SREETS AS PUBLIC SPACES: LESSONS LEARNED FROM MALIOBORO STREET, YOGYAKARTA CITY
Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti TeknologiMalaysia
SBEW4282-PSM2Viva
ArifatulHasanah(A18BE0179) Supervisedby:TPrChauLoonWai
CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION Problem Background 01 Problem Statement, Research Questions, Aim, and Objectives 02 Literature Review: Understanding Streets and Streets Revitalization in The Urban Design Perspective 03 Research Methodology 04 Case Study Area 05 Research Outcome, Findings, and Discussion 06 Conclusion 07
PROBLEM BACKGROUND
o One of the trend of urbanization in Indonesia lies in the use of streets and the streets itself. Development of streets have been prioritized to accommodate the large number of vehicle use and results to a variety of problems, such as congestion, accidents, productivity reduction, noise pollution, air pollution, healthproblems,andmanyothers (Ruslan, et.al., 2020).
o Traditional streets in Indonesia that historically functioned as multi-functional shared spaces are now merely channels of vehicle movement and are currently in vulnerability and begin to lose its quality due to poor management (Arif Budi Sholihah, 2016).
o Malioboro Street, Yogyakarta city’s most significant street, also experiences the problems mentioned. However, ever since completing its revitalization, Malioboro Street turns to favour people-centred activities over vehicles.
120,000,000
100,000,000
Growth of VehicleOwnership in Indonesia by Type
80,000,000
60,000,000
40,000,000
20,000,000
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Year
Private Car 12,304,221 13,142,958 13,968,202 14,830,698 15,592,419 Bus 196,309 204,512 213,359 222,872 231,569
Truck 4,145,857 4,326,731 4,540,902 4,797,254 5,021,888
Motorcycle 88,656,931 94,531,510 100,200,245 106,657,952 112,771,136
Malioboro Street,1970
Malioboro Street,2013 Malioboro Street,2021
PROBLEM STATEMENT, RESEARCH QUESTIONS, AIM, AND OBJECTIVES
ProblemStatement
Limited research on analyzing the revitalization process of Malioboro Street in the aspect of urban design and planning
Few good and proper documentations of the significant transformation of Malioboro Street
ResearchQuestions
How did Malioboro Street transform from a vehicle-dominated street into a peoplecentred street?
What are the key success factors of Malioboro Street as a street for public space?
What are the barriers, shortcomings, and challenges that Malioboro Street faced during its transformation or revitalisation process?
TostudyandassessthetransformationofMalioboroStreetfromoncevehicledominatedanduninvitingtoasocial,economic,andrecreationalcentreofthecity.
Objectives
Toanalyse thetransformation of MalioboroStreetinto a streetas public space
Toexplorethestrategiesand challengesamidst the improvementof Malioboro Street
Toextractthe lessonsthat can belearnedfrom Malioboro Street’srevitalizationproject fromthe urban design perspective
1 2
“ “
3
LITERATURE
of Streets 2 Characteristicsand PrinciplesofStreets Importanceofstreet revitalization 3 4 ASPECTSOF STREETSAS PUBLICSPACES 22 Fourcategories: o Land Use o Designof city at eyelevel o Designof pedestrianpathways o Street,parking, and connectivity
Checklist
REVIEW UNDERSTANDING STREETS AND STREET REVITALIZATION IN THE URBAN DESIGN PERSPECTIVE DefinitionandConceptof Streets 1 o Some literatures analyzed include, “The Death and Life of Great American Cities” by Jane Jacobs, “Great Streets” by Alan Jacobs,“Liveable Streets” by Appleyard, “City at Eye Level” by Hans Karssenberg et.al., “Cities for People” and “Life Between Buildings”by Jan Gehl. Use
Inventory
for Streetas Public Spaces Assessment
Preliminary
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH
Study Literature Review DataGathering Primary Data SecondaryData Literature Review - Articles - Journals - Books GovernmentDocument - RencanaTata Bangunandan Lingkungan(RTBL) KawasanMalioboro Images - SocialMedia - Onlinenews - Articles DataAnalysis DataAssessment Identify the problem background, impacts of urbanization on streets and the vulnerability of traditional streets in Indonesia 1. Study on importance of streets in shaping cities’ identity 2. Theory on how should streets function as 3. Study on street revitalization and its importance Assessment of Malioboro as street as public space from principles identified in literature review LessonsLearned Conclude the findings and gaps of the research: - What can be learned from Malioboro Street? - What are the drawbacks/issues that needs to be avoided? - How can Malioboro Street set anexample to other significant streets in Indonesia? VisualObservation - Walk-by Observations - Inventory Checklist Visual Content Analysis Content Analysis Document Analysis
CASE
GedongtengenDistrict,Yogyakarta City, Special Region of Yogyakarta 373,589 people Yogyakarta City remains as the only Indonesian royal city ruled by monarchy and is known as “The remarkable city with a million histories and uniqueness,” the center of Indonesian education, and a famous tourist destination both domestically and internationally.
STUDY AREA
1. Kotagede 2. Keraton 3. Malioboro 6culturalconservationareas inYogyakartaCity (The Governor's Decree No. 186/2011) 4. Pakualaman 5. Kotabaru 6. Imagiri.
RESEARCH OUTCOME, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSION
OBJECTIVE1
To analysethe transformation of Malioboro Streetinto a streetas public space
Aspects of streetsas public spaces fulfilled Based on the analysis and assessment,it can be concluded that Malioboro Streetdoes currently functionasa streetfor publicspace.
16/22
Cycling RelaxingandSight-seeing
hang-out
destinations Scooter-riding NightMarket,Strolling,Taking
Busking Becak-Riding Street
Becak-Riding
StrollingandPicturetaking Becak-riding Streetvendors
Converseand
Mostpeoplewalktotheirdesignated
Pictures
Vendors
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
To explorethe strategiesand challengesamidst the improvementof Malioboro Street OBJECTIVE2
values of the philosophical axis
The decline of the noble
decrease
the visual quality
sectors
A
in
ofthe area, both in the formal and informal
quality
Poor infrastructure
and not integrated
space for creativity
Lack of public
Environmental pollution
Circulation and transportation convenience
comfort
Pedestrian
Poor building conditions
Poor environmental quality
Lack of open space and green open space Corridor Arrangement CirculationSystem andTransportation Settlement Culture Sustainable Integrated Human-scaled Environmentallyfriendly Livable Keywordsfortheformulationof MalioboroAreaDevelopmentVision: MALIOBOROAREAVISION RealizingMalioboroAreaasaculture-basedservicecenter,humanist, environmentallyfriendlyandsustainable “ “ BuildingandEnvironmental PlanningGuidelinesfor MalioboroArea,Yogyakarta
StreetSegments
1 Welcoming, Social, and Cultural Corridor Design Guideline East West Visual Observation: Type 1
Visual Observation: Type 2 Preservation Corridor Design Guideline East West Visual Observation
StreetVendors 2 Design Guideline Visual Observation FoodVendors Design Guideline Visual Observation Souvenir-selling Vendors Design Guideline Visual Observation Time-sharing Vendors
To extractthe lessonsthat can be learnedfrom Malioboro Street’s revitalizationproject from the urban design perspective OBJECTIVE3
o When street revitalization is focused on accommodating motorized vehicles, it will attract more motorized vehicles. When streetrevitalization is focusedonimprovingpedestrianism,itwillattractmorepeople.
o Plan streetsto helpthecommunityandinformalsectortothrive.
o As Jane Jacobs mentioned, each city or area have their own unique strengths and weaknesses, hence, to plan for these cities, stakeholders must understand how the city and space work and try to improve them through countless trial anderror.
CONCLUSION
1. A project is somethingprogressive.One planning and design guideline might not be enough to solve all existing and arising problemswhich will requiremodifications along the way.
2. Jan Gehl’s(2010) theory,“moreroad will lead to moretraffic.”
3. Plan for both the formal and informal sector.
THANK YOU
Presentedby:ArifatulHasanah(A18BE0179)
REFERENCES
1. Fauziah, S. M. N. (2018). Dari Jalan Kerajaan MenjadiJalan Pertokoan Kolonial: Malioboro 1756-1941. LembaranSejarah, 14(2),171-193.
2. Gehl, J. (2010). Citiesfor people.Washington, DC:Island Press.
3. Gehl, J., & Gemzøe,L. (2000). New City Spaces: Danish ArchitecturalPress.
4. Indonesia Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik). (2021). PerkembanganJumlah Kendaraan Bermotor Menurut Jenis(Unit), 2015-2019. Retrievedfrom https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/17/57/2/perkembangan-jumlahkendaraan-bermotor-menurut-jenis.html
5. Jacobs,A. (1993). Great Streets.Cambridge:MIT Press.
6. Jacobs,J. (1961). The Deathand Life of GreatAmericanCities.New York: Random HouseInc.
7. Miao, P. (2001). Introduction. In P. Miao (Ed.), Public Placesin Asia Pacific Cities:CurrentIssuesand Strategies:Kluwer AcademicPublishers.
8. Sholihah, A. B. (2016). The Quality of Traditional Streetsin Indonesia. (Doctor of Philosophy). Universityof Nottingham,
9. Wibisono, B. H. (2001). Transformation of Jalan Malioboro, Yogyakarta: the morphologyand dynamicsof a Javanese street.Retrievedfrom http://hdl.handle.net/11343/36913