The Record Newspaper 19 February 1947

14.tisoStandstrialinAtmospherePrejudice

PopularRevulsionAgainstFarcical

LegalProceedings

CzechoslovakGovernment'sShiftyTactics

Thereisgreatconcernin SlovakiaaboutthetrialofMonsignorJosephTiso,particularly amongtheCatholics,whoconstituteapproximately80per cent.ofthepopulationofthat unfortunatecountry.

Duringmysojourntherefrom September22toNovember11, lastyear,Italkedwithmany citizensofeveryrankandfile invariouspartsofthecountry, andeverywhereIfoundthe samesentiment.Therewere fewdiscussionsbetweenusthat didnotincludediscussionsof thecomingtrialofMonsignor Tiso.

Iwasparticularlyastonished bythevastnumberofpeasants whobroachedthesubjectof MonsignorTisotome,especially sinceatnotimedidIevensuggtstthediscussionofhisimprisonment.Iavoidedthissubject,notbecausedidnothave anypersonalinterestinit,but becauseIrealisedIwasina foreigncountry,dominatedby antiCatholicelements,andbecauseIfearedthatmyinquiries andevidentinterestina"traitor"toCzecho-Slovakiamight bringsuspicionuponmewith direfulconsequences.

RoleofBenes.

WhenIarrivedinSlovakia duringthelatterpartofSeptember,Dr.EdouardBenes,presidentofCzechoSlovakia,was vacationinginTopolcany,atown inwesternSlovakia,whereseveralyearsprior.tothis,Dr. Tisohadalsofoundreliefand restfromhispresidentialduties.

ItwasallegedthatDr.Benes chosethisvacationresortparticularlyatthistimeinorderto testthereactionoftheSlovaks, andtofeelthesentimentofthe peopleregardingthepending trialofDr.Tiso.Herehewas visitedbyGovernmentofficials ofSlovakia,LutheranBishops, andotherguests,includingnews-

papermen.TheCatholicBis-theStateprosecutor.JurajSuhops,however,ignoredhispresencehere.

AmonghisvisitorsweremembersoftheSlovakNational Council,includingDr.JozefLettrich,presidentofthatbody, whowenttoAmericarecently, andwhoengagedinexpounding amongotherthings,theCzechoSlovakianviewpointofDr. Tiso'sguiltoftreason.

AtthisconferenceinTopolcany,inthepresenceoftheSlovakNationalCouncil,President BeneswasaskedtomakeastatementonthecaseofDr.Tiso. He.repliedthathehasalways saidthatDr.Tisomustbetried andcondemnedtodeath.He wasfurtherquestionedasto whetherhewouldpardonDr. Tisoifhewerecondemnedto death.

Dr.Benesrepliedthat hewouldnotpardonhimsince thedecisionofthePragueGovernmentwouldbehisdirective, andthatheisconvincedthatthe entireMinistry,withtheexceptionofitstwopriest-members, MonsignorJanSramekandthe Rev.JanHala,wouldvoteagainstapardonforDr.Tiso.

FarcicalTrial.

ItmustbenotedthatPresidentBenesmadethesestatementswhenJozefStyk,CommissionerofTechnicalEngineering forSlovakia,warnedhimthatif Dr.Tisowerecondemnedand puttodeaththemajorityofthe Slovakpeoplewouldriseagainst theC'zecho-SlovakianRepublic.

Thepresidingjudgeatthe trialofDr.TisoisDr.Daxner, aparalytic,whowasconfinedin prisonforseveralweeksbythe TisoGovernmentonachargeof contumacy.Heisdetermined toavengehisimprisonment,and hasonseveraloccasionspubliclymadethestatementthatwhen Dr.Tisoisbroughttotrialbeforehiscourthewillcondemn himtodeath.

Theappointmentandremoval ofmembersoftheNational CourtofSlovakiaiswithinthe poweroftheNationalCouncil. IrviewofthefactthatDr. Daxnerhasmadesuchastatement,andbecauseofhisaffliction.itiswithinthepowerof Dr.Lettrichtoremovehim fromofficeortoplacehimon pension.Itisageneralopinioninthehighestjudicialcircles ofSlovakiathatifDr.Daxner wereremovedfromthebench, Dr.Tisowouldnotbecondemnedtodeath.Itis.therefore, maintainedthatifhewerecondemnedtodeath,Dr.Lettrich willbeheldpersonallyresponsible.

BrokenAssurances.

WhenthedateofhisdepartureforAmericawaspublished, Dr.Lettrichwascriticisedin Slovakiancirclesforleavingat thistime,sinceitwasalready knownthatDr.Tisowouldsoon beputontrial.Dr.LettrichassuredthemembersoftheSlovakNationalCouncilthatthe trialwouldnotbeopeneduntil hisreturn,andyet,twodays afterhisdepartureforAmerica,

jan,begansummoningwitnesses.TheCatholicBishopsJan Vojtassak,ofSpis,andAndreas S'krabik,ofBanskaBystrica, werecalledforquestioningon November6,whileDr.Lettricl, wasonthehighseas. Atotalof113chargesare broughtagainstDr.Tisoaswell asagainstAlexanderMach,MinisterforInformation,andDr. FerdinandDurcansky,Foreign MinisterduringtheTisoregime, whowillbetriedwithhim,the latter"inabsentia."Thepenaltyforeachcountisdeath.11.e testimonycovers200pages.This testimonywasgatheredbiDr. Daxner,Dr.RasiaandDr.Stefanik,allofwhomareofthe1,u:heranfaith.

Theprincipalwitnessesagainstthethreedefendantsaretobe Germais,whoare'expectedto testifythatthetraitorousacts -bargedascommittedbythedefendantsagainsttheCzec.ho-SlovakRepublicwerenotmadeunderduressoftheHitlerGovernment.Itisamatterofrecord, however,thatthecommanderof theHitlerGestapoinNitre,Slovakia,andseveralGermangeneralsrepeatedlycametoArchbishopKarolKmetko,ofthatcity, andaccusedhimofnotgiving moralassistancetotheGerman

armyinAugust,1944.They alsodemandedthattheBishops ofSlovakiaissueajointpastoral againsttheSlovakinsurrectionistsandagainstRussianBolshevism.Thisdemandwasnever compliedwith.

OpenPrejudice.

Theprejudicialatmosphere surroundingthetrialofDr.Tiso canbeatbejudgedfromthefollowing:Dr.BarnabasLojek,defenceattorneyforDr.Tiso,was apprehendedwithoutcauseby thepolice,heldforquestioning andwasforced,byintimidation, tosurrenderhisposition.

OnAugust20-23oflastyear, anationalconferenceofthe Evangelical(Lutheran)Church oftheAugsburgConfessionwas heldinRuzomberok,Slovakia,at which140Lutheranministers andtwoBishopswerepresent.

MONSIGNORTISO headedapopularregime.

AtthismeetingBishopSam.St. Osuskyisquotedashavingspok enasfollows:"Itisafactthat themajorityoftheSlovakna-

tionisembitteredbythepresentmassmurderswhichthe peoples'courtsandthenational courtareguiltyofcommitting. Bythisconditionswillnotbe consolidated."

ThisconferenceresolvedtoappealtoallLutheranstorelinquishtheirpositionsasjudges andplaintiffs.BishopOsusky continued:"Dr.Ratica,aCatholic,wastobeCommissionerof Justice,butEvangelist(Lutheran)Dr.Stefanikwasnamedinstead.Thisviolatedthepact madebetweentheCatholicsand theDemocraticParty.Dr.Raticaexpressedhimselfthatunder hisCommissionershipofJustice, Dr.Tisocouldnotbetried.CatholicStaterepresentativesand Catholicjudgesareresigningand ourEvangelists(Lutherans)are takingtheirplaces.Letnotour peopletakethesepositions."

BishopOsuskytoldDr.Stefanik,CommissionerofJustice. thatEvangelistsshouldnottry Dr.Tisoandhispeople,because inLiptovskySv.Mikulasleaflets werecirculated,onwhichthefollowingwasinscribed:"Lutheran rabbleistryingourpeople."The leafletwassigned:"Partisansof Dr.JozefTiso."

MonsignorJosephTiso,former,PresidentoftheSlovkik Republic,nowfacing113charges,eachofwhichcarriesthedeath sentence,is59yearsold,andisthesonofruggedSlovaks, who,bytrade,weremeatdealers.Asayouth,Dr.Tisoexcelled inlearning.TheHungarianlanguagewasthencompulsoryin Slovakia.Hemastereditfaultlessly,aswellashisnativeSlovak,andwasparticularlyadeptatlanguages,speakingandwritingalsoLatinandGermanexcellently.

Calledtothepriesthood,hestudiedattheAugustinianSem- inary,Vienna.Hebecameagreatadmirer,andlatercollaborator,ofthegreatSlovakpatriot,MonsignorAndrewIllinka.He wasassignedbyhisBishopaschaplainandalsoasdirectorof variousCatholicschools.Heisthefounderofacollege.

WhentheCzecho-Slovakrepublicwascreatedhehadthe choiceofsidingwiththenewgovernorsofthecountry,orof strugglingwithHlinkaandtheSlovaksforSlovakianantonomy, Hechosethelatter.HewassenttotheCzecho-SlovakParliament.Atthetimethefree-thinkersenergeticallyattackedre- ligion,hestaunchilydefendedtheChurch.

In1926,whenHlinka'sPartywasinvitedtojointheCoalitionGovernment,Dr.TisowaschosenMinisterofHealthofthe newregime.Inthatcapacityhefoundedmanyhospitalsand sanatoria.

In1937hevisitedtheUnitedStatesasadelegateoftheSocietyofSt.Adalbert,leadingSlovakculturalorganisation.

In1938theCzecho-SlovakParliamentvotedautonomytoSlovakiaandCarpatho-Ruthenia,andDr.Tisobecametheheadof autonomousSlovakia.

In1939Dr.TisowassummonedtoBerlinbyHitler.After consultinghisconfreresoftheautonomousGovernment,hewent. HewasgiventhealternativeofheadinganindependentSlovakianrepublicorseeingthecountryturnedovertoanaliengovernment.

ReturningtoSlovakia,heagainconsultedwithotherofficials, anditwasdecidedtoacceptthealternativeofarepublic.The newGovernmentwasrecognisedbysome27countries,including theSovietUnion.

ForsixyearsDr.TisocontinuedattheheadoftheGovernment,inthemosttumultuousperiodoftheGreatWar.

MonsignorTiso,duringhisofficiallife,continuedtobethe pastorofhisparishatBanovce,functioningastheparishpriest onmostSundays.Healsoatonetimewasco-editorofCatholicpublications.

HisBishopspeaksoftheunimpeachablecharacterofthe man.TheinhabitantsofthecapitalcityofCzecho-Slovakiasaw himmanytimes.Aspresidentoftheshort-livedSlovakRepublic,hewalkedthestreetsofBratislavawithoutabody-guard. Forgettingtheirpresentmisery,thepeoplegloryto-dayinspeak- ingwiththegreatestemotionofthefreedom,peaceandprosper- itywhichwastheirsundertheTisoregime,whiletherestof theworldwasinturmoil.Theycalledtheircrown-thecurrencyunit-the"DanubianDollar,"andtheircountrytheycalled another"Switzerland"or"LittleAmerica."AnAmericanvisitorrelatesthat,whenhewasinSlovakia,strangerscametohim, somewithtearsintheireyes,begginghimtoaskAmericato save"ourbelovedpresident,Dr.JosephTiso."

Makeyourownaccessories frommaterialsofferingin Foy'snew

belts,dress trimmings,cushions,table centres,etc.,atveryreasonableprices.Youwillfindthese materialsdelightfullyeasyto makeupandtheresultswill thrillyou.

Feltisanotherexcitingmediumthatoffersunlimited scopeforyouringenuity.Itis onsaleinFoy'sHomecraft Sectioninmanylovelycolours. Hereisagrandopportunityfor youtosavemoneybymaking yourownChristmasgiftsthis year.'

ConventofMercy,Coolgardie

EXAMINATIONRESULTS, 1946.

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE.

LucyStarcevich:Sixsubjects.

JUNIORCERTIFICATE.

WilmaBaker:Eightsubjects.

'JoanDunstan:Sixsubjects.

BethelWilliams:Sixsubjects.

FayCruickshank:Fivesubjects.

MargaretTurner(adding): Threesubjects.

COMMERCIALRESULTS.

NewtonBusinessCollege.

Bookkeeping:

AccountanceI.:M.Turner.

Intermediate:R.Lowe.

Junior:M.Mullins,T.Chellew, C.Cullen,M.Wilson,P.Mitchell, F.Doulas,NBaker Shorthand:

Advanced:M.Turner.

Intermediate:S.Nolan.

Stott'sBusinessCollege.

Typewriting:

GradeI.:M.Turner.

GradeII.:S.Nolan.

Grade P.Barker,'F.Doulos.

ALLIANCEFRANCAISE.

Grade111.:M.Vinneir,P.Orr, B.McDonald,B.Martin.

MUSICANDARTOFSPEECH RESULTS-1946.

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

DiplomaofAssociate:P.Orr, A.Mus.A.,16years.

GradeI.:M.Vinneir.

GradeII.:G.Cullen.

GradeIII.-Credit:W.Barker.

GradeV.-Honours:B.Scahill, 88;L.Pettit,88;S.Davey,88; P.Zeigler,85.Credit:B.Smith, D.Greygoose,J.Paris,81.Pass: M.O'Callaghan,R.Matthews.

GradeVI.-Credit:D.Smith, E.Jones.

Preparatory:D.Walls,89;M. Berrett,76. VIOLIN.

Grade11.-Credit:P.Orr,81.

GradeIV.-Credit:P.Mitchell. F.Doulos.

MUSICALPERCEPTION.

GradeIII.:F.Cruickshank,B. McDonald.

ARTOFSPEECH.

GradeII.-Honours:P.Barker.93.Credit:M.Vinneir,M. Turner.

GradeIII.-Credit:S.Nolan, H.Smith.

GradeTV.-Honours:P.Mitchell.

GradeV.-Credit:J.Paris,M. O'Callaghan,M.Mullins.

GradeVI.-Honours:E.Kahner,90.Credit:S.Anderson.

GradeII.,PaperWork.-Credit:P.Barker,M.Turner.Pass: M.Vinneir

TRINITYCOLLEGEOF

MUSIC.

DiplomaofAssociate:P.Orr, A.T.C.L.

HigherLocal.-Merit:B.Martin,81(awardedaCertificateof "SpecialMerit"forsuccessin alldivisions).

Senior.-Merit:P..Mitchell.

Intermediate.-Honours:M. Jones.

Junior.-Honours:E.Kahner.

AdvancedPreparatory.-Honours:B.Scahill.Merit:P.Patience.

Preparatory.-Merit:M.Frank, A.Lindley. FirstSteps.-Honours:E. Jones.Merit:F.McKeaig,J.

Wall.

Initial.-Honours:F.Starr,L. Bow,C.Mullins.Merit:L.Paul. ARTOFSPEECH.

HigherLocal.-Honours: P. Barker. Senior.-Merit:P.Mitchell.

PERTH

489

Intermediate.-Honours:H.

Smith.Merit:S.Nolan,M.

Turner. Junior.-Honours:J.Paris,90; E.Perham,M.Mullins.Merit: M.O'Callaghan.Pass:P.Hallinan.

AdvancedPreparatory.-Merit: E.Kanner,82;S.Anderson,80.

Preparatory.-Honours:B. Scahill.Merit:J.Hocking.

FirstSteps.-Honours:R.Matthews.

VERSESPEAKINGCHOIRS.

SeniorDivision.-Honours:89. JuniorDivision.-Honours:90.

PreparatoryDivision.-Merit: 82.

THEORETICAL.

December,1945-June,1946.

Intermediate.-Honours:P. Mitchell,90.

AdvancedJunior.-Honours:E. Kahner,100;M.Mullins,97;L. Seymour,95;C.Cummins,88. Merit:E.Perham.

Junior.-Honours:L.Pettit, 99;J.Paris,98;F.Doulos,95; M.O'Callaghan,92;P.Zeigler, 93;S.Anderson,91;B.Scahill, 89;H.Smith,86.

Preparatory.-Honours:E. Jones,99;J.Davison,98;P. Davies,96;W.Cullen,89;B. Smith,86;P.Patience,86;C. Trotman,85.

FirstSteps.-Honours:E. Jones,100;M.Frank,100;P. Pigdon,100;J.Hocking,100;M. Baker,96;M.Anderson,96;F. McKeaig,90;W.Smith,86;A. Lindley,85;W.Greygoose,86; E.Lockley,85.Merit:R.Matthews.

STATEMEDALAWARDS,1945

PreparatoryElocution:J. Paris,91.

JuniorTheory:E.Kahner,100.

LOCALCENTREPRIZES,1945.

HigherLocalPianoforte:P. Orr,89.

SeniorElocution:P.Barker, 90.

AdvancedJuniorTheory:T. Chellew,98;M.Mullins,97. JuniorTheory:E.Kahner,100; L.Pettit,99.

PreparatoryElocution:J.Paris, 91.

FirstStepsTheory:E.Jones, 100.

InitialPianoforte:E.Jones,89

STATEMEDALISTSANDLOCALCENTREPRIZEWINNERS.

Local

PATSYBARKER (16Years).

GradeII.ArtofSpeech (93marks),awardeda UniversityExhibition.

GradeII.PaperWork (80marks).Higher LocalElocution(Honours,85marks).

BackRow(lefttoright):MavisMullins(Adv.JuniorTheory); PatsyBarker(SeniorElocution);FayCruickshank(Senior Pianoforte);MaryVinneir(Adv.IntermediateTheory);PatriciaOrr(Higher

Pianoforte);ThelmaChellew(Adv. JuniorTheory).

FrontRow:PatsyZeigler(FirstStepsTheory);JanetteParis, StateMedal(PreparatoryElocution);ElizabethJones(InitialPianoforteandFirstStepsTheory);LorrainePetitt (JuniorTheory);flysKahner,StateMedal(JuniorTheory).

PATRICIAORR(16years).

Successesfor1946:-University ofW.A.:A.Mus.A.Diploma.

TrinityCollege:A.T.C.L.Diploma.GradeII.Violin(81 marks).

(Lefttoright): FAYCRUICKSHANKand MARYVINNEIR, WinnersofW.A.HardcourtJuniorChampianshipDoubles. 11:tRYVINNEIR:Winneret ChampionshipSingles,under16 years;alsoLadies'ChampionshipSingles.

TalltextofPrimate'sCensoredStatementon

ThePolishelectionswhichtookplaceonthe19th.ult., wereprecededbyBritishandU.S.protestsagainstofficialmethodsofintimidation.Subsequentlyboththe U.K.GovernmentandtheUnitedStatesdeclinedtoaccepttheoverwhelmingvictoryofthe"PolishGovernment"asfulfillingthesolemncontractthatfree,unfetteredelectionswouldbeheld,andthereforeassumedthat theelectionswerenotatruereflectionofthePolishpeople'swill.

Priortotheelections,thePrimateofPoland,CardinalHlond, issuedastatementthetextofwhichwascirculatedtotheclergy instencilledcopies.Itwasnotpublishedinthedailypress, andCatholicpaperswereonlypermittedtoprintcensoredresumes.BelowisthefulltextfromtheLondon"Tablet";itis animportantdocumentinthatitclarifiestherelationofthe Churchtopolitics,withspecialreferencetothePapalutterances onthesubject:

Wearelivingundertheshadow ofelections.Thatisevident; theyareourcivicandnational right,anecessityofourState lifeandatestofourindependence.

OurattitudetowardstheelectionsshouldalsobeclearlydefinedinthelightofChristian morality,ofwhichthebasesare unchanged,nomatterwhatconstitutionalorpoliticalconsiderationsprevail.Fortheelections :meneitheramatterofindifferweetousnoraquestionofpure Statetechnique,butkeenlyaffect is,asdoeseveryoneofour rightsandobligations.

(1)WhydoweSpeakabout Elections7 Catholicsocialmoralitygives asanswer.Itsmoralimperativeshavebeenrecentlyset forthbytheHolyFather."It isafundamentalrightandduty oftheChurchtoteachthefaithfulbothbywordandprecept abouteverythingwhichconcerns faithandmorality.Theexecsiseoftherightofvotingcarrieswithitagreatmoralresponsibility,especiallywhenthe electionofthosewhohaveto givethecountryitsConstitution andrightsisconcerned.Thusit isanobligationoftheChurchto explaintothefaithfulthemoral obligationsinvolvedintheright ofvoting."(PiusXII.)

TheChurchhastherightand theobligationtoteachthefaithfulaboutdutiesimposedbythe Gospelinthewords:Renderto CaesarthethingsthatareCaesar's,andtoGodthatareGod's."

(Matthewxxii,21.)Itisfor theChurchtodefinewhatone shouldrendertoCaesarand whattoGod.ItistheChurch whichhastaughtman'smoral dutiestowardstheStatemosteffectivelyuptillnow.Wherever thisteachinghasbeenlacking theStatehasfounditselfin difficulties,andhasevenbordereduponanarchy.

TheChurchistheguideofthe conscienceofthepeople.When askedbythefaithful,sheisobligedtogiveananswer,inorder toinstructtheignorantand counselthedoubtful.

Thereforepriestscannotkeep silentwhenaskedbyCatholics abouttheirobligationsconcerningtheactofvoting.They shouldpointoutthemoralprinciplesguidingtheelectorallaw ofthecitizens.Givingananswertothesequestions,the Churchdoesnotinvolveherself inpartypoliticaldiscussions, butonlystatesmoralandreligiousprinciplesaccordingtowhich Catholicsthemselvesshouldform theirelectoralcampaign,but ointsoutmoralprinciples vhichshouldheadheredtoby partiesiftheywishtogain thevotesofCatholics.

(2)TheDemocraticStateand ElectoralLaw.

ThenearertheConstitutionof theStateistodemocraticideals, thegreaterthedutyofthecitizenstotakeanactivepartin publiclife,toexercisetheir rights,andtofulfiltheircivicobligations.Fordemocraticorganisationconsistsincallingall thecitizenstotakepartingoverningthecountry,andinallowingthemtoco-operateandto shareresponsibilitywiththe State.Becauseallthecitizens cannotfulfiltheseobligationsto thefull,theyappointbymeans ofelectionsthosewhomthey trusttoactfortheminthe worthyfulfilmentoftheircivic duties.

Thosewhoareinpowerina democraticorganisationdonot exercisethisrightintheirown

name,butinthenameofthose whoconferredthepowerupon them.Theyarenotcompletely independentinexercisingthis power.Theyaresubjecttothe surveillanceofthecitizens,who exerciseitbyelectingtheframersoftheConstitutionandthou whowillgovern,andbydefining theirprogrammeofaction, checkingthemannerinwhich theygovern,andcanputthem outofofficebywithdrawing theirsupport.

InthelightoftheseexplanationsthelinkbetweenthedemocraticStateandthecitizen's rightofotingbecomesclearly visible.Theelectionsarea legallydefinedmeansofexpressingpoliticaltendencies,andof makingknownone'sattitudetowardspublicaffairsandtowards therulersofthecountry.The citizenshavetherighttodisposefreelyofthismeans,ana theyhaveagravemoraldutyto expressthemselvesbymeansof elections.Thisrightissecured byallmodernandprogressive Constitutionsofcountrieswhich arewiselygoverned. Themorefreedomthecitizens haveinexercisingtheirrightto vote.themoretheelectionsaro

Church'sPrerogativetoExplainMoral ObligationsinVoting

SocialChangestobeBasedonMorality

Thisobligationincreasesforus Catholics,because,beingeducatedonthebasisofahealthy Christianoutlook,weunderstandhumananddivineaffairs better,becausenothing is strangetous.

Wehavethedutytodogood toeverybody."Therefore,whilst wehavetime,letusworkgood toallmen,butespeciallyto thosewhoareofthehousehold oftheFaith."(Epistletothe Galatians,xi.,10.)Thisprecept oftheholyFaithturnsustowardsourfellowhumanbeings, towardssocialneeds,towards politicaldemands,inorderto bringintohumanlifeasmuch goodaspossible.Wemustreviveinourselvesthedesirefor goodforallwhichisthebeginningofallsocialreform. Politicallifeisoneofthe mostimportantformsoftemporallife,becauseithastoserve thecommongood.Itmustbe directedbygoodmeninorder thattheymayactinagood manner.Thevocationforthis lifeisthevocationoffulfilling thesocialmoralvirtues.Moralityisthebasisofpoliticallife, anditscondition.Onlythose whorespectmoralitycandemand power,whichmeansonlythose whounderstandtheessenceof thecommongoodofthecitizens,

(5)Catholicsmayvoteonlyfor suchpersons,listsofcandidates,andelectoralprogrammes,asarenotopposed toCatholicteachingandmorality.

(6)Catholicsmayneithervote fornorputthemselvesforwardascandidatesforelectoralliststheprogrammesor governingmethodsofwhich arerepugnanttocommonsense,tothewell-beingofthe nationandtheState,toChristianmoralityandtotheCatholicoutlook.

(7)Catholicsshouldonlyvote forcandidatesoftriedprobity andrighteousnesswhodeserve confidenceandareworthyrepresentativesofthewell-being ofthenation,ofthePolish State,andoftheChurch.

(8)Catholicscannotrefrain fromvotingwithoutafairand wisereason;foreachvote, givenaccordingtotheabove recommendations,eitherpromotescommongoodorpreventsevil.

(5)Appeal. Thedeeperthechangeswhich occurintheState,thegreater ivtheresponsibilityofitscitizensforthedirectionofpublic life.ThegreaterthedifficultiesoftheState,thestronger theeffortthatmustbemadefor

"CatholicsandallthosewhobelieveinGod personifiedcannotletthemselvesbefrightenedandshouldrealizetheirstrength"

atestofthedemocraticorganisationoftheState.Butthe dutiesofthecitizensincrease, andtheyareanindispensable conditionofthemaintenanceof asanepoliticaldemocracy.

Inanorganisationinwhich thecharacteristicsoftheauthority.itsrightsandthevery lawsoftheState,dependonthe electedmembersofparliament, thecitizenshaveaspecial moraldutynotonlytotakea greatinterestinpoliticallife, buttotakeanactivepartinit. Itdependsontheacceptedlaws, andontheirexecutionbythe Government,whataretobethe lawsgoverningeducation,whetherreligionisgoingtobe taughtornot;whetherthematrimoniallawwillbeCatholicor pagan;whethertheStatewill spectthereligiousrightsof thosesufferinginhospitalsor condemnedtodeath,ofthose servingatermofmilitaryserviceinbarracks;whetherthe valueofreligionwillberespectedbytheState,orwhetherit willbeamatterofnoimportancetoit.Thelawsdependon themembergofparliament,and theydependontheelections. Thatisthesequenceofcause andeffect.

(3)WhatarethedutiesofCatholicsinpubliclife?

TheChurchhastaughtthe faithfulforaverylongtime thatitistheirdutytogive theirstrengthandabilitiestothe serviceofthecommunityandtowardsaco-operationforthecommunity.Itisademandofsocialjustice,whichtellsusto breakformthenarrowcircleof ourprivateaffairs,totakeaccountofourfellow-beings,and todirectourstrengthtowards theserviceofthecommunity. Onecannotproperlyfulfilthe demandsofsocialjusticetocollaborateforthecommongood withouttakingpartingoverning,andthusinpoliticallife.

-PIUSXII,LetterofJanuary,1946

whodesirethisgood,andwho seektoworktogetherinorder toachieveit.

EveryCatholichasadutyto knowthepoliticallifeofhis country,andtotakealivelyinterestinit.Onlythenwillhe beabletoworkeffectivelytofulfilthedutiesoftheState.He shuldthereforeacquainthimselfwiththemoralconditionsof thecountry,withitssocialand economicneeds,withitshistory andculture.Hemustbesensibleofthedemandsofsocial justice.Hecannotbeindifferenttohumanmisery.Hemust desireaconstantimprovement ofthelivingconditionsofmen.

Socialandciviceducation,and thepracticeoftheChristianvirtues,especiallyofthesocialand civicvirtues,willbeofgreat help.ACatholicrespectingthe State'sauthorityandactingat thecommongooddoeswhataccordsmostcloselywiththis good.

(4)TheElectoralDutiesof Catholics Theseareevidentinthelight oftheabovepropositions.Participationinvotingisanessentialnecessity,forademocratic State,andisbotharightand anobligationofallcitizens. Fromthisthefollowingconclusionsresult:

(1)Catholics,asmembersofa Statecommunity,havethe rightofexpressingtheirpoliticalconvictions.

(2)Catholicshaveth,erightto decidebytheirvotesthemost essentiallawsofPolishpubliclife.

(3)Catholicshaveacivicnationalandreligiousdutyto takepartintheelections.

(4)Catholicsmaynotbelongto organisationsorpartiesthe principlesofwhichcontradict Christianteaching,orthe deedsandactivitiesofwhich aiminrealityattheunderminingofChristianethics.

thecommongood.Thegreater thedangerthreateningthe Statg,themoreearnestandconscientiousmustbethefulfilmentofcivicduties.ThedeeperandmorewidelytheauthorityoftheStateentershuman lifeandcivicrights,themore importantitbecomesthatgood, competent.trustworthyandreallyChristianmenshouldexerciseauthority.

Twotendenciestowardstransformationareatpresentshaping themselves:oneseekstobuild thelifeofthecountryonsolid Christianfoundations;theother seeksdeliverancefortheworld intheomnipotenceofagodless andmaterialisticState.These twotendenciesconflict.Which willwin?Everyoneisasking this.

ModernStatesseektobeomnipotent.Althoughsomeof themcallthemselvesdemocratic, theygosofarintheirtenden ciesthattheydonotrecognise anyotherforcebesidesthemselves,eventhevoiceofthepeople,norevenanymoralauthority,eventhatofGod.

SomeStatesseektopushreligionasidefromanyinfluence uponpubliclife,aimingatthe separationofreligionfromlife, oftheChurchfromtheState, seekingtoenclosetheChurch withinthefourwallsofthetemples.

Theseattemptsarecontrary totheteachingoftheChurch,as iseverythingwhichderives fromthem,namelythesecularisationofpubliclife;thesetting asideofreligiousinfluenceinthe schools,inthearmedforces,and evenintheprisonsandhospitals.Anattemptisevenmade toemancipatefromreligiousinfluencethesmallchildreninpreparatoryschools,inordertoprotectthemfromthe"danger"of God. SeparatingthemselvesfromreligionandtheChurch,modern

CARDINALHLOND.

PrimateofPoland.

Statesdonotceasetointerfere inpurelyreligiousmatters;they lawdownlawsconcerningthe rightsoftheChurchandthe truthsanddogmasoftheFaith and withoutChristianmorality,entirely knowledgeoftheChurch andbehindherback.TheChurch isconstantlyinjuredinher rightsunderthepretextofthe separationofChurchandState. Undersuchconditions,electionsforCatholicsareallthe moreimportant.Foritisnot amatterofindifferencetousto whosehandswillbeentrusted ouraffairswithGod,ourreligion andourChurch.

Welivethroughaperiodof crucialchanges.Whilerecognisingtheimportanceandthe rrtcessityofpolitical,socialand economicchanges,weconsider thattheycanbecarriedouton thebasisandwithinthelimits ofthenaturallawandofthelaw ofGodpreachedbytheChurch. Andalthoughmanythingsmay andshouldchange,God'slaw mustherespected.

Intimeswhenpoliticallife encroachesuponreligiousmatters,"Catholicsandallthose whobelieveinGodpersonified cannotletthemselvesbefrightenedandshouldrealisetheir strength."(PiusXII.-letterof January,1946.)Itisnota physicalorarmedstrength.But Catholicsshouldknowthatthe Churchpossessesasplendid truth,andaimswhichhavegreatimportancefortheState.The Statecanhavenogreaterasset thanaChristian,religious,and uprightcitizen.

Whenreligiousmattersareso closelyinterlinkedwithpolitical affairswehavenointentionof looseningorofbreakingthis link,butwedonotwantthis linktoconsistinthelibertyof theStatetofightreligionand theobligationuponCatholics whoareoppressedtokeepsilent. NotonlythefateoftheState hutthatoftheChurchisat stakeduringtheelections.It isnotamatterofindifferenceto uswhogovernsthecountrypeoplewhobelieveortheenemiesofGod.Electionsatthis timearenotonlythefulfilment ofcivicduties,butalsoaconfessionoffaithandadefenceof religion.

Catholics!Fulfilyourcivic dutiestowardsthenation,the countryandtheChurch!Keep completefreedominchoosing politicalprogrammes.Rememberthatyouhavetofulfilyour electoraldutiesinGod'sway.

(Theletterconcludesbyquoting2Thessaloniansiii.,passim.) JasnaGora, September10,1946. +Augustus,CardinalHlond.

By FrancisGilbert-

COMMUNISTTREACHERY

ThechiefwitnessintheU.S. investigationintotheactivities pfGerhardEisler,theNo.1CommunistofAmerica,wasLouis Budenz,whorecentlyrenounced Communismandreturnedtothe Church.HisrevelationregardingSovietespionageintheU.S. wereamplysustainedinthecase oftheCanadianspytrials.

ThechargemadeatWindsor recentlybyLouisF.Budenz, formereditoroftheCommunist "DailyWorker,"ofNewYork, andmorerecentlyrepeatedby himbeforetheHouseCommittee investigatingun-AmericanactivitiesatWashington,thatthe RussianSecretPoliceareat workintheUnitedStatesand Canada,isfurthersubstantiation ofthesamechargemadebefore theCanadianRoyalCommission whichinvestigatedRussianspy activitiesinCanada.

GouzenkoSpeaksOut.

IgorGouzenko,27yearsold cipherclerkattheRussianEmbassyinOttawawasthestar witnessintheCanadianspy probe. Hetestifiedthatthe N.K.V.D.,thesecretpoliticalpoliceoftheSovietUnion,have apowerfulorganisationinCanada.LikeMr.Budenzat Washington,healsodeclared thattheCommunist[sternaIlona],orComintern,hadnot beenabandoned.Gouzenkotold theRoyalCommissioninquiry: "TheannouncementofthedissolutionoftheCominternwasprobablythegreatestfarceofthe Communistsinrecentyears. Onlythenamewasliquidated, withtheobjectofreassuring publicopinioninthedemocratic countries.ActuallytheCominternexistsandcontinuestoexist."

Gouzenkodeclaredthat"the CommunistPartyindemocratic countrieshaschangedlongago fromapoliticalpartyintoan agencynetoftheSovietGovernmentintoaFifthColumnin thesecountriestomeetawar,

intoaninstrumentinthehands oftheSovietGovernmentfor creatingartificialunrest,provocation,etc.

PreparationforThirdWorld War.

Gouzenkodeclaredbeforethe RoyalCommission:"Holding forthatinternationalconferenceswithvolublestatements aboutpeaceandsecurity,theSovietGovernmentissimultaneouslypreparingsecretlyforthe thirdworldwar.Tomeetthis wartheSovietGovernmentis creatingindemocraticcountries. includingCanada,aFifthColumn..."

TheRoyalCommission,which investigatedthechargesmade byGouzenko,wasmadeupof twoofCanada'smosteminent legalauthorities,Mr.JusticeR. L.Kellock,58,anativeofOntario,andaBaptist,andMr.JusticeR.B.Taschereau,50,anativeofQuebecandaCatholic. BotharemembersoftheSupremeCourtofCanada,the highestcourtinCanada.

TheRoyalCommission,which hadtheco-operationofCanada'sfamousRoyalCanadian MountedPoliceandabatteryof notedlegaltalentintheinvestigationheard116witnessesbetweenFebruary13,1946,and June27.19-16.Thetwoeminent judgesstudiedabout1,000exhibitsandheardevidencewhich nowfills6,000pages.

ReportofRoyalCommission.

Thefollowingareexcerpts fromthefinalreportofthe RoyalCommission:

"He(Gouzenko)revealedto ustheexistenceofaconspiratorialorganisationoperatingin Canadaandothercountries.He hasnotonlytoldusthenames andcovernamesoftheorganisers,thenamesofmanyofthe Canadianswhowerecaught'in thenet'(toemploythephrase usedbythedocuments)andwho actedhere(inCanada)as agents,buthehasalsoexposed muchoftheset-upoftheorganisationaswellasitsaims andmethodshereandabroad.

"Therecanbenodoubtinour mindsthattheseattemptsvery oftensuccessful,toobtainhere

secretandconfidentialinformation,cannotbequalifiedascasualorisolated.Theyarenot merelytheactsofover-zealous SovietemployeesanxioustoinformtheirownGovernment.

"Theset-upofthisorganisation,"theCanadianRoyalCommissionreportcontinues,"isthe resultofalongpreparationby trainedandexperiencedmen, whohavecomeherefortheexpresspurposeofcarryingonspy:ngactivities,andwhohaveemployedalltheresourcesattheir disposal,withorwithoutcorruption,tofulfilthetasksassigned tothem.

"Someofthesemenhaveundoubtedlybeenwell-schooledin espionageandFifthColumnorganisationmethods,andinpoliticalandpsychological"development"techniques..

'ThereexistsinCanadaaFifth Columnorganisedanddirected byRussianagentsinCanadaand inRussia.

"WithintheFifthColumn thereareseveralspyrings.

"Wehavebeenabletoidentify manyofthemembersofoneof theserings,namelythatof whichColonelZabotin(atthat timeRussianMilitaryAttache attheRussianLegationinOttawa)wastheheadinCanada.

"MembershipinCommunist organisationorasympathytowardsCommunistideologieswas theprimaryforcewhichcaused theseagentstoagreetodothe adsreferredtointheirindividualcases."

BestGuardedManinCanada.

To-day,IgorGouzenkoisthe bestguardedmaninCanada.

TheRoyalCanadianMounted Policearekeepingavigilantand PaternaleyeonthisRussianand hisfamily.

Therearetworeasonsforthis solicitudewhichissharedbyall patrioticcitizensofCanada.

(1)Gouzenkoisthekeywitnessincourtproceeingsagainst Canadianswhoarechargedwith subversiveactivitiesoftheSovietspyringinCanadainwhich therewerenamed17Russians, thenattachedtotheRussian Embassythereasbeinginvolved.

Acipherclerkonthestaffof ColonelZabotin,atthattime RussianMilitaryAttachehere, Gouzenkorevealedtheexistence inCanadaofawidespreadconspiracytoobtainsecretofficial information.Gouzenko'sdisclosuresawakenedCanadians fromtheir"it-couldn't-happenhere"complacency,andsetoff theofficialinquirywhichhas hadworldwiderepercussions.

neededasawitness.According toevidencebeforetheRoyal Commission,Gouzenkoonthe eveofhisdisclosurestothe Canadianauthoritiesnarrowly escapedcapturebytheRussian SecretPolice,ofwhichtheCommissionwastoldapowerful unithasbeeninexistencein Canadaforsomeyears.Crown authoritiesevenmorerecently toldapresidingjudgeatoneof thetrialsthatGouzenko'slife :tillisindanger.Thisexplains elaborateprecautionstakeneach timeGouzenkoappearsincourt asawitness.

Russiansinvolvedinthespy activitieswererecalledtoMoscowsoonaftertheofficialCanadiandisclosures.Thefirstto leavewasColonelZabotin,head oftheringwhichGouzenkounmasked.ZabotinleftOttawa withoutnotifyingCanadianauthorities,towhomhewasaccredited,andsailedfromNew YorkonaSovietship.S.S.AlexanderCuvorov,clandestinelyat nightwithoutcomplyingwith portregulations,accordingto evidencebeforetheRoyalCommission.Therehavebeenrevertsthathedied"unexpectedly"enroutetoRussia,but thesehaveneverbeenofficially confirmed.

Canada'sGratitude.

(2)Thesecondreasonwhy Gouzenkoisthebestguarded maninCanadato-dayisthat Canadaisdeterminedheandhis familywilllivetoenjoytheir new-founddemocracyandfreedom.Itwasarealisationof whattruedemocracymeansin CanadathatledGouzenkoto turnontheSovietandtheCommunistParty,andgivetoCanadianauthoritiestheseriesof officialSovietdocumentswhich revealedtheSovietspyringin Canada.

Thetwoeminentjudgeswho madeupCanada'sRoyalCommissionmadethefollowingdeclarationaftertheirinquiry:"In ouropinion,Gouzenko,bywhat hehasdone,hasrenderedgood publicservicetothepeopleof thiscountry,andtherebyhas placedCanadainhisdebt."

RADIOAND

ADOLESCENCE

Schoolshavealwaysbeenslow toadoptthenewtoolsoflearningmadeavailablebyscience. Motionpictureswerewidelyacceptedasentertainmentbefore theywereusedefiectivelyinthe classroom.Theradio,likewise, wasutilisedextensivelybycommercialorganisationsasameans ofadvertising,andlistenershad accepteditasacommonplace device,longbeforetheschools awakenedtoitsvalueforeducationalexperiencesoftheadolescent.

believeimmediatelybecomesthe idealofthousandsofadolescents. Theresulthasbeentocreatea widespreaddisregardforthe sanctityofmarriage,theidealisationofthehomeandmanyof thefinersocialrelations.The divorcee,thelibertine,thegay night-liferoue,theconfidence man,andthecleverpromoterare presentedsoalluringlythatit wouldbeapsychologicalmiracle ifimmatureyouthdidnot idealisethebehaviourtheyportray.

Butyouthisnotcontentmerelytoidealise-adolescenceisa periodofslavishimitation.One hasonlytowatchacrowdof youngsterstogetenoughdata t)verifythisstatement..Notethewaytheydress.Girls, manyfromwealthyhomes,are smugwiththeconsciousness that ual"theyarethoroughly"casin frayed,slacks,"sloppyJoes,"or wrinkledjeans.Close- rangeobservationintheclassroomrevealsthesameimitiative homagetotheiridolsinthepar- rot-likeexpressionsandcatch- phraseswhichtheyallecho.The mostbizzareadjectivesareused to daydescribecommonplace,everyincidentsinthelivesoftheir "gueststars."

Theeffectsofthisimitation arebeingreflectedinthepresent crimewave.Theomnipresent radiodramaplaysupthetwoguncriminalandthesmartaleck whichisalwaysoutwittingdador thepolice.Thethousandsof callowyouthwhodailyfollow theseprogrammescouldnotes-capebeinginoculatedwiththeir virusandimpelledtoovertbe- haviour.Everyfineandnoble idealinstilledinthehome,the schoolandthechurchisdestroy- edbythepoisongermsthusdisseminated.Thedominantat- titudeofmanyoftheyouthof to-dayisdeterminedbyradio's philosophy.

Theschoolistheoneplace, asidefromthehome,where youthcanbehelpedtointerpret whathappenstohiminhisout- of-schoollife.Throughthera- dio,throughthemovie,through companionsandinthehome,he hasavarietyofconflictingex- perienceswhichheattemptsto oragniseintoasystemof boughtandaction.Now,ifthe school wherecanbecometheplace hedoesintegrateandin- terpretalltheseexperiences. thenitcanaidhimindeveloping validcriteriaonlifeandits meaning.Butiflifewithinthe schoolistotallyisolatedfrom whathappenstohiminhisout- of-schoolactivitiesand-which isourpresentconcern-what happenstohimashesitsinfront oftheradio,wecanhavelittle assuranceofhisfuturemoralin- tegrity.

PHONEB3511

WeincorporatewithustheOpticalPracticesofOPTICALSUPPLIES(W.A.)LTD., OPTICALPRESCRIPTIONS(W.A.)LTD., FOY&GIBSON'SOPTICALDEPARTMENT, M.P.RYAN,Optometrist(lateOrientBuildings), AndHOLLYWOODMILITARYHOSPITAL.

OftheCanadianscharged,two womenarenowservingprison termsoftwo-and-a-halfyears andthreeyears,respectively; andfourmenhavebeensentenc ed,onetofour,twotofive,and onetosixyearsinprison,but appealstohighercourthave beenenteredinthesecases.Two chargeshavebeendismissedfollowingjuryacquittals.Some nineothercasesagainstCanadiansstillarependingatthe timeofthiswriting.InEngland,onescientistisservinga 10-yeartermfollowingdiscoverieswhichwerelinkedwith theCanadianspyprobe.

NarrowlyEscapedCapture. TheRoyalCanadianMounted PolicemustseetoitthatGouzenkoisonhandwhenheis

Whetherornotwemakeuse ofitintheclassroom,radiodoes exertadefiniteinfluence on youth.Itseffectupontheoutof-schoollifeofteen-agersis tremendous,astheylistendaily toawitheringbarrageofpolitical,economicandsocialpropaganda,afloodofverbosesales talksandcontinuousmediocre claptrap.Theseprogrammes areaffectingtheirattitudes,alt(ringtheirappreciationsandinfluencingtheiremergingphilosophyoflife.Intherealmof personalrelationsandidealsof personality,noothersingleinfluence-movies,ofcourse,excluded-hasbeensopervasive. Thestandardsofsocialbehaviour,theattitudesconcerning homelife,mariageanddivorce, apparentlyalltaketheircue fromradio'sborrowedHollywood stars.Whatthesestarsdoand

How,then,shallweuseradio intheeducationofadolescents? Thereare,itseemstothewriter,severalusefulserviceswe mayrendertoyouththrough thisnewtooloflearning.First, wecan whatsensitisestudentsto radioisdoingtothem. Torecognisewhatishappening tousisusuallythefirststepin freeingourselvesfromuncritical acceptance.Second,wecandevelopinschoolacriticalinterpretationofout-of-schoollistening,thusaffordingstandardsfor judgingbothcontentandper-formance.Moreover,wemay hopetoeducatetheseadolescentsintaste,discernment,and appreciation,sothattheywill cometovaluethebestthatradio hastooffer.Theradioisa definitechallengetoourteachers.Willtheymeetthatchallenge?

Stovesrelinedortradedincm LatestGasorWoodStoves.I.A. Stoves.B6307.

thirtrineVartyrs

Victims

KiltedbyBoxersBeatiPied

ofImperialHatredoftheFaith

LastingMissionaryLaboursofFranciscans andJesuits GrowthofNativeClergy

Thirty-ninemartyrsoutofthe30,000Catholicswhowereput todeathinChinaonJuly5,9,and12,1900,by..the..Boxers-a sectionofChinesewhoroseagainstforeigners,especiallymissionaries,andcommittedmanymassacresandatrocities-were beatifiedinSt.Peter's,Rome,onNovember24. Thefollowing accountoftheceremonyandthemartyrdomisfromtheLondon"Tablet":

Hundredsofeyes-manyof themalmond-shaped-wereturnedupinSt.Peter'sonthemorningofNovember24toasomewhattoophotographic,too bright,toochildish,butvery sweetpicturesethighabovethe altaroftheCathedral.Thepicturerepresented29martyrsput todeathbytheBoxersinChina onJuly6,9,and12,1900.A cassockedprelatehadjustread outinresonanttonesthedecree thatprolcaimedthem"Beati," Blessed.DutchBishopOlaf Smithadjustintonedthe"Te Deum"inwhichsevenCardinals oftheCongregationofRites, headedbytall,distinguishedCardinalCarloSalotti,joined,togetherwiththeBishops,many ofwhomworepearl-greyrobes insteadofthecustomarypurple, becausetheywereFranciscans. Butthosewhosangwiththe greatestgustowerenaturallythe ChineseMonsignori,priestsand nuns--theselastmostlyFranciscanMissionariesofMary-who lookeduptothepicture,andparticularlytotheblue-clad,pigtailedChinesemartyrs,with somethingmorethanunusual emotion.

Thetwenty-ninemartyrsnow deemedworthyofthehonoursofthealtar were partofthe30,000 Catholics whomtheBoxerskilledin1900. Ofthese30,000,2,855havebeen consideredworthyofexaminationbytheCongregationof Rites.Only29havebeenbea-

ALEXRODOREDA

TurfCommissionAgeni 802HAYSTREET

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DUKEOFYORKHOTEL NARROGIN

NewLounge,DiningRooms, andCommercialRooms.

ARTHURBOYLAN,Proprietor.

PederickContinualHotWater installedthroughout.

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S.DANNELL,F.S.M.C_(London), W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST. TeLB201t 16PLAZAARCADE,PERTH.

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HAYSTREET.SUBIACO. RenovatedThroughout. EssenceofComfort. W.F.ARTIS,Proprietor. (LateofBalmoralHotel,Vic.Park)

CHINA,GLASSandPLATED WAREIMPORTERS.

OtleyPlace,offMurraySt. (rearSavoyHotel) Convents,Colleges,Institutions andSchoolsSpeciallyCateredfoi PriceListsandCatalogueon Application.

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LabsofJOHNDYNON&CO.

tifiedsofar.Thereasonis thatanynationalisticorracial motivebehindtheassassination orintheassassin'sminddisqualifiesthemartyrasasaint. Themotivebehindthekilling mustbehatreaofreligion,pure andsimple.NowtheBoxer movementbegannotasanantireligousmovementbutasastirringofChinesepatriotism.The EmpressTze-shepatronisedit, andencourageditinitsoppositionto"theforeignerswhohave broughtustheopiumwars,the Russians,theDutchandthe French"with"theirowninterestsandtheirlackofconsiderationforChina."However,the Empressherselfsoongavevent topurelyanti-Christianprejudice.Sheorderedallmissionariestoleave,but,atthesame

themissionariesbeforetheirdeparture.However,whatisnot cleariswhethershehadgiven thisorderforreligiousmotives orwhetherothermotiveswere alsoinhermind.ButtheEdict leaveslittledoubtoftheantireligiousmotivebehindthepersecutionatanyrateby1900.

Whathasledthepresent29 tobechosenfirstforbeatificationischieflyaletter-Decreeby Ju-sien,ViceroyoftheProvince ofShangsi,where26ofthem weremartyred. SaysJu-sien inhisDecree:"TheEuropeanreligionislicentious,cruel,itde spisesthespirit,oppressesthe nations..AllChristians"-by thishemeansChineseChristians-"whodonotsincerelyrepudiateitwillsuffercapitalpunishment."AdressingtheChristians,Ju-sienadds:"LargescaleBoxermassacresareat hand.Christians,listenand tremble!Abandontheperverse religion!LetallChristians obeymetrembling,fortheBoxerswillnotmolestpersons-they hateonlythe(Christian)religion."Heretheargumentis conclusive. Ju-sienwasnot motivatedbypolitics,butby hatredofChristianity,andthe

thattheTabernaclehadtheDivineSpeciesinit,sohereturned andwasseverelybeaten,wrappedupinsacking,soakedin oil,andslowlyburnt.Thenews ofdangerhadmeanwhilebeen broughttotheVicarApostolic, BishopAntonioFantosati,who hurriedtothesceneinaboat, fromwhichhesawthesmokeof thefirethatwasburningthe missionandBlessedCesidio.He wasrecognised,andacrowdof boatssurroundedhimandpushedhisboatshorewards,wherehe wasstonedwithhissecretary, JosephGambaro,whowasactuallythefirsttodie. NorthChina.

However,thefactthatthecase oftheSouthernChinesemartyrsismoreeasilyproveable shouldnotleadanyonetoforgetthatthepersecutionwas greaterandfiercerinNorth China.ThecasesoftheNorthernChinese,beingmorenumerous,willtakelongertoexamine,butactuallyitismorelikelythattheracialnationalistic motiveplayedalesserpartin thenorthernthaninthesouthernpersecution.Thereasonfor thisisthattheNorthwasconvertedbytheJesuits,whilethe FranciscanswerethosewhoconvertedtheSouth. Therehas beencontinuousdisagreement betweenthetwoOrderssincethe 1600,soverthewaytoconvert theChinese.TheJesuitswere alwaysoftheopinionthatthe Christianreligiousriteshouldbe adaptedtoorientalism,whilethe Franciscansurgedtheimposi-

30,000CatholicsdiedfortheFaithin Chinain1900atthehandsoftheBoxers

time,gavesecretorderstotheCongregationofRitestermshim Boxers"towreakvengeanceon"Christianorummagnus'rumtheChristiansbeforetheyde-cus,"atanyrate,inSouthern part." Shesaidthisinletters,China.

ImperialEdict.

FurtherevidenceofthereligiousnatureoftheBoxerpersecutionisfoundintheImperial EdictofJuly1, 1900,which reads:

oneofwhichisinRome,andhasThe26martyredthroughthe beenexaminedandtranslatedbyordersofJu-sienwerekilledin Chinesepriests,who,inconver-twobatches,thefirstonJuly9, sation,provetobequitenation-1900;thesecond,consistingof alisticandunadmiringofthesevenmissionarynuns,ors.ne whitemanassuch. 12th. Onegirlorphanhung withthenunsonthe12th.survivedandarrivedinRomejust intimefortherecentceremony. SheisknownasSisterSt.Francis,andshevfascompelledto drinkthebloodoftheotherswho hadbeenhung,afterfirstbeing boundwiththeirhandsbehind theirbacks,afterwhichtherope waspassedfromthehandstothe hook,sothatthemartyrshung inmid-airbentintwo,head down.Thenacutwasmadein theirthroatsandtheywerebled todeath.

tionoftheLatinrite.ThereasonbehindtheJesuittheoryis obvious;thatbehindtheFranciscanwasthatanyleniencymight leadtoconfusionintheChinese mind.Forinstance,ifthe Chinesewereallowedtopay excessivehomagetothedead, howwouldtheyunderstandthat theymustnotidolisethem?It isbelievedthattheJesuitswho didpermitactsofhomagebeing paidtothedeadactuallyfound

difficultyinfindingplausibleargumentstoexplainthatrice mustnotbeplacedbeforethe burialplace,becausethisimpliedsacrifice,andhenceidolatry.However,whateverthe Franciscanexplanation,thereis nodoubtthat,thoughtheFranciscansarrivedfirstinChina andarefirsttoseetheirmartyrsbeatified,theJesuitsreaped thelargernumberofconversions.ItwastheFranciscan insistenceonWesternisationthat twicecausedtheArchbishopric ofPekintoceaseitsexistence. Ithasonlyjustbeenrevived,becausethereisnowaChinese Cardinaltorunit,sothathewill allaythecentury-olddissensions betweenJesuitsandFranciscans, andthedisruptionoftheHierarchyinChina.

"RadioYuPin."

Thedissensionislikelytobe lessenedbythegrowthofChinesepriesthood.Thereareat presentaboutathousandChinesepriests,asagainstthree thousandforeigners,but,while therearetwothousandadult seminarists,thenumberofyoung seminariststudentsisfivethousand,soitislikelythatinthe nexthalf-centurythenumberof foreignerswillgraduallyyield totheincreasingnumberofChinese. ChineseCatholicismis nowaforceofnomeanimportance.Apartfromnumbers (threeandahalfmillions)there aremoreCatholicpapersin Chinathaninanyothernation intheworld.Catholicwireless transmissionsareconsideredthe mostobjectivesourceofnews. GeneralissimoChiangKai-shek's broadcastsonlyspeakagainst theCommunists,andviceversa, whiletheCatholicradiogives world-wideandnationalnews fromaneutralstandpoint,with theresultthatabout95percent. oflistenersinNankinglistento theCatholicradio. Creditforallthispressand radiomustgotoNanking'sBishop,Mgr.YuPin.Itwashe whoencouragedthenewspapers andthatradiowhichsomein Nankingcall"RadioYuPin."

T.VIVIAN

143RokebyRoad,Subiaco.W1539. FORSEWERAGECONNECTIONS. BadWaterPressure,BrokenPedestalPans,BlockedSewerDrains, CisternandRoofRepairs. T.V. ModelBathHeatersnowavailable.

"Sincemissionarieshavespread theChristiandoctrine,quarrels, animositiesandhatredshave continuallyarisenintheProvincesoftheEmpirebetweenpagansandChristians,splitting opinionandallegienceintheEmpire.SubjectsoftheEmpire havebecomehallucinatedbythe perversefaith,andsincethey obstinatelypersistinit,theSovereignconvokestheBoxersand urgesthemtorivaloneanother infightingtheChristiansand wreakingvengeanceonthem.If, however,theChristiansdecideto renewtheircountenance,purify theirheart"-bythistheEdict meansanactofapostasy"theywillthenwintheirpardon."(Thisisthepartofthe Edictwhichprovestheanti-religiousmotivebehindthepersecution.Thepersecutionwas,in fact,nopunishmentforhaving servedtheforeigner,but a meanstocompeltheabandonmentofChristianity,adjuration ofthefaith.)

SecretOrder.

"ViceroysandGovernorswill notifymagistratesthatthose Christianswho,beingrepentant, spontaneouslycomebeforethe Mandarins,mustbepermittedto 'renewtheircountenance,and theirpastwillbeforgotten.On thecontrary,unrepentantChristianswillcomeupbeforeatribunal.Missionarieswillberequestedtoreturntotheircountryoforigin,and,anyway,to leavetheterritoryoftheEmpire.Shouldtheyfailtodoso, andshouldtheysufferatthe handsoftheBoxers,theresponsibilitywillrestwiththem alone."Asstatedabove,the EmpressTze-shehadalreadysecretlyorderedtheBoxerstoslay

MownDownWithSword.

Theactualeventswhichledto themassacreofthe26wereas follows:TheywereallatTai-juen-fu,wherethelocalseminaryhadbeenclosedonthenight ofJune27,followingaraidof theBoxersonallProtestantreligioushousesintheneighbourhood.Theseminaristsweretold todisperseandgohome.Some ofthemsucceeded,butagroup ofaboutsixwerestoppedatthe citygates,takenbeforethesubprefect,orderedtoapostatise, thrownintoprisonwhentheyrefused,andfinallyherdedintothe courtyardofJu-sien'spalace, wheretheywerejoinedbythe BishopsandFathers,andfinally mowndownbytheBoxers"with thenakedsword."Rome'sChinesepointoutwithobviouslyjustifiedpridethatthefactthattne Chineseservantsheroicallyjoinedthemis,whenallissaidand done,the"realproofoftheir martyrdom,whichmightotherwisebeconsideredasChinese hatredoftheforeigner,which wasknowntoberampantround 1900asaresultofthemisdemeanoursofthewhitemanin Chinaduringthe19th.century."

SlowlyBurnt.

Theotherthreemartyrswho werebeatifiedwerekilledinthe ProvinceofHonanatHengdowfu,onJuly5. Thefirsttofall wasFatherCesidioGiacomantonio,whoseresidencehadbeen

ChristianBrothers'College

TheCollegehasre-openedwith

anotheryearofsuccessfulendeavourbehindit.The

,ingisabriefsummaryofexaminationresultsandawardsof scholarship:

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS.

Twenty-fourcandidateswere presentedandtwenty-twopasses obtained.Thereweresixteen Distinctions,dividedbetween Maths.A,Maths.B,Physics, Chemistry,AppliedMaths.,and Geography.

AGeneralExhibitionwas awardedtoColinKilMartin. (Therearetenawardedinthe State).

KennethTaylorwasawarded admissiontoDuntroonMilitary College.(Oneoffiveselected fromWesternAustralia.)

JUNIORCERTIFICATEEXAMINATIONS.

Thirtycandidateswerepres(ntedandtwenty-sixpasses secured.

ThomasReesandEricPrince wereeachawardedaLynn Scholarship.

PeterJoneswasawardeda Breweries'Scholarship.

INTERMEDIATEENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS

(ConductedbytheChristianBrothers'ExaminingBoard):

St.George'sTerracePerth

SCHOLASTICSUCCESSES

SecondYear: Thereweretwenty-sevenpasses withseventy-sixdistinctions;a verysatisfactoryresult.Fourth placeaeq.intheaggregatewas obtainedbyLesLittle.Tenth placebyCliffMouritz.First placeinPhysics:LesLittle; Firstplaceaeq.inArithmetic: RayStrickland.

KENNETHTAYLOR, oneoffiveboysfromW.A.selectedforentryintoDuntroon MilitaryCollege. Apupilof ChristianBrothers'College,St. George'sTerrace,hewassuccessfulintherecentLeaving CertificateExamination,obtainingsixsubjectswithtwodistinctions.KenhasbeenaprominentmemberoftheC.B.C.Cadet Corpsandattainedtotherank ofSergeantMajorduringhis finalyear. Hewillbeleaving fortheEasternStatesonFebruary15.

FirstYear: Therewereforty-onepasses withsixty-fiveDistinctions.

PeterBurvillobtainedSecond Placeintheaggregate,andFirst Placeaeq.inbothPhysicsand Chemistry.Peterpassedin elevensubjectswitheightdistinctions:Religion(d),English (d),Latin(d),French(d), Arithmetic,Algebra(d),Geometry,Geography(d),Physics (d),Chemistry,Drawing(d).

ERICFRANCISPRINCE, ChristianBrothers'College, Perth.

WinnerofLynnScholarship. PassedtheJuniorCertificatein English,Latin,History,Geography,ArithmeticandAlgebra, GeometryandTrigonometry, Physics,Chemistry.

THOMASFREDERICKREES, ChristianBrothers'College, Perth.

WinnerofLynnScholarship. PassedtheJuniorCertificatein English,Latin,History,Geography,ArithmeticandAlgebra, GeometryandTrigonometry, Chemistry.

abrilliantpupilofChristianBrothers'College,St.George', Terace,whogainedapassinsevensubjectsattherecent UniversityExaminations,withfivedistinctions,andwas awardedaGeneralExhibition.Marks:MathematicsA,89; MathematicsB,95;Physics,99;Chemistry,81;AppliedMathematics,88.

PHONE

2396-ONEQUALITY-THEBEST JAS.

4SONS BEACHBAKERY, FAIRLIGHTSTREET,MOSMANPARK. MaltandWholemealBreadaSpeciality.

The Van do theLAND

PopeUrgesFarmers toPreserveReal RuralCulture

StabilityRootedinFamily Life

CityLifeExemplifiesEconomic PowerofCapital

HisHolinessPopePiusX11.,inadiscoursetothenational conventionofItaliansmallfarmers,exhortedthemtopreservea genuineruralculture,warnedthemtoresistthe"diabolicaltemptationofeasygain"byspeculatingontheneedsoftheirneighbours,andcounselledself-help,particularlyinmattersofcredit,throughco-operativeunions,inordertomaintainasound ruraleconomywithinatrulyorgenicnationaleconomy.

ThePopemadeasearchinginquiryintothecausesoftheexistingconflictbetweencityand country,andcitedtheEncyclical, "QuadragesimoAnno"ofPius XI.toillustratethedangersof afalseeconomy.inwhichtheinterestsofcapitaldeterminehumanneeds,andcapitalmoves menandtheirwork"likeballsin a.game."

Thelabouronfarms"stillrepresentsthenaturalorderwilledbyGod,"thePopesaid,"namelythatman,withhisownlabour,oughttorulematerial things,andnotthatmaterial thingsruleman."

Notonlymateriallybutalso socially,farmersliveincloset contactwithnaturethanany othersectorofthepeople,the HolyFathersaid.Thefamilies offarmersarenotonlyconsumersbutalsoproducers,thePope explained,andfromthisdeep rootingoftheirlivesinthefamlycomestheeconomicforceand hepowerofresistanceincritialtimes,whichlendssuchimportancetotheroleoffarmers intherightdevelopmentofthe publicandprivateorderofthe wholepeople.

GenuineRuralCulture.

Fromthesameroots,thePope added,arises"theindispensable functionwhichyouarecalled upontoexerciseasthedefence andsourceofstainlessmoraland religiouslife,andasthenursery ofmen,soundinsoulandbody, foralltheprofessions,forthe ChurchandfortheState."

ThePopeurgedfarmerstopreservecarefullytheelementsessentialtogenuineruralculture, suchasindustriousness,simplicity,andplainliving;respectfor authority,particularlythatof parents;loveofcountry;faithful adherencetotraditionsproven throughthecenturies;readiness

tohelpothersevenoutsidethe immediatefamily;and-mostimportantofall-atruespiritof religion,withoutwhichallthe otherelementsfail.Hecounselledthefarmerstoletjoint prayersguidetheirlivesandto honourtheChurchasthecentre andheartofthevillagewhere theycangainstrengthforthe dailytoil.

FamilyCharacteraNecessity.

Thefamilycharacterofagriculturegivesthefarmeraparticularrighttoobtainadecent rewardfromhiswork,thePontiffsaid.Thosewholookonly tothequickestpossibleprofits inthenationaleconomymaybe temptedtosacrificefarming,as hasbeendonethroughoutthe lastcentury,andalsoatthe presenttime.Tocounteractthat tendency,thePopeexplained, farmersshouldshowthatagriculture,becauseofitsfamily character,doesnotexcludethe advantagesofotherformsofindustrybutratheravoidsmany oftheirevils.

Counsellingfarmerstobecareful,intelligent,forward-looking, thriftyandopentoprogress,the Popestated:"Showyourselves tobehonestsellers,notgreedy calculatorstothedamageofthe people,andwell-disposedbuyers attheinlandmarketofthe country."

Despitethegoodintention" andthehighconductofmany farmers,theHolyFatheradded, itistruethatoneneedsto-day "greatstrengthofprinciplesand energyofwilltoresistthediabolicaltemptationofeasygain, whichspeculates.ignoblyonthe necessitiesofone'sneighbour ratherthanearningalivingby thesweatofthebrow."The Popealsostressedtheneedof educationtosupplementtheexperiencewhichcomesfromlovingcarefortheland.

EconomicMoralFroma-Packet ofCornflakes

Peoplerecoilfromthestudy ofeconomics,believingittobea dullanddifficultsubject.Conserselytheyhaveasneakingsuspicionthatamanmustbevery clevertobeabletoteachothers anythingsocomplex.Buteven aninanimatethinglikealoafof bread,canteachagooddealof commonsenseeconomics.

13.3percent.,ofwhichhisprofittookup6percent.

OppositionBetweenCountryand City.

Inquiringintothemotivesof theexistingoppositionbetween cityandcountry.thePopesaid: "Moderncities,withtheirconstantgrowth,andtheirincreasingpopulation,arethetypical oductofthepowerexercisedby theinterestsoflargecapitalon theeconomiclife-andnotonly ontheeconomiclifebutalsoon manhimself.

"Asourgloriouspredecessor, PopePiusXI.,pointedoutvery wellinhisEncyclical,'QuadragesimoAnno,'ithappenstoooften thathumanneedsnolongerregulate,accordingtotheirnatuialandobjectiveimportance, theeconomiclifeandtheemploymentofcapital,but,ontne contrary,capitalanditsdesire forgaindeterminethoseneeds andinwhatmeasuretheyought tobesatisfied.Inthisway,it isnothuman'labourdestined forthecommongoodthatattractstoitselfcapitalandplaces itatitsservice,but,instead, itiscapitalthatmovesthe workandmanhimself,hereand therelikeballsinagame.

"Ifnowthecitydwellersuffersfromthisunnaturalstate, howmuchmoreisitcontraryto theintimateessenceofthefarmers'life.Therefore,notwithstandingallthedifficulties,the labourerofthefarmsstillrepresentsthenaturalorderwilled byGod,namely,thatman,with hisownlabour,oughttorule materialthings,andnotthatmaterialthingsruleman."

This,thePoneexplained,is thecauseofthecontrastbetween cityandcountry-acontrast thatbecomesevenmorepronouncedwhencapitalextendsits damaginginfluencetothecountry,dazzlingfarmerswithpicturesoftherichesandpleasures ofthecity,luringhimthither towastehissubstanceandthen seizingthelandthathasbeen abandonedbythefarmers.Land, usefulforcityaswellascountry,thatisnolongerproductive, resultsinhungerofthepeople andtheruinoffarmersandthe nationaleconomy,thePope warned.

StateOwnership-ItsDangers,

RegardingStateownership, thePopesaid:"There,too,where Li...Stateappropriatestoitself capitalandthemeansofproduction,thoseinterestsofproductionandforeigncommercethat arepropertothecitieshavethe upperhandandthetruefarmer suffersalltiemore."

Thisviolatasafundamentai principle,whichisupheldbythe Church,thatthenationaleconomyisorganicandthatitshould bedevelopedinreciprocalproportion,thePopestated.

Helpmustprincipally come fromthefarmersthemselves fromtheirco-operativeunions, particularlyinmattersofcredit, thePopesaidinconclusion. Farmersandtheirfamilies,alreadyformingacommunityjoinedtogetherinwork,should strivetouniteallotherlabouringgroupsintoagreatcommun. is ofworkers.

Remindingthatthetradition' offarmershavebecomepartof theliturgyoftheChurch,the HolyFatherinvokedDivine blessingsforfarmersandtheir laboursandimpartedtothem theApostolicBenediction.

Ihaveonlyjustcomeacross thereportonMarketingandDistributionoftheJointCommissiononAgriculturalEnquiry whichfunctionedintheUnited Statessometimeago,andwhich presenteditsreporttothe67th. Congress.Inthecourseofits reportitexaminedtheproblem ofjusthowmuchofaconsumer'sdollarwhichwenttothe purchaseofcornflakeswasspent onproduction,distribution,advt andsoon.Theperiodcoveredwasfrom1913to 1921. Oneachdollarspentonthis commodity,theproducerreceived21percent.,transportation andstoragecostswere7.3per cent.,thecostofmanufacture was8.1percent.,themanufacturer'scostofsellinghismanufacturedarticlewas7.3per cent.,plus4.5percent.inadvertising,themanufacturer'stransportcosttothewholesalerwas 9.1percent.,themanufacturer'staxestookup7percent.,and hisprofit8.3percent.

Thewholesaler'snettmargin was7.5percent.,whichinvolved himinalossof.4percent.The retailer'soperatingexpensewas

TheCommitteepointedout thatwhilecornflakeswerenota staplefood,thesaleandconsumptionofthemhadextended sofarthatithadtakentheplace ofsomestaples,andaccordingly wasafairexampletoinvestigate. Theconclusionsofthecommitteewereofgreatinterestto U.S.Congressandtothecommercialworld,butfromthe pointofviewofthefarmer,the mainpointofinterestistwofold.Inthefirstplaceitisobviousthatexpressedintermsof percentages,therewasnoexcessiveprofitorchargeatanystage betweenthesimple21percent. ofthefinalcostwhichwentto theproducerandthewholedollarwhichtheconsumerspenton cornflakes.

Thesecondpointis,however, thatalmostallthecharges whichwentfromthetimethe actualcornwasmarketedtothe farmertothetimewhenitwas soldtotheconsumerwerean economicwaste.Especiallywhen theconsumerisafarmer,ashe oftenis,thehomemanufacture ofbreakfastmealoutofthe cornhehimselfgrowswouldrepresentatremendoussavingto him.Theonlyextracharge overthecostofproductionwhich theindependentfarmerwould encounterwouldbethecostof hisowntimeinprocessingthe rawmaterial.Itwouldbea gooddealcheaper.

U.S.ShowsYouththePathof RuralVocation

Aninterestingnewsitemfrom anAmerica«utemporarytells thestoryofif,200,000young membersoftheFutureFarmers ofAmerica,ana-Lelorganisationofhighschoo.boyswho havechosenevict'ireastheir life-timecareer.

Theseboys,aged14to21,are studyingvocationalagriculture in15,000ruralhighschools throughouttheUnitedStates, HawaiiandPuertoRico. Theyfindintheactivitiesof theFutureFarmersofAmerica, popularlycalledtheFFA,alaboratorywhereintheycanapply classroomtheoriesandlessonsto actualworkonthefarm.

Theorganisationhaditsbeginningin1917whentheFederal Governmentfirstappropriated fundstoaidStateschoolswhich gavevocationaltraininginagriculture. Withinafewyearsthevocationalagriculturestudentsbegantoformlocalclubs.Local clubsco-operatedinvariousprogrammesandactivitiesandstate organisationsdeveloped. In1928underthesponsorship oftheUnitedStatesOfficeof EducationtheboysdecidedtocoordinatealllocalandStatevocationalagricultureclubsintoa nationalorganisationandcalled ittheFutureFarmersofAmerica.

PrimaryaimoftheFuture FarmersofAmericaisthedevelopmentofagriculturalleadershipco-operationandcitizenship.Thisisthecreedtowhich

thefuturefarmersadhere:"1believeinthefutureoffarming, withafaithbornnoto a butofdeeds.

"Ibelievethattoliveand workonagoodfarmispleasant aswellaschallenging.

"Ibelieveinleadershipfrom ourselvesandrespectfrom others.

"IbelievethatruralAmerica canandwillholdtruetothe besttraditionsinournational lifeandthatIcanexertaninfluenceinmyhomeandcommunitywhichwillstandsolidfor mypartinthatinspiringtask."

TheFFAmakesfarmingmean somethingtoitsmembers.The boysareencouragedtogoatthe businessoffarmingscientifically andearnwhiletheylearn.

Inschooltheytakefulladvantageofthemachineshopand carpentrywork,livestock,crop andpastureimprovementcourses,andotherinstructioninagriculture.

Outofschoolthevocational agricultureinstructorfollowsup classroomtheorybyadvisingthe youngfarmeronindividualand clubprojectsonayear-round basis,. Hevisitstheboysontheir homefarms,constantlyexposing themtothelatestandmost worth-whiledevelopmentsinagriculture,andguidestheminactualfarmwork.

InthiswayFFAmembers makeasmuchprogressinfive orsixyearsasmanyfarmers doinalifetime.

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Secularism 20thCentury'Edition

WhythePersonalFaultisGraver ThantheSocialEvil

HowtoHalttheReligiousAnaemiaofOurTimes

ByLOUISBALDWIN.

"Aradicalchangeinasociety isimpossiblewithoutaradical changeintheindividualscomposingthatsociety,"warnsLouis Baldwin,ProfessorofEnglishat DePaulUniversity,analizing whatPiusXIIcalls''thereligionsanemiaofourtimes."

NotlongagoDr.Charles ClaytonMorrisonicompleteda seriesofthirteenarticlesentitled"CanProtestantismWin America?"publishedinthemagazine,"TheChristianCentury."

Hepresentedasortofcompetitivetrichotomy,athree-corneredarenainwhichthreegladiator's-Protestantism,Catholicismandsecularism-belabour eachothertowinthehandof mankind.Thesecularististhe strongestofthethree,notbecauseheisthebiggest,butbecausehewearsthelady'sfavour. TheCatholicisthemostdangerous,notsimplybecauseat themomentheseemsmostdetermined,butbecauseheisofa ratherdictatorialnatureand,if hewinsthelady,willmakeher utterlymiserable.TheProtestant,whoisofcoursetheradiantherointhetriangle,isthe weakestfighterbecausehelacks coordination.Untilhecoordinateshisefforts,saysDr.Morrison,hecannothopetobeeffective;inshort,thehopeofProtestantismliesinan"ecumenicalchurch,"intheunificationof allitsmanysects.

IdonotthinkweneedconcernourselvesherewithDr. Morrison'sproposal.Itisnot thefirstattemptthathasbees madetorallyProtestantsunder asinglebanner,anditsuffers fromafundamentalcontradictionthatplaguesallsuchattempts.Protestantism.ifitisto remaintruetoitsprinciplesof

privateinterpretation,ispredominantlyanarchist;andthere arecertainobviousdifficultiesin proposingtoagroupofanarchiststhattheygettogetherto formasinglegovernment.

Nordoesitseemnecessaryto discusshischargethattheCatholicChurchisessentiallyantidemocratic.Thechargeishackneyednow,andwhattruthit doescontainhasbeensodisproportionatelyexploitedthat, likeHitler'schargesagainstthe Jews,itrefutesitselfinitsown exaggeration.Thereisnotvery muchtobegained,either,from merelyraisingthetemperature incurrentreligiouscontroversies.Itshouldbemorefruitful toconsidertheproblempresentedbythecommonenemy,secularism-which,writesDr.Morrison,"isanoutlookonlifelimitedtothisworldonly.Iteither deniesorhasnointerestinaffirmingthathumanlifehasany meaningbeyondtheimmediate ,perienceofitsevents."

Secularismthen,lacksthecodifiedsetofprincipleswhichwe wouldexpectofaphilosophy; hateverphilosophicprinciples maybelatentinitareundoubtedlythoseofmaterialism(its firstofficialimpresarios,HolyoakeandBradlaugh,wererespectivelyanagnosticandan atheist),buttheseprinciplesfind expressioninattitudesandin humanconductratherthanin speculativedata.Thisdistinction,impliedinDr.Morrison's definitionofsecularismasan "outlookonlife,"isimportant becausetheveryvaguenessand intangibilityofsecularismrenderit,likeacolourlessandodorlesspoisongas,peculiarlyinsidious.

Inthisrelativelyamorphous state,furthermore,lackingasit doesspecifytenets,itisoaten-

siblycompatiblewithreligion. Materialismdeniesthespiritual; secularismmerelyignoresorneglectsit,limitingitsscope.Thus JohnDoe,who-beheCatholic, ProtestantorJew-wouldinstinctivelyrejectmaterialism,is farmoresusceptibletowhat seemstohim(if,indeed,heisat allawareofitsexistence)tobe nothingmorethananinnocent changeinviewpoint.Hedoes notseethatinexaltingCaesar hehumblesGod.

SecularismdeniestoGodand religionanypartintheconduct ofhumanaffairs-government, education,business;inthis,itis aspecificallymodernphenomenon.Theancientpaganswere notsecularists,fortheyhadno needtobe-theirproteangods couldbeconvenientlyremodelledtosuitthechangingtimes. Religion,howeverperverted,was apartoftheirlives.Nor,obviously,wasChristendomasecularistsociety.Itwasnotuntil relativelyrecenttimesthatmen begantothinkofreligionas somethingtobetolerated on Sundaymorningandthenquite convenientlyforgottenforthe restoftheweek.

Secularismhasitsrootsinthe firstoftheworld-flesh-devil triad,rootsinman'sfallennaturewhichreachbacktoGenesis. ItrepresentsthemodernlukewarmChristian'svagueandvain attempttoreconcilehisreligion withhisworldliness,toserve twomasters.Inthissense,it isworldliness-inthetwentiethcenturyedition.

IntheearlyMiddleAges,since societywasprimitiveandthe goodthingsofthisworldwere relativelyscarce,andsincereligiouslifewasguidedbyauniversallyrecognisedauthority, worldlinesswaslimitedlargely tothepropertiedclasses,and wastramelledeventhere.With theintroductionofOrientalluxuriesduringtheCrusades,however,andthemultiplyingofcommercialopportunities,thethings ofthisworldbecamemoreeasilyavailableandhencemore numerous.Theworldbecame ripeforworldliness.Thena strangethinghappened.

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Manyoftherepresentatives ofthatorganisationspecifically designedtocombatworldliness (aswellasthefleshandthedevil),insteadofcombatingit,succumbedtoit.Churchmenbegantobereproachedforfailing topractisewhattheypreached. Muchofthecriticismwashealthyandnecessary-anditmight havebeensuccessful.Butit neverhadachance.Inthesixteenthcenturyotheranddifferentcritics,manyoftheminspiredbyafearof"theworld,"introducedthedoctrineofprivate interpretation,andthelidblew off.Theyseizeduponwritings whichtheChurchhadcollected andpreservedforfifteenhundredyearsasdivinelyinspired, andthendeniedthelegitimacy oftheChurch.Inprofessedly attemptingtohaltthegrowthof worldliness,thereformersof thedaydestroyedtheoneremainingcheckuponit.

Eachmancouldnowinterpret thewordofGodashesawfit; hisweakenedwillcouldnowbe justifiedbyhisowndarkenedintellect.Hecouldrationalise hissinsandhispeccadillosand hisworldlinesstohisheart's content.Andhedid.Inthe doctrineofpredestinationhe wentsofarastodiscoverthat theelectwouldenjoynotonly thehappinessofthenextworld, hutalsothegoodsofthisoneaphilosophythatprovedmost comfortingintheensuingscramble.

Christendomneverrecovered fromthatblow;itisstillfalling topiecesaroundtheeternalrock ofChristianity.Asfeudalism

ofWorldliness

decayedinanageofgunpowder andgrowingtrade,andfinally diedintheliberalismofthe ighteenthcentury,anewsocietyaroseinwhicha.newproblemreplacedtheold:theaverageman,whobeforemayhave servedalord,nowhadtoearn aliving.Hebecameabsorbed inearninga&frig(anabsorptionwithwhich,Iamsure,most ofusintheboatwithhimcan s:.mpathise),andtheninearning abetterliving.Isitsurprisingthatbeforelongwefindhim, forallpracticalpurposes,consideringthatbetterlivingashis ultimateend?

Thenineteenthcenturywrappedthepackage,especiallyin thislandofopportunity.Inadditiontothegrowinginfluence ofpopularscienceandthevast increaseinmaterialwealthprosidedinthewesternworldby themassproductionofindustiialism,therewasinAmerica thefrontier,which,untilabout theturnofthecentury,wasopen toallsortsofget-rich-quickexploitation.Thesefactorsproducedanationwhichisstillby fartheworld'srichest-therichestnationand,inviewoftherelationbetweenworldlinessand wealth,therichestfieldforthe growthofsecularism.

Onalmosteverypageofalmosteverymagazineweseethe symptoms.Nofamilyshould bewithouta1946car-except, perhaps,thosewhohavealreadyordereda1947.Thehappinessofahomemayhangprecariouslyupontheselectionofa brandofsoapflakes.Junioris dyingbyinchesforlackofKiddy-Krunchybreakfastcereal. Andthegirlwhoisn'tusingKisGudlipstickmightjustaswell beananchoressinthemiddleof theMojaveDesert.

Thoughmuchadvertisingbelongsinthelunaticfringeof secularism,itsfreneticactivities areneverthelesseffective.(The advertisingbusinessisnotso haphazardaswemightsometimesthink;ofallbusinesses,it isprobablythemostintrospective.)Theycouldbeeffective, ofcourse,onlyinahighlysecularisedsociety.Theyarethe symbolsoftwentieth-century civilisation.Foradvertising feedsuponourobsessionwith thethingsofthisworld.

Aradicalchangeinasociety isimpossiblewithoutaradical changeintheindividualscomposingthatsociety.Solongas menhatemen,weshallhave war;solongasmen-Christian men,atleast-cherishmaterial things,weshallhavesecularism. Thesearefundamentaland,givenman'sfallennature,perhaps ineradicableevils.Theremedieslienotinman'sconcern oversociety'sfate,butinhis conceinoverhisownfate.

Itisthislatterconcernthat holdstheanswertosecularism, whichisapersonalfaultbefore itisasocialevil.Surelyitis moresensibleforeachofusto treatit,totrytoovercomeit,in itspersonalratherthanitssocial aspect.Whatdoesitprofitman. toworryhimselfsickoverthe nextgenerationandneglecthis ownsoul?Letusfirst,byall means,getatthebeaminour owneye.

Thoseofuswhodonotbelieve thatlifeis"ataletoldbyan idiot,fullofsoundandfury,signifyingnothing"mustlearnto lookatthings,thoughbutdarkly,intheglassofeternity,for theretheSpiritloomslargeand theworldlookssmall.Wemust notmakegravenimagesofthose thingswhichliepreytorustand tothemoth.Thatyacht,that house,thatcar,thatphonographrecord,thatbook,those newshoes-letuskeepthese thingsintheirproperperspective,forweshallnottakethem withus.ABuickmaybea wonderfulpieceofmachinery andausefulthingtohave,but itisn'tthevehicletogetusto Heaven.Worldlinessdoesnot consistinfranticallysalaaming beforeournewradioeverymorning,nordoesother-worldliness consistonlyinthesortofprinciplesthatpromptMr.andMrs. JohnDoetohaveanewcarinsteadofanewbaby.Asalways, it'sthelittlethingswemust

watchfor:lettingaradiof:

grammemakeualatefor onSunday,supportingtheblacik marketbecausewesimplycan't dowithoutasteak,dropping dimesinthepoorboxanddollarsattheticketwindow.Let uskeepinmindthatawoman namedMarthaoncebecameao concernedoversoinnocent-and sotrivial-athingasthepreparationofamealthatshecomplainedtoherGuestthathersisterandshouldleaveHisCompany helpherwithdinner.

-Martha,Martha,"Hereplied, "youarecarefulandtroubled aboutmanythings;butonething isnecessary.Maryhaschosen thebestpart,whichshallnotbe takenawayfromher."

Thereisneedtokeepbeforeua thefactthatthislifeisonlyan instantinwhichwedetermine thewayweshallliveforeternity.Tolivespirituallyineternity,wemustlivespirituallynow. Ourlivesshouldbededicatedto ourultimateend.

Andletuspray-praywith theChurch,asmembersofthe MysticalBodyofChrist.Too manyCatholics,forexample,merelyattendMass,when,with thehelpofamissal,theycould participateintheMass,inits miracleoflove,itsdramaofsacrifice.Inthefrequentrecep- tionofthesacramentsweopen inoursoulsthespecialchannelsofdivinegrace.Wehavethe liturgyforourspiritualnourishment.Usingallthesemeans, wecandoourpartinremedyingthespiritualmalaisewhichPius XII.hascalled"thereligious anemiaofourtimes."

H.A.C.B.S.

Canice'sBranch,Cottesloe. AlargecontingentofmembersoftheStaroftheSea Branch,Fremantle,ledbyVicePresidentSisterLuff,accepted theinvitationofSt.Canice's Branchtoagameseveningon 5th.inst.Theyweregreeted byalargeattendanceofour ownmembersandfriendsfrom Claremont,CottesloeandMosmanParkparishes. PresidentBro.H.S.Moirestendedaverywarmwelcometo themembersoftheStarofthe SeaBranch,andexpressedthe hopethatthisinitialsocialfunctionwouldbetheforerunnerof manysimilareveningsinthe future.

Thebusinessoftheevening havingbeenconcluded,aprogrammeofgameswascarried out.Quoitsanddartsseemed tobeverypopularwiththe ladies,whilstthemenseemed quiteathomeatbowls.The maingame,Cottesloeversus Fremantle,resultedinawinfor Fremantle,15;Cottesloe,9. Adaintysupperpreparedby ladymembersandmembers' wiveswaspartakenofand broughtamostsuccessfuleveningtoaclose.Thebranchextendsitsbestthankstothe ladieswholookedafterthesupperarrangement&

St.Mary'sBranch,Leederville.

Atthemeetingheldon12th. inst.,MissCannelKeatingand Mr.G.Dwyerwereelected.Arrangementsweremadetotender SisterEleanorandBro.Leo Hickeyacomplimentarysocial, tomarktheoccasionoftheir wedding.Thiswillbeheldwhen theweatherismoreappropriate forthepurpose.Memberswere rsmindedoftheannualpicnic conductedbytheMetropolitan SocialCounciltobeheldon23rd.

CorrespondencefromtheDistrictBoarddealtwithadrivefor newmembers;thisBranch's quotabeing45byJune1,next. Membersareaskedtoco-operate inhelpingtogettheBranch's quota. Thebusinessofthemeeting washurriedlydisposedofto makewayforabeachparty.Six carsconveyedmemberstoScarboroughandasitwasanintenselyhotnightthissocialitem waskeenlyappreciated.The meetingonWednesday,26th,will commenceat7.30andifthe weatherissuitable,another beachpartywillbeheld.

HISEMINENCECARDINAL GRIFFIN.

CARDINALGRIFFINCHALLENGESTITO.

"ItwastheBritishGovernmentwhohelpedtoputTitoin powerandtheBritishGovernment,therefore,hassomeresponsibilitytoseethathedoes notmisusethatpower."-CardinalGriffin,speakingata SwordoftheSpiritmeetingin London,organisedasaprotest againstthesentenceimposedon Mgr.Stepinac,Archbishopof Zagreb.

"Thisisnotapurelyinternal matteraffectingonlythepeople orJugoslavia.Crimesarebeing committedagainstjustice,againsttheprinciplesofAtlantic CharterandagainstthoseprinciplesforwhichtheUnitedNationsclaimtostand."saidHis Eminence.

Therewascompleteevidence ofarealpersecutionoftheCatholicChurchinJugoslavia,said theCardinal,andchallenged Titotodenyit.

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**-AND CATHOLICSANDCALVINISTS"FRATERNISE."

WhenthenewBishopofVeszprem,Hungary,Mgr.Banass, wasconsecratedinhisparish churchinDebrecen,thelargest Calvinisttowninthecountry, CatholicsandCalvinistsmadeit adayfordemonstratingtheir friendshipforeachother.

CardinalMindszenty,theconsecrator,wasreceivedwithgreat enthusiasmbytheCallvinist clergy,headedbytheirBishop, Dr.Revesz,whorecalledthat whenthegreatCalvinistchurch inDebrecencaughtfirein1944 Mgr.Banassandotherpriests rushedtohelptosavethebuilding.

MONSIGNORTISOONTRIAL.

HeldinHighRegard. StrikingtestimonyoftheregardinwhichMgr.Tiso,Slo-vakia'sformerPresident,isheld bytheSlovakHierarchywas givenbyanincidentduringhis trialinBratislavaonchargesof treason.

WhentwoBishops-ArchbishopKmeltkoofNitraandBishopSkrabikofBanksoBystrica -werecalledtothewitnessbox, theywalkedacrossthecourtroomandshookhandswiththe accusedprelate.Thepresident ofthecourttookstrongexcep- tiontothisaction,whichhedescribedas"anunwarranteddemonstration."

BishopSkabriksaidthatMgr. Tiso protectionhadofferedhimpersonal whenitwasdecidedto evacuatethepopulationofBanskaBystrica.Heexplained,however,thataspastorofhisdiocesehecouldnotleavehissee.

WhenArchbishopKmetkowas facedwithastatementsaidto havebeenmadebyMgr. to theeffectthatSlovakiawouldresemblehellifitevercameunder Russianinfluence,oneofthe judgesaskedtheArchbisfibp whetherthecountryhadreally becomehellnow.

TheArchbishopreplied:"Well, notexactlyhell,butmaybepur- gatory."

DANISHAUTHOR.

JohannesJorgenson,theDanishconvertCatholic,whose poemsandbiographiesofSt. FrancisofAssisiandSt.CatherineofSienaareknowntheworld over,celebratedhis80th.birthdayatVadstena,Sweden,recently.

Mr.Jorgenson,withNorway's SigridUndset,representstheCatholicsofScandinaviaintheliteraryworldofto-day.Theeminenceofthesetwoisfaroutof proportiontothesmallnumbers oftheCatholicsinDenmark, NorwayandSweden,thetraditionallyLutherancountriesof NorthernEurope. Whatitmeantforayoung DanishpoettoturntotheCatholicChurchinDenmarkinthe 1890'sishardtocomprehend now.JohannesJorganson,by hisconversion,wasregardedas beingshutoutfromhisown generationandfromthenational fellowship,anditwasfeltthat hehadbroughthispromising careertoanend.Buthecarriedonwithremarkableindustry,inallofhisworkmanifestinghisnewFaith,andcompellinghisantagoniststhroughthe qualityofhispoetrytoadmit hisbrilliance.

Itwashisbooksabouthis wanderinginItalywhichconqueredthereadingpublicin Denmark,whosepeoplehavealwaysbeeninterestedinthings Italian.HisbiographyofSt. Franciswasapplaudedevenin LutherancirclesasamovinginterpretationofthelifeofahumbleservantofGod. JohannesJorgensonspenta gooddealofhislifeinItaly,visitinghisfatherlandonlyonrare occasions.Shortlybeforethe first.WorldWarhewasnamed aprofessorattheUniversityof Louvain,andaftertheGerman

OTES

invasionofBelgiumhewrotea famousandpassionateindict.meatofGermanbarbarity.

WhentheNazisandFascists concludedtheirAxisalliance, Mr.JorgensonleftItaly,to v;hichhehadreturnedafterthe firstWorldWar,andwentback toScandinavia.Whileinhis 70'sheproducedagreattwovolumeworkonSt.Bridgetof Sweden.Heiscredited,more thananyotherperson,with beingresponsiblefortheimprovementofthelotofCatholics inDenmarkinthepast10years.

POPEBLESSESARGENTINE IMMIGRATION.

"SpiritualandCorporalMercy:.

Receivingthecredentialsof Argentina'snewAmbassadorto theHolySeerecently,thePope describedtheArgentinescheme forreceiving4,000,000Europeans,manyofthemhomeless refugees,as"amostbeautiful pageofspiritualandcorporal mercy."

HisHolinessalsospokeofthe specialmiskonwhichnatiops thathadnotsufferedinthewar couldexerciseamongthestrickencountries.

"To-day,'hesaid,"thosenationswhichrejoiceinthepricelesshappinessofnothavingbeen involvedinthehurricanewhich broughtwithitthemosttragic ofallwars,arespirituallypreparedanddisposedtounderstandandappreciate,inanobjectivewayandwithserenity, whatarethelastingelementsfor apeaceworthyofthename.

"Tothesenationsthenisreservedtheimportantandnotinfrequentlyarduousworkofpreparingpeaceandconqueringtendencies,whentheyarediscovered,ofangerandreprisal.We havethegreatestconfidencethat theArgentinenation,whichfor thepast12yearshasdevoteditselftothisworkwithunforgettabledevotion,willnotletslip theoccasionofcollaboratingas intenselyaspossible."

HISEMINENCECARDINAL FRINGS, ArchbishopofCologne.

"WEHAVENOTBEEN NAZIS."

CardinalDefendsGerman Catholics.

"WeGermanCatholicshave notbeenNationalSocialists.but weloveourcountry;weloveher allthemoresincesheisnowin thedeepestdistress,"saidCardinalFrings,ArchbishopofCologne,whenhepreachedinWestminsterCathedralrecently.

HisEminencewasinEngland tovisitGermanprisoner-of-war camps.

"TheCatholicChurchinGermanyhasjustemergedfroma hardpersecution,"saidCardinal Frings."NationalSocialism andtheCatholicFaithareno lessincompatiblethanfireand water.

"IntheeventofaGermanvictory,theCatholicChurchinGermanywouldhavebeenfacedwith completedestruction.Ofmore than2,000priestsoftheArchdioceseofCologne,onlytwobecamemembersoftheNaziParty, thatis,lessthanoneperthousand.

"Happily,thesituationinthe otherprovincesoftheChurchin Germanywassimilar.Inthe CatholiccitiesofCologne,MunsterandPaderborn,NationalSocialismwasunabletotakeroot.

"TheCatholicChurchproved tobethestrongeststumblingblocktotheNationalSocialist creed.

"WeGermanCatholicshave notbeenNationalSocialists,but weloveourcountry;weloveher allthemoresincesheisnowin thedeepestdistressandwefight fortheinalienablerightswhich arehers.

SufferingBecauseofDuty.

"Ithasshakenmetothecore toseehowto-day,oneyearand ahalfafterthecessationofhostilities,thousandsandthousands ofyoungGermans,whoseonly faultconsistsinhavingdone theirduty,arestillkeptbehind barbedwire.Theysufferfor themegalomaniaofonesingle man.

"Englandfoughtthewaron behalfoftherightsoftheindividualandtherightsofsmallnations.Shehasnowmadea greatstartconcerningtherepatriationoftheprisonersof war.

"Iaskofyouasmybrethren intheFaithtodoallyoucanto seethatthisplanmaybecarriedoutandspeededupasmuch aspossiblleinorderthatmothers mayreceivebacktheirsons, wivestheirhusbands,andchildrentheirfathers,afterthelong yearsofseparation."

GloriousFuture.

Emigrantswillpaytheirown fare(about300dollars),either incashorindeductionfrom theirpayaftertheystartwork.

InBuenosAirestheywillbe welcomedbytheCentralImmicrationCommittee,whichwill findthemthesortofjobthey preferandcandobest.The firstgenerallabourerswillget thesamepayastheirArgentine peers,about75dollarsamonth. UnderPeron'sgrandiose,fiveyearplan,whichcallsamong otherthingsforasteelplantalmostasbigasPittsburgh's Homestead,thereshould be plentyforthemtodo.

SomeArgentineswerenot sappyaboutwhattheycalled"a tidalflowofholywater.""La Prensa"publishedpartofa manifestooftheunderground Italian"FascistDemocratic Party":"Ouraimistoexport Fascistelementstothosecountriesthatwilllistentothemin theirpropagandaforthefight nowgoingoninItaly."ConceivablyitreferredtoArgentina,a thirdofwhosepopulationisalreadyItalian.Repliedpro-Peron"ElLaborista":"Ourdoors areopentoallmenofgoodwill."

REVISEDPAPALSUCCESe SION.

The "Time,"AmericanNewsmagazine, initsissueof27th.ult., carriesthefollowinginteresting noteonnewresearchintothe PapalSuccession: TheRomanCatholicChurch thisweekofficiallyabolishedsix Popes.

Itwasmainlytheworkof77year-oudMonsignorAngeloMer- cati,PrefectoftheVaticanArchives,whobeganlookinginto thepaperrosterduringthereignofthepresentPontiff'spredeces-sor,PiusXI.Twocenturiesago GiovanniMarangoni,custodian oftheRomancatacombs,made upalistofpopesbasedlargely onaseriesofdatedpapelpor- traitsonthewallsofthefamed RomanChurch,St.Paul'sOutsidetheWalls.Scholarshad knownthattheoldlistwasinaccurate,butittookMonsignorMercati'sdiligentdiggingto&coverhowinaccurateitwas. ThisweekthenewVaticanDirectoryreportedtherevisedlist.

Highlights:

"Time,"theAmericannewsmagazine,writesoftheArgentineprojectasfollows:

InRome,anextraordinaryArgentineemissaryhadalreadybeguntheselecting.Hewasthe Rev.JoseClementeSilva,memberoftheSalesianOrderand brotherofPresidentPeron'smilitarysecretary.Hismission:to findinItalyandSpain(while DiplomatAdolfoScilingiscouted therestofEurope)the250,000 workers,preferablyskilledfactoryhands,whomJuanPeron needsforhisfive-year-plan.

SinceFatherSilvasetupshop inDecemberinRome'sluxurious GrandHotel,35,000Italianshad filledouthisforms.Applicationsstressedadesirefor "peace."Manyreviewedwar casualtiesinthefamily,general impoverishment.Allhadto signaffidavitsoftheirpolitical correctness(meaninganti-Communist).

FatherSilva'sfirstboatload willsailfromGenoathismonth. Soonitwillbefollowedby3,000 Poles,membersofGeneralAnders'army.BythetimeFather SilvahasopenedhisSpanish office,hehopestobesending 5,000emigrantsamonthfrom Europe,allinArgentinesships.

SixPopeshadtobedropped: one(DonusII)neverexisted; two(thesupposedthirdandfifth PopesCletusandAnacletus), werethesameman.Butthree newPopeshadbeenfound:BoldfaceVI.(forafewdaysin896), andpossibly,Discorus(for22 daysin530),andLeoVIII.(from 963to966).Inthecaseofno fewerthan74Popes,changes hadtobemadeinsuchmatters astheirnamesanddates.

Thirty-sevenanti-popesare listed,thefirstofwhom-Hip- polytusofthe3rd.Century-isstillconsideredasaint.From fourlegitimatepontiffsthedesignationofsainthoodwasremoved

Becauseofsketchyrecordsand thequestionablevalidityofsome papalelections,PiusXII.will probablyneverknowwhetherbe isthe256th.successorofSt. Peterorthe260th.-orsomewhereinbetween.

THIRDORDEROF ST.FRANCIS EXPOSITION.

OneachTuesday,at8a.m., ExpositionoftheMostBlessed SacramentcommencesatOur LadyChapel,VictoriaSquare, andendswithBenedictioninthe eveningat5.15p.m.

Thegeneralpublic,aswellas themembersoftheThirdOrder, areinvitedtopayasmanyvisits aspossibleeachTuesday.

Y.C.W.Championships

THEY.C.W.ATHLETICCHAMPIONSHIPSWILLBEHELD AT LEEDERVILLEOVAL, ON SATURDAYS,MARCH15th.and22nd.,1947. Commencing2p.m. Admissionls.only. SIXTYEVENTS(JUNIORANDSENIOR). EntrantsincludeFourStateRepreesntatives. SeeY.C.W.Notesinthisissueforfurtherdetaills.

REV.FATHERJ.C.SILVA.

LentenDiscipline Returns

TherelaxationoftheLentendisciplineduringthewar yearstestifiedtotheChurch'srealconcernforthephysicalaswellasthespiritualwell-beingofherchildren. Withthereturnofnormalcytheobligationsoffastingand abstinencehavebeenre-introduced,andalthoughhabitis ahardtask-master,willmeetwithaloyalresponsefrom theCatholicpeople.OnAshWednesday,then,thedistriblitionoftheashesofficiallyusheredintheSeasonof Lent,whichinitselfisapreparationfortheChristian Pasch,whichcommemoratesthePassion,Death,andResurrectionofOurSaviour.IntheearlyChurch,Lent wasthetimeofpreparationforbaptismandalsothespecialoccasionforpublicsinnerstoprepareforabsolution. TheideaofthisspiritofpreparationtoshakeofftheshacklesofsinisthekeynotetotheunderstandingoftheLentenliturgy.Thisdeparturefromsinandunionwith Christwasfirsteffectedinourbaptismwhen,inthelanguageofSt.Paul,wewereburiedtogetherwithHimby baptismuntodeath,thatwemightarisewith.Himand walkinnewnessoflife.And,again,itiseffected eachtimewedopenanceforsinandarerestoredtograce. Lent,then,isatimeofretreatforthewholeChristian world,atimeforus,asforthecatechumensandpublic sinners,ofprayer,fastingandrecollectionasfarasour dailydutiespermit.

Thepenitentialpracticesoffastandabstinenceduring theLentenSeasonaredesignedtotrainthesoultovirtue andholinessoflifebydestroyingsin,theonemortaldiseaseofthesoul,byimpellingittorepentance.andtothe useofthosemeansofforgivenesswhichChristhasentrustedtoHisChurch.Mortificationevenanticipatessin bydealingwithtemptationstosin,againstwhichit strengthensthesoulbyinducingittoaccepthardships, howeversevere,ratherthanyieldtothetemptation.Hence, mortification,thoughfromonestandpointalawofdeath, accordingtoitsderivation,isultimatelyandfundamentallyalawoflife,elevatingandnotdestroyingnature.St. PaulhadthisinmindwhenhewrotetotheRomans: "Ifyouliveaccordingtotheflesh,youshalldie;butif,by theSpirit,youmortifythedeedsoftheflesh,youshalllive.' Mortificationis,then,tobepractisedinthebestinterests ofthesoul,forbydestroyingthediseasesofthesoul,itrestoresandinvigoratesitstruelife.

DEATHS.

LLOYD.-OnFebruary12,1947, athisresidence,AdelaideTerrace,Perth,RobertWilliam, belovedhusbandofEmilie Josephine,fondfatherof Thelma(Mrs.GeraldBrain), Marian(Mrs.J.Punch),Robert,Arthur,Harold,Philip, andPaul,brother-in-lawof Edith,anduncleofCharles (Majoi-GeneralLloyd,Victoria).

LOWRY.-OnFebruary12,1947, athisresidence,8Alexanderstreet,Wembley,PatrickJosephLowry,dearlybelovedhusbandofIvyEllen,devoted fatherofPatricia,James,Michael,Patrick,Veronica,Theresa,Martin,Tom,Margaret, Joe,andDan(deceased),fond father-in-lawofMaxine,and grandfatherofMargaret;age 66years.R.I.P.

KISSANE,DanielPatrick.-Died January24,1947,lovingbro- therofSis,Ted,Josieand Alice,andMollie,Kate,Rosie, MaggieandMichael(deceased). SacreaHeartofJesus,have mercyonhissoul.

INMEMORIAM.

CURTIS.-Ofyourcharity, pleaseprayforthereposeof thesoulofJohnJames(Jack), dearlylovedhusbandofWinifred,andloving,fatherof PaulineandJohn,of89Wilson-street,Kalgoorlie,whodepartedthislifeonFebruary 22,1946. Eternalrestgrantuntohim, 0Lord,andmayperpetual lightshineuponhim.R.I.P.

KEOGH.-Ofyourcharityplease prayforthereposeofthesoul ofMargaretKeogh(latePerenjori),whodiedFebruary22, 1945,belovedsisterandsisterin-lawofJ.andF.Leyden,lovingauntofEileen,Francis, MaryandJune.R.I.P.

MORAN,JamesFrancisco(P/0 HalifaxBomber).-Missing raidoverLeipsig,February20, 1944,dearlylovedsonofBerthaandJimMoran,brotherof Pat,Joan,Bertie,Bill,Peter, John,Nancye,TerryandKaye. R.I.P.

SweetHeartofJesus,have mercyonhissoul.

QUAIN.-Ofyourcharity,pray forthereposeofthesoulof mymother,whopassedaway February8,1937.

-InsertedbyPat.

STOKES.-Inaffectionatememoryofmydearfather,Abel Stokes,diedFebruary16,1936. Alsomydearmother,Frences Stokes,diedMay8,1942. SweetJesus,havemercyon theirdearsouls,andallthe soulsofthefaithfuldeparted.

-Insertedby'theirloving daughter,CatherineEddy.

ROOMTOLET.

Wantedrefinedbusinessgirl, tosharelargedoubleroom;use conveniences,piano;NorthPerth suburb;handytransport.Apply R.O.19.

SITUATIONSVACANT.

HolidayResorts

MASSTIMETABLE,

Albany:

EverySunday:7.30a.m.and9.45 &W. DailyMassat7.30ainduring schoolholidays;6.30a.maother

Bunbury:

St.Patrick'sChurch: AllSundays:7.30a.m.and9.30 am HolidaysofObligation:7a.m. and8a.m. SouthBunbury: 8a.m.onallSundays, HolidaysofObligation:7sm. Fremantle: 7,9,and10.30a.m.

Beaconsfield: 7and9a.m.

Spearwood: 8.30a.m.

Rockingham: 10a.m.onallSundaysduringholidays

BusseltonandDistricts:

February23:Busselton,7.30 Marybrook,9.30a.m.

March2:Busseleon,7.30a.m.; Cundensip,10a.m.

March9:Busselton,7.30a.m.; Cowarnurp,10a.m.

March16:Busselton,7.at1 MargaretRiver,10a.m.

LegionofMotu

BankofN.S,W.Chambers, 15St.George'sTerrace (FormerlyC.G.M.Headquarters),

EXPOSITION:

ExpositionoftheBlessedSacramentisheldeveryThursdayinthe LegionofMaryChapel,atthe aboveaddress, AcordialinvitationisextendedtoallLegionaries, ActiveandAuxiliary,andtothe Catholicpeopleingeneral,topay avisitduringtheday.Exposition commencesafter8a.m.Mass,sad concludeswithBenedictionat510 pm.

ROSARY.

TheRosaryisrecitedpublicly eachdayintheChapelat12,40and againat1.30p,m.MakeapratticeofvisitingtheChapelforthe recitationofyourdailyRosary.

LUNCHEONROOMS.

Inadditiontothecurativeaims.ofmortification,penanceisalsoemployedasapersonalexpiationinunion WithChrist'sAtonementforoursins,andthisisvery pleasingtoGod.Itexplains,moreover,thesevereausterityofmanyoftheSaints.Thediscipline,however,of thesoulandtheinternalmortificationofprideandselfloveareinfacttheessentialendofallexternalpenance, whichisefficaciousonlysofarasitspringsfromthisinternalspiritandservestopromoteit.SotheChurchprays onAshWednesdaywiththewordsofJoeltheProphet: "Rendyourheartsand.notyourgarments,andturntothe LordyourGod."AccordinglytheChurchhasmitigated fromtimetotimetheseverityoftheLentenfasttoserve thebestinterestsofthesoulsOfherchildren.ButShe hasnot,andcannot,relaxherdemandforthatinnerchange ofheart,thatputtingoffofthe"oldman"whichisthepurposeofLent,inpreparationforthetruerejoicingatEaster. andforthereceptionoftheEasterSacrament.Letus thenstrivetomakeofLentapersonalsuccesswhilepray- ingthatGridmaycreateacleanheartandrenewaright spiritwithinus.

WantedforMelbourne,capablegirlormiddleagedwoman; lightdomesticduties;fondchitden;travellingexpensespaid;referencesessential.ApplyT.A., hisoffice.

HOUSEFORSALE.

J.W.B.,4rooms,etc.,toelderlycouple,onconditionvendor rentsoneroom.Possessionend March.ApplySimeon,this office.

WANTED.

UrgentlywantedbyR.C.couple,furnishedorunfurnisred houseorflat;carefulandreliable tenants.Reply"A,""Record Office,Perth.

BOARDANDRESIDENCE.

Universitystudent(male)re-

March23:Busselton,7.30a.m.; Marybrook,9.30a.m.

March30:Busselton,7.30a.m.: Karridale,10a.m.

April6:Busselton,7,30a.m.: ('undenup,10a.m. Scarborough: EverySunday:8a.m. NorthBeach: EverySunday:8.15a.m. OsbornePark: EverySunday:730andlu

a1311.; a.m

SPECIALCOURSEOFLENTENSERMONS.

AcourseofLentenSermons, atSt.Mary'sCathedral,willbe preachedbyRev.FatherBuist, C.SS.R.,commencingonSundayevening,February23.

TheLuncheonRoomsareopen eachdaybetween12noonand2 pin,Acupofteaisobtainable atasmallchargeof2d.This viceisavailabletoall,andbusiness girlsareespeciallyinvited:ospend theirlunchhourinthehappyeavironmentoftherooms

WARTIMEDISPENSA.

TIONFROMABSTINENCE TOCEASE.

ThedispensationfromMs. stinencewhichasawartimeprivilegehasbeenoper. atIngintheArchdiocese,will ceaseasfromAshWednesday(February19th.)ofthis year.Onandfromthatdate thelawofabstinencefrom meatonFridaysandother prescribeddayswillagainbe inforce.

44

LentenRegulations,1947 SUMMARYOFTHEREGULATIONSFORFAST ANDABSTINENCg.

1.OnFASTdays,thoseboundtofastareallowed onefullmealatmid-dayorintheevening.Inaddition, theyareallowedtwolightmeals-oneofabouteight ounces,andtheotheroftwoorthreeounces.Anykind offood,andhenceevenfleshmeat,maybeusedatall threemealsprovided,atthetwosmallmeals,thelimitof eightandtwoorthreeounces,respectively,benotexceeded.

2.OnABSTINENCEdays,fleshmeatandmeatsoup areforbidden.

3.Lardanddrippingmaybeusedondaysofabstinence,providedtheybeusedmerelyasacondimentorseasoning.

4.Friday,unlessitbeaHolidayofObligation,isa (layofabstinence.

5.AshWednesdayandtheFridaysinLentandEmberWeeksaredaysoffastandabstinence.

6.Mondays,Tuesdays,Wednesdays,Thursdaysand SaturdaysinLent,andtheWednesdaysandSaturdaysin QuarterTensearedaysoffastwithoutabstinence.

7.ThereisnofastorabstinenceonSundaysorHolidaysofobligation.

8.St.Patrick'sDayisexemptfromfast;ifitfalls onaFriday,itisnotexemptfromtheabstinence.

9.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirseventhyearare boundbythelawofabstinence.

10.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirtwenty-firstyear areboundbythelawoffasting;theyceasetobebound byitwhentheyhavebeguntheirsixtiethyear.

11.Thosewhoareindelicatehealthorwhoareengagedinexhaustingwork,arenotboundtofast.Ofcourse, thosewhoareseriouslyillarenotboundbyeitherfastor abstinence.

12.OnthedaysmentionedinNo.6,thosewhoare notboundtofastarenotlimitedbythelaweitherastothe qualityorquantityofthefoodtheywishtotake.

13.TheLentenFastandAbstinenceceaseatnoonon HolySaturday.

-ahneurgovaCtriteer

ArchbishopofPerth. 44.

iscritninations

Groucho9sSCREENNOTES

REVIVALOF"GONEWITH THEWIND."

Thiscelluloidmonster(three hoursfortyminutes)wasfirst screenedinPerthaboutsixyears ago,andsincethenithasbeen twicerevived. Isupposethere arefewofourreaderswhohave notyetseenthisfilmandthatis thereasonwhywehavenotdevotedanylongreviewtoit.The picturehasitsflawsbutitstill remainsamemorablefilm.With highbravadoithassuccessfully recreatedthepageantryandtrageciyoftheAmericanCivilWar, andwiththisasaterrificbackground,wefollowthevarying fortunesofthedominatingheroine,ScarlettO'Hara,inherown personalwas(veryuncivil).

Athirdvisittothisfilmhardlymakesitlessimpressivethan thatofsixyearsago.Again wearethrilledbytheamazing performancesofthehugecast headedbyVivienLeigh,Clark Gable,andthelateLeslieHoward,intheimpeccablyactedrole ofAshleyWilkes.AposthumousviewoftheartistryofHowardbringshomehisdeathwith addedsharpness.Togetherwith therestofthecast,hepoints thetragedyofwarallover again.Thisfilmhasentertainmentqualities,anamazingvigour,andnarrativeinterestnot, onefeels,everapproachedduringthesixorsevenyearssince itwasproducedbyDavidSelznickforM.G.M.

THERETURNOFNORMA SHEARER.

ThenewsthatNormaShearer ispreparingascreencomebackafterfiveyears'absence willbeverywelcometothe manythousandswhoenjoyedher vividpersonalityandintelligent actingartistryinsuchfilmsas "SmilingThrough,""TheBarrettsofWimpleStreet,""The LastofMrs.Cheyney,""PrivateLives,""RomeoandJuliet," and"MarieAntoinette."Miss Shearerwasfirstmarriedtothe lateIrvingThalberg,ofM.G.M., andthereweretwochildrenof thismarriage.Afewyearsago shemarriedMartinArrouge, whowasatestpilotoftheNavy duringthewar.Forherprojectedcome-backthe"FirstLady oftheScreen"willbeseeninthe roleofatempestuousheroinein amodernromanticdrama,"The UnguardedHeart,"whichisan originalstorybyanAmerican authorcalledHarryBrown. We aretoldthattheproductionis underway,but,apartfromthat, allissilence.

ReaderswillnodoubtrememberthatNormaShearerwasreceivedintotheCatholicChurch in1946.

"BLITHESPIRIT."

ImustconfessthatIwassadlydisappointedwiththisBritishmadeproductiondNoelCoward'slatestcomedyhit.Perhapsasaplay"BlitheSpirit" hadsomething,inviewofthe factthatithadamazinglylong seasonswheneveritwas.produced,butithasevidentlylost plentyinitstransitiontothesilverscreen.Thefilmgetsoffto afairlyfastpace,butitslowed downbadly,andthefewflashes ofsparklingwitthatgenerally characteriseCoward'scomedies arefewandfarbetweeninthis production.Theactingofthe smallcastwasexcellent,but

MargaretRutherford,astheMediumMadameArcati,though probablyincharacter,tendedto gettediousattimes.

Itisgenerallyacknowledged thatNoelCowardisoneofthe brightladsofthepresentday Englishstage.Withhissmooth abilitytogarbdirtandsexin atransparentcloakofsophisticationhehas,byhiscomedies, foundfavouramongmodernsop. histicates-thosereallyenlightenedpeoplewhohavenowdiscoveredthatevery-dayvirtues anddecenciesareflavourlessand toodull.Noplaywrightinour timehassucceededmorethan Cowardinmakingadulteryso unimportant.Ofcourse,atthe moment,Iamonlythinkingof manyofCoward'scomedies.It isonlyfairtomentionthatsome ofhisgreatestsuccesses-farticularlyonthescreen-suchas "Cavalcade,""InWhichWe .-_erve,"and"ThisHappyBreed, arefreeofthisobjectionable taintandcansafelybeseenby all.Thesethreefilmsmentionedareintheirrespectiveclasses aboutasgoodascanbefoundon themodernscreen.Thecomedyiswellnamed.Everything isblitheaboutit-especiallythe situationinwhichabubbling idiotofaclairvoyant,having succeededinmaterialisingnot onlythefirstwifeofanEnglish suburbanCasonova,butalsothe second,whenshehasbeenhustledofftotheastralspherebythe firstone,hastotrytosendboth spousesbacktoincorporeality; whichdoesn'tpreventtheircontinuingtohaunttheharassed husbandbybangingdoors,breakingvases,andknockingpictures offtheirnails.Althoughthe filmhasawickedtwistofhumourinthefinalscene,onefeels thatmorecouldhavebeenmade ofthenovelideaoftheplay, whilstportionsofthedialogue andsituationssavouringonthe suggestivecouldbesafelyand wiselyomitted.LikeShelley's "Skylark,"Cowardcanbea blithespirit,butIwouldbe loathetoadmitthathislatest screenofferingis"fromheaven, ornearit,"anditbearsmeagre evidenceofNoel"pouringhis fullheartinprofusestrainsof unpremeditatedart." Ifyourniss"BlitheSpirit," don'tworry.

TITFOR TAT.

Whenthemovieversionof ClemenceDane's"BillofDivorcement"wasatlastcompleted, KatherineHepburnapproached JohnBarrymoreandsaid: "Thankheavens,Idon'thaveto actanymorewithyou!"As always,Barrymorewasequalto theoccasion.Hequietlyand quicklyreplied:"Ididn'tknow youeverhad,darling."PeriapsthiswasabithardonMiss Hepburn,butIthinkBarrymore knewmoreaboutactingthanhis co-starwouldeverknow.As manyofmyreaderswillreadily agree,Katieattimescango throughasemblanceofacting withlesslife,expression,and voiceintonationthananyother screenpersonalitywithinmemory. "ABillofDivorcement"isa veryfinedrama,anditisinterestingtonotethatitisonce againbeforethecameras.The firstscreenversionprovidedthe lot-JohnBarrymorewithone ofhisfinestscreenroles.

661-nrego'My FamousComedy

TherevivalbytheCathedral Playersofthepopular"Pego' MyHeart"willbewelcomedin manyquarters.Theplayprovidessparklingcomedywithjust sufficienttouchofsentimenttb endearittothegeneral-public. EspeciallyamongCatholicswill theplaybewellreceived,forthe storyisofanIrishgirl,most unmistakablyCatholic,whofinds herselflandedinanEnglish householdwherethefamilyisof theultra-conservativetypeoften lampoonedincontemporaryliterature.

TheChichestersofRegalVilla arejusttoo"utterlyutter."Their habitualsnobbishnessissuitably enshrinedinthemarble-likeand statuesquefigureofMrs.Chi chester,andtheirinanityispitilesslyspotlightedinthecomic portraitofpoorAlaric,heirto theChichesterhalfpence-for "thebankisbust."Theremainingmemberofthefamily, Ethel,illustratesinherown wretchednesstheaxiomatictruth thattruehappinessmustbebuilt upfromwithin,

ThecomingofPegonthisdismalsceneisasabreathoffresh airwaftedfromtheopensea. Ladenwithparcelsandtrailinga

Heart99

willbeRevived

CELIA REITH.

dog,sheadvancespigeon-toed butunabashedintothechilly presencepftheChichesters. AlaricisHorrified,the"mater" freezes,Ethelmakesupher mindaboutsomething.Jarvis, theimperturbablebutler,isbadlyshaken.Fromthispointonwardsthecomedyisfastand furious,withadashofromance andanostalgicbackwardglance fromPegatdearoldIrelandand herbeloved,table-thumping fatherwho"madehisspeeches fromthetailofacartwhilewe livedinthemiddleofit."

IfthecharacterofPegisnot trulyauthentic,itisatleast faithfulindetailtoatypeof

RHONA EDGAR.

wildIrishtomboywhichoccupies apermanentplaceinliterature andintheheartsofEnglishspeakingpeople.Peg,thewild Irishromp,isan.entirelylovablecreature.Shelivesina worldofherownwhereshesees onlyblackandwhite;herimpact ontheartificiallifeoftheChichesterfamilyproducesresults whichareasinstructiveasthey areamusing.

TheCast.

InRhonaEdgartheCathedral PlayershavesecuredaPegwho isaworthysuccessortoNora McPherson,sosuccessfulinthe partwhentheRepertoryClub producedtheplayfouryearsago. MissEdgardistinguishedherself lastyearin"TheOldMaid." Shecombinesthenaturalattributesofyouth-freshness,charm, vivacity,etc.-withanintelligentappreciationofwhatgood actingmeans,andherrendering ofthisdifficultleadingrolewill doalottoestablishherinthe fieldofamateurtheatricals. Threemembersofthe1943Repertorycastarebackintheirold positions.RonEvansisplaying hisfavouriteroleofAlaric, JoyceRileyisMrs.Chichester, andBillBrownisonceagainJarvis,theperfectbutler.Theremainingmembersofthecastare BillDixon(Jerry),CeliaReith (Ethel Chichester), Frank O'Grady(ChristianBrent),BarbaraBriggs(Bennett),and KeithSpruhan(Montgomery Hawkes).Itshouldbeadded thatJock(Michael),oneofthe *.wodogsintheplay,isalsorecreatingaroleinwhichheprevi,uslyattractedmuchnotice.

"Pego'MyHeart,"which Jrokeallrecordswhenlastpre-,entedinPerth,willbeproduced byCyrilRiley.ItwillbeplayedinCathedralHall,Murraystreet,onMarch6,7,8,13,14, 15.BookingopensatNicholson'snextMonday(February 24). -DEGUSTIBUS.

TivoliProgramme

"RENUNCIATION"AnUnusualItem

EveryoneinPerthknowsthat theTivoliisthehomeofvaudeville;everyoneknows,too,that vaudevilleisapttogetoutof handasregardsthemoraltone. ThereforethemanagementrightlydiscouragechildrenfromattendingtheTivoli.andparents shoulddolikewise.

Withrespecttoadultstheind.vidualconsciencemustanswer.

UproariousComedy.

Perthpatronsofvaudeville haveshownamarkedpreference forcomedyofthefastslapsticksortofwhichGeorgeWallaceisthemaster.InPerthlast yearIkeDelavaleprovedahuge popularsuccess,becausehewas abletohandoutlargedosesof inconsequentialnonsensewhich deriveditsfunninessmorefrom Delavale'spersonalitythanfrom anyintrinsicmerit.Nowthere isMorrie("Slim")Barlingto carrythetorchwhichDelavale dropped.

BarlingisbilledastheAtomic Comic.Thistitleseemsextravagantuntilonehasactuallyseen himinaction.Thenthereis

shaistheguidinggeniusofthis trio.MohamedIshaq,theIiianMystic,woulddowellto investhismagicwithmoremyt teryandlesspunning.Hewould haveachievedamuchgreater effecthadhemaintainedanunbrokensilence.

"Renunciation."

AnunusualdeparturefromnormalfareattheTivoliwasthe stagingofatableaupurporting givethestoryofapaintingby

nodoubtleftinone'smindthat heisdeservingofsomesuchappellationas"Atomic." Heis byfarthefastestcomedianI haveseen,anditishardtoimagineanyoneplayingatgreater speed.Notonlyishedevastatinglyquickinhismovements andpatter,buthiswholebody seemstobeanargumentforthe existenceofperpetualmotion. Hisfeatures,moreover,areexceedinglyexpressive,andthere issomethinggnomishabouthis generaldeportment.Heis"goingoverbig."

Thespecialityactsatthe'1ivoliarenotasimpressiveinthe currentprogrammeastheyhave beenintherecentpast.Noact, inmyopinion,reachesthebrillianceandpolishdisplayednot longagobyWheelo,theWonderonWheels,RheblatheJuggler,andtheteamofgirlacrobats.However,theThreeRockets,MastersofModernMelody, providedasessionofquick-fire syncopationwhichnodoubtsuitedmanypeopleanddazzledall h'sheerspeed.JackBroken-

PhilipCalderon,R.A.,hungin theNationalGalleryofBritish Art,Milbank,London.The paintingisentitled"Renunciation,"andthestory,briefly,concernsagirlwhoenteredaconventbecauseherhusbandhad beenkilledinaduelwiththe girl'sillicitlover.

Whileacknowledgingthegoodwillandsinceritybehindthis gesture,onemustpointoutthat thestorydoesnotaccordwith theCatholicviewpointonvocationstothereligiouslife.It isanalltoowidelybelieved myththatconventsaretherefugeofjiltedandbroken-hearted women.Girlsdonotrenounce theworldanditspompsandgo intoconventsbecausetheyhave fallenbythewayside;ifsuch aonewereto admittancepresentherselffor toaconventshe

CLARICEGRAHAM.

wouldcertainlyhavethegreatestdifficultyinentering.It woudneedtobeestablished'beyonddoubtthatshehadagenuinevocation.

Disregardingthefalsereligioussentimentinthisitem,oneis boundtoapplaudtheperformanceofthecompere,Clarice Graham,whoinfusedvigourand sincerityintoherrecitalofthe story.Praiseisduealsoto ThereseD'Avenal,who,1understand,supervisedthecompositionoftheportraitwhichforms thestrikingfinale.

-.DEGUSTIBUS.

Rev.FatherJ.J.Rafferty, secretarytotheArchbishop,will leaveonSaturdayforEirefor anextendedholiday.Hewas tendedafarewellbytheCathedralparishionersandhismany friendsonSundayeveninginthe CathedralHall.Accompanying himabroadareRev.FatherJ. McGillicuddy,parishpriestof Armadale,andRev.FatherCarolan,parishpriestofKalgoorlie. Rev.FatherK.Slowey,whohas beenattachedtothestaffofSt. Charles'Seminary,joinedthe shipatSydney.

MORRIE("SLIM")BARLING, fastcomedian.

YCW

ACTIVITIES

DiocesanHeadquarters: NationalMutualBuildings,81St. George'sTerrace,Perth.

'Phone:B2548.

HEADQUARTERS.

Meetingsforthemonthof

February:Monday,24th.,Y.C.W. Executive; Thursday,27th., SportsCouncil.

Thefirstcountrybranchof theY.C.W.wasofficiallyopened atNorthamonThursday,February13. Sixleadersreceived badgesand30generalmembers wereenrolled.

Congratulations,Northam,we atHeadquarterswillhelpyouin everypossiblewayandjoin withalltheotherbranchesin wishingyourbrancheverysucCOWL

aesesesesesealseelieleaSale.WealeeelaNa

RACINGSELECTIONS

Be"THEHAWK." W.A.T.C.

Saturday,February22,1947

DurableHandicap:Reinita,1; Solyolist,2;MelodyGirl,3.

FlameMaiden:Virgo,1;Miss Agnes,2;Wendy'sMate,3.

ScarpiaHandicap:SansLente, 1;TonyMasin,2;Arrowglen,3. WanderingWillieHandicap: Won,1;MorVeil,2;GoldPatois,3.

PaulPryWelter(2):Gay Flora,1;KentishLady,2;Meroic,3.

PaulPryWelter(1):Dark Brocade,1;PrinceBrian,2;Auvine,3.

SUBIACOBRANCH.

Cricket.

OnSunday,February16,we playedtheLeedervillebranchat HendersonPark.Thisisthe beginningofthesecondandlast qualifyinground,andwithfinals insightSubiacoturnedoutin forcefortheoccasion,and,battingfirst,putuptheirbestscore fortheseason,199for5,with 2wicketsdeclared.Inreplyto thiseffort,Leedervillecamein toattack,buttheirbatsmenfailedandtheywereforcedtocarry onwiththeirsecondinnings, whichdidnotyieldaswelleven asthefirst,andatthecompletionoftheirplayLeederville wereonly53,andtheresultwas aclear-cutvictorytothelocals. Wehopetoreproduceourday's formforthefinal.JoeHodge andBillNelligansharedfairly evenlythebowlinghonours,and JohnnyLyons(retired51)was thetopscorer,withMickLowry (27retired)nextinline.

HIGHGATEBRANCH.

Thenewmeetingtimeproved tobequitesatisfactorytoall thosewhoattendedthegeneral meetinglastTuesdayevening.

ThebranchChaplain,Rev. FatherBrennan.madehisfirst appearanceatameetingthis year,whenhepresidedoverour lastmeeting.Hetookthe opportunitytoreminduswhat istherealpurposeofourMovementandwhatwemustaccomplishinthefuture.

Itwasunanimouslydecidedto discontinuethefortnightlydancesduringLent.ThefirstFridayafterEasterwillprobably seetherecommencementofthe dances.However,moredefinite detailswillbegiventhroughthis column.

Oneofthebranch'skeenest members,DougMcIntyre,hasreturnedtotheServices,witha tourofJapaninview,permediumoftheR.A.A.F.Weall wishhimthebestofluck.

LenSmithisanotherdueto leaveatanytimeforalifeon theoceanwave.

TomO'DwyerandAlanEdeardslookasthoughtheywill berepresentingW.A.inthe forthcoming SheffieldShield games.Withplayersofsuch calibre,theShieldispractically inWesternAustralianhands now.

ATHLETICS.

Y.C.W.CHAMPIONSHIPS.

Themajorsportingeventin theY.C.W.for1997istheAthleticChampionships,tobeheld atLeedervilleOval.Theprogrammeissolargethatitwill taketwodaystocomplete,and thecompetitionwillbeconducted onSaturdays,March15and22.

Strongteamshavebeenenteredfromninebranches throughoutthediocese,included amongthembeingfoursenior Staterepresentativesandfour juniorStatechampions. Subiacohasthelargestteam with23members,closelyfollowedbyFremantlewith20,andit mightappearthatthepoints competitionwillbefoughtout betweenthesetwobranches. However,thereareHighgateand Leedervilletoconsider,because theseteamsbothhavesomeexcellententrantswhoarequite capableofbringinginvaluable points.Nameswhichcometo mindatthemomentareBill Cochrane,BilldeGruchy,Neville BrownriggandJackPitts.

Theseniorall-roundchampion athleteisatitlewhichwillremainindoubtuntilthelast event.Likelywinnersofthis honourareKevinDuffy,Laurie Ryan,LeoHickey,GeoffWorner, andBrianMurphy.

Theseniorsprintsaresureto bethrill-packedwhenformer Statechampion,GeoffWorner, competesagainstyoungstar BrianMurphy.

InthejuniorcompetitionLeederville'sbrilliantathlete,Billde Gruchy,isastrongcontender fortheall-roundchampionship. Heissureofthe100andrL20 yards,andcanproducegood formintheshotputt,hammer throw,discusthrow,andjavelin throw.DesReed,Fremantle's powerfullybuiltfieldevent champion,willgiveBillsome competitionintheweight-throwingevents.JohnParkerisanotherstarfromFremantle,and hisencounterwithHighgate's JackPittsinthebroadjump willbeveryinteresting.

Nearly60eventswillbecontendedinall,andspectatorsare assuredofamostenjoyable time.

AdmissiontothegrOundis onlyls.eachafternoon.The programmecommencesat2p.m.

National Catholic Girls' MOVEMENT

Leaders'Retreat.

TherewillbeaLeaders'Retreatonthe22nd.-23rd.March (fourthweek-end).AnybrancheswishingtoattendthisRetreat,pleasegetintouchwith Headquarters.

PleaseNoteListofMeetingsfor March:

CouncilMeeting:March3.

ExecutiveMeetings:March 10;March31.

MarianLodgeMeetings:March 5and19.

LEEDERVILLEBRANCH. Tennis.

AsusualonThursdayevenings,atLoftusPark(newname) Courts.

GeneralMeeting.

NextgeneralmeetingonWednesday,March5. P.T.at7.46, beforemeeting.

DancingClasses. Justkeepwatchingthiscolumn.

FREMANTLEBRANCH. Dances.

Nextdanceon27th.inst.

COTTESLOEBRANCH.

Thenextgeneralmeetingwill beheldonSunday,23rd.inst.

MissWhitelywasinvitedto ourlastbranchmeeting,heldon the9th.inst.,togiveatalkon CatholicAction,whichwasvery interesting.

Thepicnicheldonthe2nd.inst. provedtobeagreatsuccess.

ProfessionCeremonyat VictoriaSquare

Averyimpressiveceremony tookplaceintheChapelofthe SistersofMercy,Victoria Square,onthemorningofFebruary4,whenfourSistershad thehappinessofpronouncing theirfinalvows.TheVeryRev. Dr.E.Kennedy,D.D.,Adm.,celebratedHolyMassandreceived thevowsoftheSisters.Those thusprivilegedwere:

Sr.M.DamianDavis.

Sr.M.MajellaPower.

Sr.M.EuphrasiaSchocker.

Sr.M.PaulaCream.

Thesingingthroughoutthe ceremonywasdevotionallyrenderedbytheConventChoir,and thefollowingsermonwaspreachedbyRev.FatherBuist,C.SS.R., whotookashistext: "PraybrethrenthatmysacrificeandyoursmaybeacceptabletoGodtheFatherAlmighty!'

Thewordsquotedfromthe CanonoftheHolyMass,said thepreacher,arefamiliarto youall,ofcourse.Ifwewould makeanestimateofthenatural characterofanymanorwoman,perhapsthebestwayto dosowouldbetofindoutthe motivesthatactuatethem;why theyactthusandthus.Ifof itselfthemotivemoulds OUT naturalcharacterforgoodorfor ill,thesameisapplicabletoour supernaturalcharacter.Ifwe havegoodandnoblemotives, thenourcharacterwillnaturallybecomegoodandnoble. Ifwe,therefore,havesufficientlygoodmotives.thesewillof themselvesfortifyournatural character.Thesameholdsfor oursupernaturalcharacter-I meanthatourordinaryactions performedwithasupernatural motivearetransformedintoour Christ-character.Theprinciple bywhichwecangrowsteadily daybyday,ingreaterholiness, istomakesureoftherightkind ofmotivewhichactuatesus. willfindinthelives,especiallyofgreatmenandwomen, whetherintheworldorinthe holyChurch,thatiftheyhave beenactuatedbyonesinglegood motivetheyhaveadrivingpowerbehindtheirlives.

IntheReligiouslifetheprincipalthingtorememberisthat wehavetherightmotivebehind ouractions.Whatisthismotivethatmustcontinuallyinspireus?Thereisonlyone motivethatgivestheReligious lifeanymeaning.Thereisonly onemotivereallythatmakesit reasonable-andthatsinglemotiveissimplythatweperform ouractionsfortheDivinePerson oftheChristofNazareth.Some, unfortunately,takethisfor granted.

Wemuststrivetomakeour ReligiouslifemoreandmorepersonallyliketheDivinePerson ofJesus.ThepracticeofHis doctrinesisthefollowingofHimself.Hedidnotsaytothose whomHecalledtoholinessto learnHisdoctrinesonly.He said,"Come,followMe.Iam theWay,theTruth,andthe Light. IamtheLightofthe World.SoyouseeourReligiouslifemustfirstofallbea personalfollowingofJesus-and thatisjustpreciselywhatitis. Itisthatwhichturnsourvows ofPoverty,Chastity,andObedience,forinstance,intoameans ofholiness-wesacrificethings thataregoodinthemselves.

Theremustbeapowerfulmotivetoleadustogiveupworldlygoods.Christnevercondemnedtherightfulpossession ofsuch.Christnevercondemnedmarriage.Heuphelditand dignifieditasaSacrament. Christnevercondemnedman's free-will.Therefore,bythese threevowsofReligionwesacrificethingsthataregoodin themselves.Theonlymotive thatgivesthissacrificeany meaningandturnsitintoa meansofgraceandholinessisa supernaturalone.

difficultlife?WhyamIgivingmyselftotheapostoliclife, totheteachingofchildren?" andtellyourselfthatitisfor JesusChrist;thatyouaredoing itsimplyandsolelyforHim. Letmeputanotheraspectof thatmotivebeforeyouthis morning:theofferingmadeby JesusHimselfinthesacrificeof thecross-thegreatestsacrifice thathaseverbeenofferedon thisearth.

RightthroughHislifehereon earthyoucanseethatHewas whollypreparedtooffersacrifice,tocomplywiththeWillof HisHeavenlyFather."NotMy WillbutThinebedone,"Hesaid atthetimeofHisPassion."Into ThyHandsIcommendMy Spirit."OnthecrossHewas atotalvictim.Thatsacrifice thatHeofferedonthecressis abouttoberenewedonthisaltar beforeyouintheHolySacrifice oftheMass,withthesametotal surrendertotheWillofHis HeavenlyFather.Whenwe offerourselvestotallytothe EternalFatherinunionwiththe offeringofJesusChrist,wemay saywehavetheverycoreofthe Christianreligion.Weoffer ourselvestotallytoGodinunion withHim.ThatisthecaseespeciallywithusReligious,byour vowsofPoverty,Chastityand Obedience.Thereisnomore powerfulornoblewaytolook uponthevowsofreligionthan tolookuponthemasmakinga holocausttoGod.TheMassis yourverylifeandyourlifebecomesaMass.Thismorning, especially,mydearSisters,you areabouttoofferyourselvesin unionwithJesusasasacrificeto theEternalFather.Nowturn toMary,ourBlessedMother.She stoodbythefootofthecross andwillinglyjoinedwiththeofferingofherownSort.Still shestandsinspiritbyyouthis morning.Askherthatyou maythisday,andeveryday, makeagenerousofferingtoGod inunionwithJesus.

Youcanseenow,whyIused thosewordsoftheMassasmy openingwords:"Praybrethren,thatmysacrificeandyours maybeacceptabletoGodthe FatherAlmighty."

Icongratulateyou,mydear Sisters,andIcongratulateyou, theirparentsandrelations,on thesacrificethatyouhavemade ofthosenearanddeartoyou. ThevowsofReligionveryoften meanagreatersacrificeforthose leftbehind-thisissometimes forgotten.Bearwellinmind, thoseofyouwhohavemadethis sacrificethismorning,thatyou areentitled,justasmuchasthe onemakingthevows,tothepromisedreward:"Thoseofyou whohaveleftparents,orbrethren,orwife,orchildrenforMy Name'ssake,shallreceiveahundredfoldinthislife,andinthe worldtocomelifeeverlasting."

Icongratulateyouonbehalf ofalltheSistersandplaceyour sacrificeinth0handsofOur LadyofMercyinunionwiththe sacrificeofJesus.

CATHOLICWOMEN'S LEAGUE

ThePresidentandmembersof theC.W.L.wishtothankallwho arecontributingsogenerouslyto theDistressedEuropeanPriests' Fund.

Membersareaskedtoattend attherooms,NestleHouse, everyWednesdaytoassistin packingtheparcels.Knitters arestillurgentlyneeded;wool willbesupplied.

Sugarbagsmakeexcellent coyeringsfortheparcelsand giftsofthemwillbeappreciated.

3376

TheY.C.W.areholdinga gameseveningaftertheirgeneralmeeting,andhaveinvited thegirlstocomealong.

WedonotcomeintoReligion merelytomakesurethatwe willsaveoursouls,butwecome tofollowthisManofNazarethfollowHimevenuntodeath,even untoCalvary."Come,follow Me."IfImaysoexpressmyself,cold-bloodedlyfigureitout andsay:"WhyamIleadingthis

Thefollowingdonationshave beenreceivedlately:Fremantle C.W.L.,£22s;Mrs.Sanderberg,£5;MissMartin,f,2;Mrs. Leen,10s.;Mrs.W.Dwyer,£2: CathedralBranch,lOs.;Mr.F. Brady,£22s.

Corrections:Mr.Pusey,£2;Mr. GavanDuffy,10s.

MR.CHARLESW.O'DWYER FuneralDirectorfor43Years

MR.SIDBRIGGS, GeneralManager.

TWOPOTENTCARMELITEDEVOTIONS cUheInfantofPragueandtheScapular-

RemarkableHistoricalInterestof

Prague,thethousand-years-old city,andcapitalofCzechoslovakia,situatedintheveryheart ofEurope,hasahistorywhich bearstheimpressofeverywar andrevolutionthathassweptthe faceofMiddleEurope.

ForCatholicsthewideworld over,thenamehasasanctified significance,becauseitwasthere, inthebeginningofthe17th.century,thataspecialdevotionto theDivineChildoriginatedwith theCarmelitesattachedtothe ChurchofSt.MaryofVictory. ThisChurchhasbeengivento theCarmelitesbyFerdinandII. ofAustria,whoalsofounded severalCarmeliteMonasteries, inthanksgivingtoGodforthe miraculousvictoryoverHisenemiesduringtheThirtyYears' War,throughtheintercessionof OurLady,andinappreciationof theservicesofFatherDominic, GeneraloftheCarmelites,who hadencouragedthesoldiersto seektheaidoftheMotherof God,undertherallyingcryof "Maria!Maria!''

WhiletheCourtofFerdinand remainedinPrague,thewants oftheFathersweresupplied, butaftertheremovaloftheEmperor'sresidencetoVienna,they enduredthedirestwant.It wasinthisextremitythata PrincessnamedPolyxeniapresentedtotheCarmelitesastatue oftheDivineChild,saying:

"IgiveyouwhatIprizemost highlyintheworld.Honour andrespecttheChildJesusand youshallneverwant."

Thisprincess,nowawidow, hadreceivedthestatueasaweddinggiftfromhermother.It wasacherishedfamilyheirloom whichhadoriginallybeen broughtfromSpain.

Thegiftwasplacedinthe CarmeliteOratory,andthePrincess'swordsprovedprophetic. TheCarmelitespractisedspecial devotidntotheDivineInfant,to whomthenoviceswereparticularlydevoted.Amongstthem Rasonewhoexperiencedgreat

THEMARIANCENTRE

"EVERYTHINGFORMARIAN ANDCARMELITEDEVOTION." ThisWeekweFeature ARTICLESOFDEVOTION. SCAPULARS.

TAPESTRY(Washable)Woven picturesincolour 1/6

MONOGRAM(Washable) 1/-

PINKED(BlackandWhite Prints) 9d.

NO.1PLAIN(BlackandWhite

NO.2PLAIN(BrownandWhite (AllScapularswitheitherdark orlightcords.)

MEDALS.

ScapularMedals Id.and5d.

InfantofPrague ld. LittleFlower 5d. Miraculous 5d.and8d. OurLadyofPerpetualSur-

St.Christopher 5d.and8d. St.Joseph 10d. InfantofPragueRosaryBeads 1/3

HOLYPICTURES. -

English(incolour),over50 varieties:11d.perdoz.;Sample Setof50 3/9perset.

French(inSepia),OurLady:2/3 and2/9perdoz.;SampleSet of9varieties 2/-perset.

PostageExtra.SpecialdiscountsgivenSchools,Colleges, LiteratureCommittees, the Trade,etc.,forquantityorders.

Orderfrom:

NationalScapularHeadquarters 75WRIGHTSTREET,MIDDLE PARK,S.C.6,VICTORIA. PublishersoftheNationalMarianMagazine,THESCAPULAR, 3/6peryearposted.DistributorsofthebestMarianandCarmeliteLiteratureandArticlesof Devotion,andCentreforScapu- larandInfantofPragueSocieties.

physicalandspiritualsuffering. OneChristmasDay,afterMidnightMass,kneelingbeforethe littlestatue,hebesoughttheaid ofthenew-bornSavour.His prayerwasspeedilyandcompletelyanswered,and,asa thanksgivingofferingtoGod,he resolvedtospendtherestofhis lifepropagatingthedevotionto theInfantofPrague.

In1631(threeyearsafterthe installationofthestatue)the Carmeliteswereforcedtoflee fromtheCity,and,intheconfusionofwar,wereunableto takewiththemtheirmiraculous statue,whichhadbroughtthem blessingsandprosperity.The invadersseizeditandthrewit onapileofrubbish.Forseven yearstheLittleInfantremained ir,therefuse-mutilated,unhonoured,andforgottenbyall.But FatherCyril,whohadbeencuredbytheInfantontheChristmasnight,wassentbacktoPraguein1637.Rememberinghis littleBenefactor,hesearched everywhere,andatlastdiscoveredhislong-losttreasure,buriedintherubbishbehindthe altar.Itwasthenplacedover thealtarintheiroratory.And, oncemore,peaceandprosperity returnedtotheCarmelites.

Theconfidenceofthosewho appealtotheDivineInfantin theirneedshaseverbeen, throughthecenturies,richlyrewarded.Curesandfavours havebeenreportedfromallover theworld.Asaresult,devotiontotheInfantJesusofPragueisassociatedwithGod's blessinginalltheaffairsofmen.

Theoriginalstatueofthe ChildJesusofPraguehasbeen preservedforcenturiesinthe formerCarmeliteparishchurch ofSt.MaryofVictoryinPrague,andisthemodelofthousandsofsimilarstatuesfoundin churchesandconventsthroughouttheworld.

OnJuly2,1913,thestatuesof theConfraternityoftheInfant ofPraguewereapproved.All thefaithful,youngandold,can beenrolledasmembers.The rulesoftheConfraternityhold up,asanexampletoall,the hiddenlifeandthebeautifulvirtuesoftheDivineChild.Children,inparticular,areplaced undertheprotectionoftheInfantJesus.AllinformationregardingtheConfraternitymay beobtainedfromNationalScap-ularHeadquarters,75Wrightstreet,MiddlePark,S.C.6,Victoria,Australia.

Both

AnyoneenrolledintheScapularmaysendinintentionsina sealedenvelope,tobepostedby midnightonSaturday,February 22.Twenty-sevenMasseswill beofferedfortheseintentionsat theScapularShrines;alsoaseparateNovenaofMasses,inthe

NationalShrine,forpromoters oftheScapularUnion.AnyenquiriesregardingtheScapular UnionwillbewelcomeatTHE MARIANCENTRE,National ShrineofOurLadyoftheScapular,75Wright-street,Middle Park,S.C.6,Vic.,Aust.

SOLEMNNATIONALNOVENA

ThefirstSolemnNationalNovenaattheScapularShrinesin theCarmeliteFathers'Churches inMelbourne,Adelaide,andBrisbane,for1947,willbeginon Sunday,February23,finishing onMonday,March3.Itisto celebratethe625th.anniversary ofthegivingoftheuniqueSabbatinePrivilege.Atatimeof greatdifficultyinChurchand nationallife,OurLadyappeared toJamesd'Eure.themandestinedtobethePope,promising himvictoryoverallhisenemies. He,inreturn,wastoshowhis gratntudetoherbyproclaiming aspecialprivilegeforherOrder ofCarmel.Jamesd'EusebecamePopein1316;by1322,he hadovercomeeventhepowerful royalenemiesofthePapacy, andonMarch3ofthatyearhe completedhispactwithOur LadyandissuedhisfamousSabbatineBull.

Theprivilegeiseasilyunderstood,anditsconditionsaresimple.HereisOurLady'sPrivilegeinthewordsoftheHoly Seeitself:

"TheBlessedVirginwillassistbyhercontinualintercession,suffragesandmerits,and alsobyherspecialprotection, particularlyonSaturday,the .outsofthosebrethrenandmembersoftheConfraternitywho departthislifeincharityand who,whilstlivingonearth:

(a)Havewornthehabit(i.e., theScapular);

(b)Observedchastityaccording totheirstateinlife;

(c)Andwhoshallhaverecited theLittleOffice,or,iftheydo notknowhowtoread,shall haveobservedthefastsofthe Church,andshallhaveabstainedfromfleshmeatson WednesdaysandSaturdays." Thiglastconditionofabstinencecanbechangedbyany Confessor(evenoutsideofthe confessional)foranygoodreasonintotheperformanceof someothergoodwork,e.g., thedailyrecitationoffivedecadesoftheRosary,orseven Paters,AyesandGlorias.The conditionoftheLittleOffice (ofOurLady-notoftheImmaculateConception)canbe changedinthesamewaybya Carmelitepriest,orbyany priestwhohasthisspecial faculty.Thisfacultymaybe obtainedfromtheNational ScapularHeadquarters.

TheCorporativeSystem

Referringtoalengthyarticle thatappearedin"TheRecord" publishedlastweek,itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatsucha systemwouldhelptoredistributeincomes,andpreventtoa certainextenttheaccumulation ofvastfortunesinthehandsof afew,butitwillnotremedya seriousflawinoursystem.

Thatflawwouldstillremain undertheCorporativeSystem, andifonesetofindustriesmake aprofit,anotherlotmustshow aloss.Theycannotallshow aprofit.Thatiscertain.

Thefollowingfigures,taken fromtheCommonwealthYear Bookfor1942-43,underthe headingofManufacturingIndustry,showexactlywherethat flawinoureconomicsystemis tobefound,anduntilitisremediedwewillcontinuetodrift.

Accordingtostatisticscollectedfromvariousmanufacturing industries:

Materialsrepresent,56.03

Power,fuel,light,3.04.

Salaries,wages,23.29. Interest,depreciation,profit, 17.64.

Inotherwords,eachmanufacturingindustryonlydistributed about£827s.topurchasegoods pricedat£100.TheitemsundertheheadingofInterest,Depreciation,andProfitarenotdistributedincourseofmanufacture,asthegoodshadtobesold beforetheseitemscanbeobtained.Inthescrambleforalimitedamountofmoney,ALL manufacturingindustriescannot possiblypaytheirwayandobtaintheitemsenumerated. whichfortheyearinquestica (1942-43)represented17.64per cent.ofthetotalprice.Weseek aremedy,notapalliative.

-V.EDWARDS.

Subiaco.

STATEELECTIONS

SATURDAY,15th.MARCH.

PERTHELECTORATE.

MR.E.NEEDHAM,M.L.A., submitshimselfastheSelected LabourCandidateforthePerth SeatintheLegislativeAssembly. Sincehiselectionin1933,he hasdevotedallhistimeandripe experiencetohisParliamentary duties,andhastakenanactive partinimplementingtheProgressivePolicyofsuccessive LabourGovernments.

VoteNEEDHAM[1]

FULL-TIMEMEMBERFOR PERTH. TRIED,TRUSTED,TRUE. Pollingfrom8a.m.to8p.m.

(AuthorisedbyR.A.Hartley.)

HowanItalianGirlSavedTwenty SmallWarVictims

ThisisastoryofanItaliangirl'sefforttosave20littlepeople whosejourney,butAirher,mighthaveendedintragedywhen ithadhardlybegun.ItistoldbyHisExcellencytheMost Rev.MonsignorDomenicaTardini,SecretaryforExtraordin- aryEcclesiasticalAffairsinthePapalSecretariat,inanartickintheAmericanCatholic"Telegraphic-Register."

OnViadellaCasette.Mattei, onlytwoorthreemilesoutside ofRome,thereisacharming littlevillathatliterallysmiles inthenowuntroubledsunshine.

Itsmilestotheblueskyand thedancingleavesofthefruit treesthatnestleclosetoit,and itsmilestothelittlethings wavinggailyatit'fromthe clothes-linesaroundit,because insideitisbubblingwiththejoy ofchildishlaughter,anditis alivewiththethrillingpeaceof childishhappiness.

Itisthe"home,"-thereal,safe, shelteringhomeof20littlegirls orphanedbythewar,andthe storyofitsfounding,inallits simplicity,isnosmallpagein

therecordoffemininecourage andsheerfaith.The"mother" isFernandadeLuca,apleasantfacedyoungwomanwithwonderfuldarkeyesandanutterly sweetsmile.Butyoucannot gethertotellyoumuchabout herself.Sheistooanxiousto introduceher"children"toyou; sheissoproudofthemandshe lovesthemsomuch.

Shewilltellyoufirstabout AnnaMarras,whois12,andher eldest"daughter,"and,therefore,abusybigsistertoallthe rest.Annaisahealthyand energetic youngster with straight-coal-blackhair,large, darkeyes,andawide-opengrin. SheusedtoliveinRomewith

CentralCatholicBookShop

36PierStreet,Perth'PHONE:B5754

EPISTLESANDGOSPELS forSundaysandtheprincipal Feastsoftheyear. NewlyTranslatedintoEnglish byRonaldA.Knox. Price16/6.

RIGBY'SROMANCE, ByTOMCOLLINS,authorof "SUCHISLIFE."Price8/6. THEFOUNTAINOFLIFE. ByC.C.MARTINDALE,S.J. Price2/3.

SAINTIMAGINUSthelifeandadventuresofalittleknownsainttoldbyFrances MargaretMcGuire.Something newanddelightfulinthejuvenile"SaintBooks."9/6.

And

ONEHUNDREDYEARS.

ONEHUNDREDYEARS.

ONEHUNDREDYEARS.

ByDr.J.T.McMahon.

DON'T

WiththeCentenaryCelebrations stillvividinourminds-allwill welcomethisstoryofTHE FIRSTFIVEBISHOPSandthe historicalbackgroundofTHE CHURCHINWESTERNAUSTRALIA. OrderImmediately. Softcoveredition:3/6. Hardcovers:6/--. BISHOPSALVADOtoclear-severaldozenofthis popularbookat1/-(previously 2/6).

COLUMBANCALENDARS... Afewavailable. NEWANDSECOND-HAND BOOKS. SCHOOLSTATIONERY. RELIGIOUSANDGENERAL BOOKS-DAILYANDSUNDAYMISSALS-PRAYER BOOKSandotherRELIGIOUS REQUISITES.

hermothernearthebridgeof theNaglianaontheTiber.On June3,1944,thebridgeandher houseweredestroyedbybombs, andsheneversayhermother again.

YouwillgenerallyfindAnna carryingorotherwisetaking careoflittleMaddalenaCece, whoseeyesseemalwaysfilled withtears.Maddalaenisfrom Cassina.Theshadowofterror andbewildermentstilllingersin theeyesofallthechildrenof Cassino.Theyalllookasifa greatfrighthadstoppedthem justastheywerebeginningto cry.Madalena'sfatherwas killedinthebombings.Her mother,whosomehowmanaged tosaveherselfandherbaby fromtheagonyofwantand suffering,isnowdyingoftuberculosisinahospital.Butshe knowsMaddalenahasahome thatishappyandgoodforher.

FromCassino.

Thenyoumaymeet11-yearsoldRenateDeVivo,ablond,sensitivelittlegirlwithbig,intelligenteyes.Sheusedtolivein Cassino,too,withherparents andherfourbrothers.They wereapoorfamily;buther fatherandmotherworkedhard, andtheirlifewashappyanddignifieduntilthewarcame.Then herfatherwentintothearmy andwassenttoGreece.When thebombsbeatdownonCassino,Renata'shousewaspulverised,andhermotherandfour brotherswereburiedbeneathit. Thelittlegirlsomehowescaped andsomehowmadeherwayto Rome;butjusthowshedoesnot know.Quitebychance-or, rather,quitebyDivineProvidence-shemetFernandaandnow shehasahomeagainanda mother.

OryoumightmeetlittleIrma andAnnaVittiglio.Five-yearsoldIrmaistheliveliestcherub inthelot.Neithershenorher eight-years-oldsister,Anna,isa particularlybeautifulchild,but theiralertnessandtheireager vivacityareutterlyendearing. Theirfatherwasapartisan,and theNazisshothim.Theirmotherwashurtinabombing,and hasneverrecoveredhersight. Fernandaistryingtoerasefrom theirlittlemindsthelasttraces ofthehorrortheyhaveseen.

ItishardtomakeFernanda tellhowshehappenedtogather inthese20hungry,frightened littlewaifs,andmakethen, smileandlaughagain,andtrust oncemorethe"bigpeople"who approachedthem.Shethinks, perhaps,itisalongsuccessionof thingsthatbroughthertoit. Shewasanonlychildherself, andshegrewupkeenlysensitive tothegreatnessandthehappinessoffamilylife.Sheearly learnedthattrue,unselfishlove isthefamily'sgreatestsecurity andgreatestwealth.Whenshe lostherownfatherduringthe war,sheandhermotherseemed todrawevenclosertogetherin thefrightfulnightmarethatnie soonbecameforthema.for90 manyothers.Ferrandathir'ss thisinfluencedherarmuchas anything.AmoLlierlesslifefor alltheselittleOn,sFeen,saterribleandinconceivablethingto her.

BombingofRome. Shewillneverforget,either, thefirstbombingofRome.Every horribledetailofitstandsout clearandawfulinhermemory. Sherecallsthatshefound.itimpossibletokeepstill.Assoon astheall-clearhadsounded,she rushedofftothePolyclinicto helpwiththethousandsof woundedbeingbroughtthereas quicklyaspossiblethroughthe stillsmokinghelloffire,debris, andblood,andallthenoiseof humanpainandterror.Atthe entranceshehadalmostcollided withaSistercarryingatiny girlnotmorethanthreeyears old.ShehadhelpedtheSister laythelimpandbleedinglittle bodyonabed,washthechild's wounds,whichwerefortunately nottoosevere,andcaressher

throughtheheartrendingspasm ofterrorshewassuffering.Finally,sherespondedtotheir effortsandsmiled.Butshe couldtellthemnothingofher:elf,nothingofherfamily,her parents,anyone.Sherememberedhername,andthatwas all:ElenaAngelini.Fernanda couldnotforgether.Herfrightenedeyes,hertwistedlittleface, herhelplesslittlebodyhaunted her.Andthereweresomany others!Somany,manyothers!

OneofFernanda'sfriendswas thehappymotherof10children. OneOctobernighttheirhouse washitandfiveofthechildren wentdownundertheruins.All nightlongthefatherandmother andtheotherchildrenpainfully workedtheirwaythroughstones andbeamsandcrumbledmortar, andonebyonetheyuncovered theirfivelittlebrothersandsisters-allofthemdead.

Thishauntedher,too.But mostofallshewashauntedby thethoughtofthethousandsof childrenwhohadbeenwounded.

Shehadsuddenlyfoundherselfwithaninescapabledecision tomotherasmanyofthese motherlessonesasshecouldtake careof.

They"PlayHome."

Therewasfirst,ofcourse,the problemofahouse,butProvidencewaswithher.

Shegotkeystothevilla, gatheredafewmattressesand cookingutensils,someoddsticks offurniture,andintwoorthree daysshewasinstalledinher nswhome.Thenshewentand gotlittleElenaAngelini,the woundedchildshehadseenat thePolyclinic,andshespenther firstnightinhernew"home." Sheinsiststhatthereisnobraveryinherwhatever.butthat night,aloneexceptforlittle Elena,inalonelyhouseona moreorlessdesertedroad,she sleptthedeep,untroubledsleep ofheroes.Whocouldworry abouttheNazisroamingthe fields,withthatwarm,sweetlit-

tlebodynestledagainstherfor securityandshelter?OtherlittlegirlsfollowedElena"home" untiltherewere20ofthem,and thehousecouldholdnomore. Thehousedoesnotboastany modernconveniencesorcomfortswhatever.Butthe20littlegirlscallit"ourhouse"with pridebecausetheyloveit.And itistheirsinanothersense,too. Eventhetiniesthashersmall tasktodotokeep"her"house brightandshining.Theylook likeabustlinglittleflockof pigeons-andaremuchmore garrulous-astheybobabout makingtheirbeds,dustingand sweeping,polishing,helpingin thekitchen,shiningthewindows, andbeinggenerallyandenthusiasticallyhelpful.They"play house,"asitwere,but"for real,"totheintensesatisfaction ofeveryoneconcerned. nificant,But,undoubtedly,themostsigaswellasthemostconspicuousthingaboutthishouse isthelovewhichpervadesit. Yousenseittheminuteyou crossthethreshold.Fernanda trulylovesherlittleoneswitha deepandgenuinelove,andshe hassucceededinteachingthem toloveoneanotherthesame way.

Sheherself,ofcourse,is nurse,teacher,confidant,fairy god-mother,inshort,realmother, allinone.Thereisnothingthat needsdoingthatshedoesnotdo forthem.Thereisnobaby heartachethatesapeshervigi- lanteyes.Sheworksforthem, andwiththem;sheplayswith them;shecuddlesandpetsand comfortsthem.Aboveall,she reallylovesthem,andtheyrespondwithequalloveandconfidencebecausethelogicofchildrenissimple,andthereforeit isquickandusuallyquiteperfect. AndthatisFernanda'sstory, thestoryofonegirl'seffortto save20ofChrist'slittlepeople whosejourney,butforher, mighthaveendedintragedy whenithadhardlybegun.

LateMr.R.W.Lloyd DistinguishedCareer

Thedeathoccurredonthe12th. inst.,athisresidence,Winter CourtFlats,ofMr.RobertWilliamLloyd,formerlyChiefInspectorofthePostmaster-General'sDepartment,attheageof 75.AbrotherofthelateDeputy-PostmasterGeneralJ.J. Lloyd),thedeceasedgentleman hadretiredfromtheCommonwealthPublicServicein1937, but,attherequestoftheCommonwealthGovernment,undertook,in1940,theorganisationof warloansandnationalsavings campaignsinthisStatewith conspicuoussuccess.Duringhis fouryearsasorganisingsecretary,tenwarloanswerehandled whilethepercapitaresultsof thewarsavingscertificatesplacedthisStateinsecondplacein theCommonwealth.

ThelateMr.Lloydjoinedthe PostalservicewhenthisState wasaCrownColony,in1883, andwitnessedthedevelopment ofpostaltransportfromhorses toaeroplanes.Hebecamein turndistrictinspectoratCoolgardieandBunbury,andin1931 wasappointedSuperintendentof MailsinPerth,andlatersenior inspector.

Hismeritoriousservicesand devotiontodutyduring52years wererecognisedin1935bythe awardoftheKing'sJubilee Medal.Inadditiontohisofficialduties,Mr.Lloydheldmany officesintheactivitiesofthede partmentandinpublicsocial life.Healsofoundtimetoparticipateinseveralsports.His warservicewasundertakendespitefailinghealth.

Mr.Lloydwasanexemplary Catholic,havingbeenafoundationmemberoftheHibernian SocietyinAlbany,53yearsago. Hediedfortifiedwiththelast ritesoftheChurch.Requiem Massforthereposeofhissoul wasofferedinSt.'Mary'sCathedralonthe14th.inst.,after whichthecortegeleftforthe KarrakattaCemetery.Thelast prayerswererecitedbyRev. FatherFitzgerald,assistedby Rev.FathersO'FarrellandRogers,oftheCathedralStaff.

Thedeceasedissurvivedby hiswifeandalargefamily,to

whom"TheRecord"extendssinceresympathyintheirbereavement.Mayherestinpeace. Thepall-bearerswere:Mr.Kilpatrick(DeputyPostmasterGeneral),Mr.E.Dunham(Senior Inspector),Hon.C.G.Latham, M.L.C.,Mr.E. Needham, M.L.A.,Mr.E.Bickford.Mr.C. Harper,Mr.J..W.Vivian(Director,BoansLtd.),andMr.G. Buckley.

Thechiefmournerswere:Mrs. R.W.Lloyd(wife),Mrs.G.W. BrainandMrs.J.J.G.Punch (daughters),Messrs.R.F.Lloyd, A.C.Lloyd,H.J.Lloyd,P.I. Lloyd,J.A.Llyod(sons),Mr.G. W.BrainandMr.J.J.G.Punch (sons-in-law).

CATHOLICTEACHERS' GUILD

OnTuesdayevening,25th. inst.,therewillbeapubliclectureontheBrownScapularby Rev.FatherMurphy,inBacton House,at8p.m.Guildmembersareremindedtoinvitetheir friendstobepresent.

LIVINGINHOPE.

Itisbettertoliveinhopethan tolivewithouthope.Buya "Charities"ticketeveryweek andliveinhopeofwinningfirst prize,£3,000.No.354Consultationisopen.

TheCrossofHisChoosing

WhatthePassionofChristMeansforAll

ByNORBERTHERMAN,C.P.

Thecrosswasnotmerelythe signofdivinejustice.Itwas more,muchmore.Itwasalso thesignofdivinelove.Christ couldhaveredeemedusbypayingthepaltryandprosaicprice ofoneslightbruise,orofone momentarysenseoffatigue. Evenamerethought,tinged withthedivineglow,wouldhave beensufficienttobringusback tothethresholdofParadise. Thatwouldhavebeenthehuman wayoftransactingabusinessinvolvingperosnalsacrifice.In unymatterofstrictjusticemen reducetheirpaymentstoanabsolute(Lollarfordollarminimum.Itistheswindlerwho expectshackmorethanhehas loaned.Itisthesaintwhoexpectsbackless.

NowChristwasnotonlyhuman,sharingourhumanlimitations,exceptsin.Hewasalso divine.Thatfactmadeabig difference.SoitwasthatHe consideredmagnanimouslynot whatHeshouldpayforourredemptionbutwhathecouldpay. Paradoxically,therewouldbeno limittothepriceofHisredemptivework,sincelimitation wasessentiallyahumanattribute.Hewasmorethanman. HewastheGod-Man.TheanswertothisconsiderationmaterialisedinHischoiceofthecross whichhenceforthbecamesynonymouswiththeapexofdivineloveformen.WereChrist butamereman,Hisredemptive workwouldhavebeensymbolisedbythehumanscalesofjustice.ItwasChrist'sdivinity whichcastasidethatall-too-humansymbol,todisplayinstead ;hedivinesymbolofthecross. Thecrosswasnotsomuchthe symbolofdivinejustice,norof humantraffickingfortheransom ofsouls.Itwasthesymbolof divineloveandofthatwondrous divineingenuitywhichmadesorrowitselfasacredblessing.

InChrist'slifeanddeath,the crosswassomethingmorethan theroughly-hewnbeamsof woodwhichweresilhouetted againstananguishedskyone earlyFridayafternoon.His crossoftimberwasonlypartof agreaterunseencrosswhichwas inrealityatotalityofanxiety, fear,sorrow,pain,humiliation andbrutality,castlikeamenacingshadowovertheentire dramaofHislife.

Bethlehemwasgayunderthe spellofangeliclaughterandbewitching-stars.ItwasfragrentwiththebreathoftheAlmightyOne,who,whenHecame toourearth,broughtHisheaven alongwithHim.Butallthe glorioussongofangelicvoices couldnothushthecryofatiny baby,coldinthebreathofa winter'snight.

AcontemporaryofChristat Nazarethsawperhapsinthe HolyFamilyonlyanotherhu-

manfamilymaintainingitsfrugalexistencebytheproductive sweatofapatientcarpenter. Perhapsheevennoticedthatno motherintheentirevillagewas asbeautifulandascalmlypoisedasJoseph'swife.Orthatno childhehadeverseenwasas comelyandaslovableasthe boy,Jesus.Butwerethat strangerprivilegedtodwellfor sometimeinthecircleofthe HolyFamily,hemighthave leftitscloisterwithanaching heart.Forhere,hemighthave discoveredthattherestilllingeredintheeyesofthisnoblecouplethesoft,redglowofanxiety overthesafetyoftheirson. Fugitivesfromthewrathofa murderousking,theyhadonce fledbynightintoEgypt.Even thechildforwhommanyinnocentshadbeenmurdered,would revealapatheticinterestinthe wondrousstoryofHisdeliverancefromatyrant.Hereat Nazareth,thehappiestfamilyin alltheworldlivedabittersweetlife,fordespitetheirescapefrommen,theycouldnever escapefromthecross.

ChristbeganHispubliccareer withaprodigalityofpersonal attentionunparalleledinallhistory.HebecametheindispensableservantofmankindexhaustingthewealthofHishumannatureuponthelowlywho criedouttoHint.HeevenitappedatwilltheunlimitedresourcesofHisdivinenature.Miraclesandprophecies,suchas onlyaGodcouldeffect,were coupledtosweet,comforting words,suchasonlythebestof ourhumanitycouldgive.Christ forgotHimself,humanlyspeaking,inrememberingthewants ofothers.UponHiscontemporariesHelavishedallthose physicalministrationswhichtaxedHishumanenergiesand fatiguedHim.Menwerewelcomeatalltimes,totestthe brillianceofHislogic,toquestionHisactions,toconsumeHis time.

Therewerenoofficehoursin Christ'slife,whichmightshy awaythepoorandthedowntrodden.Hiscontactswithhumankindweredirect:therewere nointermediary,red-tapeentanglementsbarringtheapproach ofeventhemorallyandthephysicallyunclean.Guestofthe saint,Hewasalsoguestofthe sinner;servantofthepatrician, Hewasalsoservantoftheplebian.TherepentantMagdalen foundHimwhenshesopleased toseekHim.Thecurious andingeniousZacheus,perched onthelimbofasycamoretree, riotonlycaughtadesiredglimpse ofthegreatProphet,but,what wasmorethrillingonhispart (andsohumanonthepartof Christ),wasactuallyrequested bytheall-seeingChristtobe Hisfavouredhostforaday. NightwasnobarriertoChrist's ministry;hourafterhourwas It'sworthhavingaticketinNo.354/ CharitiesConsultation.

FirstPrize,£3,000.DrawnnextKEEPONTRYING week.

STATEASSEMBLYELECTIONS

WAGINELECTORATE. MARCH15th.,1947.

VotePIESSE[1]

EndorsedCountryandDemocraticLeagueCandidate. SuccessfulandGenuineFarmer,wholivesinthecentreofthe Electorate.

Voteforothercandidatesinorderofpreference.VOTE PIESSEandbeassuredofPeaceintheeconomical,rural andindustriallifeofcommunity: (AuthorisedbyG.A.W.Piesse,Tillillan,Wagin.)

sharedwithaprivilegedNicodemuswhosoughtprivateinstructions,orwithamotleyband offollowerswhostirredthesilencewithfaintrumblingsof prayerontheMountofOlives.

Christ'sministrywasexhaustingonHispart,sothereaccrued toHimthewelcomesatisfaction ofknowingthatHewasanecessityinthelifeofeveryman. ButthereturnsofHiscontemporaries,likemostoftheiractions,werepoor,andinasense, ineffectualtolifttheshadowof thecrossthatdarkenedHishumancareer.Thereweremen whoselivesHesustainedwith miracle-bread;buttherewere menwholashedatHissacred lifebythescourgeoftheirtongues.Thereweremenupon whosesoulsHesowedtheseeds ofdivinelove;buttherewere menwhosowedthecockleof discontentuponHisvinyardof souls.Thereweremenwho couldnotresistthemagnetof Hisfriendship;buttherewere menwhoshrivelledupinHis presence,asbeforeadesert wind.ItwasallpartofHis crosstosensethefactthatsome menweresoegocentric,that theywereactuallyjealousof theplaceGodHimselfheldin theirlives.Itwasallpartof HiscrosstosubjectHimself willinglytohumanmeanness,to deceit,totrickery,tocontempt, topublicridicule,eventothe thousandotherhumanfaults whichcharacteriseourhuman smallness.

Wewouldexpecttheshadow ofthecrosstodisappeartoward theendofChrist'slife,especiallyaftersoproductiveandbeneficentaministry.Instead,it begantoassumedefiniteproportions,sothatbytheendofa shortspanofthreeyears'publicactivity,theclimatichoursof thePassionwereinevitable. Thenmenfashionedacrossof woodandChristbecamethe leaderofabravearmyofcrossbearers.Forifthesweetness ofBethlehem,thequietofNazareth,andthelaboursofGalilee wereallshadedbythecross, whatshallwesayofthesorrows ofJerusalemwherethecrossbecameapoignantreality?What shallwesayofHisbloodysweat whichwasthewholeofthePassioninminiature,asitwere,and amentalrehearsalofCalvary's tragedy?Whatshallwesay ofthescourgethatlashedHis sacredback,ofthecrownthat piercedHisbrow,ofthebruises thatscarredHisface,ofthe nailsthatboredHislimbs? Whatshallwesayofthetears andthebloodthatflowedin abundancesimplybecauseHis lovebecamedivinelyextravagant?WhatshallwesayofHis finalagonywhichpleadedwitha kindlyFather,"WhyhastThou forsakenMe?"Whatshallwe sayofDivineLovecrucified,in orderthathumanhatemightbe redeemed!

Fear,itistrue,silencedsome menwhoreturnedhomefrom Calvary,strikingtheirbreasts. Buttherewereotherswhoreturnedhome,complacentlyrubingtheirhandsoveramurderousjobwellperformed.Little didtheyknowofthemystery andextentofChrist'scross.Littledidtheyknowthatthe scourgeandthethornandthe nailandthewoodencrosswere allpowerlesstohurttheGodManexceptthatHewilledit Littledidtheyknowthatthe humanfistswhichstruckandthe humanheartswhichmockedand thehumanheartswhichblocked divineentry-allweresustained inthatdarkhourbythesame Godwhowascrucified.HadHe notwilledHissacrificeandall itsimplications,allcreation wouldhavebeanpowerlesseven totouchHim.Andsoitwas thatwhenmenrearedacross andtauntedGodwiththeblasphemyofhowmuchtheyhated Him,Godsustainedthatcross andshamedmenwiththeavowal ofhowmuchHelovedthem.

LentisapreparationfortheMysteryoftheRedemptionachievedupontheCross.Andthe Crosscastashadowoverthewholedramaof Hislife.

To-daytheworldisstillthe stagesetforCalvary'sdrama, foreverymaniscalledupon, likeSt.Paul,tobearthemarks oftheLordJesusinhisbody andtofillupwhatislackingof thesufferingsofChristinhis flesh,forChrist'sbodywhichis theChurch.Christnowreigns triumphantlyinheaven.His Passionanddeathareover.His hostilecontemporarieshavelong sincepassedaway;God'sjudgmentalreadyhasbeenpronounceduponthem.Butthemen andwomenofto-dayarethe richinheritorsofCalvary's drama.Theshowmustgoon, becauseitsmessageisforever intertwinedwithhumandestiny. Thelinesspokeninto-day'srepeatperformancemaybesomewhataltered;thesequencemay containfewerscenes;theaction maynotbesoquickandmounting;thecharacters.maynotbe sodiversifiedandstriking.Yet theplotremainseverthesame. Itisthestruggleofgoodagainst evil;theoppositionofother JudasesandotherPilatesagainstotherChrists. Modern-daysaints,intherole ofChrist,seethecurtainoftheir passion-playopenuponthepro.logueof,perhaps,abetrayal. They,too,playthetragedian's partin,perhaps,amock-scene, ascourging-scene,acrowningscene.Theirlastlines,likethe sevenlastwordsofChriston thecross,areapleaformercy. Majesticallytheyspeaktheir lines,hesitatingasitwereupon thethresholdofeternity,lesta passingopportunitybelostof helpingtheirfellowmen.They labournotfortheacclaimof menwhodonotunderstandheroism.Theylabourforonethrillingroundofapplause,silent now,butthunderousineternity.

IflifeonearthisatragicdramaforGod'ssaints,itisat bestanapparentcomedyforthe enemiesofGod'ssaints.These arethedescendantsofChrist's accusers,themenandwomen whoscoffatjusticeandmorality,hateholinessandpursue evil.Theirgodismadeto specificationsoftheirownchoice, aheathen-god,amerehuman

playthinglikeachild'stoy.That iswhytheycannotlookbeyond thestarsfordivineguidance; theyhavebecomecompletelycaptivatedbythepettygodoftheir owncreation.Thatiswhy theyrefusetoacceptChristand tolivepeaceablywithHisfollowers.Accordingtothem, Christdoesnotmeettheirimpossibledemands.Theywant notaGod-ManbutsomeMonster-Force;theywantnota mercifulSaviourbutabrutalliberator.Christ'sfollowersthey consideraraceapart,bordering uponextinction.Thatiswhy whenChristianitymakeshardly astir,theycomplacentlyletit alone,expectingittodisappear finally,evenwithoutastruggle. Thatiswhytheyarearousedto actionwhenChristianityasserts itsclaims;forinsuchacircumstancetheydetectapossibleresurgenceofwhattheyhad thoughtandhopedwaspracticallydeadforever.

TheenemiesofChristandHis followersmayhavetheircomiclinesnow.Whilecrossesare raisedandgoodmendie,let suchashateChristsportfully laughandwintheattentionof theunbridledmob.GoodChristianshearintheirlaughonly thehollownoteofdeath!

Acrosswasinvisiblytraced overthelifeandlaboursof Christ.To-dayitisstillbeing tracedoverthelifeandlabours ofeveryChristian.

ThisthenisthegloriouscareerofeveryChristian:tomake thecrossofChrist'schoosingthe crossofhisownchoice.A Christianisnotanescapist:he doesnottransientlyaccepta crossandthenperpetuallyrun awayfromit.Neitherishea browbeatenslavetothecross:it doesnothoveroverhislife eventuallytocrushhim.A Christianheroicallyexerciseshis freedomofchoice.Christ's crossbecomeshiscross.Itis thecommonbondwhichlinks theMastertoHisdisciples.It becomesthehumansignof man'sloveforGodaswellasthe divineSignofGod'slovefor man.

St.Aloysius'HighSchool "Avondown,"Toodyay

JUNIORUNIVERSITYEXAMINATION,1946.

HughMcDonald:Ninesubjects.

EllenCampbell:Eightsubjects.

GwenBauer:Eightsubjects.

VeraSpring:Eightsubjects.

ElsmereRutherford:Seven subjects.

ErnestineGibbon:Sixsubjects

MargaretGumley(completing):Threesubjects.

AileenMcManus(completing): Threesubjects.

PatriciaSpring(completing): Twosubjects.

TRINITYCOLLEGETHEORY OFMUSICEXAMINATION, November,1945. 100percent.Honours.

intermediateDivision:

CarmelWoods,Honours,94 percent.;TinaHamilton,Honours,93percent.;AlivePlant, Honours,92percent.;Maureen Thomas,Honours,90percent.

JuniorDivision:

AnneHadden,Honours,96per aut.

PreparatoryDivision:

VictorWerndly,Honours,100 percent.;AnitaMuffatti,Honours,85percent.

UNIVERSITYTHEORYOF MUSICEXAMINATION. May8,1946. 100percent.Pass.

GradeIII.:

AlicePlant,MaureenThomas.

GradeIV.:

ElsmereRutherford,Honours, 89percent.;HelenBegley,Credit,82percent.;HughMcDonald,Credit,76percent.

GradeV.:

GwenBauer,Honours,93per cent.;EllenCampbell,Honours, 90percent.;JoyceKealy,Honours,85percent.;Margaret Gumley,Credit,82percent.

GradeVI.:

AnitaMuffatti,Honours,89 percent.

TRINITYCOLLEGETHEORY OFMUSICEXAMINATION, June.1940. 100percent.Honours.

AlvancedIntermediateDivision: AlicePlant,Honours,96per cent.;MaureenThomas,Honours,89percent.

AdvancedJuniorDivision:

ElsemereRutherford,Honours, 96per'cent.;HughMcDonald, HELENHAGAN. CongratulationstoHelenHagan (age10years).of"Avondown," Toodyay,who,intheJuniorSectionoftheScapularEssayCompetition,securedFirstPlacein theDioceseofPerth,FirstPlace intheState,andSecondPlace intheGrandFinalists.

1111111BER

tiii&kafe1860

housesinthe Pinjorrodistrict--Burnside"TheProPertY wasoriginolkypurchosedin1860byMr.David Murroy,firstmagistrateInthePinjorrodistrict,forhissonJohn.Thefirsthomeof wattleanddaubwithothatchedroof,did notlostlong.andwosreplocedwithamud brickstructurewhichconbeglimpsedbehind thefigtreesThemainhouseisalsovery oldandtheramblingbuildiegsincludeefine winecellarTheoriginalfortyocreswos groduollyincreasedtoabout

Honours,85percent.;Helen Begley,Honours,87percent.

JuniorDivision: MargaretGumley,Honours,96 percent.;EllenCampbell,Honours,96percent.;GwenBauer, Honours,93percent.;Joyce Kealy,Honours,86percent.

PreparatoryDivision: JoanSpillman,Honours,98per cent.

TRINITYCOLLEGEPRACTICALEXAMINATION, August19,1946. 100percent.Pass.

HigherLocal-Piano:Alice Plant(Merit).

AdvancedSenior-Piano:MaureenThomas(Honours).

Senior-Piano:HelenBegley (Merit).

Senior-Elocution:Maureen Thomas(Honours).

Intermediate-Elocution:Jeanne Iles(Merit).

Intermediate-Piano:Joyce Kealy(Merit).

AdvancedPreparatory-Piano: MargaretGumley.

Preparatory-Piano:William Thomas(Honours).

PreparatoryVerseSpeakingGirls:Honours.

PreparatoryVerseSpeakingBoys:Honours. PreparatoryClassSingingChoir:Honours. JuniorClassSinging-Choir: Honours.

UNIVERSITYTHEORYOF MUSICEXAMINATION, September,1946. 100percent.Pass.

GradeIV.:

GwenBauer,Honours,88per cent.;MargaretWard,Credit,79 percent.

GradeVI.:

PatriciaPither,Honours,96 percent.;KittyGumley,Honours,95percent.;Patricia Evans,Honours,95percent; WilliamThomas,Honours,93 percent.;DavidMcDonald,Honours,92percent.;RobertLambert,Honours,91percent.; BettyJager,Honours,91per cent.;DawnMarkey,Honours, 86percent.

UNIVERSITYEXAMINATIONSINMUSICALPERCEPTIONANDMUSICANDART OFSPEECH. November,1946.

100percent.Pass.

GradeII.-Piano:JeanneIles (Credit).

GradeIII.-ArtofSpeech: ErnestineGibbons(Credit).

GradeIII.-MusicalPerception:ErnestineGibbons(Credit);HughMcDonald.

GradeIII.-Piano:Elsemere Rutherford,AileenMcManus,EllenCampbell,GwenBauer.

GradeIV.-MusicalPerception:MargaretGumley(Honours);AileenMcManus.

GradeIV.-ArtofSptech: MaureenThomas(Credit).

GradeIV.-Violin:HughMcDonald.

GradeV.-ArtofSpeech: HelenBegley.

GradeVI.-Piano:MaryKing (Credit).

GradeVI.-ArtofSpeech: JoyceKealy,PatriciaParsons.

NEWTONRAPIDBUSINESS COLLEGE.

May-June,1946.

Bookkeeping:

Advanced:A.McManus84 percent.;H.McDonald,97;M. Thomas,100;J.Iles,96;K.McCarthy,89;J.Spillman,89;P. Murphy,88;C.Woods,86;J. Kealy,84;J.Thompson,81;H. Begley,97.

JuniorBookkeeping:H.Meeton,86;P.Parsons,84;M.King, 81;K.Gumley,80;C.Markey, 76.

Typewriting: Junior Typewriting: M. Thomas,91;H.Begley,91;C. Woods,88;J.Kealy,90;M. Gumley,92.

SeniorTyping:V.Spring,95; E.Rutherford,92;E.Campbell, 90;G.Bauer,90;P.Spring,95.

NEWTONRAPIDBUSINESS COLLEGE.

Shorthand:

IntermediateShorthand:J. Iles,81.

JuniorShorthand:M.Gumley, 77.

MaureenThomasseeuredFirst PlaceintheCommonwealthin

SolaNobilitas AVONDOWN.

CONVENTOFMERCY,TOODYAY.

FIRST-CLASSBOARDINGSCHOOL. onductedbytheSistersofMercyfromVictoriaSquare,Perth.

SLEEPINGOUTACCOMMODATIONFORBOARDERS.

PUPILSAREPREPAREDFORALLEXAMINATIONS.

AdvancedBookkeepingGrade (100percent.) November--December. SeniorArithmetic: J.Spillman(Merit);B.Keating(Pass);G.Flynn(Pass);D. McDonald(Merit);B.Lambert Merit);P.Pither(Pass);C. Woods(Honours);M. King (Honours);K.Lehane(Pass); C.Markey(Pass);J.Kealy (Honours).

JuniorArithmetic: F.Metcalf(Merit);G.Peacock(Pass). Handwriting: A.Metcalf,92marks;J.Hagan, 87marks.

NATIONALBUSINESSCOLLEGE.

May--June.

Bookkeeping:

AdvancedGrade.-Pass:Ellen Campbell,VeraSpring,Gwen Bauer,MargaretGumley,ElsemereRutherford,HughMcDonald. Interemdiate.-Honours:PatrickMurphy,JohnSpillman, ElsemereRutherford, Vera Spring,MaureenThomas,Kevin McCarthy.Merit:PatSpring, HelenBegley,JoyceKealy,Hugh McDonald,JeanneIles.Pass: AileenMcManus,CannelWoods. ElementaryGrade.-Honours: JoyceKealy,CannelWoods Merit:JoanThompson,Kitty Gumley.Pass:MaryKing,Chris Markey,HelenMeston,PatParsons.

JuniorGrade.-Honours:Mary King.Merit:ChrisMarkey, KittyGumley,PatParsons, HelenMeston.

Shorthand: JuniorGrade.-Honours:MaureenThomas,MargaretGumley, JoyceKealy,CannelWoods, HelenBegley. ElementaryGrade.-Honours: ElsemereRutherford,Jeanne Iles,GwenBauer.Pass:Pat Spring.

IntermediateGrade.-Merit: JeanneIles.

Mathematics-FirstYear: Catherine*inky(Merit). Pass:HelenMeston,Patricia Parsons,JoanThompson,Mary King.

MathematicsI.:Arithmetic,SecondYear: Pass:JoyceKealy,Carmel Woods.Merit:JohnSpillman, HelenBegley,PatMurphy. SocialStudies-FirstYear: Honours:HelenBegley,John Spillman,PatMurphy.

S.BEECROFT,Butcher 181RokebyRoad,Subiaco. OnlyPrimeFreshKilledMeatSold Phone:W1373.

CATHOLICACTIONA POLITICALMOVE!

,PlainMan,"Bunbury:

"Catholicsmaywonderwhywe don'tlikethem.Well,asa plain,bluntman,Iamgoing totellyouonereason:wefear youandyourChurch.Look atwhatyoucallCatholicAction.Thisisadefinitemenacetous,asitisapolitical moveoftheFascistItalian Church.Butdon'tforget we'vebeatMussolini."

A.:IhopeIdon'tforgetanything,especiallymysenseof humour.Isupposeyoumean theCatholicChurchwhenyou speakoftheFascistItalian Church.Well,Isupposethe bestanswerformetogiveright awayisthattheCatholicChurch isneitherItaliannorFascist.If ''PlainMan,"youknewanything whateveraboutCatholicAction, whichapparentlyyoudonot,you wouldknowthatoneoftheearliestincidentsinitshistory,was aconflictwiththethenItalian Government,inwhichtheChurch wasthevictor,preciselybecause CatholicActionwasclearlynot political.Fortheinformation ofthosewhohavenothadanopportunityofstudyingCatholic Actionforthemselves,itmight bewelltostatejustwhatthat termisintendedtocover.Pope PiusXI.gavetheclassicaldefinitionofCatholicAction.Hedefineditasthesharingofthe laityintheapostolateofthe hierarchy.Thedefinitionis reallyverysimpleandveryclear, providedoneunderstandsthe meaningofthewordsused.

CatholicsbelievethatJesus Christcameonearthtosaveall men,andthatforthatpurpose Hewishedallofthemtobecome membersofonefold,underone Shepherd.ThatfoldistheCatholicChurch.Tothefirst membersofthatChurch,clergy andlaityalike,Hegavethe splendidmandate:"Go,teachall nations."Thehistoryofthe spreadoftheChristianChurch totheconfinesoftheknown worldshowushowearnestlythe Catholiclaityofthattimetook thismission.Theydidnot leavethedutyofspreadingthe goodtidingsbroughtbyChristto thosewhowerespeciallyset asideasbishopsandpriests. EverytrueChristianwasan apostle.

APOSTOLICMISSIONOF LAITY

However,thereisanever-presentdangerthattheordinary Christianlaymannowadaysmay cometothinkthatthedutyof spreadingthefaithofChrist fallsonlyontheclergy,thata laymanwholookstohisownsalvationandthatofhischildrenis doingwellenougn.CatholicActionisacalltothelaitytobe moregenerousthanthat;toregardthemselvesasapostleswith amandatetogainallforChrist. Atatimelikethepresent,itis notenoughtoaimattransformingtheindividual.IftheobjectiveofCatholicAction,whichis torestoreallthingsinChrist,is tobeattained,theenvironment inwhichindividualslivemust betransformed.Hencetheneed foranorganisedmovement.CatholicActionistsaimattransformingthemselvesand their surroundings.Theyrecognise thattheordinaryChristianis notcastinanheroicmould.Unlessheishelpedtoovercomethe dangersthatthreatenourway H.C.PRIOR

oflifeinthemodernworld,heis verylikelytogounder.ThereforetheCatholicActionistisout tochangetheworldforthebetter.Heaimstosaveindividual andfamilyrightsfromtheencroachmentofthetotalitarian state,tosaveourchildrenfrom aneducationthatwouldroo themofChristianity,tosaveour youngpeoplefromthelegalised attackontheirchastity.To callsuchamovementamenace istooabsurdforwords.The onlythingthatismenacedby CatholicActionisEVILinsome formorother.

IMPROVEMENTOFSOCIETY

CatholicActionisnotpolitical.Infact,CatholicAction bodiesareprohibitedfromtakingpartinpolitics.Members ofthesebodiesareordinarycitizensandassuchhavepolitical rights.ThankstotheirtraininginCatholicAction,theywill understandtheirdutyofmaking fulluseoftheirrightstopromotetheimprovement,froma Christianpointofview,ofthe ocietyinwhichtheylive.Itis tobehopedthattheywillbe keenlyalivetotheevilthatcan resultfromtheneglectofthe useofpoliticalrights.Noris CatholicAction aneconomic movement.Thewellinstructed CatholicActionistwillrecognise theparteconomicsplaysin Ile.Hewillbeakeencritic ofinjustice,evenwhenithides itselfunderaneconomicsystem. HisCatholicActiontrainingwill leadhimtolovejusticewitha moreactivelove,andhateiniequity.TheteachingofCatholicsocialprincipleswhicharethe embodimentofthefundamental virtuesofjusticeandcharity.is partoftheworkofCatholicAction.Themanwhoisconvincedofthetruthandnecessityof theseprincipleswillnaturally workfortheirapplicationtothe concretecircumstancesinwhich hefindshimself.Thatwork,in sofarasithasapoliticalcharacter,isnotdirectlywithinthe :copeofCatholicAction.

So,"PlainMan,"Ireally don'tthinkyouhaveanyreason tofeartheCatholicChurchor Catholics.Infactyououghtto heverygratefultothefervent membersoftheChurch,whoare outtomaketheworldabetter placetoliveinandabetterpreparationforthehappinesshereafter.

EXCLUSIVECLAIMSOF CATHOLICCHURCH

"Broad-Minded,"Bassendean:

"YourChurchhassevererules; wehavenoneinourChurch.

Whydon'tyouallowCatholics toenteranotherChurch?"

A.:Yes."Broad-minded,"we donotallowthemembersofthe CatholicChurchtotakepartin theservicesofanotherChurch. Thatmayseemverysevereto manywell-meaningnon-Catholics,butthatisbecausetheydo notunderstandoneofthefundamentaldoctrinesoftheCatholicChurch,onewhichIhave oftenrecalledduringthissession,sooftenthatIfearto wearymylistenersbyrepeating it.Thesimplefactisthatthe CatholicChurch,andtheCatholicChurchalone,makestheclaim tobetheonlytrueChurchinan exclusivesense.VerymanynonCatholicsthinktheyarebroadmindedwhentheysay:"Oh,one religionisasgoodasanother, providedyoutrytolivedecently anddotoothersasyouwould bedoneby."TheCatholic,on theotherhand,hassomevery definite*newsontherelative valueofthedifferentreligious denominations.Hecanneverbe broad-mindedinthesensejust mentioned,forwhilehemayrecognisethesincerityofmany whodifferfromhimandadmire

theirexcellentqualitiesand genuinegoodnessofheart,he holdsfirmlytothetruththat thereisonlyonetrueChurch,the onefoundedbytheGod-Man, JesusChrist,forthesalvation ofallmankind.ThatChurch heknowstobetheCatholic Churchtowhichhebelongs.Unlesshebeverywellversedinthe labyrinthinewaysofthehuman mindhemayfinditdifficultto understandwhyeveryonecannotseetheabsoluteimpossibilityoftherebeingmorethanone trueChurch.Heseesthatthe variouschurchesdifferpretty fundamentallyabout truths whichheholdsforsupremely important.Heknowsthattruth isone. Thatonetruthcannot contradictanothertruth. He drawstheveryobviousconclusionthatwhentwosectsdiffer onsomepointeitheroneofthem isrightortheotherwrong,or elsetheyarebothwrong.He doesnotunderstandhowbothof themcouldberight-and,infact, theycannotbe.

Now,grantedtheCatholic positionthatourChurchpossessesthewholeofthetruthtaught byChrist,ourattitudetowards takingpartintheservicesof anyotherchurchseemseminentlyreasonable.Ifourreligion istheonlytruereligion,then everynon-Catholicbodyisnot thetrueChurch;andtotake partintheservicesofareligion weknownottobethetrueone, isevidentlysomethingnoup- rightpersoncouldtolerate.

Ofcourse.ifyouhold,asI think,"Broad-minded,"youdo, 'hatthereisnoonereligious bodywhichpossessesthefulnessofreligioustruth,thenyour desiretogoroundfromchurch tochurchandpickoutthebits thatappealtoyouisquiteunderstandable.Assomeonewell remarkedaboutthatoft-heard slogan:"Onereligionisasgood asanother.""Ofcourseitis,if youdon'tbelieveineitherof them."

LITURGICALDIFFICULTIES

Butyourlettercontinues: "Iremembermanyyearsagowe hadfourCatholicfriends,who oftenusedtocomeandstand outsideourchurchduringserviceandwatchthewholetime. Theycertainlywantedtocoma in.AndIthinktheywould stillhavebeenCatholicsif theyhad.Stilltheythought ourservicenicerthantheir own-notsohard,sortoffreer, that'showtheyexplainedit. ButtheywerebigotedCatholics."

A.:Idon'tknowwhatconclusionsyouwantmetodraw, "Broad-minded,"fromthatlittle story.Itisquitepossiblethat someformsofProtestantservicesmightappealverymuchto certainCatholics,especiallyto thosewhowerenotparticularly well-instructedintheliturgical partoftheirownreligion.For onethingtheymaywellhave founditeasiertofollowwhat wasgoingoninyourchurch onaccountoftheuseoftheEnglishtongue.Therearecertain difficultieswhichhavetobeovercomebythefaithfuliftheywish totaketheirfullpartinthe liturgicalfunctionsoftheCatholicChurch.

ForthatreasonIthinkitis amistaketobringalongnonCatholicstoMasswithoutat leastgivingthemsomepreliminaryinstructioninthemeaning oftheceremonyasawholeand ofitsvariousparts.Without thisamountofinstructionI fancytheMasswouldbeutterly unintelligibletoanoutsider.

Iwonderwhyyouaddthat theywereallbigotedCatholics. Iamsureyoudon'tmeananythingoffensivebythatterm. Yetonedoesnotassociateanin-

terestinthereligiousservices ofanotherdenominationwiththe ideaofabigotedCatholic.

Butyourlettercontinues: "ItisnicetojoinintheservicesofanotherChurch. 1"k havebeentoallchurchesexcepttheJews. Iwouldlike toattendtheirservice.It broadensyouroutlook."

A.:Wellperhapsitdoes, thoughIdoubtwhetheryou wouldunderstandmuchofthe Jewishservice,andafterall, sincethecomingofChrist,the Jewishservicesare,forChristiansatleast,quiteoutofdate. Asregardsitsbeingnicetojoin intheservicesofotherchurches, well,IhavegivenyoutheanswertothatremarkinwhatI saidabouttheonenessofthe ChurchofGod.Ifyouknow thattheChurchwhoseservice youareattendingisnotthetrue Church,thenIfailtoseehow therecanbeanything"nice" aboutyourattendance.

INCONSISTENCYOFDIVORCE

Butyoufinishyourletterby mentioninganotherdifficulty youhave.Yousay:

"Ijustcan'tmakeoutyourreligion.Yousayyoudon'tbelieveindivorce.Mypeople didn't,butIdo."

A.:InthatcaseIshouldliketo knowfromyouwhatmeaning youtakeoutofthewordsused inyourchurchintheadminis'rationofthesacramentofmarriage. asabride,said,if Imistakenot,inanswertothe iiuestionoftheminister:"Wilt thoutakethismantobethy eddedhusband,tolivetogether afterGod'sordinanceintheholy estateofmatrimony?Wiltthou obeyhimandservehim,love, honour,andkeephiminsicknessandhealthand,forsaking cal other,keeptheeonlyunto him,solongasyebothshall live."Youreplied"Iwill."In thecircumstancestheredoesnot seemtobeanyprovisionfordivorce

However,youhaveadifficulty aboutCatholic'srejectionof&yore's.Youask:

"IfyourChurchdoesnotbelieve indivorce,whydoCatholics believeinmarriagewithadivorcedProtestant?"

A.:Theydon't.IftheProtestantwasvalidlymarriedin thefirstplace,hecannotcontract amarriageintheCatholic Churchduringthelifetimeof hisfirstwife.Ifyoucouldget atthetruefactsofanycase whichseemstocontradictthis statement,youwouldfindthat forsomereasonthefirstmarriagewasnullandvoid,andconsequentlytheProtestantconcernedwasinfactunmarried. Manythanksforyourletter.I hopeIhavehelpedyoutosee whattheCatholicpositionis.

(ContinuedonPage19.)

STANO'BRIEN, COURTHOTEL, PERTH Phone:B42/1.

RandolphKnapp

(W.A.O.A.)

SIGHT-TESTINGOPTICIAN.

12ATWELLARCADE.

FREMANTLE-L1512.

M115$-Telephones-L

CATHOLICACTIONA POLITICALMOVE!

.'PlainMan,"Bunbury "Catholicsmayaonderwhywe don'tlikethem. Well,asa plain,bluntman. 1amgoing totellyouonereason:wefear youandyourChurch.Look atwhatyoucallCatholicAction.Thisisadefinitemenacetous,asitisapolitical moveoftheFascistItalian Church.Butdon'tforget we'vebeatMussolini."

A.:IhopeIdon'tforgetanything,especiallymysenseof humour.Isupposeyoumean theCatholicChurchwhenyou speakoftheFascistItalian Church.Well,Isupposethe bestanswerformetogiveright awayisthattheCatholicChurch isneitherItaliannorFascist.If "PlainMan,"youknewanything whateveraboutCatholicAction, whichapparentlyyoudonot,you wouldknowthatoneoftheearliestincidentsinitshistory,was aconflictwiththethenItalian Government,inwhichtheChurch wasthevictor,preciselybecause CatholicActionwasclearlynot political.Fortheinformation ofthosewhohavenothadanopportunityofstudyingCatholic Actionforthemselves,itmight bewelltostatejustwhatthat termisintendedtocover.Pope PiusXI.gavetheclassicaldefinitionofCatholicAction.Hedefineditasthesharingofthe laityintheapostolateofthe hierarchy.Thedefinitionis reallyverysimpleandveryclear, providedoneunderstandsthe meaningofthewordsused.

CatholicsbelievethatJesus Christcameonearthtosaveall men,andthatforthatpurpose Hewishedallofthemtobecome membersofonefold,underone Shepherd.ThatfoldistheCatholicChurch.Tothefirst membersofthatChurch,clergy andlaityalike,Hegavethe splendidmandate:"Go,teachall nations."Thehistoryofthe spreadoftheChristianChurch totheconfinesoftheknown worldshowushowearnestlythe Catholiclaityofthattimetook thismission.Theydidnot leavethedutyofspreadingthe goodtidingsbroughtbyChristto thosewhowerespeciallyset asideasbishopsandpriests. EverytrueChristianwasan apostle.

APOSTOLICMISSIONOF LAITY

However,thereisanever-presentclangsrthattheordinary Christianlaymannowadaysmay cometothinkthatthedutyof spreadingthefaithofChrist fallsonlyontheclergy,thata laymanwholookstohisownsalvationandthatofhischildrenis doingwellenough.CatholicActionisacalltothelaitytobe moregenerousthanthat;toregardthemselvesasapostleswith amandatetogainallforChrist. Atatimelikethepresent,itis notenoughtoaimattransformingtheindividual.IftheobjectiveofCatholicAction,whichis torestoreallthingsinChrist,is tobeattained,theenvironment inwhichindividualslivemust betransformed.Hencetheneed foranorganisedmovement.CatholicActionistsaimattransformingthemselvesandtheir surroundings.Theyrecognise thattheordinaryChristianis notcastinanheroicmould.Unlessheishelpedtoovercomethe dangersthatthreatenourway

oflifeinthemodernworld,he is verylikelytogounder.ThereforetheCatholicActionistisout tochangetheworldforthebetter.Heaimstosaveindividual andfamilyrightsfromtheencroachmentofthetotalitarian state,tosaveourchildrenfrom aneducationthatwouldrou themofChristianity,tosaveour youngpeoplefromthelegalised attackontheirchastity.To callsuchamovementamenace istooabsurdforwords.The onlythingthatismenacedby CatholicActionisEVILinsome formorother.

IMPROVEMENTOFSOCIETY

CatholicActionisnotpolitical. Infact,CatholicAction bodiesareprohibitedfromtakingpartinpolitics.Members ofthesebodiesareordinarycitizensandassuchhavepolitical rights.ThankstotheirtraininginCatholicAction,theywill understandtheirdutyofmaking fulluseoftheirrightstopromotetheimprovement,froma Christianpointofview,ofthe ocietyinwhichtheylive.Itis tobehopedthattheywillbe keenlyalivetotheevilthatcan resultfromtheneglectofthe tseofpoliticalrights.Noris CatholicActionaneconomic movement.Thewellinstructed CatholicActionistwillrecognise theparteconomicsplaysin life.Hewillbeakeencritic ofinjustice,evenwhenithides itselfunderaneconomicsystem. HisCatholicActiontrainingwill leadhimtolovejusticewitha moreactivelove,andhateinii,quity.TheteachingofCatholicsocialprincipleswhicharethe embodimentofthefundamental virtuesofjusticeandcharity.is partoftheworkofCatholicAction.Themanwhoisconvincedofthetruthandnecessityof theseprincipleswillnaturally workfortheirapplicationtothe concretecircumstancesinwhich hefindshimself.Thatwork,in sofarasithasapoliticalcharacter,isnotdirectlywithinthe scopeofCatholicAction.

So,"PlainMan,"Ireally don'tthinkyouhaveanyreason tofeartheCatholic.Churchor Catholics.infactyououghtto beverygratefultothefervent membersoftheChurch,whoare outtomaketheworldabetter placetoliveinandabetterpreparationforthehappinesshereafter.

EXCLUSIVECLAIMSOF CATHOLICCHURCH

"Broad-Minded,"Bassendean:

"YourChurchhassevererules; wehavenoneinour('hurch. Whydon'tyouallowCatholics toenteranotherChurch?"

A.:Yes,"Broad-minded,"we donotallowthemembersofthe CatholicChurchtotakepartin theservicesofanotherChurch. Thatmayseemverysevereto manywell-meaningnon-Catholics,butthatisbecausetheydo notunderstandoneofthefundamentaldoctrinesoftheCatholicChurch,onewhichIhave oftenrecalledduringthissession,sooftenthatIfearto wearymylistenersbyrepeating it.Thesimplefactisthatthe CatholicChurch,andtheCatholicChurchalone,makestheclaim tobetheonlytrueChurchinan exclusivesense.VerymanynonCatholicsthinktheyarebroadmindedwhentheysay:"Oh,one religionisasgoodasanother, providedyoutrytolivedecently anddotoothersasyouwould bedoneby."TheCatholic,on theotherhand,hassomevery definite'viewsontherelative valueofthedifferentreligious denominations.Hecanneverbe broad-mindedinthesensejust mentioned,forwhilehemayrecognisethesincerityofmany whodifferfromhimandadmire

theirexcellentqualitiesand genuinegoodnessofheart,he holdsfirmlytothetruththat thereisonlyonetrueChurch,the onefoundedbytheGod-Man, JesusChrist,forthesalvation ofallmankind.ThatChurch lieknowstobetheCatholic Churchtowhichhebelongs.Unlesshebeverywellversedinthe labyrinthinewaysofthehuman mindhemayfinditdifficultto understandwhyeveryonecannotseetheabsoluteimpossibilityoftherebeingmorethanone trueChurch.Heseesthatthe variouschurchesdifferpretty fundamentallyabout truths whichheholdsforsupremely important.Heknowsthattruth isone.Thatonetruthcannot contradictanothertruth.He drawstheveryobviousconclusionthatwhentwosectsdiffer onsomepointeitheroneofthem isrightortheotherwrong,or elsetheyarebothwrong.He doesnotunderstandhowbothof themcouldberight-and,infact, theycannotbe.

Now,grantedtheCatholic positionthatourChurchpossessesthewholeofthetruthtaught byChrist,ourattitudetowards takingpartintheservicesof anyotherchurchseemseminentlyreasonable.Ifourreligion istheonlytruereligion,then everynon-Catholicbodyisnot thetrueChurch;andtotake partintheservicesofareligion weknownottobethetrueone, isevidentlysomethingnouprightpersoncouldtolerate.

Ofcourse.ifyouhold,asI think,"Broad-minded,"youdo, thatthereisnoonereligious bodywhichpossessesthefulnessofreligioustruth,thenyour desiretogoroundfromchurch tochurchandpickoutthebits thatappealtoyouisquiteunderstandable.Assomeonewell remarkedaboutthatoft-heard slogan:"Onereligionisasgood asanother.""Ofcourseitis,if youdon'tbelieveineitherof them."

LITURGICALDIFFICULTIES

Butyourlettercontinues:

"Iremembermanyyearsagowe hadfourCatholicfriends,who oftenusedtocomeandstand outsideourchurchduringserviceandwatchthewholetime. Theycertainlywantedtocome in.AndIthinktheywould stillhavebeenCatholicsif theyhad.Stilltheythought ourservicenicerthantheir own-notsohard,sortoffreer, that'showtheyexplainedit. ButtheywerebigotedCatholics."

A.:Idon'tknowwhatconclusionsyouwantmetodraw, "Broad-mindeil,"fromthatlittle story.Itisquitepossiblethat someformsofProtestantservicesmightappealverymuchto certainCatholics,especiallyto thosewhowerenotparticularly well-instructedintheliturgical partoftheirownreligion.For onethingtheymaywellhave founditeasiertofollowwhat wasgoingoninyourchurch onaccountoftheuseoftheEnglishtongue.Therearecertain difficultieswhichhavetobeovercomebythefaithfuliftheywish totaketheirfullpartinthe liturgicalfunctionsoftheCatholicChurch.

ForthatreasonIthinkitis amistaketobringalongnonCatholicstoMasswithoutat leastgivingthemsomepreliminaryinstructioninthemeaning oftheceremonyasawholeand ofitsvariousparts.Without thisamountofinstructionI fancytheMasswouldbeutterly unintelligibletoanoutsider.

Iwonderwhyyouaddthat theywereallbigotedCatholics. Iamsureyoudon'tmeananythingoffensivebythatterm. Yetonedoesnotassociateanin-

terestinthereligiousservices ofanotherdenominationwiththe ideaofabigotedCatholic.

Butyourlettercontinues: "ItisnicetojoinintheservicesofanotherChurch.l havebeentoallchurchesexcepttheJews.Iwouldlike toattendtheirservice.It broadensyouroutlook."

A.:Wellperhapsitdoes, thoughIdoubtwhetheryou wouldunderstandmuchofthe Jewishservice,andafterall, sincethecomingofChrist,the Jewishservicesare,forChristiansatleast,quiteoutofdate. Asregardsitsbeingnicetojoin intheservicesofotherchurches, well,IhavegivenyoutheanswertothatremarkinwhatI saidabouttheonenessofthe ChurchofGod.Ifyouknow thattheChurchwhoseservice youareattendingisnotthetrue Church,thenIfailtoseehow therecanbeanything"nice" aboutyourattendance.

INCONSISTENCYOFDIVORCE

Butyoufinishyourletterby mentioninganotherdifficulty youhave.Yousay:

"Ijustcan'tmakeoutyourreligion.Yousayyoudon'tbelieveindivorce.Mypeople didn't,butIdo."

A.:InthatcaseIshouldliketo knowfromyouwhatmeaning youtakeoutofthewordsused inyourchurchintheadministrationofthesacramentofmarriage.You,asabride,said,if Imistakenot,inanswertothe questionoftheminister:"Wilt thoutakethismantobethy weddedhusband,tolivetogether afterGod'sordinanceintheholy estateofmatrimony?Wiltthou obeyhimandservehim,love, honour,andkeephiminsicknessandhealthand,forsaking :..11other,keeptheeonlyunto him,solongasyebothshall live."Youreplied"Iwill."In thecircumstancestheredoesnot seemtobeanyprovisionfordivorce

However,youhaveadifficulty aboutCatholic'srejectionof vorce.Youask:

"IfyourChurchdoesnotbelieve indivorce,whydoCatholics believeinmarriagewithadivorcedProtestant?"

A.:Theydon't.IftheProtestantwasvalidlymarriedin thefirstplace,hecannotcontract amarriageintheCatholic Churchduringthelifetimeoi hisfirstwife.ifyoucouldget atthetruefactsofanycase whichseemstocontradictthis statement,youwouldfindthat forsomereasonthefirstmaxriagewasnullandvoid,andconsequentlytheProtestantconcernedwasinfactunmarried. Manythanksforyourletter.I hopeIhavehelpedyoutosee whattheCatholicpositionis.

(ContinuedonPage19.)

STANO'BREN, COURTHOTEL, PERTH PhoneB4281.

RandolphKnapp (W.A.O.A.)

OURCATHOLICSCHOOLSANDCOLLEGES

LoretoConvent"Osborne"-Claremont BOARDINGANDDAYCOLLEGE.

TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducationonmodernlinesinall branchesofstudy.Thepupilsarepreparedforallexaminations.TheSchoolisbeautifullysituatedbetweenOceanand River,inextensivegrounds,withfineplayingfieldsandprivate SwimmingPoolinRiver.

Telephone:F2135. Apply-MOTHERSUPERIOR.

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Shereturned,smiling,tothe vicar,andhandinghimthechequesaid:"OhIgotonsplendidlywiththeoldgentleman. Look,hehasgivenmeacheque for£100."

Thevicarwasdelighted,took thecheque,andafterlookingat itsaid:"But-butthesignature iscutaway."

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"Yes,"saidthewarder,"he wasthecoolestandmost thoughtfulconvict,whoever brokegaol."

"Youdon'tsayso?"

"Yes,heleftbehindhima notetothegovernoroftheprisonbeginning:'Ihopeyouwill forgivethelibertyIamtaking.'"

* *

BegantoFeelOld.

OldestInhabitant:"Yousee thispipe?DickTurpingaveitto me."

Tourist:"ButDickTurpinhas beendeadtwohundredyears!"

OldestInhabitant:"Really? Twohundredyears?Howtime flies!Itmakesmebeginto feelold."

YoungJimSmithhadachievedhisambition.Hewas15today.Butitwasnotthatwhich excitedhim;itwasthenicely creasedpairoflongtrousershe wore-hisfirstpair.

"Comeandshowyourfather," hismotherurged.Shewasa littleproudtothinkthatherson wasgrownupenoughtowear longtrousers.Butfatherdidn't seemtocare.Hewastooenchantedwithhisownpresence. Tennisracketinhand,hestood makingimaginarystrokesbeforethemirrortoseehowhe lookedinhisnewwhiteshortsthefirsthehadwornsincehe was15.

Afilmactorandhiswife wereseatedinasecludedcorner oftheirclub.Thewifehada tonguelikeashrewandwas beratingherhusbandinnouncertainterms. Unnoticedbyher,apartyof acquaintancesapproachedwithin earshotjustasshedeliveedherselfofthis:"Youmeanskunk! OfalltheslimysnakesIthink you'retheworst.You'rejusta cheapskate!"

Noticingthepeoplewhohad justarrived,thehusband,who deservesamedalfortact,said: "Quiteright,dear,andwhatelse didyousaytohim?"

Visitor:"Dearme!Fancyyour beingcalledRobertBurns-why, that'saverywell-knownname."

Native:"Naedootitis;I've beenblacksmithintheplacefor nighonfortyyears."

"Iseemtoknowyourface."

"Veryprobably-Iamabouta lot."

"Yes,Ihavecertainlyseen yousomewhere." "Yes,Ioftengothere."

"No,sir,"repliedthereporter.

"Thengetmarriedatonce,and letmehavethreecolumnsby fouro'clockon'Howtomanage awife."'

"Areyoureallygoingto marryawidower?"

"Certainly.Whynot?"

"Butsupposehestartstalking abouthisformerwife?"

"ThenI'llsilencehimbytalkingaboutmynexthusband."

"I'veamachineinmyworks thatwouldmakemeamillionaireifonlyIcouldkeepitworkingallday."

"Whatsortofmachineisit?"

"Acashregister."

* *

"ThisfellowEkinnertriedto tellmethathehashadthesame automobileforfreeyears,and hasneverpaidacentforrepairs onit,"saidthefatman."D. youbelievethat?"

"Ido,"repliedthethinman, sadly."I'mthemanwhodid hisrepairworkforhim."

"Waiter,"askedtheimpatieut customer,"doyoucallthisea oysterstew?"

"Yessuh,"repliedMr.Erasmus Pinkley.

"Why,theoysterinthisstew isn'tbigenoughtoflavourit."

"Hewasn'tputintoflavour it,suh.Heisjes'supposedto christenit."

*

"Jones'swifethinkstheworld ofherhusband."

"Doesshe?"

"Yes;sheevenbelievesthe parrottaughthimtoswear."

HOTELRAFFLES

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Allenquiriesconcerningadvertisingshouldbeaddressedto theAdvertisingManager,"TheRecord,"450HayStreet, Perth.PRONEB8950.

Intothenightcourttheother evening,theymarchedaman whohadalltheearmarksofa professionaltoughguy.This chapwasasdesperate-looking asanygorillayou'veeverseen.

Themagistratelookeddownat thesurlyprisoner.

"Well,"askedHisHonour, "guiltyornotguilty,"

Theprisonerscowled.

"Figureitoutyerself,"he snarled."That'swhatyergettin'paidfor!"

Wednesday,February19,1947.

THECATHOLICANSWER

(ContinuedfromPage17.)

BIBLEREADERSFROMTHE BEGINNING

"BibleLover,"Mullewa: "Inrecentrepliestocritics,you havesaidthattheCatholic Churchencouragesherpeople toreadtheBible.Thissurprisedmeverymuch,asIwas alwaysledtobelievequitethe contrary.Thismustbea recentmovementinyour Church,foryoumustrememberthatatthetimeofthe ProtestantReformationin England,theBibleinEnglish wasunknowntothepeople, untiltheProtestanttranslation byTyndalewasprinted."

A.:TheCatholicChurchhas alwaysencouragedthestudyof theHolyBible.SothatImay showhowtruemystatementis, Ishallgiveyouaverybrief glanceatthehistoryofthe Bibleinonecountry,butone whichwillinterestmost,viz., England.Littleisknownofthe firstarrivalofChristianityin EnglandwiththeRomantipl(hers;butofthesecondChfistianisingofEnglandbythe monkssentbyPopeGregorythe GreatfromRomein697A.D., andthoseotherCelticmonks, whocamefromScotlandand Ireland,weknowmore.We wouldexpectthattheywould bringmanuscriptsoftheScriptureswiththem,andthereis goodevidencethattheydid,and thattheywereassiduousinmultiplyingthesemanuscriptsand disseminatingtheknowledgecontainedinthem.

VenerableBede,writingofa disputationatSt.Albansinthe 6th.century,notesthatthereverendBishopspouredohttheir towingwordsconfirmedwith scripturesoutoftheGospels andtheApostles.OfSt.Aidan andhiscompanions,wholivedin the6th.century,hesays: "Theygavethemselvescontinuallytocontemplation,thatisto saytheybestowedalltheirtime eitherinreadingsheScriptures irinlearningthePsalter."He describedSt.Honorius,thefifth ArchbishopofCanterbury,as"a manprofoundlylearnedinthe holyScriptures.

TennisRacquetsRestrungbyex pertsatWimbledonSportsDepot, 14BonMarcheArcade.

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SCRIPTURESINTHE VERNACULAR

Butthese,hementions,would havereadtheirBibleinLatin, andsince,"BibleLover,"youare probablymoreinterestedinthe Englishversions.Well,thefirst, SaxonwritingsontheScriptures,asfarasweknow,were byCaedmonalaymonkof Whitby,whodiedabout680. Bedesaysthathewrote"songs andmetresforreligionand godlymeditation,onsubjects fromtheBookofGenesistothe doctrineoftheApostles;inother words,forthewholerangeof HolyWrit.Howassiduously, then,mustheandhislikehave beeninstructedbyhispriestly teachers.OmittingtheLatin translationsmadeaboutthis time,someofwhicharestillpreservedintheBritishMuseum andelsewhere,wemightmention St.Aldhelm'sEnglishtranslation ofthePsalter,andalsothatby St.Guthlac.VenerableBede himselfdevotedagreatdealof hislifetoScripturalstudy,the qualityofwhichcanbeseen fromthoseofhiswritingswhich havecomedowntousandare -sadfromtimetotimeby priestsintheBreviary.Pureey,whore-editedWycliff's Bible,writingin1388,appealsto :hroniclesandbooksasshowing thatBede"translatidetheBible andexpoundidemychoinSaxon thecommonlanguageofthis landinhistyme."

Duringthe8th.centurythe librarianAlcuinproducedavernacularversionofthePentateuch.Threeversionsofthe Psalterhavecomedowntous fromthe9th.century.Inthe followingcenturytheAbbotAelfrictranslatedtheHeptateuch, thebooksofJob,Esther,Judith, Macabees,andpartofthebook ofKings,usingalreadyexisting Anglo-Saxonversions.

"Beforethemiddleofthe14th. century,"writesaProtestanthistorian,"theentireOldTestament andthegreaterpartoftheNew hadbeentranslatedintothe Anglo-Normandialectofthe period."

ThewholeoftheBibleappearedinthevernacularformfrom thepenofJohnTrevisa,who diedin1397-aninterestingfact tobefoundinthePrefaceofthe AnglicanAuthorisedVersionof 1611,whereitisstatedthat:

"EveninourKingRichardII.'s daysJohnofTrevisatranslated them(theScriptures)intoEnglish,andmanyEnglishbiblesin writtenhandareyettobeseen withdiverstranslatedasitis veryprobableatthatage."

ThetestimonyofSt.Thomas Moreisofinterestbothonaccountofhislearningandhisundoubtedintegrity.Hetellsus:

"ThewholeBiblewaslongbeforeWycliff'sdaysbyvirtuous andwell-learnedmentranslated intotheEnglishtongueandby goodandgodlypeoplewithdevotionandsobernesswellandreverentlyread."

Andinanotherplacehewrites:

"Myselfhaveseenandcanshow youBiblesfairandold,written inEnglish,whichhavebeen knownandseenbytheBishop ofthedioceseandleftinlayman'shandsandwomen's hands."Whichremindsusthat whiletheauthoritieswererightlyconcernedabouttheaccuracy ofthetranslationsintothecommonspeechtheywereinnowise opposedtothepossessionand useofthevernacularscriptures providedtheversionswerecorrect.

FOURTEENPRINTEDBIBLES

BEFORELUTHER

Inpointoffact,then,the ChurchdidencouragethereadingoftWeBible.Naturallythe inventionofprintinggavea greatimpulsetothedisseminationof printedtheScriptures.'Thefirst bookofanysizewasan editionoftheVulgate,whichap- pearedbetween1462and1471. TheHebrewBiblewasprintedin 1488.TherewasaFrenchBible printedin1474.ThefirstGermanprintedversionappearedin 1466.Itwas,ofcourse,printed underthesupervisionoftheauthoritiesoftheCatholicChurch. Interesting,indeed,asarefutationofthecurrentmythisthe factthatfourteeneditionsof theBibleinGermanhadbeen printedbeforethefirstLutheran Biblemadeitsappearance.Beforetheyear1483therewere Italian,Danish,Flemish,Spanish,Bohemian,Slavonic.and RussianBibles.AProtestant historiansumsupthesituation thus:"Inall,includingthepoly glots,sixhundredandtwenty editionsoftheBibleandits parts,ofwhichonehundredand ninety-eightwereinthelanguageofthelaity,hadissuedfrom thepresswiththesanctionand instanceoftheCatholicChurch inthecountrieswhereshereignedsupremebeforethefirstProtestantversionwassentforth intotheworld."

Andthere,"BibleLover,"I thinkwemightsafelyleavethe questionforthemoment.

ARESOLUTENON-SINGER

"NoSongster,"Perth,writes: "1stoppedgoingtochurch,becausetheytriedtomakeme sing.Otherpeoplecandoso iftheylike."

A.:Well,Iamgladyouare tolerantofotherpeople.Musicis arhythmicalexpressionofhumanfeeling,andsurelythereis everyreasonwhypeopleshould havefeelingsofreverence,gratitude,andlovetowardsGod,and therhythmicalexpressionof thesefeelingshelpsmanymen todeepenthemintheirsouls.

Musichelpstoexpress,andso tostrengthen,thecravingofthe humanheartforGod.Again, whenmengathertogetherto givepublicexpressiontotheir desiretopraiseandreverence God,theyfindthattheycando soinamorebefittingmannerby employingthemostbeautiful formofexpressioninsoundrhythmicalsoundormusic.So, itis.wellthatyoushouldbetoleiantofsinginginchurch-itis man'swayofdoinghisbestto praiseGodwell.

Youcontinue:

DoIhavetosingifIjoinupas aCatholic?

A.:No.InordertobecomeaCatholic,youhavetoreceivelightandgracefromGod. Thatiswhyyoumustsetout onyourenquirywithearnest prayertoGod,thatHemaylead youtothetruth.Youmust makeanhonestenquiryintothe reasonsforbeingaCatholicorifyouarealreadysincerely convincedthattheCatholic ChurchcanspeakwithauthorityfromGod,youmustbelieve allthattheChurchteaches, justbecauseitcomesfromGod. Youwillhavetoobservethe CommandmentsofGodandof HisChurch;youwillbeaskedto takeJesusChristforyour I modelandtoputtheserviceof

Godfirstinyourlife,butnoyouwillnotberequiredtosing. Andthatbringsmetoyour finaloutburst: "BecauseIsimplywon'tsingin thislifeorinthenext."

A.:AsIhavesaid,youwill neverberequiredtosingita Catholicchurch.SaintPaul counselledtheearlyChristians tosingandmakemelodyin theirhearts,andonthewholeI thinkyouwouldbewelladvised tokeepthemelodywithinyour

heart-i.e.,tohavethewillto praiseGodwellandworthily. Andasforthenextlife,itis truethatwespeakfamiliarlyof angelsandtheblessedinhenvensingingGod'spraise.Angelsarepurespiritsandhave nobodiesandsonovoices,and as,fortheblessedinheaven,rememberthatheavenconsistsessentiallyinunionwithGodand thepossessionofHim,sothata soulislovedbyHimandloves Himinaneternalembrace.

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ALLSUBJRCTS-ALLLIAM INQUIRIESINVITED.

TheStoryofaRemarkableMan

FatherWilliamDoyle,S.J.

"Whentheregimentmoved forward,thedoctorandIwent withit.Bythistimethe'impregnable'ridgewasinour hands,andtheenemyretreating downthefarside. Ispentthe restofthatmemorabledaywanderingoverthebattlefieldlookingforthewounded,andhad thehappinessofhelpingmanya poorchap.AsIknewthere wasnochanceofsayingMass nextmorning,Ihadtakenthe precautionofbringingseveral ConsecratedParticleswithme, sothatIshouldnotbedeprived ofHolyCommunion.Itwas theFeastofCorpusChristi,and IthoughtofthemanyprocessionsoftheBlessedSacrament whichwerebeingheldatthat momentallovertheworld.Surely,thereneverwasastranger onethanminethatday,asI carriedtheGodofConsolation inmyunworthyarmsoverthe bloodstainedbattlefield.There wasnomusictowelcomeHis comingsavethescreamofa passingshell;theflowersthat strewedHispathwerethebrokenandbleedingbodiesofthose forWhomHeoncedied;andthe onlyAltarofReposeHecould findwastheheartofonewho wasworkingforHimalone, strivinginafeeblewaytomake Himsomereturnatleastforall Hisgoodness.Hecertainlydirectedmystepsontwooccasions atleast. Icameacrossone youngsoldierhorriblymutilated, allhisintestineshangingout, butquiteconsciousandableto speaktome.Helivedlong enoughtoreceivetheLastSacraments,anddiedinpeace. LateronintheeveningIwas goinginacertaindirection whensomethingmademeturn back;Isaw,inthedistance,a manbeingcarriedonastretcher.Hebelongedtotheartilleryandhadnochanceofseeing apriestforalongtime,buthe musthavebeenagoodlad,for Marydidnotforgethimatthe hourof.hisdeath.Thethings Irememberbestofthatdayof twenty-fourhoursofworkare: theswelteringheat,adevouring thirstwhichcomesfromtheexcitementofbattle,physical weaknessfromwantoffood,and awearinessandfootsoreness, whichItrustwillpay.atleast alittle,ofSt.Peter'sheavy scoreagainstme."

Thesoldiersidolisedtheir kindlyandheroicpadre.Ina lettertohisfather,whichhe wroteonaroadsidebankunder

atree,butwiththegrimsounds ofbattlenotveryfardistant,he says:"WhilstIwaswriting,one ofmymenbelongingtotheIrish Rif's,ofwhichIhavecharge also,passedby.Wechatted forafewminutes,andthenhe wenton,butcamebackshortly withasteamingbowlofcoffee whichhehadboughtforme.'I amnotoneofyourflock,Father,' hesaid,'butweallhaveagreat likingforyou.'Andthenhe added:'Ifalltheofficerstreated usasyoudo.ourliveswouldbe different.'Iwasgreatlytouchedbythepoorlad'sthoughtfulness,andimpressedbywhathe said:'Akindwordoftengoes furtherthanonethinks,andone losesnothingbyremembering thatsoldiersarehumanbeings andhavefeelingslikeanyone else.'"

Asthetroopsmovedalongon thatterriblebattlefield,Father Doylerecordedtheghastly eventseachdayinhisdiary,at theendofwhichtherefollowed thislastlettertohisfather,so patheticinthelightofhisdeath twodayslater:

"Ihavetoldyouallmyescapes,dearestfather,becauseI thinkwhatThavewrittenwill giveyouthesameconfidence whichIfeel,thatmyoldarmchairupinheavenisnotready yet,andIdonotwantyoutobe uneasyaboutme.Iamallthe betterforthesecoupleofdays' rest,andamquiteonmyfightinglegsagain.Leavewillbe possibleveryshortly,Ithink,so Ishallonlysay'aurevoir'in viewofanearlymeeting.Heaps oflovetoeverydearone.As ever.dearfather.yourloving son.Willie.14/8/'17."

Beforethisletterreached home,FatherDoylewasdead.

OnAugust1fi,1917.thefighting becamedesperate;thedoctor andchaplainreecivedordersto retire.FatherDoyledidn't obeytheorder-howcouldhe whenhewasneededsobadly?

Wordcametohimthatawoundedofficerwaslyingoutinan exposedposition.FatherDoyle crawledoutandministeredto him.Thenheproceededto bringhimtoasaferplace.He gothimtoapill-box,outof whichcamethreeofficers.Father Doyleaskedforawaterbottle togivethedyingmanadrink. Asthebottlewasbeingpassed tohim,ashellburstinthemidst ofthegroup,killingFather Doyleandthefourofficersinstantaneously.

liras

WinterandearlySpringisthe timeofthelyre-bird.

ThisnativeAustralianmimic isnowsingingathisbest,and 'lancingandfrolickingathisliveliest.Itisnowthatyoushould gotothemountainglensnear yourtownandseehim-forit isthemalethatisthegreater showmanandthatvisitorshave comefromallovertheworldto see.

Possiblythemostfavourable spotforlyre-birdsisVictoria's SherbrookeForestintheDandenongRanges.

Youcan'talwaysseethebirds onacasualvisit.Thelyre-bird isverytemperamentalandperformsonlyunderconditionsof privacy,andwhenhebelieveshe isunobserved.Theslightest carelesssoundwillsendhim scurryingintothebush.

Hegiveshisbestperformances onstill,mistymornings.Asthe fogisliftingsnatchesofmelody canbeheard.Then,suddenly, asongmayringout-purenotes inasemi-originalstanzain whichthereisgloriouselaborationofthenotesofotherbirds oftheAustralianbush.

Afterthesongcomesthe (-lance.Ithasbeencalled"the mostromanticspectacleinnaturalhistory."

Heisonamound-atilledand raisedcircleofbrownearthin thegreenundergrowth.

Againstthebrownearththe birdisscarcelyvisibleuntilhis largetailissweptuprightand fallsreversedoverhishead.

Itiscomposedofsixteenlarge feathersallshowingtheirsilvery whiteunderneathsides.

Thelyre-birdisnowenveloped inashimmeringfanofsilver. Thewhitenessofthetwolarge outerfeathersiscolouredby bandsofchestnutandeachends inablackcurl.

Totheaccompanimentof clickingandwhirringsoundsthe performermovesaboutthe moundinsidesteps,andsways gentlyfromonefoottotheother. Hewillwhirlquicklyandmake curiousjumpsinseriesofthree followedbyloud"quilpquilp" noises.

Laterthefilmyplumeswillbe vibratedswiftlysothatthebird looksasifitisthecentreofa smallsnowstorm.Thisisthe

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DearCornerites

NowthattheHolySeasonof Lenthascommenced,itwillbe wellforuseveryeveningwhen weexamineourconsciencesto ask:"HaveIbeenfaithfultomy resolutiontodoonesmallthing extra(luringLent?"Ifyou cananswer"Yes,"thankOur LordforHishelpandaskforthe gracetopersevere.Iftheansweris"No,"makeanactofsorrowandresolvetostartafresh thenextmorning.Itisnotso importantwhenwebreawourreimportantwhenwebreakourresolutionssolongaswetry straightawaytokeepthem Andanotherthing.Doyou allremembertosayaprayerto yourGuardianAngel?Our

Lordhasgiveneachoneofus, childrenandgrown-ups,oneof Hisownangelstoguardusand' toguideus.Thatangeliswith usnightandday,anditwould beverystrangeindeedifwe neverthoughttothankhimfor hisprotectionandaskedhimto bewithusinthefuture.

Finally,howaboutalittle moreeffortallroundforthe BushiesduringLent.I'mafraid someofouroldfriendshavegivenusthe"go-by,"andthereare notsomanynewCorneritescominginasIwouldlike.So shoulderstothewheel,everyone,duringLent,andletpoor oldAuntknowthatyouhavenot forgottenherandtheBusbies. Lovetoyouallfrom AUNTBESSY.

TheThirteenthApostle

St.ClementofAlexandriasays thataccordingtotradition,St. MatthiaswasoneoftheseventytwodiscipleswhomOurLordhad sentout,twobytwo,duringHis ministry,andthisisalsoassertedbyEusebiusandbySt.Jerome.WeknowfromtheActs oftheApostlesthathewasconstantlywiththeSaviourfrom thetimeofHisbaptismuntil Hisascension.WhenSt.Peter, inageneralassemblyheldsoon after,haddeclaredthatitwas necessarytoelectatwelfthapostleinplaceofJudas,twocandidateswereunanimouslychosen asmostworthyofthedignity, JosephcalledBarsabasandMatthias.Afterdevoutprayerto GodthatHewoulddirecttheir choice,theyproceededtocast lots,andthelotfelluponMatthias,whowasaccordinglynumberedwiththeelevenandranked amongtheapostles.HereceivedtheHolyGhostwiththerest soonafterhiselectionandappliedhimselfwithzealtothe functionsofhisoffice. Itis sightthatallwhoareinterested inbirdshopetosee.

Theywillsitinthebushfor hourslisteningtolyre-birdnotes -waitingforthecadencestobecomemoreexcitedandenthusiastic.Thentheyconsideritsafesttotrackthebirdinhopeof seeingthedance.Untilhehas hypnotisedorexcitedhimself withhisownsongheistoowary tobeapproached.

Thesongthatpreludesthe danceisusuallygivenafew minutesafterasustainedburst ofmimickingandbubblingnotes. Whileheisexcitinghimselffor thedancehewillimitatethe thrushandkookaburra,willgive musicalwhistles,andwillyodel likeabutcherbird.Sometimes liewillsoundlikeagangofcockatoos,atotherslikeawhole flockofparrots, Aftertwentyminutesthesong willend.Thenitwillbegin againinadifferentspot.At firstitwilllackfervour.Thisis thesignforwhichthelyre-bird hunterhasbeenwaiting-buthe sitsstilluntilitstempoincreases.

Withthatincreaseintempohe judgesthelyre-birdtobelosing hiswariness,andthehunter makeshiswaytothesong.

Ifhe'sluckyhewillseethe dance-andtalkandwriteabout itfortherestofhislife.

statedbyClementofAlexandria thathewasremarkableforhis insistenceuponthenecessityof mortifyingthefleshtosubdue allsensualandirregularappe- tites-alessonhehadlearnt fromChristandwhichhefaithfullypracticedhimself.

Thefirstpartofhisministry wasspent,wearetold,inJudea, butheafterwardswenttoother lands.AccordingtotheGreeks, heplantedthefaithinCappadociaandonthecoastsofthe CaspianSea,residingchieflyat Issus.Heenduredgreatpersecutionandilltreatmentfrom thesavagepeopleamongstwhom heworked,andfinallyreceived thecrownofmartyrdomatColchis,whichtheyerroneouslycall ?Ethiopia.Weknownothing forcertainofthemannerofhis death,buttheGreekMenaea andotherlegendarysourcessay thathewascrucified.Hisbody isstatedtohavebeenkeptfor alongtimeinJerusalemandto havebeentranslatedfromthere toRomebySt.Helen,the MotherofConstantine. HisFeast(layisobservedon the24th.inst.

PRAYERTOOURLADY.

MaryofPurity, MaryofBlue, I.sttomyearnestprayer, "Makemeasyou."

amachildofthineTeachmetobe Gentleandcomforting Likeuntothee.

Inallmyworkto-day Humblemysoul.

MaryofCharity, Makethoumewhole.

Turnthoumywaywardheart

Tothoughtsofthee, MaryofHappiness, Hearkentome.

MaryofGraciousness, Keepmethisday SafeinthyMother-love, Worthytopray;

Sowhentheeveningfalls, MaryofBlue, Imayfindrest IntheChrist-Childandyou. -MaryKing.

Alademployedbyoneofthe bigchainstoresturnedupto workonemorninginanewcar.

Themanagerheardofitand, fearingthattheboymightbe gettingintodebt,sentforhim.

"Howisit,"heasked,"that youcanaffordtorunacaron twopoundstenaweek?"

"Quiteeasy,"repliedthe youth."Therearetwohundred peopleemployedinthisshop. EveryweekJrafflemypayenvelopeatabobachance."