marina 14. Hydroponic Farm 15. The Viewing Deck

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PROPOSED MASTERPLAN EXISTING SITE CONDITION

SCALE 1:1000

SITE PLAN (MASTERPLAN)

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

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PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

KEY SPACE HIERARCHY & PROGRAMMING CIRCULATION & MOVEMENTS AS CONCEPT The spaces are arranged to follow the flow of the food processing industry, and the building is divided into three sections: educational, harvest, and output, but there is a seamless transition within the programme, assimilating. The journey concept for end users established a path for them to move from outside the building into the building.

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Human Circulation Veggies Circulation Seafood/ Service Circulation Water Circulation Biomass Energy Circulation

ACTIVITIES AND SPACES

ZONES AND AREA

HUMAN CIRCULATION

Visitors from the main road can really peek components of the programmes and flows of “making foods” within the building via the designated staircase leading to the roof, creating a seemless transition from the landscape to the building in a delicate way.

SEAFOOD CIRCULATION

This section of the building is intended to provide visitors with exposure to the seafood sector as well as the food industry in Grimsby in particular.

Interacting with the exhibits allows visitors to learn more about the industry as well as how to make meals.

VEGGIES CIRCULATION

One of the key features is the source of seafood, which is fish that are naturally delivered into the facility by their migration route. The fish are transferred from outdoor fish farming to indoor captivities via the fish ladder before being processed into food products.

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

The main stairs also serves as a platform for consumers and employees to plant greenery for food. There are two kinds: hydroponic for tropical plants on the upper floor and cold climate plants on the actual steps.

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Human Circulation Veggies Circulation Seafood/ Service Circulation Water Circulation Biomass Energy Circulation

ACTIVITIES AND SPACES

ZONES AND FLOW

HUMAN CIRCULATION

Because of its proximity to food sources, the kitchen is located beneath the stairwell to maximise space usage. The majority of the restaurant’s meals are prepared in the kitchen by a trained professional chef.

SEAFOOD CIRCULATION

The main stairs also serve as a learning platform for guests interested in learning about plants and herbs. They can also relax because there are seating areas throughout the indoor garden. Tranquility and serenity for the older generation, and interaction for the younger.

ENERGY CIRCULATION

There is a designated market where people can buy fresh, artisanal, and sustainable food ingredients produced in the building itself. This can generate revenue while also educating people about the importance of consuming sustainable food sources.

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

All food waste is being transferred to biomass facilities to be converted into electrical energy for building use. On top, there is also a photovoltaic glass panel to supplement the biomass energy.

21

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

AXONOMETRIC PROGRAMS ACTIVITIES AND SPACES The areas are organised to mimic the flow of the food processing business, and the structure is divided into three sections: instructional, harvest, and output, but there is a fluid transition inside the programme, absorbing. The end-user journey concept established a path for them to move from outside the building into the building.

nic o p o r Hyd kinhgop o o C orks W

lary i c n alion Apace c i t r S Verculat i C n& o i t i Exahlib ry G e

asteent W Foaondagem Mb La arm F n ee Grrera c Te

ssing e c Proace Sp nt a r u stafe ReC a &

alion c i t r Verculat Ci h Freasrket M

ing d a Lo y Ba es c i v r Se

k Dec

N 22

PROPOSED GF

EXISTING GROUND FLOOR

2

1

6

3 5

PROPOSED FF

EXISTING FIRST FLOOR

2

7

4

8

9

18

6 12

10

14 15

16

1 17

11

11

1

2 20

19

23

FF DEMOLITION

21

GF DEMOLITION

SCALE 1:500

FLOOR PLANS

1

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

13

22 LEGENDS 1. Outdoor Stairway Garden 2. Entrance 3. Exhibition Space 4. Indoor Stairway Garden 5. Fish Ladder/ Pond 6. Vertical Circulation Core 7. Toilets 8. Pump Room/Filter Tank 9. Restaurant Kitchen 10. Indoor Fish Tank 11. Restaurant Eating Area 12. Artisanal Market 13. Outdoor Promenade 14. Solar Energy Tank 15. Biomass Energy Tank

16. Biomass Facility 17. Storage Room 18. Dry Loading Bay 19. Waterfront 20. Waterfront Decking 21. Outdoor Fish Farm 22. Viewing Deck 23. Outdoor Seaweed Farm 24. Pontoon Deck

24

N 23

SCALE 1:500

NORTH ELEVATION

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

ELEVATIONS (FACADE TREATMENTS)

SOUTH ELEVATION

EAST ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION 24

EXISTING SECTION

PROPOSED SECTION

SCALE 1:400

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

EXISTING SECTION

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

CROSS SECTION

PROPOSED SECTION

SCALE 1:400

25

NTS

1. Curtain Wall Glazing 2. Curtain Wall Steel Frame 3. PPC Coated Insulation 4. Lightweight Concrete Panel 5. CLT Trusses 6. CLT Floor Joist 7. Metal C Chanel 8. Height Adjustment Beads 9. Bolt and Nut 10. Steel Bracing 11. Damp Proof Membrane (DPM) 12. Timber Joist 13. Original RC Floor Slab 14. Wool Insulation 15. Rebars 16. Underfloor Heating System 17. New RC Floor Slab 18. Sealant Applied Between PPC Panel

1

2

5 7

9

17

3

4 6

GLASS ROOF DETAIL

1

11

16 14

18

12

DETAILED ROOF GLAZING

LEGENDS

DETAILED FIRST FLOOR

KEY SECTION

DETAILED GROUND FLOOR

CURTAIN WALL DETAIL

TECHNICAL DETAILINGS

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

DETAIL SECTIONS

15

13

2

8

10

DETALED TECHNICAL SECTION SCALE 1:10

ROOF TO FOUNDATION SECTION

SCALE 1:50

26

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

DETAIL SECTIONS TECHNICAL DETAILINGS DETAILED OUTDOOR STEPS

DETAILED FISH LADDER

KEY SECTION NTS

2 3 10

1 5

4

11

6

7 9

16

1

8

17

12

13

LEGENDS 1. Timber Floor Joist 2. Glazing Panel 3. Glazing Steel Frame 4. PPC Coated Insulation 5. Damp Proof Membrane (DPM) 6. Metal Bracing 7. Wool Insulation 8. I beam 9. Damp Proof Membrane (DPM) 10. Lightweight Concrete Floor Panel 11. Timber Batten 12. Glass Fibre RC Planter Box 13. Bolted to CLT Beam 14. CLT Beam 15. Wool Roof Insulation 16. Soil Substrate

2 14

15

DETALED TECHNICAL SECTION

SCALE 1:10

ROOF TO FOUNDATION SECTION

SCALE 1:50

27

APPROVED DOCUMENTS

DOCUMENT B

DOCUMENT K

DOCUMENT C & F

DOCUMENT M

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

REGULATIONS AND LEGISLATION FIRE REGULATIONS Table B4 All of the labbelled fire compartments with vertical escape will be constructed with concrete block internal walls, and faced with two layers of fire retardant plasterboard for 90 minutes of fire resistance. The internal walls will not have cavity to prevent smoke circulation.

Table 9.1 The building will be fitted with a fire alarm and automatic sprinkler system to allow for 14,000m2 compartments.

3.6 Every compartment on every floor contains 1 or 2 wheelchair refuges of more than 900mm x 400mm.

Clear Radius on Landing

bly m e s Asint B Po

Fire Compartment Wall

Refugee Shelter for Wheelchair

2.18 The building expected to hold between 60 to 220 people regularly, so the fire doors have a 1200mm clear width.

bly m e s Asint A Po

bly m e Assint C Po

28

CONSTRUCTION STAGES EXISTING BUILDING

Construction Phase 01 / Site & Building Preparation

PHASE 01 PHASE 02

PHASE 03

Preparing the site - Site Hoarding Construction - Site Clearance - Site Investigation - Survey Work - Site Utilities Setup - On-Site Facilities Construction

Demolition - Existing paladin fence removal - Shrub Removal - Additional Site Clearance - Removing Center RC Columns and Beams

Groundworks - Soil Investigation - Site Contimination Investigation

PHASE 04 PHASE 05

tureed c u r t s olish Sub em AD re ucltisuhed r t s b mo SuD B e

Existing Building Restoration - Concrete Core Testing - Concrete Column Steel Plate Bonding - Anti-Carbonation Coating - Additional Concrete Surveys

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE AND PLAN OF WORK

d adle ishe Facm o De

29

SUSTAINABLE AND TECHNOLOGIES MONTH 1 LEAD CONSULTANT

INTERDEPENDENCIES

KASBAH CLIENT

PROJECT TEAM

ARCHITECT

PROJECT TEAM

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

MEETINGS 1

PROGRESS MEETINGS

2

PROPOSED DESIGN TEAM MEETINGS

3

CLIENT SIGN OFF

KASBAH CLIENT

4

APPOINTMENTS

KASBAH CLIENT

5

COST CHECKS

COST CONSULTANT

6

PRE-PLANNING CONSULTATION - ACCELERATED PRE-APP

7

PREP OF PRE-APP DOCUMENT

8

SUBMIT PRE-APP DOC

PLANNING CONSULTANT

9

PRE-APPLICATION MEETING

PLANNING CONSULTANT

10

PREP PUBLIC CONSULTATION

11

PUBLIC CONSULTATION

12

RIBA STAGE 0 - STRATEGIC DEFINITION

13

SITE VISIT & MEETINGS

14

RIBA STAGE 1 - PREPARATION & BRIEF

15 16

RIBA STAGE 2 - CONCEPT DESIGN RIBA STAGE 3 - DEVELOPED

17

TRANSITION SPACE + HOUSING (DETAILED DESIGN)

18

DEVELOP GROUND LEVELS STRATEGY

19

DEVELOP LANDSCAPE DESIGN CONCEPT

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

20

DEVELOPED LANDSCAPE DESIGN

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

21

FIRE STRATEGY

FIRE ENGINEER

ARCHITECT

22

REVIEW OF RTL, DAYLIGHT/ SUNLIGHT

SURVEYORS

ARCHITECT

23

DEVELOPED CIVIL DESIGN

24

TRANSPORT MODELLING

25

NOISE AND AIR QUALITY MODELLING

26

CIRCULATION STRATEGY, NUMBERS & SIZE

27

DEFINE SERVICING & PLANT STRATEGY

28

DEVELOPED MEP DESIGN

29

DEFINE STRUCTURAL STRATEGY

30

INITIAL LAYOUTS

31

DETAILED LAYOUT & CORE DEVELOPMENT

ARCHITECT

32

FACADE CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

ARCHITECT

33

FINALISE FACADE DESIGN

ARCHITECT

34

PLANNING APPLICATION PREPARATION

35

APPLICATION FORMS & CERTIFICATES

36

DESIGN & ACCESS STATEMENT INCLUDING TVIA

37

PLANNING DRAWINGS INCLUDING PARAMETER PLANS

38

PLANNING STATEMENT

39

DEVELOPMENT SPEC & FRAMEWORK

PLANNING CONSULTANT

40

LANDSCAPE REPORT

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

41

ENERGY STATEMENT

ENERGY CONSULTANT

42

SUSTAINABILITY REPORT

43

TRANSPORT ASSESMENT & DRAFT TRAVEL PLANS

44

STATEMENT OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT

45

ARBORICULTURAL ASSESMENT

46

AIR QUALITY ASSESMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT

47

NOISE & VIBRATION ASSESMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT

48

WIND & MICROCLIMATE

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT

49

DAYLIGHT, SUNLIGHT & OVERSHADOWING ASSESMENT

50

FLOOD RISK ASSESMENT & DRAINAGE STRATEGY

51

FINAL SIGN OFF

52

SUBMIT APPLICATION

PLANNING CONSULTANT

53

DETERMINATION

PLANNING CONSULTANT

54

RIBA STAGE 4 - TECHNICAL DESIGN

55

RIBA STAGE 5 - CONSTRUCTION

56

PRELIMINARY WORK

57

SOIL INVESTIGATION, EARTHWORKS & EXCAVATION

58

DEMOLITION AND RESTORATION EXSITING BUILDING

59

ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

PLANNING CONSULTANT

PR CONSULTANT

ARCHITECT

PLANNING CONSULTANT

ARCHITECT

ARCHITECT

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

PLAN OF WORK RIBA SCHEDULE

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER TRANSPORT CONSULTANT ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT

M&E ENGINEER

M&E ENGINEER M&E ENGINEER

ARCHITECT

M&E ENGINEER

ARCHITECT

STRUCTURAL ENGINEER AGRICULTURAL CONSULTANT

ARCHITECT ARCHITECT STRUCTURAL ENGINEER ENERGY CONSULTANT

ARCHITECT

STRUC + LAND + PLANNING

ARCHITECT

STRUC + LAND + PLANNING

PLANNING CONSULTANT

GRIMSBY CLIENT

REVIEW

PLANNING CONSULTANT

REVIEW

ARCHITECT

REVIEW

SUSTAINABILITY CONSULTANT TRANSPORT CONSULTANT PR CONSULTANT

REVIEW

REVIEW

SURVEYORS

SURVEYORS STRUCTURAL ENGINEER GRIMSBY CLIENT

REVIEW

GRIMSBY CLIENT

EXTENSION FOUNDATION FISH DOCK

60

INSTALLING CLT COLUMN

61

REINFORCEMENT OF RC COLUMN

62

RC CORE (ELEVATORS & FIRE STAIRCASE)

63

INSTALL NEW FLOORING SYSTEM

64

INSTALLATION OF UNDERFLOOR HEATING SYSTEM

65

INSTALLATION OF DOORS, WINDOWS, OPENINGS, RAILINGS ETC

66

INSTALLING PRE-CASTED STAIRCASE

67

LANDSCAPE AND GREENERIES

68

WATERFALL UNIT FOR FISH LADDER

69

SERVICES (ELECTRIC, HEATING SYSTEM, WATER SUPPLY ETC)

70

RIBA STAGE 6 - HAND OVER

71

RIBA STAGE 7 - IN USE PLANNING SUBMISSION

30

EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURE DEMOLITION

In order to create a void in the center of the building, we decided to demolish the existing concrete structure (columns and part of beams). To create a public space that connecting the industrial part and commercial while receiving well-exposure natural daylighting into the ground floor, where previously not exposed to much sun exposure.

1

The grid of the existing RC column has 5 rows, as shown in the cross section, to support the roof arch structure on top.

PHYSICAL MODEL STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ITERATIONS

1

3

We propose removing the middle row of columns and expanding the existing void to create a dramatic atrium space in the centre as the main space.

By removing the columns, you are adding instability to the grid as a whole.

There are two methods for strengthening the side columns that support the arc roof structure. The first is to cast concrete on the existing column surface to increase the structural grid’s strength and stiffness (lateral load and wind load). Cladding the existing columns with RC makes the structure look bulkier and heavier, while also increasing the embodied carbon.

FIBRE PLATE BOND

The second method is to simply drill metal plates into the original concrete columns to increase their strength and prevent them from swaying.

This can also aid in the distribution of lateral loads across existing and new additional structures.

VOID

2

The load, particularly from the main RC arch roof structure, as well as wind load from the sides, reduces lateral load distribution throughout the grid system.

4

JACKETING

As we can see, the space in the centre has a lot of potential to become a focal point with a skylight on top.

The grid is too congested and close to one another, limiting the possibility of creating interesting spaces.

2

Creating a physical model allows us to see how the spaces would work in depth and from different perspectives if the structural grid system was changed.

1 CONCRETE COLUMN 2 STEEL AND CARBON

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION

After removing the middle row of columns, we can see that the space has cultivated into this massive and well-lit area in the centre.

The middle space would become a public and socially active space, as well as the link between the left and right wings, which would have different types of programming.

Aaron, one of our Structural Engineer panel members, suggested that we introduce a method of stiffening the existing columns and some kind of supportive trusses to support the arch structure.

3

Following the creation of this atrium space, occupants will have clearer and more direct views and vistas of each programme from various points of view.

The structure of the building is more breathable, which was not the case in the original building arrangement of structures.

31

STRUCTURAL RESTORATION The continuation of research and analysis on column stiffening methods in order to integrate new and existing structures. For the columns and beams restorations, we consider sizing, aesthetics, impact on the spaces, and overall design.

This is becoming an interesting aspect of the project where we can delve deeper into structural instability and the adaptive reuse approach in some ways.

EXISTING RC COLUMN

BEFORE y

x Existing column grids cannot bear the loads imposed by structures and wind alone; they must be stiffened and reinforced in order to maintain structural stiffness.

AFTER

1 CONCRETE COLUMN

JACKETING y

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

STRUCTURAL STRATEGIES

2 STEEL AND CARBON

FIBRE PLATE BOND y

x+1/3x

The disadvantage of this strategy is that the column’s size increases dramatically, taking up space in the grid and making the column appear huge.

x

So we finally decided to use a metal plate to reinforce the column while keeping the column’s size relatively constant because the metal plate is thin and sleek and will be covered by plants later.

32

SUSTAINABLE AND TECHNOLOGIES The material used for the roof steps is recycled concrete panel, which was reused from the building’s demolished RC columns. Constructing a lightweight panel to be installed on top of CLT structures.

Solar energy is collected from the greenhouse’s glass panel and used to heat the water inside the tube, which then circulates through the underfloor heating system.

Stack effect during the summer to assist the building in ventilating all of the humidity and warmth and circulating fresh air for the occupants by the openable skylight.

Plants produce oxygen, which is beneficial to the environment.

Filtering the water from the docks and releasing it back into the environment.

The has bines erate lamps

waterfall small turthat genenergy for and exhibits.

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES ACTIVE

Ra i nwa te r harvesting is used to water plants and flush the toilet.

All the food waste being proccess into biomass facility to generate electricity to power up the water filter and pump.

33

ISOMETRIC SECTIONAL

iling a R s Glas

ht g i e twled Ligchy c Re ncrete Conel Pa

al W aine t r u C cad Fa

The axonometric sectional graphic depicts the general building methods used in the project.

How the new structure is linked to the old structures, the considerations, and how it generates unique spatial organisation within the study of the building fabric and structure

RC g n i f t Exicsh Roeo Arructur St ltaic o v o Phlaozting G

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

CONSTRUCTION AXONOMENTRIC

sh e M al Meotring Flo

oof R T CLusses Tr

s lab S RC Existing on bs Sla 34

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

3D PERSPECTIVES DESIGN PROPOSAL

View From the Waterfront.

35

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

3D PERSPECTIVES DESIGN PROPOSAL

View From the Main Road towards the Building.

36

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

3D PERSPECTIVES DESIGN PROPOSAL

View of the Promenade between the Building & the Proposed Theater.

37

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

3D PERSPECTIVES DESIGN PROPOSAL

View of the Central Atrium Space.

38

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

3D PERSPECTIVES DESIGN PROPOSAL

View of the Exhibition Space.

39

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

3D PERSPECTIVES DESIGN PROPOSAL

View of the Restaurant and Eating Pods.

40

PROJECT CONCLUSION In the context of Grimsby, PS2 posed the problem of creating a space within existing fabric and considering the social and environmental aspect in term of infrastructure with a local context. The site’s location was quite unique, limited and contraint and there were not a lot of interesting relationships between the many types of people who moved around and lived in the neighbourhood so close to the ports, especially the Kasbah area.

The reading list is extremely effective in bringing the data and research together to form a compelling narrative and plot for the project. The North Sea Policy aids us in developing a solid conceptual foundation for our use of the original Fish Dock and the incorporation of a existing Kasbah revitilisation program od Artisanal Food industry into the existing structure.

The planning project was an excellent approach to bring together a large amount of research to support the site’s core issues and how each pair could potentially address them. The enormous amount of waste produced by both the docks and the material scooped out to develop them was one of our primary findings from the planning studies.

The adaptive reuse project truly exposed us to this limitation yet critical thinking in order to achieve that unique and interesting environment with engaging programmes. By creating within the structures and refurbishing, we can celebrate the existing and original fabric of the building.

ARIF IZZUDDIN

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

CONCLUSION & SELF REFLECTION

Overall, I am delighted with the outcome of the project. I believe the design meets the brief effectively. The existing fish dock building framework has a massive quality to it, and I appreciate how the structures offer intrigue and continuity throughout the building.

The building’s narrative was well-thought out; the idea of sustainability, community engagement, and environmetal consideration informed every architectural decision and gave the structure meaning. If time had permitted, I would have liked to explore three main aspects further: 1. Exploration of space; I would have experimented with various type of space form and complex design.

2.

Learn

more

about

the

Artisanal

Food

Industry;

Rather than providing a market area, I would have planned more detail on the mechanism of the production system more delicately and created more fun and experimentation on the space.

3.

Facade

Treatment

Experimentation;

If I explored a bit more by incorporating digital design such as Rhino or Grasshopper script to create a interesting facade yet environmental responsive.

AIMAN HAKIM As a partner, our approach to PS2 was to utilise our varied skills to create a unique and bold design for the adaptive re-use of the Fish Dock of Grimsby. This project has allowed me to gain a lot more experience working on a re-use project, instead of a new build, which I found very interesting as there were many constraints that we had to work around as a group which eventually lead us to produce our final design.

Working with my partner, Ariff was an amazing experience and has proven to be very beneficial as we were able to allow more time to focus more closely on specific tasks, such as analysing the existing building and building regulations.

The project presented us with many challenges along the way which tested us however we worked very efficiently as a team to overcome any problems we came across. Our project strategy was to create a building where visitors can interact and learn the history and glory of Grimsby. Our approach to this was to create light, and enhance the unique part of the building which is the Arch.

As part of Infraspace we wanted to include quite a few elements of computational design which we learnt together and used at various steps in our design process from testing floor plan iterations, for these open spaces, to analysing the environmental aspects of our building

41

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our gratitude to all of the teachers in Infrastructure Space year 05, Lisa, Samuel, and Dragana, for guiding us through our first overwhelming year in the UK. During our weekly tutorials in the InfraSpace studio, they have shown us a lot of kindness, assistance, and even love.

The ing

studio taught and building great

us a lot, concepts with such

especially a broad

about link to

researchthe site.

PS2 INFRASPACE | ARIF IZZUDDIN X AIMAN HAKIM

APPRECIATION & BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITES (Offshore renewable energy industry outlook - 2030 and beyond, Interreg VB North Sea Region Programme, 2022) (NORD Wins Competition to Design Marine Education Center in Malmö, 2022) (Marine Education Center / NORD Architects, 2022) https://www.archdaily.com/422608/fish-market-in-bergen-eder-biesel-arkitekter https://www.dezeen.com/2018/11/28/3xn-sydney-fish-market-blackwattle-bay/ https://issuu.com/cdrexel/docs/thesis_book https://www.dezeen.com/2022/01/14/kengo-kuma-hisao-hiroko-taki-plaza-tokyo-institute-technology/ https://www.google.com/search?q=glass+roof+truss+detail+drawing&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjStbvlxOr2AhWCyyoKHXA3BVUQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=glass+roof+truss+detail+drawing&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoGCAAQCBAeOggIABAIEAcQHjoFCAAQgAQ6BAgAEB5QlgtYxEBgtUJoAnAAeAGAAeoBiAHoFJIBBjE0LjkuMpgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=SZJCYpLtMYKXqwHw7pSoBQ&bih=939&biw=1880&client=opera&hs=ZTv https://www.google.com/search?q=i+beam+to+glass+detail&client=opera&hs=68s&sxsrf=APq-WBugLufQ6nK0fvz_JUK29P4jKbiSbw:1648076271108&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivyc7Fqt32AhUPUcAKHeX6BkQQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1880&bih=939&dpr=1 https://www.google.com/search?q=planter%20box%20on%20timber%20column%20detail&tbm=isch&hl=en-GB&tbs=rimg:CSx4i14vucOoYewVvvwY8yG1sgIMCgIIABAAOgQIABAB&client=opera&hs=BcV&sa=X&ved=0CBsQuIIBahcKEwjQpImZ2tr2AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQDw&biw=1865&bih=939#imgrc=PufTq56UQAMy2M

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