The Record Newspaper 30 April 1947

THEEASTEREGGS

AFavouriteChildren'sStoryinFrance andGermany WHATHASGONEBEFORE.

Abeautifullady,accompanied byhertwochildrenandamanservantnamedKuno,hascometo stayinalittlevillageinafaroffvalley.Nooneknowsanythingaboutthelady,butsheendearsherselftoeveryonebyher friendlinessandgreatcharity.

Atafeastatherplaceon EasterSunday,theladydistributescolouredeggstoallthe children,andontheeggsare writtenlittlerhymesforthechildrentothinkabout.

Amongthepeopleatthefeast theladynoticesatiredandhungryyoungmanwhotellsherhe isonhiswaytovisithissick motherinaneighbouringvillage. Thegoodladygiveshimfoodfor hisjourney,includingthreeof theprettycolouredEastereggs forhismotherandsisterandbrother.

Onhisjourneytheyoungman, whosenameinFridolin,comes acrossamanwhohasbeeninjuredinafallfromhishorse. Fridolinhasbythisthfeeaten thefoodhehadbeengiven,but heusestwooftheeggstofeed theaccidentvictim,andtakes himtohisownhome.The man'sleghadbeenbrokenin thefall,andhehastostayat Fridolin'splaceforsixweeks.At theendofthistimeheleaves, takingwithhimthethirdEaster eggasasouvenirofhisdeliverance.

Meanwhile,backintheother village,thegoodladyhasreceivedbadnews.Shesummonsthe miller,whoisaverywellrespectedandwealthyman,and tellshimthatsheisindanger.

NOWREADON.

Theladycontinued:"Iam Rosalind, daughterofthe DukeofBurgundy.Myfather hadtwoyoungknightsathis court.Thesetwoknightslovedme.Theybothaskedformy handinmarriage. Oneof them,namedArno,wasgoodand kind.Ichosehimformyhusband.Theotherknight,Hanno, wasfurious,andheleftmy father'scourt,swearingthathe wouldavengehimselfoneday. Mymarriagedulytookplace, andasmyhusbandisthebest ofmenIhavebeenveryhappy. Myfatherisdead,butmyhusbandandchildrenhavebeena greatcomforttome.

"AtlastmyhusbandwascalledforbytheEmperortogoand fightinthewaragainstthebarbarians.Myhusbandleftme veryregretfully,butasitwas hisdutytogoheleftimmediately.TheEmperorhadalsosummonedHanno,myenemy,buthe refusedtogo.Heremainedin thecountry,andwhenhelearnt thatIwasaloneinthecastle, havingonlymychildrenanda fewoldretainers,hecameand besiegedthecastle.Hesaid hewouldimprisonmeifIdid notconsenttobehiswifeand thathewouldkillmypoorlittle children.

here;andifHannocomeswewill defendyou,evenattheriskof ourlives!"

Theoldmillerwenttoeach houseandtoldeveryonenotto revealthattheladyandherchildrenwereinthevalley.When thevillagersunderstoodthatthe ladywasindanger,theyimmediatelyagreedtoprotecther. Theverynextdaysomemenon horsebackarrived,andtheyaskedthepeasantsiftheyhadseen aladyandtwochildren;but thepeasantspretendedtobeso stupidthatthemensetofffrom thevalley,saying:"Therehas certainlyneverbeenaladyin thisvillage.Theinhabitants aresostupidthattheydonot evenseemtoknowwhatalady lookslike."

Thevalleyremainedundisturbedafterthat,andwhenKuno wentbacktothetownacrossthe mountainshelearntthat Hanno'stroopshaddeparted.

Thelady,whohadremainedin herhouse,venturedoutagain. Thechildrencameoutalso.Every eveningthemotherandhertwo childrenwenttoalittlechapel inthewoods,thechildrento prayforthehappyreturnof theirfatherandtheladytopray forthesafereturnofherhusband.

Oneday,whiletheywereprayingthus,apilgrimenteredthe chapel.Hewasveryoldand hehadalong,whitebeard.The childrenwentuptothepilgrim, whobegantospeaktothem.The littlegirlsaid:

"Iprayeveryeveningformy dearpapa."

"Ido,too"saidthelittleboy.

Whentheladyheardthechildrentalkingtoastrangershe turnedroundinterror.Atthe samemomentthepilgrimthrew offhisbeard,hiswhitehairand hislongrobe,disclosingthefigureofahandsomeknight.He rantotheladyandembraced heroverandoveragain,exclaiming:

"Mywife,mydearwife!"

Heembracedthechildren,too, andwhenthefirstemotionofthe meetinghadpassed,hiswife askedhimhowhehadfoundher.

"Ifoundyou,dearRosalind, becauseyouhavebeen,asalways,goodandcharitable!"

Thenhetoldherhow,thewar beingover,hereturnedjoyfully home.Therehisjoywasturnedtogreatsorrow,forhefound hiscastleinruinsandhis-wife andchildrengone.Hequestionedothepoorpeopleoftheneighbourhood,whotoldhimthatthe wickedknightHannohadbesiegedthecastleashorttime afterhisdeparture,thathehad madeasurpriseattackandforcedhiswayintothecastleone night,buthadbeenunableto findtheladyorthechildren. Hannohadreducedthecastleto ruinsandhehadgoneoffswearingthathewouldsearcheverywherefortheladyandwould forcehertobehiswifewhenhe foundher.

"Myhusband'scastlewas strong,butitwasimpossibleto resistforlongtheattackofa greatarmysuchasthatledby Hanno.Mygoodservant,Kuno, whoknewofasecretpassage, helpedmetoescapefromthe castleandaccompaniedmehere, whereIhavetakenrefugeamong yougoodpeopletoawaitmyhusband'sreturn.To-dayKuno wenttothetownacrossthe mountains,andtherehesaw Hannoquestioningthetownsfolk astowhethertheyhadseena lady,twochildren,andanold manservant.

"KunohidhimselfandavoidedbeingseenbyHanno.ButI amafraidlestsomeofHanno's mencometothisvillageanddiscovermypresencebyquestioning thevillagers.IfHannofinds outIamherehewilltakeme away,andmychildren,mypoor littlechildren,willbeputto death."

"Madam,"saidtheoldmiller, "Iwillseethatthepeopledonot tellanystrangersthatyouare

NaturallywhenArnolearnt thathispoorwifeandchildren wereindanger,hesenthismen everywherelookingforthem, andplacinghimselfatthehead ofthemainbodyofhistroops hepursuedHanno,whowasnow hisprisoner.

ThePopeAppealsto You,Children!

TerriblePlightofEurope'sYoungsters

Theterribleplightofmillions ofdestitutechildreninEurope hasbeenvividlypicturedbyHis HolinessthePopeinaspecial broadcastaddresstotheCatholicchildrenoftheUnited States.

Theoccasionwastheinaugurationofthe"SaveStarvingChildren"campaignamongtheCa-

ingwiththesonorousPapaldeclarationsonwarandpeace,nationalandinternationalobligations. Thespeakerrevealedhimself notasaremote,detachedobserver,butasalovingfatherof allsufferinghumanity,feeling withinhimselfallthetrialsand afflictionsofhischildren.

ings,noshoes.Andtheir mothers,wholovethemjustas muchasyourmothersloveyou. cangivethemonlyalittlebite toeatattheendoftheday.

"Whatissadder?Thousands ofthesechildrenhaveno fathersormotherstotakecare ofthem.They,diedduringthe terriblewar,andthesechildren nowwalkthecitystreets,wan derovercountryroadslittle consciousoftheperilsaround them,andatnightmustlookfor someshelterincoldcellarsor arecrowdedtogetherinrudebarracks,onlytobeginanother lonesome,aimless,dangerousday whenthesuncomesupagain.

"Andwhatdangersareawaitingthem!Thereareoftenno attractiveschoolsforthem.They arenottaught,asvouare,by devotedreligious,Sistersand Brothers,allthewonderful thingsaboutGod;howHecreatedmenforHimself;howHe lovesthemandsentHisonlybegottenSontoredeemandhelp themgettoheaven;howthey mustloveGod,begoodandobey theCommandmentsofGodand allthattheChurchteaches them.Theyfeelthattheyhave beenabandoned;andhoweasily theylearntodowhatisvery wrong.

ExampleofJesus.

"Yourememberthatcharming sceneinthelifeofJesus,when thechildrengatheredaround HimandwouldnotletHimgo, andsomeofHisfriendswanted todrivethemaway;butHe said:'No,letthechildrenbe;do notpreventthemfromcoming toMe.'AndwithloveHelaid Hissacredhandupontheir headsinblessing.

"To-day,themillionsofsufferingchildrenarelookingwithappealingeyestotheVicarof Jesus.LetthemcometoUs; letnooneholdthemoff.We lovethemwithalltheloveof Christ,andWecannotrestso longasthepangsofhunger makethemcryoutforhelpand theirimmortalsoleareinperil ofbeingsetuponbytheenemy ofGod.

Unfortunatelynobodyhad foundatraceoftheladyand herchildren.Themessengers hadreturneddiscouraged-allexceptone,whodidnotreturn.At last,attheendofsixweeks,the lastmessengerarrived.Hereportedthathehadfallenina gully,wherehewouldhaveperishedifagoodyoungmanby thenameofFridolinhadnot foundhim.Herecountedthe wholeofhisstorytohismaster, andshowedhimtheEasteregg liehadtakenforasouvenir,the eggonwhichwaswritten: "HavefaithinGod,andyouwill see Hecomfortsinadversity."

Thepigisnotmuchtolookat,especiallywhenatdinner,buthe isman'sfriendbecauseheisman'sfood.

tholicschoolsoftheUnited States. Notablefeatureoftheaddress wasthesimpleandtouching mannerofitsdelivery,contrast-

directedmehere.Idisguised myselfsoasnottoraisean alarm.Myescortwillbehere to-morrow,andto-morrowyou willleavethisvalley."

Thentheladyrelatedallthat hadhappenedtoher,andshe couldnotsayenoughinpraise ofthepoorinhabitantsofthe valley,whohadbeensokindto her.Thestoryfinished,the happilyre-unitedparentsand childrenreturnedtogethertothe littlehouse.Itwasnotlong beforethenewsoftheknight's arrivalspreadthroughthevillage,andallthevillagersflockedroundtoexpresstheirpleasure.Theknightthankedthem warmlyforthehospitalitythey hadshownhiswife.Hetold themhowhehadfoundher,and said:

"Andnow,myfriends,toshow youhowgratefulIam,Ipromisetogiveacowtoeachfamily,andeachyear,atEaster, mywifeandIwillgivecoloured eggstoallthechildren,notonly ofthisvillage,butofallthevillagesinthisdistrict."

Theknight,muchmoved,then saidtohiswife:"imaginemy surprise,mydarling,whenIrecognisedyourhandwritingon thategg!Iwentimmediately withmymessengertothehome ofFridolin,anditwashewho (TheEnd.)

Theknightandhisfamilydepartednextdaywiththeirescort;buttheyneverforgotthe poorpeopleinthevalley,and eachyeartheydistributeda greatquantityofEastereggs,a customwhichhasspreadfrom countrytocountryandisnowrecognisedthroughouttheentire Christianworld.

Addressinghimselftothe

"2,000,000childrenintheelementaryclassesofAmericanCatholicschoolsandyourhalf-millionbrothersandsistersinthe highschoolsandcolleges,"the HolyFathersaid:

"ThisisthefirsttimeWe haveeveraddressedOurwordto you,deargirlsandboys,and thereisaspecialreasonwhyWe dosonow.LetUstellyou whatitis.

"Youareveryhappyinyour beautifulschools,somesmall, someverybig.Youhavelight andheatandallthebooksyou needtolearnyourlessonswell. Whenschoolisover,youputon yourwarmovercoats,wrapup well,andgoouttoplayevenin thesnow,becauseyourshoesand stockingsarestrong,andprotect yousecurelyagainstthecoldand wet.Wheneveningcomes,you willsitdowntoawarmsupper thatmotherhaspreparedto makeyougrowuphealthyand happy.

VictimstoDisease.

"Butyoumustknowthatthere areothermillionsofchildren hereinEuropeandoutinthe FarEast,whoselifeisverydifferent.Theyareyoungboys andgirlsjustyourage,and they,too,shouldbegrowingup happyandhealthy.Instead, theyarefallingvictimstodread disease.

"Theyarehungry;someof themarestarving;andmanyof themaregoingtodiesovery young.Theyshiverinthecold, theirclothesarethinandworn, manyhaveonlyragstocover theirfrailbodies,havenostock-

"Charitablebenefactors throughouttheworld,andespeciallytheCatholicsofAmerica, havesentUsthousandsoftons offoodandclothing,whichwe havebeendistributingamong thoseingreatestdistress.

"Bounteousfundshavebeen placedatOurdisposaltosave thechildrenfromthestreet,with allitsevil,andtoprovidefor themadecentlodgingandhome, wheretheymaybeeducatedinto honourableandGod-fearingcitizens.

"Butstillmoreisneeded.

ThatiswhyyourBishopsand priests,intheiruntiringgenerosity,areaskingalltomakeyet onemoreefforttoheadoffsicknessandhungerandsoulstarvationfromthehomeless,helpless,harriedpeoplesofEurope andAsia."

r. V.

PiusLeadstheFightAgainst RISINGHORDESATHEISM

BackgroundoftheFramersofVatican'sDiplomaticPolicy

IntimateStudyofthe PersonalLifeof theHolyFather

(Concludingthestrikingarticle fromthe"SaturdayEvening Post,"whichcommencedinour lastissue.)

"Amomentoushourhasbeen soundedforthegreathuman family,"PiusbroadcastonAugust24,1939."Weaddressour mostpressingappealtogovernmentsandnations,urgingthem toputdowntheirarmsandcease theirthreatsandtryinsteadto findaremedyfortheseconflicts innegotiations."Aweek later,HitlersmashedintoPoland,andPiuswasconfronted witha eningandmorecomplexthan anythinghis261predecessorson St.Peter'sthronehadtoface.

InApril,1940,inadesperate last-minuteefforttokeephisbelovedItalyoutofthewar,Pius addressedapersonalletterto BenitoMussolini,whomhehad metonlyoncewhenhewasSecretaryofState,askingtheDuce tousehisauthority"lestgreatertragediesvisitEuropeandespeciallyItaly."Mussolinireplied,justastheKaiserhad oncetoldNuncioPacelli,thathe couldnotacceptpeaceforthe sakeofpeace.Shortlyafterward,calmlyacknowledging Mussolini'sincreasinglyvicious threatstothefreedomoftheChurch,PiustoldSignorAlfieri, theItalianAmbassadortothe HolySee,"Wearenotafraidof beingsenttoaconcentration camp."

ItissafetoassumethatPius, intakinganincreasinglyactive partinthepoliticalcontroversy ofthetroubledwarandpost-war years,didnotignorethepossibilitythathehimselfmight therebybecomeacontroversial figure.Criticismwasinevitable, andbroadsideshavecomefrom everyquarter.Thesharpest andmostsustainedattacks,however,weremountedbyliberal groupsthroughouttheWestern world.Piushasbeenseverely upbraidedbecauseofhiswartimeactsandpronouncements which,tomanyobserversinthe Alliedcamp,didnotseemsufficientlyforcefulintheirendorsementofdemocracy.The relativemoderationwithwhich theVaticansawfittocensure theAxis,andtheVatican'scontinuedapprovalofFrancoSpain, haveantagonisedlargesectors ofpublicopinioninthedemocracies.

Theexplanationofferedbythe Vaticanitselfforitsfirmpositiontotherightofcentreisthat, fromtheloftyheightsofVatican Hill,onecouldlongforeseethetriumphantriseoftheredstar overtheeasternhorizon.And, no,doubt,thetrainedastronomersoftheHolySeehavebeen chartingtheinch-by-inchprogressofthatstarwithall-absorbingmisgivings.InhisbroadcastofJune1,1946,Piushimself retrospectivelyclarifiedVatican

policyduringandafterthewar whenhesaid,"Whenintheheat ofthefightephemeralalliances, dictatedsolelybyeconomicand politicalinterests,threatento destroythesenseoftrueChristianbrotherhood;whensubversiveandatheisticelementsseek totaketheleadershipofthedeludedmasses,asif'theywerea sillyflock,hidingfromthem underfalseappearancestheobjectives towardswhichthey areleadingthem,itbecomesall themorenecessarythatthe ChurchirradiatefromItshigh beaconthelightofChristtoilluminatethetrack."

Piusisatemporalaswellas aspiritualsovereign.Theline ofPopes,Europe'soldestdy. nasty,goesbacktothefishermanofGalilee,whowasmartyredinthegreatcircusnear thepresentsiteofSt.Peter's Basilica,ontheslopeofVatican Hill.PapalsuccessionisanchoredtothewordsofChrist, "ThouartPeter,anduponthis rockIwillbuildMyChurch." TheVaticanCouncilof1870first enunciatedthedogmathatthe successorofSt.Peter,speaking excathedra-fromSt.Peter's throne-onsubjectsoffaithor morals,isinfallible.PiusXII hasneveravailedhimselfofthis privilege-hismanypronouncements,whileheededbyCatholics theworldover,arenot"dogma."

ThevastPapaldomainwhich oncecoveredallCentralItaly nolongerexists;KingVictor EmmanuelI,inunifyingItaly, absorbedthePapalStatesin 1870.Forthenextfifty-nine years,thePopesconsideredthemselvesprisonersintheVatican, andwerenotonspeakingterms withtheItalianmonarchsuntil thesigningoftheLateran

picturesque.ThePalaceitself, mostofwhichdatesfromthe sixteenthcentury,isbelievedto betheworld'ssecond-largestpalace,surpassedonlybythePotala oftheDalaiLamaofTibet.In itsramblingwingsitcontains some11,000rooms,twentycourtyards,andnearly300staircases;

quartersoftheRomanCatholic Church.ThePope,ingovern- ingthisvast,globe-girdlingorganisation,comprisingsome370,000,000souls,isassistedbya cabinetconsistingoftwelvedepartments,calledcongregations. Threeofthese-theHolyOffice, theConsistorialCongregation,

"Whensubversiveandatheisticelementsseektotakethe leadershipofthedeludedmasses,itbecomesallthemore necessarythattheChurchirradiatefromitshighbeacon thelightofChristtoilluminatethetrack"

Treatyof1929,thelegalaspects ofwhichwereworkedoutbythe presentPope'sbrother.The Pontiffnowrulessupremeover VaticanCity.Histemporal realm,itistrue,isonlythesize ofasmallfarm-one-sixthofa squaremile-and,totheapproachingvisitor,seemstohide behindthemassivefrontofSt. Peter'sBasilica.Nomorethan 1,000peoplelivewithinitswalls. Butitisasovereignstate,completewithpostoffice,arailroad terminalandaradiostation,and itissuesitsownstampsand coins. Inside,you'llfindoneofthe world'smostcolourfulcourts Everythingisspectacularand

mostofitsspaceistakenupby theVaticanMuseum,whichis opentothepublic.InthegildedhallsconnectingtheVatican offices,thecolourfulrobesofpre- latesminglewiththeceremonial courtdressofforeignambassadorsandthequaintuniformsof thePapalGuards.ThePope's personisprotectedbyapersonal bodyguardconsistingofseventyseventallRomannobles,the PalatineGuard,thePontifical GendarmesandthepluckySwiss Guards,100strong,intheirbluered-and-yellowuniforms,which weredesignedbyMichelangelo himself.

Thisquaintandtinyspeckof neutralgroundcontainsthehead-

andtheCongregationofthe EasternChurch-areheadedby thePopehimself,whilethenine othersareheadedbycardinals. Eachcongregationisacommit teeofcardinalsand,asthere arenotenoughcardinalsinRome togoaround,acardinalmaybe amemberofseveralcongregations.Atpresent,twentycar dinalsresideinRome.With theexceptionofCardinalTisserant,aFrenchman,andtheVatican'sexpertonMiddleEastern affairs,theyareItalians.Many ofthemareveryoldmen. Beneathitsserenityandcolour,theVaticanisahumming, buzzingbeehive.Information fromthefarcornersoftheworld,

sentinbyintelligent,sophisticatedrepresentativesoftheChurch abroad.ispiecedtogetherand siftedbytheintelligent,sophisticatedmenincrimson,purple andplainblack,whoformthe headquartersstaff.Onseveral occasions,inthesefast-moving times,theVaticanhasthusbeen inpossessionofvitalitemsofintelligence,andhasbeenableto usethemtotheadvantageof theChurchbeforeothergovernmentshadaninklingofthem.

Atthiswriting,thirty-twoforeignnationsarerepresentedat theVaticanthroughembassies andlegations-evenProtestant BritainandtraditionallyanticlericalFrancedonotfeelthat theycanforgotheopportunity ofhavingsuchapipelinetothe Vatican.

TheUnitedStateshasnodiplomaticrelationswiththeVatican,butsince1940hasmaintainedliaisonthroughMyronC. TayloraspersonalrepresentativeofPresidentRooseveltand, later,ofPresidentTruman,to thePope.Taylor,formerly chairmanoftheboardofthe UnitedStatesSteelCorporation, isashrewdEpiscopalianwhohas takenseriouslyhisdutiesof "renderinghelpfulservicetothe causeofChristiancivilisation," asPresidentTrumansummed upTaylor'sdutiesonMay,1946. Morerecently,inthefaceof whatmaybeagrowingAmericanfearlesttoocloseatiewith theVaticanembroilusinanotherwar,PresidentTrumanannouncedthatAmerican"officialrepre- sentation"attheHolySeewould terminateafterworldpeaceis restored.

TherelationsbetweentheVatLanandtheworldarehandled bytheSecretaryofState.Since thedeathofthePapalSecretary ofState,CardinalMaglione,in August,1944,however,thisimportantposthasnotbeenfilled, andtherehasbeenagooddeal ofcommentonthisvacancy, whichisbyfarthelongestin modernhistory.Theansweris asimpleone.Piushimself,by trainingandtemperament,isa statesman,andthereisnoneed ofinterposinganotherdiplomat betweenthePopeandtheoutside world.PiusissuperblyequippedtohandleVaticanpolitics, andheenjoysthepolitisalaspectsofhispositionimmensely.

Underhim,twobrilliant,colourful,highlycompetentmen runtheVatican'sForeignOffice. MonsignorGiovanniBattista MontiniheadstheDepartment ofOrdinaryAffairs;Monsignor DomenicoTardiniheadstheDepartmentofExtraordinayAffairs.Noonehasyetbeenable todefinewithaccuracythedifferencebetweenthetwodepartments,andthearrangement,so plausible-soundingandyetsofar away,doesnotlackaGilbertand-Sullivantouch.Roughly speaking,routinecontactswith Papal'representativesabroad comeunderOrdinaryAffairs, whiletheconclusionofconcordatsandsimilarpoliticaltrans actionsinvolvingforeigngovernmentscomeunderExtraordinary Affairs.Evidently,manyimportantproblemsarisinginthe politicalfieldaffectbothdepart- ments-MontiniandTardiniwork (ContinuedonPage5.)

FOR

MAKE-

ACatholicManifestoon

HumanRights

ImportantDocumentresented toU.N.O.

The"inalienablerights"whichmanmusthavetofulfilhisobligationsasacreatureofGodarecataloguedinadocumentdraftedbyCatholicscholarswhichhasbeenpresentedtotheUnitedNationsCommissiononHumanRights.

Entitled"ADeclarationofRights,"thedocumentwaspreparedbyacommitteeofadozendistinguishedphilosophersand juristsappointedbytheNationalCatholicWelfareConference.

Thedeclarationtreatsofitssubjectsinfourcategories:the rightsofthehumanperson,therightspertainingtothefamily, thedomesticrightsofStatesandtherightsofStates.intheinternationalcommunity.

Itinsiststhat"suitableopport unitytodischargefundamental obligationsinthevariousandse paratesituationsoflifeisaright' thatcannotbedenied,"anditp ointsoutthat"forman'suse Godhasprovidedthebasicreso urcesoftheworld."Itstrikes outagainstpretextsthatwould deprivemanoftheserights.

Thetextofthedocumentfollows: ADeclarationofRightsDrafted byaCommitteeAppointedby theNationalCatholicWelfare Conference.

GeneralPreamble:

God,theCreatorofthehuman race,haschargedmanwithobligationsarisingfromhispersonaldignity,fromhisimmortal destiny,andfromhisrelationshipsasasocialbeing.These obligationsareinreferenceto theCreator,tohimself,tohis familyandfellow-men,tothe Stateandtothecommunityof States.Forthefulfilmentof theseobligationsmanisendowedwithcertainnatural,inalienablerights.Theseobligations andrightsformthesubstanceof thenaturalmorallaw,which canbeknownbyreason.

Obligationsandrightsarecorrelative.Atalltimestheobligationtorespecttherightsof othersoperatesagainstthearbitraryuseofrights.

Suitableopporttinitytodischargefundamentalobligations inthevariousandseparatesituationsoflifeisarightwhich cannotbejustlydenied.For man'suseGodhasprovidedthe basicresourcesofthisworld.

Theunityofthehumanrace underGodisnotbrokenbygee graphicaldistanceorbydiversityofcivilisation,cultureand economy;andtheadequateuse oftheworld'sresourcesbyall peoplesisnottohedeniedbecauseofthesefactors.

Weaknessresultingfromconquestorimperfectioningovernmentalorganisationshouldnot heusedasapretexttoreject thefundamentalrightsofmanor toimpedetheirlegitimateexercise.

Theorderofrightsoutlined belowprogressesthroughtheindividual,thefamily,theState, andthecommunityofStates.

PARTI.

TheRightsoftheHumanPerson.

(S)Therighttoeducationsuitableforthemaintenanceanddevelopmentofman'sdignityasa humanperson.

(9)Therighttopetitionthe Governmentforredressofgrievances.

(101Therighttoanationality.

(11)Therightofaccesstothe meansoflivelihood,bymiorationwhennecessary.

(12)Therightofassociation andpeaceableassembly.

(13)Therighttoworkand chooseone'soccupation.

(14)Therighttopersonal ownership,useanddisposalof propertysubjecttotherightsof othersandtolimitationsinthe interestofthegeneralwelfare.

(15)Therighttoaliving wage.

(16)Therighttocollective bargaining.

(17)Therighttoassociateby industriesandprofessionstoobtaineconomicjusticeandthe gereralwelfare.

(18)Therighttoassistance fromsociety,ifnecessaryfrom thestate,indistressofperson orfamily.

PART

TheRightsPertainingtothe Family.

Preamble:Thefamilyisthe naturalandfundamentalgroup unitofsociety,andisendowed bytheCreatorwithinalienable rightsantecedenttoallpositive law.Thefamilydoesnotexist fortheState,hotontheother landisnotindependent.

Amongthen.rightsare:

1Therighttomarry,toestabl'shaho-n2abdbegetchildren.

(2)Therighttoeconomicse curitysufficientforthestability andindependenceofthefamily.

(3)Therighttotheprotection ofmaternity.

(4)Therighttoeducatethe children.

(5)Therighttomaintain,if necessary,bypublicprotection andassistance,adequate standardsofchildwelfarewithin thefamilycircle.

(6)Therighttoassistance, throughcommunityservicesin theeducationandcareofthe children.

(7)Therighttohousing adaptedtotheneedsandfunctionsoffamilylife.

(4)Therighttotaxbyadequateandequitablemeariais ordertocarryoutitsproper functions.

(5)Therighttoexerciseera inentdomainwhendemandedby thecommonwelfare.

(6)Therighttorequirethat itspeoplereceiveaneducation suitableforcitizenship.

(7)Therighttodefenditself againstdomesticviolence.

(8)Therighttowatchover, stimulate,restrainandorderthe privateactivitiesofindividuals andgroupsinthedegreethatis necessaryforthecommongood

(9)Therighttoregulateoperationsofinternationaleconomicgroupsfunctioningwithin itsownboundaries.

(10)Therighttoadoptintime ofemergencyspecialmeasures necessaryforthecommongood.

PARTIV.

TheRightsofStateshithe InternationalCommunity.

Preamble:Thehumanfamily constitutesanorganicunityof aworld society.

TheStatesoftheworldhave therightandthedutytoas,o ciateandtoorganiseintheinternationalcommunityfortheir commonwelfare.

Theindispensablefoundation ofallpeacefulintercourseamong nationsandanessentialconditionofjuridicalrelationsamong themarecommontrustandrespectfortheplighted word. Treatiesandagreementsmust notbeconsideredsubjecttoarbitraryunilatteralrepudiation.

EveryStatehascertainfundamentalrightsintheinternationalcommunity.

Amongtheserightsare:

(1)Therighttoexistas a memberoftheinternationalcore munityandtobeprotectedinits nationallifeandintegrityagainstactsofaggressionbyany otherStateorStates.

(2)Therighttoindependence inthedeterminationofitsown domesticandforeignpoliciesis accordancewiththeprinciplesof morality,andsubjecttotheobligationsofinternationallaw.

(3) to equalitywithotherStatesinthe familyofnations.

(4)Therighttomembershipis theorganisedinternationalcommunityandtothebenefi',of internationalco-operation.

(5)Therighttotheassistance oftheinternationalcommunity insecuringthefulfilmentofthe termsofajusttreatyoragreement.

(6)Therighttoobtainfrom theinternationalcommunityredressofgrievancesarisingfrom unjusttreatiesimposedbyforce.

(7)Therighttotherevision oftreatieswhicharenolonger inaccordwithfundamentaljustice.

(8)Therighttorecourseto theproceduresofpacificsettlementestablishedbytheinternationalcommunityfordisputes whichdiplomaticnegotiations havefailedtosettle.

(9)Therighttomaintainpoli tical,economicandsocialintercoursewithotherStatesupon equalterms.

(10)Therightofaccess,upoa equalterms,tothemarketsand rawmaterialsoftheworldnecessaryforitsownlifeasapeople.

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Preamble:Thedignityof man,createdintheimageof God,obligateshimtoliveinaccordancewithlawimposedby God. Consequently,heisendowedasanindividualandas amemberofsocietywithrights whichareinalienable.

Amongtheserightsare:

(1)Therighttolifeandbodilyintegrityfromthemomentof conception,regardlessofpyhsicalormentalcondition,except injustpunishmentforcrime.

(2)Therighttoserveand worshipGodinprivateandin public.

(3)Therighttoreligiousformationthrougheducationand association.

(4)Therighttopersonallibertyunderjustlaw.

(5)therighttotheequalprotectionofjustlawregardlessor sex,nationality,colourorcreed.

(6)Therighttofreedomof expressionofinformationandof communicationin accordance withtruthandjustice.

(7)Therighttochooseand freelytomaintainastateoflife, marriedorsingle,layorreligious.

(8)Therighttoimmunityof thehomefromsearchandtrespass.

(9)Therighttoprotection againstimmoralconditionsin thecommunity.

PARTIII.

TheDomesticRightsofStates.

Preamble:Politicalauthority isentrustedbyGodtonationswhichareendowedwithrights andchargedwiththeobligation ofestablishingjustice,ofpromotingthegeneralwelfareof theircitizensandofco-operating vithotherrationsinfurthering theuniversalwelfareofmankind.

Itistherightofallpeoples thatarecapableofself-governmenttoorganisepoliticallyand tofunctionasStatesuponequal termswithotherStates.

Amongtheserightsare:

(1)Therighttoenactjust lawsbindinginconscience.

(2)Therighttoestablish courtsofjusticeandtoenforce theobservanceoflawwithadequatesanctions.

(3)Therighttodemandofits citizensrespectfortherightsof minorities.

(11)Therighttoprotectits ownnaturalresourcesandeconomiclifefromunjustexploita tion.

(12)Therighttotheassist anteoftheinternationalcommunityintimeofeconomicor socialdistress.

(13)Therighttograntasylumtorefugeesfrominjustice.

EVERYSUNDAY EVENING FROM 6119 P.M. g1115 STATIONS 6ORS.J.

ChristGaveMan.thePowerto ForgiveSins

"AnotherListener,"SouthPerth: "hiyourreplyto"Listener" lastsessionaboutAlCapone's repentance,youimpliedthat byconfessinghiscrimestoan R.C.priest,hecouldgeta cleanbillandafreepassto Heaven.Haveyouanyauthorityforsuchaprocedure?

Whydidheneedtotellthem toanR.C.priest?Couldhe nothavegonedirecttotheAllmercifulFatherthroughthe mediationofJesus?"

A.:YouaskhaveIanyauthorityforthepracticeofconfessionintheCatholicChurch.Of courseIhave,andtheverybest authorityistheChurchherself. Sheitisthatteachesuswhat wemustbelieveandwhatwe mustdoinordertoobtaineverlastinglife.Insodoingsheis butcarryingouttheordergiven herbyChristwhenHesaidto theApostles:"Goye,therefore, teachallnations,teachingthem toobserveanddowhatsoeverI havecommandedyou:andbeholdIamiwithyoualldayseven untotheendoftheworld." (Mt.28,22.)

ChristOurLordhasprescribedquiteclearlythetermson whichHewillforgivesins.Christ isGod,andhastherighttolay downthoseterms.AfterHis Resurrectionfromthedead, Christ,breathingonHisApostles,saidtothems."Receiveye theHolyGhost,whosesinsyou

shallforgivetheyareforgiven, whosesinsyoushallretainthey areretained."(Jo.XX.,22,23.)

Fromthesewordsitisevident thatthepersontowhomthe powertoforgivesinswasconfidedhastopassjudgmentonthe sinscommitted.Henceitwas necesarythatthesinsbemanifestedtohimbythesinner.

Thatthispowerofforg sins,throughtheSacramentof Penance,wasgiventotheApos- tlesinordertobehandedonby themtotheirsuccessors,should beobvioustoanyonewhothinks overthematterseriously.It evidentlybelongedtothosepowerswhichChristgavethrough HisApostlestoHisChurch;and thatChurch,accordingtoHis will,wastoremainuntilthe endoftime.TheCatholic Churchhasretainedthisprac. ticeofconfessionfromthevery earliestdaysoftheChurch,so thatherprieststo-day,when theyhearconfessions,areexercisingthepowerconfidedto theApostlesbyOurLordHimself.

Onethenwhoposessesthe TrueFaithandisamemberof theCatholicChurch,knowsthat Christ,OurMediator,hasinstitutedthismeansforustoobtaintheforgivenesofoursins fromtheFatherofAllMercy. Hewillthereforeknowthatfor himthereliesthewayofsalvation.

ModernismisnotModernity

summaryofthesystem,asfar asitcanhecalledasystem.Eventhosecondemnedbythe encyclicalcouldnotwithouttheir admirationofthepatientlabour whishwentintoitselaboration.

WhytheChurchPraysforRussia

"Is

No,itisnottruetosaythat theChurchisanenemyoftrue progress.Sheistheunrelentingenemyofaprogresstowards materialismandatheism,for bothofthesemarkaretrograde stepintheprogressofthehumanrace.Ifancyyoudonot

reallyknowanythingaboutthe Modernismagainstwhichthe clergytakeanoath.Thisheresyhasbeenwellsaidtocontain allheresies.Itisbynomeans easytogiveyouafullandsatisfactorydefinitionofModernism.Firstofalltheword standsforcertaintendencies, andsecondlyforabodyofdoctrine,whichifitdidnotgive birthtothesetendenciesserves atanyrateastheirexplanation andsupport. Thefamousencyclicalletter ofPopePiusX.,"Pascendi,"was thefirs,Catholicsynthesisor

Ishalltrytogiveyou,asbriefly aspossible,asummaryofwhatis condemned,sothatyoumayun- derstandthesubtlemenaceof Modernism

TheModernistsprofessthede- siretoadaptCatholicismtothe intellectual,moralandsocial needsoftheday.Thespiritin whichthisadaptationistotake placemightbesummarisedun- derthreeheads.Firstthereis tobeaspiritofcompleteeman-cipationwithitsattendantweak- eningofecclesiasticalauthority. Sciencemustbecompletelyfree totraverseeveryfieldofinves- tigationwithoutanydirectives fromoutsideitsowndomain. TheStatemustbecompletely freeandmustneverbehamper- edbyreligiousauthority.Theprivateconscienceistobeem- ancipated.Theoldideathat thefaithfulshouldthinkwith theChurchistobereplaced withthenewprinciplethatthe Churchshouldbeinagreement withtheuniversalconscienceof thefaithful.Secondly,thereis aspiritofmovementandchange,withaninclinationtowardsa sweepingformof evolution whichabhorseverythingfixed andstationary.And,thirdly, thereshouldheaspiritofreconciliationamongallmen,not throughasharingofthesame intellectualconvictions,but throughthefeelingsoftheheart.

Throughsuchaspiritofemo- tionalreconciliationsomeofthe optimistsamongthemodernists seemtohavehopedforaunion, notmerelyofthevariousChris- tiansectsamongthemselves,but ofthesewithnon-Christianre- ligionsandevenultimatelywith atheism-whichreallydoesseem tcbegoingtoofar!Naturally thebasisofsuchaunionmust besuperiortodoctrinaldifferences.

Probablythemostfundamentalerrorinmodernismisthis attitudetowardsdogma,orwhat isthesamething,oursuper- naturalknowledge.Modernismdestroysthesupernatural modernistholdsthatthereisno absolute,objectivetruthrevealedbyGod,butthatreligiousbe- liefsarethesoul'sexperiencesin itssronineafterGodinananswertoinwardreligiousimpulses.Herejectsmiraclesand prophecyassignsofGod'srevelation.

Howdifferentistheteaching oftheCatholicChurchonthe subjectofoursupernatural knowledge!Sheconsidersdogmasasinpartsupernaturaland mysterious,proposedtoourfaith byaDivinelyinstitutedauthority,onthegroundthattheyare partofthegeneralrevelation, whichtheApostlespreachedin thenameofJesusChrist.This faithisanassentoftheintellectmadeundertheswayofthe will.Byitweholdfirmlywhat Godhasrevealed,andwhatthe Churchproposestoustobelieve. Faithistheholdingsomething firmlyontheauthorityofGod's word,whensuchauthoritymay berecognisedbysignsthatare sufficient,atleastwiththehelp ofgrace,tocreatecertitude. WhatIhavesaidshould.I feelsure,"Listener,"Convince youthatinhercondemnationof modernism-notofmodernity,I begyou,fortheChurchhasalwaysbeenthepatronofthose artsandsciencesthatliftman nearertoGod-whichistheonly trueprogress-inhercondemna tionofmodernism,Isay,the Churchstruckablowonbehalf ofthatsupernaturalfaithand thatspirituallifewithoutwhich allmen'smaterialachievements arevain-bothinthislifeand thenext.Ifyouwanttosee amonumenttoman'smaterial andscientificprogresswithout God,justlookaroundonthe ruinsofwhatoncewasEurope!

LEO requiredthefaithfultopray "Outsider."Perth,writes: "OnattendingMasswitha Catholicfriend,Inoticedthat thelastportionoftheservice wasinEnglish.butbeyondthefactthattherewasapetition forprotectionfromevilspirits, Icouldnotquitecatchthe exactnatureofthefavours askedforinthisportionof theservice.WhenIaskedmy friendwhythisportionwasin English,andwhatpetitions weremade,heconfinedhimselftotheastonishingstatementthattheprayerswere saidforRussia,andthenfirmlyreferredmetoyou."

A.Iamgladtobeabletoconfirmwhatyourfriendsaid,and Ihopethatbothheandyouwill besatisfiedwithmyanswerto yourquestion.Forreasons whichIhaveexplainedinaprevioussession,Massissaidin Latin;theprayerstowhichyou referdonotformpartofthe rite,orceremonial,ofoffering Mass,butaresaidafterithas beenconcluded.Inpointof fact,theseprayerssaidinEnglishattheendofMassareoften calledthe"LeoninePrayers," becausetheywerefirstappointedtobesaidbyPopeLeoXIII. intheyear1884.SometwentyyearspreviouslytheItalianGov. ernmenthadbeguntoseizethe PapalStatesandwasstillholdingthembyforce;inGermany Bismarck,stillsoreathavingto retreatbeforethespiritedresistanceoftheCatholicstohis effortstodeprivethemoftheir faith,wasdoingallhedaredto hindertheworkoftheChurch; inFrancetheevilandcorrupt PresidentGrevywasdoingall hecouldtodestroytheChristianheritageofthenation,and elsewheretheChiirchwasmeetingwiththeobstructionandpersecutionwhichChristhadpromisedwouldbethelotofHis disciples.True,then,toChrist' ownprinciplesandpractice,the

XIII. forthelibertyoftheChurch. Popecalledonallthefaithfulto prayfortheChurchandforthe libertyoftheChurch,especially inItaly,wherethePopewasvirtuallyaprisonerinhispalaceof theVatican.

When,in1929,theLateran Treatywassigned,andthePope wasnolongeraprisoner,butrecognisedasanindependentSovereign,PopePiusXI.gratefully recognisedthatGodhadheard theprayersofthefaithfuland shortlyafterdecidedtoiuirect Catholicsthroughouttheworld tooffertheLeoninePrayersfor anewintention.Withatruly Christianspiritofforgiveness andcharity,alsowithawonderfulforesightastowherethe world'stroublesshouldcome from,hecalleduponallCatholicstooffertheseprayersfor Russia.ChristOurLordsaid: "Loveyourenemies;dogoodto themthathateyou;andprayfor themthatpersecuteandcalumniateyou."(Mt.V.,44.)

"Whyaretheseprayersin English?"youask.

Answer:Actuallyinmany partsoftheworldtheyaresaid inLatin,butIthinkthereason fortheirbeingsaidinEnglish isthatthebishopsoftheEng lish-speakingworldwantedto givethepeopleanopportunity oftakingamoreactivepartin theChurch'sefforttosecurespecialDivineaidfortheirFather inGod,thevisibleHeadofthe Churchonearth.

(ContinuedonPage15.)

wrote PIUSX. thefirstCatholicsynthesisof "Layman,"Sunbury:

itnottruetosaythatthe CatholicChurchisanenemy ofprogress?Donotyou,her bishopsandclergy,takean oathagainstModernism?Surelythisistocondemnpeople toremainbehindthetimes andunprogresive?"

Modernism.

By FrancisGilbert

OurChristianphilosophywould makeamodesthome-owner,a modestproperty-owner,amodestcapitalistoutofeveryman; buttheReds,thefellow-travellers,willhaveonlyonecapitalist,theomnipotentRedState, andtherestofusmustworkfor thisRedStateorstarve.

Onecanattributethesuccess oftheCommunistsinpropagandisingtheirprogrammetotheir useofthe"cell"ordiscussion groupandtheresultantforceful leadershipthatcomesfromthis training.Wemustfollowthe adviceofPopePiusXI.,and adoptthesametechnique.

ThePopecriestous:''Belovedson,takealeafoutofthe Communistbook!Onevery culturallevel,fromthehandworkeruptothehighestprofessionalmen,establishDiscussion Groups!"

Inthewordsofthepresent HolyFather,"thelaityarein thefrontlineoftheChurch's life."TheHolyFatherexpects toseeusinthefrontline-shall webesatisfiedwithanything less?Onceagainlet'sgetout wherewebelong,asleaderson thefrontfiringline.

ANZACDAY

PreachinginSt.Mary'sCathedralattheSolemnRequiemMass onAnzacDay,theRev.Dr.E. SullivanBalch-AnzacDayisadayofsolemn remembrance;itisadayof memories.

AnzacDayisadayofsolemn remembrance;itisthedayon whichthisournation,Australia,commemoratessomeofthe mostgloriouspagesinherhis. tory;thepatriotismofhersons anddaughters;theirhighendeavourandtheirgrandachievement, theirconstantfortitudeinadversity,theirsufferings,andin manycasesthesacrificeoftheir lives.Thisdayourcountrycomemoratesherowngrowthtona tionhoodandherownproudintegrityasanation.

Nationalisationandthetrend towardcollectivisatioiaretodayworld-widephenomena.But fewcountriesofEuropeand elsewherehavenothadrecourse tothemingreaterorlessdegree.Onlytheeconomiesof theUnitedStates.Canada,and toalesserextentofotherAmericaicountriesmaybesaidto restonafundamentallyfreeenterprisebasis.Despitethe widely-heraldedsuperiorityof theAmericansystem,theworld growsprogressivelycollectivist Theonlyquestionwhichapparentlyremainsistowhatextent andunderwhoseauspices.

Communismalonedoesnot meritalltheblame.Expansiveasitis,theKremlin'seconomicorbithasdefinitelimits. Yetthetrendtowardcollectivisationexceedsthoselimits,a factnotattributablesolelyto Communistagitators.Inrealitysomeadvocatesofextended governmentalactivityareamong themostbitterfoesofStalinism andtheCommunismespousedby theRussianrulers.

InRussia,ofcourse,andin herincorporatedSovietsocialist republics,thetrendtowardcollectivisationshowsitselfinalmostuniversalstateownership andoperationofindustry.Privateenterprise,whereallowed atall,existsonlytoanextent insufficienttoinfluencethenationaleconomy.InthecountriesdirectlywithintheSoviet orbit,wide-scalenationalisation ofindustry,coupledwiththe breakingupofremaininglarge estates,istakenforgranted.

Hungary,forexample,haswell advancedalongtheroadofnationalisation.withthepreviouslyexistingconcentrationof wealth,particularlyofland,actingasanincentivetorigorous action.

InCzechoslovakiaandPoland, theultimatepatternhasnotyet emerged,andwhilenatonalisationofmorebasicindustriesappearsinevitable,theareasreservedtoprivateenterprisemay belargerthanatfirstimagined.

ThecriticalsituationintheBal-

kans,wheretheheavyrural populationisgenerallypoorand industryunderdeveloped,has ledalmostinevitablytomarked governmentinterventionineconomiclife,withthefutureof privateenterpriseexceedingly doubtful.Norwayappearsin muchthesameposition,while Swedenwitnessesabattlebetweenstronggovernmentcontrol andtheentrenchedco-operative movement.

ThebroadoutlinesofBritain's economicprogrammearewell enoughknown,althoughfewappreciatetheacutenessofthe situationwhichoccasionedthe presentprogramme.Nordo manyrealisehowdifficultthe Britishfindthetaskofdelimitingtherespectiveareasforprivateandgovernmentalenterprise.InFrancetheproblem somewhatresemblesthatofBritain,althoughpoliticaldisputes, thedecayofpublicmorale,and themorecomprehensivenature ofthenationalisationprogramme haveundulycomplicatedmatter,. TheLowCountrieshavetheir ownproblemsinthematterof governmentcontrol,andBelgium inparticularistornbetweenopposingtendencies.

Whatseemsparticularlydifficultforsomechampionsof SpaintorealiseisthattheSpanishGovernmenthasnumerous economiccontrols,muchmore rigorousthananythingwehave knownandsimilarinmanyways tothoseofpreviouslymentioned countries.ContemporarySpain, likeArgentina,isbutanotherexampleofthefactthatopponents ofStalinismarenotnecessarily defendersofthedemocraticway oroffreedom.

Thelessonsoftheworldeconomicpictureshouldbeevident. Predominant,ofcourse,isthe factthattimerunsoutwherein theUnitedStatescanexerteconomicleadership.Theabsolutelyessentialconditionsfor maintenanceofthatleadership aretheironingoutofitsindustrialstrifedomesticallyandthe positiveencouragementofindustrialdevelopmentandfreetrade, foritbringsupideologicalproblemswhichdonotevenadmit ofexpositionwithinthisnarrow space.Thelatterquestionof

worlddevelopmentandfree tradeisatleastbeingpartially metbyitsevolvingforeigneconomicpolicy.

Whatwillbethefinalfateof privateenterprisewecannotsee atthistime.Forthepresent thworstenemiesofareasonablesolutionoftheconflictbetweenindividualisticandcollectivistictendenciesarethosewho seenothingbutblackandwhite, andignoretheshadesbetween.

CHURCHGOINGIN HOLLAND

Fiftypercent.oftheDutch nationgoestochurchatleast onceaweek,accordingtoa country-widepolltakenbythe NetherlandsStatisticalFounds tionamongvariouspopulation groups.Completeresultsofthe pollsareasfollows:

Morethanonceperweek:13 percent. Onceperweek:37percent. Twiceorthreetimespermonth: 8percent.

Occasionally: Notatall:30percent.

ThefirstgroupismadeupexclusivelyofCatholics.Ofthe Catholicpartofthepopulation, 11percent.goestochurchevery day,31percent.severaltimes perweek51percent.onceper week,1percent.morethanonce permonth,2percent.centoccasionally,and4percentnotat all.

IntheProtestantgroupsof thepopulation,thedivisionisas follows:

NetherlandsReformed: Onceperweek:35percent. Severaltimespermonth:18per cent.

Occasionally:26percent. Notatall:21percent.

Reformed(Calvinist):

Onceperweek:88percent. Severaltimespermonth:per cent.

Occasionally:2percent.

Notatall:4percent. Womengotochurchfarmore faithfullythandomen.Among theCatholics,especially,thedifferenceislarge;121daysper yearforwomen,againstonly89 formen.

Contrarytoexpectation,the widestneglectofchurch-going wasnotfoundamongtheyoung people,butamongthosebetween theagesof30and40.Allpeopleinterviewedweremorethan 18yearsofage.

LACKOFECONOMIC DEMOCRACYHELPS REDS

DIFFICULTJOBFOR CATHOLICWRITERS

It'sabouttimeforCatholics tostoptryingtopassoffasliteraturewhatHarrySlyvester, Catholicauthor,calls"thehoney andholywaterschoolofwriting." InthesetimeswhenGodhas beenruledoutoftheaffairsof eomanymen,thejobofCatholic writersistoincreasetheinfluenceoftheChurch,andthereforeofGod.Thisjobistremendouslydifficult"becauseCatholicsarenecessarilyatwar withthisage. Andyetthe writerwhoistobeeffective mustreachthepeopleofthisage andmustreachthemwiththe sametoolsandthesameskill thattheenemiesofGodemploy."

Atlastwehavemenwhoare braveenoughandtalented enoughtodothisalmostimpossiblejob.Theirlumberis small,buteventhefewareunknowntomostofus,andtoo oftenwescornthembecause theyoffendourover-tendersensibilitiesorcondemnthembecausetheirbarbsstriketooclose tohome. ThebestCatholicliterarymen ofto-dayarethosewhoknow howfrighteningitistotryto bringGodbacktoHisrightful placeofsupremacyintheaffairs ofmen;whoknowtootheproblemsthatwracktheworldtoday-theproblemsofirreligion andagnosticism,thesocialand politicalevilsthathaveproducedthosetwinmodernmonsters ofCommunismandNazism;who knowthenatureofman,made intheimageofGodbuttainted byoriginalsinandsoinclined towardsevilofeveryvariety; whoknowthedeep,darkreaches ofthesoulandthestrange workingsofgrace;whohavethe technicalskillandtheinspirationthatalonecanproducetrue literature;whoarebraveenough toseemanasheisintheworld, towritehonestlyabouthim,and stilltogivehimaliftonthe hardhighwaytoheaven.

CATHOLICWOMEN'S LEAGUE

ButifAnzacDayisa(layof solemnremembrance,itisalsoa dayofmemories.Forwhois thereamongstus-aftertwo majorwarsinacomparatively shortspanofyears-whodoes notfaithfullycherishthememoryofahusband,ason,ora daughter,abrotherorasister,a belovedfriend,whodidnotcome backagainattheendofitall,at theendofallthehighendeav. our,ofallthesuffering,andall theglory?

Someofthemlieburiedinwar cemeteriesinAustralia,but manymoresleeptheirlastsleep farfromtheirowncountry,in FranceandBelgium,themajor theatresofthefirstwar.

ThosewhowenttotheMiddle Fastearlyintherecentwarsaw inthoseearlydaysthewarcemeteriesatsuchplacesasJerusalemandGaza,therestingplaces oftheirfellowAustraliansof anothergeneration,asolemnrecordofthepartplayedbythe firstA.I.F.inthattheatreinthe 1914-1918war.Beforethe MiddleEastcampaignswere over,manyofthemselveswere destinedtobelaidtorestin thosewarcemeteries;whilethe Australiantroopsbeforeleaving Tobruktookaceremonialfarewelloftheircomradeswhom theyleftburiedthere.Others areburiedinMalaya,andduringthelaterphasesofthewar ourhonoureddeadwerelaidto restinwarcemeteriesinthe PacificIslandsnearertohome. Thesearethemenandwomen whosememorywehonourtoday.Foreachoneofusto-day isadayofmemories.

Butthesemenandwomen, whosememorywecherish,were peoplewhohadinterestslikeour ownbeforetheneedsofwar calledthemfromtheirnormal wayoflife,theiravocations, theirwork,thethingsinlife theycaredmuchfor,thehomes inwhichtheyhadgrownup,the homeswhichtheythemselves hadfounded,theirhopesforthe future.Andiftheirmortalremainsresteitherinourlandor inwarcemeteriesinotherlands nearandfar,theirspiritstill belongstothis,theircountryand ours.Andweowetotheirmemorymorethanjustamemory, howeverdeepandtrue;andmore thanjustoccasionalwordsof praiseandgratitude,however sincere.Weshouldstriveearnestlytopreservetheintegrity ofourcountry,notmerelyits materialintegrity,butitsmoral andspiritualintegrityasaChristiannation.

TheCathedralBranchofthe CatholicWomen'sLeaguewill meetintheChurchOffice,VictoreSquare,at8p.m.onMonday,May5(LabourDay)

Executivemeeting:Wednesday, May7,at2.30p.m. Generalmeeting:Wednesday, May14,at2.30p.m.

CONSULT

LAUBMAN6PANK

(W.A.)LIMITED

77BARRACKSTREET-PERTH PHONEB3511

WeincorporatewithustheOpticalPracticesofOPTICALSUPPLIES(W.A.),LTD., OPTICALPRESCRIPTIONS(W.A.),LTD., FOY&GIBSON'SOPTICALDEPARTMENT, M.P.RYAN,Optometrist(lateOrientBuildings), Ar.dHOLLYWOODMILITARYHOSPITAL.

Thefailureofpoliticaldemocracytoestablisheconomicdemocracyatitssideisfeeding thecauseofCommunisminthe worldto-day.

Toinsurethemselvesfrom starvation,theworkersofthe worldhaveprovedtooproneto bendtheirneckstothetotalitarianyoke;neverwasthere greaterorgraverneedtorecovertheeconomicrightsofman.

Toabatethoseabusesofunrestrictedcapitalismagainstwhich theCommunistsquitejustlycomplain,ourChristianphilosophy wouldpasscapitalismaround, andmakeeveryhonestworkera modestcapitalistinhisown right.

TablesmaybebookedforMrs. Goody'sbridgeparty,tobeheld onThursdaynight,May22,in aidofSt.Charles'Seminary,at theLeagueRooms.

DonationsforRedCross:Miss O'Dea,£1;M.E.F.,10s.

COTTESLOEBRANCH.

Abridgeandrummyparty, arrangedbytheCatholic Women'sLeague,willbeheld intheParishHall,StirlingHighway,Cottesloe,onFriday,May 9.Playwillcommenceat8.15 p.m.Excellentprizeswillbe givenforbothrummyand bridge.Adaintysupperwillbe provided.Metrobusandparlourcarstopatdoor.Alight atMcNeill-street,Cottesloe.

Thatcanonlybedoneifin dividualAustraliansordertheir ownlivesaccordingtoprinciples ofjusticeandcharityandthe othervirtueswhichfollowfrom these:mutualunderstanding,tolerance,generosityofspirit.It canonlybeobtainedifthose whogovernthenationbringthe samevirtuesofjusticeandcharityintotheircouncilsandan informedpublicopiniondemands thisofthem,ifthepublicand sociallifeofthenationisnot sulliedbyhatredandenvy,greed andself-interest.

Onefinalword:Ifthemortal bodiesofthosewhomweremem berrestinwarcemeteries,their soulsbelongedtoGod-theireternaldestinytoreturntoHim fromWhomtheycame.Therefore,inhonouringtheirmemory -inaccordancewithourCatholic custom,inspiredbyfaithand hallowedbycenturiesofuse-we offertheSacrificeoftheBody andBloodoftheLordforthem, prayingGodtoacceptthefruits ofthatSacrificeasasuffrage fortheirsouls,thattheymayattaintoeternalrestandhappiness.Amen.

AnInspiringLeaderinanAge

WhytheChurchWill NotLosetheInitiative

(ContinuedfromFrontCover) inintimatecontactwitheach other,alefthandandaright handknowingverywellwhatthe otherdoeth.

TheMontini-Tardinicombinationisoneofthemostfascinatingandmosttalked-aboutaspectsofVaticanlife.Thetwo prelatesconstitutethefunnel throughwhichallsoundwaves fromtheoutsideworldmustpass toreachthePapalear-thereis nooneelsewhosewordcarries authoritywithregardtoforeign affairs.Thismonopolysometimesirritatesforeigndipplmats accreditedtotheHolySeeasit, entailsfrequentdelays.ItsatisfiesPius,whoworkedwith thesetwomenwhenhewasSecretaryofStateandwho,thanks totheircombinedexperience, astutenessanddiplomatictact, canaffordtoremainhisown ForeignMinister.

Inpersonalityandmanner, MontiniandTardinidiffergreatly,butthatverydifferencemakes themfittogetherlikethehalves ofanapple-theirmindsare trulycomplementary.Tardini, theseniorofthetwo,isarough diamond,somewhatrusticin manner,opentotheworld,frank tothepointofindiscretion,alwaysbubblingoverwithanecdotesandjokes-ascompletean extrovertasyoucanfindist')( rarefiedairofVaticanHill.

Montini,the"eminencegriseoftheVaticanandthemoreimportantofthetwomen,isof gentlemanner,shy,close-mouthedanddecidedlyanintrovert. Hisexpressivehands,suppleand yetstrong,seempaintedbyRaphaelandbringtomindtheproverbial"fineItalianhand."As headofOrdinaryAffairs.this

forty-eight-year-oldprelate,who isnotyetacardinal,isinconstantdirectcommunicationwith Catholicoutpostseverywhere. HisplaceinthehuboftheVatican'svastinformationnetwork makeshimthebest-informedman inItaly,andperhapsinallEuropewestoftheKremlin.Behindthecloseddoorsofhisreceptionchamber,whosewallsare coveredwithcrimsonsatin,he listenstoforeighdiplomats, Papalenvoys,bishopsandpriests fromthefar-flungcornersofthe Catholicempire.Hemayinterruptaninterviewtotakea 'phonecallfromRiodeJaneiro orShanghai,andhe'llreturn,unruffled,suaveandimpeccably polite.Whathelearns,hepasses on,inlongdailyconferences,to thePope.

PiushimselfisthehardestworkingpersoninVaticanCity. Isspendshisdayandattendsto hisdutieswiththeclockworkpreaisionofamanwhoconsiders timeoneoftheLord'smostpricelessgiftstohumanity-wasting evenafractionofitwouldbe sinful.Herisesat610,shaves withanelectricrazor,takesa showerandsomerathervigorous setting-upexercises.At7.15he proceedstothesmallchapelof hisapartmenttosayMass.At 8.10hehashisbreakfast,consistingofcoffeewithmilkanda pieceofbutteredbread.Then, inthepresenceofhistwosecre^aries,JesuitFathers,hereads hismailandgoesthroughthe stackofnewspaperswhichhas beenplacedonthedeskofhis privatestudy.Thenewspapers include,inadditiontotheRome morningpapers,samplesofthe French,Spanish,Britishand Americanpress.Hereadsrapidly,markingnewsitemsforhis secretariestocutoutandfile awayinPius'ever-growingcollectionofclippings.

ThePope'sprivateapartment onthethirdflooroftheVatican Palaceconsistsofsixlarge,simplyfurnishedroomswithtiled oors-achapel,astudy,asii. tingroom,adiningroom,alrhraryandabedroom.Thefurnitureofthebedroomconsistsof atable,achair,anironbed,a crucifixandsomefadedyellow drapes.Therearetwomaleservants,GiovanniandMario,who taketurnssleepinginthePal-

aceandservingPiusatMassas wellasattable.Threeelderly Swissnuns,wholiveoutsideand actuallyneverseethePope,keep theapartmentwellswept,dothe Pope'slaundry,andsetthetable -thelatterfunctioninvolveslittlework,asPiusalwaysdines alone.Thenunsalsoattendto thecuisine,whichisSwissstyle

At9.10Piustakestheelevatordowntothesecondfloor, wherehisstateand'reception rooms,arelocated.Heatonce proceedstothelargelibraryand ringsthebell,thusstartingthe dailyseriesofmorningaudiences.CardinalsandVatican officialsarereceivedfirst.Then ordinarycallersareadmitted. "Private"audiences,asarule, takeplaceinthelibrary,andthe Popeisseatedwhilehetalks withhisvisitor;"special"audiences,somewhatshorter,are grantedinoneofthesmallerreceptionchambers,andthePope remainsstanding.Catholicvisitorsgenuflectandkissthe Pope'sring-non-Catholicsmere. lybowandarefrequentlygreetedwithafirmhandshake.Pius makesitapointtospeaktohis visitorsintheirownlanguage andalwaysmanages,afterthe firstfewwords,todispeltheir stagefright,iftheyhaveany. Hedismissesthem,regardlessof theirreligion,withablessing. Hisaudiencesover,thePope goesbacktohisapartmentfor alonelyluncheon,consistingof soup,meat,vegetablesanda glassofwine.Piusgaveup smokingyearsagobecauseit seemedtoaffecthisvoice.Duringlunchhelikestolistentothe radio.Helovesgoodmusic, beingpartialtoBachandBeethoven,andnotintolerantof Wagner;hisfavouritepieceis oneofBach'sBrandenburgConcertos.Afterlunch,Piustakes anap,thengoesforhisdaily walkintheVaticanGardens. Hisprivateautomobile,abeatupoldBianchi,takeshimtohis favouritesectionofthepark everydayatfouro'clocksharp, rainorshine,andhewalksalone foranhouramongancienttrees andstatues,studyingsome paperswhichhehasbrought along.Duringthehotseason hehasadeskandchairrigger( inthegardenandworksthere duringthemorning,cuttinghis audiencestoaminimum.Pius hardlyeverleavestheVatican, andhasthusfarspentonlyone vacationatthePapalsummer residence,CastelGandolfo,inthe hillsnearRome.

Thelateafternoonhoursare spentonthethirdfloorofthe Palace.There,inthequietof hisprivateapartment,Piusreceivesthemenwhoarecloseto him.HeisinthehabitofpickingupthetelephoneandtalkingtofriendsbothintheVaticanandintownwithoutever botheringtotellthemwhois calling,expectingthemtorecog nisehisvoice.MontiniandTardini,oftheStateDepartment,or oneofthecardinals,maythus becalledinforalonginformal chat.Itisatthistime,too, thatthePopereceiveshisclosest

personalfriend,CountEnrico Galeazzi,anarchitect,whoisin chargeofsuppliesforVatican City.Galeazziisasuave,wellbredRomanwhospenthischildhoodinahousejustacrossthe streetfromthePacellis',butdid notbecomewellacquaintedwith PiusuntiltheRev.Francis Spellman,nowacardinal,but thenattachedtotheAmerican deskoftheeVaticanStateDepartment,broughtthetwomen together.Galeazziaccompanied PiusonhistriptoAmericain 1936;asthePope'sprivateemissary,herevisitedtheUnited StatesimmediatelybeforePearl Harbourandagainin1943.Galeazzi'sbrother,anoculist,is Pius'privatephysician.Thedoctorhasapenchantforhomeopathy,andthetheorythat"like cureslike"ratherappealstothe Pope;recently,whenPiussufferedfromabronchialcold,he curedhimselfbyapplyingicecoldpackstohischest,tothe consternationofsomeofthe moreconservativecardinals.

Afterafrugalsupperandan hour'sprayerandmeditationin hisprivatechapel,Piusreturns tohisdesk."Myrealwork," he'llexplain,"hastobedoneat night."Poundingawhiteport. abletypewriterPiusturnsout to-morrow'saddresstoagroup ofAmericansenatorsorPolish priests;hedraftshisnextbroadcastorputsdownthesalient pointsofaforthcomingencyclical.Hecarefullycorrectsevery drafthemakesandretypesthe finalversion;histypescriptscontainnoerrorsandaremodelsof cleancopy.Hepersonallylooks upallquotations,includingthose fromtheBible,refusingtodependonanyoneelsefortheyell. ficationofhistext.

Piusisoneoftheworld'soutstandinglinguists.Onarecentoccasionhedelivereda lengthyaddressinflawlessPor tuguese-remindinghissurprised secretaries,withasmile,thathe oncespenttwoweeksinBrazil. German,whichhestudiedasa boyandperfectedduringhis twelveyears'stayinGermany,is his"secondlanguage";hespeaks itwithoutaccentandreciteslong passagesfromGoetheand Schillerwithoutmissingasyllable.HisFrenchhasahigh literaryquality.Piusspeaks andreadsSpanish,Polish,Latin andGreek.HisEnglishis somewhathalting,buthasimprovedconsiderablysincethe fallofRome.

Dictionariesaretheonething thatmightbecalledthePope's hobby.Hehasafinecollection ofthem,andlooksupevery strangewordherunsacross.

EveninhisnativeItalian,heis asticklerforsuccinctness.Heinsistsonreadingproofsofhisown speechesandpronouncements beforetheyarepublishedinthe "OsservatoreRomano,"theVaticandaily,andoftensendsthe galleysbackwithcorrections whichsurprisethetrainededitorsofthatpaper.

Hismemoryisphenomenal. Havingreadamanuscriptthree times,heknowsitbyheart,and delivershisaddresses,withthe exceptionofradiobroadcasts, withoutthebenefitofscript.His photographicmindmakeshim "see"thetextashegoesalong.

Once,inBuenosAires,whenaddressinganopen-airmeetingin Spanish,hewalkedupanddown

of

hisbalcony,givingthemanwith themicrophonearatherdifficult time."Wethoughtyou'dlose yourtrendofthought,"friends saidtohimlater,"withthatfellowrushingbackandforthin frontofyou,holdingthemike." Pacelliassuredthemthatthe onlythinghe"saw"infrontof himwas"therollingpagesofthe manuscript."

Asaboy,Piusenjoyedhorsebackriding;hewasagoodswimmerand,ofallthings,acrack shot.To-dayhisdailywalkin thegardens,hismorningexerciseandhisfrugaldietkeep himfit.BeforebecomingPope heoftenattendedtheconcertsof theAugusteoSymphonyOrchestra;sincehiscoronation,theorchestrahasvisitedtheVatican threetimestogiveprivateconcertsforPius,andeachtimehe personallyselectedtheprogramme. Piusisfondofflyingandis oneofthepioneerairpassengers ofhisgeneration,havingtaken totravellingbyairintheearly 1920's.Hepreferssmallairplanes,withhimselfastheonly passenger,tolargepassenger planes,whicharetoomuch"like abus"Hethrillsatthesensationofspeedand.asSecretary ofState,usedtotellhischauffeurinRometogofaster.This predilectiononcelandedhimina ditchwithhisspectaclesbroken. A healthyseptuagenarian, Piusislookingaheadwitheventemperedconfidencetothenext crisisinwhichtheRomanChurch mayfinditself,trustingthatit willweatherfuturetempestsas ithasweatheredstormsinthe past.Heisconcerned,butnot worried,abiuttheyearsaheadtherewillalwaysbeaPope.At presentPiusisdevotingmuchof histhoughtandenergytothe problemofrebuildingtheravagedcontinentofwhichhewas bornacitizen.Spiritualaswell asmaterialreconstructionis needed.Withthecloudsgrowingdarkeroverheadandwithhis politicaladvisersgoingabout thegildedhallsoftheVatican withgloomyfaces,thePopesees itashisdutytopresentthis shakyworldwithsomethingpositivetoholdonto.

Crisis

Assupremeruleroveranorganisationwhichforthelast 2,000yearshashelpedtomould ourcivilisation,PiusXII.realisesthattheChurchcannotaffordtolosetheinitiative;in spiritualwarfare,asinmechan isedwarfare,defensiveaction neverwinsafight.Awareof thetaskahead,Piuslastyear toldagroupofAmericaincongressmenwhohadcometothe Vaticantopaytheirrespects: "Thepeoplemustbegivena firmlygroundedsenseofsecurity forthepresentandthefuture securityintheirsocialandculturallife,securityintheirpoliticalandeconomiclife,security intheirreligiouslife.Without this,reconstructionwillnotgo beyondbuildingnewhomesand prisons."

GwelupNotes

Afterstillanotherhold-upin thework,wehaveatlastbeen abletogetonwiththefinal stagesofourextensionsandimprovementstotheGwelupSchool. Thecontractors(BerryBrothers) aredoingeverythingpossibleto ensurethecompletionofthe workfortheopeningceremony byHisGracetheArchbishopon May11,at3p.m.

Thattheseextensionsaregenerallyapprovedisseenbythe waythedonationsarecomingin; andthosewhowouldliketohelp inthisworkareremindedthat eachbrickusedintheworkcosts theparish2s.Therefore,bea realfriendandsubscribeafew bricksfortheopeningday.

WINDFALLS.

Fromtimeimmemorialnovelistshavewovenmanyaromance aroundwindfalls-particularly moneyleftbyalongforgotten relative.Maybeyourrelatives haven'tanymoney,sowhynot haveashotatmakingawindfall foryourself? Buyaticketin theNo.362CharitiesConsultationandhaveashotatthefirst prizeof£3,000-thatwouldbea worthwhilewindfall.

FoodisBetter&CheaperontheIndependent FamilyFarm

(ConcludedfromLastWeek.)

SofarinourstudyofIndependentFarmingasaway-the onlysensibleChristianway-of lifeforAustralianfarmfami lieswenaveconcernedourselves mainlywiththreefactors-the proofthatIndependentFarming isconducivetoeconomicstabilityforthefamily,despitethe opposingcontentionsofmany well-knowneconomists;theindependentfarmasthenatural habitatforthefamilyunit;the essentialneedtosettlemigrants onthelandiftheyaretoplay anyrealpartinbuildingAustralia'spopulation;andastudy oftherealmeaningoftheterm IndependentFarming.

Nowitisproposedtotakethe variousitemsinthefarmfamily'sbudgetandtoshowhow muchmoresatisfactorilythey canbehandled,fromthepoint ofviewofbothcostandquality, ontheIndependentFamilyFarm.

Thefirstitemisthequestionof food-theproductionofwhichis, afterall,theprimarypurposeof farming.

Infixingadietstandard,itis importantthatconsiderationsof sentimentshouldbe excluded.

Thehumanbeingcanberegardedbythemanwhohasnode sireotherthantogetafactual statementofcosts,assimplya physicalmachinewhichneedsa certainamountofvarietyof foodstobekeptinrunningorder.

Thefarmerwillunderstand thisbetterthanthecityman.

Thefarmerknowsthatthereis acertainkindofdietfordairy cattle,ifhiscowsaretogive himthegreatestoutputofmilk.

Therearecertainkindsofdiet forallanimalsiftheyaretoretaintheirenergyandservean economicpurpose.Nohigher standardismaintainedforthe humanmachineinlistingthefollowingarticlesofdiet.

Thereisnomoredetailedstudy ofwhatconstitutesadecent, economic,moderatestandardo living,forafamilycomposedof man,wifeandfourchildren,than thatwhichisbasedonthefigures oftheCommonwealthStatistician usedinformulatingthecostof livingindex,onwhichthebasic wageistabulated

TheCommonwealthStatisticianinhisfiguresconcernshimselfwithman,wifeandthree childrenoftheagesof36years, 7years,and108years.Infixing theitemsofdietforafarmfamilyvAthfourchildren,aboyof 146yearshasbeenadded,but beyondworkingoutthefood whichheconsumesonexactly thesamelevelasthatallowed bythestatisticianforthethree childrenwithwhomheisconcerned,noalterationhasbeen madetoeithertheaomuntor qualityoffoodsetdowninthe list.

Thelistreadsasfollows (priceswhichareincludedat thesideofeachitemwerethose obtainedbyactualenquiryand purchaseinaVictoriancountry townattheendof1945):

threechildren,isabout17s.a week,oralittleover£42ayear. Thefarmerincalculatingwhat aproperdietforhisfamily shouldconsistof,shouldaddthis sumforanynumberof'children hehasabovefour. Thusthecostoffoodforafamilywithfivechildrenwouldbe roughly£290peryear,andfor sixchildren£330ayearAgain itmaybeobjectedherethatthe actualcostsoflivingdoesnot risesomuch.Butagainit mayberepliedthattherisein thecostoflivingisrestricted notsomuchbyspecialcompet enceinthehousewife,asbythe factthatveryoftenthemoney, isnotthere.

ThusthereportoftheNutritionCemmitteeoftheNational HealthandMedicalCounqil,alreadyquoted,maintains: "Examinationofhouseholds containingnumbersofchildren fromthree'tosixshowedthat, therewasaclearcuttendencyforthedietarylevelto fallinproportiontotherisein thenumberofchildreninthe household.Thoughsome,by goodmanagement,orbecauseof favourablecircumstances,did attainahighdietarylevel,the greatmajorityofthelargefamiliesoffour,fiveandsixchildren havealowerpercapitaintake ofallnutrientsthansmallfamiliesoftwoorthreechildren."

Groupswhicharestudyingthis programmeshouldremember thatatthisstageweareinvestigatingthetruthoftheideaof IndependentFarmingfromthe businessviewpointonly.Itis worthwhilerepeatingatthis stagethebasisofthispartof theexamination-abusiness existstomakeaprofit.Profit istheexcessofincomeoverexpenditure.Thesurestsourceof profitiseconomyinexpenditure, forinthisliterallyeverypound savedisapoundgained.

areaswhichareonlymoderatelysituatedfromthispointof viewnothingcanbedone.This interpretationistoooftentakes readily.Intheearlydaysofthe N.C.R.M.itwassaidthatIndependentFanningwasimpossible andimpracticableanywhere.Todaythatoppositionhaschangedinemphasis.Itisworded morecautiously.Itsaysthat IndependentFarmingisnodoubt possibleincertainfavoured areas,butthatinotherstheonly possibletypeofagricultureis thetraditionaloneortwocrop systemofproduction'oracommercialmarket.

Hereisarealcaseforacarefulexaminationofconscienceby thefarmersinanydistrict.Outsidethemostextrememarginal areas,somedegreeofproduction forhomeuseispossiblepracticallyanywhere.Independent Farmingisnotavegetable growingproject.Justbecause itisimpossibletoproduceafull andcertainsupplyofvegetables insomeareas,Independent Farmingpracticesareheldto beimpossible.ButIndependent Farmingisamatterof"How much"?Thecompleteindependentfarmermaybeveryrare, buttherearealreadymanymei ontheroad.Ifvegetablesare impossible,thenanorchardmay notbe.Theproductionofawide varietyofmeatsforthefamily tablemaynotbe-thusovercom ingoneoftheclassicscandals ofAustralianruralliving.Itis allamatterofdegreeandthere isprobablynofarmerwhocould notbealittlemoreselfcontainedasfarasproductiongoes thanhealreadyis

RUSSIANSPURGEGERMAN

CATHOLICYOUTHLEADERS.

Vanilla Pepper Bakingpowder, Custardpowder

Itwillbenoticedthatthecost offoodaloneforafamilywith fourchildrenis£413s7dweekly.Ofcourse,itwillbesaid thatsuchacostisnotincurred bymanycityandmanycountry families.

Ifthatisso,itisnotsomuch asignofspecialabilityinthe housewifeasofthefactthat moneyisshortsomewhere,becausethedietwhichiscontainedinthearticlelistedaboveis anecessarydiet,withoutluxuries,andthelistitselfcontains economiesonwhatisdesirable whichhavebeenplannedbya competentandcarefulhousewife, whoseitemshavebeen byothersindifferentcircumstances.

Inroundfigures,therefore,it canbestatedthatifafamily containingman,wifeandfour childrenaretobefedproperly, andthefoodhasalltobebought, theroundcostisabout£415s. aweek,or,roughly,£250 year.Itwillbenoticedthata coupleofshillingsaweekareallowedoverandabovethefigure of£413s'Td,andwhilethisallowanceismadesothatthe roundfigureof£250canbeset downasaneasierbasisforfurthercalculations,thereislittle doubtthattheextracoupleof shillingscanbespentwithconsiderableadvantagebyfamilies.

SubstantialCostofFamily Food.

Thefigurereachedforman, wifeandthreechildrenwas£3 18saweekonthesamebasis, sothatthecostoffoodforeach grownchild,inadditiontothose

Insofarasfarmingisabusiness,itisafoodproducingbusiness.Insofarasthefarmisa factory,itisafoodproducing factory.Thefirstandprimary chargeontheincomesofallfamilies,whatevertheydo,wherevertheylive,isthecostoffood, forwithoutfoodlifecannotbe maintained.Henceitisperfectlyobviousthatthefirstandthe mostessentialeconomymustbe soughtinasavinginthecostof food. Howmuchcanbesavedby savinginfood?Obviouslythe amounttobesaveddependson whatproportionofafamily's foodrequirementscanberaised onthefarm.Hereamultitude ofinterlockingfactorscomeinto play.Farmsinfavourableareas withagoodsoil,eitherabountifulrainfallorplentifulwater supplythroughirrigation,anda longgrowingseasonareobviouslyfarbetteroffinthisregard thanfarmsin'marginalareas wheretherainfallisunreliable. Inviewofthedifferenceof soilandclimateconditions,itis impossibletogiveanycutand driedanswertothequestionof whatproportionoffamilyfood canbeproducedonanyindividualfarmorinanyindividual area.Norisanationalaverageofanyvaluesincetheseconditionsdiffersogreatly.But forwhatsuchanaverageis worth,itisaswelltostatethat theAmericanDepartmentofAgricultureholdstheopinionthat, inthereconstructionoffarms,it canbeexpectedthattheaverage farmcanproduceabout80per cent.ofthefamilyfoodsupply.

59Home-GrownFoodstuff Varieties.

Thefactthatthisproportion isnotabsolutewasprovedby MonsignorLiguttiduringhisrecenttourofAustralia.Inthe courseofhislectureonGranger heshowedapictureofthelocal Grangershowinwhichthe homesteadfarmersdemonstrated allthegoodswhichtheyhadproducedontheirsmallholdingsof justafewacres.Thefamily whichwontheprizeforthe yearproducednolessthan59 varietiesoffoodstuffs-surelya sufficientamountandasufficient varietytoshowthatthesmallest farminagoodareaiscapablt ofproducingpracticallyallthe familyfood.

Theemphasisis,ofcourse,on thegoodareaastheplacein whichoneislikelytoobtainthe bestresults.Thisshouldnot betakentomeanthatevenin

Russiansecretpolicehave startedapurgeofCatholic youthleadersintheSovietzone ofGermany.Amongthevictimsareseveralmembersand officialsoftheChristianDemocraticUnon.Thearrestshave beencarriedoutinrestaurants andotherpublicplaceswithout anyreasonbeinggiven.One ChristianDemocraticUnionoffl cial"disappeared"duringavisit toHalle.

Thearrestshavetasenplace chieflyinBerlin,Dresdenand othertownsintheSovietzone InBerlin,ManfredKleni,ofthe university'sstudents'council andan18-year-oldgirlleaderin theCatholicYouthMovement wereseized.

FamineintheSovietUnion

ShortageofTractorsand HorsesBringsDisaster

DestructionofPeasant FarmingRebounds

ByVICTORFRANK.

DiscouragedbyBritain'seconomicdifficultiesandbythegrowingrealisationoftheinadequacy ofherpoliticalandmilitaryresourcesinaworldseethingwith actualorpotentialconflicts,the peopleofthiscountrytendto forgetthatthepast-warcrisisis feltbytheWesternworld'sgreat rival,theSovietUnion,asbadly as,ifnotworsethan,byBritain andotherEuropeancountries. Thereisadangerlestthisnaturalbutone-sidedconcentration onBritain'sownplightshould createadefeatistattitudein Britishpublicopinionatatime whenmomentousproblemsaffectingthewholefutureofEurope havebeentackledatthe MoscowConference.Itisthereforewellworthwhiletotakea closerlookattheeconomicand politicalsituationintheU.S.S.R., asitpresentsitselfinthelast weeksofthissecondpost-war winter;themoresosincethe worldhasheardfarmoreabout thedifficultiesfacingthiscountrythanaboutthedisaster-and "disaster"iscertainlynottoo strongaword-threateningto engulftheSovietUnion.The mainreasonforthisdisproportionistheexcellentworkdone bySovietcensors,thosedoughty iron-curtainoperators,without whoseassistanceMessrs.Molos toyandVyshinskywouldbe largelyunabletoperformtheir threateningwardancesonthe proscenium. The1946droughtisacasein point.Themagnitudeofthe climaticcatastrophewhichovercamethemaingrain-producing areasofEuropeanRussialast summermusthavebeenassessed byMoscowatthelatestbySeptember.But,withtheUnited NationsAssemblysittinginNew York,onlyguardedreferences weremadetoitinNovember (Zhdanov'sspeechonNovember 6).ItwasonlyaftertheAssemblyhadendedthatthefull extentofthedisasterwasrevealed,onJanuary21.Evenso, neitherthepeopleofRussia,npr theworldoutside,haveyetbeen toldoftheconsequencesofthe drought.Itisonlybyinferencethatweareabletoform someideaoftheirgravity.The statementreleasedbytheU.S.S.R.StatePlanningCommission onJanuary21saidineffectthat lastyear'sdroughtaffectedthe wholeoftheUkraineandofthe fertileandover-populated"blacksoil"zoneofSouthernandCen tralRussia,andthatthesizeof thescorchedareaexceededthat of1921andapproachedthatof 1891.

todeliverasetproportionofthe yieldonlyfromthese70acres.It wasfound,however,saidthe CentralCommittee,thatthissystemledthepeasantstoreduce theareasundercultivation.So in1940anewruthlesspolicywas initiated.Fromthatyearonwardandallthroughthewar collectivefarmshadtodeliver totheStateasetproportionof producefromeachacreofarable

sians.Millionsofpeopledied inthatyearintheVolgaValley andintheUkraine,andother millionsweresavedonlythanks tothemagnificentintervention oftworepresentativesofthe "wickedcapitalistworld"-FritjofNansenandHerbertHoover. Imyselfremembertheemaciatedpeasant-womenwhohadflockedtothetownsinsearchof bread,sittinglistlesslyatstreet cornersandholdingintheirarms thebluish-greenbodiesoftheir dyingbabies.Itis,therefore, verycoldcomforttothepeople iftheGovernmentassertsto themthat,"owingtotheSocialist systemofagriculture,"the1946 harvestexceededthatof1921; themoresosinceinthenext paragraphitadmitsthat,despiteagreatincreaseinthe morefortunatepartsofthecountry,thegrossharvestwas"considerablybelowthatof1945," which,beingthefirstpost-war harvest,musthavebeenvery scantyindeed. Therecanbenodoubtthat peopleinthedrought-stricken areasmustbesufferingareal faminenow,althoughofficially Governmentspokesmenstilldeny it(cf.Andreev'sspeech,released onMarch7).Noamountofrequisitioninginoccupiedand satelliteterritories-manyof them,likeRumaniaandYugoslavia,havefelttheimpactof thedroughtasseverelyasthe SovietUnionitself-canhave mitigatedthisfaminetoanyappreciableextent.Neithercan

Despitethe"ironcurtain"censorship,Zhdanovletthecatout ofthebagabouttheUkraine famineinNovember,1946. landheldbythem,irrespective ofwhetherthewholeoronlya partofitwasactuallyunder ploughorusedaspasture.The CentralCommitteesaysthatthe 1940policy"hasfullyjustified itself,"asnodoubtithasfrom thepointofviewoftheGovernment.Astothefarms,sufferingbadlyfromshortageoflabour,machineryandhorses(see below),theiropinionofthispolicyislikelytohavebeenquite different.

Whatishighlyintriguingin thiscontextisthepassagefollowingthegeneralperoration:

"theenemiesofthecollective farmregime"havebeendetected. FromthewordingofAndreev's speechitwouldappearthatthere hadbeenadebateinsidetheCentralCommitteeitselfonthesubject.Ifso,itwouldbethefirst exampleofadefectioninsidethe Partyapparatusaftersomething liketenyearsof"monolithic unity,"aunitycreatedlargely bytheanimalfearofStalin's longwhip.

Khrushchev'spartialeclipse doesnotseemtohaveadirect connectionwiththeclashinside theCentralCommittee.Itis, however,anotherstrikingindicationofthecriticalsituation insidetheUkraine,alwaysthe mostsensitivespotintheunwieldybodyoftheU.S.S.R. Khrushchev,himselfanold memberofthePolitbureau,and since1941virtualdictatorofthe Ukraine,hasnowbeenremoved fromthekeypostoftheFirst SecretaryoftheUkrainianCentralPartyCommittee,thoughfor thetimebeingheretainsthe purelyexecutivepostofthe UkrainianPrimeMinister.His successorisanotherPolitbureau man,LazarKaganovich,aKremlinjack-of-all-trades,amanrenownedforhisruthlessenergy, courageandadministrativecapacity.IthasbecomeastandingtraditioninMoscowtosend Kaganovichtostepintobreaches wherevertheyoccur.Hehas beensuccessivelyinchargeof ironandsteel,coal,railways (duringthewar)andlatelyof buildingmaterials.Itisnotless symptomaticthatheisaccompaniedinhismovetoKievbya secondMoscowman,Patolihev, oneofStalin'sjuniorcolleagues intheSecretariat,whohasbeen putinexclusivechargeof Ukrainianagricultureandagriculturedeliveries.Itisquite possiblethatMoscownolonger believesthatKhrushchevandhis Ukrainiansubordinates,alltoo susceptibletolocalinfluences, areableandwillingtoenforce deliverycalculatedonatheoreticalbasisonstarvingpeasants.

RevealingstatementsbySovietleadersdisclose afoodsituationasbad,ifnotworse,inRussiaas inBritainandEurope.Politicalcapitalwillbe madeoutofthisdisasterandtheRussianpeople willsufferfortheircriminalleaders.

theKremlinaffordtoletthepeasantsholdthemeagrereserves thattheymaystillpossess.The growingtownpopulationmustbe fed.Inthisrespect,thesituationof1891and1921wasless dangerous,becausetheproportionoftheurbanpopulationwas muchsmallerthenthanitisnow. DrasticmeasureshavebeentakenbytheSovietGovernmentto conservefood:theabolitionof rationing,sorashlypromisedby StalininFebruary,hasbeenin definitelypostponed.Pricesfor rationedgoodshavebeenconsiderablyincreased.Butthereis stillalong,longtimetillthe nextharvestcomesin.

Peopleinthiscountrywho sincetherepealoftheCornLaws justoverahundredyearsago, havebeenusedtothinkinterms ,,findustrialexportsandfoodim. ,ortation,havepeculiarpsychologicaldifficultiesinappraising 'heimplicationsofaharvestfail..teinapredominantlyagriculturalcountry.Buttranslated intonauticaltermsmorefamiliartoEnglishmen,thedry statementquotedaboveisequivalenttoanannouncementthatover ahalfofallfood-carryingships failedtoarriveinBritishharbours.Astothedates,1921and 1891,citedbytheStatePlanning Commission,theymusthavehad theeffectofanawfulwarning onallRussianreaders;1891was theyearofthemostterrible famineinthesecondhalfofthe nineteenthcentury-ayear,by theway,whichshookRussian societyoutofthelethargyinto whichitseemedtohavesunliIn the'eighties,andwhichmarked thebeginningofanewpolitical era,culminatingultimatelyinthe 1905revolution.Ninteeenhundredandtwenty-oneisstillfresh inthememoriesofalladultRus-

Theproblemfacingtherulers ofthecountrynowisthegrim alternative-notunusualinthe SovietUnion'shistory-whether tocontinueto"skin"thestarvingpeasantssoastoensurea minimumlevelofnutritionto industrialworkers,orwhetherto letthepeasantsgettotheirfeet againandtolettheworkersgo hungry.Thisalternativeseems tohave'producedsomethinglike ariftintheparty.Suchat leastistheinferencelikelyto bemadefromapassageinavoluminousspeechbyAndreevand inaCentralCommitteeresolutiononagriculturalmatterspublishedinMoscowonFebruary 28andonMarch7,respectively.

Thesplitwascausedtechnically bythequestionoftheso-called "zagatoyki,"thatis,compulsory deliveriesofproduceat.abnormallylowprices,enforcedonthe collectivefarmsandindividual peasantsbytheState.Before 1940,thequantityofproduceto bedeliveredbythe"kolkhozes" usedtobeassessedonthebasis ofthesizeoflandactuallycultivatedbythem. A"kolkhoz" holdingintenure100acres,but cultivatingonly70ofthem,had

"Onlyenemiesofthe'kolkhoz' system,whodonotunderstand theprogressiveimportanceofthe 1940law,andwhoforgettheterribledamagecausedbythewar tothecommunalfarmingsystem ofthe`kolkhozes,'candragthe partyback-backtoapolicyof deliveriesdiscardedin1940since itcounteractedtheinterestsof ouragriculture."

Andreev,whospokeatthe plenarymeetingoftheCentral Committee,inmovingtheresolution,hintedthattherehadbeena debateonthequestion,andthat thefinalwordingoftheclause representedacompromisesuggestedbyStalinhimself.The compromisesolutionconsistedin, theintroductionofamoreflexiblemethodoffixingthedeliveryquotas,bywhichcollective farmsholdinglargeareasand unabletocultivatethemowing toshortageofmanpower,may havetheirquotasreducedforthe timebeing.Farmswhodonot sufferfromthisshortage,onthe otherhand,areexpectedtodelivermore.

Theimmediateproblemofextractinggrainfromthepeasants andfeedingthetownsis,however,onlypartofthefarming crisisintheU.S.S.R.ThevoluminousresolutionoftheCentralCommitteereferredtoabove isanambitiousprogrammeaim-

ingatremedyingthepost-war deficienciesofSovietagriculture. Itdealsinthemainwithlongtermproblems,butalsopre- scribesaspateofmeasurestoensureanorganisedspringsowing andharvestingthisyear.What emergesfromthisresolution, fromAndreev'sspeechexplaining theresolutionandtheSoviet Presscomment,isthatthemain problemfacingSovietfarmingis thedesperateshortageofmachineryanddraught-animals,andto alesserextentthatofskilledlabour.Thelatterdifficultyislikelytobepartlyremoved,as demobilisationisproceeding, thoughtheterriblelossesinlives canbemadegoodonlyvery slowly.Theothertwoshortagesaremorecritical.Thevery existenceandtheproductivityof the"kolhozes,"which,ineffect, areState-owned"latifundia,"cultivatedbythepeasants,depends largelyontheavailabilityofa sufficientnumberofmachinestractorsandtractor-drawnimplements.Themachinesareessentialnotonlyforpurelytechnicalreasons,butalsoasasubstitute eredforhorseslargelyslaughtbythepeasantsduringthe firstyearsofforciblecollectiyi. sation:thebreedingofhorsesis anotoriouslyslowprocess.

Thewarcompletelystopped theproductionandbadlydisruptedthemaintenanceofagriculturalmachinery.Forfouryears practicallynonewtractorsreachedtheMachine-and-TractorStations,thenervecentresofSoviet agriculture.Worststill,the callupofexperiencedmechanics anddriverslefttheoldstockof machinesatthemercyofuntrainedwomenandboys.Thefull impactofthisprocessbecame manifestin1944and1945,when theoldmachineshadbeencompletelywornout.True,bythat time,theprocessofindustrialreconversionhadalreadystarred. Fatewilled,however,thatthe twokeydepartments-Ministries ofAgriculturalMachineBuilding andofTransportMachineBuilding-provedtobethetwoindustrialdepartmentswhichworked worstinthewholeSovietindustry.Despiteconsistentcriticism ofthetwoMinistriesthroughout 1946,despitereplacementsof Ministersdespite"Socialistcompetitions"andStakhanovite drives,despitetheconstruction oftwonewlargetractorplants, theyfaileddismallyintheattempttocopewiththeproduction plansin1946.Whatwasstill worse,thequalityofthemachinestheydidproducewasso poorthatmanyofthembroke downafterthefirstfewtrips tothefields. TheCentralCommitteeconcentrateditsmainattentiononthis untenablesituation,anddrewup anumberofurgentmeasuresto increaseandimprovethesupplies

(ContinuedonPage11.)

Allthislookslikeamajor politicalcrisisintheoffing.The problemcausingitisastanding featureinSoviethistory,andis liabletocallforthdifferencesof opinionalongcertainfixedlines ofdivision.AsallChurchhistorianswillknow,heresieshave adisconcertinghabitofgoing undergroundafterhavingbeen seeminglyexterminatedphysically,onlytore-emergeatalater dateundernewdisguises.The tendencyofleniencytowards peasants,sosharplycondemned bytheCentralCommittee,isin effectare-emergenceoftheold "rightdeviation"exterminated inthe'thirtiesinthepersonsof Bukharin,RykovandTomsky. Wedonotknowhowhighup Tel.MU149.

PERTH,WEDNESDAY.APRIL30,IQ47.

RetreatsforLaity

Oneofthechiefpleasuresineachgenerationhas consistedintheinclinationandabilitytodeplorethedecadenceofone'sage.Butithasprovedasingularlyunsatisfyingpleasurebyreasonoftheessentialfacilitywhich fallenmanhasinheritedofdetectingthetaintoftheFall inhisfellow-men.Ithasnotpostulatedanypiercingintuitionandstilllessanydeeplyanalyticalqualityof mind.Fewhavebeenable,withanyaccuracy.topress pastsuperficialeffectstoseizeuponeffectivecauses,.In ourowndaythishaspotentapplicationtothequestionof socialreform.Inabroadliberalanalysis,however,thb solutionwhichtheProphetJeremiasreachedlongcenturiesago,liesstillattherootofmostofourmostpressingmoderndifficulties."Withdesolationisthewhole worldmadedesolate,becausenomanconsiderethinhis heart."Nowitisespeciallytoourpurposetoweigh Catholicdifficulties,andinthisregard,themoderndistasteforseriousthoughtimpelsustoexaminetheincreasinglyacceptablesolutionoftheenclosedRetreat.

InsofarasaRetreatconsistsinaseriesofdays spentinsilenceandmeditation,itisasoldasChristianity, andChrist'sownfastinthesolitudeoutsideJerichohas foundmanyimitatorsinallagesoftheChurch'shistory. Fromthisimitationspranguptheeremiticallife.Butto St.IgnatiusLoyolawasspeciallyreservedtherestoration ofthepracticeofRetreatsastheyareknownintheir modernsignificance.inhis"SpiritualExercises,"the Saintcombinesmethodsofreformingone'slifeandseekingthewillofGodchieflythroughtheelectionofastate oflifeandbyattachmenttothePersonofChrist.This wasachievedbyaplannedseriesofmeditationswhichput forththeChristiantruths-atfirsttheeradicationofsin andthenthepositivestructureoftheChristianlife-with strikingcogencyandforce.Inhisoriginalconceptionof theRetreat,itwasintendedtobemadebytheindividual alone,andonlyonceinalifetime.Buttheveryshiftinessofmodernlifecommendsverystronglythepractice ofannualRetreatsandthereisdefinitevalueaboutthe communalpractice.

4

TheenclosedRetreat,madeannually,aimstoremedythetworadicaldifficultieswhichbesetthespiritual lifeofeverybody.Indifferentism,whichisthearchenemyofreligion,arisesoutoftheseobstacle,ifthey benotpromptlyandregularlysetinorder.Firstly,amid thecomplexityofmodernconditions,oneisapteasilyto losesightofone'sgoalor,anyhow,togettheperspective warped.Thisisespeciallytruewheretherightthingis rotincidentallytheeasyandpleasantthing.Constantly onehastobemadeconsciousthattherationalmanhasa definiteandsublimedestinytoworkout,irrespectiveof feelingsoremotionalrevolt.And,secondly,oncethis importantmatterofmotiveha:;beenputbeforetheintellectandabsorbed,thewillhasthentorenewitsdriving force.Itistheexecutiveofthemind.Butaccording asintellectualreasonsaredimmedorsupernaturalmotives compromised,sothewilltendstogrowflabbyandfickle. Inboththesematters,theenclosedRetreatisthesupremelyeffective,ifnotthesole,remedy.ThroughtheconicrencesandmeditationstheChristianmindrefurbishes itsgoal,motivesandperspective,andbyprayerandthe Sacramentsthewillisoncemorefortifiedtocarryonfor c.notheryear.

ANTI-CLERICALISMDE-

NOUNCEDBYBELGIAN PRIMATE.

Asternwarningagainstthe increasedspreadofanti-clericalismthroughoutBelgiumhas beenvoicedbyHisEminence CardinalVanRoey,Archbishop ofMatinee.

TheCardinalmadeitclear thattheanti-clericalfeelingnow prevailsinmanysectionsofthe nation,andemphasisedthedangerofitsspreadingunlessthe clergyandfaithfulfindaremedytocopewiththethreatening evil.

TheCardinal'swarningechoedadmonitionsutteredbyHis HolinessPopePiusXII.,itwas pointedoutbythe"Gazetvan Antwerpen,"Catholicpaper. "Neverweretheattacksof theRedpresssohatefulasnow," the"Gazet"observes."Toomany Catholicswitnessallthiswith toomuchindifference,anddonot takeintoaccountthegravityof thetimes.Ifinoursoreligious countryhatredandmeasures againstreligionhavesoextended,itisbecausetoomanyCatholicskeepawayfromactive fightingmovementsandimagine theydotheirdutybykeeping

ForLOTTERYTICKETS

TOBACCOSANDFANCYGOODS, TryGERALDDOOGUE

19BARRACKSTREET,PERTH(Opp.Treasury). (LateStanO'Grady.)

÷INMEMORIAM014

OnService.

BAMBREY,John.-Inloving memoryofourdearson,John, andhispal,BertPrior,who paidthesupremesacrificein NewGuineaonApril26,1944. RememberedbyhisDad,Mum, brothersandsisters,Ned,Emily, Kit,Cecelia.

BOGUE.-Treasuredmemories ofmydarlingsister,Molly, whodepartedthislifeonMay 1,1940. FoldherinThyarms,dear Father,andletherhenceforthbeamessengeror lovebetweenourheartsand Thine.

Alwayslovinglyremembered byMonnie.

McMANUS.-Infondmemoryof MargaretEllen(Marie),who passedawayonMay3,1946. Foldher,0Father,inThine arms,andletherhenceforth beamessengeroflovebetweenourhumanheartsand Thee. -Insertedbyhersorrowing husbandandfamily.

WANTED.

WantedforNorthamPresby tery,amiddle-agedCatholicmarriedcouple.Thewomantoact ashousekeeperatthePresbytery,themantobecaretakerof theChurch,Hallandgrounds. Goodaccommodation.Forfurtherdetails,applytotheParish Priest,CatholicPresbytery,Northam.

SOUTHPERTHPROCESSION

FIRSTSUNDAYINMAY.

TheparishionersofSouth Pertharedeeplyconsciousof theirprivilegetoholdaMay ProcessioninhonourofOur Lady.Inaveryspecialway OuaLadysmilesuponherchildrenintheWestduringthe monthofMay.Allthegreat thingsdoneforherDivineSon werebeguninMay.

LastyearattheCentenary celebrationswesangourgladsomeTeDeumforallthose gifts. ofpublic thankstoMary,Queenofthe May,isofferedatSouthPerth, andweshallbehappyindeed towelcomeoneandalltocome overandjoinwiththeparish. ionersinmakingit.

Theoccasionalsermonwillbe preachedbytheRev.FatherR. J.O'ReillyinSt.Columba's Church,Forrest-street,at3p.m. TheprocessionwillleaveimmediatelyfortheConventgrounds fortheopen-airBenediction,returningbythesamerouteto theChurch.

TheAquinasCadetswillform theguardofhonour.Twenty boysandgirlswillstrewthe flowersontheway.TheHoly Namemenwillwalkinfrontof thecanopy.Theparishsodality oftheChildrenofMaryinvite thevisitingChildrenofMaryto teathatafternoon. Makeanappontmentwith MaryonthefirstSundayin May,andgladdenherheartby walkinginherhonour,singing herhymns,andsayingherbeads.

N.C.G.M.

CATHEDRALBRANCH.

GeneralMeetings.

Asaresultofchoirpractice beingalteredtoeachSunday nightafterDevotions,allfuture generalmeetingswillbeheldon alternateTuesdaysat8.15p.m., atSt.Patrick'sBoys'School. Thenextmeetingwillbeon May13. BasketBall.

Thethreeteamshavebeen selected,andpracticewillcommenceonSaturday,May3,at2 p.m.Allregisteredplayersare expectedtoattendthispractice andreservesarerequestedto comealongaswell.

OUARANTORE

MAY.

Sunday. 1st.-MT.BARKER:OneDayof Exposition. 2nd.-MANJIMUP:OneDayof Exposition. 3rd-OSBORNEPARKOne DayofExposition. 4th.-CLAREMONT:Forty Hours'Prayer(23rd.-25th.).

Archbishop'sEngagements

May4,7.30p.m.: ConfirmationandCanonical Visitation,atBelmont.

May11,11a.m.: PresideatSolemnMassin St.Mary'sCathedral,onthe occasionoftheopeningofLegionofMaryCongress. 1.30p.m.:AttendConference ofSpiritualDirectorsinConferenceRoom,VictoriaSquare. 3.30p.m.:Blessextensionto St.Teresa'sSchool,Gwelup.

May15,7.30p.m.: Confirmationofchildrenat ReligiousHolidaySchool,Pinjarra.

May18-Merredin: 10a.m.:OpennewChurchat Burracoppin.

7.30p.m.:Confirmationand CanonicalVisitation,atSt. Joseph'sChurch,Merredin.

May23,9.30a.m.: PresideatSolemnRequiem MassforlateArchbishop Clune.

May25(Pentecost): St.Mary'sCathedral-11a.m.: CelebratePontificalMass. 3p.m.:Confirmationofadults.

H.AC.B.S.

MetropolitanSocialCouncil. Bro.PagepresidedatthemeetingheldinthenewGrandSecretary'sofficeonFriday,April 18.DelegatesfromtheDistrict Board.Subiaco,Maylands,St. Patrick's,EastVictoraPark, Leederville,andVictoriaPark attended.

Areportwasrenderedtothe presidentthatthesecretaryand Bro.Finnegan,junr.,hadattendedameetingoftheBadminton Association,withtheideaof furtheringenquiriesmadelast yearreenteringabadminton teamintheAssociation.After discussionamongdelegates,it wasdecidedtoenterateamin theAssociationAcombined meetingwillbeheldshortly,and allbadmintonplayersareasked toattend.

Aninvitationwasextendedby theDistrictBoardtotwocourt cilmemberstoattendasocialin honouroftheretiringGrandSecretary,Bro.Edwards,onApril 22.ThePresidentandSecretarywereelectedtoattend.An invitationwasalsoextendedto allmembersofthecounciltoattendasocial,tobeheldatSt. Joachim's,VictoriaPark,on May1. Delegateswereremindedto informbranchesandmembersof theforthcomingsocialtobeheld inhonourofBro.W.Brown, P.G.P.,atSt.Joseph'sHall,Subiaco,onThursday,May8.All membersareaskedtoattendand' areassuredofagoodnight.

Asthiswasthefirstmeeting tobeheldinApril,nominations ofofficersfortheensuingtwelve monthswerecalledfor.Nominationsreceivedwere:President, Bro.A.Page;secretary,Sr.J. Jacques;1st.vice-president,Bro. J.Finnegan;2nd.vice-president, Bro.HClear;treasurer,Bro.V. Medley;assistantsecretary,Sr. Clarke.Othernomineesfor assistantsecretarywereBros. WhitelyandMcCarthy;Sr. Clarkeelectedasnomineeby secretballot.Electionofofficerswilltakeplaceatthenext councilmeetingonMay2.

Appreciationwasexpressedby thepresidentfortheservices renderedbythepastofficers, andavoteofthankswasmoved. Pastofficerswere:President, Bro.Page;secretary,Sr.Jacques;1st.vice-president,Sr.W. Daly;2nd.vice-president,Bro.K. Sheridan;treasurer,Sr W. Webb:.asistantsecretary,Sr.I Boylson.

Itwasdecidedtoorganisea concertpartytotaketoCastledaretoentertaintheboysinthe nearfuture.Branchesareaskedtonotifythecouncilsecretaryiftheycanobtaintwoor more(orless)artistsfrom eithertheirbranchorfromthe pariSh.

May27,7.30p.m.: ConfirmationandCanonical Visitation,atBoulder.

May28: ReceivedebutantesatKalgoor. lieCatholicBall.

May30,10am.: PresideatQuarterlyConferenceofPriests,atVictoria Square.

June1-ShentonPark: 11a.m.:ConfirmationandCa. onicalVisitation. 7.30p.m.:Confirmationand CanonicalVisitation,atTictoriaPark.

June8: 9a.m.:ConfirmationandCanonicalVisitation,atBedford Park.

2.30p.m.:Confirmationand CanonicalVisitation,atBayswater.

7.30p.m.:Presideandgive PontificalBenedictionatclose ofFortyHours,inSt.Mary's Cathedral.

June11: AttendannualmeetingofCatholicWomen'sLeague,at Nestle'sHouse.

Theinter.branchcompetitions oftabletennis,quoits,andbadmintonarebeingkeenlycontestedandthoroughlyenjoyedbyall.Thecouncilwishto thankbranchesfortheircooperationsoearlyintheseason, andhopethatthegoodworkwill continue.

Delegatesareremindedthat thefuturecouncilmeetingswill beheldintheGrandSecretary's office,7th.floor,C.M.S.Buildings,St.George'sTerrace,onthe firstandthirdFridaysofeach. month.Ifadelegatecannotattendameetinghe(orshe) shouldsendanapology(letter preferred).Thenextmeeting willbeheldonMay2. St.Mary'sBranch,Leederville. Atthemeetingon23rd.inst., Mr.E.Maherwahnominatedfor membership.Acordialwelcome wasextendedtomembersofSt. Kevin'sbranch,whowerepre sentforthepurposeofplaying abadmintonmatchagainstSt. Mary'sNo.1team.Members wereurgedtoattendthecomplimentarysocialtobetenderedto Bro.W.A.Brown,inSt.Joseph'sHall,Subiaco,onMay8. Reportsweremadeonseveral aspectsofthetennisclub.The annualtournamentiswellonthe waytoconclusion.Thewinners ofthesinglesevents,Bro.G. Edwards(championshipsingles), Sr.CarmelKeating(ladies'singles),andBro.R.Raynor("B" Grademen'ssingles),were heartilycongratulated.Last Sunday'sfinalsprovidedsome veryfinetennis.Afterthe meetingthebadmintonmatch wasplayedandresultedinawin forSt.Mary'sNo.1.

ASCENSIONTHURSDAY, MAY15th.

HOLIDAYOFOBLIGATION.

MassesinSt.Mary'sCathe-dral:6,7,8.15,9,10a.m.,and 12.10p.m.

MANDURAHMASSTIME TABLE.

Sunday,May4:9.30a.m.

Sunday,May18:9.30am.

CHINA,GLASSandPLATED WAREIMPORTERS.

OtleyPlace,offMurraySt. (rearSavoyHotel) Convents,Colleges,Institutions -IndSchoolsSpeciallyCateredfor PriceListsandCatalogueon Application. PhoneB9651.

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LateofJOHNDYNON

iscriminations

AdultEducationBoard

CHAMBERMUSIC?

(ByK.F.W.)

OnSaturdaynight,intheWinthropHall,theAdultEducation Boardpresentedaneveningof chambermusic,theinstrumentalistsbeingVaughanHanly,Otti Veit,andStephenDornan.

"Evening"wasthewordused ontheprogramme,asitoftenis whenpresentingchambermusic. Thewordassiststhefeelingof intimacybetweenperformersand audience,whichallsuchmusic shouldcreate.Becausethe "evening"becamearecital,the audiencewastreatedtoaviolinist,a'cellist,andapianist,all playingatthesametime-hardlyabreedinggroundforintimaterelationship.

Thereweretwofactorswhich causedthisregrettablestateof affairs.Firstly,WinthropHall

Duetounforeseencircumstances,otherreviewswhichwould normallyhaveappearedthis weekhavehadtobeheldover untilthenextissueof"TheRecord."

couldneverbeconsideredan idealhallforchambermusic, andwhoeverpersuadedtheAdult EducationBoardtoeducatethe publictochambermusicinsuch surroundingsshouldbeharshly chastised.Thelargestage,the regularlyarrangedhardseats, andtheformidableunrelieved wallsoozeaformalitywhich evenMr.Hanly'sbreezyannotationscouldnotdisperse.The massiveimpressivenessofthe hallissufficientreasontocondemnitforthistypeofmusic.

Thesecondunderminingfactor wasthepiano.Aninstrument thesizeoftheUniversityBechstein,withitsenormouslid raisedtofullheight,ishardlya tolerantmemberinafamilyof three.Ithadsomanymoments ofblatantintoleranceonSaturdaynight,thatthefamilycircle wasanythingbutharmonious.In chambermusicthepianoisas muchpartofthegeneralscheme astheotherinstruments;itis notamereaccompaniment.Nor isitasoloinstrumentprovided withdelicateobligatosbythe otherplayers.Bothideasare equallyerroneous.Yetinthe BrahmsCMajortriowehad suchstrengthandvirilityinthe pianothattheimportanceofthe violinand'celloseemednegligible.

Brahmsrarelygavehispiano aminorpartinanyensemble. Hewasanaccomplishedpianist himself,andknewhowtowrite forthepianowithmaximumeffect.Yet,despitehisheavily writtenpianoparts,theremust begiveandtakeinanyensemble.Theviolinand'celloparts arefarfrommeaningless,and shouldnotbeswampedbyoverenthusiasmonthepiano.Over-

enthusiasmitwasonSaturday night,ablyassistedbyatremendousinstrument. Itwasindeedapity,asall threemusiciansareoutstanding, andhaveshownfineartistryin theirprevious appearances. Throughconcentratingonhearingthe'celloandonobliterating someofthepiano,wemissed muchofthebeautyinMr.Hanly'sperformance.Inthelighter passageshisfluencyanddelicacyinphrasingwereapleasure. Asalways,IadmiredthemusicianshipevidentinMr.Dornan'splaying.Although 1 stronglydisapproveofhisensembleplayingintheBrahms, hisfinetonalqualityandhisartistryininterpretatingamelodiclineshowrealcommandof hisinstrument.The'cellist,despitemyeveryeffort,wasrarelyaudible.

TheSchubertBFlatMajor triowasdifferentmeat.Ihope tobepardonedforrepeatingan oft-quotedremarkthatSchubert couldnotwritesuccessfullyin thelargermusicalforms.Iwill, ofcourse,pardonthosewhodisagreewiththestatement,becausethereareexceptionstobe foundinhisworks.What Schubertwouldhavemastered hadhelivedbeyondthirty-oneis mereconjecture;butheleft enoughmajorworksofimportancetoconvinceusthatmore successfulsonatas,chamber music,andsymphonieswould haveappearedinourmusical catalogues.Aswithmostyoung composersthereisoftenevident

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JOHANNESBRAHMS, alackofthatcraftsmanship whichcanmouldaninspired themeintothemorecomplicateddesignofamajorwork.There isamonotonycausedbyoverrepetitionofmelodyandrhythm. Despitethisacademicapproach, Schubertisalwaysgoodfun.One cantolerateafewdullmoments toexperiencethedelightofadelicatemelody. Inthistriothepianohasless scopeforvirileplaying,andwe weretreatedtosomebeautiful work.IntheAndantewehad themostdelightfullybalanced workoftheevening.Every noteofthe'cellowasaudible, andwecouldsitbackcomfortablyandrevelintheperfect ensembleplaying.TheRondo sentushomeincheerfulmood, toleavetheunfortunateBrahms atopicfordiscussionbythe pedants. Mylastingmemoryofthe concertwillbeagroupofRichardStrauss'songsbyLornaMcKean.Herewasmusicianship ofahighorder,bothintechniqueandinterpretation.Thespell ofsheerdelightshecastover theaudiencewasreflectedinthe fewseconds'silencepreceding eachburstofapplause.Stephen Donan'saccompanimentswere splendid.

Another"Eagle"

ST.LOUISOLDBOYGIVES "LOW-DOWN"ONSEMINARY LIFE.

Afurthercopyof"TheEagle" hasfilteredthroughtothisoffice. TheissueisdatedApril16,and Igiveprideofplacetothefollowingextractofaletterfrom JoeRussell,anOldBoyofSt. Louis,whoisnowstudyingfor thePriesthoodatSt.Patrick's College,Manly.Joewrites: "IfyouhavedoneyourLeavingyourcoursewilltakesixor sevenyears-inAustraliaseven.

Inthatbriefperiodyoudothree yearsofwhatisknownasPhilosophy-Icanonlyleaveitto yourselvestofindoutwhatPhilosophyisallabout,butdon'tbe scaredofthename.Along wthit(asasortofrecreation) youdovariouslanguages-in Australia,Latin,Greek,Italian andperhapsHebrew.Butall thisisreallytoprepareyoufor thefourensuingyearsofTheology.Ifyouwantanideaof whatisdoneinTheologyclasses, allyouneeddoisre-readyour Catechism.FromyourTheologyclassesyoulearnhowtoexplainandprovetheanswersgivenintheCatechism.

"Besidesthisyoustudythe Bible,especallytheGospelsand theEpistles,andlearnhowto explaintheirmeaning.Then thesefouryearsareflavoured withlecturesontheChurch's History,whichisenoughtoconvinceanyonethatitistheOne TrueChurch.Finallyyou delveintoChurchLaw;forthe Churchhaslawsjustasthe Statehas.Thereare1,054 lawsor'canons'astheyarecalled,andyoualreadyknowseven ofthem.Thesearecalledthe 'Principal'commandmentsofthe Church,becausetheyarethe mostimportantonesforusto know.

"Well,thatisthesortofstudy youwilldoifyougotoaSeminary.Ifyoulikecricketyou willgetintoacricketteam;if youlikefootballyouwillgeta corkedleg.Fortherestyou prayafairbit,talkandeata fairbit.MayIconcludewith thethoughtthattopersevere yourmusthavethreebonesin yourmake-up-abreastbone (Heart),abackbone,anda funnybone."

S.I.C.OldBoys'Assn.

Theannualgeneralmeetingof theaboveAssociationwasheld intheCentralCatholicLibrary at8p.m.on23rd.inst.There wereabout40memberspresent. andRev.BrothersEthelredand HilarionatendedfromNewNorcia. Thefollowingoffice-bearers wereelected:President,Mr.K. P.Byrne;vice-presidents,Messrs. L.R.ForbesandS.D.Byrne; secretary,Mr.J.Haynes;trea

surerMr.B.J.Wood;committee,Messrs.G.Geoffs,F.Grogan,W.Gaynor,andM.Flynn. Mr.J.H.O'Halloran,theretiringpresident,readhisreport onlastyear'sactivitiesofthe Association,inwhichhestressed theneedforcloseco-operationof allOldBoystomakethepostwarAssociationstrongerthan ever Mr.L.Jonesgavethemeeting areportonthememorialplaque, whichistobeplacedintheCollegeincommemorationofthose OldBoyswholosttheirlivesin, WorldWarsT.andII. Adesignfortheplaquehasbeen submittedbyFatherEugene,of NewNorcia,assistedbyMr.L. Jones,and constructionareinthehandsof thecommittee. TopromotetheScholarship fund,thefourlifemembersof theAssociationwereappointed trustees.Theobjectofthe fundistoraisesufficientmoney toenablethesonsofOldBoys tocontinuetheirsecondaryeducationattheCollege.Thisis averylaudableproject,andOld Boysareaskedtogivetheir supportsothatitmaybebrought intooperationassoonaspossible. Mr.GeorgeGeoffsoutlinedthe spiritualadvantagestobegained byattendingtheRetreatatthe RedemptoristMonasteryfrom the3rd.to5th.May.TheRetreathasalwaysbeenoneofthe mainannualfunctionsoftheAssociation,andwelookforward thisyeartoseeingarecordnumherinattendance. Inrecognitionofhisservices totheAssociationduringhis termasPresident,Mr.JH. O'Halloranwasmadealife member.Themoverofthemotion,Mr.DougPratt,spokehigh-

lyofhisservices,andhewas warmlysupportedandseconded byMr.R.J.Bryant. Attheconclusionofthemeeting,theRev.BrotherEthelred addressedtheOldBoys,and thankedthemforthesupport theyhadgivenhimduringhis tenureofofficeintheWest.The OldBoys,hesaid,weretheexampletowhichpresentboys looked,andastheywere,sothe presentboyswouldlaterbe.

OnMonday,April28,acommitteemeetingwasheldtodiscussfunctionsforthecoming year.Itwasdecidedtohold there-unionattheCollegeduringthelongweek-endinJune (May31toJune2),andtheannualballonaWednesdayearly inJuly,theexactdatedependingontheavailabilityofasuitableballroom.Thecommittee wereinagreementthatmore functionsshouldbeheldduring theyear,butthenatureofthe functions,otherthanthereunionandtheball,wasnotdecided.IdeasfromOldBoys onthisaspectoftheAssociation'sactivitieswouldbewelcomedbythecommittee.The ideaofholdingafunctioninthe cityinFebruarywhenmanyof theOldBoysfromthecountry areinownwasdiscussed,and thecommitteefeelsthatthis wouldbeagoodopportunityof meetingthenumerouscountry members.

PATRONSAINTOFMOTORCYCLISTS.

OurLadyofGracehasbeen confirmedinaPapalbriefasthe patronessofmotor-cyclists,says B.U.P.Thebrief,inLatin,referstothemotor-cycleas"birato igniferolaticeincita"-"thetwowheeledconveyancemovedby igniferousjuice."

HisGracetheArchbishop,withVeryRev.Dr.Sullivan,DiocesanChaplaintotheYouthMovements(right),andtheParishPriest,Rev.Dr.Collins(left),inauguratedanewbranchofthe Y.C.W.andN.C.G.M.atShentonParkonthe23rd.inst. Inset:HisGracepresentsthebadgestothefoundationmembersoftheY.C.W.Letterpress seePage10.

YCW

ACTIVITIES

NationalMutualBuildings,81St George'sTerrace,Perth. 'Phone:B2546.

HEADQUARTERS.

Meetingstobeheldincommitteeroomsduringthemonthof May:

Thursday,8,7pm Y.C.W.

Executive.

Thursday,15,7p.m.:Y.C.W. Council.

Thursday,23,7p.m.:Y.C.W.

Executive. 8p.m.:Y.C.W. SportsCouncil.

NATIONALCRUSADEOF PRAYER.

Aspecialcrusadeofprayer forthecessationoftheindustrialunrestthroughoutAustraliawillbeconductedthroughout theCommonwealthduringthe monthofMay.

Ithasbeendecidedtoaskall membersoftheY.C.W.and N.C.G.Movementstoattend dailyMass,recitethedailyRosary,andwhereverpossibleto makefrequentvisitstotheBlessedSacrament.

TheRosarywillberecited twicedailyatY.C.W.Headquarters,at12.30p.m.and1.30p.m., anditishopedthatasmanyas possiblewillavailthemselvesof thisopportunity.

SHENTONPARKBRANCH.

LastWednesday,April23, inthepresenceofHisGrace theArchbishopandotherdistinguishedmembersoftheY.C.W. Movement,theShentonPark Chaplain,FatherRyan,began theceremonywhichwastoadd anotherbranchandapproximatelyanotherfiftymemberstothe alreadyexpandingY.C.W.

FatherRyanwelcomedthe ArchbishopandRev.Dr.Sulivan,andintroducedFather O'Farrell,FatherByrne(Katan. ning),FatherDepiazzi(Subiaco),FatherChocolich(Osborne Park),andRogerRyanandTerry Daly,oftheDiocesanCouncil. Hethankedthe for attendingthefunction,pointing outtheinconveniencecausedHis Gracewithhisaccumulatedwork.

FatherRyanthankedtheParish Priest,Rev.Dr.Collins,forhis enthusiasmandhelpintheestablishmentofthebranch,mentioningthatitwastheinterest ofDr.Collinswhichcausedthe instigationoftheY.C.W.at ShentonPark.

Rev.Dr.Sullivan,inhisaddress,mentionedtheuntiringeffortsofFatherRyantoestablishthebranch,andpointedout totheleadersandtothemembersingeneraltheirresponsibilitiestotheChurch,concludingwith:"Ifyoukeepthesein mind,youwillbeofrealvalue totheparishandwillbehelping intheworkofChrist.

Rev.Dr.Collinsstatedthat theestablishmentofaY.C.W. branchinhisparishhadtohim alwaysbeenacherishedideal, andpromisedthebranchhisfull support.

Dr.Collinswasfollowedby RogerRyan,whogaveasummaryoftheactivitiesandaims oftheY.C.W.Movement.

HisGracethenblessedthe bannerandbadgesofthenew branchanddistributedbadges totheleadersandmembership cardstotheintendingmembers.

Afterthissimpleceremony, HisGraceaddressedthepeople, thankingpreviousspeakersfor RandolphKnapp (W.A.O.A.)

SIGHT-TESTINGOPTICIAN.

12ATWELLARCADE, FREMANTLE-L15112.

theirwordsofwelcome,andexpressingthehopethatthenew membersoftheY.C.W.would be"militantandleadingmeritbersoftheChurch."HisGrace stressedtheChurch'sneedof greatersupportfromthelaity throughouttheworld,andmentionedtheY.C.W.astheideal movementforyoungmeninthis regard.

HisGraceconcludedbywishingtheShentonParkBranch everysuccess,andexpressing thehopethathelivestoseethe daywhenY.C.W.brancheswill beestablishedineveryparishin theArchdiocese.

FollowingtheArchbishop,our President,DaveO'Brien,thankedHisGraceforhisencouragingwords,andalsoDr.Sullivan and.RogerRyanforthehelp thattheyhadgivenintheestablishmentofourbranch.He warnedmembersagainstcomplacencyandpointedoutthat theestablishmentofasuccessful hranchwasontheirshoulders. Itwastheirco-operationandeffortswhichwillbringChristto theyouthofShentonPark.

Immediatelyfollowingthe President'saddress,supperwas served,oncemoresuppliedand inthecapablehandsoftheCa. tholicWomen'sLeague.This,in turn,wasfollowedbyadance. Wethinkandhopethatallpresenthadapleasantevening.

CLAREMONTBRANCH.

Goodnewsformanyisthe factthattheentertainments committeehasbeenreorganised. Thenewcommitteeconsistsof MissesB.BriggsandM.Mayhew,andBillDuxbury,Ron ShawandKevinSullivan.Anothergirlwillbeappointedin thenearfuture.Greatthings areexpectedfromthisenergetic group,andsothefortnightly dancesshoulddefinitelyshow greatimprovementbecauseof theirefforts.Thefirstmeeting washeldonApril26.

Thenewsthatwehaveentered ateamtocompeteintheWest AustralianTableTennisAssociationwasreceivedveryenthusiasticallybythemembers.Everyoneistraininghard,andsome haveshownexcellentform.The firstgameoftheseasoniscn May7,andtheprobableteamis: B.Duxbury,L.Downie,P.andD. Sullivan.Althoughnottooexperiencedincomparisonwith theotherteams,wearehopeful ofdoingwell.

OurnewChaplain,Father Eivers,hasdonesomegreat workintherejuvenationofthe branch.Extrafacilitiesareto beprovided,andsowearehopefulofhavingabetterattendance atthemeetings,whichareheld everyFridaynightat8p.m. Therearestillnumerousyoung menintheparishwhomwe wouldliketoseeasmembersof theY.C.W.

SUBIACOBRANCH.

MassCrusade.

Weareissuingacalltoall memberstogettheirnameson theMassrollofthebranch.It isourintentionandaimtoenrolallourmembersfortheNationalY.C.W.Crusadefor.the monthofMay.Sohandyour namestoanymemberofthe executiveanddoyourbesttobe atMasseverymorningduring thismonth.WearemakingarrangementsforageneralattendanceataspecialMasstobeheld onMay24,FeastofOurLady, HelpofChristians.Sowatch foranannouncement.

Dance. Ourusualfortnightlydance washeldonApril26,andwasa greatsuccess.Theneworchestraseemstobewinningtheacclaimofthecrowd,andallenjoyedthemselves.

Football. Trainingiswellinprogress fortheinter-branchcompetition, whichbeginsthismonth.Ina scratchmatchlastSundayour branchteammetanddefeateda teamfromJolimontFootball

KIRBY'SJEWELLERS ts

PLAZAARCADE, PERTH..nand

Dial/1011

'PHONE:B7388

L.HARTY(LateDunklings,Ltd.),Manager.

Club,atHendersonPark.The teamshowedsomesolidform, andweexpectittodowellthis season.Trainingis,forthepresent,at10a.m.onSundaymorningsatHendersonPark.

LEEDERVILLEBRANCH.

Football. Ourteamisnowtakingshape, butwithonlyafewweeksleft westillneedmuchimprovementifwearetopresenta soundcombination. R.Robertsonhasbeenelectedcaptainand T.Dalyvice-captain.Mr.D. Marinkohaskindlyofferedhis servicesascoach,andwillgive talksonthegameatthegeneralmeetings.Trainingison WednesdayandFridayevenings andSundaymornings.Soall thosewhohavenotyettrained thisyearcancomealongand showtheirform.

Dance.

ThenextdanceisonFriday evening,May2,at8p.m.

Rally.

OurcombinedY.C.W.-N.C.G.M. Rally,heldonMonday,April21, wasquiteasuccess,butwithour policy"Everythingattempted,a littlebetterthanthelast,"our nextishopedtobe100percent. better.Atournexteveningwe hopetopresentmorenewitems, andanyonewithanybrightsuggestionsisaskedtobringthem upatthenextmeeting.

Publication. AnexcellentY.C.W.publication,"Challenge,"isnowavailable,anditishopedthatthe memberswillmakefulluseof theopportuntitybypurchasing acopy.

NEDLANDSBRANCH.

Meetings.

Workingonthenew1947programme,NedlandsY.C.W.leadershaveestablishedanefficient systemofenquiry.Coupledwith thelessonspractisedfromlast year'sprogramme,leadersin thisbrancharenowworkingexceptionallywell,andtheresults oftheircontactswerewitnessed atageneralmeetingheldon lastWednesdaynight.

Themeetingprovedthemost successfulheldinNedlandsto date,andjudgingfromtheenthusiasmshown,andthevaried suggestionsputforwardby thosepresent,itistheforerunnerofmanywellattendedmeetings.

Theresponsebymembersto theMassrosterandY.C.W.work fortheweekhasbeenmostencouraging,andoccasionedthe praiseoftheChaplain.Membersareurgedtofollowtheir Massrosterandallottedwork closelyduringthecomingweek. Social.

Nedlandsheldagaladance eveningonSaturday,April26. Admissionwasfree,andtne Y.C.W.andN.C.G.M.hadthe pleasureofentertaininginthe vicinityof130guests.During theeveningtheyouthoftheparishwerebrieflyaddressedbythe DiocesanPresident,Mr.Terry Daly,andtheNedlandsPress dent,Mr.R.Low.Asaresult oftheseaddressesquiteanum beroftheyoungmenpresentexpressedadesireforfurther Y.C.W.informaton.Theywere immediatelyreferredtoNedlandsleaders,whowereactive intheircontactsduringthe wholeevening.

ThenextNedlandsdancewill beheldonSaturdaynight,May 10,inSt.Theresa'sHall, lands.Thesocialcommitteeis determinedtooffersomething differentinnoveltiesandfirstclassevenings.

Leadersinallparishesareinvitedandareaskedtomakethe danceknowntotheirmembers.

CATEDRALBRANCH.

LiturgyGroup. Ameetingwasheldonthe 24th.inst.,whichprovedtobe verysuccessful.FatherHogan presided. Thediscussioncentredonthe proofsofthe"ExistenceofGod," whichwereamplyexplainedbyFatherandunderstoodbythe members.Theattendancewas verygood,butwehopetoseea greaternumberinthefuture. Allarewelcome,sothiswill serveasaninvitationtoour nextmeeting,tobeheldonMay 8,atSt.Patrick'sBoys'School.

Bringalonganyqueriesyou mayhave,asthisihwhythe LiturgyGrouphasbeenorganised.

National Catholic Girls' MOVEMENT DIOCESANHEADQUARTERS.

ExecutiveMeeting: Friday,May9,at6p.m.

CouncilMeeting: Monday,May12,at8p.m.

NEDLANDSBRANCH.

Dance:May10.

Weareholdinganotherdance atSt.Theresa'sHall,Tyrellstreet,inconjunctionwiththeY.C.W.Weprovidegoodsuppers,goodfloor,andgoodorchestra.Therewillbeplentyof noveltydances,luckyspotsand eliminationdances.

2s.admission. DramaticClub.

Wewillbeholdingournext meetingatSt.Theresa'sHall, Tyrell-street,onSunday,May 4,afterDevotions.Wewantto produceplaysifpossible,andit wasmostencouragingtofindso muchtalentinNedlandsatour firstmeeting.

GeneralMeeting.

Ournextgeneralmeetingwill beheldonMay11afterSunday Devotions,andwehopethatall membersandintendingmemberswillcomedowntotheSchool Hall.Wehaveagreatmany activitiestodiscuss,dramatic playpresentation,andthepossibilityofre-openingdancing classesforthoseinterested. Therewillbediscussionoffolk dancingandaquizz.

HIGHGATEBRANCH.

BasketBall.

Theresultsoftheelections heldonthe13thinst.areasfollows:Captains-N.C.G.M.Team No.1:PaulineSelf.N.C.G.M. Team,No2:MaureenPuckering. Practice:10.30am.,TeamNo. 1;11a.m.,Teams2and3. Asmatcheswillbecommencingshortly,itistimewegot downtosomereallysolidpractice.Somakeapointofbeing attheConventgroundsontime

LEEDERVILLEBRANCH. Rehearsals.

Everyoneinthefilm,principals,ballet,chorusandsoforth arewantedintheHallafterDevotionsonSundayevening,May 4. Dance.

Thenextofourpopulardances willbeheldonFriday,Mayla, intheParishHall. GeneralMeeting.

NextwillbeheldonWednesdayweek,May14.P.T.willbe heldaftermeeting.

SUBIACOBRANCH. BasketBall.

Don'tforgetbasketballpracticeonSaturdayafternoonat2 p.m.,ontheSchoolCourt. ChoirPractice. SundayeveningafterDevotions. GeneralMeeting.

Tuesday,May13,at8p.m.

FREMANTLEBRANCH.

OnTuesday,April22,weagain hadtheprivilegeoflisteningto VeryRev.FatherByrne.This timehetookusinspiritona journeythroughthecolourful landsoftheOrient.ThepeopleandcustomsofIndiaand Borneobecamerealandnotjust vaguehappeningsbeyondthe seas.NextweproceededwestwardstoTurkeyandtheMiddle East.However,whatimpressed usmostofallwashisgraphic descriptionofthesufferingsand privationsofthepriestsand nunsinBorneobeforethe"Liberation."HealsomadeusrealisethatonlythroughCatholic Actioncanwepreventtheseterribledeedsrecurring.

CalendarofActivities.

Wednesday:Dramatics.

Thursday:KeepFit,6.45p.m.

Thursday:Choir,8p.m. BasketBall:Saturdayafternoon.

N.C.G.M.BASKETBALLASSOCIATION.

Acommitteemeetingofthe aboveAssociationwillbeheldat 8p.m.onThursday,May8,at theDiscaRooms,afterwhichan umpire'slecturewilltakeplace. Allcaptainsmustattendthe committeemeeting.andunless allaffiliationformsaretohand forreferenceatthemeeting,the drawingupoffixtureswillbe impossible.Sopleasebring affiliationformscompletedinall detailstothemeetingifthey haven'tasyetbeenhandedin.

COMMUNISTAIMSIN CHINA

RELIGIONTOGO,SAYSRED LEADER.

Aclassless,materialisticsociety,inwhich"sciencewillhave solvedallquestions,and automaticallydisposeofreligion,"istheobjectiveofthe ChineseCommunista,reports Rev.PatrickO'Connor,from Nanking.

"Wefollowtheideologyof Marx,"saidGeneralChouEnlai,oneofChina'sfivetopReds, inaninterview."Ourpresent policyisnotourultimategoal. Wemustfirstgothroughtheinitialstages.Forthesestages ourpolicyislikethatofthedemocratrevolutionarypartiesin theWest."

GeneralChou,aged48,was officialCommunistenvoyto UnitedStatesGeneralGeorge C.Marshall'speacenegotiations, andisfourthrankingmaninthe five-mansecretariatthatrules theChinaRedArmy.Hegave 1,200,000asthelatestavailable figureonpartymembership. TheCommunists'presentpro gramme.asdistinctfromtheir ultimategoal,includes,accordingtoGeneralChou:independenceforChinawithoutany foreigninterventionandwith equalityforminorityracial groups;acoalitionGovernment ClasslessSociety.

"Ifyoureachyourgoalof.i Communistclasslesssociety,will youpermitfreedomofspeech andassociationtootherparties?"queriedFatherO'Connor.

"Intheglasslesssocietythere willbenoparties,"ChouEn-lai answered."Butitmaytakeus tentotwentyyearstoreach thatgoal.Wemustapproach itstepbystep.

China,saidthegeneral,must "passthroughtheinitialstage ofAmericanhistory"inaccomplishingeconomicreforms,bu' "wedonotregardthecondition oftheUnitedStatesassatisfactory.Itseconomicsystemisdominatedbyasmallnumberof monopolistcapitalists."

GeneralChoumaintainedthat therewasfreedomforeducation underreligiousauspicesand "freedomofreligionaswellas intheCommunist-controlledpartofChina. GeneralChouwasqueriedregardingrecentreportsofthe seizureandpenalisingofCatholicBishopsandpriestsbyReds. Heknewofnocase"ofaclergymanbeingpersecutedbecauseof hisreligion,"buthepromisedto investigatethesecasesandtoreportonthem.

ScienceInsteadofReligion.

QuestionedontheplaceofreligionintheclasslessCommunistStateheenvisaged,Choureplied:"Inthefinalstageofthe Marxistsociety,Iexpecttha: sciencewillhavesolvedallquestions,andthiswillautomaticallydisposeofreligion.Thereafter,religiousideaswillbe mattersforartists,tobetreated asmerelyimaginary,subjectto fantasy."

"Wearematerialists,"hecontinued,"inthesensethatwedo notbelieveinasoulasdistinct fromthematerialbody.After deaththereisnothingness. Webelieveinthepawofnature."

H.

C.PRIOR

FUNERALDIRECTOR

ALBANY(Established1921)

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4S9WellingtonStPerth. FishandPoultrySupplies.

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M.1.DILLON,Licensee.

4

WhatMovesaConvert

ByREV.RICHARDGINDER.

Relativelyfewconvertscome tothefaithbecauseofascientificstudyoftheevidencesinits favour.Ifweconsiderthefictitiouscaseoramanfollowing logicabsolutely,andstarting fromscratch,wewouldhaveto suppose,first,thathehadnoprejudicesandwascompletelydispassionate-preparedtofollow truthwhereveritmightlead.

Firsthewouldcometothe knowledgethatthereisaGod, thatHeisintelligentandtheessenceoftruth.Thenhewould weighthepossibilityofrevelationandstudythefactsof Christ'slife.Sofarhecould beactingwithoutanyspecial grace-arrivingatamoreorless notionalideathathecouldand oughttobelievetheresultsof hisfindings.

Graceentersthepicturenow, organisingtheman'sthoughts andfocussingtheminonepracticaljudgment:"Ioughttobelievenow,atthispoint."Thence themangoesontoexaminerevelationindetail,findingsooner orlaterthefactthattheCatholicChurchhasinfallibleauthority.Therestiseasy.

Thatishowseminarianscover thematterintheirclasses.First theyhavetwoormoreyearsof philosophy,inwhichtheystudy GodandHisuniversewithout drawingontheBibleorChurch teaching.(Thatisthedifferencebetweenphilosophyandtheology;bothstudythesamething, buttheoneusesnaturalwitand theotheruses.revelation.)

Afterprovingtheexistenceof Godtheclassgoesontosee whetherornotHehasspokento man.TheyfindthatHehas. ThentheychecktheBibletosee whetheritisabookofreliable history.Itis.Theystudythe claimofJesustobeGod,and theproofsHeoffered-themit, acles,thepropheciesandtheir fulfilment;theyseethatHe foundedanorganisationforthe preachingofHismessage,and thatHepromiseditHisnever failingassistance.Ayearis spentinthesestudies,andthe finalthreeyearsinastudyof Churchteaching.

WebornCatholicsacceptthe faith,firstontheauthorityof ourparents,thenofourteachers,finallyofanofficialspokesmanoftheChurch.Allthrough lifewekeepaddingtothemotiveswhichconfirmourfaith.We hearofmiracles.WemeetbrilliantCatholicswhocompelour admiration.Allthesestrengthenourfaith,andchangetfrom afaithinFatherSo-and-Sotoa faithintheUniversalChurch.

Manynon-Catholicsarebrought intothefaiththroughtheforce ofgoodexample.Theymixwith devoutCatholicsandcometorealisethattheyaremissingsomething.Theyarebroughttoa Catholicserviceandareimpressedbythedevotionofthecongregation.Purityandthoroughgoingdecencyarepowerfulinfluences.Menadmireafellowwho isclean-mouthed.Theyhaverespectforthateloquentsilence

whichcondemnsprofanityand scurrilk.y.

PiouschildrenmakeanonCatholicfatherthink.TheCatholicpartnertoamixedmarriage hasaseriousdutyinthisregard.

Otherconversionsshowno naturalcauseatall.Theyare practicallymiraclesofgrace:a manmayblunderintothewrong churchonSunday,maydevelop anunexplainablediscontentwith theChurchofhisbirth;mayrun acrossaCatholicpamphlet;he maybefascinatedbyaCatholic radioprogramme.

Onethingiscertain:graceis neededbeforeonecanmoveover thevery,thresholdoffaith.We knowofmanywhohavecometo thedooroftheChurchandstoppeddead,asthoughparalysed. Theyknewthewholestory,they couldrecitethecatechismbackwards,theythoughtthewhole structurecredible,theyknew theyifanychurchwasright,it mustbetheCatholicChurch,and yettheycouldnotmakeanact offaith.Theywereparalysed -probablybecausetheyhadn't gotdownontheirkneesandaskedforfaith.

FaithisthegiftofGod.No onecanstudyhiswayintothe faith.Somethingmorethan studyisneeded.Christsaidso Himself:

"NoonecancometoMeunlesstheFatherwhosentMe drawhim. Buttheresome amongyouwhodonotbelieve. ThatiswhyIsaidsaidto you,'NoonecancometoMeunlessheisenabledtodosobyMy Father.'" St.Paul,ofcourse,echoedhis Master'steachingwhenhetold hisconverts:

"Bygraceyouhavebeensavedthroughfaith;andthatnot fromyourselves,foritisthegift ofGod." Wearetemptedtothinkwe cansolveourownproblemsand figureeverythingoutforourselves.Faithasksustoaccepta teacher,theChurch,andtobelievewhatshetellsuswithout question.

Hencethesimplefactthata proudmancan'tbeconverted untilhegetsoffhishighhorseuntilhegetsdownonhisknees andadmitsthatsomeonemay possiblyknowmorethanhe;and hencethemoreorlesslegitimate inferencethatthemanwhocannotacceptthefaith,afterareasonableexplanationofit,is eitherprejudiced,orsuffering fromabigdoseofpride.

Whileitistruethatthemysteriesoffaithareobscureby theirveryname,andnotnearlysoclearastheprinciplesof naturalscience,suchasthata thingcannotbeandnotbeatthe sametime,wemustsaythatthe truthsoffaitharemorecertain thananymerelynaturaltruths.

Thefactsoffaithare,actually, infallible.Todoubtthemisto doubtChrst.Doubtsdoarise, butthesecomeastemptations andwithoutourwillingthem.It isn'tthattheminddoubtsGod, butthatthemindissearching forfreshassurancethatthe truthsinquestionhavereally beenrevealed.

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SHEFFIELDHOUSE.713-21HAYSTREET,PERTH.

TENNIS

HIGHGATECLUB.

Clubtennisovertheweek-end wassomewhatlimited.This wascausedbytherainthatfell onFriday,Saturday,andearly Sundaymorning.However,club membersassembledatthecourts onSundaymorningandrolled andputtheminsplendidplaying conditionfortheafternoon.As ithappeneditturnedouta beautifulafternoon,andmost memberstookadvantageofit,as therewasaverybigroll-up,and therespectivecaptainswerekept busyarrangingsets.

Thecommitteealsoplayed sometournamentmatches.The firstwasthefinalofthemen's championshipdoubles.Thiswas contestedbetweenP.Ryanand P.McGinnityv.G.Dwyerand B.McGinnity.Thisfinalproducedsomeveryfinetennisat times,butitcouldbeseen throughoutbothsetsthatRyan andMcGinnityalwayshadthe upperhand,andtheywonboth sets,6-2,6.3.Bydoingsothey alsowonthemen'schampion. shipdoublestitleoftheclub.

Twoothermatcheswerealso played.Theywerethequarter finalsofthemixeddoubleschampionship.Thefirstmatchwas betweenK.McCaulandP.Ryan v.M.O'ReillyandJ.McEncroe. Thismatchwenttotwosetsand manyfineralliestookplace,but theexperiencedplayers,Mcra andRyan,hadtoomanyshots fortheir'opponents,andthey wonthematch,6-1,6-0.

Thenextmatchwasanother ouarterfinal,betweenP.Smith andJ.Carrollv.M.Wattsand P.McGinnity.Thismatchalso producedfinetennis,andresulted inawinforSmithandCarroll, 6-1,6-2.

NextSundaymorningthe othertwoquarterfinalswillbe played,andonSundayafternoon, at2p.m.,thetwosemi-finalswill beplayed.Playersremaining inthemixeddoubleseventsare askedtobeatthecourtsnext week-endattheirrespective times.

Thisyeartheclubhasentered eightteamsintheW.A.C.L.T.A. shieldmatches.Intheladies matchestheclubwillberepresentedinthe"A,""B,""C."and "D"grades.

Inthemen'smatchesthe clubwillberepresentedinthe "A,""B,"and"C"grades.Inthe "B"gradedivisiontheclubha, enteredtwoteams.

Theclubcommitteeisagain lookingforwardtoanothersuccessfulpennantseason,aswas experiencedlastyear.Membersareaskedonceagainto givetheirwholeheartedsupport, byturninguptotheirmatches atthetimeanddatelaiddown, and,totakeparticularnotice wheretheirrespectivematchis tobeplayed.

Membersoftheclubcommitteeareremindedthatthenext meetingistobeheldinthe HighgateHallonWednesday, May7,at8p.m.

Thegradedlistsoftheclub havebeencompleted,andare nowonthenoticeboard.Rules regardingchallenges,etc.,are alsoonthenoticeboard.Memberswhowishtoplaychallenge matchesmaydosobyfollowing andcarryingouttheseinstructionsbeforeMay7,asshield teamshavetobefinalisedonor beforethatdate.

Resultsofmatchesplayedover week-end:

Men'sChampionshipDoubles -Final:P.RyanandP.McGinnityd.B.McGinnityandE Dwyer,6-2,6-3.

MixedDoublesChampionships -Quarterfinals:K.McCauland P.Ryand.M.O'ReillyandJ. McEncroe,6-1,6-0;P.Smithand J.Carrolld.M.WattsandP. McGinnity,6-1,6-2.

Personalities.

ItisverypleasingtoseeC Arnoldbackamongtheranks again.Itisnoticeablethat Celiaisimprovinghergame eachdayshecomesdowntothe club.

Theclubintendstoholdits Sunday morning coaching schemeagainthisyear.Memberswillbenotifiedofthecommencingdatethroughthesecolumnsandtheclubnoticeboard.

Themaintopicofconversationatthecluboflateseems tobecentredaroundtheW.A.forthcomingshield matches.

Famineinthe

(ContinuedfromPage7.) ofmachinerytotheM.T.S.This ,askwasthemoreurgent,since, astheCentralCommitteediscovered,horses-thenaturalsubstitutefortractors-cannotbe "manufactured"atthesame pace.OneofthemostdramaticstatisticaltablesIever cameacrossisthatillustrating theflowandebbofthehorse populationoftheSovietUnion duringthelastthirtyyears. Thesefewfiguressumupthe tragicstoryofRussianpeasantry betterthananybookonthe samesubject. Herearethe chieffiguresfromthistable:-

Year. NumberofHorses.

1916 35,800,000

1929 34.600,000

1930

1935 15,900,000

1938 17,500,000

1939-45 Nofiguresavailable

1946 10,800,000

1950(plan) 15,800,000

HowtorunaStatesystemof agriculturewithouthorses,with aninsufficientnumberofmachines labour?andwithbadlydepleted SuchistheterribleproblemfacingtheKremlin. Notthatthecrisisislimited toagriculture.ArecentstatementbytheCabinetmadeit clearthatcoalandoilproductionisbadlylaggingbehindthe plannedoutputquotas,thusdelayingthedevelopmentofother industrialbranches.Thehousingshortageisappalling.Mil-

SovietUnion

lionsofpeoplearestilllivingin dug-outsandthelike.Theindustrialoutputofthewar-damaged areashasnotyetreachedhalf ofthepre-warlevel.Notonly foodbutalsootherconsumer goodsarereachingthepeoplein averyslowandthintrickle. Thegloomylistmaybeextended throughoutallbranchesofindustry.Butoverridingeverythingistheagriculturalcrisis. Whatevertheprogressofindustrialisationsincetheinceptionof theFiveYearPlan,theSoviet Unionisstill,whatRussiaalwayshasbeenandwillalways remain,agiganticEmpirewhose Remarks.

Afterthefirstwar,thecivil warandthe1921famine,BeginningoftheNEPperiod. Pre-revolutionnumbernearly reached.Collectivisationbeganthisyear.

The-kolkhoz"systembeginningtowork

lifeisdependentontherelative well-beingandproductivityofits peasantpopulation.Adefectionhere,suchasisunmistakablenow,underminestheentire structure.Thisknowledgecannotandmustnotproduceany sterilespiritofSchadenfreudefortherealsufferersaretheinnocentpeopleofRussia,andnot theircriminalrulers;itmay, however,helpincallingthebrazenbluffsolongandsosuccessfullymaintainedbySovietdiplomacy.

REMOVALOFPRACTICE

F.C.0.YEATESF.I.O.(Hons.),W.A.O.A.(Dip.) OPTOMETRIST

NEWADDRESS:-ROOMS61-67,3rdFLOORA.N.A.HOUSE 'LateR.A,A,F,Hqrs.)ST.GEORGE'STERRACE,PERTH.

HOURS:-MondaytoFriday:9a.m.to5.30pm. Saturday:9a.m.to12.30p.m.

'PHONE:B3620

CompletelyReadyfor your1947KnittingRequirements

Don'ttheseasonswhizzaround!Onceagain it'stimetogetoutyourknittingneedlesand startworkonthosenewwoolliesyou'llwantfor thisAutumnandWinter.Ahern's,ofcourse, havealltheaccesoriesyou'llrequire. The newKnittingWoolsbyPaton's,Sunglo,Lincoln Mills,Excelsior,thelatestKnittingBooks, Needles,KnittingBags,Rug-MakingAcccsories. Make Ahern's yourheadquartersforKnitting needsthisseason.

ncomeTaxExemptiononDarwinWarMemorialFundGifts Announced,

islandsinthenorth.Wealso rememberthosewhofoughtfor usintheskies.

AnzacDayafterWorldWar commemoratedthebraveryof heflowerofAustralianmanoodengagedinbattleforthe frettime,atGallipoli.After VorldWarII.itmayberegarddasalsorememberingthefirst ttackofenemyraiderseverto eexperiencedonournative oil. HereatDarwin,onFebruary 9,1942,tookplaceanair-raid, noredevastatingthanPearl arbour,andwhichwasthefirst f65attacks. Fornearlytwomonthsafter garcametoourshores,enemy aidswerepracticallyunchallengtd.Thescantnumberofforces tationedhere,andhopelesslyin-

"AnzacDayisfullofmeaning. Mendiedthatwemightenjoy liberty.Thisisthedayon whichwethinkdeeplyuponthe wayoflifewestillenjoy,thanks tothesuccessfulrepudiationof godlessforcesfromourshores."

Heconcludedbysayingthat thewordsAnzacandcourageare synonomous.Thesamecouragedisplayedbyourmenat GallipoliinWorldWarI.,and atDarwininWorldWarII.,is neededtostanduptothetroubledpost-wardays.

LaterinthedayFatherFlynn laidawreathontheCenotaph. Fromthismonumentcanbe seentheHarbour,wherestilllie sunkenwrecks,muteevidenceof historicdays.

OldAquinians' HockeyClub

(By"Roll-In.")

Sunday,27th.,dawnedaperfectdayforthefirstAIGrade matchattheClaremontShow Ground.

Theclub'stopteamransmartlyontothefield-perfectsunshine,alargecrowd-andfaced theirfirstopponent,Perth.K. Kennedyhadthehonourofagain beingelectedcaptainofthe team,andthustheClub.

Bothteamsplayedquitewell consideringitwasthefirst match,Perthbeingfasttothe ball,whereasAquinas'experienceinpositionplayheldthem ingoodstead.TheCollege teamwashandicappedwhenan oldleginjurycausedK.Ken nedytodropt.oleftwing,changingpositionwithJackFitzpatrick.Theinsideforwards,J. EvansandE.McNamara,were inexcellentform,finishingwith threeandfourgoals,respectively.Itishopedtheteam'sconditionwillhaveimprovedby Saturdaynext,when,intheir secondgame,theyareopposedto Cricketers,againstwhomstaminaandspeedproveveryuseful.

TheA2intheirnewgrade wereunluckytoplayundersuch adverseconditionsaswereexperiencedonSaturday,26th.,at Broadway.Thoughtheywere beaten2-1,theyneverthelessac quittedthemselvesverywell.Of theirlastilear'spremiership teamfourmembershaddeparted fromthecity,newcomersbeing W.Melvin,J.Edwards,H.LithgoandveteranJ.O'HaraBest playersfortheteamwereMelvin,Griffin,Lithgo.Thegoal wasscoredafterashortcorner scufflebyB.Conroy.

ProposedDarwinChurchandShrineofThanksgiving. adequateequipment,madethe TaxationExemption. Jap'sgoingeasy.ButthearrivalofthefirstAmericans,with theirdetectiongearandmore planescreatedasurprisere. ceptionwhennexttheenemy flewsouthtobombwhatwas thenconsideredasAustralia's "back-door."

OnApril25,AnzacDay,1942, R.A.A.F.Station,Darwin,was thesceneofanextensiveraid. Twenty-fourbombers,escorted byZerofighters,flewoverabout mid-day,makingstraightforthe aerodrome.

Kittyhawkswentupandengagedthemincombat.Though R.A.A.F.Stationwasseverely damaged,ourplanesreturned victorious.Theresultofthat engagementwas"Elevencertain, othersprobable.Ourlosses nil" St.Mary's.

ItsProtectressmustsurely havekeptvigilanceoverSt. Mary'sStaroftheSea.After eighteenmonthsofenemyaction thereweresevenbombcraters inthechurchgroundand70 withinaradiusofabout200 yards,thoughthechurchitself neversufferedadirecthit.However,flyingshrapnel,debris,and blast,riddledthewallsandshatteredeverywindowpane,piercedthefrontalpanelofthealtar andrippedthecanopyoffthe Bishop'sthrone.Remarkableas wastheescapeofthechurch fromadirecthit,thestoryofthe "woundedstatue"ismoreastonishing.Thestatueofanangel besidetheHighAltarwaspiercedrightthroughfromfrontto backbyflyingshrapnel,leaving alargehole,yetitcontinuedto stand.VisitorstoDarwinshow muchinterestinthisbattle relic.

Inthewar-tornchurch,aspecialRequiemMasswasoffered onAnzacDaythisyear.inkeepingwiththepracticeofother years,forthereposeofthesouls ofthosewhopaidthesupreme sacrifice,bothinthisandother operationalareas.

Indeliveringtheoccasional sermon,Rev.FatherFlynnsaid: "Wecommemoratethecourage andenduranceofthosewho foughtinthelastwar,andthose ofthiswar,whohavewritten newnamesupontheScrollof Fame.Thesemenhaveadded toournationalpridebybattles onland-TobrukElAlamein, GreeceandCrete.Wemust notforgetthemenoftheships, andthosewhocarriedontheir heroicworkforthisportofDar win,runningthegauntlettothe

FatherFrankFlynnmadea mostsignificantannouncement tomembersoftheDarwinWar MemorialChurchandShrineof ThanksgivingAppealCommittee intheevening,regardingtaxation.Hereadaletterreceived fromtheCommissionerofTaxation,Canberra,whohasgranted specialincometaxexemptionon giftstothefundofandover.

"ThedecisionoftheCommissioner,"hesaid,"isbasedon thenationalsignificanceandpublicimportanceofournobleen. terprise.Theconcessionaldeductionsandrebatesaregranted undertheIncomeTaxAssessmentAct,1946-46,Sections78(1) (a)(vii),and160(2)(g)(vii). Themoneysthatwouldnormally bepaidasincometaxoncontributionstothefundmaybedeductedfromthefinalincometax assessmentofeachtaxpayer whoisabenefactortothefund."

FatherFlynninstructedthe TreasureroftheAppealCommitteetoissueanofficialreceipt toeachdonortosubstantiatethe claimfortheconcessionalrebate allowablefromthetaxationassessment.

Deductionswillbeapplicable fortheyearoryearsinwhich giftsaremade.

Headdedthattherewas scarcelyneedtosayhowgratefulisthecommitteeforthis privilegedconcession.Hefelt confidentthatitwouldgreatly addtothesuccessoftheAppeal.

BesidesHisEminenceCardinal Gilroy'sgiftof£100,anequally generousandgraciousdonation hasnowbeenreceivedfrom MostRev.Dr.Mannix,ArchbishopofMelbourne.

DonationsfortheDarwinWar MemorialChurchandShrineof Thanksgivingmaybesenttothis officeandwillbeforwardedto FatherFlynn,M.S.C.

Ananonymousgiftof£1010s. hasalreadybeenreceived.

ACCOMMODATION. Youngmanrequiresboardand residence,nearcity.R.O.99. Wantedunfurnishedaccommodationforelderly,respectable couple,nearR.C.Church;any district;permanent;referenceif required.V.G.,thisoffice.

SITUATIONVACANT.

Goodhomeofferedladyin smallsuburbanhotel;experience notnecessary;verylightduties; wage,£210s.andkeep;permanent;openoneweek. Apply Hotel,"Record"office.

B'sonSunday,attheClaremontBground,werenotstrong enoughtostandtheonslaught ofFremantle.Itwasasevere testfortheteam,manyof whosememberswereplayingfor thefirsttime.Onlytraining, enthusiasm,andtheabilityto workasateamcanhelpateam overcomeareverseof14.0.

Thejuniors,onlytwoofwhom hadplayedpreviously,weresuccessful,4-2.againstMidland Junction.Goalscamefrom Paget(2).G.Melvin,K.Willamson,whilstamongthebest playerswereM.Paget,Banting, andB.O'Leary,thoughthelatterisstillinclinedtow',nder outofhiscorrectposition.Many othersshowedgreatpromise.

10,1000111,10XVIAANNNNII.3100.11

RACINGSELECTIONS

By"THEHAWK"

W.A.T.C. Saturday,May3,1947.

ByfordMaidenHandicap:Cole Porter,1;MissAgnes,2;Betty Dawn,8.

HedlandHandicap:FairBlossom,1;Relate,2;Triangular,3. FederalHandicap: Grey Flash,1;SirDare,2;Verenice, 8. KarridaleHandicap:Goodwill, 1;KingMac,2;FlyingMonarch,8.

KimberleyHandicap:Haley Breen,1;GoldPatois,2;Punchinello,8.

TablelandsHandicap(2):Aero, 1;TropicalPrince,2;Monisaa, 8.

TablelandsHandicap(1): ValleyPrince,1;BlueSmoke,t; HomeFront,3.

TROTTING.

Breeders'Handicap:Gentle Lady,1;BigStorm,2;Dark Nelson,3.

LeightonHandicap:Conda's Hope,1;RoseMinting,2;Miss Mavista,3.

KwinanaHandicap:Merrimha, 1;MissenLink,2;CyrilDerby, 8. HarbourHandicap:RareQueen, 1;ChildWirra,2;RedMavista, 8. StateHandicap:Arabson,1; Dallingwood,2;DavidDixie,S. RockinghamHandicap:Peter Mavista,1;TrevorBells,2; BlackFairy,S. RiverHandicap:Mecca,1; NellieRoyal,2;SpecialEdition, 3. DUKE

4

Russia'sAll-outBidfortheSoulofItaly

Togliatti'sShamelessVolteFaceOverLateranPact

pornographycoupledwiththedirectattackontheChurchand theHolyFatherwasbeingfinancedfromforeignsources.

Althoughpoliceactionhas,to anextent,curtailedthepornography,theassaultontheHoly Seehascontinuedunabated, withtheCommunistsusing everyopportunitytoshatterthe influenceoftheChurchandthe Vatican.Forweekspastthe Communists'immediateobjective hasbeentheexclusionofthe LateranPactsfromthenewItalianConstitution.Theyfought thisissuebydirectpropaganda tothepeopleandinthedeliberationsoftheConstitutionframingsub-committee;morerecentlytheymadetheirlaststand intheConstituentAssembly.

Red"VolteFace."

PREMIERDEGASPERI:

"MaytheCommonFatherprotecttheltalilnnation!"

Manymonthsafterthestart ofthecampaignitisatlast beingrecognisedinsecularpress 4 thattheSovietisdirectlyhelpingandinstigatingitsagents tocaptureItalyforCommunism.

Inthe"SundayTimes"(March 30),CliffordHulme,writing fromWashington,saysthatthe UnitedStatesmilitaryintelligencedocuments,justreceived inthecapital,reportthatMoscowhasinstructedtheItalian Communistleader,PalmiraTogliatti,topreparetotakeover thepresentGovernment"when conditionswarrant."

"Themilitaryagents,"adds thecorrespondent,"further claimedtohavelearnedthatTogliattihasbeenprovidedwitha fundequivalentto£2,500,000, andisorganisingtheplantingof agentsinallembassiesaswellas traningCommunistsforworkin SpainandPortugal."

Pope'sWarning.

Ifthischronologyiscorrect, itmeansthattheU.S.military intelligenceiswellbehindthe HolySeeinitsdiscoveries,for thePopehimselfwarnedtheItalianpeopleseveralmonthsago thatthesuddencampaignof

Lastweekcametheendofthe struggle,accompaniedbywhat, atfirstglance,seemsastartling "volteface"bytheCommunist Party.OnMarch4,theAssemblyapprovedtheinclusionof thePactsintheConstitutionby amajorityof201,andtheCommunistsvotedwiththe"ayes" alongsidetheChristianDemo-

Thencamearevealingstatement.Claimingthatmany membersoftheCommunist PartywereCatholics,hesaid: "Tosolvetheproblemofthe LateranPactsitisnecessaryto knowtheChurch'sopinion,for theChristianDemocratscannot haveamonopolyofItalianCatholics."

Hewentontosaythatthe Church'sopinioncouldbefound invariousarticlesinthe"OsservatoreRomano,"whichmadeit clearthatArticle1 (admitting thePactstotheConstitution) would,ifrejected,deeplydisturb thecountry'sreligiouspeace.It wasonthebasisofthesedocuments,whichexpressedthe Church'spointofview,thatthe Communistshaddecidedtovote fortheArticle,heconcluded.

Togliatti'sexplanationmerely meansthat,recognisingthatthe Pactswouldbevotedintothe Constitutioninanycase,helent thesupportofhispartyasa methodofextendinghisinfluenceamongtheCatholicpopulation,foritisunfortunatelytrue thatmanyItalianCatholicssupportCommunism.ThereislittledoubtthatTogliatti,takinga long-termview,usedthisartifice alsoasameansofgainingfor theCommunistsareputationfor religioustoleranceandtogive colourtothebeliefthatreligion

TOGLIATTI, ItalianCommnuistleader:"The ChristianDemocratscannothave amonopolyofItalianCatholics."

461,000,000peopledeclaredthem selvesCatholics.Finally,he assuredtheAssemblythatreligiousminoritieswouldreceive fullguaranteesoflibertyand equalityandneednotfearpersecution.

TheHolyFatherwarnedtheItalianpeople monthsagothatthecampaignofpornography coupledwiththedirectattackontheChurchwas beingfinancedfromforeignsources.

craticParty,DemocrticLabour andtheMazzinianRepublicans.

Togliatti'sexplanationofhis party'ssuddenchangeofpolicy madeobvioushistacticalplan. Hedeclaredthatitwasonlyon religiouspeacethattheunityof theproletariatcouldbemaintainedandthecountryrebuilt.

"Theworkingclassdoesnotwant schismforreligiouscauses,"he added."Wemustavoideverythingnecessarytoavoidafight betweenSocialists,Communists andChristianDemocrats."

inItalywouldbesafefundamentallyevenunderaCommunist regime.

SignordeGasperisolemnly warnedtheAssembly:"Ifwe vote'no,'wemayopenawound inItaly'sbatteredbody,andI donotknowwhenitwould heal."HedeclaredthatArticle 7consolidatedtheRepublican regime,whichwouldbeendangeredbyareligiousstruggle.At the1931census,hepointedout, morethan45,000,000ofItaly's

NativesofBougainvilleStarving

Mgr.HannanRepliestoMr.Ward

"Imakethesedisclosuresmore insorrowthaninanger-asan Australian,notasamissionary," saidMgr.Hannan.inurgingthe FederalGovernmenttorushfood suppliestosavethenativeswho aredyingofhungeratBougain vine.

AGovernmentwhichhad spentthousandsofpoundsduringthewarrescuingonestrandedairmancouldeasilyallocatea flightoftransportplanestofly thefoodacrosstosavethelives ofthousandsofnatives,hecontended.

Mgr.Hannan,formerNational DirectorofPropagationofthe Faith,isnowamissionaryin theSolomons.

MorenativeshaddiedinBougainvilleinthelast18monthsunderAustralianrule-thanduringthewar,hestated.

SincetheJapscapturedthe islandearlyin1942,8,000natives hadperished-aboutone-quarter ofthetotalpopulation.More than4,000haddiedsinceAugust,1945.

"Icanvouchforthefigures onthenumberofdeathsbecause theyareshowninarecentCatholiccensusofthenativepopulation,and85-90percent.are Catholics."

Mgr.Hannanexplainedthat Bougainvillenormallysupported 35,000,withimportsofrice.For

nearlythreeyears,whilethe Japswerethere,theislandsupported90,000. Allthegardenshadbeendestroyed,everyclearinghadbeen bombed.ThenativeshaddeclaredwarontheJapsandabandonedtheirgardensandtheir villagestohelptheAlliedcampaign.

Mgr.Hannansaidheattended aconferenceofsixnativechiefs lastBoxingDay.Thechiefs hadpointedoutthattheyhad foughttheJapsalonelongbeforetheAmericansandAustralianshadreturnedtoBougainville.

PointedQuestion.

Duringthewar,thechiefs said,theyhadwelcomedthe AustraliansandAmericansas allies,andhadriskedtherlives manytimestocontactthem.A gratefulAustralianGovernment haddecoratedthemwithmedals "Aren'ttheyinterestedinour bodies,nowthewarisover?" onechiefaskedhim.

Eitherwelackedmenofa calibrefreetoadministerthese territorieswithanoverallpopulationoftwomillionnatives,or wedidn'tthinkitworthwhile sendingthem.

Thesituationwasprobably worstintheSolomonsbecause theywerefarthestawayandhad thebitterestfighting.Buthe haddiscovered,onrecentvisits, thatthesituationwasmuchthe samenNewIrelandandparts ofNewGuinea.

IneffectiveAdministration. "Everyoneintheislandsknows thesadlackofeffectiveadministration,eveninsuchelementarymattersaskeepingthepeoplealive.

"Oneofthemaintroublesis thatwehavemorethanourrationofanthropologistsandother 'ologists,whosemainpurposein lifeseemstobe'Lendmeyour ears.'"

"Sun"SupportsMgr.Hannan.

DisclosuresmadebyMonsignorJamesHannanregardingconditionsatBougainvillearedeeplydiscreditabletoCanberra. ItisthedutyoftheFederal Governmenttorushfoodsuppliestotheisland,andtransport planesforthispurposeshould immediatelybemadeavailable. AGovernmentthatclaimsrights innativeterritorymustnot neglecttheresponsiblitiesof trusteeship.

-"Sun-Pictorial"leader,April 2,supportingMgr.Hannan's disclosures.

ImmediateActionPromised, TheMinisterforExternalTerritories(Mr.Ward)promised immediateinquiriesintostatementsbyMgr.Hannan,aSydneymessageinthe"Sun"of April3stated.

"Wedon'twantanymore Governmentexpertscoming acrosstoconductinvestigations. Wewantafewtransportplanes togetfood,nowinCairns, acrosstosavethestarvingnatives."

ThusMgr.Hannancommented onMr.Ward'spromise.

ThePremierendedwitha warmtributetotheHolyFather forhisdefenceoftheweakwithoutdistinctionofcreed."May theCommonFatherprotectthe Italiannation,"heconcluded amidcheers.

TheCommonMan(Qualan. quists)Partywishedtohavea statementinsertedintheConstitutionassertingthattheCatholicreligionwas"theofficialreli gionoftheRepublic."Theoppositionpartiestriedhardto havethepositionoftheLateran Pactswatereddownbyvarious amendments.SignorNenni, theSocialistleader,rejectedthe Pactsonthegroundsthatthey containedseveralprovisionsunacceptabletoa"layState"and heaccusedtheChristianDemocratsoftakingthestandatthe dictationoftheVaticanandCa tholicAction.

AnorignalprovisionofArticle 7givingreligiousgroupsthe rightoforganisation"aslongas theydonotconflctwithItalian law,"wastransferredtoArticle 14,tobedebatedlater.

FalseReport.

Despitethisvictoryforthe ChurchinItaly,wonwiththe "help"oftheCommunists,the propagandacampaignagainst theChurchcontinues,although inmoresubtleform.Thelatestmanifestationwasareporta fewdaysagoinaRomeevening papertotheeffectthatdiplomatsaccreditedtotheVatican "aretakingstepswiththeappro priateauthoritiestostudythe possibilityoftheRomanCuria transferringoutsideItalyinthe eventofseriousworlddisturb. ances."VaticanRadioimmediatelyannouncedthatthereport waswithouttheslightestfoundationandthattheHolySee wouldnotevenconsiderthepossibilityofsuchamove.

Itmayberecalledthatduringtheheightofthewarfare againsttheVaticanCommunist andotherLeftleadersdeclared theirconvictionthattheHoly SeeshouldleaveRome.

ikaltiet9

'HistoricHomes

`The.Cakes"

Onecanimaginetheexcitornentindaysgone bywhenthecoachesclatteredtoahaltatthe oldLakesInn,forthiswasthehalf-wayhouse betweenPerth,YorkandNortham.Itwas therecognisedstoppingplaceforhorseteams. andfarmersofthedistrictmetheretoexchange produceforothergoods.Later,thelicence wastransferredfromtheLakesInnto Chidlows,afterwhichtheoldinnwasused asaprivateresidence.Withitshistoric backgroundandrelicsofconvictdays.itis toberegrettedthatthepicturesqueoldLakes Inn,builtfromstone,andwithashingled roof,isnowlargelyinruins.

Publishedasatributetoourpioneersbythe SwanBreweryCompanyLimited,makersof SwanLager.

Russia'sAll-outBidfortheSoulofItaly

Togliatti'sShamelessVolteFaceOverLateranPact

pornographycoupledwiththedirectattackontheChurchand theHolyFatherwasbeingfinancedfromforeignsources.

Althoughpoliceactionhas,to anextent,curtailedthepornography,theassaultontheHoly Seehascontinuedunabated withtheCommunistsusing everyopportunitytoshatterthe influenceoftheChurchandthe Vatican.Forweekspastthe Communists'immediateobjective hasbeentheexclusionofthe LateranPactsfromthenewItalianConstitution.Theyfought thisissuebydirectpropaganda tothepeopleandinthedeliberationsoftheConstitutionframingsub-committee;morerecentlytheymadetheirlaststand intheConstituentAssembly.

Red"VolteFace."

PREMIERDEGASPERI:

"MaytheCommonFatherprotecttheHaWinnation!"

Manymonthsafterthestart ofthecampaignitisatlast beingrecognisedinsecularpress thattheSovietisdirectlyhelpingandinstigatingitsagents tocaptureItalyforCommunism.

Inthe"SundayTimes"(March 30),CliffordHulme,writing fromWashington,saysthatthe UnitedStatesmilitaryintelligencedocuments,justreceived inthecapital,reportthatMoscowhasinstructedtheItalian Communistleader,PalmiraTogliatti,topreparetotakeover thepresentGovernment"when conditionswarrant."

"Themilitaryagents,"adds thecorrespondent,"further claimedtohavelearnedthatTogliattihasbeenprovidedwitha fundequivalentto£2,500,000, organisingtheplantingof agentsinallembassiesaswellas traningCommunistsforworkin SpainandPortugal."

Pope'sWarning.

Ifthischronologyiscorrect, itmeansthattheU.S.military intelligenceiswellbehindthe HolySeeinitsdiscoveries,for thePopehimselfwarnedtheItalianpeopleseveralmonthsago thatthesuddencampaignof

Lastweekcametheendofthe struggle,accompaniedbywhat, atfirstglance,seemsastartling "volteface"bytheCommunist Party.OnMarch4,theAssemblyapprovedtheinclusionof thePactsintheConstitutionby amajorityof201,andtheCommunistsvotedwiththe"ayes" alongsidetheChristianDemo.

Thencamearevealingstate ment.Claimingthatmany membersoftheCommunist PartywereCatholics,hesaid: "Tosolvetheproblemofthe LateranPactsitisnecessaryto knowtheChurch'sopinion,for theChristianDemocratscannot haveamonopolyofItalianCatholics."

Hewentontosaythatthe Church'sopinioncouldbefound invariousarticlesinthe"OsservatoreRomano,"whichmadeit clearthatArticle1 (admitting thePactstotheConstitution) would,ifrejected,deeplydisturb thecountry'sreligiouspeace.It wasonthebasisofthesedocuments,whichexpressedthe Church'spointofview,thatthe Communistshaddecidedtovote fortheArticle,heconcluded.

Togliatti'sexplanationmerely meansthat,recognisingthatthe Pactswouldbevotedintothe Constitutioninanycase,helent thesupportofhispartyasa methodofextendinghisinflu enceamongtheCatholicpopulation,foritisunfortunatelytrue thatmanyItalianCatholicssupportCommunismThereislittledoubtthatTogliatti,takinga long-termview,usedthisartifice alsoasameansofgainingfor theCommunistsareputationfor religioustoleranceandtogive colourtothebeliefthatreligion

ThePremierendedwitha warmtributetotheHolyFather forhisdefenceoftheweakwithoutdistinctionofcreed."May theCommonFatherprotectthe Italiannation,"heconcluded amidcheers.

TheCommonMan(Qualan quists)Partywishedtohavea statementinsertedintheConsti4tutionassertingthattheCatholicreligionwas"theofficialreli gionoftheRepublic."Theoppositionpartiestriedhardto havethepositionoftheLateran Pactswatereddownbyvarious amendments.SignorNenni, theSocialistleader,rejectedthe Pactsonthegroundsthatthey containedseveralprovisionsunacceptabletoa"layState"and heaccusedtheChristianDemocratsoftakingthestandatthe dictationoftheVaticanandCa tholicAction.

46\000,000peopledeclaredthem selvesCatholics.Finally,he assuredtheAssemblythatreligiousminoritieswouldreceive fullguaranteesoflibertyand equalityandneednotfearpersecution.

TheHolyFatherwarnedtheItalianpeople monthsagothatthecampaignofpornography coupledwiththedirectattackontheChurchwas beingfinancedfromforeignsources.

craticParty,DemocrticLabour andtheMazzinianRepublicans.

Togliatti'sexplanationofhis party'ssuddenchangeofpolicy madeobvioushistacticalplan. Hedeclaredthatitwasonlyon religiouspeacethattheunityof theproletariatcouldbemaintainedandthecountryrebuilt.

"Theworkingclassdoesnotwant schismforreligiouscauses,"he added."Wemustavoideverythingnecessarytoavoidafight betweenSocialists,Communists andChristianDemocrats."

inItalywouldbesafefundamentallyevenunderaCommunist regime.

SignordeGasperisolemnly warnedtheAssembly:"Ifwe vote`no,'wemayopenawound inItaly'sbatteredbody,andI donotknowwhenitwould heal."HedeclaredthatArticle 7consolidatedtheRepublican regime,whichwouldbeendangeredbyareligiousstruggle.At the1931census,hepointedout, morethan45,000,000ofItaly's

NativesofBougainvilleStarving

IneffectiveAdministration.

Mgr.HannanRepliestoMr.Ward

"Imakethesedisclosuresmore insorrowthaninanger-asan Australian,notasamissionary," saidMgr.Hannan,inurgingthe FederalGovernmenttorushfood suppliestosavethenativeswho aredyingofhungeratBougain ville.

AGovernmentwhichhad spentthousandsofpoundsduringthewarrescuingonestrandedairmancouldeasilyallocatea flightoftransportplanestofly thefoodacrosstosavethelives ofthousandsofnatives,hecontended.

Mgr.Hannan,formerNational DirectorofPropagationofthe Faith,isnowamissionaryin theSolomons.

MorenativeshaddiedinBougainvilleinthelast18monthsunderAustralianrule-thanduringthewar,hestated.

SincetheJapscapturedthe islandearlyin1942,8,000natives hadperished-aboutone-quarter ofthetotalpopulation.More than4,000haddiedsinceAugust,1945.

"Icanvouchforthefigures onthenumberofdeathsbecause theyareshowninarecentCatholiccensusofthenativepopulation,and85-90percent.are Catholics."

Mgr.Hannanexplainedthat Bougainvillenormallysupported 36,000,withimportsofrice.For

nearlythreeyears,whilethe Japswerethere,theislandsupported90,000. Allthegardenshadbeendestroyed,everyclearinghadbeen bombed.ThenativeshaddeclaredwarontheJapsandabandonedtheirgardensandtheir villagestohelptheAlliedcampaign.

Mgr.Hannansaidheattended aconferenceofsixnativechiefs lastBoxingDay.Thechiefs hadpointedoutthattheyhad foughttheJapsalonelongbeforetheAmericansandAustralianshadreturnedtoBougainville.

PointedQuestion.

Duringthewar,thechiefs said,theyhadwelcomedthe AustraliansandAmericansas allies,andhadriskedtiterlives manytimestocontactthem.A gratefulAustralianGovernment haddecoratedthemwithmedals

"Aren'ttheyinterestedinour bodies,nowthewarisover?" onechiefaskedhim.

Eitherwelackedmenofa calibrefreetoadministerthese territorieswithanoverallpopulationoftwomillionnatives,or wedidn'tthinkitworthwhile sendingthem. Thesituationwasprobably worstintheSolomonsbecause theywerefarthestawayandhad thebitterestfighting.Buthe haddiscovered,onrecentvisits, thatthesituationwasmuchthe samenNewIrelandandparts ofNewGuinea.

"Everyoneintheislandsknows thesadlackofeffectiveadministration,eveninsuchelementarymattersaskeepingthepeoplealive.

"Oneofthemaintroublesis thatwehavemorethanourrationofanthropologistsandother 'ologists,whosemainpurposein lifeseemstobe'Lendmeyour ears.'"

"Sun"SupportsMgr.Hannan. DisclosuresmadebyMonsignorJamesHannanregardingconditionsatBougainvillearedeeplydiscreditabletoCanberra. ItisthedutyoftheFederal Governmenttorushfoodsuppliestotheisland,andtransport planesforthispurposeshould immediatelybemadeavailable. AGovernmentthatclaimsrights innativeterritorymustnot neglecttheresponsiblitiesof trusteeship.

-"Sun-Pictorial"leader,April 2,supportingMgr.Hannan's disclosures.

ImmediateActionPromised.

TheMinisterforExternalTer. ritories(Mr.Ward)promised immediateinquiriesintostate.

mentsbyMgr.Hannan,aSydneymessageinthe"Sun"of April3stated.

"Wedon'twantanymore Governmentexpertscoming acrosstoconductinvestigations. Wewantafewtransportplanes togetfood,nowinCairns, acrosstosavethestarvingnatives."

ThusMgr.Hannancommented onMr.Ward'spromise.

AnorignalprovisionofArticle 7givingreligiousgroupsthe rightoforganisation"aslongas theydonotconfletwithItalian TOGLIATTI, law,"wastransferredtoArticle ItalianCommnuistleader:"The14,tobedebatedlater. ChristianDemocratscannothave FalseReport. amonopolyofItalianCatholics."Despitethisvictoryforthe ChurchinItaly,wonwiththe "help"oftheCommunists,the propagandacampaignagainst theChurchcontinues,although inmoresubtleform.Thelatestmanifestationwasareporta fewdaysagoinaRomeevening papertotheeffectthatdiplomatsaccreditedtotheVatican "aretakingstepswiththeappro priateauthoritiestostudythe possibilityoftheRomanCuria transferringoutsideItalyinthe eventofseriousworlddisturbances."VaticanRadioimmediatelyannouncedthatthereport waswithouttheslightestfoundationandthattheHolySee wouldnotevenconsiderthepossibilityofsuchamove.

Itmayberecalledthatduringtheheightofthewarfare againsttheVatican.Communist andotherLeftleadersdeclared theirconvictionthattheHoly SeeshouldleaveRome.

&meet9

"H Hews

'Thefakei

Onecanimaginetheexcitementindaysgone bywhenthecoachesclatteredtoahaltatthe oldLakesInn,forthiswasthehalf-wayhouse betweenPerth,YorkandNortham.Itwas therecognisedstoppingplaceforhorseteams. andfarmersofthedistrictmetheretoexchange produceforothergoods.Later,thelicence wastransferredfromtheLakesInnto Chidlows,afterwhichtheoldinnwasused asaprivateresidence.Withitshistoric backgroundandrelicsofconvictdays,itis toberegrettedthatthepicturesqueoldLakes Inn,builtfromstone,andwithashingled roof,isnowlargelyinruins.

Publishedasatributetoourpioneersbythe SwanBreweryCompanyLimited,makersof SwanLager.

OURCATHOLICSCHOOLSANDCOLLEGES

LoretoConvent"Osborne"-Claremont BOARDINGANDDAYCOLLEGE.

TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducationonmodernlinesinall branchesofstudy.Thepupilsarepreparedforallexaminations.TheSchoolisbeautifullysituatedbetweenOceanand River,inextensivegrounds,withfineplayingfieldsandprivate SwimmingPoolinRiver.

Telephone:F2136. Apply-MOTHERSUPERIOR.

mileAWHILE

Customer:"Adozenboxesof matches,please."

Shopkeeper:"Excusemymentioningit,butyouseemtobe buyingalotofmatcheslately. Youhadadozenlastweek."

Wednesday,April30,1947.

ItwasBankHolidayandBert, thefarmlabourer,haddonned hisbestclothesfortheoccasion, andhadalsoputonhisnewlyacquiredboots.

Whileparadingthevillage,he metthelocalpostman.

"Gosh,Bert,"saidthelatter, "yedolooksmartan'all.But whydidyegetsuchbighoots?" Bertlookeddownatthem proudly.

SACREDHEARTHIGHSCHOOL

HIGHGATE-PERTH

(ConductedbytheSistersNotreDameDesMissions). BOARDINGANDDAYSCHOOLFORGIRLS.

Pupilsr-eparedAllExaminations

JUNIORHIGHSCHOOL,HaroldStreetEntrance. AlsoatLEAROYDSTREET,MT.LAWLEY. ForProspectusapplyREV.MOTHERPRIORESS.

Theme:B3810.

ST.ILDEPHONSUS'COLLEGE

NEWNORCIA

CONDUCTEDBYTHEMARISTBROTHERS.

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"Yes.Myhusbandisdeaf anddumb,andlatelyhe'staken totalkinginhissleep."

Thewomanwhohatedsmokingandsmokersfoundherselfin arailwaycarriageoppositean oldmanobviouslyenjoyinghis pipe.Shecouldnotresisttellinghimoftheevilsoftobacco.

"Itknocksyearsoffyourlife," shesaid."Justthinkofthat!"

"Well,madam,"repliedthe smoker,politely,"lookatmeneverbeenilladayinmylife. I'vesmokedregularlysince 1 wassixteen,andI'mseventy now.Whatdoyousayto that!"

"WhatdoIsay?"saidthe woman."Why,ifyouhadn't smokedyoumighthavebeen eightybynow!"

* *

Amanboughtahouseonthe boundaryseparatingRussia fromRumania,butwasuncertainwhichcountryitwasin,especiallyashereceiveddemand notesforratesfromtheofficials ofboth.

Asurveyoremployedtodeterminethequestionhadmuchdifficultyindoingso.However,six monthslaterhegavehisverdict.

"Thehouse,"hesaid,"isdefinitelyinRumania."

"ThankHeaven!"ejaculated theowner:"Icouldn'tpossibly standanotherRussianwinter."

Theyoungmanvisitingtheart gallerywithhissweetheartwas pleasedtonoticethattheyoung womanhadpausedbeforeone hugecanvasandwasregarding themasterpiecewithdeepconcentration.

"Likeit?"heaskedhopefully.

"Iwasjustwondering,"she observed,"howmanypiecesit wouldmakeifcutupintoajigsawpuzzle"

ItwasinMountStreet.W. atabout1.30a.m.,thattwoold schoolfellowswhohadbeendiningnoticedalittledogrunning aboutinthebewilderedway whichlostdogshave.

"Poorli'lfeller'slost,"commentedone."Pickhimupand seeifthere'sanameandaddress onhiscollar."

Therewas.Theaddresswas somewhereinWimbledon,but thenoblefellowsneverhesitated.Theydecidedthatthelost petshouldatallcostsberestoredtohissorrowingmistress.

Itwasalonganddrearydrive, butatlastthesulkytaxi-driver pulledupoutsideadarkened house.Muchknockingandringingbroughtthecaretakertothe door.

"Mrs.Kerjones?"yawnedthe functionary."Shedidlive'ere, butsheleftonMonday.She's gonetoliveinMountStreet,in theWest-end."

"DidyouhearthatJoanhad marriedaself-mademan?"

"Yes.Andnowshe'swishing he'demployedanarchitect."

a

Theyhadjustbeenmarried andwereabouttostartontheir honeymoon.Hewasembarrassedtoth3pointofforgetfulness, butmetthesituationexpertly.

"Why,Harry,you'vebought onlyoneticket,"reproachedthe bride.

"Justlikeme,dear."stammeredHarry;"alwaysforgetting myself."

* * * *

"No,"repliedthemother,"I don'tthinkIshallbuyawhistle formylittleboy,becausethe otherdayhenearlyswallowed one."

"Well,"saidtheinsistentsalesman,"wehavesomenicebass fiddlesIcouldshowyou."

"Onlycheesefordinnerto night?"

"Yes,dear.Whenthechops caughtfireandfellintothetart, Ihadtousethesouptoputthe flamesout."

*

Twomenwerediscussinga mutualacquaintance.

"Nicefellow,"saidone,"but haveyounoticedhowhealways letshisfriendspickupthedinnerbill?"

"Yes,"repliedtheother."He hasaterribleimpedimentinhis reach."

Captain:"Onemoremovement andtheboatwillgoover."

Passenger:"Isitsafeforme toturnmychewinggumfrom onesideofmymouthtothe other?"

Theroguebegantotalkfamiliarlytohiscounselbeforethe assembledcourt.Atlastthe counselbecameimpatient.

Counsel:"Sitdown,pleasesoonnobodywillknowwhichis therogueandwhichisthecounsel."

* * * *

FortuneTeller:"I'mafraid someoneveryneartoyouisgoingtobeverydisappointed.' Client:"I'mafraidyou'reright. I'vecomeoutwithoutany money."

* * * *

Passer-by(toJacky,whowas mountinghishorseonthewrong side):"Jacky!Whatareyouget- tingonthatsideofthehorse for?"

Jacky:"Well,sir,methinkit makesahorsetoolopsidedgettingonthesamesideevery time."

"Well,Jim,"hesaidinallseriousness,"'twassuchabargain. Theywerethreesizesbigger thanItake,butthesameprice."

"Withallyourtravelling abouttheworldIexpectyou'rea bitofalinguist?"

'IshouldjustthinkIam "Why,Icansay'Idon'tmind ifIdo,sir,'infifteendifferent languages."

*

Theshortsightedschoolmaster wasrapidlylosinghistemper.

"You,atthebackoftheclass. WhatwasthedateofthesigningofMagnaCarta?"

"Idon'tknow."

"Youdon't,eh?Well,let's trysomethingelse.Whowas BonniePrinceCharlie?"

"Idon'tknow!"

"Well,then,canyoutellme whattheGordonRiotswere?"

"Idon'tknow!"

"ItaughtthatlastFriday. Whatwereyoudoinglast night?"

"Iwasoutdrinkingwithsome friends."

Theschoolmastergaspedand hisfacewentalmostpurple."You havetheaudacitytostandthere andtellmethat!Howdoyou expecttopassyourexamination?"

"Well,Idon't.Yousee.I justcameintofixtheelectric light."

*

*

AbankerinKentuckywasin thehabitofwearinghishata gooddealduringbusinesshours, asinsummerthefliesusedhis baldpateforaparade-ground, andinwinterthecoldbreezes sweptoverit.

ANegroworkmaneachweek presentedachequeanddrewhis wages,andoneday,asheput hismoneyintoagreasywallet alreadybulgingwithnotes,the bankersaid: "Lookhere,Mose;whydon't youletsomeofthatmoneystay inthebankandkeepanaccount withus?"

TheNegroleanedtowardshire and,withaquizzicallookatthe banker'shat,answeredconfidentially: "Boss,I'sjes'afeared.You looklikeyouwasalwaysready togosomewhere."

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Thegolfclubgrouserwascomplainingbitterlyatthe-"nine teenth"aboutwormcastsonthe greens.Thecaptaincamein andwasimmediatelybuttonholed.

"Isn'tthisthetimeofyearto treatworms?"thegrouserasked.

"Yes,"wasthereply."What'll youhave?"

THECATHOLICANSWER

(ContinuedfromPage3.1

WhereistheAnglo-

,CatholicChurch?

"Anglo-Catholic,"Fremantle:

Ihaveadelightfullyquaintlittleletterfrom"Anglo-Catholic,"whichIamsurewillamuse mylisteners. Ishallreadit, therefore:

"Ihavebeenlisteningtoyour broadcastsnowforquitesome time,andthoughthereare 6 quitealotofthingswhich youtalkaboutthatIthinkis absoluterubbish,onething thereiswhichIwouldreally likeyoutogetsettledinyour mind. .%1IRO)I1NCatholics seemtobeobsessedwiththe ideathattheyaretheonlyCatholicsthatthereare.Well,it mightinterestyoutoknow thatImyselfamaCatholic.I belongtotheAnglo-Catholic Church,afaithwhichIam

tiP veryproudtoacknowledge."

A.:Well,"Anglo-Catholic," youarerefreshinglycandid,if notexactlypolite.ButIhave neverheardbeforethatthereis anAnglo-CatholicChurch. 1 haveheardofAnglicansormembersoftheChurchofEngland callingthemselves"Anglo-Catholics,"butIhaveneverheardof Stovesrelinedortradedinon LatestGasorWoodStoves,W.A. Stoves.B6307.

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aChurchofthatname.Whois itshead?Whatdoctrinesdoes itteach?Whatformofworshipdoallitsmembersfollow? Youknowgivingyourselfa namedoesnotmakeyouthe thingthenamestandsfor.If youcalledyourselfakangaroo, atiger,orevenanass,It wouldnotmakeYouone.Would it?Yousay:

"AllRomanCatholicsseemto beobsessedwiththeideathat theyaretheonlyCatholics." A.:Howcouldtheybeotherwise?Sinceitistheplain truth.TheonlyCatholicor universalChurchisthatgovernedbythePope,theVicarof Christ,andtheBishopsincommunionwithhim,thesuccessors oftheApostles.Sheiscatholic indesire,forshehasatall timesendeavouredtofulfilthe commandofChristtoteachall nations;sheiscatholicsocially, becausesheisnotconfined whollyorchieflytoasinglepeople;shebelongsnottoanynation,buttotheworld;shecounts hermembersineverystationof life,thepoorandtheilliterate aswellasmeneminentinevery calling,statesmen,scientistsand writers;andsheisalsonumericallycatholic.Herfollowing numbersabout400millions,and farexceedsthatofanyother Christiandenomination.

Butyoucontinue,"Anglo-Catholic": "ThewordCatholicmeans universal,asyouknow,andto provethisinoneinstance.I referyoutotheCreed.In onepartofit,itsays:'IbelieveintheHolyCatholic Church.'Pleasedon'tthink foronemomentthatthat phrasereferstotheRoman CatholicChurch.Ifyoudo thinkthis.Iadviseyouto thinkagain."

.\.:IamafraidthemoreI think,themoreIamsurethat itdoesrefertothatChurchtheOneTrueChurch-whichhas itscentreintheSeeofPeterat Rome.WhenthePopeand CouncildrewuptheCreedand gaveittoustobefirmlybelievedbyall,thiswaswhatthey hadinmind,thatwemustfirmly believeintheonetrueChurch foundedbyJesusChristonSt Peter,andtobegovernedbyhislawfulsuccessorsuntiltheend oftime.WhenPopeGregory theGreatsentSt.Augustine andhismonkstoconvertEnglandtoChristianity,hegave themthechargetoteachthis CreedandtobelieveintheOne TrueChurchofwhichhe,the Pope,wastheHead.Forhundredsofyearstherewasnomore loyalandfaithfulChurchtothe HolySeeofPeterthanthegreat EnglishChurch;itwasnotuntil thesixteenthcenturythatthe greedofevilmentorethat Churchfromitsobediencetothe Popeandseparteditfromthe HolyCatholicChurch.

Youconcludeyourletter,"Anglo-Catholic,"asfollows:

"BeforeIclose,thereisjust onemorequestionIwouldlike toputtoyou.Couldyou pleasetellmeanypartofthe BritishEmpirewhichhasa majorityofRomanCatholics?" A.:ActuallythegallantGeorge CrossislandofMaltaistheonly otherportionoftheBritish EmpireoutsideofIreland,where Catholicsareinthemajority. ButintheBritishEmpireasa wholethereare201millionsunderthespiritualauthorityof thePope;inotherwords,the CatholicChurchoutnumbersany otherChristiandenomination takensingly.

TheIndexAReasonableGuide

"CatholicListener,"Nedlands: `IamoftenatalosstoexplainwhytheCatholicChurch restrictsourlibertyinreadinganybookwewantto.Is thereanyjustificationforthe Church'sattitudetowardsthe censorshipofbooks?

A.:Weareallnaturallyinclinedtoresentrestrictions.

Everylawis,inonewayoranother,arestrictionofhumanliberty,butwerealisethatsomeof theserestrictionsareforour ownorforthecommongood.

Everythinkingmanwilladmit thattherearebooksofafilthy anddebasingcharacter,the readingofwhichisforbiddenby theNaturalLaw.However,in thatcaseamanfeelsthatheis beingguidedbyhisownjudg-

ment,bythedictatesofhis ownconscience,andheismore readytoaccepttherestriction. Inthecaseofecclesiasticalcensorship,amanseeshimselfdependentuponandrestrainedbyhumanauthority.Moreoverat timestheprovisionsofecclesiasticallawinthismattergobeyondwhatisprescribedbythe naturallaw.Humanlawisuni versalinitsprovisionsandobligesevenwhen,forsubjective orpersonalreasons,naturallaw wouldnotbindtheindividual. Stillthoughtheymayattimes beirksome,theIndexLawsof theChurchconstituteaperfect- lyreasonableguidanceforthe faithful,infact,wemaysaytheyaremorallynecessaryandextremelyuseful.

Itshouldbeclearthatinour (laystherehardlyexistsagreat- erdangertpfaithandmorals thanwhatmightbecalledthe literarydanger.Nowitisabsolutelynecessaryforthegoodof theindividualthathisfaithand moralshesafeguarded.Hence thoseauthoritieswhohavethe dutyofprotectingthefaithand moralsoftheirsubjectsmust makeprovisionagainstthedangerofabadpress.Thecensorshiplawsareoneofthe meansthatareusedforthispurpose.

Youcanseethecogencyof thislineofargument,ifyouconsideranumberofanalagous cases.Thefatherisobliged tokeephischildawayfromhad andcorruptcompanions;the publicauthoritiesareboundto protectthecommunity,bystern measureswhichrestrictthelibertyofthesubjectinsomecases, fromepidemicsandinfectious maladies;theStateandthepolicerightlyputrestrictionson thesaleofpoison.Inthesame waythecompetentecclesiastical authoritiesintheirpropersphere claimtherighttoprotectthe faithfulbyappropriateprecautionsfromthepoison,theclan. gerofinfection,thecorruption springingfrombadbooksand writings

CatholicisminJapan

"Circulus-InProbando,"FremantleSouth:

"1.WhatistheCatholicpopulationofJapan?Andhasthere everbeenaCardinalcreated within?"

A.:Justbeforethewarthe CatholicpopulationofJapan numbered283,491souls.There hasneverbeenaCardinalmade there.

"2.QuiterecentlyIlearned thatareputableCatholicofficiatedasbestmanataweddingnotofhisdenomination. Aredispensationsgranted,or wasFejustdepartingfrom thetrueprecinctsofScrip- turalteachings? Idouot wishtomisjudgehim.You wouldheabletoclarifythe position."

A.:Itisstrictlyforbiddenby CanonLawforaCatholicto takepartasawitnessinamarriageinanon-Catholicchurch. Nobishopwoutdevergranta dispensationfromthislaw.

SEXANDSALES.

InotewithpleasurethestatementofDr.Kiernan,EireMinistertoAustralia,madebefore theParliamentaryStandingCommitteeonBroadcasting.He said:"Alargeamountofsuccessfuladvertisingisbasedon variousformsofdecency."

Governmentsasguardiansof thecommongoodhaveanexpresseddutytosuppressindecentadvertising.Thephilosophyofsexandsaleshasfar fromrunitsdegeneratecourse. Itsonlylimitsintheabsenceof strongGovernmentwatchfulness aresetbyhowmuchthepeople willtakeofit.Withpublic moralityatanall-timelow,it bidsfairatthemomenttoenjoy ahighboom.

Christianscandoagreatdeal forthecauseofdecencyinadvertisingby discriminating stronglyinfavourofmodestly advertisedproducts.

Onemayhavedifficultyindeed indiscovering,say,asoaponthe marketthatisnotsoldtoyou bysomenear-nudegirlfromthe pagesofournewspapers.However,thereareoneortwosuch brands.Therewouldsoonbe manyifclean-mindedpeople cleansedtheirbodieswithsoaps whicharenotsold"dirty."

OurLady'sOwnMonth

WeallloveMaybecauseitis OurLady'sveryownmonth. Youknow-orhaveyouforgotten?-thatinpagandaysour ancestorshonouredapagangoddess--Mai.Feastsandcelebrationswereheldatthistimeof theyear;itwassummerinthe northlands.

Christianitymadethismonth OarLady's,andflowerswere gatheredtocrownherQueenof theMay.Thepaganfestivals becameChristian.TheChurch alwaysallowedthepeopleto keeptheirgamesandfestivalsbutwiththepaganpartsleft out.TheChurchblessedthe holidaysandfeastsandgames andplays.

EverydayinMayisOurLady's day-ourMother'sDay.InAmerica,aSundayinMaywas calledMothers'Day,andyoung peoplewereurgedtoremember

MAY!

thevases.BuildyourlittleMay altar.Youunderstanditisnot reallyanaltar.Analtaristhe tableofsacrifice;Massissaid atthealtar.YourlittleMay "altar"isreallyalittleshrine; wesometimescallitan"oratory" becausewepraythere.

Welikebest,though,tosay "OurMaryaltar."EveryCatholicchildshouldhaveaMay altar.Ifspaceisscarce,have atleastasmallpictureofOur Ladyandonetinyvasesomewhereintheroomorintheflat.

Childrenwholiveincottages orhouses(happychildren)have plentyofroomandcanmakea nicelargealtar.WhenIwasa littlegirlIlivedinaQueenslandtownwhereeverybodyhad plentyofroom.Livingin "apartments"orflatswasunknown.Wehad"tons"ofroom insideandplentyofyardand gardenoutside.

Wewouldsecurealargepackingcase(ifatablewerenot available)anddrapeitwith clothsandcurtainstoourhearts' content.Thestatuefromour Mother'sroomwasplacedon thisstand,andvasesandcandle, added.The"altar"wasgenerallyinasmallhallatthetopof thehouse.

DearCornerites

LastweekIdidnotwriteto youatall;but,instead,youhad theprivilegeofreadinganaddresspreparedbyHisHoliness, thePope.

theirmothers,towritetothem ifawayfromhome,tovisitthem ifpossible.AsIhaveoften toldyou,the"MotheringSunday"oflongagowasaSunday inLent-"Mid-LentSunday," whenallyoungworkingpeople (awayfromhome)wereallowed thedaytogohometovisittheir mothers.Theseyoungworkers wereapprenticedandlivedin thehomesoftheiremployers.On MotherSundaytheywenthome, takingalittlepresentfor mother;andmothers(youmay besure)hada"nicedinner" readyfortheirchildren.

AladyinAmericaintroduced Mothers'DayinMay.Itisnot areligiousfeast.Ithasdone muchgoodinremindingpeople towritetoMother.Boysand girlssometimesputoffwriting forweeks theweeksturn intomonths.Poormothersare watchingthepostmanforthe lettersthatcomesorarely. Mothers'Dayremindsthesecarelessonestowriteortovisit theirmothers.Peoplewhoare punctualinwritingneednosuch reminder.

Thecommercialworld,of course,sawanopportunityto getpeoplebuyingpresentsfor Mothersandverysoon"Mothers' Day"wascommercialised.

ToCatholics,thewholeof MaybelongstoOurHeavenly Mother;andthosewholoveand honourOurLadywillneverbe wantinginloveandattentionto theirearthlymothers.Forothers -thosepoorpeoplewhodonot knowOurLady-Mothers'Day isaverygoodthing,asitremindsthemtodotheirdutyto theirmothers.

Iexplainallthistoyouonce again,sothatyouwillnotconfuseMothers'Dayandthinkit areligiousfeast.Ifyouwish towearawhitefloweron Mothers'Daythereisnothing againstit;but,ofcourse,Catholicsprefertoplacethewhite flowersofMayonOurLady's Oratory. MayAltar.

Oncebefore,Itoldyouofa dearlittlefriendofminewho usedtobringmechrysanthemums.Herfatherwasagardenerata"bighouse"nearthe river,andtherewereflowersin plentythere.Shewouldbring flowerstomeatschool.Iwould wrapthemindamppaperand stowthemawayinmylunch basket.(Youwouldn'tseea lunchbasketlikeminenow.It hadacurvedlidandfastened withalittlewooden"gadget.") IwasalwaysinfearthatSister MaryCatherinewouldconfiscate myflowersifshesawthem! Butsheneverdid.

I'mafraidIgaveovermuch thoughttoarrangingtheflowers andnotsomuchtosayingprayers.Becarefulaboutthat. Don'tbeworkingforabeautiful effectjusttohaveyouraltar lookingnice,andhavingfriendsandvisitorssaying:"Oh -isn'titsweet!Hasn't(your namehere)arrangeditbeautifully7"

TheflowersareforOurLady -nottoproveyourartisticabilityandnottopleaseyour friends.Seethepoint?Every flower,everypetalforOurLady. Noneforyouorthevisitors. Rosaries.

Thebestflowersofall-are rosaries.OfferOurLadya crownofroseseveryday.How?

Bysayingyourrosarycarefully, thoughtfully. Tinylittleactsofmortificationmakevioletsandforget-menotsanddaisiesforOurLady. LittleTheresewasalways"on thewatch"forlittleacts.Form thehabitwhileyouareyoung. Littleactsarelovely,seenfrom Heaven-lovelierthanourearthlyflowers.Ifyoupractiselittleactsoften,everyday,you willbeabletodobiggerones. Youwillgrowintoastrongwilledperson,abletosay"No" atthepropertimes;tosay"No" toyourselfwhenyouareinclined tobeselfish;tosay"No"to othersiftheyshouldwantyouto dosomethingwrong.Ifweare softwithourselves,ifweare "Yesgirlsandboys"withourselves,we'llgrowupsoftand weak-willed.Oncehabitsare formed,itishardtobreakthem whenwearegrown-up.So, formgoodhabitsnowandthey willgrowstringwiththeyears.

Getoutthebestlittlewhite cloth,washandironit;polish

(By"MiriamAgatha,"inthe MessengeroftheSacredHeart.)

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TheHolyFatherwasspeaking tothechildrenoftheworld,althoughhiswordswereaddressed tothechildreninAmerica.The graciousSovereignPontiff,whom yousawtalkinginformallyto childrenonthefrontpageof lastweek'sissueof"TheRecord,"hasalwayshadtheinterestsandwelfareofchildrenclose tohisheart. Ihopeyouread hiswordswithattentionandappreciationofhislovingsolicitude,andIhope,too,thatyou resolvedtodowhatyoucanto relievethesufferingsofthechildreninEurope.Inthefirst placeyoucanprayearnestlyfor them.Secondly,youcanput yourweightbehindthepresent appealthatisbeingconducted forthereliefofthedistressed peopleinBritain-forBritain, youwillremember,ispartof

Europe;andtheHolyFather certainlyincludesallsuffering children,wherevertheymaybe, inhisappealtoyourgenerosity. Manyschoolsareatpresentengagedincollectingfundsand foodandclothingfortheBritish FloodReliefAppeal.Doyour bitbyrespondingtothisappeal tothebestofyourability.

Now,thereisanothermatter 1 wanttotalktoyouaboutthis week,dearCorneritesandthat istheapproachingmonthofMay. May,youknow,isOurLady's month,andinallparishchurches therewillbespecialMaydevotions.Youmustnotneglectto joininthesedevotions,andin someplacesduringthemonth thebeautifulceremonyofcrowningMarytheQueenoftheMay willbeobserved.Youshould, wherepossible,takepartinthis simple,lovelyceremony,and thusdemonstratethatyouare trulyfilledwithtenderfeelings fortheMotherofGodandour Mother-Sincerely, AUNTBESSY.

anotherandbettertitle-Tales ofMotherGoose.

Thesecondwasoneofthe manygrandladieswholivedin FranceatthesametimeasPerrault.BynameshewasMadameD'Aulnoy.TheWhiteCat, TheYellowDwarf,Cinderella, andmanyothernurseryfavouriteswereshapedbyherpenfrom theearliertalesofStraparola. Thereweremanyotherladies who,aboutthistime,practised thedelightfulartofweaving fairytales,butastheyallborrowedthemfromthelittle-known writerwhopliedhispenbythe sparklingwatersofVenicea hundredyearsbeforethem,our thanksforthepleasureofthese oldtalesareperhapsmoredue tohim.

Let'sHaveaPoem "BIGMUCH."

AskMichaelhowheloveshis mother, Hisfather,sisteroreachbrother. Theneyesarelitwithfondest pleasure, Andarmsarestretchedtofullestmeasure, As,simply,truthfully,hecries, "BigMuch! Oo-oo!

BigMuch!"

Andinthesewordshiswhole affection Istoldwitheloquentperfection, Whichaddedpowerofwordand letter Inyearstocomewillneverbetter. -CharlesNilson.

/11.1IN

AuntBessy's -ILETTERBOX

GiftofStamps. UsedstampshavebeenreceivfromtheCollieConvent.

86Kalgoorlie-street, Mt.Hawthorn.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamreturningtheprickcardwith2/6 andwillyoupleasesendmea newore-Wehadagoodtime overtheEasterholidays,and nowwearebackatschool. I gotoSt.Mary'sC.B.C.,Leederville,andaminVI.standard.

From VINCENTSUTHERLAND

DearVincent,-Manythanks foryourletteranddonation. Youwill,nodoubt,belooking forwardtomoreholidaysshortly.Aren'tyoulucky.-Sincerely, AUNTBESSY.

4

Thedonkeyhasreasontobetheproudestofbeastsbecause OurLordrodeononeofhiskind.Butthislittlefellow doesn'tlookanytoopleased.Perhapsheistooyoungtoappreciatethegreathonourconferredonhisancestor.

THEYMADEHiStOr

No.2MonsieurPerraultandMadameD'Aulnoy

LastweekwesawthatGiovanniFrancescoStraparolawas thecreatorof"PussinBoots." Thisweekwemakementionof twootherfairy-storypeoplewho drewtheirinspirationdirectly fromStraparola. ThesetwolivedinFrancetowardstheendofthe17th.century.Atthattimethepleasant landofFrancewasnotedforits writersoffairytales.Itwas thenthatBlueBeard,LittleRed RidingHood,TheSleeping Beauty,BeautyandtheBeast, andmanyanotherofouroldfavouritesfirsttooktheformin whichweknowthem.

ThefirstwasaParisianbythe nameofCharlesPerrault.He

musthavebeenakindlyoldgentlemanthisMonsieurPerraultwhowasbusywiththeaffairsof State,beingtheofficialincharge oftheRoyalbuildings,anda memberofthegreatFrenchAcademy-tohavefoundtimeand delightintellinghisownchildrenthesecharmingstories,and writingthemdownforthechildrenoftheworld.Hewas nearlyseventywhenhisprincipalbookoffairystoriesappeared,andhemadebelievethestoriesweretoldbyoneofhisown children,whichwasonlyapretty deviceforcommendingthemto otheryoungfolk.Theproper titleofhisbookwasStoriesor TalesofPastTimes,butithad

DearAuntBessy,-Pleasefind postalnotefor10s.,tohelpon theBushies'fund.Wishingyou everysuccessthroughtheyear, withGod'sblessingsonyour goodwork.-Yoursverysincerely, M.T.B. DearFriend,-Myhumble thanksforyourgoodwishesand yourgenerosity.TheBushies areindeedluckytohavethesupportofstaunchfriendssuchas yourself.-Sincerely, AUNTBESSY.

AGRATEFULMOTHER. ItisdesiredtothankMRS. MORPHE1T,ofHinesHill,for forwardingadonationof108.is the%shies'CorrespondenceScheme.Themoneyhas beengratefullyreceived.

BUSHIES' CORNER