The Record Newspaper 28 August 1947

1111111MI

MonsignorFaganDead

PioneerintheEarlyGoldfields

At4.47a.m.onWednesday,August27,Rt.Rev.Monsignor

BernardFagan,ParishPriestofSubiaco,andVicarGeneralof theArchdiocese,passedtohiseternalrewardinSt.Anne'sHospital,Mt.Lawley.

ThelateMonsignorFaganwas borninCo.Westmeath,Ireland, onFebruary25,1868.Hereceivedhisearlyeducationinthe NationalSchool.Owingtothe suddendeathofhisfather,he remainedworkingonthefamily farmtillhewasabletoproceed toAllHallowsCollegetopursuehisstudiesfortheSacred Priesthood.

HewasordainedPriestin 1896,andarrivedinW.A.towardstheendofthesameyear. Afterhavingspentsometimein Guildford,York,Toodyay,and Coolgardie,in1900hewas transferredtoMenzies,wherehe remainedforsevenyears.

ConditionsontheGoldfields wereverydifficult.Eightymiles fromthenearestpriest,hislife

wasnotonlylonelybutdevoidof alltheamenitieswhichcivilisationhasobtainedforus. Hispresbyterywasahessianlinedironhumpy,hisusualmode ofconveyancewasahorseand buggy.Wewhohavebeen broughtuptoconsidersuch thingsascars,electriclight,and runningwaterasnecessitiesin ourdailylives,finditdifficultto visualisehowthesepioneers managedtoovercometheseobstaclesandkeepburningthe lightoftheOneTrueFaithin thesoulsoftheearlycolonists.

In1907hewastransferredas thefirstresidentParishPriest ofVictoriaPark.Herehe builtthePresbyteryandalsothe schoolatSouthPerth.

In1911hewasappointedParIshPriestofSt.Brigid's,West Perth,aparishwhichincluded Leederville,OsbornePark,and Wanneroo.Itwasduringhis periodofofficeatWestPerth`' thathebuilttheschool,andin 1927wascreatedaDomestic Prelate.

HewasappointedConsultorto BishopClune,andin1936,after havingbeentransferredtoSubiaco,receivedthesignalhonour ofbeingnominatt.VicarGeneraloftheArchdiocese.

Inthiscapacityherepresented theArchdioceseattheEucharisticCongressatNewZealand. andalsoattheInternationalEucharisticCongressheldinSydney. Takenillashorttimeago,he wasremovedtohospital.His lastmomentswereashehad wished.HereceivedHolyViaticumshortlyaftermidnight. Hisbrotherpriestssurrounding hisbedside,recitedtheDivine Office,thePrayersfortheDying, andtheHolyRosary.Hedied ashehadlived,agreatPriest andadevotedsonofMary.

TheOfficefortheDeadwas chantedbythePriests'Choirin St.Joseph'sChurch,Subiaco,on Wednesdaymorning.SolemnRequiemMasswascelebratedfor thereposeofhissoulby theRev.FatherF.O'Connor,assistedbyRev.Fathers DePiazzi(deacon)andLeech (sub-deacon).HisGracethe Archbishoppresidedatthe Mass,assistedbyRt.Rev.MonsignoriMossandMcMahon.Rt. Rev.MonsignorE.Kennedy wasassistantpriest,andRt.Rev. MonsignorL.Goodymasterof ceremonies.Theceremonies werefaultlesslycarriedoutby thestudentsofSt.Charles'ProvincialSeminary.HisGrace gavetheAbsolutionandread theprayersatthegraveside.

Rev.FatherB.GallagherrepresentedDr.A.Gummer,BishopofGeraldton,andmorethan eightypriests(Diocesanand Regular)werepresentatthe Massandfuneral.RepresentativesofallthereligiousOrdersandCongregationswere present,bearingeloquenttestimonyoftheaffectionandvenerationinwhichthedeceased Prelatewasheld.

Miners'Mass

At5.30everymorningblackfacedminersstraightoffthe nightshiftandothersaboutto beginworkinthepits,maybe seenenteringtheBlessedEnglishMartyrs'Church,Haydock, forConfessionandHolyCommunion.

From5.30until9a.m.the priestsofthisLancashiremining parishsitintheirconfessionals orareatthealtarrail&

Theparishpriest-abombardierinthefirstWorldWarand akeenstudentofpsychologystartedtheschemesixyearsago duringtheWeekofPrayerfor analliedvictory.Hearranged allthatweekforconfessionsand HolyCommunionfrom4until 9eachmorning.

Thenightshiftcomingup fromthepit-theirfacesso blackthattheywerehardlyrecognisable,andintheirclogs (therewerenopitheadbaths then)-camestraighttothe church.Thedayshiftcamefor confessionapedHolyCommunionbeforetheywentdownthe pit.AnA.R.P.watcherlitthe boilerandfourwomenofthe parishcametothepresbytery andpreparedtea,coffeeandsandwiches.Duringtheweekconfessionsaveraged200adayand

60breakfastswereservedeach morning. Forsixyearsayoungwoman inchargeofthepitheadcanteen receivedHolyCommunionevery week-daymorningat5.30.She thenwenthomeforbreakfast andanhour'shouseworkforher invalidmotherbeforereporting forworkat7.

ThemonthlyHolyCommunions haveincreasedtenfoldduring thisperiod. AndnowtheYoungChristian WorkerboysofanotherLancashireminingparish,St.Anne's, Sutton,arehopingthatitwill soonbepossibleforthem,too, tohavedailyconfessionsand HolyCommunionfrom5.30am. until9.AreportontheHaydockparishfiredtheboys'imagination.Ayoung'fireman, oneoftheY.C.W.section'stwo founders,andtwopit-boybrothers,broughtthematterupat theirsectionmeeting.They foundthatthereareplentyof otherboysandgirlswhowould welcometheopportunityofreceivingthesacramentsasthey comeoffnightdutyorbeforegoingonearlyshiftinthemines, Tlassworks,factories,andrailways.

Tohisbereavedsister,Miss MargaretFagan,ofDublin,"The Record"extendsitsdeepestsympathy.

Amongthosepresentatthe gravesidewerethefollowing: Messrs.T.Burke,M.H.R.;W. IvanKeogh(H.A.C.B.S.),J.J. Edwards(W.A.C.L.T.A.),H.S. Moir(H.A.C.B.S.),J.FLBourke (H.N.S.),B.L.Ryan(H.N.S.), J.McIntyre(H.N.S.),F.Connaughton,AlexRodereda,Luke Doyle,V.J.Crock,T.Ahern,E. LeB.Henderson,R.H.Chapman,M.McCusker,J.Flaherty, P.J.Duffy,A.B.Smith,J.L. Sanderson,T.J.Daly,W.Donohoe,F.Bell,T.Kinsella,M.Conway,D.Gallagher,J.Cullaghan, F.Beagan,P.Giles,HughTongelfinger,M.Cranley,T.B.Cain, C.O'Farrell,T.Cranley,H.V. Crock,G.Marchioro,B.O'Leary, B.Perrott,R.Rooke,J.Scott,F. W.Boland,M.Healy,A.O'Con nor,T.O'Connor,I.Parsley,J. R.Campbell,J.Healy,J.Bulbeck,E.T.Creed,F.Jones,R. Foss,J.Fenton,T.J.Brown,M. O'Connor,P.Leen,M.P.Cogan, E.Kelly,P.Maschmedt,E. Walker,G.W.Somers,M.Moloney,G.Furlong,J.McNamara, J.Kinsella,C.Cogan,G.Cogan, F.Moylan,J.M. Larshy, F.P.Cawley,A.V.McConvillT.Gilfuis,K.A.Gardner,R.Gardner,E.Flanagan,C.

1)! 6914,4,

Kinsella;Mr.andMrs.J.Daly, Mr.andMrs.T.Carey,Mr.and Mrs.E.J.O'Brien,Mr.andMrs. A.R.Pownall;MesdamesF. Cunningham,McCarthy,K.Fenton,N.Dwyer,Marchioro,D. Cantwell,K.Simmons(H.A.C.B.S.),M.Ryan,M.Murphy,S. McKenzie,E.Morris,J.P.Sullivan,Benns,Rodereda,G.Med-

demmen,F.Sullivan,G.Watts, F.Phillips,G.Rigby,A.Beaton, D.Woodings,N.Higgins,F.J. Casey,M.Dore;MissesM.Cantwell,V.Bell,C.Milner,N.Slattery,E.Slattery,I.Myth,J. Scully,L.Hansen,K.McGovern, Mulvale,E.Dore,M.Fitzpatrick, M.Woodings,M.Higgins,S.McDermott.

Y.C.W.-N.C.G.M.Day

Conference

LEEDERVILLE,SUNDAY,AUGUST24.

St.Mary'sParish,Leederville,wasthesceneofacombinedRallyofthetwoYouthMovementsonSundaylast. Adayofbrilliantsunshinewasafittingoccasionforone ofthemostsuccessfulfunctionsyetheldbyourMovements. Twohundredandsixtymembersattended,andthediscussionswereremarkableforinterestandenthusiasm.The executivesofbothMovementshaveeveryreasontobesatisfiedwiththesuccessofthetwoConferencesheldalready andwillbeencouragedtocontinuewiththisformofactivity.

CONFERENCEPROGRAMME.

DialogueMatscommencedat 10.30a.m.inSt.Mary'sChurch. ThecelebrantwastheRev.M.K. Duffy,whoisChaplainofthe LeedervilleN.C.G.M.

Thefirsttalkofthedaywas givenbyRev.J.Depiazzi,on "TheRoleoftheVirtueofCharityinCatholicAction."Groups .werethenformedtodiscussthe subjectfurther. At12.30theConferenceadjournedforlunch,toresumeat 2p.m. Inhistalkon"TheTeamsSysteminCatholicAction,"Roger Ryanpointedoutthevalueof thissystemintheworkofcontactandinfluenceintheMovements.Thisprovedaninterestingsubjectfordiscussionin theGroups,andmanypointsin theworkingofthesystemwere madequiteclear.Themostoutstandingfeatureofthediscussionswastheablemannerin whichthediscussiongroupleaderspresentedthefindingsofthe variousgroups,andtheinterest shownbyallinthesummingup. Ageneralsessionwasthen conductedbyTerryDaly,and severalmattersofimportance werediscussedandquestionsanswered.

At4.30everyonereturnedto theChurchforDevotions.After therecitaloftheRosary,abadgetakingceremonywasheldforthe Leedervillebranchesofboth Movements.Rev.E.Sullivan, theDiocesanChaplain,preached aninspiringandbeautifulsermon.Thiswasfollowedby BenedictionoftheBlessedSacrament,atwhichthehymnswere sungbyallpresent.

Ourgratefulthanksaredueto MonsignorMoloney,forpermittingustoholdtheConferencein theLeedervilleParish;toDr. Sullivan,whoactedasChairman fortheentireConference;to FatherDepiazzi,andtoFathers O'DwyerandDuffy.Alsoall theotherpriests,whohonoured uswiththeirpresence.We wouldalsoliketoexpress, throughthiscolumn,ourappreciationofthehospitalityofthe LeedervillebranchesoftheMovements,whoentertainedthevisitorsintheirownhomesfortea andatthesocialanddanceinthe hallafterwards.Thespiritof theday'sConferencewasagain presentinthesocialatmosphere oftheevening,whenapproximatelyfourhundredyouthmem-bersweretheguestsoftheLeedervilleMovements.

ThecortegeonthepointofdeparturefromSt.Joseph'sChurch, Subiaco,totheKarrakattaCemetery.

H.A.C.B.S.

AnnualRetreats.

Allmembersareremindedof theannualRetreks,whichare beingheldonSaturdayandSunday,September6and7,formen attheRedemptoristMonastery, andforladiesattheSacred HeartConvent.Namesofthose attendingmaybenotifieddirect totheDistrictOffice,fromwhere fullparticularsmayalsobeobtained.TelephoneB7510.

DistrictBoardActivities.

SincethelastreporttheDistrictBoardhascarriedoutthe

followingfurthervisitstometropolitanbranches: August6,St.Malachi'sbranch, Highgate,andAugust18,St. Patrick'sbranch,Perth.

Thesevisitswereverysatisfactoryfromthepointofview oftheBoardandthebranch.The followingbrancheswillbevisitedbytheDistrictBoardduring September:

HolyRosarybranchFriday, September5;St.Mary'sbranch, Leederville,Wednesday,September24;andSt.Columba'sbranch, Tuesday,September30.These visitswillconcludetheseriesfor thisyear,andtheBoarddesires

GrocerySpecials AT

CHARLIECARTER'S *J*

Savingmoneyonyourgroceriesisanadvantageyoucan'tignore, asitmeanswhatyousaveisavailableforotherthingsyoumay wishtobuyand,afterall,there'snogoodreasontopaymorefor anythingthanyoureallyhaveto.Forinstance,atCharlieCarter'sSelfServiceCountersyoucanbuythisweek:-

16oz.TinsPlaistowe'sPeas 1/2}tin

306z.TinsPlums 1/4tin

TinsKreametterCondensedMilk 9d.tin 71b.BagsCharlieCarter'sSelfRaisingFlour 1/8bag. ***

CHARLIECARTER'SAREWESTRALIA'SLEADINGGROCERS

WHITETABLEWINES

witii4A,A0Aot

THEHOUSEOFSEPPELT Onelama),..Onetraditionfornearlyzooyears

afullattendanceofmemberson theabovedates.

ProposedNewBranchatClaremont.

Forseveralmonthsintenseac ,ivityhastakenplaceinthearangementsforabranchofthe SocietyatClaremont.Arrangementsarenowinhandforthe holdingoftheinauguralmeeting ifpossibleearlyinSeptember. Prospectivemembersconcerned willbeinformeddirect.

OurLadyHelpofChristians' Branch.

On19th.inst.,therewasa verygoodattendanceatour meeting.WeallwishBro. Quinlivanaspeedyrecoveryto health.Anappealwasmadeto memberstoattendthemen'sand ladiesRetreats,tobeheldon SaturdayandSunday,September 6and7.

Tabletennisandquoitswere playedagainstSt.Anthony'son 13th.inst.,andresultedinawits forNo.2team.

Sr.Riviwasdulyinitiatedand welcomedbySr.President.

DuringtheeveningSr.Presidentwelcomedbacktoourranks Bro.RiviandBro.J.Williams andhiswife.AsBro.Williams hadjustrecentlybeenmarried, thebranchofferedthehappy couplecongratulations,anda smalltokenofesteem.

St.Mary'sandSt.Columba's brancheswillbevisitingfortable tennisandquoits.Luckyseat waswonbyBro.Rivi.After themeetingourNo.2badminton teamengagedSt.Mary'sNo.2. Thelatterwonconvincingly.

StaroftheSeaBranch,Fremantle.

Therewasagoodattendance atourlastmeeting.Mr.P.H. Cusackwaswelcomedtothesociety.Membersweredisturbed overthelimitationplacedbydoctorsonamember'searningcapacity.TheChaplainofour branch,FatherByrne,whowas seniorChaplainofthefamous 9th.Division,gavemembersa fewofthehighlightsofhis militarycareer.AsthePresidentsaid,inthankingFather Byrneforhisvastlyinteresting andhumouroustalk,wesawthe MissionsinNewGuineaand Malayainanentirelynewand personalaspect.

St.Brigid'sBranch,West'Perth.

Atawellattendedmeeting, heldon18th.inst.,mattersrelativetotheannualRetreatsfor menandwomenattheRedemptoristMonasteryandSacred HeartConvent,respectively,on September6and7,wereattendedto,anditishopedthatthe branchwillbewellrepresented. Arrangementsweremadefor tabletennisandquoitsmatches againstSt.Anthony'sbranchon September1,andagoodattendanceisdesired.

St.Malachi'sBranch,Highgate.

Atthemeetingon20th.inst., onenewmortuarybenefitmemberwasadmitted.Acordial welcomewasextendedtomembersofHelpofChristians' branch,whowerepresenttoplay tabletennisandquoitsmatches.

Arrangementsweremadefor tabletennisandquoitsteamsto playSt.Anthony'sbranchat MidlandJunctiononSeptember 10.

St.Joachim'sBranch.

Thepresident,Bro..P.Travers, presidedoveragoodattendance ofmembersatthemeetingsin August.Thesadnewsofthe suddendeathofBro.J.Sullivan cameasagreatshock,andwill bereceivedwithverydeepregretbyallmembersofthesociety.Weextendoursincere sympathytohiswifeandchildrenintheirsadloss.Mass forthehappyreposeofhissoul willbesaidduringtheweekon behalfofthebranch.R.I.P.

Weareverypleasedtoreport agoodattendanceofmembersat thebranch'squarterlyCommunion.

Onournextmeetingnight, September4,weareathometo StaroftheSeabranch,and membersareremindeditwillbe poundnight.

(ContinuedonPage14.)

THELATEJOHNARTHUR (JACK)SULLIVAN.

Agreatshockwasfeltbythe manyfriendsofJohnArthur (Jack)Sullivan,of26Templestreet,VictoriaPark,whopassed awaysuddenlytohiseternalrewardonAugust23,1947.

ThelateMr.Sullivanwasborn atBallarat,Victoria,onDecember9,1880,andcametoW.A. about40yearsago.In1910he joinedtheP.M.G.'sDepartment, andafterservinginseveral countrycentreshewaspromoted tolinesforeman.HewastransferredtoVictoriaParkin1935, andretiredfromtheservice abouttwoyearsago.Whilein theservicehemademanyfriends inallpartsoftheState.He wasareturnedsoldier,having servedinthe6th.Brigade, A.F.A.,inthefirstWorldWar.

EverinterestedinallCatholic activities,hetookaprominent partintheH.N.S.St.Vincentde Paul,andthe He waseversolicitousoftheneeds ofthoseabouthim,andmany willrememberhiskindactsof charity.Heissurvivedbyhis wife,fourdaughters,andtwo sons.

ARequiemMassforthehappy reposeofhissoulwascelebrated atSt.Joachim'sChurch,Victoria Park,bytheRev.FatherO'Reilly,attendedbyalargegathering ofparishioners,amongstwhom weretheRev.FathersA.Kelly, S.J.,O'Neil,S.J.,O'Connor,and Moffatt.

Theintermenttookplaceat theKarrakattaCemetery,where theprayersattkegraveside wererecitedbytheRev.Father O'Reilly,assistedbyRev.Fathers McCaulandMoffatt.Thechief mournerswere:John(son),

Mr.andMrs.Boylenandson,F. Hanson,H.Love,andT.Jordan.

Thepall-bearerswere:Mr. H.Holdman(P.M.G.Dept.),Mr. Kelly-Williams(P.M.G.Dept.),

Mr.F.Hill(FriendlySociety),

Mr.J.Firth(President,H.N.S.), Mr.P.Reidy(H.N.S.andS. VincentdePaul),Mr.E.Farmer (H.N.S.andLegionofMary).

Amongstthoseatthegrave sidewere:Mr.andMrs.P.W. Quinn,Mr.andMrs.F.Craig, Mrs.O'Brien,Mr.M.Korbosky, Mrs.B.O'Reilly,Mrs.D.M.Rosser,Mrs.Patience,Mrs.P.Engelbrecht,Mrs.Capstick,Mr.V. Looney,MissM.Fitzpatrick, Mrs.J.Kelly,Mr.F.Murphy, PatTwomey,MarieHales,Yrs. C.McGuire,Messrs.R.Mundy, P.H.Gully,McCusker,'W.Houston,M.Dunn,J.P.Kenny,E. Woodford,E.Smalpage,A.R. Dourlas,J.Jones,B.Rosser,A Chapman,W.A.Both,J.Tondut,W.Parry,junr.,K.Tondut, F.Knight,J.Colbert,D.Clement,K.Heenan,T.Murphy,W. Morgan,C.Baker,T.Linto,R. Gunning,J.Bradley,L.Stewart, F.Willcocks,R.Henderson,F. Carter,T.Kilmartin,L.McGovern,C.V.Hunt,S.P.Harvey, J.P.,J.Harvey,R.Pedler,A Bowra,D.Flemming,J.Gregson, W.Korbosky,E.B.Smalpage, C.Hastie,L.Hall,W.McGee,M. Ryan,E.Brady,P.Hackett,A. Tappet,J.McDonald,J.Savage, P.Engelbrecht,W.Parry,senr., G.Fitzsimons,G.E.Parry,A. Parker,W.Hunter,J.Sykes,J. Finnegan,D.Heenan,J.Daly, J.E.Tondut,E.Paterson,M. Coughlin,R.Buck,S.Blechynden,J.Marshall,R.Jones,A. Myers,E.Kneller,J.Butler,C. Rowe,G.Taylor. Thefuneralarrangementswere carriedoutbyMessrs.Bowraand O'Dea.

014 DEATHS 44

DORE.-OnAugust23,1947,at hisresidence,7Hutt-street, Mt.Lawley,JohnEdward, dearlybelovedhusbandof Mary,andlovingfatherof Eileen,Veronica(Mrs.R. Foss,Ardath),Mary,Sheila (Mrs.G.Bendall),John(deceased),Ted(deceased),and Winifred(Mrs.L.Conroy). 0,SacredHeartofJesus,have mercyonhissoul.R.I.P.

DORE.-Ofyourcharity,pray forthereposeofthesoulof JohnEdwardDore,whopassed awayAugust23rd.,1947. -Insertedbymembersof HighgateY.C.W.andN.C.G.M.

SHANAFIAN.-Ofyourcharity, prayforthereposeofthesoul ofThomasAugustShanahan, dearlybelovedeldestsonof JamesandAmyShanahan, fondbrotherofMollie(Mrs. H.Dunn,Kalgorlie),Kathleen (Mrs.B.Cronin,Shenton Park),andLt.-Col.P.M.Shanahan,ontroopshipserviceoverseas,departedthislife28th. July,1947;age39years. Mayhissoulrestinpeace.

014INMEMORIAM40

DOWLING,Thomas.-Ofyour charity,prayforthereposeof thesoulofThomasDowling, diedAugust27,1945. Myonlycomfortnowisthathe diedashelived,inthefriendshipofhisGod. SacredHeartofJesus,Iplace mytrustinThee.

-Inserted.byhislovingwife, Lena.

KINGDON,Agnes.-Inloving memoryofourdearmother, whopassedawaySeptember 4,1941. Prayforher.

-Insertedbyherlovingson anddaughter-in-law,Jackand Connie.

BEREAVEMENTNOTICE.

Shanahan.-Mr.andMrs.Jas. Shanahan,of2William-street, Subiaco,andfamily,desireto thankallkindfriendsandrelativesforthebeautifulfloral tributes,telegrams,cards,letters,andpersonalexpressionsofsympathyintherecentsadlossoftheirdearlylovedeldestsonandbrother(Thos. A.Shanahan).Willallthose kindpeoplepleaseacceptthis announcementasapersonalexpressionofsinceregratitude.

SITUATIONVACANT.

Wantedgirlfordomesticdutiesindoctor'shome;knowledge ofcookinganadvantage.Apply byletter,withreferences. E.W.B.,thisoffice.

HOUSEWANTED.

Wantedhouse,Rockingham, Kwinana,SafetyBay,orPalm Beach,forthreeweeksinJanuary.ReplyJ.C.,thisoffice.

FOR,SALE. ChoiceChrysanthemums,from, prize-winningstock;earlySep- temberonward;10s.dozen. Dahliatubers;goodcutflowers; 6s.dozen.W.Rogers,Serpentine.

LORETOPASTPUPILS' ANNUALBALL, tobeheldatthe LADYONSLOWHALL, THURSDAY,SEPT.4,1947, at8p.m. 15s.6d.DoubleTicket. Secretary,'phoneWM1218,

CATHOLICIMMIGRATION

ACCOMMODATIONWANTED.

Accommodationrequiredfor youngmen,withprivatefamiliesorboardinghouses;full boardorbedandbreakfast; urgent;vicinityWestPerthor Subiaco. Alsoonemarriedcouple. RingB3338.

CATHOLICIMMIGRATIONASSOCIATION, 62St.George'sTerrace,Perth.

THERECORD

PERTH,THURSDAY,AUGUST28,1947.

SHOULDEXTERNALEXAMSBEABOLISHED?

AccreditingfortheJuniorCertificate,underthesupervisionofspeciallyappointedofficers)asanalternativeto externalexaminations,wasarecommendationacceptedby theannualconferenceoftheStateSchoolTeachers'Union duringtheweek.Ithasbeenforyearsthesubjecto, discussioninmanyothercountries,butthereisstillnodecidedmajorityopinioninfavouroftheabolitionofexternalexaminations,becausensibodyhasyetbeenabletoadvanceareasonablesubstitutefortheassessmentofmentalocapacity.Inviewoftheneedforsomerecognised standardofeducationalattainment,itisclearthatthesystemofexternalexaminations,withallitsdefects.hasthe advantageoverthecomplicatedandvariableproposalsbasedonschoolrecordsandinternalexaminations.This considerationhasspecialforceinthisState.whereasparse population,vastdistances,andlimitedstaffsandequipmentmilitateagainstourschoolsbeingconductedasfrill andself-containedscholasticunits.Theintroductionof anAccreditingSysteminsuchcircumstanceswouldbe boundtoleadtoconfusingdifferencesineducationalstandards.

Furthermore,asscholarships,bursaries,andexhibitionsareawarded,andadmissionintotheclericalandprofessionaldivisionsofthePublicServiceandotheradministrativederartmentsaredecided,atthepresenttime,by competitivetests,anynotablealterationinthecommon standardwouldsurelyleadtoinjusticesandprejudicethe futureprospectsofmanystudents.Itisdifficulttoenvisageamorejustanddemocraticmethodthanthepresent publiccompetitiveexaminationsasanentrancequalificationforpublicpositions.Thatisnottosaythatthepresentexaminationsystemcouldnotbemodifiedandimprovedbyclosercooperationandunderstandingbetween theexaminingbodiesandtheschools,northatcertain typesofself-containedschoolsincitiesandlargeprovincialtownswouldnotbenefitbyasystemofinternalexaminatons.Butbyandlarge,thesecondaryschoolswhose pupilscompeteforpublicpositions,orwhopassontoUniversitiesorotherinstitutions,arebestservedbythepresentsystem,whichhowever,isamenabletoconsiderable improvement.Itisdemocraticandimpartialtobothstudentsandparents,itmaybeasfreeandcomprehensiveas theUniversityauthoritiescaretomakeit,itinspirespub,lieconfidenceinmaintainingrecognisedstandards,and guaranteeingadefinitemeasureofattainment.Byremovingallpossibilityoffavouritism,itoffersthebestand fairestmethodofselectingcandidatesforpublicpositions.

Inthefieldofpracticalexperience,CatholicshaveunhappyrecollectionsofAccreditingexperiments.Itwillbe recalledthatin1939theTasmanianGovernmentsetupthe accreditingsystemtooperateinthesecondaryschoolsof Tasmania.AtthetimeitwasarrangedthattheCatholic schoolsshouldjointheDepartmentalschoolsasaunitin thesystem.Itwasfurtheragreedthattheyshouldberepresentedonthecontrollingboardandintheworkofinspection.AssuranceswerealsoreceivedfromtheGovernmentthattheinterestsoftheCatholicschoolswouldbe protectedasthiseducationalexperimentwasbeingtested inTasmania.OntheTasmanianSchools'Board,which 4 wassetupinJanuary,1939,toadministertheworkofaccrediting,Catholicsweregivenaminorityrepresentation, andprospectsofharmoniousco-operationseemedquite hopeful.InFebruary,however,amotioncamebefore theBoardwhich,ifpassed,wouldhavebeenagraveblow attheessentiallibertiesoftheCatholicschools.This motionproposedthattheTasmanianSchools'Boardshould beacceptedbytheschoolapplyingforregistrationasthe oneandonlyauthorityissuingcertificatestoallpupilsof thatschoolduringtheirsecondarycourse.TheArchbis. hopofHobartatthetime(MostRev.Dr.J.Simonds) informedtheDirectorofEducationthathewasunableto acceptthepositionwhichwouldresultfromtheenforcementofthisregulation.HepointedoutthatCatholics hadpurchased,ataveryheavyprice,thelibertytoconduct theirownschoolsintheinterestsoftheparentsandinaccordancewiththeirwishes.

Theregulationinquestionwoaddeprivetheteachers inCatholicschoolsoftherightstopreparetheirpupilsfor anypublicexaminationdesiredbytheparents.Many parentsweredesirousthattheirchildrenshouldbepreparedforthepublicexaminationwhichhadbeensubstitutedfortheintermediate.ThedepartmentalrepresentativesontheBoardwereequallyinsistentthattheregulationshouldbeenforced,andthemotionwasdulycarried atthenextmeetingoftheBoard.Asaconsequence,the Catholicschoolswereforcedtodecidewhethertheywould withdrawfromtheAccreditingSystemaltogether,oracceptdepartmentalregulations,whichwoulddemandthe sacrificeoftheirdearlyboughtfreedom.TheArchbishopdecidedontheformercourse,andgavenoticeofthe decisiontothoseconcerned.Thisisinthenatureofa precedent,sinceTasmaniahasbeenthefirsttestingground ofthesystem,andifitprovessuccessfulthereitwilldoubtlessbeintroducedintotheotherStates.Inthiseventuality weshallhavetoexaminewhetheritthreatensourCatholicschoolsinthesamewayasitdidinTasmania.

EXPOSITION!

HaveyouvisitedOurLord onaTuesdayatthelittle chapelintheschoolgrounds atVictoriaSquare?Heis waitingforyouthereeach Tuesdayfrom8a.m.Mass inthemorninguntilBenedictionintheeveningat 5.15p.m. Businessgirls,bringyour lunchandeatitinthe spaciousgrounds. ConductedbyThirdOrderof St.Francis.

TOTHEEDITOR

Sir,-Iwouldliketolodgea protestagainstthearticleheaded"NationalisationofBanking" ("Record,"Aug.21),writtenby FrancisGilbert.I'venodoubt thatMr.Gilbert'sintentionsare good,butCatholicsdon'tneed theirmindsmadeupforthemon acontroversialtopicofthis nature;inanycaseMr.Gilbert seemstolackconvictioninmakinguphisownmind.

Thereisnoreason,hetellsus, whytheStateshouldnotresume itslegitimatefunctionintheisauanceandcontrolofcurrency andcredit.Bythesamecriterion,thereisnoreasonwhythe privatetradingbanksshouldnot beallowedtocontinue.Thepublicisfreetodealexclusively withtheCommonwealthBank, of,ifitsodesires,withaprivate bank.TheGovernmentintends todoawaywiththisfreechoice andsetupabankingmonopoly.

ThecriticismconcerningMr. MenziesandtheB.H.P.reads morelikeanextractfromaCommunistpublicationthan"TheRecord."AsamanwithAustralia'sinterestsatheart,andasa swornenemyofCommunism,I shouldhavethoughtMr.Menzies wouldhavefoundinF.G.afriend ratherthanacritic.

F.G.'sattempttoreconcilethe nationalisationschemewithCatholicsocialteachingsisbased onvaguegeneralisations.CertainlyArchbishopDuhig,ofEris bane,hasvoicedhisdisapproval ofthissocialisationventure. WhatinGod'snameareptheprivatebankingcompaniesandtheir shareholdersdoingtodetract fromtheexistenceofajust wageandajustprice?Byprovidinghealthycompetition,and bypreventingthepublicbeing whollydependentontheGovernment'swhimsandhand-outs, theydomoreforajustwage andpricethanaGovernmentfinancialmonopolyevercould!

Further,heisnotinfavourof theGovernment'sattempttosocialisetheAirwaysandMedicine,yetwithcontrolofpublic financethesethingswouldcome aboutautomatically.Neither,we aretold,shouldthecontrolof creditbewithinthecapriceof individuals.WithaGovernmentmonopoly,andtheTreasurerbeingabletodirecttheGovernoroftheBank,controlofcreditwouldbeinthehandsofnot individualsbutoneindividualto dictateasheseesfit.

Theexpansionofcreditand itsincreaseinthecostofcommoditieswitharesultantlowering ofthestandardofliving,hasnot shownitselftohaveanyparticularmerits.Whyblametherural foreclosuressolelyontheprivate banks?Wouldn'ttheGovern. mentbeforcedtoactinthesame wayinafinancialdepression? Further.coulditbesaidtruthfullythatfarmerswouldfareany betterunderaGovernmentbankingmonopolyofthistypeinlike circumstances?I,alongwith quiteafewothers,don'tthink so!-Yours,etc., R.A.COTTON.

DOMINICANEX-STUDENTS' REUNION. tobeheldat WOODSTREET, BEDFORDPARK, SUNDAY,AUGUST31st.

BusesleaveStirlingStreetat 2.20and3p.m.

Archbishop'sEngagements

August31-St.Mary's,Kalgoorlie: 7a.m.:CelebrateMass.

10a.m.:PresideSolemnHigh Mass.

5p.m.:AttendHolyName Rally,inSt.Mary'sHall. 7.30p.m.:Confirmationand CanonicalVisitation.

September1: 7.30p.m.:InaugurateN.C.G.M. atKalgoorlie.

September8: 8a.m.:ProfessionCeremony, SistersofMercyNovitiate, VictoriaSquare.

September10: 7.15a.m.:ReceptionCeremony, St.JohnofGodNovitiate,Subiaco.

September13: 9a.m.:MassatYorkrakine.

September14: ConfirmationandCanonical Visitation,St.Joseph'sChurch, Kellerberrin. 8a.m:MassatKellerberrin. 3p.m.:Confirmation,Kellerberrin.

September18: 7p.m.:ConfirmationatSt. Joseph'sChurch,Albany.

September19: 9p.m.:Receivedebutantesat CatholicBalll,MountBarker

September21: 7.30p.m.:Confirmationand CanonicalVisitationatSt. Mary'sChurch,Leederville.

September22-26: SeniorPriests'Retreat,RedemptoristMonastery,North Perth.

September28: 10a.m.:ConfirmationandCanonicalVisitation,atSt.Jerome'sChurch,Spearwood. 3.30p.m.:AttendAnnualProcessionoftheBlessedSacrament,attheConventofthe GoodShepherd,Leederville.

September29: 7.30p.m.:Confirmationand CanonicalVisitation,atChurch ofImmaculateConception,Dardanup.

September30: 7.30p.m.:Confirmationand CanonicalVisitation,atSt. Patrick's,Church,Bunbury.

October1: 9p.m.:Receivedebutantes,at CatholicBall,Bunbury.

LEGION OFMARY

BankofN.S.W.Chambers, 65St.George'sTerrace,

Exposition: ExpositionoftheBlessedSacramentwillbeheldintheLegion ofMaryChapeleveryThursday attheaboveaddress.Acordialinvitationisextendedtoall Legionaries,bothactiveandauxiliary,andtotheCatholicpeopleingeneral,topayavisitduringtheday.Expositionwill commenceafterHolyMass, whichiscelebratedat7.45a.m., andconcludewithBenedictionat 5.20p.m.

Rosary: TheRosaryisrecitedpublicly eachdayintheChapelat12.40 p.m.andagainat1.30p.m.Make apracticeofvisitingtheChapel fortherecitationofyourdaily Rosary.

LuncheonRooms: Theluncheonroomsareopen eachdaybetween12noonand2 p.m.Acupofteaisobtainableatthesmallcostof2d.This serviceisavailabletoall,and businessgirlsareespeciallyinvitedtospendtheirlunchhour inthehappyinvironmentofthe rooms.

4

6-BUTTON

CheckYourApproachtothe SocialJusticeStatement

NotforCatholicsAlone

ElevenBishopswillsignthisYear'sSocialJusticeStatement, "PeaceinIndustry,"whichwillbeissuedtothenation,andnotto Catholicsalone,onSunday,September7next.Yetit'sasafe betthat,withfewexceptions,distributorshavemadenoplansto placecopiesinthehandsofnon-CatholicsaswellasCatholics.

Amongthethingsconnected withthisobservancethereisthe saleorpamphletsintheparishes containingtheofficialstatement oftileAustralianHierarchyon theoutstandinglyimportant themeof"PeaceinIndustry"whatisneededtoachieveit,the disruptiveforceswhichthreaten it,thepartthatallCatnolics shouldplayinsafeguardingit.

Itisoftensuggestedthatsuch Statemeitsarenotwidelyread, becausethemajorityofCatholicsarenotinterestedinSocial Doctrine.ifthatbetrue,so muchtheworse.Butanyone whoisnotsufficientlyinterested tounderstand,atleastinitsessentials,thetrendofsocialdevelopmentinAustralia,andthe needofmenofgoodwilltoinfluenceitintherightdirection,is livinginafool'sparadise.He maybepreparedtosufferbravelyforhisprinciplesintheend; butitwouldbemoreintelligent tolearnnowexactlyhowthey applytopresent-daysocialconditions.AndwhentheBishops oftheChurchteachusauthoritativelyhowtheydoapplyin Australianlife,thenitisour dutytopayheedtotheirteaching.

Inpastyearsfouroutofevery fiveadultsinthiscountryhave hadtorelyonsomesixtoeight inchesonaninnerpageoftheir dailynewspaperforalltheirinformationabouttheseStatements,andcannotbeblamedfor payingscantheedtothem.Catholicscannotblamethenewspapers;theycanonlyblame themselvesasitiswithintheir powertoovercomethishandi-

AGOODSELECTION Of FOLINTAI NPENS

PROPELLING PENCILS

cap.Morethaneverbeforethey mustdosomethingtogetChristianprinciples"across"totheir fellowcountrymen,including manyCatholicemployersand employees.Thereforedistributorshavethespecialdutyof usingeverymethodavailablefor achievingthisend.

Thenonetooarduoustaskof sellingStatementsintheChurch grounds,nodoubt,willform,as inpastyears,themajoractivity ofdistributorsandtheirassistantspressedintoserviceforthis specialoccasion.Nodoubt,too, thefactthatelevenBishopsput theirnamestotheStatementwill meanthatsaleswillbeasgood aslastyear,and,perhaps,alittlebetter.Yetthatisonlythe firstpartofthejob.Themore

difficulttaskstillawaitsattention.

GettingitAcross.

Therearemanyschemesfor bringingCatholicpublications beforeournon-Catholicbrethren. ltight-mindedCatholicemployers couldfinancedecentadvertisementsinthedailypressand overtheradio,or,betterstill, giveacopytoeveryoneoftheir employees.Theiroppositenumbers,theCatholicemployees, couldbejustaszealousinhandingcopiestotheirworkmates andseeingtoitthatthebossgot hiscopy.There'snothingsectarianinthisyear'sStatement tobefrightenedof;there'splenty thatthiscountryneedsandneeds prettybadlyifitisevergoing teturnthecornerto.decent Christianliving.

Easiertohandleandnotso ambitiousaresuchsimple schemesasorganised"Throwaway"schemeswherebycopies areleftbehindinpublicconveyances,ontheatreseats,incafes, onthebenchesortablesatwork ortheoffice.Don'tfloodany

FamousPhysiciansandSurgeons toCertifyLourdeslases

Thecommitteeiscomprisedof famousphysiciansandsurgeons, ofmembersoftheFrenchAcademyofMedicineandProfessors oftheFacultiesofMedicineof Paris,Lyons,Lille,Bordeaux, Montpelier,adToulouse.Among theseareProfessorLaignel-laVastine,andthemosteminent neurologistsandpsychologistsof theday.TheSecretary-GeneraloftheInternationalSociety oftheHistoryofMedicineis alsoonthecommittee. Sincethebeginning-it isnotnecessarytorecalltne visionsseenbyBernadette-extraordinarycasesofhealing markedthefirstpilgrimagesto thegrotto.

Suchcures,whichhavebecomemorefrequent,haveledto thecreationofthecommitteeof medicalresearchinLourdes, whichembracesalldoctorswho areinterested,whethersceptical ornot,andprovidesadoublerecordforeachcase.

(1)Thehistoryoftheillness, withitshereditaryandpersonal characteristics,aswellasthe courseofthedisease.

(2)Anaccountofthecureby variouswitnesses,withcertiticotes,analysis,andX-rays.

SecondExamination.

Afterthecompletionofthis doubledosser,whichconstitutes the"firstexamination,"thesecondexaminationtakesplace,usuallyattheendofayearandalwaysatLourdes.Thisexaminationresultsinadefinitedecisionastowhetherornotthe curehasbeeneffected.Areportismadeofallthedetails andsignedbythedoctors.After this,themedicalexpertsreply tothefourfollowingquestions:

(a)Didtheillness,asdescribedinthecertificates,reallyexist?

(b)Hastherebeenacure?

(c)Weretheredelaysinthe completionofthecure?

(d)Canthecurebeattributed tonaturalcauses?

AllYearRound.

Since1927,theresearchwork ofthecommitteehascontinued, notonlyduringtheseasonofthe pilgrimages,butthroughoutthe year.Thelastchief,Dr.Vallet,whowasnicknamedthe "notaryoftheeventsofLourdes,"declaredthatheknewofno typeofmaladywhichhadnot beencured.

Thenewregime,established byMgr.Thas,doesnotintend tocreateadifferentorganisation, fortherewasnocriticismofthe integrityoftheoldformofcontrol.Ithasbeensetuptoassurethesamecontrolonamore technicalbasis,andtoacquirea newprestigebytheregularcollaborationofcelebratedscientists.

Confirmation.

Infuture,themedicalcommitteewillputthesigna'ureof famousscientistsatthefootof thetworecords,thatoftheillnessandofthecure.Theologianswilltheninterpretthe event,andassoonasitisconfirmedthefaithfulwillbeable tohonouradivineintervention.

"CROXLEY" FOUNTAINPENS,lever-filling,withfine,medium orbroadnib.Goldpocketclip.37/-

PROPELLING PENCILS,"VeeJay"make. Silver-plated.23/6.

SILVER-PLATEDPROPELLINGPENCILS,in roundshape.39/6.

'LIFE-LONG"GOLDPLATED,PROPELLING PENCILS.49/6.

ROANSGROUND FLOOR, 'MURRAYST.END.

LAY-BY, IFYOUWISH.

oneplace,justanoddcopyasif ithadbeenforgotten.Thena smallgroupcouldmakealist ofinfluentialemployersandemployeesintheirdistrictandmail themeachacopyordelivera copyattheirhomes.Moredaringspiritscouldevenattempt streetsalesonbusycorners.

Thesimplearithmeticofthe thingisthatevenwithsales amountingtoroundthe200,000 markinthepast,theStatements haven'tbeenreachingtheAustralianpeopleandtheirurgent messageshavebeenlostfor many.AustralianeedsthewisdomoftheseStatements.Eleven Bishops,werepeat,have'signifiedbytheirsignatures,theimportanceofthisyear'sStatement.Yes,youCatholicdisbutors,thenextmoveisyours.It isuptoyou!

MARIANEXHIBITION

OnMonday,September8,in thePerthTownHall,from9a.m. until7p.m.,aculturalanddevotionaltreatwillbeinprogress.TheLordAbbotofNew NorciaandtheCuratorofthe PerthArtGalleryhavecombinedtomakethefunctionasuccess. Raretreasuresfromthe BenedictineMonasterywillbeon viewinPerthforthefirsttime. OurLadyinArt-lithography, etchings,penandwashdrawings, oilpaintings,wood,plasterand ceramics,willbeondisplay.Inexpensivebutbeautifulreproductionsoftheoldmasterswillbe onsale.Admissionofadults, asilvercoin;childrenfree.

HisExcellencytheLieutenantGovernorwillattendtheExhibitionat1a.m.Rev.FatherEugene,fromNewNorcia,willbe presentinchargeoftheNew Norciasection.

At8o'clockthatevening,the ChildrenofMaryoftheArchdiocesewillgiveaSacredConcert.Proceedsinaidotthe MitchellScheme.Admission5s. (includesbooking),3s6d,2a.,and ls.

T.NEILSON OPTICIAN

S.D.A'CNEL,F.S.M.C.(London) W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST

PENGUINSTOUT When Feeling OffColour

youneed PENGUINSTOUT. Easilyassimilated, itprovidesthat tonicnourishment sonecessary tothesystem, buildinghealth duringsleep,and impartingvigour thewholedaylong. DECIDEDLY PENGUIN STOUT ISGOOD FORYOU ALWAYS/

EVER1.

TheConstitution

ofConstantine

FACILITATEDFINALCONVERSIONOFROMANEMPIRE Cottesloe:

Ihaveanotherquestionfrom "A.B.,"whoasks:

"SometimeagoIaskedthe followingquestion:'tinder whatconstitutiondidthe Churchworkbeforetheadvent ofConstantine?'ThereplyI gotfromoneofthehot-headedyoungpriestswas:'The sameConstitutionasatpresent.'"

A.:Andaverygoodanswer, too,andonewhichIreadilyendorse.Butyoucontinue:

"Nowsincethattimethesame youngprieststatedasareply toaquestionhewaselaborating,thatConstantineorganisedtheChristianreligionanda magnificentmonumenthas beenerectedtohismemory.

Now,astherecouldnotbea Constitutionwithoutanorganisation,Ishouldbepleasedto hearyourlearnedcommentson thismatter."

A.:Well,Iampleased,"A.B.," thatyouareendinginamore chastenedmood,andsayingthat youwouldbepleasedtohavemy commentonthisquestion.Here, theniswhatConstantinethe GreatdidfortheChurch.

Firstly,letitbenoted,heneither organiseditnorgaveitaConstitution;bothofthesethings hadbeendonebygreatermen thanConstantineundertheguidanceofAlmightyGod. ButwhatheDIDdowas,in 312,afterthevictoryattheMilvianBridge,whenhebecameundisputedmasteroftheWestern world,tograntcompletefreedomofworshiptotheChristian andtorecognisetheCatholic ChurchasanorganisationindependentoftheState.Hethus conferreduponChristianitythat politicalandsocialstatus,which sogreatlyfacilitatedthefinal conversionoftheRomanEmpire.

IhopeIhavehelpedyou, "A,B,."toseeforyourselfthat beforemakingwildstatements abouttheCatholicChurchand Christianity,oneshould,atleast havestudiedthe"A.B.C."of ChristianDoctrineandHistory; youmustnotforget,beforeyou ventureagaintotheattackso ill-armed,thattheFaithofCatholicsissolidlyfoundedonreason,andthemoreeducatedone isandthebroadertheoutlook, theeasierwillherealiseits truth.

ANon-CatholicatMass

DIFFICULTFORNEWCOMERTOFOLLOWPROGRESS OFHOLYSACRIFICE

"Seeker,"NorthPerth:

"1amnotaCatholic,butIam religious. Ihaveanumber ofCatholicfriendswhomIadmireverymuch.OneSunday recentlyIthoughtitwouldbe agoodideatogotoMass. I wasverydisappointed. couldnotunderstandanything ofwhatwasgoingon.Don't youthinkitisapitythatyour mainserviceissounintellig ible?"

A.:Itisquiteunderstandable thatyoufounditdifficultto makeheadortailoftheMassat whichyouassisted.Actually withthehelpofashortexplanationfromsomeintelligentCatholicfriendyouwouldhavebeen abletofollowitostofwhatwas goingon.Failingafriendwho couldhelpyou,therearequitea numberofexcellentlittlebookletswhichmeettheneedsof peoplelikeyourself,whowould liketoknowsomethingofour ceremonies.Ifyouwentalong toaCatholicbookstandoraCatholicbookshop,Iamsureyou wouldbeabletogetoneorother ofthesebookletsforacoupleof TennisRacquetsRestrungbyex pertsatWimbledonSportsDepot, 14BonMarcheArcade.

PiccadillyArcade

Perth

Tel.B7988

pence.Forinstance,thereis onepublishedbytheAtt.tr.;ran CatholicTruthSocietyat called"HowtoFollowtheMass," whichwaswrittenexpressly withtheneedsofnon-Catholic visitorstoourchurchesinview.

ThefactthattheMassiscelebratedinLatinissomethingof anobstacletothenewcomer.We willnotgointotheadvantages ofhavingthecentralactofworshipofaworld-wideChurch celebratedinwhatistoallintentsandpurposes,a"neutral" language.Eveniftheservice wereheldinEnglish,itisdoubtfulwhetheritwouldbemuch easierforonewhowasnotacquaintedwiththestructureof theservicetogetacorrectidea ofwhatdoeshappenatMass. Youcandividetheserviceinto twoparts.Thefirstportion, fromthebeginninguptothe pointatwhichthepriestuncoversthechalice,consistsessentiallyofreadingsfromtheBible interspersedwithprayers.This partshould,Ithink,besomewhat similartothekindofBiblereadingandprayermeetingthatyou areprobablyfamiliarwith.'However,asIamcompletelyignorantoftheformthatservice takesinyourchurch,Icannot makeanydetailedcomparison. Youwillnotbefaroutifyou lookonthispartoftheMassas havinganinstructionalcharacter.Itcontainsasitsprincipal elementstworeadingsfrom Scripture,thefirst,calledthe LessonortheEpistle,beingfrom somepartoftheBibleother thantheGospels,andthesecond, whichisreadwhenthebookis transferredfromonesideofthe altartotheother,andwhichis aportionofoneoftheGospels. Theinstructionalcharacterof thisportionoftheMassisemphasisedbythesermonwhich usuallyfollowsthereadingofthe Gospel,andisfrequentlyinthe natureofanexplanationofthe portionoftheGospelwhichhas justbeenread. AfterthesayingoftheCreed. whichfollowsthesermon,the characteroftheserviceundergoesasuddenchange.Wecome nowtothepreparationforthe

KING

MASSISTHESAMEAS CALVARY

sacrificialpartoftheMass.You know,ofcourse,thatonCalvary ChristOurLordofferedHimself asasacrificetotheFatherfor uursalvation.Perhapsyoudid notadverttothefactthatthe eveningbeforeHesuffered,Our Lordofferedthesamesacrificeof Himselfinadifferentform.You arenowfamiliarwiththenarrativetellinghow,whensupper wasover,Hetookbreadand winewhichHeblessedandbroke andgavetoHisapostles,makingusemeanwhileofwords whichshowedthatHehad changedthesubstanceofthe breadandwineintothesubstance ofHisBodyandBlood.The wordsalsoshowthatHisBody andBlood,undertheappearancesofbreadandwine,were offeredtoHisFatherastheVictimforoursalvation.Finally HecommandedHisapostlesto doasHehaddone,whichmeans thatHeintendedthisritewhich Heinstituted,tobeusedinHis Churchtotheendoftime.He intended,infact,thatthesacrificewhichwastobeconsummatedonCalvarythefollowing day,andwhichHeofferedinthe Supper-room,wastobere-enactedbythepriestsofHisChurch dailyforalltime.IninstitutingthisriteHewasfulfillingthe prophecyofMicheasregarding thecleanoblationwhichwasto beofferedallovertheworld fromtherisingofthesuntoits going-down.

SointhepartoftheMass whirlswearediscussingyou havethere-enactmentofthe SacrificeofCalvaryintheform institutedbyChristintheSupper-roomontheeveningbefore HisPassion. Youprobablynoticedthat aboutthemiddleofthesilent partoftheMass,thepriest boweddownfirstoverthehost andthenoverthechaliceinto whichwinehadbeenpoured.It wasatthattimethathespoke thewordsofConsecration,by whichthebreadandwinebecametheBodyandBloodof Christ.TheconsecratedHost andthechalicewereelevatedat thattime,andyoumayhave noticedthatthesilenceseemed todeepenonaccountofthesolemnityofthatmoment.

Whatfollowsthecentralact ofthesacrificeisthepreparationforHolyCommunion,which isfollowedbyashortthanksgiv ing.Theserviceisterminated withtheblessingofthepeople, afterwhichtheprologuetoSt. John'sGospelisread.

MAYCHILDRENOF INVALIDMARRIAGEBE BAPTISEDCATHOLICS?

"C.O.,"Fremantle:

"Listeningtoyoursessionof answerstothequestions, amongseveral,Inotedthefollowing:'ACatholicgirlmarryingaProtestant,canthe childrenofthatmarriagebe broughtupasCatholics?'fhe answerwas,'Yes,provided positiveassuranceisgivento thateffect.'Itispuzzlingto me."

A.:Hereisthequestionasked metowhichIgavethereply youquote:'IfaCatholicgirl marriesadivorcedman(in ChurchofEngland),andifthere wereanychildrentothesaid marriage,couldtheybechristenedCatholics."

Myanswerwasthatthey could,providedthattherewasa positiveassurancegiventhat theywouldbebroughtupasCatholics,andthatitwasmorally certainthatthisassurancewould befulfilled.Now,asfarasI cansee,thereisnothingpuzzling eitherinthequestionorthe answer.

"Listener,"whoaskedthe question,evidentlyknewthata

411,15MI5IMEI1N

Catholicgirlcannotvalidly marryadivorcedmansolongas hiswifeisstillliving.Bya validmarriageImeanamarriage thatisatruemarriageinthe sightofGod,foryouseeitis possibleforamarriagetobe legallyvalid,yetnotbevalidin thesightofGod.Forinstance,amarriagebetweena Catholicgirlandadivorcedman, whosewifeisstillliving,maybe validintheeyesoftheLaw,but itisnomarriageinthesightof God.Now,"Listener"knowing this,askedmewhetherifthere wereanychildrenofsucha union,theycouldbechristened asCatholics,andIgavethe answerIhaverepeatedabove.

ANGLICANREMARKS ENDORSEDBYCATHOLICS

Youcontinue:

"HowdoesthiscompareorrespondwitharecentannouncementoftheAnglicanBishop that,'althoughmarriedcouplesmaybedivorcedbythe CourtofLaw,thatdoesnot entitlethemtotherighttoremarryduringthelifeofeither divorcee'-andtheseremarks werefirmlyendorsedbythe Roman('atholicChurch." A.:Yes,thatistheCatholic teachingclearlystated,anditin nowayconflictswiththeanswer Igaveto"Listener's"question. Youseebytaptisjngthechildrenofthemarriagereferredto by"Listener,"thereisnoquestionoftheCatholicChurchcondoningthesincommittedbythe girlinenteringuponsuchaninvalidunion,norofrecognising thatunionasvalid,foritalwaysremainssinfulandinvalid inthesightofGod.But,onthe otherhand,theChurchhasthe eternalsalvationofthechildren atheart,andasnoonecanenterHeavenwithoutBaptism,so, providedtheywillbebroughtup intheTrueFaith,theChurch wishesthesechildrentobebaptised;theyshouldnotbedeprivedofthechanceofsalvationbecauseoftheirmother's sin.

NON-CATHOLICTRIBUTETO "CATHOLICANSWER"

Mr.WalterSmith,Cannington: Ihavehereaveryniceletter fromtheabovegentleman,and Ishouldliketoreadpartofit tomylisteners,tomarkmyobligationtoMr.Smithforhis kindness.Hewrites: "Itisourusualpracticeto tuneinto'TheCatholicAnswer'onSundayevenings. ThoughweareProtestants, wefindtheSessionveryinteresting,althoughwedeplore thecorrespondenceofsomeof yourlisteners,whoseefforts givethemselvesawaysoconvincingly.Yourinvariable courtesydoesyougreatcreditunderthemisguidedcommentstowhichyouaresub jected....Weagreewithyou thatreligionshouldbeapart ofschooleducation. Iand mywifehavepleasantmemoriesoftheprayersandlessons, alsotheopeningandclosing hymns,oftheschooldailysessionawaybackinthe1800's. Ourearlydaysarebrought hackbymanyahymnonthe wireless.Yourremarksabout theschooltaxwereenlighteningtous."

Thankyouverymuch,Mr. Smith.Yourletterhasbeen deeplyappreciatedbyme.It wasverygoodofyoutowrite.

ELLIOTT ELLIOTT OPTICIANS

Justiceisamoralvirtuewhich movesustogiveotherstheir due;thispresupposesthatothers nolessthanourselveshave rights.What,then,isaright? Itis,subjectively,theinviolable moralpowertohave,do,or exact,something;objectively,it istheobjectofthismoralpower, thethingaboutwhichthismoral powerisexercised.Inthe formersensewesay:"Wehavea righttolife;"inthelattersense wesay:"Weclaimourrights." Rightmustbefoundedonlaw, andlegalrightsarefoundedon positivelaw,naturalrightsare foundedonNaturallaw.Anerroneousconceptofrightisthatit

Sunday,Sept.7,willbecelebratedasSocialJusticeSunday. FromeveryCatholicpulpitspecialemphasiswillbegivento thisaspectoftheChurch'smission,thatofpromotingpeace andharmonythroughouttheindustrialworldofto-day.

JusticemeansmoretoaCatholicthantoanyoneelse,forwe havebeentrainedtoregardit,notmerelyasasocialnecessity, butratherasadeepvitalspiritualforce.

Thevirtueofjusticeisnumberedamongstthefourcardinal virtues,andweareindebtedtoFatherA.Davis,S.J.,forthe followingtreatiseonthatvirtue:

someotherspecialvirtue,asit isusedforalmsgivingbyOur Lord:"takeheedthatyoudo notyourjusticebeforemen"(Mt. 6,1).

THREEELEMENTSINJUSTICE.

Justice,then,asamoraland cardinalvirtueisaspecialvirtue,havingitsownspecificmaterialobject,namely,thatwhich isanother'sdue:Theconcept ofjustice,therefore,includes threeelements;itregardsnot selfbutanother;ithasforits specificmaterialobjectanother's due;andthatwhichisduemust begiven,neithermorenorless. Consequently,themeanofthis

fability,friendship,liberality, mercy,pietyordutifulnesstowardsGod,parents,countryand relatives,respectshownbygiv- inghonourtoanother,obedience.

Vicesopposedtojusticeareall thosevicesbywhichtherights ofothers,personalorreal,are violated,suchassinsagainstreligion,murder,mutilation,theft,calumny,detraction,lying,flattery,moroseness,avarice,prod' gality,ingratitude.

Formalingratitude,bywhicn onewhohasreceivedabenefit despisesthebenefactororthe giftinordernottoappearde pendentuponhim,iscontraryto

JusticeaSpecialMoralVirtue

SafeguarderofOurOwn&Others'Rights

dependsentirelyonthepositive lawoftheState;theState,itis said,isomnipotent,andboth createsandextinguishesrights; thatwhichitenforcesisaright, thatwhichitwillnotenforceis noright."Jurisprudenceisspeciallyconcernedonlywithsuch rightsasarerecognisedbylaw andenforcedbythepowerofthe state."This,nodoubt,istrue, butthereisanalmostuniversal tendencyinthesedaystoimport thisconceptofthejuristintoall discussionaboutrights,sothat whatwecallnaturalrightsis, intheviewofthejurist,amisnomer,andmoralrightsare foundedontheshiftingsandsof publicconvention.Thus:"If itisaquestionofmoralright, alldependsonthereadinessof publicopiniontoexpressitself uponhis(i.e.,theagent's)side;" and,"moralrightimpliesthe existenceofcertaincircumstances,withreferencetowhicha certaincourseofactionisviewedwithgeneralapprobation."

Injurisprudenceallthismaybe true,forthejuristdefineshis ownterms,butinphilosophyand theologyweareonanotherplane, andweinsistthatmanhasnaturalrights,quiteindependentof conventionandtheState,and thesenaturalrightsareamongst theobjectsofthevirtueofjustice.Thattherearesomenaturalrightsmustmeevidentfrom thefactthatthereisaNatural law,theexistenceofwhichhas beenalreadyestablished..Thus, amongstnaturalrightsmaybe enumeratedtherighttolife,to goodname,tofidelityincontract,,achild'srighttosupport fromitsparents,aState'simmunityfrominvasionoroppression,andmanyothers,allof whicharebuttheexpressionof natural,invariableandnecessary tendencies,withoutthefulfilment ofwhichlifewouldbeimpossible. Suchrightsaretheexpression oftheDivineWisdomandWill manifestedinhumanconsciousness.

KINDSOFRIGHTS.

Rightsmayexistinregardto persons;thus,afatherhasrights overhischildren,akingoverhis subjects;ortheymayexistin regardtothings,astherigh overone'sproperty.Rightsin regardtothingsmaybethe rightofactualproprietorshipin thethingwhilstwehaveit,or therightwehavetoclaima thing,asthepaymentofadebt.

Whenwesaythatjusticeisa specialmoralvirtue,wedistinguishitatonceandallthrou?h MoralTheologyfromothervirtuestowhichthenameofjusticehasbeengiven.Thus, whenweread:"Blessedarethey thathungerandthirstafterjustice,"thewordmeansthesumtotalofallvirtues;oragain,the termisused,asbyAristotle,to meaneveryvirtue,beingthen whatweshouldcallageneral virtue;oritisemployedfor

virtueistobefound,asstated above,inwhatisobjective,so thatwecannotbemoreorless just,butonlyexactlyjust,and whenwehavepaidadebt,justiceis,inthatinstanceatleast, completelyfulfilled.Thatobjectivedueofanotheristhematerialobjectofthevirtue;the motiveorformalobjectisthe reaosnablenessingivingeveryonehis,due,andthisagainis foundedonthefactthatasGod hasproposedtousafinalend tobeachieved,Hegivesallmen themeanstothatend,andthey haveinalienablerightstothose thingsinlifewhicharepracticallynecessaryfortheattainmentoftheend.

KINDSOFJUSTICE.

Sincetherearedifferentkinds ofrights,soaretheredistinct kindsofjustice:

(a)Therightswhichexistas betweenoneindividualandan-

ToReaders

*Thoseofourreaders whopass"TheRecord" ontorelativesand friends(especially tothebackcountry districts)areperformingavaluable apostolicwork. Readersareaskedto joininthiscommendablepractice.

other,orbetweenonecommunityandanother,constitutethe objectofcommutativejustice, andthisaloneisjusticeinthe strictsense.

(b)Therightsthatanindividualmayclaimfromsociety,or apartofsocietyfromthewhole, constitutetheobjectofdistributive,justice.

,c)Therightsthatsocietymay claimfromanindividualorfrom apartofsocietyconstitutethe objectoflegaljustice.

(d)Vindictivejusticebelongs partlytolegaljustice,inthatit inclinesthesupremeauthority topunishthosewhobreakthe law,andtopunishsuchisforthe commongood;ontheotherhand, thiskindofjusticepartakesof distributivejustice,inthathe whoviolatesrightordershould bewillingtomakecommensuratereparationbyundergoingthe exactpenaltyduetohisillicit self-satisfaction.

Thesubjectivepartsofjustice arethosejustenumerated.The integralpartsarethepositive andthenegativeactsofjustice, namely,thedoinggoodinrespectofrestitution,andtherefrainingfromevilinrespectof notviolatingtherightsof others.

Thepotentialpartsareall thosevirtueswhichinanyway havereferencetoothers.They are:Gratitude,truthfulness,af-

justice,andissinfulinproportiontothecontempt.

Materialingratitudeisaless grievousoffence,sinceitdoes notincludecontempt,butrather apassiveacceptanceofbenefits, suchaschildrenareunconsciouslyguiltyof,butitisnonethe lessoffensivetoanyreasonable benefactor.Itfindsexpression innotofferinganymaterialreturnofanysortforabenefit,in notthankingthebenefactor,in notacknowledgingabenefit,in returningevilforgood.

RESTITUTION.

Theviolationofcommutative justicebegetsthedutyofrestitution,andthisdutyisaserious one,sincethesafeguardingof rightsisaseriousmatterinrespectofpublicpeace,mutual goodwill,andthefreeandindependentexerciseofhumanactivity.Aseriousviolationofsuch dutyisobviouslyaseriousprejudicetothesenecessaryendsof life.Wherefore,St.Paulsays: "Knowyounotthattheunjust shallnotpossessthekingdom ofheaven neitherthieves norextortionersshallpossessthe kingdomofGod"(I.Cor.,6.9, 10).Thisjusticemaybeviolatedbyinvadingtheproperty ofothers,theirlives,theirbodilyintegrity,theirgoodname. Theviolationwillbegravewhich menwouldordnarilyobjeetto veryseriously,eitheronaccount oftheirpersonalloss,oronaccountoftheprejudicetopublic security.Nevertheless,notevery violationofjusticewoulddo seriousharm,eithertoindividualsortopublicsecurity,and thereforetherecanbeaslight violationofjustice;buteventhis carrieswithittheobligationof restitution.

Commutativejusticealonebegetsthedutyofrestitutionfor theharmdone,andthisrestitutionhastobemadeinthatkind towhichtheviolatedright'belonged.Thus,nomonetarycompensationwillavailtorestore thegoodnameofanotherwhich wehavedestroyed,butsuch compensationcanquitejustlybe imposedbylegitimateauthority forthesakeofpublicpeaceand security.Theonlytruecompensationistorestorethegood nameofanotherinthatmatter inwhichithasbeendamaged.

Forreparationtobeobligatory inconsequenceofharmdone,the actionwherebytheharmwas donemusthavebeenconsciously orformallyunjust,musthave beenasufficientcauseofthe harm,andmustactuallyhave producedtheharm.Indefault ofanyofthesethreefactorsit willbeobviousthatreparationis notobligatoryinconscience, thoughitmaybejustlyimposed bylegitimateauthority.

--

TryHassell's,559WellingtonSt. Alwaysfirstwithgoodsinshort supply.B6307.

ByFRANCISGILBERT

EventhemostardentsympathiserwiththeBritishpeoplein themomentouscrisisthrough whichtheyarepassingmust havebeenamazedatthestatisticsquotedbyMr.T.Williams (MinisterforAgriculture).AnnouncingtheGovernment'snew painforagriculturalexpansion, theMinisterclaimedthatitinvolvedanincreaseof50percent. abovethepre-warlevel,15per cent.abovethewar-timepeak, and20percent.abovethecurrentyear.Tome,anyhow,itis astonishingthelearnthatBritainisabletoextendheragriculturalpotential15percent. abovethewar-timepeak,for everyoneremembershownearly, duringbothworldwars,theEnglishpeoplecametostarvation. Why,itmayreasonablybeasked,wasnoteveryavailableacre undercultivationwhenthevery existenceofEnglanddepended moreuponfoodthanuponarma-

shouldbeasalutarywarningto usinAustralia. Historically,thepresentimpassehasbeeninevitable.For thegiganticstridesmadebythe IndustrialRevolutioncausedsome ofthebestfarmingcountryof theMidlandstobeappropriated toindustrialpurposes,asdidthe expansionofthecities.Moreover,thedriftofpopulationfrom thefarmstothenewindustrial centresoftheMidlandsandthe Northabsolutelydenudedthe agriculturalsouthofpopulation. Then,again.fromtheReformationdownwards,theenclosures hadbeenproceeding,andhuge tractsofarablelandweregiven overtopasture.EvenSt.Thomas Morecouldseethetrendinhis day,whenhecommented:"Isee sheepeatingmen."However, eveninthisrespect,thepastoral industryismostunstable,for whereasdairyinghasincreased, therehasbeenaslumpinsheepproduction.

AgriculturalAnomaly

ments?Theanswerisverydifficulttoarriveat,butonerecallsthegreattroubleLloyd GeorgehadwiththegreatlandownersinthematterofproducingfoodduringWorldWarI., andhowinexasperationhesaid theirhandsweredrippingwith thefatofsacrilege.

Atfirstsightitmightseem thatlackofmanpowerwouldbe theexplanation,butthisisoffsetbytheenormousquantityof mechanicaldevicesreceivedfrom theU.S.A.underLendLease. Furthermore,in1943,Britain reapedanall-timerecordharvest of130,000,000bushelswhich, however,wasnotabovethatharvested80yearsbefore.Last yearhercropsyieldedonlybetween50and60millionbushels, butsomeallowancemustbemade fortheterriblewinterwhichensuedandwhichupsetstheequity ofcomparisons.Therealexplanationseemstolieinthefact thatBritishpoliticianshaveconcentratedonbulkcropsandtheir discriminatorymeasuresagainst "inefficient"farminghaveforthe mostpartbeenappliedagainst thesmallfarmer.Anotherimportantfactorhasbeenthepreoccupationwiththeexportdrive whichhasresultedinthediversionoflabourtoindustrialconcernsproducingluxuriesforthe endsoftheearth.Thishashad theeffectofleavingtheagriculturallabourpositioninasparlousastateasduringtheblackest(laysofthewar.Agriculture,inbrief,hasbeenleftat themercyofpoliticiansandeconomists,anditsfateinBritain Stoves,GasBathHeaters,and HardwarecheaperatHassell's, 559WelligtonSt.B6307.

Whatismostsignificantabout thenewplansforagriculturein BritainisthattheSocialistGovernmentisplacing.itshopesin individualsratherthaninDepartmentsofState,anditispromisedthattheexpansionofoutputisnotmerelytomeetatemporarynecessity.Atlonglast theGovernmenthasrecognised theneedforlong-term(i.e.,permanent)stabilityandefficiency. InallthistheGovernmenthas showngreatwisdom.Ithas learned,presumably,fromitstentativeexperimentswiththecoal minesthatitwouldbefoolish fortheGovernmenttoembark onwheatproduction.Itsnew planaimstoinducefarmersto helpthemselves,andmostimportantlytoinfluencesmallfarmerstogreaterefforts.

TheanomaliesofBritain'spre sentfoodpositionshouldnotdeterusfromgivingeveryassistanceinourpower.Butitshould beawell-rememberedlesson foreveryGovernmentwith Socialistaspirationsagainst thefollyoftinkeringwith thesmallproducerunderpretextsof"planning"and"efficiency."Inapproachingrural life,thechiefconsideration shouldbesocialratherthanfinancialorpolitical.Foragriculturewillneverbesuccessfulso longasitisregardedasanin dustry.Itisprimarilyaway oflifewhichexhibitsthemost extraordinarypersistentlyand tenacityinthefaceofwarfare, politicaltyranny,andpersecutionofallkinds.Itpersists becauseitisman'sfundamentallynaturalmodeoflife,andit willflourishwhenthecitiesand thetyrantsaredust.

Smith&Hebditch

QUALITYBUTCHER,50HamptonRd.,Beaconsfield. PHONEL2492 FORPRIMESTQUALITYMEAT.

YourRecommendationAppreciated.

SocialJusticeSunday

SEPTEMBER7,1947

THESTATEMENTFORTHISOCCASION, "PEACEININDUSTRY"

is"TheOfficialStatementoftheStandingCommitteeof theCatholicBishopsofAustralia." PRICE3d.

Orderfrom:CatholicSocialGuild,81St.George'sTerrace.

* TherecentPremiers'Conferencemusthavebeenarevelation toanyonewhohadnotavertedto theimminentclashbetweenFederalandStateinterests.Inthe seriesofastoundingpretensions madebyCanberrasincetheend ofthewar,culminatinginthe proposaltonationalisethebanks, therealessenceoftheconflict hasbeensmotheredover.Like theissuewhichledtocivilwar inEnglandandtothesecession oftheAmericancolonies,its nameistaxation.Inthestress ofwarCanberramanagedtopersuadetheStatePremierstohand overtheirprecioustaxingrights onthedistinctunderstanding thatthetransferwastemporary. Butnow,likeadipsomaniacravingfordrink,Canberrahasgone backonitspromisesandaspires tokeepthepurse-stringsofthe

Federal

Statesclutchedfirmlyinitsown avaricioushands.Whatislikelytdhappenifitcanmaintain thisindefensiblepositionwas clearlyshownwhenitattempted toforcethelocalgoverningauthoritiestouseitsbankingfacilities.Therewashereanindicationofutterruthlessness,typicalintyrants,whichforeshadows thedoomofStateandlocalpoliticalpower.

Theissueisjoinedandtheconflictisimminent.Butitistakingmoreandmoretheformof acoupd'etatratherthanaConstitutionalprocessbasedonsound politicalphilosophy.Mr.Chifleybeginstoappearasanapt studentof"MeinKampf,'forhe certainlyappearstohaveinmind thereintroductionoffeudalism intoAustralia.TheStateswillbe hisliegemen,owinghimboon daysandknights'feesuntilsuch timeashefeelsstrongenough toliquidatethem.Andallthis inspiteofCanberra'smealymouthedaspirationsfor decentralisation.Thecumulativeevidenceisoverwhelmingthatboth politicallyandeconomicallyCanberraisbiddingfortotalpower.

Thetragicelementinthewhole pictureistheapathyoftheAustralianpeopleinthefaceofwhat isadireandpermanentthreat totheirpersonallibertiesandto theirrighttofreeassociationin societiessmallerthantheState. Westraliansinparticularhave goodcausetosuspectandtofear anyfurtheraccretionofFederal Power.Thetimeisnotlong pastwhenfeelingonthesubject wassointensethatareferendumyieldedatwotoonemajorityinfavourofsecessionfrom theCommonwealth.Itmight easilyhappenthatthepower drunkdictatorsofCanberrawill rousethatissueagainandin moreState'sthantheWest.

RACINGSELECTIONS

W.A.T.C.

Saturday,August30,1947.

NewcastleMaiden:GlenUru, 1;Minnievale,2;FlamingWing, 3;BaffetPlate,4. MilliganPurse(1):Valley Prince,1;LegendNight,2;GallantDuke,3;Coomberdale,4. MilliganPurse(2):Prince Clair,1;KentishLady,2;Despian,3;GayFlower,4.

DistanceTrial:GayFlora,1; L.Constance,2;CrownCourt, 3;Sanease,4.

InglewoodHandicap:Culture, 1;Sorcery,2;Kondinin,3;Mor Veil,4. MarineWelter(2):LadyLayina,1;Hurlingham,2;Gal. Duke,3;Isobar,4. MarineWelter(1):Prince Afra,1;SilverTail.2;Mondeen, 3;SirNeil,4. TROTTING.

BreedersHandicap:Mid.Chimes, 1;RoyalCloud,2;Earl'sBest,3. HelenaHandicap:Admiral Sheik,1;BalgayEarl,2;Lord Sheik,3. KalamundaHandicap:FortunateLad,1;EarlRibbons,2; RoyalMeadows,3. BrookHandicap:TheLiberator, 1;PollyConda,2;AllBritish,3. MundaringHandicap:Walla Lawn,1;WorthyCross,2;MasterWhips,3. ValleyHandicap:StarofLurig, 1;PlainJoe,2;SirJoseph,3. CanningHandicap:Admiral Spear,1;BrilliantStyle,2;Red Mavista,3.

Certainlyitwasworthyof noticethatwhilethewar-time Premierswereagreeableto handingovervitalrightstothe FederalGovernment,thepresent outlookisverydifferent,and eventheLabourPremiersopposedthePrimeMinisterinvehementfashion.Atthisparticularmomentthereisadesperate needofsomepoliticalphilosophy whichwillenunciateprinciples bywhichtherespectiverightsof theFederalandStateGovernmentsmaybedefined.Itiscertainthatthecentralgovernment shouldonlyconcernitselfwith mattersofhighstatescraftwhich concernthewholepeopleofthe country.NoonewouldchallengeCanberra'sright,forinstance,inthematterofdefence; though,evenhere,asregards WestAustralia,thereweresome nastysuggestionswheninvasion

Octopus

seemedinevitable.Butincountlessothermatters,itisadvisableforthecentralpowerto haveageneralsupervisoryinterestwithoutattemptingdirect control.

Classicalexamplesofthiskind ofrelationshiparetohandin thefieldsofeducationandaboriginalwelfare.TheFederal Government,aspromoterofthe commonweal,hastherightto demandcertainstandardsofeducationfromallcitizensandto providefundstoenablethistobe doneeffectivelyifthereisnecessity.Buttoprovideandimposea standardcurriculum throughouttheCommonwealthis clearlyaninfringementbothof localauthorityandoftherights ofparents.Itwould,further, beinimicaltotheinterestsof educationtohaveadull,dead uniformity..Similarly,inregardtotheaborigines,theCommonwealthmaylaydowngeneral linesofprocedureandsupplementStates'fundsforthispurpose.Butthereisnojustifica'ionfordirectintervention,for detailedinstructions,andfor busy-bodytactics."Toeachis own,"isasoundproposition,and oneforwhichtheStatesmay soonhaveliterallytofight.

SACREDHEARTHIGH SCHOOLOLDGIRLS'ASSOCIATION.

TheAnnualRetreatforthe S.H.H.S.OldGirlsisbeingheld thisyearontheweek-end,6th. and7th.September.NotificationRev.Mothernotlaterthan 3rd.September.B3810.

THIRDORDEROFST.

FRANCIS.

EXPOSITION.

ExpositionisheldeveryTuesday,commencingwithHolyMass; celebratedat8a.m.intheChildrenofMaryChapelVictoria Square. AcordialinvitationisextendedtoallTertiaries,andtotheCatholicpeopleingeneral,toassistatMass andtopayavisitduringtheday. ExpositionconcludeswithBenedictionat5.15p.m.

ACouncilmeetingwillbeheld intheCentralCatholicLibraryon Wednesday,September3,at8 p.m.

BRYANT&WATERS

80to90STIRLINGST.,PERTH WOOD&COALMERCHANTS

OrdersPromptlyAttendedTo Phone:B3938.

.1111118.1111111111.1111.1111111111111.0111111.11111111111101

.

ChurchandScientificProgress

DIFFERENCEBETWEENHYPOTHESISANDFACT

"Progressive,"MidlandJunction:

"Recentlyyousaidthatthe Church'sbusinessisnotto propagateanyscientifictheory,nomatterhowwellfoundeditbe.ButIthinkyouwill agreewithmethatShethinks itherjobtocondemnscientificprogress.Didshenot,in thesixteenthandseventeenth centuries,condemnCopernicus andGalileoandothersfor theirendeavourstoemancipatesciencefrommedieval mystificaton?"

A.Thatstatementiscompletelyfalse.Copernicusnever incurredPapaldispleasure, though,thankstoGalileo,his bookdidforatimecomeunder condemnation.Galileodidhave acertainamountofbotherwith theecclesiasticalauthorities,but itwascertainlynotonaccount ofhisendeavours"toemancipate sciencefrommedievalmystification."Thoseendeavourswere highlypraisedinPapalcircles. SomepeopledoGalileoaserious disservicebyretelling,inaccuratelyforthemostpart,thestory oftherathertactlesswayin whichhebecameentangledwith theecclesiasticalauthorities,and broughtmatterstosuchapass thatjudgmentsimplyhadtobe givenagainsthim.Theyoverlookaltogetherthemanyclaims whichGalileohastobeconsideredthemostoutstandingofthe pioneersofmodernphysics.This biassedwayofpresentingthe storyisunfairbothtothepersecutedscientistandtohis judges.Jtgivestheimpression totheignorantthatGalileowas thefirsttosuggestthatthesun isthecentreoftheuniverse. Galileotookoverhisideason themotionoftheplanetsfrom Copernicus,whowashispredecessorbyaboutonehundred years.CopernicuswasaCatholicclericingoodstanding. Hisbookwasdedicatedtothe reigningPope,PaulIII.

Curiouslyenoughthisbook, whichwaspublishedonly.ashort timebeforethedeathofCopernicus,wasseenthroughthe pressby,ofallpeopleinthe world,thewellknownLutheran theologian,Osiander.Without consultingGalileo,Osiandermade achangeinthetitleofthebook andwroteanotherprefaceinsteadoftheauthor's,topoint outthatthesystemwasproposedmerelyasahypothesis.This wasdone,notoutoffearofCatholicopinion,butbecausethe editorwasafraidofwhatLuther andMelancthonmighthaveto say!Theprecautionwasnot sufficienttosatisfyLuther,and thebookwascondemnedbyProtestanttheologiansasbeing heretical.Ijustmentionthis fact,becauseitisoneofthose thingsthatdoesgethabitually overlookedindiscussingthis case.Thereisnothingspeci ficallyCatholicaboutthecon demnationoftheCopernican system.

APPARENTCONTRADICTION OFHOLYSCRIPTURE

HadGalileoreallybeenengagedinemancipatingscience, whatheshouldhavedonewas provideanexperimentalbasis fortheproofofthenewtheory. Hadhedonethat,noharmwould havecometohim.Hisgood friends,includingCardinalBellarmine,gavehimjustthatadvice,butGalileowasoneofthose peoplewhobecomeolderwithout becominganywiser.Hewas warnedbytheHolyOfficein 1615thathemustnotteachthe Copernicansystemasanything morethanahypothesis,andhe agreedtoabidebythatdecision.

Thereasonfortheprohibition wasthatonthefaceofitthe newsystemseemedtocontradict HolyScripture.Inviewofthis apparentcontradictionitwas reasonabletoaskthatsome proofforthetheorybebrought forwardbeforeitbetaughtasa fact.Galileodidnotkeephis promisetotheHolyOffice,and

tunetellers:orthatseekeththe truthfromthedead.Forthe Lordabhorrethallthesethings."

'nadditionanewbookofhiscontainedagratuitousinsulttothe reigningPopeUrbanVIII.,who hadalwaysbeenfriendlytowardsGalileo.Itwasforhis tactlessnessandforhishabitof antagonisingthoseinauthority thathewaspunisbedbybeing confinedtohisownvillaatFlorence,andnotfortheworkhe didinAdvancingphysics.

DIDJESUSCHRIST MENTIONWITCHES?

"Sincere,"WestPerth:

"AsIunderstandmyBible, Jesussaidtherewerewitches."

A.:JesusChristrovermade anyreferencetowitches.

Youcontinue:

"Untilnotsoverylongago, peopleweretorturedandput todeathbecausetheywerebelievedtobewitches."

A.:Thatisso.Oneofthe blackestchaptersinthestoryof thehumanraceisthecruelty andfanaticismshowninthe treatmentofpoorwomensuspectedofwitchcraft.Itdarkensthepagesofhistoryinthe AgesofFaith.andreachesan abominatonofblackterrorinthe sixteenthandseventeenthcenturies.Nocountrynornocreed canescape'hejudgmentofmore tolerantandcivilisedtimeson thisscore;althoughIthinkitis safetosaythathistoriansagree thatthevilenessandcruelty showeditselfworstintheProtestantpartsofGermany.

Yousay:

HOLYSCRIPTURE REFERENCE

TOWITCHCRAFT

"TheChurchtaughtthatthere were*itches."

A.:TheChurchneverformally anddogmaticallytaughtthat witchesexisted;butitistrue thatinthevariousdecreesof CouncilsandinthepronouncementsofPopes,theexistenceof witchcraftwastakenforgranted.AndinthefaceofthetestimonyoftheBibleandthe teachingandwritingofthe FathersoftheChurch,itcould hardlyhavebeenotherwise.In HolyScripturereferencesto witchcraftarefrequent,e.g.:

Deut.XVIII.,10-12:"Neither lettherebeanywizard,nor charmer,noranyonethatconsultethpythonicspirits,orfor-

Ex.XXII.,18:"Wizardsthou shallnotsuffertolive,"oras the,Protestantversionputsit: "Thoushaltnotsufferawitchto live."

Thenthereisthewholestory ofSaul'svisittothewitchof Endor,toldinI.Kings,XXVIII.

IntheNewTestament,too, wehavereferencestowitchcraft:inSt.Paul(Gal.V.,20), St.John(Apoc.XXI.,8),St. LukeintheActsoftheApos- tles(VIII.,9).However,there isanotherpointweroustnotforget,thatrightthroughthe courseofhistorywefindrecurringinstancesonthepartofthe Churchofinterventiontopre-ventcrueltyandfanaticismin thismatter.Falseaccusations ofwitchcraftagainstinnocent persons,tortureintrialofallegedwitchesandotherabuses, wereseverelycondemnedand madepenaloffencesinChurch Law.

INNOCENTPEOPLE

MURDERED

Youcontinue:

"Nowweknowthattherewas neversuchacreatureasa witch.Innocentmenandwomenandchildrenhavebeen murdered."

A,:The,questionofthereality ofwitchcraftisoneuponwhich itisnoteasytopassaconfident judgement.InthefaceofHoly Scriptureandtheteachingofthe Fathersandtheologians,theabstractpossibilityofapactwith theDevilandofadiabolicalinterferenceinhumanaffairscan hardlybedenied,but-noonecan readtheliteratureofthesubject withoutrealisingtheawfulcrueltiestowhichthisbeliefledand withoutbeingconvincedthatin .99casesoutof100theallega- tionsrestuponnothingbetter thanpuredelusion.Themost bewilderingcircumstanceisthe factthatinalargenumberof casesofwitchprosecutionsthe confessionsofthevictims,often involvingallkindsofsatanistic horrors,havebeenmadespontaneouslyandapparentlywithoutfearorthreatoftorture.

Butyousay:

"TheChurchnolongerteaches thatwitchcraftispractised."

A.:IfyoumeanbythatstatementthattheChurchdoesnot admitthepossibilityofcommunicationwithSatanandwithevil spirits,youarequitewrong.In thefaceofHolyScriptureand ofprovedexperience,itwouldbe impossibletodenythatpossibil- ity.

HAIRDRESSERANDTOBACCONIST, 69WALCOTTSTREET,MT.LAWLEY.

(Established35yearsinWesternAustralia). AgentforW.A.CharitiesConsultations.

`AroundtheWorld

250DelegatesFrom 48Nations

MR.

TEDLONGBACKFROM MONTREAL.

Conferencesandretreatsfor engagedcouplesandformarried coupleswerefeaturesofCatholiclifeinAmericanotedbyMr. TedLong,whoreturnedtoMelbournerecently.

Mr.Long,Melbournediocesan secretaryoftheY.C.W.,representedAustraliaattheInternationalY.C.W.ConferenceatMontreal,June22-28.

The250delegateswerefrom 48nations.Theconferencewas attendedbyCardinalsFrings (Cologne)andGerlier(Lyons), ArchbishopCharboneau(Montreal)andCanonCardijn(founderoftheY.C.W.).

Mr.LongsaidhehadbeenimpressedbyreportsonthepreCanaandCanaconferencesin America;engagedcouplesattendingtheformerandmarried couplesthelatter.

Thepre-Canaconferenceswere fortheguidanceofengagedcouples.Marriedcoupleswere givenhelpandadviceattne Canaconferences.

RetreatsiqNovember.

TheY.C.W.inVictoria,said Mr.Long,wasarrangingforspecialretreatsforengagedcouplesonNovember29and30this year.Theyoungmenwould maketheretreatat"LaVerna" andtheyoungwomenwouldgo to"AveMaria."

Planswereinhandforspecial retreatsformarriedcouples,he added.

"Meetingdelegatesfromso manycountriesoftheworld broughtarealisationofhowwell offweareinAustralia,"said Mr.Long.

CatholicActioninAustralia.

"CatholicActionseemstobe asfirmlyestablishedinAustraliaasanywhereintheworld.

"TheY.C.W.inAustraliacould beproudofitsachievementsin thebriefsixyearsofitsexistence."

HesawintheY.C.W.avastpotentialinternationalforcefor restoringthedignityofwork.

Mr.LongvisitedOttawafor theMarianCongress,whichattractedupto500,000people.

ItwasattendedbyArchbishop DuhigandMgr.English,ofBrisbane.

AutographedFlag.

Mr.LongpresentedanAusralianflagtotheCanadianJ.O.C. andbroughtbacktoMelbourne anAustralianY.C.W.flagautographedbyCanonCardijn.

Wm.A.YOUNG

FAMILYBUTCHER

Comer

RandolphKnapp (W.A.O.A.)

Dr.DuhigStudies

AmericanCancer Research

WhileinAmerica,HisGrace Dr.Duhighasbeeninteresting himself,notonlyintheprimary purposeofhisvisit,highereducation,butalsoineveryphaseof activitythatmightprofitAustraliaonhisreturn.Recently hewentthroughtheCancerResearchClinicsinCincinnatiand Chicagotogatherinformationon U.S.medicaldevelopment.

WhileinCincinnati,Dr.Duhig spentconsiderabletimegoing overtheAquinasCancerResearchInstitutethere.Hewas takenthroughtheInstituteby Dr.GeorgeSperti,whoexplainedtheworkbeingdoneinCincinnatitoeliminatethedread scourgeofcancer.OnJuly22 Dr.DuhigwentoverChicago's chiefcancerResearchClinic.His hostwasDr.HerbertSchmotz, Chicago'schiefcancerexpert.

Generosity.

Asinthefieldofeducation,His Graceexpressedhimselfimmenselyimpressedbythegenerosity ofAmericansherealso.Their generouscontributionstomedical andhospitalworkallowedavery considerablemeasureofindependencetophysicians,whowereenabled,asaresult,topursuetheir researchesunhamperedtoalarge extentbyred-tapeandhidebound control.

Moremoney,HisGracesaid, wasbeingspentoncancerresearchintheUnitedStatesthan onanyothersubject,moreindeed thanonallotherstogether. Progress.

Inconsequence,Americawas definitelyonthewaytoleadthe worldinmedicalscience.ParticularlyinthefieldofcancerresearchdidHisGracefindarecordofmostencouragingresults which,hesaid,justifiedthehope thatoneoftheworstscourgesof humanitywouldsoonbeentirely eliminated.

ChaplainHasTen WarMedals

FatherDunstan'Sargent,0.P., whohasprobablythelongest andmostimposingwarrecordof armychaplains,recentlyreturnedtoEngland.

DuringtheperiodofhisserviceabroadheservedasArmy Chaplain,firstlywithBritishand IndiantroopsinWaziristan (N.W.Frontier),thenasSenior ChaplaininIraqandPersia,and lateratheadquartersofthe SouthernArmy,India.Owing towarserviceinthedeserthe wasinvalidedin1943andsentto SouthAfricatorecuperate.An earlyrecoveryenabledhimto undertakefurtherserviceinthe SouthAfricanArmy,wherehe ministeredtotroopsstationedin PretoriaandNatal,beingpromotedSeniorChaplainofthelattercommand.

PiusXIIandthe RoleofWomen

Catholicwomenandothersengagedinthelayapostolatewill beinterestedinanaddressof PiusXLI.,onJanuary22,to400 membersoftheChristianRenaissanceMovementandLadies ofCharity,Italianwomen'sorganisations,thecompletetext ofwhichappearsintheJuly issueofthe"CatholicMind." QuotingSt.IgnatiusofAntioch, theHolyFathersaid:"Intimes duringwhichitistheobjectof theworld'shatred,Christianity isnotamatterofpersuasive words,butofgreatness."The well-reasonedexpositionofthe truthoffaith,nomatterhowef-

Eight-FootCrossin CinemaFoyer

Carriedfor200MilesinWalsingtiamPilgrimage.

Aneight-foothighwooden crosshasbeenstandingforsome timeinthefoyeroftheRegent Cinema,inBishop'sStortford, Herta,England.

Groupsoffilmgoersgathered rounditandreadanoticebelow.Somewereimpressedby thecross,otherswereannoyed. Afewhavecomplainedtothe manager,anon-Catholic.

Butthecrossstayedinthe cinemauntilSaturday,August 9,whenagroupofmencarried itawayinprocessiontoSt.Joseph'sChurch. Therethecrossanditsbearerswereblessedinaceremony endingwithSolemnBenediction.

OnSunday,August10,the groupofmencarriedthecrosson thefirststageofawalkingtilgrimagetoWalsingham.

AweeklatertheyleftWalsinghamwiththecrossonthe returnjourneytoBishop'sStortford.

OntheeveningoftheFeast oftheAssumptionthecrosswas permanentlyerectedoutsideSt. Joseph'sHall.

PriestsArrestedin Poland

PoliceSwoopFollowsCardinal's Visit.

Dozensofpriests,amongthem FatherPawlina,formerdirector oftheCaritasrelieforganisation, werearrestedinapoliceswoop shortlyafterCardinalGriffin's visittoPoland.

Thearrestsarebelievedtobe a"warning"totheclergyto avoidcontactwithforeigners.

Fear_ofespionageisdeeply rootedinthemindsofSoviet officersinchargeofsecurity measuresinPoland,andallwho comeincontactwithpeoplefrom abroadareautomaticallysuspected.

PolishCatholicsfearthatthe arrestsmaybethebeginningofasystematicpersecutionof theclergy.

ItisbelievedthatsomemembersoftheGovernmentfavour suchapersecution,butothers, realisingthestrengthofPoland's Catholicism,prefertosmashpoliticalopponentsbeforeturningattentiontotheChurch.

1539

RoofRepairs.T.V. ModelBathHeatersAvailable.

FatherSargenthasservedas acombatantintheBoerWar (1899-1902)andlatersawservice asaChaplainintheGreatWar (1914-18).IraqRebellion(1920), KurdistanOperations(1919), N.W.Persia(1920-21),Waziristan,India(1937-'39),andGreat WarII.(1939-'46).

Histenwarmedalsareadornedwithnineclaspsforservices inthefield.

NewBishopofPatna

TheApostolicDelegation,Bangalore,announcestheappointmentofRightRev.AugustineF Wildermuth,S.J.,astheBishopelectofPatna.

SinceOctober11,1947,HisExcellencyhasbeenSuperiorRegu- laroftheJesuitsofPatnaMission.OntheFeastofSt.Ignatius,July31,1947,HisExcellencyproposestotakeoverad ministrationofthedioceseand willbeconsecratedontheFeast oftheApostles,SaintsSimon andJude,October28,1947,in St.Joseph'sPro-Cathedral,Bankipore,Patna.

fective,andaChrstianlifelived accordingtoconventionalstandardswillnotsuffice."To-day thereisneedofthegreatnessof aChristianlifelivedinitsfulnesswithperseveringconstancy."Modernthoughtand lifemustbeledbacktoChrist, andtheonlyfountainofsalvationistheChristianfaith,"not indeedamutilated,anaemicand dilutedfaith,butonemaintained 'nallitsintegrity,inallitspurity,inallitsstrength."With trenchantwordsHisHoliness discountedtheefforttojustifya lifeoffrivolityandworldliness byinterlarding"someexercises ofapiety,purelysuperficial, evenwhennotpuerileandsuperstitious."Tomeetthemodernchallenge,onemustaccept thedailycrossashisruleoflife. TheCatholicwomanmustalso enkindleinherselfanardent zealtocollaborateintheredemptiveworkofChrist."All ofyoucanandoughttovalue mosthighlytheapostolateofan exemplarylifeofprayerandof sacrifice."Butoverandabove whatisofstrictobligationto everyCatholic,thereisalarge fieldinwhichdifferingcapabilities,joinedtoasoundjudgment andagenerousheart,mayfinda suitablemeasureofactivity.As onmanyotheroccasions,the HolyFathermakesitclearthat theredemptionoftheworldis theworkofthewholeChrist,in whicheachmemberhashis share.

CatholicDailyNewspapertobeStarted inInnerMongolia

InKalganProvinceofChahar, ,InnerMongolia,aCatholicdaily newspaperentitled"Min-shengye-pao"("TheVoiceofthePeople")willbestartedinthenear future.TheGovernorofChaharhasalreadyapprovedthe plan,pointingoutthatafternine yearsofJapaneseoccupationand oneyearofCommunistrulea goodnewspaperwillbefillinga mosturgentneedinInnerMongolia.Kalganwasevacuated bytheChineseCommunistsonly ashorttimeago. Thenewspaperwillberunby theScheutistFathers,areligious Congregationconsistingmostly ofBelgianandDutchmissionaries.

InChinapropertheCatholic dailynewspaper"Yi-shi-pao" ("TheCommonGood")nowappearsinalargenumberoflocal editions.ArchbishopPaulYupin,ofNanking,ispresidentof theBoardofDirectorsofthe chain.TheVeryReverendJ B.Kao,O.F.M.,whospentseveralyearsinEurope,Northand SouthAmerica,andreturnedto Chinainthesummerof1946,is directorofitsSianfuedition.

Thepilgrimagewasorganised bythepilgrimswhowentonfoot lastyeartoVezlay.Itwasrun onthesamelines.Prayers weresaidandhymnssungonthe road,churchesvisitedandwaysideaddressesgivenbyachap- laintoallwhocaredtolisten. SeveraloftheVezelaypilgrims wereamongthe25cross-bearers. Thechaplainswerethe'twoDominicanswhoaccompanedthem lastsummer.Thetotalwalkingdistancewas200miles.

Theexactnumberofthearrestedclergyandthecharges againstthemarenotknown,as thecensorshippreventsnewspapersprintingsuchinformation.

ItCostsNoMoretohaveyour PrescriptionsAccuratelyDispensed RobertW.DALBY,M.P.S. Of130OxfordStreet,Leederville.

PupilsrreparedAllExaminations JUNIORHIGHSCHOOL.HaroldStreetEntrance. AlsoatLEAROYDSTREET,MT.LAWLEY. ForProspectusapplyREV.MOTHERPRIORESS.

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CONDUCTEDBYTHEMARISTBROTHERS. BoysreadyforatleastSixthClass,andrecommendedby theirParishPriest,cannowbeenrolledfor1948.Onlyinvery specialcircumstanceswillanyfreshapplicantsfor1947beconsidered.Anypreferenceswillbegiventocountryboys. ForParticularsapplyto-THEBROTHERDIRECTOR.

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ALEX

TworestthreatstoAustralia'sSurvival

Australia,likemanyofthenationsoftheworldto-day,is sick.Itisamatterofconjecturewhetherthediseasethat afflictsthiscountrywillprovefatalornot.Whilethepopular ideaandwidespreadpracticeofbirth-controlandcontraceptioncontinuestodominateAustralianlife,thenweareforced toconcludethatAustraliaisdyingonherfeet.Withouteven approachngherprime,theyoungestofthenationsisgoingthe wayofancientRome,inthiscase,aprematuredecline.Invain didherpatriotstrytostaveoffRome'simpendingdoom.In vaindidtheytrytoarrestthedecliningbirth-rate,bybribes andpunishments.Therothadsetin.Rome'sinternaldecay andfinaldissolutionwerethenaturalconsequenceofpaganism andthemodernformofthesamevirusthreatensAustralia'sexistenceto-day.

Ourdecliningbirth-rateand theenormoussaleofcontraceptivegoodspointtothisterrible reality.Thisisacommercialisedandcontraceptiveage.We havegiventheprioritytobeer, betsandblondes,andthe"bets" haveassumedtheproportionof agreatsecondaryindustry.We ignorethewarningsoftheexpertsthatwe"mustpopulateor perish."Statisticiansremind usweareadyingrace,that

ByD.MONTFORT.

afteraperiodthepopulationwill decrease.Thiscontinentcould notbeheldwithamerehandfulofpeople,adjacenttoAsia's teemingmillions.Thetrefore, populationisoururgentneed. Howcanweincreaseit?To restorehealthtoadiseasedbody, firstofallitisnecessarytoseek andthenremovethecauseofthe malady,whetheritisanenvironment,acertaindietorlackof it,oraspecificgerm.Thecancerousgrowthofbirth-controlis sappingAustralia'sstrength, morallyandphysically.Totrace therootcauseoftheevilinordertoremoveit,ifpossible,historypointstoancientRomeas anexampleofpaganismworking itselfout,withterribleresults. Religiousindifferenceandagodlesssecularsystemofeducation ismainlyresponsibleforthe

practiceofbirth-controlinAustraliato-day,.DuringtheWar, thelateDr.Temple,Archbishop ofCanterburystatedthatin Englandthedeclineinhonesty andmoralitywasverysteep. Australiacouldeasilymakethe samegrade,perhapsasteeper one.Torestorethenation, then,wemust,ifpossible,removethecauseofherdecline, namely,religiousindifferenceand agodlesseducationalsystem.It wasWinstonChurchillwhoremarkedthatreligionwasaprimaryelementineducationand shouldnotbeomitted.

Ifweexaminebirth-control itselfmoreclosely,weshallfind furtherproofsofthiscontention.Manypeople,following theexampleofLuther,regard marriageasacivilcontract fromwhichasmuchadvantage aspossiblemaybegained,with theleasttrouble.TheChristian ideaofmarriage,itssacredness andobligationsoffidelity,are absent,soinAustraliawefind onemarriageineverytenends indivorce.Gladstone,theBritishstatesman,saidthatifdivorcetookholdofEnglandthen thatwastheendoftheEmpire.

Birth-controlisagainstnature. Naturetakesherrevengeonthe violatersofherlaws.How manyofusrealisethatsterility, nervousdisorders,cancer,and sometimeslunacymaybetheresults?

Themoraldepravityofbirthcontrolisrevealedbyitsevil consequences,givingrisetoadulteryandtoanunnaturalfearof; conception,whichleadstoa' hatredofthechild.Thus,when conceptionsometimesdoesoccur, resorttoabortionisoftenpractised.InAustraliathelossof populationduetoabortionis veryhigh,alsomortalityofthe mothers.Tennyson'sKnight couldboast:"Mystrengthisas thestrengthoftenbecausemy heartispure."Puritymeans strength,strengthofmindand

edbytheChristianBrothers. Theirfarmsof200acrescombineintensiveculturewithgrazingstock.Theyareself-supporting,andbecausemadeupof manysidelines,thereforegive greatersecuritytotheowners. Smallerfarmsofintensiveculturehelptoelminatethesolitude ofcountrylifeandmakeitmore social,whereaslargeholdingsof oneortwolinestendtobecome commercialisedandareless stable.Bigholdings-usually verygoodland-shouldbepurchasedbytheGovernment.

Smoke"onlyoneortwoweeks ofthefifty-two,andsometimes lessthanthat. Ihaveseencity men,ontheotherhand,whowere sentontolonelyrailwaystations inthebush.Atvocationtime theserefusedtoleavetheirabode forthetown,contenttoremain intheplace. Wemustbringouryouthto knowtheland.TodothisI wouldsuggestholidaycampsin suitablefarmareaswherethe boyscouldseeandtakepartin farmingoperations.Iwould alsosuggesttheGovernment shouldsubsidiserespectablefarm homeswherecityladscouldbe boardedatholidaytime.This wouldalsoserveasalinkbetweentownandcoutitry.

Incidentally,itwouldbebeneficialfromahealthpointof view,too.Iwouldsuggestthat theGovernmentopenhostelsin thecountry.Forinstance,in thisStateahostelonthemain Geraldtonroad,afewmiles fromBoys'Town,Bindoon,where bothparentsandboyscould,on holidays,seethegreatfarming venturethere.Fielddays,conductedbyexpertsfromtheDenartmentofAgriculture,could bearrangedfromthiscentre.

andKODAKFilmto MAKEthepicturebrighter andbetterGoodsnapshotsaresimpleto makeonKODAKFilm -youclicktheshutterandITdoesthe rest

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body.Itisadifficultanddelicateflower,reservedalmostexclusivelytoChristianculture alone.ItwasoneofthecounselsgivenfromtheMount, "Blessedarethecleanofheart, fortheyshallseeGod."The guaranteeofavision,wellworth ourbesteffortstomerit.Any evidenceofthispreceptformulatedbytheFounderofChristianityisnottobefoundinour secularsystemofeducation,and thisomissionisresponsiblefor anincorrectviewofmarriage, resultingininfidelity,divorce, limitationoffamiliestooneor twochildren,abortion-alladversefactorsforanincreasein population.Professionalabortionbymedicalmenisnotanuncommonpractice.Inthisre-

Thesebigholdingsarenotcapableofdevelopmentasthey stand,and,therefore,theGovernmentshouldsplitthemup intosmalllots.Smallself-contained,independentfarmsshould heencouragedratherthanlarge scale,oftenhazardous,farming ventureswithheavyoverhead expensesofplant,etc.,ofoneor twolines.Thisiscommercialisedfarming,wheretheowners purchasefromthestorefoodstuffsthatcouldbeproducedon thefarm.InAmericalargescalecommercialisedfarmshave amuchlowerbirth-ratethanthe ordinaryfarm.InEuropea smallfarmgivesthebestresults.Wherefarmsarelarger, outputislessinproportion. Thereislessprofitbecauseover-

Iwouldliketosee,asfaras W.A.isconcerned,anagricultural,collegeopenedatNewNorcia.OfalltheStatesW.A. seemstoofferthemostscope, becauselandischeaperhereand thereismorelandtohebrought intocultivation.Thecollege suggestedatNewNorciawould beundertheshadowandinfluenceoftheage-oldandcultured BenedictineOrderthatoncerenewedthefaceofuncivilisedEurope.Farming,isascience. Notthedullards,butthebest brainsareneededonourfarms.

AsarevivalofChristianity antiaback-to-the-landmovement areessentialforAustralia'sincreasedpopulation,andbothare complementarytoeachother,the CatholicBishopsofAustralia haveundertakenaplanofimmigration,particularlyofyouths fromEurope,whichisverygratifying.Butalsoofnoteisthe workoftheNationalCatholic RuralMovement,thatwillplay

CatholicEssayistOutlines

RuralReconstructionScheme

gard,severemeasurescouldbe introducedbytheGovernment againsttheseviolatersofall laws,civil,naturalanddivine. Australia'shopeofrecovery thenliesinaChristianrevivalif wearetostemthedeclining birth-rateandincreaseourpopulation.Religiousandmoral forces,asonewriterstates, "mustbeawakenedandstrengthened."Hereisourmosteffectiveremedy.However,itseems toomuchtoexpectthatthree, quartersoftheAustralianpeoplewho,inpractice,havenoreligion,willturnbodilytoa Christianwayoflife.Therefore,itisnecessaryfortheremainingfourth,whoprofessand practiseChristianity,tocounteracttheapathyofthemajority, tocultivatemoreearnestlytheir leaveninginfluenceonthewhole, ratherthansuccumbtothe plagueofbirth-controlthatsurroundsthem.Inthisconflict, inthestruggleforsupremacy, theremaybehopeofvictory, andofAustralia'ssalvationin onesolution,andIthinkitisa returntotheland.

ThecountryisthebestenvironmentforaChristianwayof lifeandalsoforanincreasein population.To-day,Australia's citieshaveadecliningbirthrate,whileintheruralareas onlyisourpopulationontheincrease. A"back-to-the-land" movementisourobjectivethen, andalthoughadifficultundertaking,shouldbeapossibility.Alreadythereisevidenceofmovementinthisdirectionthat shouldencourageus.AtMqreskAgriculturalCollege,Northam,atTardunandBindoon, wehaveseenplansbeingformulatedtotrainboysandplace themonready-madefarmswhen theyareofage.AtTardunand Bindoontheladsarebeingtrain-

headchargesarehigher.The sameprofitmadebyinvesting £100inbuyingmorelandcould bemadebyputtinghalfthe amountofcapitalintoimprovementsonthepresentholding. AustralianconditionsmaydifferfromEuropean,stillthese findingscouldbetriedoutinthis country,possiblywithgoodresults.

inarecentbrilliantbroadcast Rev.FatherAustinKelly,S.J., referredtotheobstaclesincidentaltoaback-to-the-landmovementinAustralia,amongwhich hementionedtheheavyburden offinanceandinterest,thelack ofamenitiesonafarm,poor housing,thesolitude,andfinally,thecravingforthecitylife. Nodoubt,theseareobstacleswe mustminimiseorremoveifpossiblebypressingforareformof someoftheseconditions.Not wholly,ofcourse,forafarmer's wholeexistenceistheovercomingofnaturalobstacleswhich formpartofhisworkandwMch develophischaracterandpersonality.Infact,thebushorsoil isanadversarywithwhom,like JacobofoldandtheAngel,the farmermuststruggle,andshould hewinthrough,.hegainsanunfailingfriend,orratheramother, tonourishandsustainhimas longaslifelasts.Tothebeginnerthen,thisstruggleshould bedesiredratherthanavoided. Indeedtheobstaclesarenotas badasmayfirstappear.Bycooperativesandcreditunions, whichappeartobegraduallya reality,greatersecurityforthe individualfarmerisbeingsecured.Asforthehardshipsof 'countrylife,itisremarkablehow theoldpioneerswouldnotchange theirhardlifeforthatofthe city!Allthecomfortsand amusementsofthebigcitycould holdtheoldtimerinthe"Big

abigpartinsavingAustralia byChristianisingthecountryside,bymakingthecountryfit forcitypeopletogoto.The N.C.R.M.isalsocheckingthe driftfromthelandtothecity. TheMovementisonlyinitsinfancy,buthasgreatpromise. Theideaistoestablishgroupsin everycountrycentre,useco-operativesandcreditunions,and extendbenefitsto,infact,membersofeverydenomination,all onaChristianbasis.

IftheN.C.R.M.,orsimilar Australian-widemovementtakes aholdofthecountry,thenrural reformmustfollowintime.Irrigationschemes,betterhousing, electricity,bettermarketing,and asoundimmigrationpolicywill result.Inotherwordsthere wouldbebuiltasolidfoundationandthesenecessaryanddesirableschemeswouldcometo pass.Asolidfoundationis essentialforsuccess.

PopularopinionmustbedirectedbytheGovernmenttoboostingtheland.Onceuponatime therewasafreeGovernment grantof160acresofCrownland tothemanwhowouldtakeup residenceonthatblock.The difficultywastogetlandclose tomainroadsortransport,also closeenoughtocountrytowns toworksuccessfully.

IntimeofdepressiontheGovernmentputsmenonpublic works,onthedoleandonsustenancejobs,depressingand souldestroying.Woulditnot bebettertogiveamanfiveto tenacresoflandtoallowhim producehisownrequirements ratherthanherdhiminagang onunproductivepublicworks? Thatwouldgivehimscopefor hiscreativefacultyandanew interestinlife.Butwhywait foradepression?Nowwould (ContinuedonPage11)

By"GROUCHO."

*DiaryofaCatholicMerchantSeaman

BYWAYOFINTRODUCTION.

Ihad.alwayswantedtogoto sea.Itisdifficulttosayat whatexactperiodinmylife1 firsthadtheurge.Maybe1, waswhenIwastakenforthe firsttimetoanoceanbeachand gazedpensivelyattheblueexpansebeforeme;orelse,perhaps,itwasafewyearslater, whenatschoolonedaywehad tomemoriseMasefield'slittle gem,"IMustGoDowntothe SeaAgain."Iwasdetermined thatMasefieldwouldnotbethe onlyone.TheverynextdayI playedtruantandwentoffto Fremantletostarewide-eyedat theinterestingcollectionofshippingintheharbour.Evenyet IcanrememberthethrillIhad whenforthefirsttime1timidlywalkedupagangwayand roamedaboutabigship.Who caredifitwasonlysomeslightlydisreputableoldtrampdischargingcoal?Tomethe "QueenMary,"ifshehadbeen builtinthosefar-offdays,would nothavebeenmorefascinating. Again,howwellIrememberfiringamyriadofquestionsat someshort,blue-eyedsailor.He seemedveryoldtome,butin thosedaysIconsideredanyone over30yearsofagetobeanold man!Iamafraidthathispatienceandgood-humouredreplies onlyeggedmeontofurther questioning.HowImusthave boredhim-andyethegaveno sign.SincethenIhavediscoveredthatmostseafaringfolk enjoyayarnwithanyonewho showsagenuineinterestintheir doingsorwork.Aewetermed itintheNavy,"spihningadit," wasawelcomerespitefroma dailyroutinethatattimesvergedonthemonotonous.

FRUSTRATEDAMBITION.

Onedaytowardstheendofmy primaryschooldays,Iarrived homeratherbreathless,andtold thefamilythatitwasmyintentiontojointheNavy.(Age limitsinthosedoesdidnotconcernmeovermuch!)Themajoritytookthenewswithacertainphilosophiccalmness,buta

mostpowerfulminority-inthe formoffather-reactedinstantly.Maybe"reacted"istoomild aterm.Explodedismorecorrect.Imustbefair,andsoI placeonrecordhereandnow thatfather'sexplosionsneveref-

MENACEOFEDUCATION.

AyearlaterIhadatripto Sydneyonthe"Katoomba,"and returnedonthe"Karoola."My oldyearningfortheseastirred again.Itwassoon,however,to getaseverejolt,whenthefamily(father)decidedtosendme tocollegeforaperiodoffour years,oruntilsuchtimeas1obtainedtheLeavingCertificate. Dueeithertoexcessivekindlinessordownrightcarelessness onthe.partoftheexaminersap- pointedfortheyear1930,the periodwasonlyfouryears.It wasagloriouslyhappyandfruitfuloneformeatawonderful Catholiccentre,andthefriend. shipsIbeganthere,bothwith theBrothersandfellow-students, haVebeenaconstantsourceof pleasuretomeeversince.Maythebondsforgedinmybeloved NewNorciaberetainedbyme formanyyearstocome.

"SETTLINGDOWN"RESTIVELY.

Iwasdraftedtosmallcraftthat escortedthemfromGageRoads forafewmiles.Theirony- andoh!thepityofit!

Theysaythereisnolovelike afirstlove.PerhapsIamnot qualifiedtospeak. Ionlyfell inloveonce.Thiswasata kiddies'birthdayparty,whereI, in girlsheerexuberance,pushedthe nextdoorontoaprickle bush-andshecameupsmiling withoutanydisplayofheat, pricklyorotherwise!Pardon thisdigression. Istillwanted totravel,andIwasstillfirmly convincedthatthedaywould come.Ithascome,andnowI ambeginningtowonderifthat perversestreakofluckthathas consistentlydoggedmyfootsteps whenevertheyhaveturnedseawardswillappearagain.MaybetheshipIhavesignedontodaywillprobablyfounder(with butafewsurvivors)ononeof themanyreefsoffRottnestor alongthecoasttoGeraldton,our firstportofcall.Iamhoping forthebest.)

ForthefirsttimeinmylifeI haveresolvedtokeepadiary.In, thisbookIamdeterminedtorecordtruthfully(whatuseisa diaryunlessithasthisvirtue?), andwithallpossibleaccuracy andbrevity,mycandidimpressionsofships,thementhatsail them,lifeaboard,andthevan ousportsofcall.ShouldI consideritunfairtoprovideanyonewiththeidentityofanypar- ticularshiporperson,Iwillnot doso.Itisnotoftenthata ship,evenatramp,stayslonger thantwoorthreeweeksina port,otherthanitshomeport, andforthisreasonaloneIdo notintendtosetmyselfupas anauthorityoneverythingconcerningthatparticularport, andthepeopleandproblemsof thecountryitserves.Any opinions,unlessotherwisestated, willbemyown,andIwilltry toremainasunbiassedasany meremortalcan. 1willseeand hearasmuchasispossibleinmy hoursoff.ThatisallIwill writeabout.(TobeContinued.)

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MR.SYDNEYANDERSONtheauthorofthisstory-who leftlastMarchonhisvoyage overthe"BlueRoads." fectedanyonefatally,butthe ear-drumsandmoraleofallpresentwithinfiftyfeetwouldsimplyceasetofunctionforayear later.Isupposeyoucouldcall ourfamilyinthoseearly'nineteen-twentiesanold-fashioned one.Wechildrenthoughtit wasstillagoodideatobesubjecttoourparents,andalthough therevoltagainstparentalcontrolhadstartedinmany"enlightened"households,andquite afewofone'splayfellowswere drawingupaGuidefortheConductofParents,weGrouchos neverbothered.TheNavyhad towait.

RuralReconstruction

(ContinuedfromPage10.)

beanacceptabletime-acontented,hardworkingcitizen,providingforhisfamilywiththe labourofhisownhandswould surelybeanassetandnota liabilityonthenation.

tion,4

Manyofmygenerationwill not,I oriesamsure,havehappymemofthosegrimdepression yearsof1920-32.Allthepro- fessionsseemedovercrowded, andmostbusinesshousesconsideredone"tooold"ateighteen foremployment.Ihadthought oftheTeachers'Train'ngcollege;butthatinstitutionhad beenclosedPSaneconomymeasurebytheGovernment. Ibecamemildlyinterestedinanaccountancycourse,andintime scrapedthroughafewexaminationsthatenabledmetogeta positioninasmallinsurance office.Iwassillthinkingand dream!ngofthesea,butasin practicallyeverythingelse,there wasalsoasevereslumpinshipping.Manymerchantseamen wereamongtheunemployed. 1 remainedintheofficefornearly tenyears,duringwhichtimeI rosetothepositionofchief clerkandaccountant.Alsoin thisperiodIhadshortbutmost enjoyableseacruisesalongour north-westcoast,andalsotothe EasternStatesandNewZealand.Theseplayedtheirpart inhelpingmetosettledownto officeroutine,but,liketheimmortalMicawber,Istillhoped forsomethingtoturnup! ofCommunism,willalsobereduced.Finallythelandisthe lastresortoffreemeninaworld wheretheindividualisrapidly losinghisfreedomunderbeaurocraisgovernments.Ifthislast citadeloffreemenshouldfall then,inthepoet'swords:

Itiswelltorecallthatin.they upheavaloftheFrenchRevolu-

theBretonpeasantsretainedtheirsanitywhentherestof Francewentmad.Theirfaith, solidastheearthonwhichit thrived,gavethemfidelityto Godandcountry-thatfaithto whichthegreatPasteurpaid thecomplimentofsaying:wilie moreIlearn,themoremyfaith approachesthatoftheBreton peasant."

Substantialsecondaryindustriescouldbesetupincountry towns,thusdrawingthepopulationawayfromourcapitalcities, andsoformingbettermarkets forthefarmingcommunitiesadjacenttothesecountrytowns and,bymutualtrade,increasing theirprosperity.

Intimeofcrisismenhave beenraiseduptosavetheir country.ItwasJoanofArc,a merewoman,yetagreatleader, who,withswordinhand,ledthe Frenchsoldierstovictory.Australia,too,needsaleaderorinspiredgroupofmenwho,holdingalofttheploughsharesof agriculture-andofpeace-Nvill leadforthouryouthfromthe crowdedcitiestothebracing airofthebush,inthat"green revolution"thatwillrenewthe countrysideandthenation.A stronginjectionofimmigration willbeofgreatbenefit,particularlyifmadefromruralparts ofEuropewherethebirth-rate ishigh. LetAustraliareturntothe landinstrengthandintimeof depressionwewillhaveastable andsecureblocinthecountry, asafeguardagainstrevolution. ThenumbersofthepropertY, lessprotetariat,oftenembryos

"Illfaresthelandtohastening illsaprey, Wherewealthaccumulatesand mendecay. Princesandlordsmayperish, Abreathcanmakethem,a breathhasmade, Buttheboldpeasantry,ournation'spride, Whenoncedestroyed,cannever besupplied."

Tosumup.Australia's perilisgreat,herdangervery real.Hermaladyhasbeen diagnosedandaremedysuggested,namely,aback-to-the-land movement,onaChristianbasis. Thisisimpossiblewithoutmakingthelandbetterknown,especiallytoouryouth.Immigrationwillhelp.Butfirstlet usputourownhouseinorder. Atonicisofmostvaluetoa personwhenconvalescent.Let usfirstmakeourlandafitplace forimmigrantstocometo.This isthetaskoftheN.C.R.M.,which givesgreatpromise.Australiamustdecideherdestiny-topopulateorperish.To postponeafavourabledecision wouldhedangerous,ifnotfatal.

Nowisthetimetoact.Nowis thetimeforChristianstorise fromtheirsleepinagreatcrusade,nottodrivetheinfidelfrom theHolyLand,butthespiritof paganismfromtheirhearthsand hearts,theenemywithinwho openlyfloutsthelawsofGod, drawingthiscountrytonational suicide.InGod'sname,letus gotothetaskthatliesahead.

LetusrememberAustralian babiesareourbestimmigrants. TotheGreenRevolutionwemust lookforsuchbabies,whowill beourownandAustralia'ssalvation.

In1942somethingdid"turn up"-withavengeance.Japan hadthenstartedhervictorious marchsouthwardatanalarminglyrapidrate,andnow,forthe secondtimeinmylife,Ithought Ihadabrainwave.(Myfirst brainwaveresultedinmyreceptionintotheCatholicChurchon themostmemorableandhappy dayofmylife,inJune,1937. Strictlyspeaking,ofcourse,it wasGod'sidea,andIknowthat Ishouldnotclaimtoomuchcreditforit.StillIliketothink ofitthatway.)InallmodestyIthoughttheideasimply brilliant.Iwouldjointhe R.A.N.V.R.Inadditiontodoingmyhumblespotofdutyfor mycountry,myoldlovewould besatisfied.SoonIwouldbe outtheremovingoverthose manyblueroadsthatleadtomaybeColombo,portsofthe EastIndies,gallantbattered Malta,or,perhaps,evenEngland herself.Theoldlovethathad beensubjugatedformulchtoo longagainsurgedwithinme. Yes,sir!Iwouldgodowntothe seaagain.Threedefinitelyrous ingcheersfortheNavy!

Nowcomesasadpartinmy narrative,andshouldyou,gentle reader(astheyusedtosayin thosetragic,earlyVictorian novels)'haveanytears,itwould bebesttoshedthemnow.Itis notforsecurityreasonsthatI passquicklyandquietlyovermyactivitiesinthenextfouryears Thesubjectisfartoopainful. Theblueroadsthat1traversed inthisperiodwerecontainedin afifty-mileradiusofFremantle andRottnest!Inbetweenshore dutiesIwasdraftedtovarious 'mallpatrolcraftasaLeading Signalman.Ofcourse.Isaw alltheamazingarrayofbattle ships,aircraft-carriers,giant linersandtransports,submarine repairships,submarines,floating docks,minesweepers,andmybelovedmerchantships;butinstead ofsailingawayononeofthem

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Ring,WriteorCall. 'PHONEB3555. J.P.BOURKE,Proprietor.

mileAWHILE

Thetenderfootthoughthe couldride,andmountedapony infrontofalotofcowboys.The ponysoonthrewhim.Acowboy,helpinghimup,said:"Well! Whatthrewyou?"

"Whatthrewme?Why,she buckedsomethingfearful!Didn't youseeherbuck?"criedthetenderfoot.

"Buck!"saidthecowboy."She onlycoughed!"

*

Thehometeamwasgetting badlyknockedabout,muchto thedismayanddisapprovalof itssupporters.

Atlastthefeelingsofoneexcitedmemberofthecrowdgot beyondhim.

"Isay,ref.,"heroared,"can't youseeafoulunlessit'sgotfeyverson?"

Jacksonmetanoldschool friendwhomhehadnotseenfor anumberofyears.

"Hullo,oldchap,"hesaid heartily,"Ihearyou'vebeenengagedfornearlyayear.Who isthewomaninthecase?"

"Oh,Idon'tthinkyouknow her,"repliedhisfriend."She's aMissTerry."

Theothergravelyshookhis head.

"Oh,yes,Iunderstand,old chap,"hereplied."I'vebeen marriedtoonefortenyearsand she'sstillamystery."

"Here,what'sthis?"askedthe dinerinacountryhotel.looking suspiciouslyataglassofunpleasant-lookingliquid."IaskedforVichywater."

"It'sthewaterthe'addocks wasboliedin,sir,"saidthewaiter."It'stheonlyfishywater we'vegot."

* * * *

Inthesmokingcompartment theconversationturnedonthe meritsofvariouswaysofpreservinghealth.Onestout,florid manhadquitealottosay.

"Lookatme"hesaid."Never aday'ssicknessinmylife,and allduetosimplefood.Why," hecontinued,"fromtwentyto fortyIlivedanabsolutelyregularlife-noeffeminatedelicacies, nolatehours,noextravagances Everyday,summerandwinter, Iwasinbedregularlyatnine o'clock,andupagainatfivein themorning.Iworkedfrom eighttoone,thenhaddinner-a plaindinner,markmywords; afterthatanhour'sexercise;then-"

"Excuseme,"interruptedthe facetiousstrangerinthecorner, "butwhatwereyouinfor?" *

Theclasshadbeenlearninga poem.Onreachingtheline, "There'satintthatpaintsthe rose,"theteacherasked: "Cananyonetellmewhata tintis?"

Upwentthesmallhandof LizzieSmith.

fromthe

Ayoungbarrister,inaharryingcross-examinationofalandlady,wastryingtodiscredither boarding-houseintheeyesof thejury.Shespokeofcertain lodgerswhoneverwentoutat nightandthebarristerfixedher withcocksureeye.

"Anestofstrangebirdsthese lodgersofyoursseemtobe,"he said."Aretheyintrainingto hemonks,oristheresomereasonforhidingthemselvesfrom thepublic?"

"No,sir,"repliedthelandlady, "they'restudyingforthelaw."

ProspectiveBuyeroftiredlookinghorse:"'Ereyouare.I'll giveyoutenbobforhim."

Auctioneer(calmly):"Iwould notwakehimupforthat!"

Mrs.Newrich:"Whopainted thispicture?"

Dealer:"Itisalithograph." Mrs.Newrich:"Ofcourse-I knowthatIoughttorecognise hisstyle."

Inalettertohissweetheart,a soldier,meaningitasacompliment,nodoubt,wrotethefollowingpassage:

"Ihaveyourpicturehere, Mary,andsometimesIgetvery homesick,butIjusttakeyour pictureoutofmypocket,and whenIlookatyourfaceIdon't feelhomesickanymore."

Hiswifebegantolaughat him.

"Yousilly,"shesaid;"fancy beingsuperstitiousafterall theseyears!Why,doyourememberthefirsttimewemet? Wewalkedunderalad*,and yousaidyouweresuresomethinghorriblewouldhappento you."

"Well?"saidhe.'

Amanwenttoconsultasolicitor.

"WhatcanIdo,"heasked,"to aboywhothrewastoneand brokeoneofmywindows?"

"Youcanmakehisfatherpay forthedamage,"repliedthesolicitor.

"Then,"saidtheman,triumphantly,"perhapsyou'llhandme fourshillings.Itwasyoursot whodidthedamage."

"Isthatso?"repliedthesolicitor."Itsimplfiesmatters.If youhandmetwo-and-eightpence, weshallbequits."

* * * *

Atheatricalproducerwasgivinganauditiontosomeaspirantstostagefame.Afterthe. auditionhesaidtooneofthem: "Iamgoingtoofferyouapart inmynewshow,youngman."

"Whatkindofapartisit?" askedtheyouth,eagerly.

"Youwillactasa'feed'for theprincipalcomedian,"came thereply.

"Goodheavens!"exclaimedthe other,alarmed."Whatsortofa chapishe-acannibal?"

Aladyenteredaporkbutcher'sshopandsaid:"Thosetwo legsofporkyousentmelast weekwereverygood.Haveyou anymoreofthem?"

Butcher:"Yes,ma'am.There aretwoherequitethesame."

Lady:"Ifyouarequitecertainthattheyareoffthesame pigaslastweekI'lltakethem, andyoucansendmetwomore nextweek."

"Oh,yes,"saidthepilotofthe riverboat,"I'vebeenonthe riversolongIknowwhereevery sandbankis."

Justthentheboatstrucka sandbankandwasshakenfrom stemtostern.

"There,"hecontinued,"that's oneofthem."

"Well,Lizzie?" teacher.

"WhattheIndianslivein," promptlyrespondedLizzie. *

Thetravelleratthesmallhotel rangthebellandsentforthe landlady.

"Erteldon'twanttocomplain," hemurmured,"buttheredoesn't appeartobeanyescapeherein caseoffire-or-er-anyother emergency."

"There'snotgoingtobeany fire,"camethegrimresponse, "noranyotheremergency,for you'regoingtopayinadvance."

Customer:"Iwilltakethis book-isitinteresting?"

Bookseller:"Icannotsay-1 havenotreadit."

"What!Yousellbooksand yetdonotreadthem?"

"But,madame,WereIachemist,youwouldnotexpectmeto takealltheprescriptionsImade up.* * * *

Whilecrossingaparkanold womannoticedoneofthosemen whogoaroundjabbingapointed stickintoscrapsofpaperto gatherthemup.

Stopping,shesaid,kindly, "Don'tyoufindthatworkvery tiring?"

YOUCANDOALLYOURSHOPPINGAT the GOLDFIELDS' LEADING EMPORIUM whereyoualwaysget THEBESTOFSERVICE rtt Advertising Rates Birth,Engagement,Marriage,Death,Funeral,InMemoriam, andBereavementNotices:4s.for85words;ld.perword over. (EngagementAnnouncementsmustbesignedbybothparties). ReportsofFunerals:3s.persinglecolumninch(40words toaninch. WeddingReports:3spersinglecolumninch,forspaceused byblockandletterpress,pluscostofphoto.block.Reports withoutphoto4s.perinch.Reportstobesanctionedby ParishPriest. ForSale,ToLet,Situations(WantedorVacant),andBoard andResidence:20wordsfor2/6;over20,1d.perwordextra SchoolResultsmustbeaccompaniedbyletterofauthorisation andmustbetypewrittenorinblockletters,andwillbepublishedintheorderreceivedatthisoffice., ContractRatesforgeneraladvertisingonapplicationtoAdvertising'tanager. TheManagementreservetherighttorefuseanyadvertisement itdeemsunsuitable. TheManagement,whileexercisingeverycare,acceptsnoresponsibilityforanylosssustainedfromerrorsoromissionswhichrrayoccurinadvertisements. L11enquiriesconcerningadvertisingshouldbeaddressedto theAdvertisingManager,"TheRecord,"460HayStreet, Perth.'PHONZB6960.

MiklosGafnihasbeenheraldedasanewCarusofromHungary,andleadingnewspapers fromthegreatcapitalsarequotedashavingusedthestrongest possiblesuperlativestodescribe thebeautyofhisvoice.Hehas indeedagloriousvoice,butto placeMiklosGafniamongthe world'sgreatestsingerswould beashaz,ardousasventuringto evaluateagreatpearlbeforeexperthandshadprepareditand provedittobewithoutblemish rightthrough.Thepossession ofamagnificentStradivarius,

Italianstyle,robbedthemofthe smoothnessandpoignancyof calmdeep-flowingmusicalfeelingthattheydemand.

RECITALONWEDNESDAY, AUGUST20th. ThefirsthalfofMiklosGafni'a finalprogrammewasofamuch moreseriousnature.consisting ofagroupofearlyItaliancomposers,someSchubertandaMozartAria.Iwillnotreferto theseindividually,becausethe sameremarkappliestoall.Gafni hasgotawonderfulvoice,andin

Gafni

aNewCaruso?

eveninthehandsofagoodviolinist,doesnotmakehimagreat violinist.Ittakes,notayear, notyetsixyears,butaneven longerperiodofstudyandexperiencetoreachthatdegreeofpreeminencethatwouldmakehim thepeeroftheordinarymusician sittingaroundhiminanygood symphonyorchestra.

ThesingermadehisfirstappearanceinPerthwiththeSymphonyOrchestraonSaturday night,August16.Heappeared beforeusasabig,good-natured child,soeagertoplease,so eagertobefoundpleasing,revellinginthelovelyvoicehe possesses.Onefelttemptedto putasideallsenseofdiscrimination,toforgetMozartand Tschaikowski,andenjoyGafni.

That,however,wasdifficultto do,evenforthemosttolerant person,whentheorchestrahad onlyjustfinishedtheirfineperformanceoftheBachSuite.He sangtheAriafromthe"Magic Flute"withmoreearlyVerdian gustothanMozartianfinesse. Willexperienceteachhimtolis. tenearnestly,anddeferentially tothebeautifulandartistic GlyndebourneandSalzburgrecordingsofMozart?The TschaikowskiAriadidnotlend itselftosuchheavilyvivacious treatment,butitwasquiteevidentthatforthistypeofwork thereisneedforagreatdevelopmentofartisticunderstanding. Assooftenhappens,thereis suchanamazingcontrastbetweentheorchestra'ssensitive andunderstandingtreatmentof suchaworkandthatofThe singer.

RECITALONMONDAY,18th.

Theprogrammethetenorchose forhisMondaynightrecitalat theCapitolwasofaverydifferentorderfromthatoftheorchestralconcert,andIaminclinedtothinkthattheaudience, too,wasadifferentone.Itwas averylargeone,thatofthefollowingWednesdaybeinglarger still,butneitherofthemsolarge astheSaturdaySymphonyConcert.Thisleadsmetoreflect thatwhenDameNellieMelbaallegedlyadvisedsomeoneorother to"singthemmuck,"itwaspossiblysageadviceataperiod whensingersmostlychoseprogrammesthatwouldattractthe typeofaudiencethatifthey werehonestwouldadmitthat theyadored"muck."Ihaveno intentionofbeingdrawnintodefiningwhatmusical"muck"is, butmostmusicalpeopleknow exactlywhatDameMelbameant; butthepointisthatallthetime therewasalargeraudiencewho wouldintimebefarmoreattractedbymoreadvancedforms ofmusic,asourownconcerts areundoubtedlyshowing.

Mostofthesongschosensuitedhisvoicewell.Mostwere byItaliancomposers,andthe Italiansandthepeoplesfromsurroundingcountriesarebornwith thetemperamentandemotional ebuliancenecessarytosingItalianoperaandmostotherItalian stylesofsongwiththetraditionalzestandfieryemotion. MiklosGafnicoulddothisso well,thatonewouldhavetobe amusicalsnobnottoallowone's selftoenjoyhimthoroughly.In theseandintheHungarianfolksongs,thebeautifulqualitiesof hisvoiceshoneout.IntheMassenetsongs,however,lackof sufficientmusicalexperienceand theinevitableover-emphatic

BOOKREVIEW

"OurBlessedMother

II

certainstyleshereallycanuse it,buttheimprintoftheone stylesofwhichheismasteris uponallelsehesings,andwhere itisreallyobvioustohimthatit isbutillfitting,hehasnothing withwhichtoreplaceit.Asa smallconcreteinstance:Italian operasingers,eventhegreatest, oftenattackanoteslightlyflat fortheemotionaleffecttheyimagineresults.Thishasledto wholepassagesbeingslightly, butannoyingly,flat.IhavebypassedtheEnglishsongs;they cannotbeconsideredveryseriously,andevidentlythesinger wasfollowingDameNellie Melba'sadvice,withmostsatisfyingresultsasfarastheMondayandWednesdayaudiences wereconcerned.

Thebook,"Our.Blessed Mother,"containsaseriesof talksgiventotheSistersofan IrishconventbythelateRev. FatherE.Leen,C.S.S.P.Itis aposthumousworkeditedby FatherFennelly,oftheCongregationoftheHolyGhost.

LikeallofFatherLeen's works,thisbookisnotonlya gemofspiritualwriting,butit isalsotheoutpouringofasoul thatenteredintothesecretof truesanctity,unionwithGod throughHisBlessedMother.

ThelateFatherLeenrealised thattheroleplayedbyOurLady intheschemeofoursanctificationisnotonlyanimportant one,butratheronethatisvital andessential.

Thislittlebookrightlyinsists ontheDivineMaternityofOur Ladyasthesourceofherhigh honourandthereasonofourdevotiontoHer.Itisfromthis factthatHertruegreatness comes.

ShewastheMotherofGod andourMotheralso.Thisby atripleright,first,becauseas MotherofJesus,Shewasalso MotherofHisMysticalbody.

SheisourMother,too,byvirtueofherofficeasCo-Redemptrixofthehumanrace,andfinallybyreasonofthatmaternal solicitudeShehasforusall.

FatherLeenmusthavemeditateddeeplyandcarefullyrmaly-

sedeverywordhewrote.Very fewwritershavebeenableto expresstheirthoughtsinsuch clearsimplelanguageasheis abletodo.

HepicturesOurLadyasa veryhumanperson,abusy housewife,agooddomesticand needlewoman.HebringsMariandevotiondowntoapractical levelandshowshowwecanbest imitateHerinHerfullChristianity,inthatunselfishdevotiontoHerSon.

Heremarksverytrulythat veryoftenthepicturespainted ofOurLadybyspiritualwriters leaveuscold.Weareledto admireHerinadetachedsortof way,butwearenotdrawnto imitateHer.FatherLeen'splan isdifferent,and,pleaseGod, throughthisbook,wewillbe abletoknowandserveHerbetter.

Thebookisalsoenrichedby fourchaptersoftheImmaculate HeartofMarybythelateRev. FatherJ.Kearney,C.S.S.P.

FatherFennellyhasrendered usaninvaluableserviceingivingusthisbook.Wewhohave knownFatherLeenthroughhis bookscanseehisspiritshining throughthesepages.Itisthe livingpictureoftheardentsoul ofoneofthegreatestofmodernwriters. -ROGET.

iseriminations

OnceagaintheHungarianfolksongsandNeapolitansongswere perfectoftheirtype,anddemonstratedthatheundoubtedly knowshowtohandlehisvoice, whichisofaqualitythatis rarelyheardinanyperiod,,but thatformoreprofoundtypesof songaveryintensemusical trainingisnecessary.

Asapersonality,theaudience tookhimtotheirhearts,andrememberingallhehassuffered, theirsympathyandenthusiasm knewnobounds.Icansympathisewiththisenthusiasm,neverthelessIearnestlyhopethat, whileallthismustbeagreat comfortandencouragementto him,itwillnotblindhimtothe factthat,havingbeengifted withwhatisverylikelyoneof themostbeautifulvoicesinthe world,withthegiftgoestheresponsibilityofrealisinghow muchthereistolearn.That nogreatmusicianiseverformedwithoutsacrificeandwork.

LethimponderonYehudiMenubin,whoafterthemostdazzling careerasaboy,havingbeen thoroughlytrainedbyoneofthe greatestteacherstheworldhas everknown,applaudedbythe learnedaswellastheaverage musiclover,stillretiredfrom everythingforawholeyearto givehimselftoperiousstudy andreflectiononhiswork,away fromalldistractionsandapplause. LeoDenantwasaverycompetentaccompanist,butproved moreinterestingas'asolopianistinhismoderngroupofWednesdaynight.

-MUSICUS.

InSt.Louis,twopolicemen fumedattheirradioasitblared outorderstoinvestigatean openman-hole-atthemoment theirsquadcarwasstuckinit.

InDenver,U.S.A.,aspringfeveredcolumnisttestedanold metaphor,concludedthatittakes aroltofexactly158dollarbills tochokeahorse.

CAPITOLTHEATRE

OnSoljanic'sdebutafterhavinggraduatedfromtheZagreb Conservatorium,"HRVATSKIDNEVNIK."Zagreb,November14, 1940,wrote: "Soljanicvirtuallystunnedtheaudience,whichdeeplyadmiredtheveryfinevoiceandtheexcellentmannerinwhich hesang.."

"Everyoneseemedtobetakentohigherspheres.Itappearedasifaheavenlyvoicewasheardsinging. ."

"ThisCarusoofourshasprovedthathecouldappearin anyoperaoftheworld..1."

BENIAMINOGIGLI,thegreatesttenorofourgeneration,after havinginvitedAnteSoljanictosingatLaScala,Milan(the operahouseoftheworld),inaPressinterview,statedthatSolJaniepossessed: "unavocebellissimaegenerosa. .! (amostbeautifulandgenerousvoice..!)

"THEWESTAUSTRALIAN,"Perth,April29,1947: "Averyfine,verystrikingvoice..." "Histoneflowsfreelyandsteadily,hisphrasingiscompetentandassured,hehasreservesforbigclimaxes. ." "Withoutadoubtsuchfinevocalmaterialhasnotcometo ourshoresforaverylongtime.."

Ante

StrangebutTrue --theWorldOver

InHamburg,Germany,police finallyfoundthesourceofblack marketers'alcohol,whenthe ZoologicalMuseumcomplained thatover300,000ofitspickled specimensweredryingup.

InParis,JulesDuval,hailed intocourtforculpablenegligence,readilyadmittedthathe hadallowedhissontostayin bedforeighteenyears,explained:"Hewantedtobealone,and wedidn'twanttoupsethim."

InNice,France,wherecondemnedmenpayfortheirtraditionallastmeal,acondemnedbut brokecollaborationistraised cashbyhavingfourteethextractedandsellingthegold crowns.

InOslo,Norway,theNorwegianS.P.C.A.madeviolentobjectiontothepracticeofcalling warcriminals"beasts,"andsuggestedtheyshouldbecalled "devils"instead.

InNewJersey,U.S.A.,asalesgirl,subpoenaedforjuryduty, repliedpolitely:"Inanswerto yourletter,Iamnotinterested inyouroffer.Ihaveagood jobnow."

InCairo,anewspaperpolled feminineopiniononthequestion:"Shouldorientalwomenbe veiled?"andgotatypically feminineresponse:50percent. for,50percent.against.

SITUATIONWANTED. Wantedbyrefined,capable lady,housekeepingtooneortwo gentlemen.ApplyS.R.,this office.

Thursday,August28,1947.

THERECORD

THIRTEEN

PatroniseOurAdvertisers

MAKE-

W.GLASSON YOURTAILOR Kalgoorlie

THROUGHTHEYEARS

METROPOLITANBUSINESSCOLLEGE SUCCESSES,1944.

CW ACTIVITIES

NationalMutualBuildings,81St George'sTerrace,Perth. 'Phone:B2546.

FootballFixturesforSunday, August31:

Subiacov.WestPerth,atSubi.

Leedervillev.ShentonPark,at Leederville. VictoriaParkv.Fremantle,at VictoriaPark. Highgatev.MidlandJunction, atHighgate. Cathedral,bye.

BRANCHNOTES.

HIGHGATE. Araffleisbeingorganisedin thebranchinanefforttoraise fundstosendourtwodelegates totheNationalConferencein AdelaideonSeptember21-26.All membersareurgedtohelpby sellingtickets.

National Catholic Girls' MOVEMENT

DIOCESANHEADQUARTERS.

CouncilMeeting: Mo!iday,September1,willbe ageneralreportnight,commencingat8p.m. "MarianLodge"Committee: Friday,September5,at6p.m.

CATHEDRALBRANCH.

Ourlastgeneralmeetingwas agreatsuccess.EveryoneentoyedandappreciatedMr.SydneyRooneyandMaryBurnett comingalongtogivesomeitems.

Nextmeeting,Tuesday,Sep. tember2,atSt.Patrick'sBoys' School,at845p.m.

THEONLYFIVESTUDENTSINW.A.TOGAINPASSESIN 1944INTHESHORTHAND,JUNIOR,SPEEDANDTHEORY (1unit)TEST.THESESTUDENTSALSOGAINEDPASSES INSEVERALOTHERSUBJECTS,includingTyping,Bookkeepping,CommercialMethods,EnglishandArithmetic.

METROPOLITANBUSINESSCOLLEGE SUCCESSES,1945.

METROPOLITANBUSINESSCOLLEGE SUCCESSES,1946.

THESEBRILLIANTEXAM.RESULTSSPEAKFOR THEMSELVES.

INTHREEYEARSTHISCOLLEGESECURED19PASSES OUTOFASTATETOTALOF24.

DON'TTRUSTTOLUCK-BESUREOF ASOUNDBUSINESSTRAINING,CONSTANTWORK, GOODWAGES.

FULLBUSINESSCOURSE(48Weeks),£24,payable 10s.weekly;SixMonths'Course,£14;ThreeMonths' Course,£715s.Od.

MetropolitanBusinessCo'lege

HUGHV.EVANS,F.C.T.S.,F.I.P.S.,F.F.T.Com.,Principal NextMetroTheatre(upstairs), WILLIAMSTREET,PERTH. Tel.:B6406.

Picnic.

TheDieselwillleavePerth CentralStationat10a.m.TicketsareavailablefromanymemberoftheN.C.G.M.orY.C.W. socialcommittee.

LEEDERVILLE.

InanefforttoimpresstheimportanceofthefamilyRosaryon themindsofmembers,itsrecitationisbeingcarriedoutregularlyatourgeneralmeetings. SaleofMissalswascommencedatthelastgeneralmeeting. Thisactionhasbeentakenasa resultofaninquirybytheleaders'group,anditishopedthat allmemberswillavailthemselvesoftheopportunityofbuying oneandutilisingitatMass.

NEDLANDS. Leaderswillmeetat8p.m., Sunday,31st.inst. Generalmeeting,Wednesday, September3,atSchoolHall. Guestspeakeratthemeetingwill beMr.C.Dudley.Asteams willbechosentorepresentNedlandsintheregionalindoor gamescompetition,allmembers areaskedtoattend.

VICTORIAPARK. Ourtabletennistournament wassuccessfullyconcludedon Wednesday,August20.Popular winnerwasJimTondut,whodefeatedBillQuaininthefinal games,21-11,21-17.

Thedartstournamentisnow inprogress,andsofarMaxEldredge,DonHughes,Greg. Patience,andTerryRoulston havequalifiedforthefinalround.

CATHEDRAL. Lastweekwewereagainthe guestsofourparishbranchof theN.C.G.M.Duringtheeveningwewereprivilegedtohear Mr.Rooneyplaytheviolin.

Thebranchwishestoextendits congratulationstoRayJames, whowillcelebratehis21st.birthdayduringtheweek-end.

CLAREMONT.

Thefirstregionalrallywillbe heldonFriday,September5.The finalsoftheindoorgamestournamentwillbeplayed,followed bydancingandotherattractions. AllmembersofbothMovements arecordiallyinvited.Admission free.

General.

Raffle:Ourrafflewasdrawn atourCarnivalon23rd.inst. Thefollowingweretheresults: lst.prize,No.415,BrianWallace,Bondi-street,Mt.Hawthorn; fiveprizesof£1each,Nos.1,018, 435,326,872,461.Wethank allwhohelpedtowardsthesuccessofthisventure;inparticular,Mr.W.Duxbury,senr., whosegreatworkwasanexampletoothers.

COMMONTOBOTHMOVEMENTS.

SOCIALJUSTICESUNDAY.

AllmembersofY.C.W.and N.C.G.M.areaskedtomake themselvesavailableonSunday, Sdptember7,tohelpinthesale oftheannualSocialJustice pamphlet.

SOCIALCALENDAR.

September: Wednesday,3rd.:Social,Victoria Park.

Friday,5th.:Dance,Leederville. Friday,5th.:Dance,Fremantle. Friday,5th.:RegionalRally, Claremont. Saturday,6th.:fair()NightCarnivalDance,Nedlandk

Saturday,6th.:Dance,West Perth.

Sunday,7th.:Picnic,Serpentine, HighgateBranch.

Wednesday,10th.:ReturnDebs.' Ball,Leederville.

Wednesday,10th.: Carnival Dance,Pagoda,SouthPerth. Friday,12th.:CarnivalDance, Highgate.

H.A.C.B.S.

St.Patrick'sBranch-Cathedral Parish. Therewasafairattendanceat themeetingheldonAugust18, towelcometheDistrictBoardon theoccasionofitsannualvisit. Bro.J.J.McIntyrepresided.

Bro.J.Wall,G.P.,gaveavery interestingaddresldealingwith

N.C.G.M.BasketballAssociation

FIXTURES-September6,1947:

FIRSTS:

NedlandsI.v.FremantleI.,St.Patrick's,3.45.M.Gray

HighgateI.v.WestPerthI.,Highgate,3.45.L.King. LeedervilleI.v.MidlandI.,VictoriaPark,3,45.H.Asquith. SubiacoIv.CathedralI.,VictoriaPark,2.15.I.Boylan.

SECONDS:

HighgateJI.v.WestPerth,II.,Highgate,2.15.L.King. HighgateIII.v.FremantleII.,StPatrick's,2.15.P.Jones. CathedralII.v.MaylandsII.,Highgate,3.45.M.Collopy. CathedralIII.v.SubiacoII.,Highgate,2.15,G.Swanson.

RESULTS,23/8/1947:

FIRSTS: FremantleI.d.WestPerthI.,18.16. MidlandI.d.NedlandsI.,31-10. CathedralI.d.HighgateL,19-13. SubiacoI.d.Maylands,23-17.

SECONDS: CathedralII.,bye. SubiacoII.,bye. HighgateII.forfeitedtoCathedralILL

WestPerthII.forfeitedtoFremantleII. HighgateIII.d.MaylandsII.,33-12.

GRAILACTIVITIES.

Girlswhoareplanningavisit toMelbourneintheconcluding monthsoftheyearwillbein. terestedtolearnthattheservicesthattheGrailofferedduringthewaryearstothewomen oftheServicesinthe"Arrows Club"willbeonceagainavailableat"TayCreggan,"MelbourneHeadquartersofthe Grail.Fullboardwillbeavailable,ortemporaryaccommodationforgirlsbreakingtheirjourneyinthiscity."TayCreggan"isanoldTudorhouseon thebanksoftheYarraRiver,and isabout9minutesfromMelbournebyelectrictrain. Chargeswillbe5s.perday,or 35s.perweek,andtheClubwill beopenfromthemiddleofSeptember,closingdefinitelyonDecember14,1947.Thenumbers tobetakenwillbelimited,so earlyapplicationisessential. Furtherparticularsmaybeobtainedfrom"TayCreggan,"30 YarraStreet,Hawthorn,E2,Victoria.

theobjectsandaimsoftheSocietygenerallyanditshighlysatisfactorypositionamongthe friendlysocietiesofW.A.He complimentedSt. Patrick's branchonitssoundfinancial position,asrevealedbythebalancesheet,whichwaspresented bythebranchsecretary,Bro.T. O'Donoghue.Mr.RayCarr,a newmember,wasinitiatedand welcomedbytheGrandPresident, whostressedthecontinuanceof thedrivefornewmembers.He wassupportedinhisremarksby Bro.L.P.Harris,G.V.P.,Bro.W. I.Keogh,G.S.,andothermembersoftheDistrictBoard,after whichaheartyvoteofthanks totheD.B.wascarriedbyacclamation.Nextmeetingwillbe onSeptember1,whenbranch competitionswillbeheld. St.Mary'sBranch,Leederville.

Atthemeetingheldon13th. inst.,MissB.MaherandMr.J. Costellowereadmitted,and Messrs.E.MooreandJ.Wigham werenominatedformembership.

LeedervilleReturnDebutantes

BALL

WEDNESDAYNIGHT,SEPTEMBER10th.

Dancing:8p.m.-1.30a.m.

FIRSTCLASSSUPPER.

MERV.ROWSTON'SORCHESTRA. Novelties. LuckySpots.

TICKETS:4s.Single;7s6dDouble.

ObtainableatCentralY.C.W.-N.C.G.M.Office.,orfrom membersofLeedervilleBranchY.C.W.andN.C.G.M.

SevenM.B.C.StudentswhogainedPassesin1945intheShorthand,SpeedandTheory(1unit)Test.ONLYTWOOTHERS PASSEDINW.A.

SevenM.B.C.Students,whogainedPassesin1946intheShorthand,SpeedandTheory(1unit)Test.ONLYTHREEOTHERS PASSEDINW.A.These7studentsalsoPassedinTyping, Bookkeeping,andCommercialMethods.

LANDAND

Phone

Stunner&Son (LateHanlon's) BAKERS

9010H141STREET,N.FREMANTLE

L2739.PrizeWinnersRoyalShow

DeliveriesThroughoutFremantle

M1158-Telephones-L1480

MEAD,

SON&CO. FUNERALDIRECTORS

190ALBANYROAD, VICTORIAPARK

33CANNINGHIGHWAY, EASTFREMANTLE

Telephone:B8838:Rzs.:WM2223

THEGENERALAGENCYCO. D.F.O'SULLIVAN.

29a-30PADIIURYBUILDINGS, FORRESTPLACE,PERTH. ESTATEAGENTS. SWORNVALUATORS.

SPECIALISINGINSALESOP ALLTYPESOFFARMSAND STATIONS.

Avoid unnecessary eyestrain. ring B7326.

SAINKEN&SAINKEN, OPTOMETRISTSandOPTICIANS 633HAYSTREET (nextAmbassadorsTheatre).

NORTHAMDISTRICTWHEAT ANDSHEEPPROPERTY (N.360R):

1,260acs.freeholdland,situate 7milesfromsiding,schoolbus; 860acs.cleared,150acs.fallow; 18in.rainfall;ringfencedand rabbitnetted-12pad4ocks;8 wells,2dams,windmillswithpiping;4-roomedbathouse,verandahallround,also2-roomed W.B.house,withverandahback andfront;shedandstables;area undercrop,300acs.wheat,100 acs.clover,100acs.oats;carryingcapacity,600sheep.PRICE: £3/10/0peracre,bare.

Forfurtherparticularsapply toGOLDSBROUGH,MORTAND COMPANYLIMITED,PERTH, BRANCHESANDAGENTS.

SOUTH-WESTDAIRYPRODUCEPROPERTY(BN.329R.):

148acs.freeholdland,situai.e 3milesfromJardeeSiding; schooladjoins;rainfall42in.;102 acs.first-class,21acs.secondclass,17acs.third-class;102acs. cleared;timberedwithkarri,redgum,andjarrah;fencedwith somelinkmeshand2plain,1 barb;permanentcreek,3wells, 2tanks;4-roomedJ.W.B.house, backandfrontverandahs,electriclight;milkingshedandengineroomwithconcretefloor; creamroom,hayshed,stock yard,pigstyes,andyards;manureshedandproduceshed;carryingcapacity20milkingcows; 20acs.oatsundercrop,balance clover.PRICE:£1,750,W.I.W.O., Cash,ortermscanbearranged. Stock:14milkingcows,11dry cows.2-standMcDonaldImperialMilker,with2-h.p.McDonald engine.Thisisaveryattractiveproperty.

Forfurtherparticularsapply toGOLDSBROUGH,MORTAND COMPANYLIMITED,PERTH, BRANCHESANDAGENTS.

KALGOORLIE

AdministratorBereaved. ThecelebrantwasVeryRev. FatherCarmody,deaconRev. FatherMcCarthy,andsub-deaconRev.FatherDunne,onWednesdaymorning,August20.at9 o'clock,whenSolemnRequiem MasswascelebratedforthereposeofthesoulofthelateJeremiahCarmody,adviceofwhose death,onAugust15,atTralte, CountyKerry,Eire,wasreceived bycableonMondaybyhisson, theVeryRev.FatherPatrick Carmody,AdministratorofA. Mary'sParish.

Childrenofthethreeparochial schools.formedatoirMinidchoir. Thelargecongregationpresent wasrepresentativeoftheGoldfields,wheredeepestsympathyis extendedtotheVeryRev.Father andhisfamilyintheirhourof sorrow.Mayhissoulrestin peace. GoldfieldsMissionConcludes.

DuringrecentweeksMissions havebeenconductedatCoolgardie,Boulder,Kalgoorlie,andOra Bandabytwomembersofthe OblatesofMaryImmaculate,Rev. FathersWeldonandMcCarthy.

Duringthefortnightended August17,St.Mary'sChurch wascrowdednightlyfromtl'e veryfirstnight,whilethevery greatattendanceattheHoly Massesat6a.m.(particularly), 7a.m.,and9a.m.daily,wasan indicationofthegreatsuccess thatattendedthemissionaries'efforts.

FortyHours'Adoration.

TheFortyHours'Adoration willcommenceatSt.Mary's ChurchonFriday,August29, after6.30Mass.Expositionof 'heBlessedSacramentwillcontinueuntilSunday,August31. Donationsofcandlesandflowers willbeappreciated.

ThePeople'sEucharisticLeague.

DuringtherecentMission,the aimsandobjectsoftheLeague wereexplainedandenrollingof memberscommenced.

Themainobligationisthe AdorationHouronceamonth (notbindingunderpainofsin), andmembersareexhortedtotry andreceiveHolyCommunionfrequently.

Thosedesirousofjoiningmay handintheirnamesandmembershipcardswillbedistributed. N.C.G.M.

OnMonday,September1,at 7.30p.m.,therewillbeaninaugurationmeetingoftheNa tionalCatholicGirls'Movement inKalgoorlie.

SpecialCeremonies.

OnAugust31,specialceremonies,HolyMass,Procession,and Benediction,willbeheld.The seveno'clockMasswillbecelebratedbyHisGracetheArchbishop.Atteno'clocktherewill beSolemnHighMass,atwhich HisGracewillpreside.This willbefollowedimmediatelyby aProcessionoftheBlessedsacrament,fromSt.Mary'sChurch tothegroundsofSt.Johnof GodHospital.Benedictionof theBlessedSacramentwilltake placeatapreparedaltar,after whichtheprocessionwillreturn tothechurch.

HolyNameRally.

At5p.m.HisGracewillattend theRallyoftheHolyNameSociety.Agreatattendanceof Goldfieldsmenisexpected. ConfirmationwillbeadministeredatSt.Mary'sChurch,at 7.30p.m.CanonicalVisitation willbringthemomentousdayto aclose.

Northam

THESPRINGBALL.

The1947SpringBalltook placeintheNorthamTownHall onWednesday,August13,and was,ineveryrespect,anunqualifiedsuccess.Thehalls,for therewasdancinginboththe TownHallandtheLesserHall, hadbeentastefullydecoratedby acommitteeunderthesupervision ofMrs.HenwoodandMr.Bradley.ThemusicofMr.Jock McKay'ssix-pieceorchestrawas relayedfromonehalltothe other,andleftnothingtobedesired.Thesupperwas,asusual, anoutstandingfeatureofthis ball.Mrs.Shempel,Mrs.Harris,andtheircommittee,hadindeedsucceededinmakingSt.Joseph'sHallaverypleasingdining salon.

Thepresentationofdebutantes toHisGracetheArchbishopof Perth,MostRev.Dr.Prendiville,

tookplaceat9p.m.Thedebu tantes,presentedtoHisGraceby Mrs.H.Rodda,were: MissM.McManus:Girlishfrock ofwhitetaffeta.

MissG.Delaney:Charming frockofwhiteorgandie,with laceanddiamentetrimmings.

Miss0.Heal:Daintyfrockof whiteembossedtaffeta.

MissE.Gibbs:Frockofwhite silkcrepe,relievedwithgoldsequins.

Afterthepresentationofthe debutantes,theBallCommittee entertainedatsupperHisGrace theArchbishop,Rev.Fathers LenihanandMurray(Northam), Lenane(Cunderdin),O'Mahony (York),O'Farrell(Archbishop's Secretary),theMayorandMayoress(Mr.andMrs.Hammond), Mr.M.Parker(ResidentMagistrate),InspectorCoppinger,Mrs. Hawke,Mrs.Bottomley,andthe debs.andtheirpartners.

Thecommitteeofthe1947 SpringBallconsistedofMegdamesRodda,McKenzie,C.Martin,A.Enright,Rowles,P.Enright,M.Lynch,W.Fellowes,F. Orrel,andMrs.Heal(secretary).

Mr.C.Martinwasagainthe masterofceremonies,andwasat alltimescontinuouslysolicitous forthecomfortandhappinessof thedancersandguests.

CatholicWomen'sLeague

TheCathedralBranchofthe CatholicWomen'sLeaguewill meetintheChurchOfficeon Monday,September1,at8p.m.

Abridgepartywillbeheldat therooms,NestleHouse,on Tuesdayevening,September2,at 8p.m.FriendswishingtoreservetableskindlyringMrs. Goody,B6644.

Executivemeeting,Wednesday, September3.

Generalmeeting,Wednesday, September10. Highgatemembersarehostesses.

ContributionstotheDistressed EuropeanFund:AFriend,Highgate,£1;M.EF.,10s.;Miss AnneSmith,Mildura,10s.

ANADDEDINTEREST.

ThepurchaseofaCharities ticketgivesoneanaddedinterestinlife.Everytickethasan equalchanceofwinningthefirst prizeof£3,000.Nowisthe timetoinvestintheNo.378 Charities_Consultation.

ItwastheambitionofEmperorFrederickII.tomakeRome thecivilaswellastheecclesiasticalcapitaloftheworld,with himselfasoverlordofall,and eventuallyhetookuparmsinan attempttorealisethisambition.

PopeGregoryIX.excommunicatedFrederick,whereuponthe Emperorsetouttoconquerthe PapalStates'themselves,andin 1240occupiedViterbointhe Romagna.Afewyearspreviouslytherehadbeenbornin thiscity,toparentsoflowlystation,agirlchildwhowascalled Rose.Frombabyhoodshedisplayedafarfromusualgoodness,andherchildishvirtueand devotionmadesuchanimpressionthatinafteryearsalegend grewupthatshehad,when threeyearsold,raisedheraunt fromdeathbyherprayers.

OnthevigilofSt.Johnthe Baptist,attheageof7,shehad avisionofOurLady,whotold herthatshewastobeclothed

ChildreffsCorner

tember,1250,St.Roseissaidto haveannouncedtheapproaching deathofFrederick.Thisprophecywasfulfilledtotheletter. WiththedeathoftheEmperor, thePapalpartygottheupper handinViterbo,andSt.Rose returnedhome.

Si.RoseofViler

inthehabitofSt.Francis,but thatshewastocontinuetolive athomeandsetagoodexample toherneighboursbybothword andwork.Perhapsinspiredby somesermonshehadheard,she began,whenshewasabout twelve,topreachupanddown thestreets,upbraidingthepeopleforsubmittingtoFrederick, andurgingthemtooverthrow thegarrison.Crowdswould gatheroutsideherhousetocatch aglimpseofher,tillherfather becamefrightenedandforbade hertoshowherselfinpublic;if shedisobeyedshewouldbe beaten.Roserepliedgently:"If Jesuscouldbebeatenforme,I canbebeatenforHim.Ido whathehastoldmetodo,and ImustnotdisobeyHim."At theinstanceoftheirparish priest,herfatherwithdrewhis objections,andforabouttwo yearsshecontinuedtopublicly preachthecauseofthePope. ThepartisansoftheEmperor becamealarmed,andtriedto haveRoseputtodeathasadangertotheState.Instead,she andherparentswerebanished.

TheytookrefugeinSoriano, andhere,inthebeginningofSep-

IfYouWant

Shewasrefusedentryintothe localconventasapostulant,so herparishpriesttookitupon himselftoopenachapel,close bytheconvent,withahouseattached,sothatRoseandafew companionsmightleadareligiouslife.Butthenunshadit closedbyorderofPopeInnocent IV.,onthegroundsthatthey hadtheprivilegeofhavingno othercommunityofwomenwithinagivendistanceoftheirown. St.Rosethereforereturnedhome andlivedasaintlylifeuntil March6,1252,whenGodcalled hertoHimself,abouttheageof seventeen.Shewasburiedin theChurchofSantaMariain Podio,butherbodywaslater transferredtothechurchofthe conventwhichhadrefusedher entry,asshehadforetold.Althoughthischurchwasburnt downaboutonehundredyears later,herincorruptbodywas preservedandisstillannually carriedinprocessionthroughthe streetsofViterbo.PopeInnocentIV.,immediatelyafterher death,orderedaninquiryinto thevirtuesofSt.Rose,buther canonisationwasnotachieved until1457.

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776HAYSTREET,PERTH, (opp.Foy&Gibson) PhoneB6655.

DearCornerites

Thisletteriswrittentoyou fromapleasantgreenvalleyin thecountry,whereIamholidaying. Iwillnottellyouexactly whereIam,forfearofaninvasion;butthespotissomewhere intheGeraldtondistrict,andall thedelightsassociatedwithcountrylifeareturnedoninabundance.

Forinstance,wearehaving gloriousweather.Youwill readilyappreciatethatthisis verynecessaryforathoroughly enjoyabletimeanywhere.The daysarewarmandsunny;the morningshavethatfreshness whichfillsonewiththejoyof living,andbymid-afternoonconditionsarequitesummery.In theeveningthecoldsetsin,and thenwegatherroundalogfire. Soyousee,Iamfortunate enoughtohaveitbothwayssummerwarmth,andthewinter cold,whichmakesablazingfire soattractive.

WhatdoIdowithmyself?Well,thegoodfriends withwhomIamstayinghave beenkindenoughtodrivemeto

1-AuntBessy's i1.2LETTERBOX

DearAuntBessy,-Onbehalf ofmyson,Jsendyouafewused stampsfortheBusbies.Ido hopetheywillbeofusetoyou; ifso,Iwillsendalongafew moresoon.Withallgoodwishes from, `AFRIEND."

DearFriend,-Yourgiftarrivedsafely.Thankyouverymuch forit.Usedstampsareagreat helpinraisingmoneyforthe Bushies.-Sincerely,AUNTBESSY. P.O.,Goongarrie.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamenclosingpostalnoteforforthe Bushies,inhonouroftheSacred Heart,forfavoursreceived.Yourssincerely, MRS.MULDOON.

DearMrs.Muldoon,-Thank youverymuchforyourkiricldonationinhonouroftheSacred Heart-Sincerely,AUNTBESSY. 51Hobart-street,Mt.Hawthorn. DearAuntBessy,-Iamnot eightyet,butsoonwillbe. I amlearningmusicandamgoing forGradeVI.musicandGrade VI.theorythisyear.Ihavejust finishedFirstStepsandpassed withhonours,obtaining 88 marks.Ihavetwobrothersand onesister.Mysister'snameis Dorothea,andmybrothers' namesareJohnandJames.My sister John is3thisyear.Iwenttothe ChristianBrothers'College,Leederville,concert.Mybrother wasinfoursingingitemsand onewiththebanjoline.Iwould likeaprickcardverymuch. I wouldliketohaveapenfriend. Thisismyfirstletter,andI wouldliketojoinyourCorner andbeoneofyournieces. WINIFREDPAPOA.

Ifyouhaveatabbycat, Ifyouwanttopleasehim, Tiearibbonroundhisneck, Never,neverteasehim. Tabbycatsaregraveandstately, Andtheyliketoactsedately.

variousinterestingpointsinthe neighbourhood-Ihavejustreturnedfroma40-acrepaddock wheresomesheepwerebeing cleanedupinpreparationfor shearing,andasaprecautionary measureagainsttheblowflypest. YesterdayIwentshooting.We mighteasilyhavereturnedwith akangarooorafox,forboth areplentifulinthisdistrict;but wehadtobecontentwithafew rabbits.We'llbegoing'rooing withdogsaswellasgunsina dayorso,andeveryoneisquite confidentofreturningwitha catch.

Well,dearCornerites,Ihope Ihavenotfilledyouwithtoo muchenvyofmygoodfortune. Ofcourse,someofyouleadthis sortoflifeallthetime-except whenthatinconvenienceknown as"school"intervenes.'Perhaps yougetsomuchofthislifethat ithaslostitsattractionforyou Butforapooroldcity-dweller likeme,wholooksoutallday onchimneytopsandhardpavements,thecountryatthistime oftheyearhasanirresistible charm.Here'shopingyouhave allhadagoodholidayyourselves!-Sincerely, UNCLEBOB.

LET'SHAVEAPOEMMYBOY.

Godblessandkeepmylittleboy, Guardbodyandguidemind; Mixnothisgoldwithbarealloy, Drossoftheworldlykind.

0,layonmethecareandpain, Sparehimalittlewhile. Theheart-easene'erwillspring again Whichbloomsnowinhissmile.

Rollnottheyearstoofast,0, God, Jfainwouldlongerkeep Histouseledheadwhichnowdoth nod, Findinghiswaytosleep.

Andletnottimewithfootroughshod Myfewsmallcharmsdestroy, Fortherebeyearstocome,0 God, WhenImustwoomyboy.

Sendsweetnesstohismother's voice, Tocharmhiscriticear, Forsiren'ssongswilllurehis choice Asmanhooddrawethnear.

Onlythetenderyearsaremine, Ah!stretchtheirshortening span. MotherofGod,guardmyboy, Makehim,0God,aMan. -E.B.

BUSHIES' CORNER

Thefollowingdonationstothe Bushies'Schemearegratefully acknowledged:

s.d.

Previouslyacknowledged 4664

Mrs.Muldoon 100

MaureenKeane 26

Total £47810

Also

DearWinifred,-Thankyou foryournicelittleletter;itiste verygoodeffortforagirlof seven.Ihavesentyouaprick card,asyourequested.Iam onlytoopleasedtohaveyouas aniece,mydear.Perhapssome littlegirlwillseeyourrequest forapenfriendandwriteto you.-Sincerely, AUNTBESSY.

Keysbrook.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamsendingyou2/6.Iamgoingtostay withNanainPerthformyholidays.Therearealotofkangaroopawsaroundherenow.Do youlikethem?Vincentis sevenmonths'oldto-day;hehas onetooth.Pleasesendmeanotherprickcard.Lovefrom MAUREENKEANE.

DearMaureen,-Thankyou verymuchforyourcardandthe 2/6.Iwillpostanotheroneto you.Ihopeyouhaveanice holidayinPerth.PerhapsNana willtakeyouuptoKing'sPark, whereyouwillsee,amongother things,allournicekangaroo paws;theyarebeautiful.My lovetoyouandVincent-Sincerely, AUNTBESSY.

H.C.PRIOR

FUNERALDIRECTOR

ALBANY(Established1921)

PrivateMortuary,MotorVehicles ChargesModerate Phone215 Albany,Mt.Barker,Denmark andDistricts