The Record Newspaper 11 January 1951

MundaringRoadBoard MembersAttemptTo BlockCatholicSchool

Despite

IftheBoard'sreasonswere well-founded,therewouldbe nocauseofcomplaint.Butsince theyrestonthemosttenuous groundsitisinterestingto seekoutthemotivesbehind theiropposition.

Thehistoryofthematteris brieflyasfollows:-theRev. T.Linnane,parishpriestof Mundaring,havingpurchased awell-built,roomyhousefor aconventandthethreeblocks of11acresbetweenitandthe churchasasiteforaschool,appliedintheusualmannerfor abuildingpermitfromtheState Housingcommission.

Thepracticeinsuchcasesis fortheCommissiontocallfora reportfromthelocalauthorities andfromtheEducationdepartmentontheapplication.

Quitebychancethetextofthe reportsubmittedbyMr.J. Moore,secretaryoftheMundaringRoadboard,hascome intoourhands.Itmakessingularlyunpleasantreading,for sofarfromconfiningitselfto factualinformation,itlaunchesoutintospeculationsand personalopinionswhichcan onlybedescribedassectarian.

ThetextofMr.Moore'sreport follows:

Secretary'sLetterIs BiasedandSectarian

Reportingontheapplication fromtheR.C.Churchforpermissiontoconstructanew schoolatlot42Mundaring.

Ifindthatthereare21childrenofthisfoldenrolledat MundaringStateschool,butit ismostunlikelythatallof thosechildrenwouldtransfer toanR.C.schoolifbuilt.

Itisunlikelythatchildren couldbedrawnfromanyofthe secondaryschoolsbecauseof lackoftransport.

Childrenoftheprimary schoolgroupareadequately cateredforbydistrictState schools,andofthepost-primary groupbyMidlandHighSchool.

Youareprobablyawarethat alargeschoolisincourseof erectionatMt.Helenaatwhich post-primaryeducationwillhe availablewhencompleted.

IunderstandthatR.C.schools willacceptpupilsatalower agethantheminimumfixedfor Stateschools,butagain,there isnocertaintythattheproposedschoolwouldenrolallthose whocouldbeenrolledbecause ofthegeneralopinionthatthe educationofferedinState schoolsisnotbetteredinsectarianschools.

ThereisnotalargeR.C.po- pulationinthedistrictandin proofofthefactthatthereis notarigidadherencetothis ChurchIcannametwofamilies whoseboysaremembersofa Boys'ClubmanagedbythelocalAnglicanRector.

Yours,etc.

Board'sDelegationOf PowerIsPlainAbuse

Welearn,ontheauthorityof Mr.H.Robinson,chairmanof theboard,thatitisquiteusual forthesecretarytomakesuch reports.AndsincetheBoard acquiescesinsuchanextraordinarydelegationofauthority, itseemsclearthatMr.Moore isthemasterandnotthepaid servantofBoardandratepayer alike.

Thatsurelyisbureaucracy runmad,asituationatutter variancewiththenormalcon-

Mr.Mooreallegesthatchildrenoftheprimaryschoolgroupareadequatelycateredforby districtstateschools.Itis scarcelycrediblethatamanin thesecretary'spositionhasnot foundoutthatCatholicshave conscientiousreasonswhythey cannotacceptStateschooleducationasadequate.Itisin defenceoftherightofparents tohavetheirchildreneducated religiouslythattheCatholic Churchinthiscountryhas maintaineditsownschool systemforthepast60yearsat

thebillfortheerectionand maintainenceoftheirown schoolsurelygoestoprove thatintheireyesthistypeof educationhasadvantageswhich theschoolsoftheStatedonot offer.

QuestionofAllegiance MisfiresRatherBadly

Mr.Moore'spartingshot aboutournumericalstrength andtheallegiancewhichCatholicgivetheirchurchislikewiseadampsquib.Inpointof facttheCatholicsintheRoad

heapedinsultuponinjury.In alettertoFatherLinnane, datedDec.20,1950,thechairman(Mr.H.Robinson)informs himthattheBoard,atitsmeet-' ingonDec.14,passedthefollowingresolution:-"thatif andwhilethereissufficient StateSchoolaccommodation available,noprivateschools shouldbebuildwhilepeople aresobadlyinneedofhousingandmaterialandlabour.arein suchshortsupply."Ifwesubstitute,aswemayfairlydo,the words"Catholicschool"for "privateschool,"itisreadily recognisedthatthescalesare heavilyweighedagainstthe Catholicratepayersofthe Mundaringdistricts.

Thetendersolicitudeforthe housingneedsofthepeoplewas notinsuchgreatevidence whentheMundaringRoad Boardbuiltanelaboratehouse foritssecretaryduringthe warwhenhealreadyhada homeinPerth.Doubtlessitwas withstreamingeyesthatthey spentconsiderablemoneyenlargingtheRoadBoardoffices, nottomentiontheamount ofmaterialthatwentintothe constructionofalargeshelter shedformachinery(withextensivecavitywallinbrick,) whichtheyrecentlybuilt. Meanwhilepermitsaregranted forbusinesspremises.

ButaCatholicschoolisofno theimportancewhateverdespite considerationthatthebulk ofthebuildingmaterialwill notdepriveanyhomebuilder ofabrick.

RoadBoard'sBlatant SupportforSecularism

Mrs.LeoLarneyandMrs.F.Stirk,jointownersofAzennis,receivethegoldPerthcupfromGovernorSirJamesMitchell.Showninthe picture,lefttoright,areMr.LeoLarney,SirJames,Mr.A.L.B.Lefroy, presidentoftheTurfclub; Mrs.LeoLarney,Mrs.F.Stirk, Mr.'A,Smith,trainer;and jockeyPeterKnuckey.

Mr.andMrs.Larneyarewell knownbenefactorsoftheMun-

daringparish.Mrs.F.Stirkisa parishionerofHighgate.

Mr.andMrs.Larneywere hoststotheRev.T.Linnanewho stayedattheMundaringhotel,

acostofover50millionpounds andatthesacrificeofdouble taxation.

JohnMoore

ofwhichMr.Larneyislicensee, pendingtherenovationofthe housewhichwaspurchasedas apresbyterywhentheMundaringparishwasopened. ceptoflocalgovernment,and onewhichtheratepayerscannotconceivablyacceptunless theyarewillingtobetrampled intothedust.

Mr.Moorethereforeacted, notasaprivatecitizen,butin hisofficialcapacityandhis actioninimpedingtheprogress ofthetownanddistricthas beenofficiallyapprovedbythe MundaringRoadboardina letterdatedDec.20,1950.

IsMr.MooreUnaware OfCatholicObjections?

LetusconsiderthesubstanceofMr.Moore'sobjections. Hestatesthatthereareonly21 CatholicchildrenintheMundaringStateschool.Itisquite clearthatnoonecouldmake aschoolpayonsuchanenrolment. Theconventschoolwould obviouslyneedtocaterforthe needsoftheRoadBoarddistrict,andinfact100children fromDarlington,GlenForrest, Stoneville,Mundaringand MundaringWeirareawaiting admission.Transportdoesnot presentaninsuperableobstacle.

WhenObjectivityDies

PrejudiceIsBegotten

UptothispointMr.Moore hasconcernedhimselfwitha factualreview,whichthough erroneous,mayhavebeenwritteningoodfaith.Inhistwo concludingparagraphs,however,Mr.Mooregoesoutofhis waytolaunchaninferential attackupontheCatholicschool systemassuchandadirectslur upontheCatholiccommunityof Mundaringinparticular.

Inhisopinion,"theeducation offeredinStateschoolsisnot betteredinsectarianschools."

Thereportsonourschoolsfrom theinspectorsoftheEducation Departmentclearlyindicatethat ourstandardsareeverybitas goodasthoseoftheState schools.Butinanycase,this aspectofthequestionobviouslylieswithinthecompetenceof theEducationDepartment ratherthanwithMr.Moore. ThattheCatholicparentsofthe hillsdistrictsarewillingtofoot

Boardareaareinthesamenumericalstrengthasthroughout theStateatlarge.

Asforpracticalchurch-going wearetheonlyreligiousdenominationwhichhascausefor complaintonthescoreoflack ofaccommodation.Mr.Moore mayverifythisfactbydriving pasttheMundaringChurchon anySundaymorningwhenhe willscarcelyfailtonoticethe overflowintheporch.Father Linnanehopesshortlytoapply forpermissiontoextendthe churchatMundaringtotwice itspresentsizeandfortheerectionofanewchurchatChidlow. IfinthefaceofthesefactsMr. Mooreregardstheattendance oftwoboysat,theyouthclub conductedbytheAnglicanrectorassignificantwearesomewhatpuzzledatthecauseofhis concern, Mr.Moore'sreportwas openlybiasedandwill,wefeel, cut'noicewiththeStateHousingcommission.

HousingConcernProves Hypocritical,Unfounded ButtheRoadBoardmembers inendorsinghisactionhave

Thepithofourargument,however,centresontheprin- ciplethatparentshaveanaturalrighttochoosethekind ofeducationtheywishtheir childrentoreceive.Thatright isinalienableandcannotjustly beabrogated.

Whatthemotionpassedby theMundaringRoadBoardon Dec.14,amountstoisaflagrantdenialandobstructionof thisrightandanattemptto coerceaminorityoftheratepayerstousethegodlessState schoolsagainsttheirconscience. Suchpettytyrannycannotand willnotbetolerated.

IftheCatholicparentsofthe hillsdistrictschosetobuild, equipandmaintainaschoolat anannualloss,thatisentirely theirownbusiness,TheRoad Boardisguiltyofdownright impertinenceinexpressingthe viewsithasputforth.

Theirattitudeinsymptoma- ticofmenwhothinkthatpre-ferentialtreatmentofsecular educationis,religiously,a neutralattitude.Itisnothing ofthekind,foritinfersthat educationwithoutreligionis tobepreferredaboveeducation integratedwithreligion.Isnot thatpreciselytheargument withwhichinternationalCommunismisannihilatingthe ChristianchurchesofEastern Europe?Itispassingstrangeto findsuchananti-Christian biasamongthemenappointed togovernthedistrictinaccordancewiththeraSepsyers' wishes.

LeavingExamResults

Ofthe131studentsinCatholicschoolsand collegeswhosatfortheLeavingcertificateexaminations93,or70.9%gainedfullpasses.Detailsof theexaminationsandtabulatedresultsoreasfollows:

Numberofstudentspresented:142.

Numbertakingfullcertificate:131.

Numberofpasses:93.

Numberoffailures:38.

Percentageofpasses:70.9%.

Numberadding:6.

Numbercompleting:5,

Ofthosecandidateswho failedanumberwhoareenteringtheuniversitymaymatriculatebysupplementaryexaminations.

Thenamesofasmallnumber ofcandidatesmaybemissing owingtoincompletereturns furnishedthediocesandirector ofeducation,theRev.J.Bourke, bytheschoolsandtollegesconcerned.

Duringtheyeartherehas beenconsiderablediscussionon theteachingofEnglishinthe Leavingstandardc1asses, FatheiBourkesaid.Ofthe49 distinctionsgiveninthissubject,13,ormorethan26%were obtainedbycandidatesfrom Catholicschools.

Inthelistspublishedbelow distinctioninasubjectisindicatedbytheletter(d)andthe subjectsaredenotedbythefollowingnumbers.

1,English;2,Greek;3,Latin; 4,French;5,German;6,Italian; 7,Spanish;8,Hebrew;9,history;10,geography,11,mathematicsA;12,appliedmathematics;13,mathematicsB;14, physics;15,chemistry;16,biology;17,botany;18,geology; 19,agriculturalscience;20, physiologyandhygiene;21,art; 22,technicaldrawing;23,commercialmethodsandbookkeeping;24,industrialhistoryand economics;25,music;and26, artofspeech.

AHERN,P.J.,1;3(d),6,9, 11,13,14.

ANDERSON,K.F.,1,11,20, 21,25.

ARIS,J.A.,11,12,13,14, 22(d).

AYRES,G.J.,11,13.

BALHETCHET,V.J.,1,4, 10,18,20,21.

BARKER,A.W., 1(d),3 (d),11(d),12(d),13(d), 14,15.

BATES,L.H.,1,11(d),12, 13,14,15,22(d).

BETT,A.,11,12,13,14,22.

BIRCH,SHIRLEYA.,1,3, 4,11,13(d),17,25(d).

BOUCHER,L.C.,1(d),3, 4.9(d),24,.26.

BURNS,P.R.,1(d),11,12, 13.14,15. BURVILLE,PAY.,1,3(d), 11(d),12(d),13(d).14 (d),15(d).

BYRNE,D.M.,1,4(d),11, 17(d).18(d),20(d),25 (d).

CAMPBELL,F.J.,1,10,11 (d).12(d),13(d),14, 22(d).

CARR.J.F.,1.11(d).12,13 (d),14,22.

CARRIGG,M.T.,1.3,11, 13.14(d),15.

CARTON,Y.C.,1,6,25.

CASSIDY,T.J.J.,1.

CAVANAGHR.J.,1,11, 13.14,22,25.

CORRY,P.M..1.6,18.20, 24,25.

COX.M.G.,1.11(d).13,14, 17(d),20.26(d).

I'VEFOUNDIT'SFUN TOSEWWITHLADA...

centralbobbinhead. TRADE-INSACCEPTED EASYTERMSARRANGED FROM£10DEPOSIT. SoleW.A.Distributors AFULLRANGEOFSPAREPARTSAVAILABLE. klisicALINST.HOMEAPPLIANCES'RETIGERATIONRAp/0

CREEDON,S.M..4,5,11, 25.

CROSSE,W.J.,1,9,11,12, 13,14,15.

CULLITY,G.J., 1(d),3 (d),11(d),12(d),13(d), 14(d),15(d).

DALY,P.F.,11.

DEAR,G.K.,11(d),12(d), 13(d),14,15.22.

DIXON,G.,1,11,12,13,14.

DOWGLASS,R.P.,2.

DOWSETT,P.,1,10,11, 12,13(d),14,22.

DOYLE,T.F.R.,1,9,11 (d),13.

DUFF,R.K.,1,3,11(d), 12(d),13(d),14,15.

EDDY,M.M.,1(d),3,4,9, 11(d),24,25(d),26.

EDWARDS,EileenC.,1, 10,18,20,21,25.

ELLIES,A.C.,1,3(d),11 (d),12,13(d),14,15.

ELLIES,P.,17,18,20,21, 25.

EVANS,J.K.,1,10,11,18, 20.

FINUCANE,K.E.,1,3,11, 12,13,14,15.

FITZMAURICE.J.V.,9, 10,11.

FOGARTY,J.E.,1,5,9,11, 20,21.

FOLEY,D.M..2.

FOLEY,J.F.,1,11,12,13 (d),14,15.

FRANK,J.R.,3.

GELDARD,E.F.,11(d),12, 13(d),14(d),15,22.

GILDEA,K.J.,1,11,12,13, 14,22.

GOWANS,P.T.F.. 1 (d), 11.12,13,14,15,22.

GREY,G.R.,1,3,11(d),12, 13(d),14,15.

GURNEY,K.,1,3,11,12, 13,14,15.

HALVORSON,G.F.,1,3, 11,13,14.

HESSE.A.G.,2.

HOGAN,K.P.,1,10,11,12, 13,14,22.

HOLGATE,G.R.,1,4,10, 20,21,24.

HUGHES,DONALD0.,1.

HUGHES,0.M.,1,6,9,20.

HUSTON,J.A.,1,3,11(d), 12,13(d),14(d),15(d).

HUTCHISON,C.P.,1,10 (d),11,12(d),13(d).14, 22.

JOHNSON,PERCYJ.,1, 10(d),11,12,13(d),14 (d),15.

KAILIS,D.G.,1,11,13,14, 22.

KATNIC,J.J.,11(d),12 (d),13.14,15.

KELLEHER,B.J.,1,I,9, 11.12,13,14.

KNOWLES,E.P.,6,10,20, 21.

LAMOND,M.H.,1,3,11 (d),12,13,14,15.

LANE,J.J.,9,10,11,13(d), 14.

LYNCH,RAYMONDJ.,1, 11,12(d),13,14,15.

McADAM,G.M.,3. McALEER,A.J.,3. McAULIFFE,P.B.,11,25. McCOMISH.P.A.,1,10,11 (d),12(d),13(d),14,22. McFALL,B.A.,1. McFALL.P.J.,1,4,11,16. 20(d).

McGRADE,R.A.,1,3,11. 12.13,14,15. McKEOWN,N.K.,1,3,4, 11.

McMANUS,WN.,1,11. McNAMARA,F.J.,1(d),3, 4(d),5(d).9,20(d),24. McPHEE,J.,1,4(d),17 (d),18(d),20(d),25(d), 26(d).

MACHADO,'A.M.,1.4.9, 17,26., MAINE.R.,1,11(d),12 (d),13,14(d),15,22(d).

MALE,E.M.,10.20,21,25.

METTAM,K.M..20,21,25, 26.

MONCRIEFF,M.C.,1,4, 11(d).12,13(d),14,25 (d).

MOREIRA.E.F.,4,11.20 (d).

MORRIS,M.A.,1.21,25.

MUIR,R..1. NIURFITT,D..1,11,14.

MURPHY,K.J.,11(d),12, 13,14,22(d).

MURPHY.P.V..1,6,11, 20(d),24,25,26.

NASH.P.A.,1,4. NEVILL.W.I.,1(d),4.17,

HULLETT.A.V.,1,11(d),21,24.

12(d),13(d),14(d),15NICHOLLS,A.N.,1,3,11, (d),22. 15.

HURFORD-JONES,D.J..NORRISH,J.M..1,11,16, 1,9,14,24. 20(d),25.

ALIGHTHOUSE

O'BRIEN,C.P.,1,3,11,12, 13(d),14,15.

O'DONNELL,T.P.,1(d), 3(d),10,14,15.

O'HARA,J.M.,1,4,11,12, 14,15.

OLNEY,A.M.,1(d),4,6, 10,18,20(d),24,

PAVVLE,R.F.,11,13,14,15, 25.

PEACOCK,P.R.,11.

PHELAN,M.B.,1,11,12, 13,14,15.

PICKERING,W.,1(d),11 (d).12,13,14,15(d).

POWNALL,K.A.,1,10(d), 11,12,13,14,22.

PUNCH,D.J.G.,1,3,11*(d), 12,13(d),14,15..

REILLY.W.M.,10.

ROARTY,M.M.,1,4,10, 21,25.

ROONEY,P.A.,1.10,11. 17,21,24,25(d).

ROONEY,V.T.,1,9(d),10 (d),17,24,25(d).

SCAPIN,K.,10,11,14,22.

SHEPHERD,A.P.,1,3,9, 11,14,24.

SHOOTER,M.C.,1,10,12. 14(d),22.

SINGLETON,B.J..11,13.

SLATTERY,J.F..3.

SMALL,M.W.,1,3,4,9, 10.

SMITH,I.M.,11.

STARR,D.J.,1,4,9,10,18, 20(d).

STEFFANONI,J.V.,11,15.

SUTHERLAND,P.A.E.,1, 3,11(d),12,13,14,15(d).

SVIRAC,J.J.,11.

SYMONS,C.P.,2.

TAYLOR,A.M.,1.4,20,26.

TOMICH,T.V.,1.3,6,9. 11,13,14.

TOWNING,K.F.,1,11(d), 12,13,14,15,22.

TRAVIA,A.M.,1.

TUNNEY,M.C..1,11,12, 13,14,15,22(d).

WALSH,G.M.,1,4,9,10. 17,24.

WATSON,JILLIANMARGARET,1,4,17,25.

WATT,E.D.,1(d),9(d). 11,12(d),13,14(d),15.

WELLS,D.J.,1,11(d),13. 14.

WHITELY,B.H.,2.

CountryCandidates

ARCHER,A.V.,1,5,9,11, 13,21,25.

BEATON,J.,1,5,9,11,21.

CONNOLLY,N.M.,1,9 (d),10,11,17,20(d).

HUGHES,B.R.,1,11,17, 20,21,24.

IVEY,C.M.,1,6,10,18,20.

McLERNON,M.C.,1,9,11, 13,21,25.

REID,J.F.,1,12,13.

ROSE,J.S.,1,4,5,11,25 (d).

RYAN,J.J.,1(d),3(d),4 (d),11(d),13(d),14(d), 15(d).

STAPLETON,E.C.,1,4, 10,18,20.

TUCKER,B.L.,1,10,20, 24.

VIKITSRETH,P.,11,13, 14,21.

PrintedandPublishedbyKeith FrancisSpruhan,at"TheRecord" Office,450HayStreet,Perth.

KELLY&RODOREDA CHINA,GLASSandPLATED WAREIMPORTER&.

OTLEYPLACE,OffMurraySt.

Fr.P.QuinnOrdained'

RoyGalvin'sHolyYearFilmAttracts RepresentativeThrongtoHolyName Meeting;FatherLynchIsFarewelled

Tothosewhohadbeenprivilegedtoviewa privatescreeningofRoyGalvin'sfilmdepicting histravelsasamemberoftheAustralianHoly YearpilgrimageitwasnotsurprisingthattheHoly Namesociety'squarterlymeetingatwhichthis filmwasscreenedforthebenefitofmemberswas oneofthemostrepresentativeandlargelyattendedduring1950.

Themeetingwasheldinthe ChristianBrothers'college,St. Gearge'sterrace,Dec.12.More than100membersrepresenting 28brancheswerepresent.

Thebestwishesofthesociety andappreciationofthework donebytheRev.J:Lynch, diocesanspiritualdirector,were voicedatthegathering.Father Lynch,whowillbeleavingon anextendedholiday,wasthe recipientofatravellingcase presentedbythepresidentof thesociety,Mr.C.Berry.

PriortohisreturntoAustralia,FatherLynchhopesto visitAmericatostudythework oftheHolyNamesocietyin thatcountry.

Theforthcomingrallyofthe societyinSt.Mary'sCathedral wasfeaturedinthegeneralsecretary'sreport.Therallywill beheldJan.21andwillhave asguestspeakertheRev.L. Hart,0.P.,avisitingAmerican Dominicanpriest.

Mr.Galvin'sfilmwasshown immediatelyafterthebusiness ofthemeetingwasconcluded. Showninthefilmwerescenes oftheBasilicasofRomethrongedwithpilgrimstotheHoly City,Florence,Nice,Lourdes, andFatima,Paris,andLisleux.

ScenesintheBritishIsles includedinformalviewsofthe gardenpartygivenbythe King,andscenicviewsofthe EnglishandScottishcountryside.Thewhitecliffsof Doverwereshownastheboat startedonitsjourneytoBelgium.ThroughHollandand Germany(wheretheactorsin thePassionPlaywerefeatured)

downEuropethroughVenice andMilantotheAlpsofSwitzerlandwherethegloriesofthe snow-coveredpeakswereshown tofulladvantage.Thereturn journeyshowingscenesofGibraltar,theNile,andColombo endedastheshipberthedat Fremantle.

DespiteprotestationsbyMr. Galvinthatfilmingwasoften doneunderadverseweather conditionsthephotographywas ofveryhighstandardandMr. Galvin'scommentariesandcaptionsmadethetwo-and-a-half hourshowmostenjoyableand instructive.

Avoleofthankswasmoved byMr.E.Farmeronbehalfof themembersofthesociety.

istheRev.PeterQuinnofHighgateduringhisordinationtothepriesthoodbyHisEminenceCardinalFumasoni-Biondi,PrefectoftheSacredCongregationofPropagandaFide,inthechapelofthe PontificalUrbancollege"dePropagandaFide"Dec.21.

(ByAirMailfromRome)

OrdainedwithFatherQuinn weresixAustralians,oneIndian,andoneChinese.Father Quinn'smotherandauntand VincentFinnegan,formerlyof Highgate,werepresentatthe ordinationceremony.

FatherDalton,S.J.,formerly ofSt.Louis',Claremont,was assistantpriestatthenewlyor_ dained'sfirstMassthenext morning.ServersattheMass

BelmontBarbecue

PresentsUnusual

CarvingProblem

ParishionersofSt.Anne's parish,Belmont,willbefaced witharatherunusualproblem

Thursday,Jan.18whenthey gatheratthehomeofMr.and Mrs.A,Sorensen,Belgravia street,SouthBelmontfora parishbarbecue.Theproblem is:Howdoesonecarveabarbecuedsuckingpig?Thefunctionisinaidoftheparish funds.

Afarewellpartyorganisedby theCarlisleSacredHeartconfraternitywasheldrecentlyin honourofMissAliceHermanof Orrongroad,Carlisle.Miss Hermanhasbeen'activein parishaffairsforsometimeand hasgivengenerouslyofher timeincaringforthealtarand inworkingaboutthechurch. Shewastherecipientofasilver teapotpresentedonthisoccasion.Thepartywasheldprior toherdeparturetoTasmania.

S.BEECROFT BUTCHER.

181ROKEBYRD..RUBIACO. OnlyPrime,FreshKilledMeat Sold.

1Phons:AUM

weretwootherWestAustralians,PatrickCunninghamand PeterBarden. FatherQuinnsaidhisfirst MassintheClementinechapel inthecryptofSt.Peter's.This chapelisimmediatelybehindthe recentlydiscoveredtombofSt.

Peter.HissecondMasswas saidatthealtarofOurLadyof PerpetualSuccourintheChurch ofSt.Alphonsus.Theseven newlyordainedAustralians broadcasttheirgreetingsand blessingsfromVaticanRadio, Dec.22.

NowinStockatWALSH'S ALPACA COATS

IdeallysuitedfortheClergy, theseAlpacaCoatswill proveadmirableforthe summerseasonbeinglight inweight,coolandcomfortable.Insinglebreaspd stylewiththreebuttons, theyalsohavethreepatch pockets.Availableina wideselectionofsizesas follows:

SIZES:

4,5,6,and8 51/54and61 52/6

FORALLCLOTHINGNEEDS,SEE

Picturedabove

SuperiorofBridgetownConvent,Mother M.Finbarr,isBuriedinPictonCemetery

BrilliantStudent

OnNov.25atthelocalhospitalalifeofself-sacrificeand servicetohumanitywasbrought toaclosebythedeathof MotherM.Finbarr.

superiorofHarvey,whichofficesheheldforsixyears,and thenwasappointedassuperior ofBridgetownwheresheremaineduntilherdeath.

In1915,thesuperiorofthe ConventofMercy,Sunbury,visitedIrelandinsearchofhelperstoaidthecauseofCatholic educationinWesternAustralia. With18companionsMotherM. Finbarrresponded.Shortlyafter herprofessioninBunburyshe wentasapioneertothenewlyopenedconventatBridgetown. Whenin1936hercommunity amalgamatedwithVictoria Square,MotherM.Finbarrwas transferredtotheSacredHeart schoolandafteraperiodof aboutthreeyearsshewassent asSister-in-chargeofSouth Bunburyschoolandlateras

OnSundayherremainswere removedtotheConventchapel, Bunbury,andonMondaymorningaSolemnRequiemMass wascelebratedbytheRev.J. Kelleher,Bridgetown,preparatorytothefinalobsequies.The deaconandsub-deaconwere theRev.E.KennyandtheRev. T.Creede,C.S.S.R.TheRev.L. EiversactedasMasterofCeremonies,andthesingingwas renderedbytheSisters'choir.

At10.45a.m.,thefuneral cortegemovedofffromthe Conventgatesandthelastrites wereperformedbytheFather EiversinthePictoncemeteryi

CondemnedMotionPicture'TheMiracle' IsBlasphemousRidiculeofIncarnation

NEWYORK (NC.) Themotionpicture episode,"TheMiracle",hasbeencondemnedby

Headprefect,duxofthecollege.captainoftheAquinas FirstXI,GarrettJ.Cullity gainedthegainedthepossible intherecentLeavingexaminationswithsevendistinctions.

GarryisthesonofMr.and theArchdioceseofNewYorkas"anopeninsultway,Nedlands. tothefaithofmillionsofpeopleinthiscityand hundredsofmillionsthroughouttheworld."

Theprotestagainstthefilm, whichisincludedinathreepartFrenchandItalianomnibus picturetitled"TheWaysof Love,"wasissuedbyMsgr. WalterP.Kellenberg,Chancellorof.theArchdiocese,who pointedoutthattheNational LegionofDecencyhadalready condemnedtheentireomnibus picture."TheMiracle"which depictsamentallyunbalanced peasantwomanwhobelieves shehasconceivedmiraculously, wasproducedbyRobertoRossellini.

Thecontroversialpicturewas bannedbrieflyherebyEdward T.McCaffrey,LicenceCommissioner,buttheinterdictionwas liftedbecauseofcourtaction pendingadjudicationofthe

casebroughtbythedistributor ofthefilm.

"Becauseofthecontroversy concerning'TheMiracle'inthe publicpress,"MonsignorKellenbergsaid,"wefeelitisdesirabletoclarifyfurthertheattitudeoftheArchdioceseof NewYork.'TheMiracle'was firstseenbyarepresentativeof theLegionofDecencyinVenice in1948andavigorousprotest wasmadeagainstitsfurther distribution.

"Itwasfoundtobeindecent incontentanditsentiretheme athinlyveiledandblasphemous ridiculeofthebirthoftheSon ofGod.Whenthepicture openedinNewYorkrecently theLegioncondemneditas'a sacrilegiousandblasphemous mockeryofChristianreligious faith'."

114404040.041.4041040.60010060010666809

BacktoSchool

Hisbrother.Tom,alsogained thepossibleinthe1941Leaving examinations.HeisnowadoctorinMelbourne.

HolyYearRuling

OnIndulgencesfor TheLivingLifted

VATICANCITY,-Dec.28 (Radio,NC.)-Thesuspension placedonpracticallyallordinaryindulgencesfortheliving duringtheHolyYearhasnow beenliftedwiththeendofthe Jubileeyearhere.

Thiswasmadeknowninan explanationhereoftheApostolicConstitution"PerAnnum Sacrum.-whichextendedshe HolyYearprivilegestotherest oftheworldoutsideRome throughout1951.TheConstitutionwasissuedbyHisHoliness PopePiusXIIonChristmas day. Allindulgenceshavenow beenreturnedtotheirformer statusandareapplicableas prescribedeithertothedeador tothelivingwhogainthem,it wasstated.

Thesuspensiononindulgencesforthelivingwithbutfew exceptions,wentintoeffectat thebeginingoftheHolyYear andwasintendedtofocusattentionontheJubileeindulgencewhichcouldordinarilybe gainedonlyintheEternalCity.

VATICANCITY.-ArchbishopGiuseppeMigone,who diedhere.Jan.1,isrememberedbymanythousandsof HolyYearpilgrims. AsConfidentialAlmonerfor HisHolinessPopePiusXII,it wasArchbishopMigonewhose signatureappearedonparchmentcertificatesofpapalblessingsthatpilgrimsobtainedfor themseRfesandtheirfamilies. Theseparchmentsbearthe papalseal.

PERTH,THURSDAY,JANUARY4,1951

CelebrationofFederationJubileeIs TemperedfortheWestbyUnhappyPast

ThefederationoftheAustralianStateswhichwas formallyeffectedhalfacenturyagowas,inviewofthe country'sisolationandotherfactors,probablyinevitable. Thebriefescapeof,timeinthosefiftyyearshaswitnessed changesofthemostrevolutionaryorder.Australiawas baptizedtonationhoodinthefirstWorldWarandwas confirmedinthesecondcosmicconflict.Populationhas growndenseabouttheseaboarddespitethesilentand disastrouseffectsofdepopulation.Industryhasdeveloped apace,butthechiefsourceofnationalwealthinbothmen andgoodsisstilltobefoundinthepastoralandagriculturalareaswhichhavesoextendedtheirhorizons.Itis notapeculiarlynationalcharacteristicthatourspiritual, moralandculturaldevelopinenthasnotkeeppacewiththe giantstridesoftechnology,butitisthatverylackwhich mayspellthefailureandfrustrationofallthosematerial thingsinwhichourpeopleseemchieflytoreposetheir trust.

Federationhasnotworkedouttothesatisfactionof allthecontractingparties,norindeedaccordingtothe ideals.afthemenwhoframedtheAustralianConstitution. Therewereinsufficientsafeguardstopreventthepractices ofthecapitalisteconomyfromdominatingthepolitical outlookofthewealthier,morepopulousStates.Indeed,no legalisticformulacouldhavebeendevisedtoregulatesomethingwhichisprimarilyamoraldisorder.Inpractical effectthesmollerStatesbecamethepoorrelationsofthe Federal'groupingandweretreatedaspoorrelationsalways are.IfFederationwasinthebeginningamarriageoftrue minds,itprovedintimetobealsoacontractforbetteror worse,andthesmaller'Statesexperiencedanincreasing strainontheirfidelitytotheidealofindissolubility.This tensionwas'enormouslyincreasedintheaftermathofthe recentwar,particularlyastheStateswerereducedin statustofinancial.fiefsofacentralisedpowerwhosemaw wasneversated.

Itispointlesstodenythattheoverwhelmingvotefor secessioninthisStatewasareal,activediscontentwith thetendencytowardscentralisedpower.AndthedevelopmentsofthePasttwentyyearshivedonenothingtoallay pastfears.NosanepersonwantstostripfromtheFederal governmentthosepowerswhichareessentialforthecommongood.especiallyinatimesuchasthiswhenourvery survivalinthreatenedbyanimplacableenemy.Butifits powermustinsomerespectsbestrengthened,thereshould beconcurrentlyadiminutionofauthorityinthoseaffairs whichcanbeeffectivelyhandledbytheStates.IfwerejoiceatthecompletionofhalfacenturyofFederation,our joyissomewhattemperedbythebitterlessonswehave cometolearnbydefaultoftheFederalpower.Ourhopes forthenextfiftyyearscentreaboutarationalreadjustmentofrightsandasaneattempttobalancethe powersoftheCommonwealthandtheStates.

CatholicFilmCentreMootedforPerth: VisitingSydneyPriestSeesWorld-Wide ScopeforNewApostolateoftheCinema

AnAustralia-wideCatholicfilmsocietyaffiliatedwithinternationalCatholicfilmbodiesis theaimoftheRev.PatrickMcCabe,*C.M.,who hasbeenvisitingPerthduringthepostfortnight. FatherMcCabeisconnectedtionforthepastthreeyears. withtheSydneyCatholicFilmLaymenwithspecialknowledge centrewhichhasbeeninopera-offilmproblemsandtechnique headthesixcommitteeswhich areworkinginthisparticular fieldoftheapostolate.

Thesecommitteeshaveas theiraimsthedevelopmentof acriticalappreciationoffilms amongCatholics,thebuilding upofaCatholicfilmlibrary, futureproductionoflocalCatholicfilms,a"filmforum"where lecturesonfilmproduction problemsandotheraspectsof thecinemamaybediscussed, andtheformationofaCatholic Filmsocietyforthescreeningof localandimportedCatholic films.

Asyet,FatherMcCabesaid, theworkofthecentreisinits infancybuthehopesthat brancheswillbeopenedsoon ineverystate.

Regardingtheprospectsof openingabranchinPerthhe said:"Alreadytherehasbeen considerablediscussionabout suchaprojectinPerthandI feelsurethata'localbranch willbeformedinthenearfu= lure."

EugeneGoosensWillConductNewStale SymphonyOrchestrainJubileeConcert

TheAustralianBroadcastingCommission recentlyreleaseddetailsoftheofficialJubilee Stateconcertwhichisbeingorganisedbythe A.B.C.onbehalfoftheStateGovernment,tobe heldintheCapitoltheatreonTuesday,Feb.6.

Conductingthenewly-formed WestAustralianSymphony orchestra,whichisbeingaugmentedfortheoccasion,willbe notedinternationalfigureEugeneGoossens,whoarrivesfrom Sydneyforrehearsalson,Feb.1. Soloistattheconcertwillbe RaymondLambert,whohas beeninAustraliasincearriving fromBelgiumin1930,andis nowrankedoneofAustralia's top-flightpianists.Alsotobe heardinassociatibnwiththe

orchestrawillbetheA.B.C. PerthSingers. Aspecialfeatureofthe concertwillbea3-minuteJubileeFanfare,composedbyMr. Goossenstomarktheopening oftheJubileeOrchestralconcertsineachState. WhileinW.A.,Mr.Goossens willconducttheOrchestraata concertattheSomervilleAuditorium.onSaturday,February 10,whenthesoloistwillbe FlorenceTaylor,contralto.

Dr.W.SomervilleSeesDreamComeTrue

WhenSlateSymphonyOpens1951Season

InNewOpen-Air'SomervilleAuditorium'

LastSundayNightsawthe fulfilmentofadream,adream thatcalledfortheallianceof natureandartifice,andtheman whohadthatdreamwasthere toseeitcometrue.Thedream wasanopen-airtheatrededicatedtothearts,an,open-air theatreflankedbyacloisterof evenlyspacedNorfolkpines, andcarpetedbyathickfeltof sward.Thecompletionofthe finestageintheshortspaceof threeweekswasanengineering featthatwaswellworthyof admiration,but,overshadowing itwasthepresenceofDr.Sommervilleinthetheatrewhich naturehasslowlybutsurely erectedtohisspecificationsover aperiodofsome20years.

Itwasahappyaugury, thoughitnodoubtcausedfurrowsofanxietyinthebrowsof thebroadcastingpeople,that, astheconcertbegan,apealof laughterfromakookaburra rangthroughtheauditorium.

ThemainworkontheprogrammewastheConcertoinD Major,Opus77,byBrahms,in whichthesoloistwastheHungarianviolinist,RobertPikler Hisrenditionwasquitesatisfactory-lackingalittleinwarmth, andmarredinthefirstmovementbytheorchestra'spitch beingashadehigherthanthe oboe,fromwhichthesoloist apparentlytuned.Thisisadefectinourorchestratowhich Ihavefeltlikereferring before,anditwasparticularly noticeablewhenthelovelysolo passageforoboeoccurredatthe beginningoftheOvertureRossini's"AnItalianinAlgiers."Infact,itwasnottill theslowmovementoftheConcertothatthefaintuneasiness causedbythedivergenceof pitchceasedtointerferewith theenjoymentoftheperformence.

Thisbeautifulmovementwas thehighlightoftheConcerto flowingsmoothlyalonginamellifluousstream.Itreallywas theonlysectionthatdidnot drawattentiontotheinadequacyoftheorchestratohandle aworkofthissize.

Thefinalmovementwasnot asexcitingasitcouldhave beenmainlyduetothelackof certaintyofandprecisioninthe PavingContractor. ExpertinBitumenandGravel Construction.

251HamersleyRoad,Subiaco. 'PHONE:W3051. PERTHFISHERIES

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NurseWillLecture GuildonHolyYear

NewSeriesofTalksonCatholicFaith WillBegininLibraryJan.15:Sisters OfMercyWillEntertainNon-Catholics

stringentriesandtothemuffled qualityofthebrasssection.A wordofpraiseisdue,inthis criticalsettingtothewoodwind, whoseworkthroughoutwasexcellent.

TheopeningOverture"An ItalianinAlgiers"hasalready receivedmention.Apartfrom thetechnicalfaultreferredtoit wasbrilliantlyplayedandthe orchestraandconductordeservedtheovationtheyreceived.

Thesecondhalfoftheprogrammewasmadeupofshort andwellknownpiecesapparentlychosentosatisfythe ratherheterogeneoustastesofa verymixedaudience.Theonlyfaulttofindwithit,bearing thisinmind,wasthatthemenu wasrathertoolong.

ThesevendancesfromMassenet's"LeCid"weregivena vigorousandcolourfulrendition,theonlydefectbeingin thefirstone,"Castillane",in whichtheconductorhaddifficultyinswa/ingtothetricky Spanishrhythm.

Glazounov's"concertWaltz, opus47,"givesnoscopefor reallyartisticplaying,butI havefeltthat"ShepherdFennell'sDance"byBalfourGardinerwasunnecessarilydull.

Asparklingandprovocative renderingofthe"Danceofthe YoungMaidens"bythecontemporyArmeniancomposer, Khatchaturian,waswarmlyapplauded,andtheeveningconcludedwithStrauss's"Tales fromtheViennaWoods."

Theconcertwasunderthe jointauspicesoftheAustralian Broadcastingcommissionand theAdultEducationboard.and bothbodiesmusthavebeen pleasedwiththeattendance.

Themonthlygeneralmeeting oftheCatholicNursesguildof W.A.willbeheldintheFlorenceNightingaleclubrooms, 179St.George'sterrace,Perth onWednesdayJan.17at8p.m.

Theguestspeaker,MissStella Boxsell,shouldhavesomevery interestingexperiencestorelate,concerninghertrip,asa nurse,withtheHolyYearPilgrims;soanentertainingeveningisassured.AllCatholic nursesareinvitedtoattend.

Thefirstoftheseriesoftalkstonon-CatholicswillcommenceattheCentralCatholiclibrary, Thursday,Jan.25,at7.45p.m.Itwillbepreceded byanafternoonattheConventofMercy,Victoriasquare,Sunday,Jan.21,towhichnon-CatholicsarecordiallyinvitedaccompaniedbyaCatholicfriend.

ThefinaltalkoftheexplanatorycourseontheCatholic religionwhichhasbeengiven tonon-CatholicseachThursday nightintheCentralCatholic library,wasgivenDec.21.A newcoursewillcommence Thursday,Jan.25at7.45.

Sr.M.AnthonyDiesinPerthafterFifty Years'ServiceinConventsoftheS.West

Afternearly50years'serviceintheconvents oftheSouth-West,SisterM.AnthonydiedDec.26 intheSt.JohnofGodhospital,Subiaco.

BorninKerry.Ireland,in 1878thedeceasedcametoAustraliaattheageof17andafew yearslaterenteredtheConvent ofMercy,Bunbury,whereshe wasprofessedin1903.

OneofthepioneerSistersin SouthBunburyshelatertaught formanyyearsinSt.Joseph's, Bunbury,andinBridgetown. Shewaseverywhereregarded asanoutstandingeducationalist.

Later,shewasappointedin chargeoftheDonnybrookconventwhereshetaughtmusic, preparedthechildrenforthe sacraments,andtookaprominentpartintheorganisingofthe religiousholidayschools.

Appointedsuperiorofthe Bunburyconventin1928she wasresponsibleformanyimprovementsandrenovationsto theconventandforthebuildingoftheSt.Josephschool.

Althoughinindifferenthealth forthelastfewyearsshecontinuedteachingmusicandsinginguntilthecloseoftheschool year.

Shediedutteringherfavourite,aspiration-theholyname ofJesus.

SolemnRequiemMasswascelebratedinthechapelofSt. Joseph'sorphanageDec.28,His GracetheArchbishoppresiding. TheRev.P.McCuddenwasceMILLINERY.

ForExpertRenovationsam:ModellingtoOrder,Consult

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lebrant,theRev.J.Hogan, deacon,andtheRev.M.Ryan, subdeacon.

Morethan30priests,many nunsofvariousreligiousorders, anumberofrelatives,friends andpastpupilsofthedeceased werepresent. Thechildrenoftheorphanage sangthemusicfortheMassand afterwardsformedaguardof honourasthecortegemoved offtoKarrakatta.TheRev.J. O'Gradyrecitedthelastprayers atthegraveside.

SisterM.Anthonyissurvived byasister,Mrs.H.Kelliher;a brother,Mr.M.Foley;nieces, Mrs.J.Callaghan,Mrs.J.Hammond,andMrs.P.Archer;and fournephews,Messers.Tom, James,andJohnKelliher,and Mr.ConFoley.

Inall,threecourses,each comprising15talks,weregiven during1950bytheRev.J. Depiazziandthellev.F.E. Hope.Thepriestswereassisted intheworkbythemembersof OurLadyofVictories'convert praesidiumoftheLegionof Mary.

Theaverageattendanceat thefinalcoursewas38,ofwhom nineareunderinstructionfor receptionintotheChurch.

Fromthethreecourses,coveringninemonths,21converts havecometotheChurch.The totalattendancesduringthe sameperiodwas75whoattendedregularlyand25who werepresentspasmodically.

ThepartplayedbyLegionof Marymembersintheorganisa- tionofthesecoursesconsists inrecruitingnon-Catholicsto attend.Thosewhoshowage-nuineinterestaretakento MasswhereLegionariesexplaintherudimentaryelements oftheHolySacrificeandthe significanceoftheliturgical furnishingsandsacredobjects.

OnSunday,Jan.21,theSistersoftheConventofMercy, VictoriaSquare,willentertain non-Catholicvisitors.Theywill beshownthechapel,givenan explanatorytalkontheReal Presence,andhavetheopportunityofattendingBenedictionoftheBlessedSacrament. Noobligationofanykindis entereduponbyattendingthe afternoonatVictoriaSquare, ortheLibrarylectures.

'ThePassingParade',byJohnA.Toomey

Mid-CenturiesThrough2,000YearsShow

ThatHeresiesCrumble,ChurchRemains

ONNEWYEAR'SDAY, January1,1951,theCatholic Churchpassedanothermilestone. Forthetwentieth timesheispassingthroughthe middleofacentury. The firstsuchexperienceforthe ChurchoccuredonNewYear,s Dayintheyear50A.D. Operatingatthattimeunder thefirstPope,Peter,theChurch wasonly20yearsold,atiny acornfromwhich,however, wasdestipedtoriseatowering oak,forshehadreceivedfrom herFoundertheremarkable promise:"BeholdIamwithyou alldayseventotheconsummationoftheworld."The Founderwasdeterminedthat Hisrevelationshouldreachall succeedinggenerationsintact. Knowingtheeasewith whichoralmessagesandwrittenrecordscanbecomethe subjectofmisinterpretation,He decidedtopreventadulteration ofHisdoctrinebyorganizinga visiblesocietyandequippingit withspecialpowersthatwould enableittodecideinfalliblyall controversiesconcerningthe meaningofHisteaching. ThepromiseunqualifiedlyguaranteedtheinerrancyanddurabilityoftheCatholicChurch downtotheendoftime.

THROUGHALLTHEMANY

centuriesensuingsincethebirth oftheChurch.thepromisehas beenkept. Everyconceivableformofhumanpowerhas triedtodestroytheCatholic Church. Nohumanpower hasbeenabletodoit. For themajorpartofthreecentu-, ries,theCatholicChurchwas lockedinalife-and-death strugglewiththemightyRomanEmpire. Inadeterminedefforttoputanendtothe ChurchtheEmpirelaunched10 far_flung,highlyorganizedpersecutions. Attheendofthe tenthbathofblood,theEmpire gaveup. Itwasthefirst greatworldstatetodiscover thattheCatholicChurch'can-

notbedestroyed. OnNew Year'sDay,350A.D..asthe Churchpassedthroughthe middleofthefourthcentury, statuesofJesus,Maryand Josephweretakingtheplaces formerlyoccupiedbyJove, JunoandApollo. Heresies soughttodestroytheChurch. Theinroadsmadeby Arianismwerealarming,but byNewYear'sDay,750A.D., Arianismhaddisapeared-the CatholicChurchhadnot, Hordesofbarbariansswarmed overEurope. TheDarkAges setin. ByNewYear'sDay, 1050A.D.,theCatholicChurch hadlefttheDarkAgesbehind her. Nothinghasbeenable todestroytheCatholicChurch. Layinvestiturecouldnot doit. ThegreatWestern Schismcouldnotdoit. Empiresandheresiesandwhole civilizationsfelltopiecesand sankintohistory'sdust-pileall aroundher. Shecl,idnot. TheProtestantrevoltcouldnot destroyher. Neithercould theEnglishDeistsortheFrench Encyclopaedists. Theemergenceofnewcultureswithnew social,political,economicconditionscouldn'tstopher progress.

ONNEWYEAR'SDAY,1951

A.D..theCatholicChurchis still'teachingtheundiluteddoctrineofJesusChrist. Not onlyisshestillintheworld. Sheistheonlythingleftfrom theancientworldthatsawher birth. Throughtwothousandyearsthepromisehasbeen kept. :FromNewYear'sDay, 1951,theCatholicChurchisaleadymovinginthedirection ofNewYear'sDay,2050A.D. Shewillthenheadfor2150 A.D.and2250A.D.andsoonto theconsummationoftime. Ringinginherearsisthepro_ mise:"BeholdIamwithyou alldayseventotheconsummationoftheworld." (America) AllTH

HowTheyFoundtheChurch

SpecialFeaturebytheRev.JohnEbel

HeFoundVitalProofinChange

NewmanSawthatInfallibilityWasNecessarySafeguard

Fromwhateverpointofthe compassoneapproachesthe Church,hefindsthereagate opentowelcomehimThereare hundredsofgateshundredsof differentpathsbywhichthe convertsoftheageshavetravelledtotruth,andmostofthem arecenturiesoldandwellused.

ButCardinalJohnHenry NewmaninenteringtheChurch cameveryneartoblazinga newpathandopeninganew door-itisapathandadoor throughwhichhundredshave come,andstillcome,tothe truthinhisfootsteps.Hefound thetruth_throughthestudyof Churchhistory,andespecially ofthatperiodofthefourthand fifthcenturieswhentheChurch wastornbytheArianheresy asitwaslatertobetornby theProtestantRevolt.

Itwasprincipallytothegreat defendersoftheChurchin thosecenturies,toSt.AthanasiusandtheAlexandrianFathers,thatNewmanowedhis conversion.Hesawthattheissuewasclearenoughinthose centuries-itwasthestruggle betweentheonetrueChurchof Christandthepowerfulheresy ofArianism,TheparallelbetweenArianismandProtestantsimwasnotlostuponhiskeen mind.

ChangeandGrowthAre LogicalSignsofLife

Butthequestionin':ismind washowtoidentifyourChurch ofthe19thcenturywiththe PrimitiveChurchoftheearly agesthatsofascinatedhim.He setoutonathoroughstudyof theproblematfirsthand.going directlytotherecordsandwritingsofthoseages.Asearlyas 1842hewasconsideringthe project,andhelauncheditin 1844,workingoftenasmuch as14hoursaday.Hehada tremendousbackground of knowledgeandscholarshipon whichtodraw.Theresultwas hisbook,theEssayonDevelopmentofChristianDoctrine,and hisconversiontotheCatholic Churchin'thefollowingyear.

Astheoaktreeisafulldevelopmentofthetinyacorn,so isthevastbodyofChristian doctrinetodaythedevelopment oftheprimitiverevelation. Nothinghasbeenadded,nothing changed-buttherehasbeen growthinthesenseofbetter understandingofdetails.Asthe full-grownadultisthesame individualasthetinybaby,so withthebodyofChristian teaching.

ThetruthsthattheProtestantReformersrejectedas RomancorruptionsoftheprimitiveCreed.Newmanfound, arereallylogical,developments oftheoriginal'depositoffaith. Hepointedouttheinconsistency ofProtestantleadersinacceptingthedevelopmentsanddefinitionsoftheCouncilsof EphesusandofChalcedonin thefifthcentury,andyetrejec_ tingthoseoftheCouncilof Trentinthe16th.

Thedevelopmentofdoctrine, hesaw,isasignoflife-inall livingsystemstherearebound tobechangesnaturaltoalivingsocial,body.Ascircumstanceschangewithmen,"old

LANDANDESTATEAGENTS

G.H.TEEDE&SON

Phone31-Private267 SMITH'SBUILDINGS.

principlesreappearundernewlishmentsoroneducation,asa forms.It(theChurch)changesImeansofmaintainingreligious withtheminordertoremaintruthinthisanarchicalworld, thesame.InahigherworlditmustbeextendedeventoScripisotherwise,butherebelowtoture,thoughScripturebediliveistochange,andtobevine.Experienceprovessurely perfectistohavechangedthattheBibledoesnotanswer often." apurposeforwhichitwas never.intended.ItmaybeecPerilsofDevelopmentcidentallythemeansofthe OffsetbyInfallibility conversionofindividuals;buta book,afterall,cannotmakea

TheprincipleofdevelopmentstandagainstthewildlivinginisfoundfirstintheScriptures-tellectofman,andinthisday theJewishbodyofdbctrineitbeginstotestify,asregards graduallyunfoldsinthepagesitsownstructureandcontents, oftheOldTestament.Andsotothepowerofthatuniversal withtheCreedandtheChurch.solvent,whichissosuccessfully "Noonedoctrine,"hesays,actinguponreligiousestablish"canbenamed,whichstartsments. completeatfirst,andgains nothingafterwardsfromthein-InfallibilitySavesFree vestigationsoffaithandattacksThoughtfromSuicide ofheresy."

Yetthedangerisevidenttoo."Supposingthenittobethe Ifthereistobealivingdeve-WilloftheCreatortointerfere lopmentofdoctrine,theremustinhumanaffairs,andtomake bealsoaliving,infallibleguideProvisionsforretaininginthe toprotectthebodyofdoctrineworldaknowledgeofHimself, fromerror.Nothing,hefound.sodefiniteanddistinctastobe "willsufficetomeetanddoProofagainsttheenergyof justicetotheseconflictingcon-humanscepticism,insucha ditionsbutasupremeauthoritycase thereisnothingto rulingandreconcilingindivi-surprise,themind,ifHeshould dualjudgmentsbyadivinethinkfit'tointroduceapower right."Nowherecanthisbeintotheworld,investedwith foundbutintheSeeofPetertheprerogative'ofinfallibility atRome. inreligiousmatters.

"If'Christianityisbothsocialanddogmatic,andintended forallages,itmust,humanly speaking,haveaninfallibleexpounder.Elseyouwillsecure unityofformatthelossof unityofdoctrine,orunityof doctrineatthelossofunityof form:youwillhavetochoose betweenacomprehensionof opinionsandaresolutioninto parties,betweenlatitudinarian andsectarianerror."

Newmanmoresuccinctlyina laterworkpaintsapictureof thePapacyinthemodern worldthatnow,100yearslater, isborneoutevenmorethanin hisday."Intheselatterdays," hebegins,"outsidetheCatholic Churchthingsaretendingto atheisminoneshapeorother... Loversoftheircountryandof, theirrace,religiousmen.externaltotheCatholicChurch, have.attemptedvariousexpedientstoarrestfiercewilful humannatureinitsonward course,andtobringitintosubjection.Thenecessityofsome formofreligionfortheinterests ofhumanityhasbeengenerally acknowledged;butwherewas theconcreterepresentativeof thingsinvisible,whichwould havetheforceandthetoughnessnecessarytobeabreakwateragainstthedeluge?

ChurchAloneHasStood

AgainstTime'sRavages

"Threecenturiesagotheestablishmentofreligion,material,legal,andsocial,wasgenerallyadoptedasthebestexpedientforthepurpose,in thosecountrieswhichseparated fromtheCatholicChurch;and foralongtimeitwassuccessful;butnowthecrevicesof thoseestablishmentsareadmittingtheenemy.Thirtyyears ago,educationwasreliedupon: 10yearsagotherewasahope thatwarswouldceaseforever, undertheinfluenceofcommercialenterpriseandthereignof theusefulandfinearts;but willanyoneventuretosaythat thereisanythinganywhereon thisearth,whichwillafforda fulcrumforus,wherebytokeep theearthfrommovingonwards?

"Thejudgmentthatexperiencepasses,whetheronestab-

PATRICIAMURRAY

HAIRDRESSING

SALON

209MURRAYSTREET (Opp.ForrestPlace)

PHONE:BA5701

"Suchaprovisionwouldbe adirect,immediate,active,and promptmeansofwithstanding thedifficulty;itwouldbean instrumentsuitedtotheneed; and,whenIfindthatthisisthe veryclaimoftheCatholic Church,notonlydoIfeelno difficultyinadmittingtheidea, butthereisafitnessinit, whichrecommendsittomy mind.AndthusIambrought tospeakoftheChurch'sinfallibility,asaprovision,adapted bythemercyoftheCreator,to preservereligionintheworld, andtorestrainthatfreedomof thought,whichof:curseinitselfisoneofthegreatestof ournaturalgifts,andtorescue itfromitsownsuicidalexcssses"(ApologiaProVitaStitt, pp.243-6).

Asheapproachedtheendof hisEssayonDevelopment,the marvellousvisionoftheChurch theCityofGod,hadbecome clearinhismind.Hisclassic proserespondedbrilliantly.

"Whenweconsiderthesuccessionofagesduringwhichthe Catholicsystemhasendured, theseverityofthetrialsithas undergone,thesuddenand wonderfullchangeswithoutand withinwhichhavebefallenit, theincessantmentalactivity andtheintellectualgiftsofits maintainers.theenthusiasm whichithaskindled,thefury ofthecontroversieswhichhave beencarriedonamongitsprofessors,theimpetuosityofthe assaultsmadeuponit,theever_ increasingresponsibilitiesto whichithadbeencommitted bythecontinuousdevelopment ofitsdogmas,itisquiteinconceivablethatitshouldnothave beenbrokenupandlost,were itacorruptionofChristianity.

"Yetitisstillliving.ifthere bealivingreligionorphilosophyintheworld:vigorous, energetic,persuasive,progressive:itgrowsandisnotovergrown;itspreadsoutyetisnot enfeebled:itisevergerminating,yeteverconsistentwith itself."

"Youmustacceptthewhole orejectthewhole,"hesaysof thebodyofCatholicdoctrinein anotherplace;"attenuationdoes butenfeebleandamputation mutilate;itistriflingtoreceive allbutsomethingthatisas integralasanyotherportion."

Newmanthrewthesearching lightofhisbrilliantintellect upontheChurch;hesawitnew andfreshasanoutsider,an Anglican,uponwhomthebeautifulvisionsuddenlyburst;and hefoundtheChurchaliving, vibrantorganism-intruththe MysticalBodyofChrist-with theSeeofPeterasit3necessary andinfallibleheaduponearth. Withtheendofhisbookcame theendofhisjourney,andhe wasreceivedintotheChurchin LittlemoreOct.9,1845.

TheCatholicAnswer

EVERYSUNDAYEVENINGFROM9.30.P.M.

ByREV.FR.P.J.TRACEY,S.J.

OnNewYear'sResolutions:HowtoMake AndKeeptheKindThatReallyMatter

NewYear'sresolutions,alongwithmother-in-laws.the bride'sfirstcake.andthead_ venturesoftheintoxicated -gent"inthesilkhat,havebecomepartofthehumorist's stockprops,Thereasonbeing, ofcourse,thatNewYear'sresolutionsaresupposedtohave thepermanencyofacream puff,theconsistencyofacigar smokering,andthesincerityof apawnbroker'ssmile.

YetitwouldbeapoorNew Year'seveonwhichonedid notpause,lookbackoverthe yearjustgone,andmakearesolutionortwofortheyear ahead.Theworldwouldn'tget alongaswellasitdoes,ifsome fewpeopledidn'tmakearesolutionortwothattheymeanto useinmakingthemselvesa littlebetterandtheworld aroundthemalittlehappier.

Henceitoccurredtomethat thisNewYear'sevebroadcast mightwellbedevoted,inpart, atleast,toabriefdiscussion withyouofresolutionsingeneralandyourresolutionsin particular.

Inaway,ofcourse,itmight havebeenawiserideatolet theactualholidayseasonpass beforewementionedthesubject.Forholidayshaveaway ofwipingmostorallserious ideasfrompeople'sminds.Indeedoneistoo,toooptimistic ifheexpectsfolktopause betweenthepartiesanddates thatelbowoneanotherfrom ChristmastoNewYear,to drawupresolutionsforthe corningyear.

Butwe'veburntourboats nowandmustgoonpiously hopingthatwhentheholidays areoverourwordsmightbear somefruit.

.SelfExamination

Thefirstaspectthatwecan touchon,isthatresolutionsare merelythecalmrecognitionof severalimportantfactsabout ourselves:

A.Thatifwehavefailedin thepast,ithasbeenduetoa clearanddefinitepersona]factor.Andthiswehavetoface ifourentirefutureisnotgoing tobewrecked.Aresolutionis basedonpersonalhonestyand acalmdeterminationnottolet ourlivesbebroughttoruinby aneglectedweakness.

B.Thatallresolutionsarean actofhope.Weareconvinced thatwecanbebetterthanwe were,andwearedetermined withGod'spromisedhelpand ourownfirmcollaboration,to bebetterandfinerandstronger.

C.Thattheworldadvances onlyifmentakeresolutions likethis.Theyresolvetoimprovethelotoftheirfellow men-throughpersonalcharity orsomeimportantinvention; theyresolvetobeamore agreablepersontolivewithbycuttingoutsomeobnoxious faultorpracticinganything frompolitenesstoheroicvirtue.

ImmediateProblems

Thenwefacetheresolutions themselves.Aresolutionhasno valueifitdoesn'tregardus righthereandnow.Most peoplemakeresolutionsthat relatetoalifethatmaycome. "Ishallbeanunselfish,charitabledoctor,"saysthekidjust

outofschool.Hisrealresolutionshouldbe,"WhenIgohomefromschoolandmother says,'Pleasegotothestore,' I'llgowithoutgrumbling." Hence,thefirstqualificationthatshouldmarkaresolution is:"IsitsomethingIcando righthereandtoday?"Ifso, itshouldbemade.

MustbeConstructive

Nextaresolutionshouldbe constructive.Insteadofsaying, "IWillnot,"itshouldsay,"I wi11."Negativeresolutions simplyleaveholesinaperson's day."Iwillnotreadtrashy literature,"saystheyoung person.Poorresolution."Iwill notbecarelessinmydealingswiththeboy(orgirl)Igoout with."Weakresolution.Insteadaresolutionshouldbepo- sitive,adeterminationtodo something."I'llreadtheworthwhilebooksthatwillstandme ingoodsteadlateron.""I'll planoureveningswhenwego outtogether,andkeepthemso busythattemptationwon'tget achance."Not:"Iwillnottalk uncharitably,"but"Iwilltalk kindly."Not:"Iwon'tmake lifemiserableforanother,"but "I'llbe.pleasantandcheerful aroundthehouse."

NottooManyofThem

Thenresolutionsshouldbe few.Alongtypewrittenpage ofresolutionsissimplyawaste oi1 effort-goodtypewriting practice,poorcharacterbuilding.Gettworesolutionsand keepthem;andlettheothers slideforabit.Weshouldrememberthatamanwhoshoots ataflockofbirds.hitsnoneof themhehastopickoutone andhitthat-hemayhitothers intheprocess. Thenthebestresolutionsare thosewhicharegoingtoaffect thelivesofothers,too,"My conversationisgoingtobe clean.""WhenIamaskedtodo something,I'lldoitpromptly." "I'mgoingtostudy,bothas personaltrainingandtogive myparentsjoy.""I'lldowell difficultjobsasameansofgettingreadyforthetoughbusiness oflife."

TemporaryDefeats

Finally,wecanremindourselvesthatabrokenresolution isnottobetossedaside.Onthe contrary,itisjustachallenge

toourcourage.Wefailed,but wearefarfromlicked.Theresolutionwasharderthanwe expectedandweturnedoutto beweakerthanwehadanticipated;butwearefarfrom through.Werefusetogiveup. Infact,weknowthistimewe willwin.

Whenyoucometothinkof it,youknow,there'sagreat dealtobesaidformakingNew

Yearresolutions-orformakingonlyone.Successorfailure Inkeepingthemcanteachus anawfullotaboutourselves. Failureinparticularcanteach ustosympathisemorereadily withothers-andifthiscoming yearweretoseegreaterall roundsympathyandunderstandingitwouldbe,asindeed Iprayitwillbeforyourall, aHappyandaHolyone.

RefusalofCatholicstoParticipate InNon-CatholicServicesSpringsfrom TrueConceptionofNatureoftheChurch

Andnowforsomequestions raisedintwolonglettersbya ladywhotakes"WATTLE"for herpen-name. "WATTLE"seemstobeavid ofreligiousexperienceandfinds ourattitudeonthispointunintelligible.Shewrites:

YourChurchhassevererules, wehavenoneinourChurch. Youdon'tallowCatholicsto enteranotherChurch.

A.:Itisquitetruethatwedo notallowthemembersofour Churchtotakepartinthe servicesofanotherChurch. Doubtlessthatdoesseemrather severetomanywell-meaning Non-Catholics,butthatisbecausetheydonotunderstand oneofthefundamentaldoctrinesoftheCatholicChurch.a doctrineofwhichIfearsome ofmyregularlistenersmustbe rathertiredsinceIseemtobe perpetuallyharpingonit.The Church,andtheCatholicChurch alone,makestheextraordinary claimtobetheonlytrueChurch inanexclusivesense.Youmay haveheardtheveryprobably apocryphalstoryofthesoldier whoonbeingaskedbythe CatholicChaplainwhetherhe belongedtothetrueChurch madethedelightfulreply:No, Father,I'maProtestant.That mythicalsoldierseemstohave hadquiteagoodgripofthe differencebetweentheCatholic andtheProtestantviewofthe onenessofthetrueChurch.If wecouldquestionhimfurther wewouldprobablyfindthat onereligionwasasgoodas anotherinhisopinion,thathe thoughttherewasgoodinevery religioussect,andthatafterall wewereallgoingtothesame placeanditdidnotmattermuch whatreligionwebelongedto providedwetriedtolivedecentlyandsoonthroughthe stringofhalf-truthsthatseems

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tomakeupthesumtotalof manyofourcountrymen'sviews onreligion.

TheCatholicontheother handhassomeverydefinite beliefsontherelativevaluesof thedifferentreligiousdenominations.Whilerecognisingthe sincerityofmanywhodiffer fromhimandadmiringtheir excellentqualitiesandgenuine goodnessofheart,heholds firmlytothetruththatthereis onlyonetrueChurch,theone foundedbytheGod-manJesus Christforthesalvationofall mankind.ThatChurchheknows tobetheCatholicChurchto whichhebelongs.UnlessIlebe verywellversedinthelaby- rinthinewaysofthehuman mindhemayfinditdifficultto understandwhyeveryonecannotseetheabsoluteimpossibi- lity'oftherebeingmorethan onetrueChurch.Heseesthat thevariousChurchesdiffer prettyfundamentallyabout

truthswhichheholdstobe supremelyimportant.Heknows thattruthisone.Thatone truthcannotcontradictanother truth.Hedrawstheveryobviousconclusionthatwhentwo sectsdifferonsomepointeither oneofthemisrightandthe otheriswrongorelsetheyare bothwrong,Hedoesnotunderstandhowbothofthem couldberight-andinfact theycannotbe.

Now,grantedtheCatholicpositionthatourChurchpossessesthewholeofthetruth taughtbyChrist,ourattitude towardstakingpartinthe servicesofanyotherChurch seemseminentlyreasonable.If ourreligionistheonlytruereligiontheneverynon-Catholic sectmustnecessarilybeatleast partiallyfalse.Totakepartin theservicesofafalsereligion, knowingittobefalse,isevidentlysomethingwhichno uprightpersoncouldtolerate. Ofcourse,ifyouhold,asI thinkyoudo,thatthereisno onereligiousbodywhichpossessesthefulnessofreligious truththenyourdesiretogo roundfromChurchtoChurch andpickoutthebitsthatappealtoyouisquiteunderstandable.Assomeoneremarked aboutthatoftheardslogan:One religionisasgoodasanother. Ofcourseitisifyoudon'tbelieveineitherofthem.You relatethecaseoffourofyour Catholicfriendswhousedto cometothedoorofyour church,standoutsideandwatch thewholeservice.

Yousay: Theycertainlywantedto comein.Iexpecttheywould Continuedonpage11

STATE SAWMILLS

HEADOFFICE:306MURRAYSTREET,PERTH. TEL.:BA2541.

PlaningMillandJoiner'sShop: MillerStreet,Victorial'ark.-'none1120%(4lines) CONSULTUSBEFOREYOUBUILDYOURHOME. USEKARRIFORROOFINGTIMBERS.

WesternAustralia: Manager:P.Engelbrecht.

Office:WarwickHouse,St.George'sTerrace, 'Phone:B6815. Perth

ThroughouttheStates. MANAGINGDIRECTOR:D.J.MOONEY.

AquinasEx-StudentsHaveExcellent RecordsAtAustralianUniversities

PeterD.Durock,LL.B.,B.A.,W.A.RhodesScholarin 1948,isdoingapost-graduatecourseatOxfordUniversity, wherehewasrecentlyelectedpresidentoftheLawSociety atLincolnCollege,Oxford. Peter,aCollegeprefectin 1942and1943,wasselectedbytheNotionalUnionof AustralianUniversityStudentstobetheleaderoftheAustraliandelegationtotheWorldStudentCongress,heldin PraguelastAugust.ItisunderstoodthattheAustralian representativesintendedtotrytomodifythepolicyofthe InternationalUnionofStudents,whichhasbeendominated theselastfewyearsbytheEasternbloc.

AllAquiniansofferPetercongratulations,andbest wishesforcontinuedsuccess.

TerenceBourke,DuxandHeadPrefectoftheCollege in1942and1943,graduatedinMedicinefromtheUniversityofSydney.DonMcKenna,adossmoteofhisof Aquinas,graduatedinMedicinefromtheUniversityof Adelaide,whileDonPascoshasrecentlyfulfilledtheconditionsrequiredforgraduationinMedicinefromtheUniversityofMelbourne.AnthonyWalshgraduatedinLaw fromtheUniversityofW.A.earlyintheyear,whileBrion Brearley,ConwayStaceyandHenryC.WilliamsongraduatedinSciencefromtheUniversityinthelastfewweeks.

BertHerbertgraduatedinArtsfromthelocalUniversity, andJohnDolinpassedhispreliminaryexam.forhisM.A. inEconomicslastyear.GeoffreySummerhayeshascompletedhiscourseinArchitecture,andplanstocontinuehis studiesinEnglandin1951.Post-graduatestudyhasearnedforDr.TomCullityMembershipoftheRoyalAustralian CollegeofPhysicians,forPaulHonrahanhisBachelorship

inEducation,whileBertAdderleyobtainedhisDiplomain EducationandqualifiedforHonoursinPhilosophy.

FrankMurphyhopestocompletehiscourseinMedicine atSydneyUniversityinthenearfuture.NealDurackwill becalledtotheBorearlyin1951,afterpassingrecently thefinalexams.conductedbytheBarristers'Boardof W.A.

Melbourne.

PeterBonting,BobForkin,RedmondPrendivilleandTom Stockareapproachingthefinalexam.stageinMedicine. WewerepleasedtohearthatPeterBontingwaselected PresidentoftheNewmanClubatNewmanCollege. BernardO'BrienhascompletedhisthirdyearMedicine andJohnFrisinohissecondyearinthesame.foculty.

Adelaide.

BrionO'Hara,.duxoftheCollegein1944,andArthur Neatehavecompletedtheirfinalexams.inMedicine,but nonewsofresultswastohandwhenwewenttopress.

TedHaywood,duxoftheCollegein1945,hascompleted hisfifthyearMedicine,whileinthesamefaculty,John SoundersandRobertWittenoomhovefinishedtheirfourth year,GeoffreyMelvinhissecondyearandBasilChristie, duxoftheCollegelastyear,hisfirstyear.

Engineering.

KevinMurphyandGeorgePrgometcommencetheirfinal yearinEngineeringattheUniversityofW.A.in1951.

KelvinRoegerhascompletedthefirstyearofhiscourseof thesameuniversitywhereTomIvankovichandJohnPannellneedonesubjecteachtocompletetheirfirstyear.

ColinRalphandDavidWilcoxhopetograduatein AgriculturalSciencein1951,havingjustcompletedthe thirdyearoftheircourse.LeonardPethickfinishedthe secondyearofhissciencecourse;GeraldLaurenceand KyranO'Donnellshouldcompletetherequirementsforfirst yearscienceinFebruary.

StephenKargotichsecuredalltheawardsforfirstyear medicalstudentsattheUniversityofW.A.in1949.The fourprizeswere:theBurroughsWellcomeprize,theRoy lePageMueckeprize,theElsieLouiseSimpsonprizeand theJohnLouisaCowcherprize.SimonT.Ellieshoscompletedthesecondyearofhiscourseindentistry. ArtsandEducation.

WilliamB.Gibson,duxoftheCollegein1939,isnearingthecompletionofhiscourseinArts.Ofthelastfour subjectshestudied,Distinctionsweregainedinthese three:Economics2A,Economics2BandHistory2.John Walshhascompletedthesecondyearofhiscoursein Arts;PeterGoodandPeterDavies-Mooreareinthesecond yeardivisionofArts.JohnE.BarretthassecureddistinctionsinthreeofhisfirstfourunitsinArts:PublicAdministration,History2andEconomics1. Lawrence EdwardsandBertDolinareinthefirstyearoftheirArts course.LaurenceSowlehopestocompletetherequirementsfortheBachelorshipinEducationin1951.LawrenceMcGrathisinthesecondyearofhiscoursein Education.

ToallthesuccessfulstudentsatthevariousAustralian Universities,weofferoursincerecongratulations,andbest wishesforcontinuedsuccess.

THOMASCULLITY,M.R.A.C.P.

Dr.TomCullitysatisfiedconditionsnecessaryforMembershipoftheRoyalAustralianCollegeofPhysiciansduring1950. HewasduxoftheCollegein1941

DONPASCOS,M.B.,B.S.

DonPascosgraduatedfromtheUniversity ofMelbourneinMedicinethisyear.He

1943and

BERTADDERLEY,B.A.,Dip.Ed. BertsatisfiedconditionsfortheDiploma inEducationfromtheUniversityofW.A. in1950.aftergraduatinginArtsin1948.

FRANCISMURPHY.

FrancisMurphypassedtheLeavingCertificateatAquinasin1942,andhopesto graduatefromSydney Universityin Medicinethisyear.

PETERD.

TERENCEBOURKE,M.B.,B.S.

TerenceBourkegraduatedinMedicinefrom theUniversityofSydneyin1949.Hewas duxandheadprefectoftheCollegein 1942and1943;inthelatteryearhe gainedaGovernmentGeneralUniversity Exhibition.

DONALDMcKENNA,M.B.,B.S.

DonMcKennagraduatedinMedicinefrom theUniversityofAdelaidein1949. He gainedaGovernmentGeneralExhibitionin 1943,when

Paul

PAULHANRAHAN,

ALBERTHERBERT,B.A.

CONWAYSTACEY,B.Sc. Conway,whcpassedtheLeavingatAquinas in1945,graduatedinSciencefromthe UniversityofWA.thisyear.

STEPHENKARGOTICH.

StephenKargotichpassedtheLeavingfrom Aquinasin1947,andlastyeargainedall fourprizesopenforcompetitiontoFirst YearMedicalstudentsat

BRIANBREARLEY,B.Sc.

NEALDURACK. BriangraduatedinSciencefromtheUni-

PopeClosesHolyDoor EnteredBy3Millions

VATICANCITY,Dec.24.-ThelastthousandsofpilgrimsaccompaniedHisHolinessPope PiusXIIthismorningastheSovereignPontiff closedtheHolyDoorwhichhadseenmorethan 3,000,000pilgrimspassoveritsthresholdina year-longpilgrimagepageant.

Continuedwetweatherfailed todampenthespiritorsolemnityoftheclosingofthisthe greatestHolyYearinhistory.

Longbefore8o'clockthis morning,St.Peter'sBasilica begantofillupforaceremony thatwastostartat10.30o'clock, Intime,themanythousands whowereunabletogainadmittanceformedahugeumbrellacoveredthronginfrontofthe greatchurch.

Specialplatformsandstands erectedintheporticooronthe verandahofSt.Peter'saccommodatedonlysome2,000personswhocouldseetheactual ceremoniesoftheclosingthe HolyDoor.Inadditiontothe Cardinals,Archbishopsand Bishopsandotherstatelyrobed prelates,therewerepresent membersofthediplomatic corpsaccreditedtotheHoly See,specialdiplomaticmissions fromfourcountries,otherdistinguishedvisitors,andtheSistineChapelchoir,whichoccupiedaspecialtribunebesidethe HolyDoor.

PopeVeneratesRelics

OfOurLord'sPassion

Allwasinreadinessforthe arrivaloftheSupremePontiff. Histhronewaserected,facing outward,atthefarsideofthe HolyDoor.Tablesboreagoldplatedtrowelandatraywith purewhitelimecementready usebythePope,asilver trowelandbricksforusebythe Cardinal,andaplaintrowel andbricksforusebytheconfessorsofSt.Peter'sBasilica. Thesetableswereonthenear sideoftheHolyDoor.

Precededbyacolourfulpapal processionandheraldedbya fanfareonsilvertrumpets,His Holinesswasborneintothe porticobeforetheHolyDoor shortlyafter10.30o'clock.When thegestatorialchairwasloweredtothefloor,hearoseand wentonfoot,withalighted candleinhislefthand,through thedoorintotheVaticanBasilica.Hewasfollowedbythe membersofthePapalcortege.

InsidetheBasilica,thePope againmountedthegestatorial chairastheprocessionreformed.Hewasbornetoaspecial platformerectedattheConfessionofSt.Peterbeforethe mainaltar.ThereHisHoliness kneltinprayerandveneration ofthemajorrelicsofOur Lord'sPassionsolemnlyexposedfromthebalconyofSt.Veronica.

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PontiffisLastPerson ToPassThroughDoor

Givinghisblessingtothe throngassembledwithinthe Basilica,thePopewascarried inprocessiontotheChapelof theBlessedSacrament,where headoredChristintheHoly Eucharist.

Fromthechapel,PopePius followedthepapalprocession onfootasitreturnedtotheentranceoftheBasilica,andhe thusbecamethelastpersonto comeouttheHolyDooronto theportico.

OnceoutsidetheBasilica, PopePiusturnedtotheright, andascendedandoccupiedhis throneatthefarsideofthe door,whiletheSistineChoir completedanantiphon.Followingthis.HisHolinessdescendedfromthethroneandap-

proachedthetablesontheop_ positeofthedoor,wherehe blessedthemortarandbricks. Then,girdedwithanapron,the SupremePontiffapproachedthe HolyDoorandkneltatthe threshold.

BricksofGold,Silver AndClaySealEntrance

HisEminenceNicolaCardinal Canali,theGrandPenitentiary oftheChurch,handedtheHoly Fatherthegold-platedtrowel. Withthetrowel,PopePius threetimesscoopedmortarfrom thetray,puttingitonthe thresholdoftheHolyDoor,at thesametimespeakingin Latin.Thefirsttime,PopePius said:"InfaithandbytheauthorityofOurLordJesusChrist, SonoftheLivingGod."The secondtime,HisHolinesssaid: "WhosaidtothePrinceofthe Apostles,thouartPeter."The third thistimehesaid:"Andupon rockIwillbuildMy Church."

ThenHisHolinessputthree gold-coveredbricksinplace, thefirstinthecentreofthe threshold,thesecondtothe

RegimentalColoursofBritain'sFamous IrishGuardsAreCeremoniously'LaidUp'

ForFirstTimeinWestminsterCathedral LONDON(NC.)-Carryingriflesandwearingtheirtraditionaltallbearskinbusbyhats, grey-coatedguardsmenmarchedslowlyupthe mainaisleofLondon'sWestminsterCathedralto themusicofaregimentalbandplaying"Auld LongSyne.'

Atthewordofcommand, they beforehaltedandpresentedarms theHighAltar,Then theirseniorofficerstepped forward,bareheaded,torequest theCathedral'sparishpriest, Msgr.CharlesCollingwood,to accept"forsafeandreverent custody"theoldcoloursofthe regiment-theFirstBattalion oftheIrishGuards.Thisisone ofBritain'smostfamousfightingunits,themembersof whicharemostlyCatholic.

MonsignorCollingwood,standingwithhisbacktothealtar, said"Igladlyreceivethese yourcoloursandassureyou thattheywillbesafelyandreverentlycaredfor."

Theflagswerethenplacedon thepileddrums,regimental drummerssoundedtheLast Postand,afterabriefsermon byMsgr.J.M.Clarke,Apostolic AdministratorandSeniorCath-

olicchaplaintotheBritish Forces,Masswascelebrated.

Theserviceconcludedwith thesingingoftheNational Anthem.FieldMarshalLord Alanbrooketookthesaluteafterwardsfromthecathedral steps.

Thiswasthefirsttimethe colourshadbeen"laidup"-as thesoldierscallit-inWestminsterCathedral.ThetraditionalrestingplaceistheProtestantchapelofnearbyWellingtonbarracks,butthiswas destroyedduringthewarand theflagswillremaininthe Cathedraluntilitisrebuilt.

Theoldcolourshadbeen consecratedbytheCatholic Bishop-in_OrdinarytotheArmy, thelateMonsignorKeatinge, whenpresentedbyKingGeorge Vin1927.Theyhadaccompa-niedtheregimenttoCairo,Palestine,Egypt.andTripoli.

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rightandthethirdtotheleft, saying:"Weplacethisfirst stonetoclosethisHolyDoor, whichwasopenedonlyforthe singleyearofjubilee."

Whenhehadfinished,Pope Piusreturnedtothethrone andwashedhishands.Atthis point,CardinalCanalileftthe sideoftheSupremePontiff,and kneelingattheHolyDoor, placedthreewhitebricksin placeonthethreshold,usingasilvertrowel.Then followedtheconfessorsof St.Peter'sBasilica,whoplacedordinarybricksinplaceat theHolyDoor.Thedoor wassubsequentlyclosedpro- visionallywithasilk-covered framebearingalargecross, untiltherealbricking-upcould becompleted.

HugeThrongIsBlessed

ByPopefromBalcony

Thereisanappropriatesymbolismintheparticipationof theCardinalPenitentiaryofthe Churchandtheconfessorsof St.Peter'sinboththeopening andclosingoftheHolyDoor. TheHolyFather'ssupremespi- ritualjurisdictionindispens-

ingpardonisprincipallyexercisedthroughtheCardinalPenitentiary.Heinturnisthe superioroftheFathersConfessorsofSt.Peter's,whoareempoweredwithspecialfaculties touseinreconcilingsinnersin theconfessionalthroughthe SacramentofPenance.

HisHolinessthenintonedthe traditionalAmbrosianhymnof thanksgiving,TeDeum,which thechoirandmanyofthose presenttookupinjoyfulrepre- sentationoftheworld'schildrenwhoaregratefultoGodfor thesuccessoftheHolyYear.

Thehymnconcluded,theprt- cessionlefttheporticoofthe Basilica.Ashortwhilelater, PopePiusappearedonthe centralbalconyabovetheentrancetoStPeter'stobless thosewhohadbeenunableto entertheBasilica.

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111

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Unadelletantecosechemi haletteralmentecolpitosindal primogiornodelmioarrivo,e chedeponetantoafavoredei CattoliciAustralianie'statala serieta',lacompunzione,itrispetto,lapienaconsapevolezza, edosereiaggiungerel'orgoglio chepongononellelorocerimoniereligiose.

Inlorononc'e'teatralita', nonsiscorgealcuna"posa," nientechepossafardubitare dellalorostessapersonalita'e dellalorofedechepoie'anche lanostra.VannoaMessaconla massimadevozione,coscienti dellasolennita'deltempioedel_ lafunzionereligiosaallaquale assistonoconlapiu'vivaat_ tenzione:efaunveropiacere itconstatarecomesentanodi comunicarsitutteledomeniche.

Credetemicanamicifaproprio unveropiacereachi,alpartdi loro,hatantafedeincuoree sentediessereCattolico,ilconstataretantofervore.

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Nelcontempopero'siavverte comeunafittaalcuoreespontaneasorgeladomanda:"Ma tolicesimo,noichedovremmo essered'esempioatutti,noiche civantiamodidiscendereda ROMA"CaputMundi",dobbiamoconlanostraapatia,strafottenza,conitnostrostupidomenefreghismo,conlanostrascioccapresunzione,ediciamopure, conlanostratestardaggine,ed perche'noiItaliani,noiche proveniamodalcentrodelCatignoranza.daredimostrazionidi cosi'bassapersonalita',dicosi' ambiguamancanzadicarattere, dicosi'infimainterpretazionee praticadimostrazionedicio' chee'lanostrafede?Perche'? Perche'?

Midicevagiorniorsonoun vecchio Ita1oAustraliano: ''Egregioamico,noiItaliani,al paridellefogliealvento,cien_ tusiasmiamofacilmenteecon troppaleggerezzacilasciamo vinceredall'esaltazioneecon altrettantafacilita'eleggerezza tronchiamotuttelepiu'roseeed ottimisticheiniziative.Come piccolifuochidipagliacherepentinamentesispengono,cosi' noiItalianipecchiamodicostanzae,sequalcunoe'inpossessodiquestadote,leeccezionigraziealBuonDiononman cano,noiItalianiconitnostro solito,tradizionaledisfattismo cerchiamoquantovieppiu'darglilaproverbiale"Zappaai piedi"oi1piu'conosciuto"Bastone.fralemote".Enonper invidia,pergelosia,opercat_ tiveria,perche'nonsiamocattiviequistaitnocciolodeldilemmaneldiagnosticarelamentalita'deglliemigrantiItaliani inAustralia;maperunainconcepibile,incomprensibileedingiustificabileleggerezza,perun deprecabileassenteismocheinvadel'emigrante.

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zionedelleparticolarisituazioni incuivienecostrettoavivere eperconseguenzaragionaed agiscenonpercomehasempre agito,mapercomelospingead agirelasuanuovapersonalita' ementalita'. Perconseguenza,venendo menoqueiprincipiimoralitanto sentitiedattuatiinpatria,in senoallapropriafamigliaealla propriasocieta',l'animodel_ l'emigrantesiracchiudeinse stesso,s'induriscesidistoglieda quellecosecheloingentilivano elorendevanotantopuroenobile,precipitandopianpiano, giu'giu',lungolascaladeivalor'umani.

Orbenequalidunquequesti principiimoralichedovremmo gelosamentecustodirenelnostrointimoeincuidovremmo perseverare?

Queiprincipiireligiosithe sonostatiiinostroVADEMECUMsindabambiniechedovremmo,specieinterralontana, manifestareconlapienacoscienzadinoistessisenzaalcunaritrosiaeconpiu'fermezza poiche'sarebbedavigliacchie dasenzafedeagireda"sepolcri imbiancati"conlareligionedi CRISTO.

MeloFiumara

II"Veglionedifined'anno" organizzatodall'AzioneCattolicadiPerthe'riuscitosplendidamente.Preparatocongrande entusiasmoesacrificio;inostri giovanihannoancoraunavol_ tosaputomostraredichecosa sonocapaciriguardoadorganizzazionedifestedanzanti.Le 500personechegremivanola salahannodimostratoconla loropresenzaeitlorespirito l'apprezzamentodellequalita' organizzativedeinostrigiovani.

InpreparazioneallaproclamazionedelDogmadell'Assunta,migliaiadipersonesono convenutenelColosseoad ascoltarelaparoladelP.Lombardi.IldottoGesuitahaparlatoancheatuttiivescoviriunitiinunsingolareconvegno, commentandol'ultimodocument°pontificiosullariforma delClero.

11Congressonazionaledelle ACLIinauguratedaSuaEcc. DeGasperi,haaffrontatoproblemidivivaattualita'sociale, rivendicandoinnamedei evangelic'ladignita'del lavoratore.

IIMezzogiornovedefinalmenterealizzate-almenoin parte-leinfinitepromesse fattedatuttiigoverni.ACasoriadiNapolisie'inaugurato lostabilimentoRESIAsecondo ilpianodiindustrializzazione delSud,allapresenzadeiministriGronchi,TognieCampilli.

20.000rappresentantidei Comunid'Italiasonoconvenuti aRomainpellegrinaggiogiubilare.E'stateunodeipiu'solenniavvenimentidelGiubileo. TuttiipellegrinihannoascoltatolaS.Messacommentatadal

PERABBONAMENTIariviste italiane,informazionedeiprezziedognialtroparticolare,rlvolgetevia:L.M.Cullen&Co. LTD.BoxF297G.P.O.,Perth.

GIUSEPPEVERDI el'Assunta

IImondomusicaleitalianosi apprestaacommemoraredegnamenteitprimocinquantenario dellamortediGiuseppeVerdi. Aquestoproposito,einquesti giornitrionfalidelladefinizione deldogmadell'Assunta,mi sembraopportunoricordareche ilMaestroeraparticolarmente devotodell'Assunta.

Nellachiesaparrocchialedi Cortemaggiorepiacentinov'era -e,credo,v'e'ancora-una paladelpittoreFrancescoScaramuzzaraffigurantel'"AssunzionedellaVergineincielo"; dinanziaquestoquadroe'statovistopiu'volteVerdiprostratonellapreghiera.Eglisi recavaannualmenteaCortemaggioredinanziall'Assuntae rimanevaalungoinpreghiera. Poiche'permoltotemposie' parlatodiunVerdimassonee miscredente,unanimososacerdote,donFerruccioBotti,parrocodiTalignano(Parma)ha svoltounainteressanteinchie_ sta.Adunasuaricercasull'argomento,itparrocodiCortemaggiorecosi'documentava: "Si,noiabbiamoinquestachiesacollegiataunmagniflco quadrodelcelebrepittore Scaramuzza,rappresentantela AssunzignediMariaVergine. E'unquadrodigrandeispirazione,uncompendiodell'Antico Testamentoinneggiantealla MadrediDio.IInostrogrande Maestron'eraentusiastaeparevanonsisaziassemaidicon_

templarlo.Glianzianiricordano moltobenecheognianno,in autunno,ilVerdinontralasciavamaidifareunavisitaalla nostraCollegiata,dopouna breveadorazioneinginocchio nellepanchechestannofrala colonnadelpulpitoelasuccessivaversoilSantuario,sialzavaesiportavaallacappelladel SS,estandoin"cornuepistolae"ammiravaitfamosoquadro.Questiparticolarilihoavutidaparecchiepersonepresentialloraasiffattesceneedi_ ficantissime."

VerdieI'Assunta:eccounaccostamentoignotoamoltibiagrafidelMaestro,piu'inclinia soffermarsisutaluniaspettiingannatoridellapsicologiayendiana.

Verdinegliultimiannidella suavitanonmanco'maiaisuoi doverireligiosiedebbemolti sacerdotiperamici.ASant'AgataavevafattocostruireunacappellaanchenellaCasadiriposo permusicistiaMilano,opponendosiachiglifacevaosser_ varechegliospitipotevanorecarsinellapits'vicinachiesa. NellacappelladellaCasavoile esseresepolto,accantoallasua GiuseppinaStrepponi.Arrigo Boitoricordavala"bellatesta" diVerdiinclinatanellacappelladiSant'Agata.Mons.Costa quandocelebrava,giovanissimo, laMessadomenicaleinquesta cappella,rimaseammiratoe edificatoinmodetuttoparticolare,dalgestograve,largo,con cuiilMaestrosifacevaitsegno dellaCroce-"cosaquestache potra'sembraretrascurabilea unospiritosuperficiale,mache talenone'."

P.Lombardi.Adessihanno parlatoitpresidentedegliuominidott,Maltarelloeilprof. Gedda.IlSindacodiRomacon alcuniassessoriallatestadel Corteohadepostounacorona sull'AltaredellaPatria.Lunedi' 23neltardopomeriggio-at_ tesaconfilialepassione-cifu unavibranteudienzapontificia.

AncheaBerlinoinostri MissioneCattolicaItalianain Berlinohapresoacuorele tombedeinostrisoldati."Un attodimisericordiaedigiustizia"cosi'ilsettimanaletedcsco "DerStern"definiscelanostra iniziativa.

Apropositodell'introduzione delMatrimoniocivilenellaRepubblicadiS.Marinoungiornalescrive:IImatrimoniopuramenteciviledisperdeescardinal'unita'familiare:mailpcpolosanmarinesesapra'dare provadellasuasensibilita'cristianaecattolicascegliendola stradafinoraseguita,

51milionidiincassoe80 milapersone,eccoitbilancio dellasuperpartitaIuventusMilanterminataallapari.

11girodellaLombardiae' statovintodaSoldaninonostantetrepassaggialivello chiusi.Coppisie'classificato terzo.

O ABruxellesoltre100.000 personehannofesteggiatoit 25.oannodivitadellaJ.O.C. (AzioneCattolica).Icongressistieranowenutidacinquantasei nazionidiverse.Vieranotre Cardinali,33VescoviecentinaiadiSacerdoti.

SichiedononotiziedelSignor ScipioneBesta,dianni60e, presumibilmenteresidentein Sydney.

11fratellodelSig.Scipionedi Zeglio(Sondrio),pregachiunquepossadarenotizie,d'informarelasegreteriadell'Azione Cattolica,33FrancisSt.,Perth. eeeeMerWhdgedgAcgOtbegOVAWIttm

Sonmolte,ormai,letestimonianzesullareligiosita'diVerdi,sineallastrettadimaneed all'ultimosorrisoindirizzatoa Mons.AdalbertoCatena,propostodiSanFedele,amicodello Stoppani-chegia'avevacon_ fortatogliultimimomentidi AlessandroManzoni.Mons.Catenasomministro'almorente l'oliosantoall'albadel24gennaio1901;lungaful'agoniadi combatteva ancoraconlamorteequando Mons.Catenalovisito'dinuovo erecite'preghierealsuocapezzale.Verdisorrise.Ful'ultima suatestimonianzadivita.Ricaddesubitodopoassopito e nonsidesto' "Perluieper me-confesso'Mons.Catenasitratto'diunmomentoprezioso."

Un"momentoprezioso":sara' riandatoVerdiadaltrimomenti preziosidellasuavita,quando componeva1"AveMaria"dell'Otelloomusicavaleterzine dantesche:"VergineMadre,figliadeltuoFiglio-Umileed altapiu'checreatura"...;ofacevaeseguire,appenadueanni prima.le"LaudiallaVergine?" Mons.Catenaebbelacertezza cheinquelpreziosomomento VerdiebbepensieridiCielo.E forseglisara'apparsoilquadroprediletto,lapaladellaCollegiatadiCortemaggiore,l'Assunta,ch'eglidevotamenteandavaavisitaretuttiglianni. ChecosatrovavaVerdiinquellacomposizione?LoScaramuzzafuunvalentepittore,ma nondieccezione;equellapala ripeteformeaccademichedi scarsaoriginalita'.Malaschieradiangeliorantielafigura dellaVergineAssunta,amorosamentedelineatainunaLucedorata,accendevanolafantasiadi Verdi.Nell'Assuntaegliforse vedevalapiu'perfettacongiunzionedellaTerracolCielo, aveva chenelfinale'delRigoletto trovatoaccentimusicalidavverotrascendentipercantare:"Lassu'inciel...preghero'per voi...''. pgc

P.ABRAMODirettoreresponsabile degliarticoliinlinguaitaliana.

Sabato,20Gennaio1951,lafilodrammaticadell'A.C.I.diPerth dara'questocapolavoropremiatoalConcorsodell'U.M.d.C. Viattendiamotutti.Lospettacoloavra'inizioalleore8p.m. nell'HalldiSt.Mary-Leederville-TRAMNo.15

.theCatholicAnswer

productsoffermentationwere notintendedbyGodforthe

ofmanisequallyun-

medytomankind.Idon'tsee howanytemperancereformer couldobjecttothatpetition.

stillhavebeenCatholicseven iftheyhad.Stilltheythought ourservicenicerthantheirown -notsohard,sortoffreer, that'showtheyexplainedit. Stilltheywereallbigoted Catholics.

A.:Idon'tknowwhatconclusionsyouexpectmetodraw fromthatlittlestory.Itisquite possiblethatsomeformsofProtestantservicesmightappeal verymuchtocertainCatholics, expeciallytothosewhowere notparticularlywell_instructed intheliturgicalpartoftheir ownreligion.Foronethingthey maywellhavefounditeasier tofollowwhatwasgoingonin yourchurchonaccountofthe useoftheEnglishtongue, Therearecertaindifficulties whichhavetobeovercomeby thefaithfuliftheywishtotake theirfullpartintheliturgical functionsoftheCatholic Church.Thatisoneofthe reasonswhyIthinkitisamistakeforthoseofotherreligionstocometoMass.Without atleastsomepreliminaryinstructioninthemeaningofthe ceremonyasawholeandofits variouspartsIshouldthinkthe Masswouldbeutterlyunintelligibletoanoutsider.

Idon'tquiteknowwhyyou addthattheywereallbigoted Catholics.Iamsurethatyou don'tmeananythingoffensive bythatwordfromthewayin whichyouuseitinanother contextinyourletter.Onedoes notassociateaninterestinthe religiousservicesofanother denominationwiththeideaof abigotedCatholic. Youseemtohaveawideexperienceoftheservicesof Churchesotherthanyourown.

Imaydiscussyourreactionsto theCatholicfunctionswhichyou attendedlater.Onesentencein yourlettercatchesmyeye.You write:

Itisnicetojoinintheservice ofanotherChurch.Ihavebeen toallChurchesexcepttheJews. Iwouldliketoattendtheir service.Itbroadensyouroutlook.

A.:Wellperhapsitdoes, thoughIdoubtwhetheryou wouldunderstandverymuchof theJewishserviceandafterall sincethecomingofChristthe Jewishservicesare.forChristiansatleast,quiteoutofdate. Asregardsitsbeingnicetojoin intheservicesofotherChurches,well,youhavetheanswer tothatobservationinwhatI saidabouttheonenessofthe ChurchofGod.Ifyouknow thattheChurchwhoseservice youareattendingisnottheone trueChurchthenIfailtosee howtherecanbyanything "nice"aboutyourattendance. Itis,toputitmildly,misleading.

Howeveryouhaveamore importantdifficultyaboutthe CatholicChurch.Yousay: Ijustcan'tmakeoutyour religion,Yousayyoudon'tbelieveindivorce,Mypeople didn't.Ido.

A.:Well,inthatcasewould youmindexplainingtome whatyoutaketobethemeaniningofthewordsusedinyour Churchintheadministrationof thesacramentofmarriage.You, asabride,said,ifImistake not,inanswertothequestion oftheminister:Wiltthoutake thismantobethywedded husband,tolivetogetherafter God'sordinanceintheholy stateofmatrimony?Wiltthou obeyhim,andservehim,love honourandkeephiminsick nessandhealthandforsaking allother,keeptheeonlyunto him,solongasyebothshall live?Youreplied"Iwill."In thecircumstancestheredoes notseemtobeanyprovision fordivorce.

Howeveryouhaveadifficultyaboutourrejectionofdivorce.

Continuedfrompage7

li 0 a ti t] ti 0 0

Yousay, IfyourChurchdoesn'tbeeveindivorce,whydoCathicsbelieveinmarriagewith divorcedProtestant?

A.:Theydon't.IfthePro!stantwasvalidlymarriedin iefirstplacehecannotcon'actamarriageintheCath.icChurchduringthelifetime fhisfirstwife.Ifyoucould

'heChurch'sRitual lemonsiratesSane

Ihaveanoteherefrom"NOT TEETOTALLER"whoenLosesanarticlebyA.W.Anarsonentitled"TheBlessing fBeer."Thislistenerasks: Hasthe"CatholicAnswer" flycommenttomake?

A.:Franklythe"Catholic .nswer"didnotfindmuchof iterestinthearticle.Itis rrittenbyamanwhodislikes eeranddislikestheCatholic 'hurch.Thefactthatamong leblessingsintheRoman analthereisoneforbeer eemstothewritertobea eavensentopportunityforinulginghisdislikes.Letushope hathewillnotdiscoverthat herearethreeblessingsinthe litualforwine.Imayaswell xplainthatthefactthatthere sablessingforanyobjectis nindicationthattheobject anandshouldbeusedfora oodpurposeandthe,lensing giveninviewofthegood rurposeforwhichtheobject houldbeused.Itisalsotrue hatalmostanythingwhatever anbemadetoservebadpur_ roses.Takeaconcreteexample. ntheRomanRitualyouwill Indquiteanelaborateritefor dessingaprintingpressand hebuildinginwhichitisereced.IntheactualblessingGod saskedtoblessthemachines norderthatfromtheprinted natterwhichcomesoffthese tresseswemaylearnthat :nowledgealonewhichleadsto ife.

getatmetrue'actsoianycasesE whichseemstocontradictthisri. statementyouwouldfindthatit forsomereasonthefirstmar-ti riagewasnullandvoidandb, consequentlytheProtestanta: concernedwas,infact,unmar-u ried. tt

Thanksforyourinterestingd letter.Imayreturntosomed moreofthepointsyouraiseinT somefuturesession. A

1\/

BlessingforBeer

AltitudetoDrink b

a; C A b

f(

NowyouknowaswellasIg dothatagreatdealofevilisd donebytheprintedword.Ifa youweretoargueasMr.Andersondoes,yououghttosay,ts, withconsiderablevehemence,s, thattheprintingpressisanb unmitigatedevilandmustcomes, notfromGodbutfromthee devilandconsequentlythatitf, isalmostblasphemoustoinyokeablessingonaprintings press.Theargumentwouldnotii beavalidoneanymorethant, hisargumentfortherejection1 ofablessingonbeer. n

Thatincludedintheuse whichmanwasintendedto makeofthisgiftwasitsuseas ahealthgivingbeveragewould 'emtobeclearfromthepalledcaseofthefermented iceofthegrape.Essentially ereisnoargumentthatcould urgedagainsttheuseofbeer abeveragethatcouldnotbe rgedwithequalforceagainst euseofwine.YetthemoerateuseofwineisnotconemnedanywhereinScripture. hefirstmilaclethatChrist workedwasthatofchanging aterintowine.Iamafraid Mr.Andersonwouldnothave provedofthatmiracle. hristHimself,ofcourse,drank Me.Hewas,infact,accused yHisenemiesofbeingawineibber.Whenthetimecame HimtogiveusHisgreatest ift-thegiftofHimself,He idsoundertheformofbread ndwine.

MassesforDead CannotbeBought

Aletternowfrom"N.B."of LEEDERVILLE.Hereitis: Arecentissueofthe"Daily News"gaveanaccountofa bequestbyamanof£1000"for Massesforhissoul."Inviewof themisinformedopinionsof manynon-Catholics,wouldyou kindlyre-statetheChurch's teachinginrespectofsuchbequests."

Thefundamentalfallacyint thewholeargumentisthepositiontakenupbythewriters thatalcoholicdrinkisnecessa-t rilyevil.ThisinitialerrorCombilledwiththeanti-Catholicil bitterness,whichI intendto0 ignore,accountsformostofthet abusurditiesinthearticle.If thewriterwerelogicalhe wouldfinishupbydenyingthet existenceofGod.Fortunately hehasnotenoughlogictosees wherehisargumentisleading.

Hedenies,withoutperhaps beingfullyconsciousofwhat heissaying,thatbeerisagift ofGod.Godcertainlygaveto starchthepropertiesbyvirtue ofwhichitcanundergofer_ mentationandbecomealcohol.

ToimaginethatGoddidnot foreseethatman,usingtheintellectGodgavehim,would discoverthisprocessandmake useofitistheologically To that sound. maintain the

Ithink,onthewhole,wecan keitascertainthattheabluteprohibitionofalcoholic everageshasnoreligiousor ientificfoundation.Thataloholisliabletoabuseisperctlytrue.Thatthereare eopleforwhomtheonlysenibleattitudetotaketowards toxicatingdrinkisoneof talabstinenceisalsotrue. Thatfact,however,givesthem owarranttointerferewith helibertyofotherswhodo totfindtotalabstinencenecesryfortheirphysicalorspirialwell-being.Alcoholisa giftofGodandthereforegood itselfandconsequentlyafit bjectforablessingsuchasthe lessingwhichtheRoman Ritualsuggestsforbeer.Imight addperhapsthatonewhoseatitudetowardsbeerwasthat expressedintheRitual'sbles_ ingwouldnotbeindangerof misusingthatbeverage.We askintheblessingthatthe beermaybeawholesomere-

A.:Themainsourceofmisconceptioninthismatterlies inthefactthatitissometimes thoughtthatmoneycanbuythe Massorbethemeansofsecuringgreaterhappinessinthe nextlife.Such,ofcourse,isnot thecase..TheMasscannotbe boughtandmoneyhaslostall usefulnessforthedead.Aswas saidinanearliersession: "Catholicsdo,oftheirown.free choiceor,toquotetheCanon LawoftheChurch,fromtheir devotion,giveofferingstothe priest,thathemayofferthe HolySacrificeoftheMassto Godfortheirintentions.And theyarepromptedbytwovery noblemotives.Theywantto haveamoreintimatesharein givingtoGodtheinfinitepraise andhonourwhichHereceives fromtheofferingofourDivine RedeemerintheMass.Secondly,theywishtohelpinthe supportoftheChurch.They freelychoosethiswayofdoing so.TheCanonLawofthe Churchstatesverysimply:

(1)Accordingtothereceived andapprovecustomofthe Church,anypriestcelebrating andapplyingtheMassmayreceiveanalms.

(2)Anysuggestionofabusinessinthematterisforbidden.

GUARDIANASSURANCECO.,LTD.

POSTY'SWHISTLE

Deargirlandboys, AsItoldyoutheBusbies' Fundhasreachedtoalmost £100for1950.Thatshowsyou trueChristiancharityforif aidisgiventotheneedyitis somethingwhich,asOurLord hastoldus,isgiventoHim.I hopethatyoutoowillalways giveasliberallyasyoucanto anyworthycause.

Itrustyouallareenjoying yourholidaysandthatsunburntbacksandarmsandnoses arenowthingsofthepast.

Bestwishisfrom, UNCLEMAC *

BUSHIES'CORNER. s.d.

Previouslyacknowledged 9600 E.N.Stoneville 50 Cornelius,Perth 100 AnOldCornerite, TheBush 200

Total£98150

(NB.SeeingthiswasreceivedDec.29,itmustbeincluded intheyear1950.

UNCLEMAC)

DearE.N., Betterlatethannever,you know!Andasyouwillseeby thestatementtoday,we've nearlytouchedthe£100.In factwecanalmostsaywe have.

Onbehalfofthestaffofthe "Record"andmyself,Iheartily reciprocateyourgoodwishes for1951.

UNCLEMAC

DearCornelius, Iwasverypleasedtoreceiveyourlittlenoteaswellas yourdonation.Itshowsyour forgivingnature.Ishallalways bepleasedtohearfromyou. Bestwishesfor1951.

UNCLEMAC

"AnoldCornerite"

Ithinkyourlittlegesturein writingto"TheCorner"was delightful.Itshowshowmuch youmusthaveappreciatedit whenyouwereamember,a fewshortyearsago.Itwould besplendidifotheroldCorneriteswouldwriteinaswell. Bydoingsotheymighten-

couragesomeofmypresentshy niecesandnephewstowrite.

Bestwishesfor1951, UNCLEMAC

Let'shaveaPoem (FortheLasses)

MyfairestchildIhavenosong togiveyou; Nolarkcouldpipetoskiesso dullandgrey; Yet,erewepart,onelessonI canleaveyou, Foreveryday. Begood,sweetmaid,andlet whocanbeclever; Donobledeeds,notdream themalldaylong; AndsomakeLife,Deathand thatvastForever. Onegrand,sweetsong.

GreatFolkasLittleFolk.

SirIsaacNewtonWasa GreatScientistand APerfectGentleman IsaacNewtonwasbornon Christmasday1642.Notlong after,hisfatherdied,andIsaac wenttolivewithhisgrandmother,wholovedhimvery dearly.

Inhisearlyyears.Isaacwas notaveryremarkablescholar buthewasmarvellouslygood atmakingthings.Firstofall hefashionedasetoftoolsfor himselfand,withthem,madea hostofcuriousarticles.These wereworkedwithsomuch skillthattheneighboursregardedthemwithvastadmiraMMINMIMMMIr

Bowra&O'Dea

tionandhisproudgrandmother exclaimedjoyfully.

"Theladwillmakeacapitalworkmanoneday."

ShewasadvisedtosetIsaac tothetradeofclockmaking,for hehaddevelopedatastefor mathematicswhich,wouldhave beenveryusefultohiminthat occupation.However,Isaacsurprisedeverybodybymakinga waterclock,thelikeofwhich hadneverbeenknowninthe districtwherehelived.Sothe simplepeoplecameandstared atthewonderandbecameconvincedthatIsaaccoulddo anything.

Aswellasthewaterclock, hemadeasundial.Hisgrandmotherwasdelightedandsaid thatnowsheneedneverworry astowhatthetimewas,forthe waterclockwouldtellher whenitwasdull,andthesundialifthedayshouldbebright andfine.Thissundialstill standsatthecornerofthe housewhereIsaacdweltforso long,and,asyoucanwellimagine,ithasbeenvisitedby thousandsofadmirersofthis wonderfulboy.

Hisgreatesttriumph,however,cameafterhehadstudiedawatermill,thenquitea newinvention.Forhourafter hourhewatched,it,bothwhen atrestorinmotion,andwhen hecompletelyunderstoodits mechanism,hewentdomeand madeanexactmodel,with littlelinensails.Thesewould turnevenifheblewthemwith hisbreathor,betterstill,with apairofbellowsMoreover,a handfulofcornputonthelittle hopperwould'soonbecame snow-whiteflour.Theboysof thevillagewereentrancedwith themodel.Theywerealways usingitanddeclaredthatthere wasnothingsomarvellousin tthewholeworld.

Newtongrewuptobeone ofthegreatestscientistsofall time.Itwashewhodiscc.vered thenatureoflightand,equally asimportant,firstworkedout thelawofgravitation.Iam sureyouallhaveheardthe

storyofthefallingappleat! school.

Anotherstory,though,gives afarbetterpictureofNewton thenoblemanratherthan Newtonthescientist.Once, leavingthescientificnotes, whichhadtaken20yearsto compile,lyingonthetablehe wentoutsidetheroomtoget something.Hewasdelayed and,inthemeantime,hislittle dog,Diamond,jumpedupon thetable.Insodoingthedog upsetthecandleand,theflame catchingthepaper,thenotes wereutterlydestroyed.Newton, returning,sadlystoodandwitnessedthecatastrophe.Other menwouldpunishedthedog severelybutNewtononlypatteditsheadgently,andsaid.

"0,Diamond,Diamond!Thou littleknowestwhatdamage thouhastdone."

Thatwasthemannerofman SirIsaacNewtonwas.

TheWeek'sThought

Keepyourfacealwaystowardsthesunshineandthe shadowswillfallbehind you.

OurLord'sgreatestthoughts wereexpressedinthemost simpleofwords. ThethoughtforSunday,14 Jan.,iscontainedinseven simplewords.Yettheyare verypreciousfortheywereutteredbyOurLordHimself. Nearlytwothousandyearsago Hesaidtothepeopleranged aroundHim.

"IamtheLightoftheworld," therebygivingawonderfully truepictureofHimself.For HisDivineexampleisindeeda lightwhichcannotbehidden fromanylivingsoul.And,if weweretofollowthelightand beastrue,askindandforgivingasHe,thenHewouldbe highlypleasedwithusforwe wouldbelittle"Lights"also andourlivesshiningexamples toothers.

FortheNatureLover.

NATURE'SARCHITECT

HowtheGardenSpider SpinsItsSilveryWeb

Thegardenspiderisamuch betterarchitectthanthehouse spider.Ifyouexamineoneof thesecreaturesthroughamicroscope,youwouldseeonthe undersideofthespider'sabdomensixtinynipples.These arecalledspinneretsandeach. onehasinitahundredormore tinyholeswhichconnectwith thesilkglandsinsidethebody ofthespider.Theseglandsare filledwithasortofgummy fluid,andwhenthespiderstarts tospinawebthisfluidis pushedoutthroughthespinneretsin600exquisitelyfine strands.Onreachingtheair thesestrandsdryandturninto silk,unitingtogethertoform thethreadfromwhichthe spiderspinsitsweb.

Thegardenspidersetsabout spinninginamostscientific manner.Firstitselectstwo supportsliketwotreetrunksor twobranchessufficientlynear eachotherandbetweenthese supportsitstretchesitsfirst thread:Ifthereisabridgeof twigsorasmallerbranch,by whichitcantravelfromone supporttoanother,thespider willglueoneendofthethread firmlytothenearersupport and,then,carryingthethread withit,crossthebridge,and havingpulledthelinetight, glueitfasttothesecondsupport.Veryoften,however,there isnoconnectingbridgetoaid thespiderandithastofind someotherwayofcrossingthe gap.Thisitdoesbyspinninga longthreadofsilkandallowingittoflutteroutuponthe breezeuntilthefartherend reachessometwigorbranchto whichtheglueythreadsticks firmly.Thespidernextpulls uponthethreadtomakesure thatithascaughtfastand willsupportitsweightandthen gluestheotherendofthe threadtothebranchortree fromwhichitisworking.

Thespiderhasnowmade whatmightbecalledthemain supportofitssnare,andfrom thereitproceedstospinthreads tootherconvenientbranchesand twigs,untilithasmadeanirregularmanysidedframework onswwehbichIts'toecxantsbteepgiriisttoo dropspin alinefromthetopthreadofthe frameworktothebottomone, andthen,fromthecentreofthe thread,itcarrieslinesoutwards untilthewholeoftheframeworkisfilledwithfinesilken threadslikethespokesofa wheel.Thespidernowtests eachspoketoseethatitisfirm and,havingmadesurethatthe workiswellandtrulydone,it goesontospinadelicatespiral uponthespokes.Thisspiralis moredenselywoveninthe centrethanintheotherparts oftheweb.Alsotheseouter partsarecoveredwiththous_ andsoftinydropsofglueput theretoholdtheunwaryflyor insectwhichmayblunderinto thesnare,butthecloselywoven spiralinthecentreisfreeof anystickysubstanceforitis therethatthespiderusuallylies inwaitforitsprey.Sometimes, however,aspiderwillforsake thecentreofitswebandseek ahiding-placeundersome leaves,theretoawaititsvictim.Whenitdoesthis,itspins asignallinefromthecentreof thewebtoitshiding-placeand immediatelyaninsectgets trappedinthewebitsstruggles toescapemakethesignalline shake.Thenthespiderdashes outofitsambushandsecures itsprey. FromaBookofMany Things. (LaurelandGoldSeries.Volume62).

MR.SIDBRIGGS GeneralManager

JOE

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INMEMORIAM

HAWKINS,Ofyourcharity pleaseprayforthereposeof thesoulofmylovingfather Jameswhodepartedthislife Jan.13,1949.alsomydarling motherHelenawhodeparted thislifeApril10,1948.My JesusMercy.Insertedby theirlovingsonDavid.

MURRAY,(Frank)onDec.23, asresultofanaccidentat DonnybrookDearlyloved husbandofJo,devotedDaddyofGemma,Michael,Ann andMaureen.Lovedson-inlawofMas.Downey.R.I.P.

O'REILLY,Ofyourcharitypray forthereposeofthesoulof Mrs.E.M.O'Reillywhodied atSt.JohnofGodHospital, Kalgoorlie,Jan.10,1950also brotherJohnFennessywho diedatMooroopra,Vic.8th Oct.,1950.R.I.P.Insertedby fondsisterMrs.Quinlan.

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VigorousClaremontHibernianBranch

ChoosesB.EdwardsasNewPresident Fortnightlymeetingswere heldintheparishhallonthe Dec.18andJan.9,themeeting whichwastohavebeenheldon NewYear'sdaywaspostponed tothelatterdate.

ThemeetingDec.18being thelastoftheyear,theretiringmembersoftheprevious executivegaveplacetotheir successorswhohadbeenelectedatthatmeeting.Theyhad leftafinerecordbehindthem, whichwillstandasanexample forthenewexecutivetofollow.

Mr.V.Whiteleyhastaken hisplaceonthedistrictboard, towhichhewaselectedatthe recentconvention,butcontinues togivehisparishbranchallthe supportheisableto,whichis

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INANUTSHELL!

Whenyouenrolyour sonsanddaughtersfora CourseofBusinessTrainingwiththeC.C.COLLEGESyouensurefor them:-

characteristicofhim,andof theyeomanworkdonebyhim forthesocietyinthepast.

Thenewlyelectedcommittee consistsof:

President,Mr.B.Edwards; vicepresidentandwelfareofficer,Miss.M.J.Keogh;secretary,Mr.E.J.O'Connell; treasurer,Mr.W.B.T.Bodeker; guardian,Mr.Birch;and warden,Mr.J.Maloney.

Itispleasingtoseetheinteresttakenbytheyouthful membersinthesociety,of whichthevicepresident,guardian,andwardenaretheleading lights.

Atthefinalmeetingofthe year,averypleasantsocialfollowedtheattendancetobusiness,anditwasattendedby mostmembers.Mr.C.Watson, pastpresident,welcomedthe

guests,andheandMr.J.Grosslertookitinturnstopresideatthepiano.Thesingingof carolsprovidedtheproperatmosphere,andeverybody agreedthatamostenjoyableeveninghadbeenspent.Tofosterthesocialspiritthecommitteeproposestoholdsimilar gatheringsaboutonceamonth.

Reportsubmittedby,W.B.T.Bodeker Treasurer

CathedralHibernians EnjoyChristmasParty St.Patrick'sbranchheldits ChristmassocialDec.18.The functionwasveryenjoyable althoughapologiesforunavoidableabsencewerereceivedfrom manymembers.TheChristmas cakewastheworkandgiftof MissE.Masonwhosegenerosity waswarmlycommentedonby allpresent. Membersarenotifiedthatthe nextmeetingwillbeonThursday,Jan.11,at8p.m.

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YugoslaviaBleedsWestofMillionsas TalksCommencewithTopRedOfficials MONTREALINC.)-TheCentro!CommitteeoftheCommunistpartyofYugoslaviaisseeking anaccordwithSovietRussiaandtheCominform, acorrespondentof"TheEnsign,"CanadianCatholicweekly,reports.

FilingadispatchfromBerne, Switzerland,thecorrespondent reportsthatpublicdisclosureof thedecisionisbeingwithheld untilasmuchmaterialandmilitaryaidaspossible"hasbeen extractedfromtheUnited States,"whoseCongresshas justvotedanother$38,000,000 offoodaidtodrought_stricken Yugoslavia.

Officialsecrecyisalsobeing maintained,headds,pending theoutcomeofconversations alreadysaidtobeunderway betweenrepresentativesofBelgradeandMoscow.

Thecorrespondentsaysthat thedeterminingfactorinthe BelgradecentralCommunist committee'sreportedswing backtowardstheSovietfoldis itsopinionthattheSovietmilitaryblocisnowstronger

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thanthatofthefreeWestern nations.Anotherfactorissaid tobethecommittee'srealizationofthecontinuingideologicalsimilaritybetweenMarshalTito'sregimeandtheSoviet andhersatellites. MarshalTitohimself,the correspondentadds,toldagroup ofSwissjournaliststhatthe conflictbetweenYugoslavia andtheCominform,whichis therulingorganizationover Russiansatellites,wouldberesolved.Hepointsout,too,the releaseofGeneralZujovis, whohadbeenarrestedforCominformsympathies,inorder to"placatetheKremlin." Further,hesays,thepersecutionofformerCominformadhe_ rentshasbeenalmostcompletelystopped,andYugoslav newspapershavebeendirected totonedownanti-Cominform articles.

TheWest,thecorrespondent goeson,isbeingdeceivedinto believing'YugoslaviaisabulwarkofwesterndefensebyreportsofSovietsatellitetroop movementstotheYugoslav borders,thuspermittingSoviet Russiatomoveitstroopsto othervantagepoints.

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SydneyBishopwillTalkinABCSeries

HonouringChurchPioneersinAustralia

almostforgottenpersonalities willbegivenbyanauthority onearlyAustralianculture, ProfessorF.W.Robinson,ofthe Englishdepartment.University ofQueensland.

Thefifthtalkinthisseries willbegivenbytheMostRev. ErisO'Brien,AuxiliaryBishop toCardinalGilroy.

Thesetalksmaybeheardon thenationalprogrammeon Sundayafternoonsat3,30pm., AustraliaEasterntime,running fromJan.21toFeb.18.

TheworkofreligiouspioneersinthebeginningsofAustralianhistorywasnot,generally speaking,spectacular,andwasoftenregarded withindifference,orevenwithhostility.Fromthe longrangepointofview,however,noworkwasmoreimportantinitstimeandforthe peopleofthenewsettlement. Briefly,itsaimwastoreassert andmaintainthemoralvalues essentialinhumansociety,and towitnesstothespiritualforces whichdirect,enlargeandgive meaningtolife.Moreover,the workofgeneraleducationwas atfirstleftentirelytotheclergy andchurchschoolmasters.A seriesoffourA.B.C.talkson someofthesereallyheroicbut

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RACINGSELECTIONS

Saturday.January13,1951 (BeforeAcceptances)

KumarlMaiden:Theresa Anne,1;FireOff,2;Cathy ()Wore,3;Velva,4. TruslovePurse(1):Mattie,1; SweetBoronia,2;Beauambury, 3;Nolalyn,4. TruslovePurse(2):Kola Cheval,1;CharmingJenny,2; HarriTweed,3;Azothic,4. AlbinaHandicap:LadyDossie,1;DarkClover,2;Forest Rose,3;Dhotette,4. DowackHandicap:Franglo, 1;GoldenTasman,2;Glorious Beau,3;TheresaAnne,4. SpeddingtonWelter(2): ShiningGlory,1;DarkCorona, 2;CharmingJenny,3;Monk's Rose,4. SpeddingtonWelter(1):San Balkan,1;RomanMaid,2; Sartorial,3;BubbaDoll,4.

TROTTING

MetropolitanMaiden:Telluride,1;Staunch,2;River Road,3. KenwickHandicap:Robert Sheik,1;BraveLass,2;Sheik's Emblem,3. LeedervilleHandicap:Royal Assent,1;Practioner,2;Bright Dream,3. AustraliaHandicap:Ionic,1; PrinceMarlyn,2;PrinceTingle, 3. MaylandsHandicap:Chief Ruler,1;MissEugowra,2;RobertDonald,3. MandurahHandicap:Sheer Vanity,1;BlackWirra,2;BuennaLady,3. GuildfordHandicap:Super Junior,1;Wirradale,2;Lytham,3.

1951

Fourparties,eachlimitedto25memberswilldepartLondon, May28th,June4th,11th

Thursday,January11,1951

NewY.C.W.Executivefor1951IsElected

OnDecember21,1950,the DiocesanExecutiveelections forthePertharchdiocesewere heldatD.I.S.C.A.Thefollowing memberswereelectedtothe 1951Executive.

President:RayTwomey;Vice President:RayGleeson;Secretary:Kevin.Sulljvan:Asst.

Secretary:MarkHaydock; Treasurer:GrahamHarris; Propagandist:CliveWiltshire; Members:JimStewart,Fred Frank,HarryChildandFrank Greep.

Themovement'sthanksfora jobwelldoneareextendedto GerryLyonsandJohnStamp, retiringtreasurerandpropagandistrespectively,andforthe newexecutiveaprosperousand progressive1951ishoped.

AquinasWillBeHostTo SummerSchool,Jan.27

Branchpresidentsareasked tokeepinmindtheannual SummerSchooltobeheldat AquinasfromJanuary27-29th. Allbrancheshavenowbeen circularizedandpresidentsare askedtohavealistofintending participantsinatheadquarters byJan.15.

BranchElectionsAre

SetatClaremont,Jan.19

WestPerthLadsSet GeneralMeeting,Jan.25

Thenextgeneralmeetingof theWestPerthY.C.W.istobe held.ThursdayJan.25.All membersareaskedtoattendto makethemeetingasuccess.

SpecialMeetingatVic.

ParkArrangedJan.17

Thefirstspecialmonthly meetingfor1951willbeheld intheschoolroomonWednesday,Jan.17.Everymemberis cordiallyinvitedtoattendand tobringanyoftheiryoung malefriends.Subscriptionswill alsobecollected.

TwoMembersofY.C.W.

MarriedonSameDate

CongratulationstoWestPerth Y.C.W.'sex-president,Brian McGinnityandJuneMansell whoweremarriedwithNuptial MassatAllHallows,Inglewood, onSaturdayJan.6. CongratulationsalsotoNed MartinoofWestPerthY.C.W., andhisbrideBrunaFacci,who weremarriedatSt.Brigid's, WestPerthonJan.6.

FirstNewYearDance

ForCathedralonJan.29

Thefirstbigdanceofthe NewYearwillbeheldatthe Y.A.L.ballroomJan.29,commencingat8p.m.Allbranches areaskedtohavethissocial eventinmindandtokeepthe datefreeofotherbranchacti-

Thefirstgeneralmeetingof thebranchistobeheldFriday January19.Thebranchexecutiveelectionsarescheduledto takeplaceandthereforea100 percentattendanceisessential.vities.

BandCGradesLeadinInfer-ClubSports

AGradeSprintersShineinRelayEvents

Y.C.W.athleteswerewellto thefrontintheinterclubcompetitionsheldJan.6,winning onthedayintheA,B.andC gradesandfinishingsecondin thesub-juniorcompetition. Withonlytwomoreweeksof thiscompetitionlefttheaggregatepointsshowtheall-round strengthoftheclubasfollows: Agrade-Secondinthege-neralcompetitionandfirstin therelayevents.BGrade-

Firstinbothcompetitions.C Grade-Firstinbothcompetitions.Sub-Juniors-Second inbothcompetitions. IntheAGradethesprinters areworthyofspecialmention aswehavebeenwithoutthe servicesofA.deGruchyand T.Meagher;butdespitethis handicaphavemorethanheld ourownintherelayevents,the defeatofateamwhichincludedG.GipsonandI.Woodbeing

verygratifying.InL.Howard, J.O'Connell.C.Johnson,P. JerrattandJ.Pashwehavea veryhandygroupofyoung sprinters. ItisalsopleasingtoseeW. O'GradyandH.Donaldson reapingtheresultsofhard trainingbynowbeingableto dobetterthanthequalifying distancesrequiredforAgrade fieldeventssuchastheshot putt.Bill'sbroadjumpof22" 61"wasanotherfineeffort, whileJ.O'Connell'sjumpof 21'9"isoutstandingforajunior. J.Chilvers'wininthe120yds hurdlesinthegoodtimeof16.1 secs,wasalsoagoodperformance.

IntheBgrade,thatpromisingmiddle-distancerunner,F. O'Connell,wonthefirstdivisionofthemileinthegoodtime of4.51.2seconds.Goodperformanceswereregisteredinthe broadjumpbyB.Foley(19'7"), J.Pitts(19'41")andN.Brownrigg(18'10").

Thebestperformanceinthe Cgradewastheshotputtof 35'71"byR,Beaton.Thisrunner,withD.Dalyand.M.Haydwk,gainedvaluablepoints withtwofirstsandasecondin the440yards.J.Mestichelli's javelinthrowof121'84"wasan outstandingperformancefora youngfirstseasoncompetitor, andhealsodidwellwithG. StaplesandL.Lynchinthe onemilewherewescoredtwo firstsandasecond.

Therelayteam,N.McGill,R. Smith,P.O'DonoghueandJ. Donovanshowedplentyofdeterminationintheirwin.

Sub-Junior:M.Kalafis showinggoodforminthe sprints,whereheisdowningall oppositionexceptEvanReidof PerthBoy'sschool,whois reallysomethingwellabove average.Anotherwhoisunfortunateinmeetinganopponent ofsuchhighstandardisP. Clarke,whosebroadjumpof 10'51"wasaverygoodeffort foraladhisage.C.Creed wonthe880yds.inveryhollowfashionandindoingsowas only7secs.outsidetherecord, althoughhehadpreviously racedahard220yards.

Thereareahandfulofregularcompetitorsinthisgrade

TheExecutivewillmeetat 7.30onMonday,Jan.22,immediatelyafterthe'Marian Lodge'Committeemeetingat 7p.m. ThefirstDiocesanCouncil meetingfortheyearwillbe heldonMonday,Feb.5,at8 p.m.,atheadquarters.Branchesareremindedtobesureto buttheyareobtainingexperienceinavarietyofeventsand looklikeprovidingverygood materialforfutureevents.

Individualpointsgainedon Saturdayareasfollow:

AGrade:J.O'Connell16,P. Jerratt81,W.O'Grady7,H. Donaldson,J.ChilversandF.

Butler6,C.Johnson64,L.

Howard44,P.Hickey4,R.Harris2,J.Pash14.

BGrade:J.Pitts13,F. O'Connell10,B.FoleyandJ. Walsh9,G.Ward8,P.Jones, W.Maher,K.Barron,C.Russell, J,StewartandN.Brownrigg7, B.Hanney5,J.Clarko4,R. Walker3.

CGrade:R.Beaton27,J. Mestichelli18,M.Haydock17, D.Daly14,P.Slattery12,R. Smith91,T.TraversandL. Lynch9,J.Donovan81,G. Staples7,P.O'Donoghue71,N.

McGill61.

Sub-Junior:B.Bailey16,P. Clark154,M.Kalaf134,T. Keyson13,N.Thomson11,C. Creed94,E.Knight54andK. Devlin5.

sendincompletednomination formsfortheDiocesanExecutiveelectionsbyMondaynext, Jan.15.

MoreGirlsAveWanted ToFinishSeasonWell

Althoughtheclubdidnot havemanymemberspresentit scoredawinovertheopposing team,Surf,50pointsto43,on Saturday,Jan,6. Pointswerescoredbythe followingathletes: M.Chandler1stinJavelin andShotPutt;M.Hogan,1st inbroadjump,2ndinJavelin and3rdin100yds.;0.Meyer, 2ndin150yds.;J.Snowdon, 3rdinBroadJumpand4thin 150yds.;G.Hogan2ndin100 yds.;P.Meyer,2ndandC. Rowe3rdinShotPutt.

Itishopedthatsomeofthe girls,whoarenowintraining buthavenotyetcompeted,will dosoatthenextmeeting,as, theseasonisdrawingtoaclose anditisdesiredtogainall possiblepointsintheremaining weeks.

CathedralOpens1951 WithLeaders'Meeting

Thefirstleaders'meetingfor thisyearwillbeonTuesday, Jan.16,atDISCA,at8p.m. Pleasemakeanoteofthisdate. GeneralmeetingwillbeatSt. Patrick'sschoolJan,23.Itis hopedtoseealltheoldfaces again,plusalotofnewones.

St.Gertrude'sexCollegiansAsscn. ANNUALREUNION

ST.JOSEPH'SCONVENT,SOUTHPERTH SUNDAYJANUARY14,1951

GARDENPARTYANDMUSICALE

2P.M.SHARPUNTIL5.30P.M. ALLST.JOSEPH'SEX-PUPILSCORDIALLYINVITED Wouldallwishingtoattendplease ringMrs.U.Hall,BJ1880,orSt.Joseph'sConvent MU1009beforetheJanuary9,1951.

SUPPORTOURADVERTISERS

GAS STOVES

CanWeUse'A'Bomb?

NotedJesuitSaysYESinAnsweringQueryonMorality OfStrikingFirstBlowwithAtomicorHydrogenBombs

WASHINGTON,Dec.29-Followingisthetextofanarticlebythe Rev.Dr.EdmundA.Walsh,S.J.,vicepresidentofGeorgetownUniversity andregentoftheuniversity'sSchoolofForeignService,discussingthemoralityofstrikingthefirstblowifanatomicattackisimminent.ThearticlefirstappearedintheWashington"SundayStar,"whichhasgivenpermissiontotheCatholicpresstoreprintit.

ThePresident'sproclamation ofDecember16,declaringa stateofnationalemergency, markedtheendofwhatisprobablythemostamazingand confusedchapterinthehistory ofAmericanforeignpolicy.The officialdescriptionandrecognitionoftheobjectivesofworld communismbythepresidential decreeputtheissue,atlong last,exactlywhereitbelongs.

Thefinalconfrontationhas beenreachedbetweenthetwo greatcentresofworldpower whosebasicandirreconcilable characterwasfranklydescribed bySovietauthoritiesmanyyears ago.Theyneverhadamoment's doubtastotheinevitableclash thatmustensue.

LeninForesawConflict

BetweenEastandWest Leninknewitandwarned hisfollowers:

"Welive...notonlyinastate butasystemofstates,andthe existenceoftheSovietRepublic sidebysidewiththeimperialist states(Le.,non-Communist states)foralongtimeisunthinkable.Intheendeitherone ortheotherwillconquer.And untilthatendcomes,aseries ofthemostterriblecollisions betweentheSovietRepublic andthebourgeoisstatesisinevitable."

Aftercitingthisfundamental Sovietdoctrine,Stalinonce addedthelaconicremark: "Clear,onewouldthink."

In1927helikewisedeclared toavisitingdelegationofAmericanworkers:

"Thusinthecourseoffurther developmentofinternationalrevolution,twocentreswillform onaworldscale...Thestruggle ofthesetwocentresforthepossessionoftheworldeconomy willdecidethefateofcapitalism andcommunisminthewhole world."

Thehardcore,thestronghold andarsenalofthenon-Communistforcesinthisconflict withSovietcommunismarethe UnitedStates-adiagnosis whichStalinconfirmedinhis interviewwithformerGov. Stassenin1947.Neitherhenor anyLeninistbelievesinthe continuedco-existenceofthese twoopposingworldsofecono-

micthoughtandmoralideals.

Theprotestationsofpeaceful intentspokenbyVishinskyin theUnitedNationsareonlythe actors'linesofapreparedscript designedtodistracttheaudiencefromanapproaching PearlHarbour.

SovietRuthlessnessis

BorrowingTimetoArm

Itisforthatinevitable,titanicArmageddonthatSoviet rearmamenthasbeenin?reparationsince1945.Thereis,consequently,arecognizablelogicalityinSovietmanoeuvres whetheronthediplomaticfront orintheirterritorialaggrandizements,whichmakesSoviet conductcoldlyconsistentand notanenigma,orapuzzle,as someunhistoricmindsimagine.

ThePolitburohasorderedmany azigzag,tobesure,buttheir over-allstrategyrevealsthe mostcoherentnationalpolicy andeffectivestaffplanningobservableonthestageofinternationalrelationsforthepast 30years.Lookatamapofthe world.Somethinglike800millionhumanbeingsarenowdirectlyorindirectlyunderthe contro1 ofMoscow-which meansapproximatelyone-third ofthehumanrace.

TheplaceofA-bombsand H-bombsinthiscomplexclash ofpowerbetweenEastand Westis,liketheghostof Banquo,theuninvitedguestat everyinternationalconference.

Readytoscraptheadvantage conferredbythoseghastlyweaponsifallothernationswould agreetoeffectivecontrols,the GovernmentoftheUnited Stateshasbeenblockedbythe constantvetoofSovietRussia.

Thusshegainstimewhilethe sandsrunout-tillshehasa stockpileofatomicbombs.

Hence,regretfullybutcategorically,PresidentTrumanannouncedonApril6,1949,that hewouldauthorizeuseof atomicbombsagain,shouldthe dreadednecessityariseandif thewelfareoftheUnitedStates andthedemocraciesofthe worldisatstake."Ihopeand pray,"headded,"thatwill neverbenecessary."

BOOKSFORSALEAT CentralCatholicBookShop,

36PierStreet,Perth

THEWAYOFDIVINELOVE(AMessageoftheSacredHeart totheworld.)bySisterJosephaMenendez21/-.

THECOLLECTEDLETTERSOFST.THERESEOFLISIEUX byF.J.Sheed23/6.

THESPIRITUALLETTERSOFDOMJOHNCHAPMAN16/6.

COMMUNISMANDTHECONSCIENCEOFTHEWEST byMons.FultonJ.Sheen14/9.

QUESTIONSANDANSWERS(Part1.THESACRAMENTS) byCanonE.J.Mahoney25/-.

QUESTIONSANDANSWERS(Part11.PRECEPTS)byCanon E.J.Mahoney25/-.

THYLIGHTANDTHYTRUTHbyFatherRobertNashS.J.10/-.

THEVOICEOFAPRIESTbyEdwardLeenC.S.Sp.16/6.

THEHOLYGHOSTbyEdwardLeenC.S.Sp.13/3.

PROGRESSTHROUGHMENTALPRAYERbyEdward C.S.Sp.13/3.

THESECRETOFST.MARTINbyHenriGheon11/9.

FormerMoralStandards

OutragedbyTotalWar

Thefrightfuleffectsofthat dreadfulweaponareknownby personalobservationtothepresentwriter,ashespentsome10 daysintheruinsofHiroshima in1947andinterviewedmany ofthevictimswhosurvivedthe tragedy.Theethicalproblemof employingsuchalethalweaponwhich,bytheverynature andintensityoftheexplosion, willexterminatethousands uponthousandsofciviliansand innocentbystandersnotdirectlyemployedinmilitaryactivities,isnoteasytoresolve.Discussionofthatmoralaspectis madeintricateandinconclusive, moreover,bythenewandinescapablefactoftotalwarfare.

Thedegenerationininternationalconductsince1939and theeviloftotalwarhavepro-ducedprofoundpublicconsequences.Thereisnolongera battlefrontintheconventional sense;thereisnolongeradefinedandlimitedzoneofcombat occupiedbymilitaryforces,by menwhoareexpectedtorunthe risksofsoldiers,leavingatear territoryinhabitedbycivilians notsubjecttothesamehazards undertheoldconceptofwarfare.

Todaythetotalpopulationis involved;theneedsoftechnologicaldevelopmentsembrace somuchorganizationforarmamentandforsupplythatthe battlefronthasmovedinto everycity,townandvillage. Thereisnorear;thereisno escape;andthereisnoshield oflegalstatus.Whatisofimmediateconcern,then,isdefinitionandclarificationofthe issueraisedbyPresidentTruman'sreferencetonecessity andthewelfareoftheUnited States,followedbyhisauthorizationtoproceedwithproduc- tionofthehydrogenbomb.

AtomBombsMaySurely BeUsedInSelfDefence

Directassaultlaunchedaga- instusbyanenemywhois knowntohavetheatomic bomb-andnopowerwould nowattacktheUnitedStates withoutit-raisesonetypeof questionnottoodifficultto answer,Weshouldhavenoalternativebuttoretaliatein kind.Asecondquestionismore compellinganditiswiththis thatwearehereconcerned: WouldtheUnitedStatesbe justifiedinlaunchinganimmediateatomicattackagainstan enemypowerbeforeitcould usethatdevastatingweapon againstourcities?

ofindividuals,asisobvious,but toourentiresystemofnational defenceandtoourexistenceas aNation.

Clearly,atomicbombswould beusedundertitleofdefence only,aclaimthatwouldbeset upbyeverynation.Hence,the conceptandterm"defence" mustbeclarified,bothbydefinitionandthroughapplication toconcretecircumstances.

Certainty&Immediacy OfAttackVitalFactors

Theuseofforceforlegitimateself-defenceisconferred bythenaturallaw.Thismoral justificationtorepelanunjust aggressorbymeansreasonably adaptedandproportionateto thenatureoftheattack,isthe rightnotonlyofindividuals butofthestateaswell.Inthe caseofthestate,itgoesfurther still;itbecomesanobligation, inviewofthedutyincumbent ongovernmenttosafeguardthe lives,thelibertyandthetemporalwelfareofcitizensviewed individuallyandcollectively.In totalwartheattackisnolonger limitedtoacknowledgedmilitarytargets;itislevelledagainst wholepeoplesaspeoples.

Theproblem,then,involves questionsrelatingtothecertaintyandimmediacyofanattackundergivencircumstances aswellastothespecialnature ofsomenewdefensiveweapon. Intheevolutionofhumanrelationshipsfromprimitiveto modernandcomplex,theelementsofcertaintyandimmediacyhavevariedinstepwith thedevelopmentofweaponsof attack.

Primitivemanwasjustifiedin exercisinghis a preventiveblowwhenhesawa barefistdescendingonhimat arm'slength,orastonelifted againsthim.Inthecourseof timehesawanaxeuplifted,a daggerdrawn,thenasword thrustathim,thenaspearlevelled,thenanarrowfittedtoa bowstring.Thedanger,though movingbackinspace,wasstill immediateandcertainintime. Withtheinventionofgunpowder,theassailantmoved fartherandfartheraway;but nobasicchangewasintroduced intheelementsofcertaintyand immediacyofattack.Then, long-rangeartillery,thoughdischargingexplosivesfromemplacementsevenoutofsightand milesaway,couldmenacelife andlimbwithequalcertainty andimmediacy.

AirPowerHasAltered AspectsofAggression

rightofself-defence.todenythecorrespondingrighttohave interceptedanddestroyedthat advancingmenaceatanypoint, nearorfar.

LegitimateSelfDefence

MayDestroyThousands andShouldhistoryrepeatitself produceaSovietfeintin someremoteareaofAsiaorthe MiddleEast,itwillbethe signalforthoseburntoncein thefireofsuchdeceittokeep theireyesfixedontheNorthwestandArcticsectorofour Americandefencesystem.

IftheGovernmentofthe UnitedStateshassoundreason tobelieve(thatis,hasmoral certitude)thatasimilarattack isbeingmountedandreadyto belaunchedagainstthecountry fromanysource,thenitwould appearthatPresidentTruman wouldbemorallyjustifiedto takedefensivemeasurespro- portionatetothedanger.That wouldmeanuseoftheatomic bomb,asnopowerwould launchasurpriseattackonthe UnitedStateswithoutanadequatesupplyofatomicbombs. Shouldlargenumbersofeivi-

()ratioImperata

TheOratioImperata"Contra Persecutores"whichhasbeen saidduringtheyearhasnow beenabrogated,theVeryRev. J.J.Raffertyannouncedtoday. flansbeharmedbyAmerican necessitytousethebombin self-defence,thatregrettable effect,notintendedassuch, wouldbeattributabletowhat moralistsdescribeastheindirectvoluntary.

Anattackagainstuswould havetobeSudden,unannounced,sufficientlydevastatingand sowidespreadincoverageasto crippleourpowersofreprisal; thereplytoanypartialcrip- plingwouldbesooverwhelminglyatomicthatnoaggres-sivegovernmentcouldriskthe gamblewithoutcertaintyof success.Losingthegamble underpresentconditionsof warfarewouldmeanpractical annihilation.

CrucialNeedIsHonest,

AccurateInformation

Leen

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Underanyhypothesis,the answerisextremelydifficultto formulate,bothforethicaland historicalreasons.Ourevery traditionandinstinctasa people,aswellasconscience itself,recoilsbeforesuchadread alternativeeveninself-defence, althoughfewmoralistswillinsistthatwemustwaituntilthe enemydeliversthefirstatomic blow.Underthenewconditionsoftheatomicagesuchan aggressionmightverywellbe fatal,notonlytoavastnumber

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Nowcomestheageofair power,withmilitaryaviation carryingflamingdeathfrom baseslocated3,000,5,000miles away.Aircraftcarriersfarout atsea,flyingbombs,guided missiles,jetbombsandatomic explosivescannowbeacertain andimmediatemenacefrom ever-growingdistancesinthis eraofglobal-mindedwarfare. Whoshallmaintainthatthe substantiveandinherentright ofself-defenceincancelledout byanaccidentalcircumstance orbytheingenuityofanaggressorinachemicallaboratory?

TheJapaneseairforcewhich bombedPearlHarbourwascarriedtoapointdesignatedfor thetake-offbyafleetofwar vessels,includingcarriers, which,wenowknow,leftthe northernJapaneseportof TankanWanonNovember26, 1941,fortheattackdelivered onDecember7.Theattacking planestookofffromthedecks oftheircarriersatapointapproximately230milesnorthof PearlHarbour.Itwouldbea torturedinterpretationofthe

Thisargumentpresupposes, asitscrucialpremise,accuracy ofinformation,honestinformation,competentinformation, andanalertintelligenceservice.Iftimepermitted,awarningoranultimatumtoan enemyfoundtobepreparing suchanattackshouldbegiven.

But,withorwithoutultimatum,Ipersonallyseenoimmorality,thoughmuchtragedyand horrorofconsequences,inthe GovernmentoftheUnited Stateschoosingthelesserof twoevils.Neitherreasonnor theology,normoralsrequire menornationstocommitsuicidebyrequiringthatwemust awaitthefirstblowfroma Powerwithnomoralinhibitionsandwhen,asinthecase nowunderconsideration,the attackwouldsurelyinclude bombardmentbyatomicmissiles.

EvenChristhimselfdidnot disdaintoseizealashanddrive thehypocritesoutofthetemple. Butwhatanappallingresponsibilityisnowlaidonmilitary intelligence,ondiplomaticvigilanceandonallrelatedsecurityagencieswhichgatherand analyzeinformationinthis atomicage.

CanWeUse'A'Bomb?

NotedJesuitSaysYESinAnsweringQueryonMorality OfStrikingFirstBlowwithAtomicorHydrogenBombs

WASHINGTON,Dec.29-Followingisthetextofanarticlebythe Rev.Dr,EdmundA.Walsh,S.J.,vicepresidentofGeorgetownUniversity andregentoftheuniversity'sSchoolofForeignService,discussingthemoralityofstrikingthefirstblowifanatomicattackisimminent.ThearticlefirstappearedintheWashington"SundayStar,"whichhasgivenpermissiontotheCatholicpresstoreprintit.

ThePresident'sproclamation ofDecember16,declaringa stateofnationalemergency, markedtheendofwhatisprobablythemostamazingand confusedchapterinthehistory ofAmericanforeignpolicy.The officialdescriptionandrecognitionoftheobjectivesofworld communismbythepresidential decreeputtheissue,atlong last,exactlywhereitbelongs.

Thefinalconfrontationhas beenreachedbetweenthetwo greatcentresofworldpower whosebasicandirreconcilable characterwasfranklydescribed bySovietauthoritiesmanyyears ago.Theyneverhadamoment's doubtastotheinevitableclash thatmustensue.

LeninForesawConflict

BetweenEastandWest

Leninknewitandwarned hisfollowers:

"Welive...notonlyinastate butasystemofstates,andthe existenceoftheSovietRepublic sidebysidewiththeimperialiststates(Le.,non-Communist states)foralongtimeisunthinkable.Intheendeitherone ortheotherwillconquer.And untilthatendcomes,aseries ofthemostterriblecollisions betweentheSovietRepublic andthebourgeoisstatesisinevitable."

Aftercitingthisfundamental Sovietdoctrine,Stalinonce addedthelaconicremark: "Clear,onewouldthink."

In1927helikewisedeclared toavisitingdelegationofAmericanworkers:

"Thusinthecourseoffurther developmentofinternationalrevolution,twocentreswillform onaworldscale...Thestruggle ofthesetwocentresforthepossessionoftheworldeconomy willdecidethefateofcapitalism andcommunisminthewhole world."

Thehardcore,thestronghold andarsenalofthenon-Communistforcesinthisconflict withSovietcommunismarethe UnitedStates-adiagnosis whichStalinconfirmedinhis interviewwithformerGov. Stassenin1947.Neitherhenor anyLeninistbelievesinthe continuedco-existenceofthese twoopposingworldsofecono-

micthoughtandmoralideals. Theprotestationsofpeaceful intentspokenbyVishinskyin theUnitedNationsareonlythe actors'linesofapreparedscript designedtodistracttheaudiencefromanapproaching PearlHarbour.

SovietRuthlessnessIs BorrowingTimetoArm

Itisforthatinevitable,titanicArmageddonthatSoviet rearmamenthasbeenin?reparationsince1945.Thereis,consequently,arecognizablelogicalityinSovietmanoeuvres whetheronthediplomaticfront orintheirterritorialaggrandizements,whichmakesSoviet conductcoldlyconsistentand notanenigma,orapuzzle,as someunhistoricmindsimagine.

ThePolitburohasorderedmany azigzag,tobesure,buttheir over-allstrategyrevealsthe mostcoherentnationalpolicy andeffectivestaffplanningobservableonthestageofinternationalrelationsforthepast 30years.Lookatamapofthe world.Somethinglike800millionhumanbeingsarenowdirectlyorindirectlyunderthe controlofMoscow-which meansapproximatelyone-third ofthehumanrace.

TheplaceofA-bombsand H-bombsinthiscomplexclash ofpowerbetweenEastand Westis,liketheghostof Banquo,theuninvitedguestat everyinternationalconference. Readytoscraptheadvantage conferredbythoseghastlyweaponsifallothernationswould agreetoeffectivecontrols,the GovernmentoftheUnited Stateshasbeenblockedbythe constantvetoofSovietRussia. Thusshegainstimewhilethe sandsrunout-tillshehasa stockpileofatomicbombs. Hence,regretfullybutcategorically,PresidentTrumanannouncedonApril6,1949,that hewouldauthorizeuseof atomicbombsagain,shouldthe dreadednecessityariseandif thewelfareoftheUnitedStates andthedemocraciesofthe worldisatstake,"Ihopeand pray,"headded,"thatwill neverbenecessary."

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FormerMoralStandards

OutragedbyTotalWar

Thefrightfuleffectsofthat dreadfulweaponareknownby personalobservationtothepresentwriter,ashespentsome10 daysintheruinsofHiroshima in1947andinterviewedmany ofthevictimswhosurvivedthe tragedy.Theethicalproblemof employingsuchalethalweaponwhich,bytheverynature andintensityoftheexplosion, willexterminatethousands uponthousandsofciviliansand innocentbystandersnotdirectlyemployedinmilitaryactivities,isnoteasytoresolve.Discussionofthatmoralaspectis madeintricateandinconclusive, moreover,bythenewandinescapablefactoftotalwarfare.

Thedegenerationininternationalconductsince1939and theeviloftotalwarhaveproducedprofoundpublicconsequences.Thereisnolongera battlefrontintheconventional sense;thereisnolongeradefinedandlimitedzoneofcombat occupiedbymilitaryforces,by menwhoareexpectedtorunthe risksofsoldiers,leavingarear territoryinhabitedbycivilians notsubjecttothesamehazards undertheoldconceptofwarfare.

Todaythetotalpopulationis involved;theneedsoftechnologicaldevelopmentsembrace somuchorganizationforarmamentandforsupplythatthe battlefronthasmovedinto everycity,townandvillage. Thereisnorear;thereisno escape;andthereisnoshield oflegalstatus.Whatisofimmediateconcern,then,isdefinitionandclarificationofthe issueraisedbyPresidentTruman'sreferencetonecessity andthewelfareoftheUnited States,followedbyhisauthorizationtoproceedwithproductionofthehydrogenbomb.

AtomBombsMaySurely BeUsedInSelfDefence

Directassaultlaunchedaga-instusbyanenemywhois knowntohavetheatomic bomb-andnopowerwould nowattacktheUnitedStates withoutit-raisesonetypeof questionnottoodifficultto answer.Weshouldhavenoalternativebuttoretaliatein kind.Asecondquestionismore compellinganditiswiththis thatwearehereconcerned: WouldtheUnitedStatesbe justifiedinlaunchinganimmediateatomicattackagainstan enemypowerbeforeitcould usethatdevastatingweapon againstourcities?

Underanyhypothesis,the answerisextremelydifficultto formulate,bothforethicaland historicalreasons.Ourevery traditionandinstinctasa people,aswellasconscience itself,recoilsbeforesuchadread alternativeeveninself-defence, althoughfewmoralistswillinsistthatwemustwaituntilthe enemydeliversthefirstatomic blow,Underthenewconditionsoftheatomicagesuchan aggressionmightverywellbe fatal,notonlytoavastnumber

Wm.A.YOUNG, FAMILYBUTCHER

CornerJohnandFitzgeraldSts., Perth FORQUALITYMEAT YOU'LLLOVETOEAT

Phone:B2621

ofindividuals,asisobvious,but toourentiresystemofnational defenceandtoourexistenceas aNation.

Clearly,atomicbombswould beusedundertitleofdefence only,aclaimthatwouldbeset upbyeverynation.Hence,the conceptandterm"defence" mustbeclarified,bothbydefinitionandthroughapplication toconcretecircumstances.

Certainty&Immediacy OfAttackVitalFactors

Theuseofforceforlegiti- mateself-defenceisconferred bythenaturallaw.Thismoral justificationtorepelanunjust aggressorbymeansreasonably adaptedandproportionateto thenatureoftheattack,isthe rightnotonlyofindividuals butofthestateaswell.Inthe caseofthestate,itgoesfurther still;itbecomesanobligation, inviewofthedutyincumbent ongovernmenttosafeguardthe lives,thelibertyandthetemporalwelfareofcitizensviewed individuallyandcollectively.In totalwartheattackisnolonger limitedtoacknowledgedmilitarytargets;itislevelledagainst wholepeoplesaspeoples. Theproblem,then,involves questionsrelatingtothecertaintyandimmediacyofanattackundergivencircumstances aswellastothespecialnature ofsomenewdefensiveweapon. Intheevolutionofhumanrelationshipsfromprimitiveto modernandcomplex,theelementsofcertaintyandimmediacyhavevariedinstepwith thedevelopmentofweaponsof attack.

Primitivemanwasjustifiedin exercisinghisrighttostrikea preventiveblowwhenhesawa barefistdescendingonhimat arm'slength,orastonelifted againsthim.Inthecourseof timehesawanaxeuplifted,a daggerdrawn,thenasword thrustathim,thenaspearlevelled,thenanarrowfittedtoa bowstring.Thedanger,though movingbackinspace,wasstill immediateandcertainintime. Withtheinventionofgunpowder,theassailantmoved fartherandfartheraway:but nobasicchangewasintroduced intheelementsofcertaintyand immediacyofattack.Then, long-rangeartillery,thoughdischargingexplosivesfromemplacementsevenoutofsightand milesaway,couldmenacelife andlimbwithequalcertainty andimmediacy.

AirPowerHasAltered AspectsofAggression

Nowcomestheageofair power,withmilitaryaviation carryingflamingdeathfrom baseslocated3,000,5,000miles away.Aircraftcarriersfarout atsea,flyingbombs,guided missiles,jetbombsandatomic explosivescannowbeacertain andimmediatemenacefrom ever-growingdistancesinthis eraofglobal-mindedwarfare. Whoshallmaintainthatthe substantiveandinherentright ofself-defenceincancelledout byanaccidentalcircumstance orbytheingenuityofanaggressorinachemicallaboratory? TheJapaneseairforcewhich bombedPearlHarbourwascarriedtoapointdesignatedfor thetake-offbyafleetofwar vessels,includingcarriers, which,wenowknow,leftthe northernJapaneseportof TankanWanonNovember26, 1941,fortheattackdelivered onDecember7.Theattacking planestookofffromthedecks oftheircarriersatapointapproximately230milesnorthof PearlHarbour.Itwouldbea torturedinterpretationofthe

rightofself-defence'todenythecorrespondingrighttohave interceptedanddestroyedthat advancingmenaceatanypoint, nearorfar.

LegitimateSelfDefence

MayDestroyThousands

Shouldhistoryrepeatitself andproduceaSovietfeintin someremoteareaofAsiaorthe MiddleEast,itwillbethe signalforthoseburntoncein thefireofsuchdeceittokeep theireyesfixedontheNorthwestandArcticsectorofour Americandefencesystem.

IftheGovernmentofthe UnitedStateshassoundreason tobelieve(thatis,hasmoral certitude)thatasimilarattack isbeingmountedandreadyto belaunchedagainstthecountryfromanysource,thenitwould appearthatPresidentTruman wouldbemorallyjustifiedto take portionatedefensivemeasuresprotothedanger.That wouldmeanuseoftheatomic bomb,asnopowerwould launchasurpriseattackonthe UnitedStateswithoutanadequatesupplyofatomicbombs. Shouldlargenumbersofeivi-

OratioImperata

TheOratioImperata"Contra Persecutores"whichhasbeen saidduringtheyearhasnow beenabrogated,theVeryRev. J.J.Raffertyannouncedtoday.

flansbeharmedbyAmerican necessitytousethebombin self-defence,thatregrettable effect,notintendedassuch, wouldbeattributabletowhat moralistsdescribeastheindirectvoluntary.

Anattackagainstuswould havetobesudden,unannounced,sufficientlydevastatingand sowidespreadincoverageasto crippleourpowersofreprisal; thereplytoanypartialcrip- plingwouldbesooverwhelminglyatomicthatnoaggres- sivegovernmentcouldriskthe gamblewithoutcertaintyof success.Losingthegambleunderpresentconditionsof warfarewouldmeanpractical annihilation.

CrucialNeedIsHonest, AccurateInformation

Thisargumentpresupposes, asitscrucialpremise,accuracy ofinformation,honestinformation,competentinformation, andanalertintelligenceservice.Iftimepermitted,awarningoranultimatumtoan enemyfoundtobepreparing suchanattackshouldbegiven.

But,withorwithoutultimatum,Ipersonallyseenoimmorality,thoughmuchtragedyand horrorofconsequences,inthe GovernmentoftheUnited Stateschoosingthelesserof twoevils.Neitherreasonnor theology,normoralsrequire menornationstocommitsuicidebyrequiringthatwemust awaitthefirstblowfroma powerwithnomoralinhibitionsandwhen,asinthecase nowunderconsideration,the attackwouldsurelyinclude bombardmentbyatomicmissiles.

EvenChristhimselfdidnot disdaintoseizealashanddrive thehypocritesoutofthetemple. Butwhatanappallingresponsibilityisnowlaidonmilitary intelligence,ondiplomaticvigilanceandonallrelatedsecurityagencieswhichgatherand analyzeinformationinthis atomicage.