Streets as Public Spaces: Lessons Learned from Malioboro Street, Yogyakarta City

SBEW 4282-PSM 2 Viva Presentation

SREETS AS PUBLIC SPACES: LESSONS LEARNED FROM MALIOBORO STREET, YOGYAKARTA CITY Arifatul Hasanah (A18BE0179) Supervised by: TPr Chau Loon Wai Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION

01

Problem Background

05

Case Study Area

02

Problem Statement, Research Questions, Aim, and Objectives

06

Research Outcome, Findings, and Discussion

03

Literature Review: Understanding Streets and Streets Revitalization in The Urban Design Perspective

07

Conclusion

04

Research Methodology

PROBLEM BACKGROUND o

o

o

One of the trend of urbanization in Indonesia lies in the use of streets and the streets itself. Development of streets have been prioritized to accommodate the large number of vehicle use and results to a variety of problems, such as congestion, accidents, productivity reduction, noise pollution, air pollution, health problems, and many others (Ruslan, et.al., 2020).

Traditional streets in Indonesia that historically functioned as multi-functional shared spaces are now merely channels of vehicle movement and are currently in vulnerability and begin to lose its quality due to poor management (Arif Budi Sholihah, 2016).

Malioboro Street, Yogyakarta city’s most significant street, also experiences the problems mentioned. However, ever since completing its revitalization, Malioboro Street turns to favour people-centred activities over vehicles.

Malioboro Street, 1970

Malioboro Street, 2013

120,000,000

Growth of Vehicle Ownership in Indonesia by Type

100,000,000 80,000,000 60,000,000 40,000,000 20,000,000 0

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Year Private Car Bus Truck Motorcycle

12,304,221

13,142,958

13,968,202

14,830,698

15,592,419

196,309

204,512

213,359

222,872

231,569

4,145,857

4,326,731

4,540,902

4,797,254

5,021,888

88,656,931

94,531,510

100,200,245

106,657,952

112,771,136

Malioboro Street, 2021

PROBLEM STATEMENT, RESEARCH QUESTIONS, AIM, AND OBJECTIVES Problem Statement Limited research on analyzing the revitalization process of Malioboro Street in the aspect of urban design and planning

Few good and proper documentations of the significant transformation of Malioboro Street

Research Questions How did Malioboro Street transform from a vehicle-dominated street into a peoplecentred street?

What are the barriers, shortcomings, and

What are the key success factors of

challenges that Malioboro Street faced during

Malioboro Street as a street for public space?

its transformation or revitalisation process?

“ To study and assess the transformation of Malioboro Street from once vehicledominated and uninviting to a social, economic, and recreational centre of the city.

“

Objectives 1

2 To analyse the transformation of Malioboro Street into a street as public space

3 To explore the strategies and challenges amidst the improvement of Malioboro Street

To extract the lessons that can be learned from Malioboro Street’s revitalization project from the urban design perspective

LITERATURE REVIEW UNDERSTANDING STREETS AND STREET REVITALIZATION IN THE URBAN DESIGN PERSPECTIVE

1 3 o

Definition and Concept of Streets

2

Characteristics and Principles of Streets

4

Use of Streets Importance of street revitalization

Some literatures analyzed include, “The Death and Life of Great American Cities” by Jane Jacobs, “Great Streets” by Alan Jacobs, “Liveable Streets” by Appleyard, “City at Eye Level” by Hans Karssenberg et.al., “Cities for People” and “Life Between Buildings” by Jan Gehl.

22

ASPECTS OF STREETS AS PUBLIC SPACES

Four categories: o

Land Use

o

Design of city at eye level

o

Design of pedestrian pathways

o

Street, parking, and connectivity

Inventory Checklist for Street as Public Spaces Assessment

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Preliminary Study

Literature Review

Identify the problem background, impacts of urbanization on streets and the vulnerability of traditional streets in Indonesia

1.

2.

3.

Study on importance of streets in shaping cities’ identity Theory on how should streets function as Study on street revitalization and its importance

Data Gathering

Primary Data Visual Observation - Walk-by Observations - Inventory Checklist

Data Analysis

Visual Content Analysis

Secondary Data Literature Review - Articles - Journals - Books

Content Analysis

Data Assessment Lessons Learned

Government Document - Rencana Tata

Bangunan dan Lingkungan (RTBL) Kawasan Malioboro

Images - Social Media - Online news - Articles

Document Analysis Assessment of Malioboro as street as public space from principles identified in literature review Conclude the findings and gaps of the research: - What can be learned from Malioboro Street?

- What are the drawbacks/issues that needs to be avoided?

- How can Malioboro Street set an example to other significant streets in Indonesia?

CASE STUDY AREA Gedongtengen District, Yogyakarta City, Special Region of Yogyakarta 373,589 people Yogyakarta City remains as the only Indonesian royal city ruled by monarchy and is known as “The remarkable city with a million histories and uniqueness,” the center of Indonesian education, and a famous tourist destination both domestically and internationally.

6 cultural conservation areas in Yogyakarta City (The Governor's Decree No. 186/2011)

1.

2.

3.

Kotagede Keraton Malioboro

4.

5.

6.

Pakualaman Kotabaru Imagiri.

RESEARCH OUTCOME, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSION OBJECTIVE 1 To analyse the transformation of Malioboro Street into a street as public space

16/22

Aspects of streets as public spaces fulfilled

Based on the analysis and assessment, it can be concluded that Malioboro Street does currently function as a street for public space.

Strolling and Picture taking

Becak-riding

Street vendors

Becak-Riding

Street Vendors

Cycling

Relaxing and Sight-seeing

Most people walk to their designated destinations

Scooter-riding

Converse and hang-out

Becak-Riding

Night Market, Strolling, Taking Pictures

Busking

OBJECTIVE 2 To explore the strategies and challenges amidst the improvement of Malioboro Street •

•

Corridor Arrangement

• •

Circulation System and Transportation

• • •

Settlement

• • •

The decline of the noble values of the philosophical axis A decrease in the visual quality of the area, both in the formal and informal sectors Poor infrastructure quality and not integrated Lack of public space for creativity

Environmental pollution Circulation and transportation convenience Pedestrian comfort

Poor building conditions Poor environmental quality Lack of open space and green open space

Keywords for the formulation of Malioboro Area Development Vision :

Culture Sustainable

Integrated Human-scaled Environmentallyfriendly

Livable

MALIOBORO AREA VISION

“

Realizing Malioboro Area as a culture-based service center, humanist, environmentally friendly and sustainable

“

Building and Environmental Planning Guidelines for Malioboro Area, Yogyakarta

1

Street Segments

Welcoming, Social, and Cultural Corridor

Preservation Corridor

Design Guideline East

West

Design Guideline East

Visual Observation: Type 1

Visual Observation

Visual Observation: Type 2

West

2

Street Vendors Design Guideline

Design Guideline

Visual Observation

Visual Observation

Souvenir-selling Vendors

Food Vendors

Design Guideline

Visual Observation Time-sharing Vendors

OBJECTIVE 3 To extract the lessons that can be learned from Malioboro Street’s revitalization project from the urban design perspective o When street revitalization is focused on accommodating motorized vehicles, it will attract more motorized vehicles.

When street revitalization is focused on improving pedestrianism, it will attract more people.

o Plan streets to help the community and informal sector to thrive. o As Jane Jacobs mentioned, each city or area have their own unique strengths and weaknesses, hence, to plan for these cities, stakeholders must understand how the city and space work and try to improve them through countless trial and error.

CONCLUSION

1. A project is something progressive. One planning and design guideline might not be enough to solve all existing and arising problems which will require modifications along the way.

2. Jan Gehl’s (2010) theory, “more road will lead to more traffic.”

3. Plan for both the formal and informal sector.

THANK YOU Presented by: Arifatul Hasanah (A18BE0179)

REFERENCES 1.

Fauziah, S. M. N. (2018). Dari Jalan Kerajaan Menjadi Jalan Pertokoan Kolonial: Malioboro 1756-1941. Lembaran Sejarah, 14(2), 171-193.

2.

Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. Washington, DC: Island Press.

3.

Gehl, J., & Gemzøe, L. (2000). New City Spaces: Danish Architectural Press.

4.

Indonesia Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik). (2021). Perkembangan Jumlah Kendaraan Bermotor Menurut Jenis (Unit), 2015-2019. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/17/57/2/perkembangan-jumlahkendaraan-bermotor-menurut-jenis.html

5.

Jacobs, A. (1993). Great Streets. Cambridge: MIT Press.

6.

Jacobs, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House Inc.

7.

Miao, P. (2001). Introduction. In P. Miao (Ed.), Public Places in Asia Pacific Cities: Current Issues and Strategies: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

8.

Sholihah, A. B. (2016). The Quality of Traditional Streets in Indonesia. (Doctor of Philosophy). University of Nottingham,

9.

Wibisono, B. H. (2001). Transformation of Jalan Malioboro, Yogyakarta: the morphology and dynamics of a Javanese street. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36913