The Record Newspaper 12 February 1947

ChemistsLuredintoContraceptive RacketbyExtravagantProfits

NationalDisservicebyWell-knownFirm

SponsoringBirthPrevention

InSeptember,1942,thethen FederalMinisterforHealth,Mr. Holloway,inissuingNational SecurityRegulationsprohibiting propagandaforandtheadvertisingofcontraceptives,saidthat "contraceptivecontrolwasthe firststepinmeetingthegreat nationaldangerofAustralia's fallingbirthrate."

TheMinisterthenwentonto saythatwhilethequestionof thebirthratewasacomplexone, inwhicteconomicfactorssuch aspovertyandinsecurityhad considerableinfluence,"thecommercialexploitationofthesale ofcontraceptivesbythepresent uncontrolledpracticeoffreeadvertisingandcirculationofpostalmatter,wasanationalevil."

Mr.Holloway,onthatoccasion,saidthatthebirthrateof Australiahadfallentoavery seriousdegreesince1920. Whereasin1871theproportion ofourpopulationbelow16years was42percent.,in1940itwas only26percent.Takingthe twoyearsimmediatelyprecedingthetwoworldwars,births totalled135,714in1913,and 120,415in1938,althoughour populationwas2,000,000more thanin1918.

The"nationalevil"ofcontraceptionisnolessinJanuary, 1947.Accordingly,asamatterofpublicconcern,wedraw attentiontoacircularwhichhas beenissuedtochemiststhroughouttheCommonwealth,and whichadvisesthat"anintensive detailingandmailingcampaign coveringeverydoctorinthe Commonwealth"isunderwayin ordertoincreasethesalesofa contraceptivepreparation.

RemarkableThing.

Theremarkablethingabout hiscircularisthatitisissued lyawellknownfirm,Johnson andJohnsonPty.,Ltd.,whichis prominentlybeforethepublicas themanufacturerofJohnson's BabyPowderandothercommoditiesforthewelfareofinfants.

Thatthisfirm,whichthepublicassociateswithlaudable,even ifcommercialconcernforthe well-beingofbabies,shouldbe conducting"anintensivecampaign"toboostupthesaleofa contraceptivepreparationand thusaddtothegravityofan alarming"nationalevil"will comeasashocktotheaverage Australian.

Whatistobenoticedparticularlyistheemphasisplacedon commercialprofit.Thisproduct,itissaid,"hasalwaysbeen oneofthemostprofitableproductsinyourpharmacy,"and thecirculargoesontosaythat

"toincreaseyourprofitsonthe greatlyincreasedsalesthatwill follow,weareofferingyoua specialbonusdeal thatwill turngenerousprofileintoreally handsomeprofits."

Readerswillbeinterestedto learnwhatthese'reallyhandsomeprofits"are.Hereisa copyofthecircular,whichis headed"AdditionalBonusonOrtho-Gynol,"andisdatedJanuary,1947: DearSir:

Asyouknow.ourpolicywith Ortho-Gynolhasalwaysbeen twofold.First,strictlyethical promotion;secondly,generous profitmarginforthechemist.

Tofurtherincreaseyoursales, wearelaunchinganintensive detailingandmailingcampaign coveringeverydoctorintheCommonwealth.

Ortho-Gynolhasbeenalways oneofthemostprofitableproductsinyourpharmacy,andto increaseyourprofitsonthe greatlyincreasedsalesthatwill follow,weareofferingyoua specialbonusdeal(availableup toMarch31,19-17)thatwillturn generousprofitsintoreallyhandsomeprofits.

Herearedetailsofthedeals available:-

Onbuying:3dozenparcel(9 packagesfree),1dozen"A"and 2dozen"B"packages,plus9 "B"packagesfree(less10per centdiscount),profit,18/14/10.

6dozenparcel(24packages free):2dozen"A"and4dozen "B"packages,plus24"B"packagesfree(less10percentdiscount),profit£19/3/2.

12dozenparcel(60packages free):4dozen"A"and8dozen "B"packages,plus60"B"packagesfree(less10percent.discount),profit,£43/13/3.

Maywesuggestthatyoumake hemostofthisofferbyorderingoneofthelargerparcelsin anticipationoftheincreaseddemandthatweknowiscoming?

Atleastorderthe6dozenparcel (2dozen"A"and4dozen"B," withtheextra2dozen"B"addedwithoutextracost).Note thatthetotalprofitonthisparcelis£19/13/2-surelyanextraordinaryreturnonalinethatis sowellreceivedbythemedical professionandpublicalike.

YourJ&Jrepresentativewill hepleasedtodiscussthiswith youonhisnextvisit,butrememberthedealsendsonMarch31, 1947.

Withcompliments, Yoursfaithfully, Johnson&JohnsonPty.,Ltd., R.W.MAYHEW, SalesDirector.

NoInformation.

On,Catholicchemis.whowas askedtocommentonthismattersaidthatthecontraceptive trafficwas"afirst-classracket... Anotherwasindignantat"the baitheldouttochemistsinorder togetthemtostockup.Unfortunately,manyofthemtakethe baitandbringtheprofession intodiscredit."

Inthisregarditisinteresting torecollectthatonMay15,last year,aquestionontheextentof contraceptiveproductionwas askedintheVictorianLegislativeAssemblybyMr.J.Cremean, M.L.A.Thequestionputtothe ChiefSecretarywas"whether anyevidenceisavailabletoshow theextentofcontraceptiveproductioninVictoria;ifsowhat arethefiguresforthelasttwo availableannualperiods."

Thereplywas"Noinformationavailable."

Whyisnoinformationavailable?Thepublichasarightto knowtheextentofthistraffic.It isknowntobeextensiveand, bytheway,itisknownthat younggirlsareemployedinthe manufactureofsomeofthese devices.

SomeindicationmaybegainedfromfiguresfromBritain whenduringthewaryearsthe AnglicanBishopofSt.Alban's estimateof33.500.000articles fromonefactory.apartfromthe mail-orderdepartment,wasdescribedas"probablyaboutright" bythesecretaryoftheCatholic PharmaceuticalGuild.

StrangeBusiness.

Alsorelevantisreferenceto aneditorialarticlewhichappearedin"TheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,"commentinguponasurveyinthe magazine,"Fortune,"of"the businessofbirthcontrol."The medicaljournalsaidthatthe trafficwas"astrangebusiness withonefootamongthesciences andtheotheramonghundredsof scoundrelswhomakesmallfortunesoutofignorance."The "Fortune"surveyisquotedas saying"theindustry"atpresent doesa250,000,000dollarsayear businessandthatthereisanestimatedannualprofitof75,000,000dollarsayearforthemanufacturersalone.

"Asthewritersin'Fortune' emphasise,"theeditorialsays, "thecontraceptivemanufacurer realisesthatmostoftheproductsareunsatisfactoryandfrequentlyfailtoproducethedesiredresults."

The"Journal's"editorialadds that"thefemininesideofthe birthcontrolbusinessisappalling";thatwomenspend200,000,000dollarsannuallyfor"at least636differentbrands,sold largelyunderthedeceptiveadvertisingterm'FeminineHygiene',"that"notoneofthem hasbeenprovedtobeentirely effectivewhenusedalone,and

Everythingforthewelfareofthebaby. Handsomebonusestopreventbabiesbeing born-thisistheparadoxicalattitudeof JohnsonandJohnsonPty.,Ltd.

someofthemarepotentiallydangerous." "'Femininehygiene'products,' theeditorialadds,"mayevenbe advertisedas'sure,safeanddependable,'butwheretheadvertisermeans'sure,safeanddethependableforfemininehygiene' purchaserinterpretsitto meansure,safeanddependable forcontraception.Perhapsonly physiciansknowthatno'feminine safehygiene'productsare'sure tives.anddependable'contracep-

Theresultofsuchadvertisingisthatthousandsof womenareduped.Thereisnot oneproductonthemarketthat is100percent.efficientasa contraceptivemeasure."

"Itisinteresting,"theeditorialalsosays,"thatapublicationlike'Fortune'hasmade availablecompleteinformation astothemannerinwhichcommercialinterestsareexploiting thepublicinthisfield."

500,000ChildreninDecade.

WhatconcernsAustraliapar- ticularlymaybesummedupin

thestatementmadebySirRaphaelCilento,adistinguished medicalauthority,andquoted fromamedicaljournalinthe HouseofRepresentativesbyMr. CyrilChambers,M.H.R.(now MinisterfortheArmy)speaking ontheAddress-in-Replytothe Governor-GeneralatCanberra, onMarch7,1945.Accordingto SirRaphael,aminimumof 26,000,orapossiblemaximumof 45,000childrenareeachyear preventedfromseeingthelight ofday.Thus,addedMr.Chambers,Australiahadlost500.000 childrenintenyears.Hethen wentontosay: "To-claywearepermitting mentodeliverpubliclectures andevenprovideradiofacilities forthem,inthecourseofwhich theytellthepeopleofAustralia howtheycanavoidtheirrespon- sibilitiesinmarriedlife.itis theresponsibilityoftheCommonwealthGovernmenttopreventthemanufactureofanyarticlethatmightbeusedinthe practiceofracesuicide."

DeathofSisterM.Patrick

OnNewYear'sDay,atthe localHospitaloftheSistersof St.JohnofGod,alifeofselfsacrificeandservicetohumanitywasbroughttoaclosebythe deathofSr.M.Patrick,Convent ofMercy,Bunbury.Although thelateSr.M.Patrickhadbeen seriouslyillforsomeweeks,and wasatdeath'sdoormorethan once,thenewsofherpassing camelikeasuddenblow,not onlytothemembersofherown community,bywhomshe is deeplymourned,butbythe manysuccessfulandprominent citizensoftheSouth-Westwho passedthroughhercapable haids.

Therearesomewithwhomit isdifficulttoassociatethepassingofdeathandtheprogressof theyearsinnowaypreparesus fortheirdecease. Thoughthe departedSisterhadreachedthe ageofsixty-five,andhadalmost completedanotheryear,her passingwillstillbeconsidered untimelyandsad,forshehad preservedthatsteadfastearnestnesswhichseemeddestined nevertobedefeatedbytheravagesoftime.

ThelateSr.M.Patrickwasa Limericklady,andarrivedin Australia about forty-eight yearsago.Eversinceshe,has workedmostself-sacrificingly andefficientlyintheserviceof Godandofherneighbourat Bunbury,Bridgetown,Donnybrook,Greenbushes,Dardanup, andSouthBunbury. Shecame ofaverydevoutCatholicfamily,whichhasfurnishedthe Churchwithmanyzealousmembersathomeandabroad.

*Hereldestsister,Sr.M.Cecilia,whopredeceasedherjust twoyearsago,wasamongthat zealousbandofsix,who,in 1897,weresentforthfromthe parenthouseofVictoriaSquare, Perth,toformthenucleusofan independentcommunityofSistersintheSouth-West.Four sisterssurviveher,andthreeof thesehailtheuniqueprivilege ofvisitingherduringherlast illness,andbeingpresentather funeralobsequies.Herother sisterisamemberofthe MercyCommunity,Castletownhere,Cork,Eire. Herworkintheschoolsand theachievementsofherpupils furnishampletestimonyofher abilityasateacher.SheofferednohalfmeasurestoAlmighty God. "Tospendandbespent forsouls,"washercherished ambition. Nosoftnessfound placeinherschemeofthings, andalthoughthoseuponwhom shewascalledtoteachfound thatherstrictregimeexercised theirpowersofendurance,still theyneverfailedtoshowher thatrespectandgratitudewhich herinterestontheirbehalfcommanded.

Whileherworkintheschools iAwellworthyofadmiration,it wasinthevisitationoftheold,

andofthosewhodetouredfrom thedirectpaththatsheexcelled. Shewasnorespecterof persons.Humanrespectnever deterredherfromsayinga wordwhichmightwinasoulfor God,andwhenbyherprayers, hervisits,orherkindlyadmonitions,shesucceededinthis workofhervocation,herjoy wassupreme. Theremainswereremovedto theMercyConventChapel,and onFridaymorningaremarkable congregationfilledtheConvent ChapelwhenaSolemnRequi,m MarswascelebratedbytheRev. FatherFarrelly-preparatoryto thefinalobsequies.Thesingingwasbeautifullyrenderedby theSisters'Choir,ablyassisted bytheRev.FatherPerrot,S.J. AlthoughitwastheFirstFriday,theSouth-Westclergywere wellrepresented,andincluded Rt.Rev.MonsignorHayes(Bunbuy),Rev.FatherO'Grady (Dardanup),Rev.FatherLeech ,4inbury),masterofceremonits;Rev.FatherBoylan(Cunerdin),deacon;Rev.Father (Bunbury),sub-deacon; Rev.FatherDowney(Donnybrook),Rev.FatherPower (Harvey),andRev.FatherKelliher(Bridgetown).

AttheconclusionoftheMass, itt.Rev.MonsignorHayesdeliveredaneloquentandimpressiveaddressonthelife'swork ofSr.M.Patrickasareligious andasateacher.Speakingon behalfoftheclergyandlaity, netenderedtotheSistersof Mercythesinceresympathyof all.Hethengaveanilluminatingoutlineofthereligiouslife ingeneral,makingeulogisticreferencestothenobleworkdone bythedeceasedSisterduring almosthalfacenturyofunswervingdevotiontothecause ofreligion,andunwaveringconfidenceinGod'sHolyService. Whilepayingtributeto-theardentzealofthedepartedSister, hereferredtothelackofvocations,andstressedtheneedof fosteringsuchamongourpre-ent-day

Thefuneralcortegemoved fromtheConventgatesabout teno'clock.Firstcamethe cross-bearerandacolytes,next theclergyinprocession,followedbythehearsewiththebluematatled,white-veiledChildren ,,fMaryoneithersideofit, forminga touchinglysimple guardofhonour.Followingthe hearseweretheSisters,thenthe childrenoftheschools,and,finally,inhushedsilence,along lineoflaymourners. Withthesimpleandhistoric ritualoftheChurch,thelast riteswereperformedbyRt.Rev. MonsignorHayes,inthePicton Cemetery,whereliethemortal remainsofSr.M. Patrick amongherpioneerSisterswho blazedthetrackofreligious educationintheSouth-West. RequiescatinPace.

DeathofVeryRev.Fr.Creagh

VleryRev FaitherJohn Creagh,C.SS.R.,wellknownand highlyesteemedinW.A.for manyyears,diedintheRedemptoristHouse,Wellington. N.Z.,onJanuary24,thisyear.

OnTuesday,February4,aSolemnRequiemMassforhissoul wascelebratedattheRedemptorMonastery,NerthPerth,at 7 o'clock.Thecelebrantofthe MasswasFatherPatBrennan, C.SS.R.,withFatherJohnMcMahon,C.SS.R.,asdeacon,and FatherTomRobinson,C.SS.R., assub-deacon.FatherClement Edwards,C.SS.R.,wasmasterof ceremonies.

ThelateFatherCreaghwas bernintheCityofLimerick, neartheTreatyStone,onAugust19,1870. Asayouthhe enteredtheRedemptoristOrder; hemadehisprofessiononOctober15,1888,andwasordained PriestonSeptember1,1895. AfterordinationhewasappointedProfessorofSacredScriptureintheHouseofStudiesat Teighnmouth.Hewasnextsent tohisnativecityofLimerick, wherehewasgivenchargeof thegreatHolyFamilyConfra`ernity.Totheferventyoung priest,fullofzealforGod's gloryandthesalvationofsouls, theworkwasmostwelcome.

HewaslatergivenanextendedtriptotheOldCountryby hisReligiousSuperiors;hevisitedandconsoledhisbrother, FatherTomCreagh,C.SS.R., whowasslowlydyinginEnglandofaverysevereillnesscontractedontheMissionsinSouth Africa. Hevisitedoncemore hisnativeLimerick,wherehe waswelcomedbybothrelatives andoldfriendswhoneverforgothim.

Buttheyearshadtakentheir toll.Hewasnolongertherobust FatherCreaghofearlierdays. Hencehereturnedtothegenial climateoftheSouthernCross. Hishealthbegantofailin1934, andhewasthentransferredto Wellington,NewZealand.

FatherCreaghdiedinSt.Gerard's,Wellington,N.Z.,onJanuary24,1947,fortifiedwiththe SacramentsoftheHolyCatholic Church,realisingthewordsof thegreatSt.TeresaofJesus, whichhelovedtoeulogiseon MissionsandRetreats:"riank GodIdieasafaithfulchildof theHolyCatholicChurch."

FatherJohnCreagh,like FatherTomO'Farrellandthe lateArchbishopClune,wasan outstandingpreacher;oneof thetraditionalIrishRedemptoristswhowouldneverfinisha sermonwithoutmakingatender appealtoMaryImmaculate,the mostholyMotherofGod. Maytheirapostolicsoulsrest inpeace!Amen.

DEATHOFMRS.P. ANDERSON

AttheHospitalofSt.Johnof God,Subiaco,onJanuary31,occuredthedeathofMrs.P.Anderson,aladywidely-knownand well-respectedintheWickepin district. Deceasedhadbeen ailingoveraconsiderableperiodandhadbornehersufferings withcheerfulnessandfortitude. Shediedfortifiedwiththerites oftheChurch.

BorninRenmark,SouthAustralia,thelateMrs.Anderson cametothisStatein1913.In 1917shemarriedMr.PeterAnderson,whohadtakenupland intheWickepindistrictsome nineyearspreviously.Mrs. AndersonenteredtheChurchon hermarriageandmaintainedan interestinChurchaffairsuntil herdeath.

Thefuneraltookplaceatthe KarrakattaCemeteryonFebruary3,withRev.FatherF. O'Reillyofficiating.

Thedeceasedladyissurvived byherhusband(Mr.PeterAnderson),ason(John),andabrother(Mr.Stafford-Needham,of S.A.).

Sincerestthanksisextended toDr.Cohen,theSistersofSt. JohnofGod,Mr.M.J.Brick andMr.T.Ledwith,ofDundinin, andMr.VincentDawson,of Narrogin,fortheirunfailing kindness.

TheheartandsoulofFather JohnCreaghwentintoevery phaseofthatgreatwork;heis stillrememberedthereasoneof 'themostsuccessfulofthemany Directors.

In1906FatherCreaghwas selectedasoneoftheIrishRedemptoristsforming'thefirst batchofMissionerstothenew foundationinthePhilippineIslands.LateronhewastransferredtoAustraliaandNew Zealand,wherehetookaleadingpartinmanyMissionsthat willneverbeforgotten.In March,1914,FatherCreaghwas appointedRectoroftheMonasteryinNorthPerth,W.A.That sameyearsawthebeginningof whatisnowcalled"WorldWar No.1."Owingtointernational difficulties,andadelicatesitua tion,theHolySeeappointed FatherJohnCreaghastemporaryAdministratorApostolicof theKimberleys,W.A.Father Creaghbravelyfacedhisnew taskwithallitsdifficulties,and fornineyearsfullyrealisedthe trustreposedinhim.

Afterwards,attherequestof thelateArchbishopClune,owing tothescarcityofpriests,Father Creaghactedaslocumtenensof Bunburyduringtheabsenceof theparishpriest.

Amongthosepresentatthe gravesidewere:Messrs.J.Knox, F.McAuliffe,J.C.McDougall. A.Waters,A.McB.McClelland, S.Elliott,C.V.Honner,A.E. Harris.K.Holt,K.Hopkins,T. Ledwith,senr.,M.Kerrigan,D. Gallagher,K.Kelly,C.H.Kay, F.Byrne,M.Clarke,G.A. James(W.A.Farmers'Co-Op., Ltd.),B.Lyons,J.Waters,P.J. Roxby(CelticClub),P. J. Healy,J.J.Ledwith,P.Dawson, S.R.Hill.M.J.Brick,T.P. Ledwith,K.R.Walker;MesdamesP.J.Healey,C.H.Kay, .1.Harris,A.Waters,E.Waters, McMullan;MissesD.McAuliffe, V.Walker.

Floraltributesandmessages ofcondolencewerereceived from: Husband and son; Mrs.Waters and family; Mrs.Hopkinsandson;M.andP. Healy;Aunty,Jack,Ronand Anne(Sydney);Mrs.Walker andfamily;Mr.andMrs.M. Brick;Mr.andMrs.A.Dawson, VinandHazel;Mr.T.Lewith andsons,Kath.andJoe.

Thepall-bearerswere:Messrs. J.Ledwith,T.Ledwith,P. Healy,P.McAuliffe,P.Roxby, K.Walker,M.Brick,S.Hill.

eXewMexicanPresident OpposesExtremism

CordialRelationsWith ChurchOfficials

EncouragingSignsofSocial Reform

OnDecember1,MiguelAleranValdez,whomtheMexican ChamberofDeputiesformally declaredthedulyelectedconstitutionalPresidentofMexico, tooktheoathofofficeandbegan toserveasix-yeartermending November30,1952.

Alemanreachedtheofficeof Mexico'schiefexecutiveasthe resultofelectionsheldonJuly 7. Accordingtotheofficial countofballots,hereceived 1,786,901votes.TheothercandidatesfortheofficeofPresidentwerelistedasfollows:Padilla,443,357;Castro,29,337; Calderon,33,952;non-registered candidates,1,181votes. inpassingfinaljudgmenton theelections,theChamberof Deputiesdismissedaswithout foundationthecontentionsof Padillathathewasfraudulentlydeprivedofthemajorityof thevotes.Hiscasehadalreadybeensmotheredinanallegedattemptuponthelifeof AlemaninAugustbypersons whowereaccusedofhaving beenalignedwiththePadilla faction.

MiddleoftheRoad.

ShortlybeforetheChamber ofDeputiesmadeitsofficial pronouncementonAleman'selec tion,heexplainedhisviewson anumberofmattersinaninterviewfortheMexicandaily,"Excelsior."Followingthe"middleoftheroad"policypursued byhispredecessor,President ManuelAvilaCamacho,hedeclared:"Iwillnottolerateextremismofanyclass.Theonly principlewhichIwilladvance inthecountrywillbethatof Mexicanpatriotism."Replying totheimputationthatCommunistsupportduringtheelections wasanindicationofhisown politicaldirections,hestated:"I amnotaCommunist. Ihave absolutelynoobligationstowardsanythingthatisnotof Mexico."

Onthesubjectofreligion,he saidthefollowing:"Manhasa righttohisbeliefs,andothers, includingtheState,havetheobligationofrespectingthosebeliefs.Theremustberespect forall,nomatterwhatreligion theyprofess,solongastheir

VICTORIAHOTEL

HAYSTREET,SUBIACO.

RenovatedThroughout. EssenceofComfort.

W.F.ART1S,Proprietor. (LateofBalmoralHotel,Vic.Park)

formsofworshipconformwith thenormsprescribedbythe Constitution."Thisstatement maybeconsideredambiguous, inasmuchasCatholicscannotregardtheConstitutionofMexicoasgualrantiereingthebasic rightsofreligiousfreedomand education.Nevertheless,itindicatesaspiritofbroadtoleranceandofahumaneinterpretation,whichwillpermitthe Churchatleasttheelementsof freedomwhichhaveenabledit tofunctionopenlyandtoflourishundertheregimeofAvila Camacho.Itisunderstoodthat therelationsofAlemanwiththe officialsoftheChurcharecordial;andhispastrecordis freeofthoseactsoffanaticism thatdisfiguredthepoliticaleras ofCallesandCardenas.

EncouragingSign. Considerablereassurancehas alsobeengiveninhispromise thattechnicians,expertsintheir respectivefields,willconstitute theCabinetofthenextgovernment.Cognisancehasbeen takenofthebadsituation createdbymonopoliesinhigh places,oftheblackmarket,and widespreadillicitspeculation, %hairhaveresultedinadisastrousinflationandwidespread miserythroughoutthecountry. Itremainstobeseenwhether hewillbeabletocarryouthis promisetopunishthose"who frompublicpositionsviolate principlesofhonouranddecency."ThefactthatthePresidenthasrecognisedtheexistenceofcorruption,may,however,beregardedasanencouragingsign.

RelativetotheeconomicproblemsofMexico,Alemanbelievesthatthecountrypossesses sufficientagriculturalresources toprovideforitsneeds.At thesametime,hegiveswholesomerecognitiontothefact thatcertainreformsareurgentlyrequired."Agrarianlegislation,"hestated,"withrevision inthebanksofruralcredit,will permittheRepublictoprovide forallitscitizensinaperiodof notmorethan30monthsafter thisDecember."Thefactthat thechoiceoftheRevolutionary Party,whichnowdesignatesitselfastheRevolutionaryInstitutionalParty(P.R.I.),can comeoutsoboldlyastoadmit anddenouncethecorruptionand greedofthecurrentscenemay beregardedasevidencethatthe voiceofthepoliticalminorities andofmillionsofMexicanswho havebeentossedaboutbythe revolutionisbeginningtobe heard.

N.LOVELOCK

BASSENDEANBAKERY BakerandPastrycook,etc.

TEL.UL128. WESTROAD,BASSEDNEAN

STATESAWMILLS ANDBRICKWORKS

HEADOFFICE:306MURRAYST.,PERTH. 'Phones:B9171-6.

PLANINGMILLANDJOINER'SSHOP: MILLERSTREET,VICTORIAPARK.'PhoneM1145.

CONSULTUSBEFOREYOUBUILDYOURHOME

USEKARRIFORROOFINGTIMBERS

StocksofPressedBricksAlwaysAvailable.

Forthefirsttime,theChamberofDeputiescontainsa smallbutvocaloppositiongroup inthefourmembersoftheAccionNacionalParty.There canbenodoubtthatfraudof themostopencharacterdeprivedanumberofthecandidates ofthispartyfromtheseatsto whichtheywereelected.Underexistinglaw,theChamber ofDeputiesconstitutesthe boardpfjudgmentuponcontestedelections.Forthisreason,themembersofanoppositionpartyareunderasevere handicapofgainingtheirpoint, exceptthroughsufferanceofthe officialparty.Nevertheless,the AccionNacional,withagroup ofbrilliantminds,hasalready madeaseriousimpressioninthe NationalChamberandwillcontinuetoworkformuch-needed reformsintheagrarianlaws andofArticle3oftheConstitutiontograntlegalguarantees toprivateandreligiouseducation.

Forthefirsttimealso,that branchoftheSinarchistUnion whichbrokewithitsnon-politicalelementsandlauncheda partyofitsown,knownasFuerzaPopular(PopularForce), presentedanumberofcandidates,someincollaboration withAccionNacional,andsucceededinhurdlingallbarriersto placeoneofitsmembersinthe ChamberofDeputies.Itistoo earlyyettopredictwhatforce politicalSinarchismwillplayin thedestiniesofthenation.This movementrepresentstherural masses,asyetunpreparedfor fulldresspoliticalactionand withaleadershipwhichhasyet todemonstrateitsmettle.

CapableLeaders.

AccionNationale,whichAmericanjournalistssometimesreferredtoastheCatholicParty, althoughitembracesmenofdiversepersonalbeliefs,isdrawn fromthehighestranksofcommercial,professional,andliteraryMexicans,andatpresent consistsofcapableleaders ratherthanofavastmembership.

WithrespecttoAleman'spersonalqualifications,itmaybe fairlystatedthatheshinesasa practicalpoliticianratherthan asanintellectual.AsGovernoroftheStateofVeraCruz,as managerofthepresidential campaignofAvilaCamacho,and laterasSecretaryoftheInterior(Gobernacion)intheCabinetofthelatter,hedemonstratedashrewdabilitytohandle men,withoutleavinganyoutstandingrecordofachievement thatwouldentitlehimtoimmortality.Stillinhisearly forties,hehasachievedconsiderablewealth,incommonwith hisrevolutionarycolleagues.On theotherhand,hegivesevidenceofanexpandingcomprehensionofthesocialandeconomicproblemsofhiscountry whichmayleadtobetterthings. Ofconsiderablenoteisthefact thatheisnotasoldier.

PopularSupport.

Thereisacommonbeliefin MexicothatAlemanisdesirous ofmovingfromtheextreme leftistpositionofCardenasand othersofthisgroupandoftakingapositionsomewhatcloser tothecentre,inthelineofCamacho.Inthis,heappearsto havethepopularsupportof Mexicanswhoaretiredofthe glowingpromisesandslogansof regimeswhichhaveenrichedweanedrevolutionaries,disrupted asteadynationaleconomy,and needlesslywoundedthereligious sensibilitiesofmillionsofMexicans.

Ifthisimpressionistrue,and thenascentoppositionparties aregivenafairchancetoexpressthemselvesandmake theircontributiontotheshaping oflawsandofpublicopinion, Alemanmaybeabletodemonstratethatheismorethana manofpoliticalspeechesand promisesandmaygivethecountrythehonestandconstructive administrationitisdesperately cryingfor.-Rev.JamesMagner,in"CatholicNews,"New York.

ChurchNotOpposed toNationalisation asSuch JesuitWarnsAgainst ExcessiveMeasures

Statingthatthe('hurchisnot"inprinciple"opposedtonationalisationassuch,butonlytoitsexcesses,andthat,insome cases,nationalisationis"notonlylawfulbutopportune,"the Vaticanpaper,"OsservatoreRomano,"quotesandmakesits ownthe"corectobservations"madeinthe"CiviltaCattolica." The"Osservatore's"statementaimsatclarifyingCatholic teachingonthenationalisationofenterprisesandcorrecting misinterpretationsofthePope'slettertoProfessorFlory,pre- sidentoftheFrenchSocialWeek,recentlyheldatStrasbourg. The"Osservatore,"atthesametime,repeatsthePope'swarningagainstabusesofnationalisationwhichmayleadtooppressionbytheState.

Withtheaimofclarifying CatholicteachingonthenationalisationofenterprisesandcorrecagcertainmisinterpretationsofaPapalLetteronthat subject,"OsservatoreRomano" hasreprintedan"authoritative article"whichaffirmsthatthe Churchisnot,"onprinciple"opposedtonationalisationassuch, butonlytoitsexcesses,and that,insomecases,nationalisationis"notonlylawfulbutopportune."

Thearticlecitedby"Osservatore"appearedoriginallyin themagazine,"CiviltaCattolica."Itsauthor,Rev.Father DeMarco,S.J.,basedhiscommentsonaletterwrittenby HisHolinessPopePiusXII. lastJuly10toProfessorCharlesFlory,presidentofthe FrenchSocialWeeks,shortly beforeitssessioninStrasbourg.

ThisPapalLetter,"Osservatore"writes,"hasprovoked,especiallyinFrance,livelyand differingcomments."Thesecomments"easilyrevealtheplayof partiesandcertainpolitical speculationswhich,misrepresentingthePope'steachings,accusethePontiff,amongother things,ofcondemning'sicet impliciter'thenationalisationof enterprises.

"CorrectObservations." "We,therefore,deemitproper,""Osservatore"continued, "toquote,thusmakingthem ourown,thecorrectobservationsmadeonthatsubjectby Rev.FatherDeMarco,S.J.,in anauthoritativearticlein"CiviltaCattolica"ofSeptember7. FatherDeMarcointroduces hisargumentsbypointingout thatinsomeEuropeancountries, "whichhadremainedbehindon theroadtowardnationaleconomicreforms,"theproblemof nationalisationwelldeservedto betackled.Hewarns,however, thattheveryurgencyofthe needforreformstemptlegislatorstofavourextrememeasurestendingtowardscreating "thattotalitarianStatecapitalismwhichalwaysrepresentsan activemenacetothesurvivalof ademocraticregime."

WarningAgainstExcessive Measures.

Hethenmakesthefollowing points:

(1)"TheChurchisnot,on principle,opposedtosuchmeaureswhichhavealreadybeen introduced,toaconsiderableextent,inItalyandelsewhere... However shecannotignore thatexcessivenationalisation, withtheeconomicpowerwhich Itplacesinthehandsofthe State,doesnotsolvethecomplexsocialproblem.Excessive nationalisationratherdisplaces, andlikeanyotherexcess,aggravatestheproblemby strengtheningaweaponthat canbeusedforoppressionand shiftingsuchaweaponfrom thehandsofprivatecapitalists tothehandsofthosewhohold thefateofthecountry.

NeedofJuridicalOrder.

(2)"Itisnotmerelyaquestionofguaranteeingajustdistributionofproducedwealth, byeliminatingprivateownershipfromtheproductivepro-

ceasesandtransferringtheprofitstothecollectivity,representedbytheState,itisalsoa questionofestablishingtheconditionsofajuridicalorderin whichhumandignitycanbe efficientlyprotected fromany oppression,eitherpoliticalor economic,fromwhateversideit maycome:fromtheStateno lessthanfromtheprivatecapitalist.

WhereLicitandOpportune.

(3)"Inaccordancewiththe socialteachingoftheChurch,it iewelltoemphasisethatnationalisationofenterprisesis,in specialcases,notonlylicitbut alsoopportune."Thearticle thenquotesfromadiscourseof theHolyFatheronMarch11, 1945,inwhichthePopedeclaredthatnationalisationislicit andopportune"onlyinsuch caseswhereitappearstobe trulyrequiredbythecommon good,thatis,asameansofeffectivelyremedyinganabuseor thesquanderingofacountry's productiveforces,andofdirectingtheseforcestothedevelopmentofthematerialprosperity ofall-aprosperitywhichalso providesasolidfoundationfor theculturalandreligiouslife."

NotOnlyMeans.

(4)AccordingtoCatholic teaching,"nationalisationrepresentsoneofthemeans-but neithertheonlynorthefirst means-whichtheStatehasat itsdisposaltoraisetheproductivepropertytoitssocialfunctionandtotheserviceofthe commongood.Nationalisation shallbesoughtifandwhen otherlessradicalandlessviolentmeanshaveproved,byexperience,insufficienttoensure theeffectivesubordinationof privatepropertytonationalinterestsandtotheneedsofajust distributionofproducts."

ToPreventExploitation.

(5)"Itis,therefore,generallyadvantageousthattheState, inadditiontoothereconomic measures,nationalisesomeof theenterprises,especiallythose which,owingtotheirmonopolisticcharacter,presentameans ofexploitationinthehandsof privatecapitalists,or,atany rate,directtheentireproductivemechanismalongacourse contrarytothecommongood." Suchenterprisescouldbelarge banks,transportation,warindustries,certainchemicalindustries.

TheStatemayalsohave causetonationaliseotherenterprisesinadditiontothosementioned,inordertohaveaneffectiveinfluenceonthemarketand createconditionsunderwhich competitioncouldbeimproved andproductiveenergiesdirected towardsgreaterproductionin accordancewiththegeneralinterestofthenationalcommunity,FatherDeMarcostates.

S.BEECROFT,Butcher

181RokebyRoad,Subiaco.

OnlyPrimeFreshKilledMoatSold Ma*W1375.

By FrancisGilbert SADISTAND SYMPATHISER

Whatevermaybethoughtof thejuridicalprinciplesinvolved intheNurembergtrials,thereis atleastenoughsubstanceinthe procedureagainstthe22Nazi doctorstosatisfythemostexactingpositivist.Thesemedicinemenarechargedwithperformingsadisticexperimentsin concentrationcamps.Accordingtoacabledmessagefrom Berlinonthe6th.inst.,Dr.Karl Brandt,Hitler'spersonalphysician,toldtheNurembergcourt thathebelieved"thelifeofan insanepersonisnotinkeeping withhumandignity."Brandt isalsoaccusedofsupervising Hitler'seuthanasiaprogramme, andclainpdthatthecostof maintainingasylumwas£17,500,000sterling-"thecostofa battleshipandagreatpricefor theStatetobear."

Insuchatrialmanyimportantissuesareatstake.For onethingthemoralenormityof thecrimeswithwhichthedoctorsarechargedseemstofind recognitionintheuniversalconscienceofmankindinamore certainmannerthandidtheacts oftheNaziwarleaders(particularlytheHighCommand). Andinsofarasthisistrue,it dealsafatalblowtothedoctrine oftolerancewhichisthemainstayoftheintellectualoutlook ofoursecularUniversities.For ifanykindofviewonlifeisto betolerated,whocangainsay itspracticalapplication?If amanisprofessedlyanarchistic,whatreasonhavetheLiberalstobeshockedifhehurls ajudiciousbomb?Therewas atest-caseofthiskindrecently wherecertainscientistsand others,ofavowedCommunistic orPinkphilosophy,actuallysold top-secretatomicinformationto aforeignPower.Therewere protestsagainsttheirbeingpunished(inthenameofthe"freedomofscience"),buttheprotestantswereinahopelessminority.Insofarasthenewspapersreflectpublicopinion,it

canbesaidthatonceagain popularmoralityappearedtobe essentiallysound.

Thelogicoftheseeventsmust ev(ntuallyleadtoanacknowledgmentoftherealityofsinsof thought-asubjectwhichisnevertalkedaboutinsecularcirclesbecauseitisneverthought about.ButthatistherealissuefacingtheLiberals.Ifa manmaythinkasheplease,he musteventuallybefreetodoas heplease,elseheisindangerof ecomingaschizoidpersonality. Forthoughtisthesourceand mainspringofaction.Andthat iswhattheintellectualsoverlookwhentheytoywithMarxism.foroneofitsfirstpracticaleffectswillbetodestroy theverykindofliberalism whichmadeitsexistenceand erowthpossible.Liberalismis asnakeswallowingitsowntail.

Initsexternalworkingsinthe socialsphereLiberalismhassucceededindivorcingreligion fromlife.Butwhilethisprocessmaybetemporarilysustainedinasocialconditionofprofoundinstability,itcannotlong hemaintainedinthelifeofthe individualifheistoremain sane.Amanwilldowhathe thinks,giventheopportunity.

Thusitisthat,inthefaceof thelatestNurembergtrials,the 1iheralsareinthedevil'sown dilemina.Foritisfromthe ranksoftheirphilosophersthat ourmoderneuthanasiastshave emerged.AndIsaywithout hesitationthattheGermandoctorsnowontrialaretobepreferredabouttheeuthanasiasts. Forthelatteraresheerdefeatists.Sympathyhasaddled theirbrainstosuchanextent thattheywouldestablisha markingoftimeregardingmedicalresearch.Becauseadisease cannotatthismomentbecured, ifistobedeemedincurableand thepatientistobeconsignedto thegaschamber.ButtheNazi wouldusethepatientasa t"uinea-piginresearchinthe hopeoffindingacureforothers (orforAryans,anyway).Both typesareloathsome,forboth proposemurder,buttheeuthanasiastisthelowertype.forhe

iswithoutareason.Thetwo typesare,moreover,symptomaticoftheGospelmoralof how,theblindleadingtheblind, bothfallintoapit.Onefrom amaudlinmercyandonefroma scientificsadism-buttheyboth endupwithhandsstainedwith innocentblood.

ButthepresentNuremberg businesshasapracticalangleto icapartfromprovidingfoodfor reflection.IfwhattheNazi doctorshavedoneisacrimerevoltingtheconscienceofmankind,whatarewepreparedto dowithEnglish-speakingscientistswhohaveproposedthe verysamething?Certainly theyoughttobetriedandpuniAed,butperhapsmorelightly becausetheircowardiceorlack ofopportunitypreventsthematerialisationoftheirdesires.And iipeoplearereallyshockedbecausetheinsaneandtheincurablearemutilatedandgassed, whyaretheynotappalledbythe slaughterofsomanyofour 'ownbabiesbyabortion?

Isitlesswickedtokillanold personthananunbornbaby.or istheonelessapersonthanthe other?Ifwerefusetobeconsistentinthesematters,the Germanpeoplemayjustlyregardsuchtrialsassheerexhibitionsofvindictivenessbased onvictoryratherthanjustice proceedingfromlaw.Ifthis bethecase,aterribleheritage ofhatredandfuturewaris beingprepared,andweshall hearinourownlifetimethe dreadfulbarbarianbattlecry: "Woetothevanquished!"

Oncetheattemptismadeto abstractfrommoralprinciples, menareleftwithsuchinadequatemotivesasnationalinterest,economicwelfare,etc.,and thegatesareopentoanykind ofexcess.TheGermandoctor,KarlBrandt,isperhapssincereaccordingtohislights,but thelightthatisinhimisdarkness.Fromhisfateourown materialistsmaywelltakeheed, beforetheyplungethemselves andusintolikeruin.

-oOo-

DIVORCEMUDDLE

AcommitteeinGreatBritain whichhasbeenstudyingreforms indivorceprocedurehashadits fiealreportissuedasaWhite Paper.Amongitsrecommendationsare:

atlast(inthewordsofChesterton)thattheycannotpullthe pontificalmitreofftheheadof Manwithoutpullinghisheadoff withit.Asanemanwil!remainasecularistnolonger thanhewillremainaChristian Scientist,forboththeoriesof lifeexaggerateoneelementof hisnaturetothedistortioncf thewhole.Thesecularistwill banthespiritualutterlyfrom lifeasifManhadasoul,but Mendidn't.TheChristianScientisttriestopretendhehasn't abody,althoughheisconstantlybanginghisheadintoallkind offactual,materialdifficulties.

Inaword,theefforttomake marriageamerematte'ofbiologicalnecessitymaderespectablebyaformofcivilcontract, whichmayforsufficientreason (ever-increasing)bedissolved, hasbrokendownandpoliticians areatlastforcedtoconsidera remedy.

Theidealthingtodoandperhapsthesimplestinthelong run,istoprohibitdivorcecompletely.Therearecountriesin theworld(notablyEire)when suchaconditionprevailsand .thegrimresultspredictedby thedivorceprotagonistshavenot emerged.ThetendencyinAustraliaisunhappilyinacontrary direction.Acting-JusticeRainbowstatedinSydneyrecently thathebelievedtheworld-wide spateofdivorceswasalarming allserious-mindedcitizens. Manypeoplewentthrougha formofmarriageandpaidlipservicetotheundertakingwith norealisationoftheresponsibilitiesortherealitiesofmarriage. "Theymighthavebeenlessimmoral,"heconcluded,"ifthey hadassociatedwithoutmariage."

SincethetrendinAustralia istowardswideningthegrounds fordivorce,and is thenumberofdivorcessincreasingby leapsandbounds,wemustdo whatwecanwithexistingconditions.Certainlythereisroom forcbnciliationgroupswhich mightbeabletohelppeoplebeforemarriageandtoadjustdifferencesafterwards.Forthe centraldifficultyseemstobe thattoomanypeopleentermarriagelightlyinthecertainknowledgethattheycan,almostas lightly,dispensewithit.

Theproposaltorevisethe formofmarriageinregistry officessoastobringhomethe deepsignificanceofmarriageto thecontractingparties,follows alongthelinesofthereforms suggestedlastyearbytheAnglicanArchbishopofCanterburyintheHouseofLords.It isclearlydesirabletomakethis change,buttherewillstillexist theparadoxoftheinsistenceon permanencyontheonehand andtheexistenceofthedivorce courtsontheother.Thesecularistsstillthinkitispossible tohaveyourcakeandtoeatit.

Anotherkindofactionwhich mightnoalongwaytowardsre storingmarriagetoitsproper dignitywouldbeastrongerattitudeonthepartoftheProtestantchurchestowardsdivorce, andespeciallytowardstheremarriageofdivorcedpersons. Forinthismatteritiscertain beyondquibblewhattheteachingofChristis.AndItisone matterinwhichtheuncompro misingstandoftheCatholic Churchmarksitoutclearly amongtheothersectsasthe witnesstoandtheguardianof theChristianrevelation.

whichhavebeenspreadthroughouttheworldlargelybyHollywood.Probablythisnotionhas beenamoredangerousenemyto thestabilityofthehomeand thesanctityofmarriagethan manyoftheunnaturalpractices whicharemorefrequentlycondemnedbutwhicharelargelya symptomratherthanthecause sfthedisease.

Thecrythatwomenshould haveequalopportunitiesforemploymentwithmenhasalsobeen atthebasisofthelossofstatus ofwomenoverthelastfifty years.Itdoesnotmatterhow harrassedthehousewifemaybe bythemultitudeofherlabours orbythecareofchildren.There ismuchtoinspireidealismin thesightofanymothersurroundedbyherchildren.There islittletoinspirethesame idealisminthegirlworkingat thesamefactorybenchperformingthesamemonotonousand largelyunintelligentworkwhich isundertakenbythemaninthe samefactory..

LegionofMore

BankofN.S.W.Chambers, 65St.George'sTerrace (FormerlyC.G.M.Headquarters).

EXPOSITION:

ExpositionoftheBlessedSacramentisheldeveryThursdayinthe LegionofMaryChapel,atthe aboveaddress.AcordialinvitationisextendedtoallLegionaries, ActiveandAuxiliary,andtothe Catholicpeopleingeneral,topay avisitduringtheday.Exposition commencesafter8a.m.Mass,and concludeswithBenedictionat5.20 p.m.

ROSARY.

TheRosaryisrecitedpublicly eachdayintheChapelat12.40and againat1,30p.m.Makeaprat. riceofvisitingtheChapelforthe recitationofyourdailyRosary,

LUNCHEONROOMS.

TheLuncheonRoomsareopen eachdaybetween12noonand2 m. Acupofteaisobtainable atasmallchargeof2d.Thiseel, ireisavailabletoall,andbusiness :irisareespeciallyinvitedtosvend theirlunchhourinthehappy en cironmentoftherooms.

CONSULT

LAUBMAN

6PANK (W.A.)LIMITED

77BARRACKSTREET-PERTH

PHONEB3511

WeincorporatewithustheOpticalPracticesofOPTICALSUPPLIES(W.A.),LTD., OPTICALPRESCRIPTIONS(W.A.)LTD., FOY&GIBSON'SOPTICALDEPARTMENT, M.P.RYAN,Optometrist(lateOrientBuildings), AndHOLLYWOODMILITARYHOSPITAL.

1.Theestablishmentofamarriagewelfareservicesponsored bytheState,butnotaStateinstitution,toaffordhelpand guidancebothinpreparationfor marriageandindifficultiesafter marriage.

2.Theappointmentofcourt welfareofficerstogiveadvice andguidancetothoseresorting todivorce,particularlywitha viewtoreconciliation.

3.Theformofmarriagein registryofficesshouldberevised soastoemphasisethesolemnityoftheoccasion,andclearly expressthefundamentalprinciplesofmarriage.

4.Courtwelfareofficersshould representtheinterestsofchildrenaffectedbydivorce.

Thisreportisanothersaireflectiononourtimes,andanotherpointertothebankruptcy ofsecularism.Theyhavefound

POWEROFWOMEN

InoticethatDr.LynnWhite, presidentoftheCalifornianWomen'sCollege,hasuttereda grimwarningtothefairersex, statingthatinhisopinion womenare,losingtheir"power" overmen.Hesaidthatasa resultofthe"expensiveness'of Americanwomen"women'sbargainingpower,whichmeansin thelongrunherselfrespectand hersocialstatus,islessthanit usedtobe."

Heblamedtheconceptofromanticloveforthislossof status.Hepointedoutthat throughfalsenotionsofromancemanywomenhadentered inherentlyunstablemarriages.

ItisrefreshingtoseesomeoneoutsidetheChurchdebunkingthefalsenotionsofromance

AMoralJudgmentUpontheNurembergTrials

WereTheyanInstrumentofVengeanceUsedin aUnilateralInterest?

FailuretoRecogniseAbsoluteMoralStandards

EminentTheologianAppliesCatholic JuridicalPrinciples

Sincewritteninternationallawisnotyetclearoncertainpoints ofcrimeandpunishment,onwhatgroundsaretheNuremberg verdictsvalid?Rev.GustavGundlach.ProfessorofSociology attheGregorianUniversity,examinesthetrialsfromthestandpointofexternalmorallaw.

I.LimitsofDiscussion.

Itisnoteasytoformamoral judgmentontheNuremberg trial;andthisfortworeasons.

Inthefirstplace,wehaveto delimitsharplytheverycomplex subjectofdiscussion.Then. wehavetomakeanhonestattempttofreeourselvesfromall purelysubjectiveimpressions withregardtoNurembergsuch ascaneasilycomefrompast ofpresentexperiencesoranxietyaboutthefuture.

Ifquiteanumberofpeople havecalledthetrialsimply "political,"andletitgoatthat, suchpersonsarecertainlyinerror.Butthereisnodenying thatthetrialhadalsoapolitical character,andwasaffectedby thepersonalitiesofthejudges andthedefendantsandbythe verynatureoftheindictments.

Nuremberghadalsoaneducationalaspect;thatistosay, astrengtheningofthewillto peaceandofthehorrorofwar iapeoplesandtheirgovernments.Buttorepudiatethe trialmerelyonthegroundthat itseducationaleffectisdoubtful,andmayverypossiblybe quitetheoppositetothatintended,wouldbetocommittheerrorofmakingtheeducational sideofthetrialtheheartofthe affair.Thesubstanceofthe matterliesratherinthefact thattheNurembergtrialwas firstandlastapunitivetrial and,asclearlyappearsfromthe gtoundsonwhichitsverdicts werebased,hailnoideaofbeing anythingelse.TheCourtwas concernedwiththedeterminationandpunishmentofcrimes. This,andthisalone,isthecore ofthetrial;thisiswhatweare tosubjecttomoralscrutiny.

Difficultasitistolayone's fingerontheessenceoftheNurembergtrial,itisstillmoredifficulttoensurethatajudgment passeduponitwillbefreefrom thepurelysubjectiveinfluences whichhavejustbeenmentioned. Nobodycantreatthefactsof life-andcertainlynotanevent likethatatNuremberg-inthe samedispassionatefashionthat hewouldamathematicalproposition.LongagoAristotle warnedusagainsttheinfluence ofthepassionsuponourmoral judgments.Sympathiesand otipathies,especiallyofanationalandpoliticalcharacter, springsuddenlytolife.Nuremberg,moreover,isprobably aneventuniqueinhistory.Only withdifficultycanonefindabasis forcomparisonofthiswith othercourts.Thisemphasised acertainobscurityorclouding whichcametopervadethegeneralspiritualatmosphereofthe Courtduringthelongperiodof thepreliminaryinvestigation andtheconductofthetrialitself.Notthatthislongperiod wasuseless;astheconcluding documentsofthetrialshow,it contributedtothefundamental clarificationofmanifoldcomplexities,butitalsobrought withitthisobscuringoftheatmosphere.

Duringthesamelongperiod oftime-practicallysincethe momentofunconditionalsurrender-somany frightful thingsandindisputablecrimes werecommittedbyindividuals andbytheStateagainstthe GermanpeopleandGermanfainiliiesthatintheeyesofno smallnumberofcontemporaries, Germanandnon-German,the NurembergCourtrunsadanger ofbeinglookeduponsimplyas aninstrumentofvengeance,of iuternationallawemployedina merelyunilateralinterest.It isatestofthespiritoftheNurembergCourttoshowthat,just astheleadersofNazismwere unabletoexploittherealorpresumableabsenceofpositiveinternationaljuridicalnormsin ordertoobtainimmunityfrom punishmentforpersonaland statecrimes,so"theothers" wereandarenotabletointerprettheunconditionalsurrender oftheGermanpeopleasthe

HITLER -washiswarofaggressiona crimeaccordingtojuridicalpositivism?

whichassuchcanonlybethe orderofGodHimself?And,as acorollary,ispunishmentsimplytheeffectiverestitutionof thatorder,itsreconstruction, carriedoutbythosewho,along withthecriminals,arehoundby thesameorder,andareconscious,themselves,ofsin?

IfalltheNurembergjudges didnotacceptthefirstpointof view,atleasttheSovietRussian

whoseelimination-inextreme cases,tobesure-wasjustified intheinterestsofthecommunity.atleastunderwarcircumstances.Insuchexecutions, thereisnoquestionof"guilt;" thepersoniscondemnedasasocialliability.Frickcouldlogicallybasehisactiononthetheoryofcriminalityheldbythe Court.Thushiscrimecould onlyconsistinanoffenceagainstpositivenormsofinternational law,butthesedonotexist.

Itisevidentlyimpossibleto reconcileamoralestimateofthe trialwiththattheory.Itis philosophicallyuntenable,and makesallkindsofunnecessary andfundamentaldifficultiesfor theprocedureatNuremberg. Theonlytenabletheoryofjuridicalcriminalitythatisapplicableisthesecondone.This lettertheoryenablesustomake aprecisedeterminationofcrimiralactions,ascriminalfrom theirverynature,withoutthe necessityofresortingimmediatelytothe"interestsofsociety."Acrimeisessentiallya contradictionoftheabsolute, eternalorderofbeing.Itis forthisreasonacontradiction ofbeingand,bythesametoken. acontradictionofmoralandjuridicalnorms.Itevidentlyfollowsthatwithoutreferenceto thatabsoluteorderanditsauthority-whichcanheconceived ofonlyashavingitssourcein God-theprocedureofaninter-

SincewrittenInternationalLawisnotyet clearoncertainpointsofcrimeandpunishment,onwhatgroundsweretheNuremberg verdictsvalid?

creationofaconditionwherein internationallawdoesnotrun, orasaninternationalJrIanket authorisationforcrimes.Pope

PinsXII.pointedthisoninhis ChristmasAddressof'945.Pnt howeverthatisandmaybe,the moraljudgmentoftheNurembergtrialisinitsessenceindependentoftheseconsiderations.

Anyonewhojudgesitmust thereforepenetratetheobscuringcloudsandfocushisattentionstrictlyuponthisquestion: whetherinthiscaseculpable crimeshavebeenprovedand whethertheywererightlypunished.

II.TheExistenceofCriminal Actions.

TheNurembergCourtused commendableindustryinseekingforcertainproofofcriminal actsandomissions.Andrightlyso;forotherwiseallpossibilityofestablishinggroundsfor punishmentwouldbelacking. Butbeyondthiswehavenoindicationastowhatwasthe basisofthetheoryofcriminal jurisprudencewhichwasfollowed.TheCourthad,tobesure, nocompellingreasonforgoing intothis;butinmakingamoral estimateofthetrialitcannot bepassedover.

What,then,werecrimeand punishmentfortheNuremberg Court?Iscrimeinitstrueessenceanactoromissioninjurioustotheinterestsofhuman society?Is,therefore,punishmentessentiallyanactofdefencebysocietyagainstsuchinjuriesandthosewhocommit them?Oriscrimefundamentallyanoffenceagainsttheabsoluteorderofhumansociety,

memberofthetribunal,onthe groundofBolshevikorthodoxy, wasobligedtosubscribetoit, regardingasthehighestdecisive criterionthe"interestsofsociety,"thevitalinterestsofthe proletariatasasocialcollectivity.(Butcanaggressivewar whichaproletarianstatewages becauseofproletarianvitalintereltsbestigmatisedasa crime?)If,then,thetribunal feltthatitshouldunanimously condemnHitler'swarofaggressionasacrime,ontheideathat everyaggressivewarissuch, thebasisforsuchajudgmentgrantedthefirsttheoryofjuridicalcriminality-doesnotliein thenatureofthingsbutonlyin thepositivedeterminationofinternationallaw.Thisbrings usupagainstaweaknessofthe Nurembergprocedure,because theCourtinthisrespectwas abletoappealonlytothe Briand-KelloggPact;andinthe generalopinionofjuriststhe contractingnationsinsuchinternationalagreementsregarded themselvesnotasabsolutely boundbutonlyincertainextraordinarycircumstances.

Evenif,however,allthejudges hadunderstoodthehighestcriterion,"theinterestsofsociety," notaccordingtoMarxianideology,butstillinanentirelypossible,soundandobjectivesense, eventhenthesameweakness wouldappear.When,forinstance,theCourtcondemnedthe defendantFrickasacriminal becauseofhiskillinginsaneand defectivepeople,hecouldappealtothefactthathehaddone thisonlyasanactofsocialdefenceagainstinjuriouspersons

nationalcriminaltribunalhas nosufficientfoundation. Itistime.forthejuridical consciousnessofourepochtoliberateitselfonceandforallfrom thesecularisationofpubliclife, fromsubjectivismandrelativism.Thisistheonlywayin whichauniform,trulyconvincingsensecanbegiventothe wordsoftheNurembergjudges, totheirphraseologyofcrime, guiltandpunishment;theonly wayofovercomingthetemptationofscepticismtowhichvast numbersofhumanbeingsareexposed,whoto-dayfindthemselvesdeprivedofprotectionor compensationonthepartofinternationallaw.Ifthiswere understood,Nurembergwouldhe afortunatesteptowardthejuridicalunityofmankind.Ifitis notthusunderstood,theneven theunitywhichwasmanifested at.Nurembergis,inthelast analysis,merelysomethingforceduponusbyacommonenemy, aunityexternalandperishable. Whateverthetheory,however, thatwasusedbytheCourtinits determinationofcrime,amoral judgmentwouldariveatthe Fameverdictonthejuridical basisjustexplained.Owingto limitedspace.wecantouchupon onlyafewpointsintheindictment.

cedesonicoftheirideasand wereeventograntthatHitler wasusingmilitarypoweronly inordertoobtainsatisfaction fromothercountriesforGermany'sunsatisfiedjuridical claims.Foramoreprecise confirmationofthis,inthelight ofCatholicmoralteaching,one mightconsult,forinstance,"The DoctrineoftheJustWar,from St.AugustinetoModernTimes, accordingtoCatholicTheologiansandCanonists,"bythe Dutchprofessorofpoliticaljurisprudence,whoperishedasa prisoneratDachau,FatherRobertRegout,S.J.

2.AccordingtotheCourt,the incriminatingactions were "crimesagainstpeace."Thisis completelyinconsonancewith theteachingofmoraltheology thanan"unjustwar"isnotonly aninjusticeagainstthenation thatisassailed,butalsoagainst humansocietyasawhole.For theobligationandtherightof asinglestatetorealiseitsindividualcommongoodareintegrallyandinseparablyboundup withtheobligationtosafeguard theprosperityandsecurityofall mankindaccordingtothestandardoftheobjectiveorderof humangood.

3.The(feedscharacterisedby theCourtas"warcrimes"and "crimesagainsthumanity."are likewisetobejudgedfromthe moralstandpointtobeimmoral orunjustactionsoromissions. eventhoughwearenotinapositiontodeclarethemsuchin eachindividualinstance.Inessence,thereisalwaysaquestion oftheinvasionofpoliticalpower, eitherdirector,ifindirect,not sufficientlyjustified,againstthe inviolablepersonalrightsofhumanbeings.Neitherinwar norinpeacecanajustification hefoundforsuchthingsonthe basisofarealorpresumedreed ofthestate.Unfortunately theCourtdidnotmakeitself clearonthismoralprinciple, whichwassosharplyinsisted uponbyPiusXIandespecially byPiusXII.Ontheother hand,intheNurembergverdict thereisaquiteweakreliance uponthecondemnationsofcertainabusesinthisorthatinstancebypositiveinternational agreements,suchastheHague Convention.

Furthermore,theimmoralexaggerationofthecompetenceof thecivilpowerisnotalonea productofHitler'sspiritandits melancholyfruit"totalwar" withitsdevastatingaccompaniments,whichconfusestheconceptsofcombatantsandnoncombatants.TheCourt,forinstance,alsorefrainedfromsayingbywhatcriteriaweshould determinecrimesofaerialwarfare.Itonlytouchedupona fewevidentcases.Inthisabstinence,whichwasdeliberate onthepartoftheCourt,there isconcealedamoralandjuridicalembarrassmentinfaceof thefactof"totalwar"whichatleastintheair-waswaged bybothsidesinthestruggle.

III.LiabilityPunishmentand JusticeofthePunishment.

1.Theactualdeedswhichthe Courtjudgedtoconstitutea criminalwarofaggression shouldrightlybeconsideredan "unjustwar,"accordingtoCatholicmoralteaching.Thisjudgmentwouldstandevenifjudges morefavourabletotheNazis thanwerethemembersofthe Nurembergtribunalweretocon-

Whenanactisjudgedtobe crimnalaccordingtomoral teachingratherthanbyitsrelationtotheinterestsofsociety, thequestionariseswhetheritis tobevisitedwithpunishment byanearthlytribunal.Insuch acasethedecisionismadein thelightofthecommongood. Moralteachingwilltherefore confirmtheliabilitytopunishmentinthecaseofNuremberg.

(ContinuedonPage16.)

SidelightsontheSovie atHomeandAbroad

Russia'sBidfortheGoodWillofGermany

FrankDisclosuresAbout' EconomicFailures

Stalin'sviewsonGermanydeservecloseanalysis.Theymean thatRussiahasstartedbidding forthegoodwillofGermany"as awhole."Therearethreeobviousreasonsforthis:

(1)Russia'spolicyinthe SovietzoneofGermanyhas beenafailure.TheBerlin electionswereeloquentproof ofthis.

(2)inapoliticallyunited GermanyCommunistagents couldgoanywhere-andpenetrateorganisationsinthe West-whale democratic agentswouldhavenochance intheEasternparts.

(3)Russiacannowstartto curryfavourwiththeGerman STOVES:Relinedasnew;old stovestradedinonEnamel Stoves.W.A.StoveCo.B6307.

politicalparties-shehasin fact,alreadybeguntodoso. Oneoftheleadersofthe ChristianDemocratsinBerlin hadanimportantconversation atN.K.V.D.headquarters, wherehewasassured'hatRussiawasquitepreparedtocollaboratewithhimandhisfollowers,ashisparty"wasbackedbythepeople."

CertainstatementsofGerman ChristianDemocratsabroadrepeatalmostverbatimwhatMikoiajczksaidwhenheagreedto jointhePolishGovernmentof NationalUnityinMoscow.Even theGermanSocialDemocrats saythataslongastheRuisians donottrytofoistCommunist loadersonthem,theyareready toworkwiththem.Theyare againstfusion,butforcollaborationwiththeCommunists.-London"EastEurope."

She'llchangealotinanother year,butshe'llneverbesweeter thansheisto-day.Keepthat sweetnessfortheyearstocome. HaveanewPortraitmadenow. RingB8833fortheappointment.

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ATROCITIESINPOLAND.

Amongotherwelr-knownleadersofthePolishPeasantParty murderedrecentlybytheRussian-Polishsecretpolicearethe following:NarcyzWiatr,who wasafamouscommanderofthe PeasantBattalionfightingthe NazisinsouthernPoland; WladslawKojder,memberofthe executivecommitteeofthe Party;MajorSokolowski;BoleslawSolbiorsk,memberofthe NationalCouncil;IgnacyGadzala;EdmundWilk;andFranciszekLazowskt.

AccordingtoPoles,whohave recentlyarrivedinLondon,deportationsofyoungPolestothe forcedlabourcampsofRussia haveincreasedlately,andnew proscriptionlistsarebeingpropared.

OnMay2,thevillageofWawilnicawasburnedtotheground bytheSecurityPolicefromPulawy,becauseitwasaregional centreofthePeasantParty. Over100homesweredestroyed; twopeasantswileburnedto death,onediedfromaheartattackandonewentinsane.The SecurityPolicetriedtoforce thevillagerstosignadeposition spyingthattheatrocityhadbeen committedbybanditsfromthe forests.Othervillageshave alsobeenburned,aswellas manyfarm-housesbelongingto membersoftheP.S.L.-New York"NewLeader."

MOREAUSTERITYFOR RUSSIA.

AsignificantfeatureofMr. Zhdanov'sOctobersurveyofSovietpolicywashisquiteunusuallystrongemphasisontheseamy sideofSovieteconomiclifeafter thewar.TheSovietpublichas notheardsofrankadescription ofeconomicdifficultiesformore thanfifteenyears.Lossessuch asRussiahassuffered(apart from7,000,000dead)would,acccrdingtoZhdanov,"havereducedanyotherState,eventhe mightiestcapitalistState,toa second-ratePowerandthrownit hackinitsdevelopmentbydecades."Thisgrimstatement waslatersoftenedbyexpressionsofcertaintythatRussia wouldnotthusbethrownback, becauseitsplannedeconomy wouldcontinueto"producemiracles."ButtheobviousimplicationofZhdanov'sstatementis thatbeforethose"miracles"of thenewFive-Year-Planhave beenprouced,Russiaiseconomicallyinthepositionof"asecond-ratePower."

taincasesduringtherecentelectiontherelationbetweenthe numberofvotescastandthe distributionofseats.Thusthe 273,000newCommunistvoters meananadditionalnumberof20 seatsfortheirparty,whereas 512,000newRepublicanLiberal votersmeanonly9newseats forthisParty.-London"WhitehallNews."

BACKGROUNDTOFALSE BULGARIANELECTIONS.

OnOct.10,MoscowRadioreportedfromSofia,thatlocal journalisticcircleshavelearned thattheU.S.MilitaryRepresentativeontheAlliedControlCommissioninBulgaria,General Robertson,hadwrittentothe Cosnmission's Vice-Chairman, Gene*alBerezov,askingfora specialmeetingtodiscussmeasuresforwhathecalled"free electionstotheBulgarianGrand NationalAssembly."Thisletter issaidtohavebeensentoninstructionsfromMr.Byrnes. GeneralBerezovexpressed greatsurpriseinhisreplyto GeneralRobertson'srequest."To ensurefreeelectionsinBulgaria istheprerogativeoftheBulgarianGovernment.Forthe AlliedControlCommissionto discussthematterwouldbe grossinterferenceinBulgarian domesticaffairs."GeneralBerezovstatedthathecannotraise thequestionfordiscussioninthe AlliedControlCommission,asit doesnotcomewithinitsjurisdiction,asdefinedintheArmistice AgreementwithBulgaria.-Lon(Ion"EastEurope."

AWARNINGTOREFUGEESFROMHOME.

Czechoslovakiaissuffering fromaseriousshortageofmanpower,particularlyinthemining,textileandglassindustries. Toovercomethis,theGovernmentappealedtoallCzechsand Slovaksabroadtoreturntotheir owncountry.AnofficialdelegationvisitedCzechoslovakia communitiesinforeigncountries andpromisedthemgoodhouses, goodwages,andsatisfactory conditionsiftheywouldreturn home. Whenthereturningexilesarrived,theywerehousedinverminoushutsordisusedschools, whichformerlyservedasprisonsforNazis.Officialsofthe localNationalCommitteesabusedthemopenlyandtreatedthem asvagrants.Itisnotunusual forthreefamiliestoliveintwo roomswithoutadequatefurnitureorblankets,whichtheCommunistNationalCommitteesissueonlytopeopleontheirpoliticalandpersonalprioritylists.

Themoreobviousmoralofthe storyisthe"needforserious andheavysacrifices"onthe partoftheRussianpeople. Therewas"adroughtinanumberofareas,"and-againstall itsformerpractice-theRussian Governmentmadenometeorologicalsecretofthefact.Moreer,"Governmentstockshave beendepleted,"andsotheabolitionofrationing,alreadyannounced,hashadtobepostpone('untilnextyear.Thepublic wasalsorepeatedlytoldthatthe Sovieteconomyhadbeen"sapped"andthat"theproductive basisofagriculturehasbeen heavilyundermined."Morale, too,hasslumpedbadly.The shortageofskilledlabouristhe keytoallproblems;andthe Governmentwillhavetogoback totheschemeofcompulsorydirection,tofheso-calledStatereservesoflabour.-London"Economist."

GERRYMANDERINGATTHE FRENCHELECTIONS.

Theproportionaldelimitation oftheconstituenciesinFrance, workedoutunderCommunist andSocialistinfluenceatthelast Assembly,hasdistortedincer-

Theonlywaytoovercomethese difficultiesistobribethemembersoftheNationalCommittees. InthetownofHorniLitvinov; familieswhicharivedayearago stillhavenohouses.

Thefateofsoldiersreturning fromtheWestislittlebetter, particularlyiftheyhaveBritish wives,inwhichcasethehousingcommitteesdonotclassify tl.emas"goodCzechs."Their positionis}sappierthanthatof theworkers,however,since manyofthemhavebeenableto returntoBritain.Amongthose whohavearrivedbackisthe famouspilot,Squadron-Leader Kutelwaser.

AfterthefirstwaveofsettlershadreturnedtoCxechoslovakia,theywrotetotheirfriends andrelationswarningthemof theconditionsunderwhichthey lived.Asaresult,theflowof returningexileshasceasedand theCzechsandSlovaksabroad, themajorityofwhomwereCommunistsympathisersbeforethe war,arenowviolentlyopposed tothatparty.-London"ContinentalNews."

THEPRINCIPLESOFSOVIET

POLICY. Russianpolicytowardsthe outsideworldcanbesummedup asthepromotionofchaos. Wheretroublealreadyexists,it isaggravated;whereitdoes notalreadyexist,itismanufactured. ForCommunism thrivesonmiseryanddespair. Unprincipledandunpredictable asRussianforeignpolicyhas provedtobe,ithasbeenconstantandchangelessinonerespect-ethefomentingoftrouble everywhere.Thedeliberate frustrationofallattemptstorestorepeace,andlawandorder, toawar-strickenworldmuet beaccountedoneofthegreatest crimesinhistory.Onlymen withnobeliefinspiritualvalues couldbecapableofsuchcolossalwickedness.

-London"Truth."

TITO'SHATEPROPAGANDA. Thiswas,andremains,characteristicofTito'sregime.Every opportunityistakentodiscredit theWesternPowersandtomake themappearonlyasenemies, andthereasonispartlythata senseofexternalhostilityisa stimulustointernalunity.

-London"Free,Europe."

HOTELBEACONSFIELD

FREMANTLE OverlookingtheOcean.

SuperiorAccommodation

M.BYRNE(LateofGrandand ShamrockHotels,Boulder.) ModerateCharges.

ImpressiveGainsofCatholicSchoolsin ExhibitionsandScholarships

Brilliant Outcome ofPublic Exams

KEVINE.BYRNE, St.Charles'Seminary. WinnerofUniversityExhibitioninModernLanguages.

PassedinLeavingCertificatein English(D.),Latin(D.),Italian(D.),History(D.),MathematicsA(D.),MathematicsB (D.),Physics(D.).

KENNETHTAYLOR, ChristianBrothers'College, Perth:DuntroonEntrant.

PassedtheLeavingCertificate inEnglish,Latin,Mathematics A(b.),MathematicsB(D.), Physics,AppliedMathematics.

COLINKILMARTIN, ChristianBrothers'College, Perth. WinnerofGeneralExhibition.

PassedtheLeavingCertificate inEnglish,MathematicsA(D.), MathematicsB(D.),Physics (D.),Chemistry(D.),Drawing B,AppliedMathematics(D.).

VINCENTFINNEGAN. ChristianBrothers'College, Highgate. WinnerofScienceTeachers' Exhibition.

PassedtheLeavingCertificate inEnglish,Latin(D.),MathematicsA(D.),MathematicsB (D.),Physics,Chemistry(D.), AppliedMathematics.

STEPHENJ.QUAIN, St.Patrick'sBoys'School. WinnerofCoombeScholarship. PassedtheJuniorCertificatein English,History,Geography, ArithmeticandAlgebra,GeometryandTrigonometry,PhysiologyandHygiene,CommercialMethodsandBookkeeping.

LAURENCEJOHNEDWARDS, St.Charles'Seminary. WinnerofLynnScholarship.

PassedtheJuniorCertificatein English,Latin,Italian,ArithmeticandAlgebra,Geometry andTrigonometry,Physics.

BRIANTHOMASJACKSON, St.LouisSchool. WinnerofLynnScholarship.

PassedtheJuniorCertificatein English,French,Arithmeticand Algebra,GeometryandTrigonometry,Physics,Chemistry, DrawingA,DrawingB.

ERICFRANCISPRINCE, ChristianBrothers'College, Perth. WinnerofLynnScholarship. PassedtheJunior.Certificatein English,Latin,History,Geography,ArithmeticandAlgebra, GeometryandTrigonometry, Physics,Chemistry.

JOHNBARDEN, St.Charles'Seminary. Winnerofa.UniversityGeneral Exhibition.

PassedtheLeavingCertificate inEnglish(D.),Latin(D.),Italian,History,MathematicsA (D.),MathematicsB(D.),Physics(D.).

PETERJONES, ChristianBrothers'

Perth. WinnerofSwanandEmuBreweryScholarship. PassedtheJuniorCertificatein English,History,Arithmeticand Algebra,GeometryandTrigonometry,Physics,Chemistry,DrawingA.

THOMASFREDERICKREES. ChristianBrothers'College, Perth. WinnerofLynnScholarship. PassedtheJuniorCertificatein English,Latin,History,Geography,ArithmeticandAlgebra, GeometryandTrigonometry, Chemistry.

JOHNCHARLES, ChristianBrothers'

Highgate. WinnerofSwanandEmuBreweryScholarship. PassedtheJuniorCertificatein English,Latin,History,Geography,ArithmeticandAlgebra, GeometryandTrigonometry, Physics,ChemPstry.

MARGARETO'CONNOR, ConventofMercy,Bunbury. WinnerofLegacyClubScholarship. PassedtheJuniorCertificatein English,Latin,French,GeometryandTrigonometry,Phy-WinnerofLegacyClubScholar- siologyandHygiene,Drawing A. ship.

EDWARDA.CLELAND. St.LouisSchool.

College,

College,

childrenunaccompaniedb ar- nai.k..D.J. ents).

MetropolitanSocialCouncil.

Atthemeetingheldon7th. nst.,delegatesfromtheDistrict Board,Subiaco,Maylands,Leederville,ShentonPark,West Perth,VictoriaPark,andSt. gatrick'swerepresent.

Thesportscommitteereported havingarrangedfixturesforthe yearasfollows:

BadmintonChampionshipswill beheldonWednesday,June18. atLeederville,andonThursday, July3,atSubiaco.Entries closeonJune6.Mixeddoubles andmen'sdoublestobeplayed.

TableTennisChampionship willbeheldonMonday,July28, atMaylands.Entriescloseon July18.

QuoitsChampionshipwillbe heldonWednesday,August29, atMaylands.Entriescloseon August15.

Theannualsocialwillbeheld at.Highgate,forthepurposeof presentingtrophiesandshields towinnersofcompetitionsand championships,onWednesday, October15.

Aneveningrivertripwillbe heldonFriday,March14.

Itwasdecidedthattheservingofsupperbybranchesduringtheinter-branchcompetilionswillbeoptional.

Arrangementsfortheannual picnictoKeane'sPointonSunday,February23,aregoing smoothly.Ticketsareobtain-, ablefrombranchsecretariesor fromJ.Jacques,Council

Nominationsarestillopenfor theinter-branchrelayrace,tobe heldatthepicnic.Entries closeonFebruary21.TheS.S. "Perth"willleavetheBarrackstreetJettyat10.30a.m.

Theuseofrunningshoeswith spikesisprohibitedintheraces atthepicnic.

AllbranchdelegatesareurgedtoattendCouncilmeetings regularly.Ifabranchdelegate shouldmissthreeconsecutive meetings,theirseatontheCouncilwillbeforfeited,unlessapologyissenttothesecretary.

ThenextCouncilmeetingwill beheldonFriday,February21. St.Mary'sBranch,Leederville.

ThemeetingheldonJanuary 29wasquicklydisposedof,to makewayforthebeachparty thathadbeenarrangedatthe previousmeeting.Notwithstandingthefactthattheweatherwasverycool,agoodnumberofmembersparticipatedin theoutingtoCityBeach,where theyhadamostenjoyabletime. ThemeetingonWednesday,February12,willcommenceat'7.30, andthememberswillthendecide whethertogotothebeachorto havebadmintonandtabletennis inthehall.Membersgenerallyarerequestedtobeatthe hallnotlaterthan8.15.

Theusualfortnightlymeeting oftheSt.Patrick'sBranch,held onFebruary3,wasespecially wellattended,theDistrictBoard beingrepresentedbytheGeneral President,Bro.Wall,andG.V.P., Bro.Harris,towhomacordial welcomewasextendedbythe President,Bro.J.J.McIntyre. Whenthebusinessofthemeetinghadbeendisposedofandthe concludingprayersrecited,the

companybeganto"makemerry," todohonourtothePastPresident,Bro.J.O'Reilly.An apologywasreceivedfromthe Chaplain,Rev.FatherHogan, whowasunavoidablyabsent. Theladies'committeehadprovidedadelightfulsupper,and whenfulljusticehadbeenmeted outtothispartoftheevening's entertainment,thePresident, Bro.J.J.McIntyre,calledupon thebranchsecretary,Bro.T.E. O'Donoghue,toproposethe healthoftheguestoftheevening. Heeulogisedthemany goodqualitiesofBro.O'Reilly, andmadefeelingreferenceto theconstantanddifficulttaskso ablyperformedduringhismany yearsasPresident,especially mentioningthestrenuouswork whenthecloudsofwarbrokeon ourhorizon.Duringthattime thebranchwascarriedonbythe faithfulfew,ofwhomBro. O'Reillywasthecentralfigure, anditwasatributetohiszeal andperseverancethatSt.Patrick'sBranchisintheflourishingpositionitoccupiesto-day.

AlsotoMrs.O'Reillythe thanksofthebranchmustbe extended,forwithoutherhelp andco-operationitwould,have beennexttoimpossibletoacccmplishthetaskBro.O'Reilly hadsetouttoperform.Inconclusion,hewishedthemboththe bestGodcouldgive.Several toastswereproposedandhonoured.

Otherspeakersincludedthe DistrictPresidentandVice-President,andBros.Walker,McIntyre,Hynes,Woolcot,Hart,Miller,Pugh,J.CarrollandKeogh, andSr.Coffey. Bro.Presidentthencalledupon theGrandPresident,Bro.Wall, tomakethepresentationofa PastPresident'sCertificate,suitablyframed,toBro.O'Reilly. andadaintysilvercomportto Mrs.O'Reilly.

Bro.O'ReillyfeelinglythankedtheDistrictBoardand branchmembersonbehalfofhis wifeandselffortheirlovely gifts,butespeciallyforkindsentimentsandgoodwishes.Whateverhehad(loneforthesociety hadbeenalabouroflove,and withGod'shelphewouldcontinuetobealwaysaregularattendantatbranchmeetings.The valuablegiftsreceivedwouldbe alwaysamongsttheirmosttreasuredpossessions. Individualgoodwisheswere thenofferedtoBro.andMrs. O'Reilly,afterwhichamostenjoyableeveningcametoaclose.

Thenextmeetingnightis February17,atwhichitishopedtobeginthebranchcompetitions.

St.Kevin'sBranch.

FortnightlyReport.

Therewasaverygoodattendanceatthemeetingonthe6th. inst.Asthiswastheoccasion ofourbeachpartyandbarbacue, themeetingcommencedat7.30 p.m.,toenablethecustomary businesstobetransactedbefore 8.15p.m.,atwhichtimethebus leftforCityBeach.

Itwasanidealnightforthe beachanda.largenumberof thosepresenttookfulladvantage ofthewarmweathertoenjoya refreshingswim. Afirewas thenbuiltfurtheralongtheroad andgrilledsausages,rolls,etc., werepartakenofwithobvious relish.Thebusreturnedhome atabout11o'clock,andgenerallyspeakingathoroughlyenjoyabletimewashadbyall.

Ticketsfortheforthcoming annualpicnicmaybeobtained fromBro.P.Sweeney.

St.Joachim'sBranch.

Themeetingheldon23rd. ult.drewasplendidattendance ofmembers.Onenewmember wasinitiated,andBro.W.Anderton'sclearancefromKalgoorliewasreceived. WeregrettoreportthatSr. Q.Maguireisstilllaidupwitha kneeinjury,andSr.M.Clarkeis toenterhospitalforaninjury toherfoot.Wetrusttheywill soonbeaboutagain.Bro.C.J. Murphyhashadtoenterhospital,andwewishhimaspeedy returntogoodhealth.Sr.E. Austin,whohasbeenonaholidaytoSydney,returnedhomeby Skymasterrecently. Itwasdecidedtoentertwo teamsfortherelayraceatthe annualpicnic. Thepresident,onbehalfofthe members,madeapresentation toBro.andSr.M.Corry,who weremarriedrecently,andwishedthemeveryhappinessintheir future.

Wednesday.

THIRDORDEROF ST.FRANCIS

Themonthlymeetingofthe aboveOrderwasheldonSunday,February2.Rev.Father McBridegavethetertiariesa verydirecttalkonthenecessity ofself-denialandthepartit shouldplayinthelifeofamemberoftheThirdOrder,ofPenance,i.e.,theThirdOrderofSt. Francis.Heurgedmembersto practiseself-denialnotonlyduringLentbutatalltimes,not onlyfortheirownsalvationbut especiallyforthesalvationof others.Sufferingcouldsave moresoulsthananythingelse, hesaid,whichwasprovedbythe factthatOurLordonlyconvertedahandfulofpeoplebyHis preaching,butbyHisdeathon theCrossHeconvertedthe wholeworld.

Abusinessmeetingwasthen heldandreportswerereceived fromthevariouscommittees.

Infuturereceptionsareto takeplaceinMarchandSeptember,andprofessionsinApriland October.

TheDayofExpositioncontinuestobeverywellattended, butanappealwasmadefor morewatchersintheafternoons between1p.m.and4p.m.Gifts ofcandleswouldbeappreciated astheyareveryscarce.

EXPOSITION.

OneachTuesday,at8a.m., ExpositionoftheMostBlessed SacramentcommencesatOur LadyChapel,VictoriaSquare andendswithBenedictioninthe eveningat5.15p.m.

Thegeneralpublic,aswellas themembersoftheThirdOrder, areinvitedtopayasmanyvisits aspossibleeachTuesday.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

Therewasmuchactivitydown onthewaterfrontlastFriday night,whenmembersoftheAssociationmadetheirwaytothe Trimmerwheelforthelongawaitedrivertrip. Manyfamiliarfaceswereseen,eachclub beingwellrepresented.Unfortunately,therewasnotsufficientroomfordancing,norwasa pianoavailable,butwemanaged tostrikeahappymediumwitha portablegramophoneandsome ofthelatestrecords.

Onthewayhomewecalledin atMosmans,andupsetthefishingindustrythereforabrief period.Itwasthoughtthat quiteafewpeoplewouldbe swimminghome,butallwere eventuallyaccountedfor.On thereturntripwediscovered therewerequiteafewvoices whichwouldputFrankSinatra orBingCrosbytoshame,and thesewillbekeptinmindifwe shouldneedavocalistforour dancesthisyear.WefinallyarrivedbackatBarrack-street Jetty,lookingthoroughlywindswept,buteveryoneseemedto haveenjoyedthemselves.

Thenextrendezvousisthe picnic,onSunday,February16, andwehopetorenewacquaintancesandseemanyoldfriends atAssociationmemberspresent. There°isonepointwewould liketomakeclear,andthatis thepicnicisnotforAssociation membersalone.Anyonewho 'satallinterestedwillbemost welcome.

CATHOLICTEACHERS' GUILD

Inspiteoftheverytrying weatheronFebruary11.the firstmeetingof1947waswell attended.

TheGuildChaplain,Father Murphy,spokeontheFeastof theday-OurLadyofLourdes.

Atournextmeeting,onTuesday,February25,at8p.m.,in BectonHouse,therewillbea lectureontheBrownScapular, towhichallteachers,their friends,andmembersofallCatholicsocietiesarecordiallyinvited.

BeginningonthefirstMondayinMarch(the3rd.),all teacherswhoareintownareinvitedtotheGuildRoomsfor afternoonteaandachat.From thenontherewillbeafternoon teaonthefirstMondayinevery month. Theannualelectionofofficers willtakeplaceonMarch11,at 8p.m.

CATHOLICWOMEN'S LEAGUE

Thefollowingdonationshave beensentinfortheDistressed PriestsinEuropeFund:Mr.J. Pusey,£22;Mrs.M.O'Neil,£1; Ahern'sLtd.,£55s,AFriend,£2 5s;Mrs.GavanDuffy,senr.,10s.

Totaltodate,£71(6s6d.

CatnolicMissions

81St.George'sTerrace,Perth. DiocesanOffice:

Telephone:B2646.

HOLYCHILDHOOD-RANSOM ROLL-JANUARY,1947.

St.Brigid'sSchool,Midland Junction,HeadsJanuaryList forRansomofBlackBabies. St.Brigid'sConventSchool, MidlandJunction:106.

St.Michael'sSchool,Herne

Hill:58.

GRANDANNUALHIBERNIAN PICNIC.

ToKeane'sPoint,Sunday, February23, Ss."Perth"leavesBarrackStreet Jettyat1(130a.m.

Tickets:Family,4s.;single, children,Pd. Sports;driftsandsweetsfreeto children.

ThisPicnicNOTconfinedtoHibernianmembersonly.

THEMARIANCENTRE

"EVERYTHINGFORMARIAN ANDCARMELITEDEVOTION."

Thisweekwefeature

PAMPHLETS-ASelectionOnly

TheBrownScapular-Ashort historyoftheDevotion.

Small,3d;Large,6d.

ScapularInstructions-Scapular IndulgencesandLegislation. 2d.

DevotiontotheInfantof Prague. ByC.Anderson, 0.Carm. 4d.

HistoryoftheDevotiontothe InfantofPrague 4d. NovenaPrayerstoOurLadyof Mt.Carmel ld.

Magnificat-Fromtheprivate notesofaCarmeliteNun4d

OurLady-Meditations. By BedeJarrett,O.P. 6d.

EnjoytheMass.ByA.H. Dolan,0.Carm 9d.

CatechismSimplified-For adultsaswellaschildren.By P.J.Gearon,O.Carm.,D.D., B.A. 6d.

AllTheAnswers-concerning MarriageandBirthControl. ByA.H.Dolan,0.Carm.....7d

Overahundredtitlesavailable; alsoBooks,Scapulars,Medals andHolyPictures. Postageextra.SpecialdiscountsgivenSchools,Colleges, LiteratureCommittees,the Trade,etc.,forquantityorders.

Orderfrom:

NationalScapularHeadquarters

75WrightStreet,MiddlePark, S.C.6,Melbourne.

PubishersoftheNationalMarian Magazine,"THESCAPULAR," 3/6peryear,posted.'DistributorsofthebestMarianand CarmeliteLiteratureandArticlesofDevotion,andCentrefor ScapularandInfantofPrague Societies.

February12,1947.

CATHOLICAUTHOR'SSUCCESS.

Mr.PaulMcGuire,whorecentlyreturnedtoAustralia fromoverseas,isatpresentvisitingAdelaide.AfterdemobolisationfromtheRoyalAustralianNavy,Mr.McGuirebecameSpecialCorrespondentin EuropefortheMelbourne"Argus."Hespentseveralmonths inFranceandGermany,includingalongstayinBerlin,and visitedalsotheScandinavian countries,Holland.Belgiumand Ireland. InBrusselshemet againCanonCardijn,founderof theYoungChristianWorkers, whobothinBelgiumandFrance werethecoreofresistanceto theNazis.InGermany,Mr. McGuiremetseveralmembersof theHierarchy,includingCardinalvonPreysing.Hemet alsoDr.Niemoller,thefamous leaderoftheLutheran"Confessional"groups,whoresisted theNazis;andMr.McGuirewas invitedtoattendandaddressa meetingoftheLutheranSynod oftheMarkofBrandenburg. Mr.McGuirecamehomethrough theU.S.A.andCanada.Hegave aseriesoflecturesintheStales andmetpersonallyPresident TrumanandMr.McKenzieKing, thePrimeMinisterofCanada. Heattendedthesessionsofthe UnitedNationsAssemblyboth inLondonandNewYork.In IrelandhemetMr.deValera. Mr.McGuireisatpresentwritingabookontheworldpolitical situation,andeditingaseriesof boksfortheOxfordUniversity Press.Hehaslatelywritten fortheRankFilminterestsof theUnitedKingdomthescripts fortwofilmsonAustralia,which willbemadeherethisyearand whichhehasnowbeenaskedto direct.Athisreturn,Mr. McGuirewasinvitedbythe A.B.C.tospeakinits"Guestof Honour"series.

LARGESTRELIGIOUSORDER

TheLondonCatholicweekly, the"Tablet,"givesaninterestingestimateofthetstrength throughouttheworldoftheSocietyofJesus,thelargestreligiousOrderintheChurch.The totalnumberofJesuitsinthe worldisatpresent28.420,distrismiassmailiaimisiataiiisaiiimassimaiirssi, YouareInvitedtoInspectthe ColouredCamera Portraitsof GirlsofAllNations Australian-English-IrishIrish-Australian-Scotch.American-French-Chinese -Greek-YugoSlav-Mal, ayan-andIndian, displayedintheCouncilAvenue entranceof VICTOR (PENROSE

PERTH'SMODERNSTUDIO.

672CENTRALHAYSTREET.

**

ForAppointmentsforChildStudies.Bridal,orGeneralPortraiture,TelephoneB4296. violin..mimingitmowtllsiiiiimmimment

**.AND

Mutedamong43provinces.Nearlyaquarterofthese,6,282,belongtotheNorthAmericanProvinceorAssistancy.Despite thelossesoftheCivilWar,the SpanishAssistancystandsinthe secondplace,with4,973.The others,inorderofnumerical s,rength,arethoseofGreatBritain(withBelgiumandCanada),having4,566;Germanyand Holland,with3,154;France, with3,100;Italy,with2,353; LatinAmerica,with2,540;and theSlavoniccountries,having 1,356.

NEWATTACKONFRENCH.

DespitepromisesintheCommunistandSocialistspeechesbeforetherecentreferendumon theConstitution,theFrenchSocialistMinisterforNationalInstructionhassignedanorder suppressing allchaplaincies openedinpublicsecondaryschoolsorcollegessince1939. Thosewhichexistedbeforethat datemaycontinue.

Parents'associationshave beenpetitioningforre-establishmentofreligiousteachingand, withepiscopalauthority,have beguncatechismclassesnearaffectedcollegesandschools. Thisorderfollowstheaccept-anceofthenewConstitution, whichrefusedtoincludefreedom ofeducationinthelistofinalienablerights.

FILMSTARON"MATE TRADING.

PatO'Brien.Hollywoodstar, andhiswife,whospentaweek h.Londonwheretheymetthe KingandQueen,andwerereceivedbyArchbishopWilliam Godfrey,ApostolicDelegateto GreatBritain,willsoonjourney toRome,wheretheyhopetobe receivedbyHisHolinessPope PiusXII.TheO'Brienscarry withthemaletterinintroductionfromHisEminenceFrancis CardinalSpellman,Archbishop ofNewYork,whomtheymet lastJuneatthechristeningof theirfourthchild.

InaninterviewwiththeCa- tholicpress,Mr.O'Brienex- pressedhisindignationatthe reputationfor"matetrading" thatsomestarshavegivenHollywood."Youwillfindmany Catholicfamilieslikeours."he declared."But,ofcourse,a happymarriage,andaquiet homedon'tmakeastory."

Thefamedstar,whohastwice playedthepartofapriest,will portrayinhisnextfilm,"Newsboys'Home,"FatherDunne,a priestwhousedtostandaround streetcornerstogaintheconfidenceofnewsboys.Thehome foundedbyFatherDunneis stillflourishinginSt.Louis.

PRIESTPILOTRETURNING TONEWGUINEA.

Toresumehispre-warwork asaflyingmissionaryinNew Guinea,theRev.FatherJohn GloverleftAlburyrecentlyon thefirststageofhislongflight north.

OneofthefewAustralian prieststoholdapilot'slicence, FatherGloverprovidedaerial transportforMissionariesof theDivineWordinNewGuinea beforetheJapaneseinvasion.

Duringtherapidsouthward marchoftheJapanesein1942 FatherGloverdistinguishedhimselfinevacuatingresidentsof theislandbyair.Subsequentlyheservedwiththe asa chaplain.

PilotingaTigerMothplane, FatherGlovermadethefirst hoptoSydney.

Thesecondstopping-placeis Cairns,whereFatherGlover willlearntoflyatwin-engined DeHavilandRapide,whichwill beusedformissionaryworkin NewGuinea. Madangwillbethebasewhich hewilluseforactivitiesinthe missionaryarea.

OTES

POPE'SRELIEFPLANES.

Twenty-fourhoursafterthe ItalianislandofSardiniahad beendevastatedbytheseverest floodssince1883,threerelief planes,despatchedbyHisHolinessPopePiusXII.,swooped downnearthestrickenarea, andbroughtmuch-neededaidto thevictimsofthecatastrophe. Aviolentstormsweptovera widearea,leavingdeathanddestructioninitswake.

Sardinianpeasantswerefilled withdespair,lookingatthe ruinsoftheirhouses.Theyhad losttheircattleandtheirfields andvineyardswere asorry sight.

Withintwenty-fourhours, however,threeplanes,secured throughtheco-operationofthe ItalianAirMinistry,andloade withfood,medicines,clothing andbedding,swoopeddownnear thedesolatedareastobemetby afleetofarmytrucks.

CrowdsCheerTrucks.

Rapidlyreloading,thetrucks spedintothetownsaffectedby thestorm,wheretheyweremet byacheeringcrowdofmen,womenandchildren.

Toldthat"theHolyFather hassentthesethingstoyou," thepeoplekneltinmudkneedeetaandwithtearsofgratitudestreamingdowntheir cheeks,gavethankstoGodand totheHolyFather.

countries-"morePapistthan thePope,"thedailyaddsthat "eventheRepublicanswhoare inSpainrepudiatesuchhasteof foreignChancelleriestoadjust Spanishaffairs,"andthatIndalecio'Prieto,"acknowledgedby manyRepublicansasoneofthe principalleadersofthe'opposi- tionto antiFranco,fullysharesthe -interventionistideasthat Mexicohasalwaysupheld."

SpanishGenerosity.

"ElOccidental"ofGuadalajaraequallyopposessuch"absurdandpeculiarpreoccupation withtheSpanishquestion,asif therewerenorealandprofound problemstooccupy"thedelegatesoftheUnitedNations.The paperrejectstheoppositionthat "Spainrepresentsanimminent dangerforworldpeace,"adding thatbytheattitudeoftheir delegates,someLatin-American countries"incollaborationwith thebarbarousenemyinthe Eastraiseanarmedhandtostab theheartthatinthepastso generouslygavethemblood,cultureandlife."

CATHOLICHEADSFRENCH SENATE.

ThenewFrenchSenate-officially,theCounciloftheRepub- lic-hasaCatholicpresident,M. ChampetierdeRibes.

M.deRibes,whowaselected by124votesto119againstthe oppositionofaSosisilisi-Oommunistnominee,isaChristian DemocratwholedtheFrench prosecutingteamatNuremburg.

Abarrister.M.deRibesjoin- edthePopularDemocratic Partybeforethewarandatthe outbreakofhostilitieswasservingasUnder-Secretaryfor ForeignAffairs.Earlyinthe occupationtheGermansimprisonedhimandlaterdeported him.

DuringtheFirstWorldWar hewasacombatant.After beingseriouslywoundedhewas invalidedoutoftheforcesand afterwardsservedinaministerialcapacityunderPoincareand Tradieu.

LITHUANIANS'PLEATO CHRISTIANS.

Anurgentappealfor"help. justice,andlibertyforthemartyredpeople"ofLithuaniahas beenaddressed"totheChristian world"inastatementissuedby theheadsoftheLithuanian ChristianDemocraticPartyin exile.Thestatementissigned byProfessorM.Krupavicius, formerMinisterofAgriculture inLithuania,andPresidentof theparty,andEdTurauskas, MinisterPlenipotentiary,and theparty'ssecretarygeneral.

Asmallmissionarycrucifix standsuponthebigblackteakwooddeskofGeneralissimo ChiangKai-shek.Ithasstood thereinfrontoftheGeneral forthepastthreeyears.The Generalreceivedthecrucifix fromapriest,FatherCharles Meeus,aBelgianmissionary, whobecameaChinesecitizen whenhewasordained.For threeyearsFatherMeeuswas inignoranceofwhathailhappenedtohisgift.Then,one aayhemetabright-eyedscout leadernamedChiangWei-kwo. "Iknowyourname,"saidthe scout."Myfatherhasasmall crucifixonhisdesk,anditisinscribedwith'yournameonthe back.Hehaskeptittherein frontofhimfornearlythree yearsnow."ChiangWei-kwo, theyoungscout,isthesonof ChiangKai-shek.

MEXICANSDENOUNCE U.N.O.

"Mexicohashadbitterexperiencesinmattersofintervention, regardlessofhow'salutary'they weremadetoappeartous," thedaily"Novedales"comments ontheinsistencewithwhichcertaindelegatestotheUnited NationsAssemblydemandinterventioninSpaintohastena changeofgovernment. Callingsuchdelegates-among themsomefromLatin-American

Recalling"themonstrous crimeperpetratedinJune,1940, againsttheLithuanianpeople," whentheSovietGovernment, "violatingitsmostsolemn pledgesinregardtoLithuania, occupiedthiscountry,andimposedonhertheBolshevistregime,"thepartyheadsdeclare: "Weareready.inthenameof ourmartyrs,topardonthe crimesofourexecutioners,if onlytheyletusfreeandallow ustobemastersinourown home. Wedonotaskfor reparationsorforotherpeople's territory.Weclaimonlyliberty."

SpeakingtoallChristians,the leadersbegaid"inthenameof ourChristianpeople,inthename ofallpeopleswhosufferaswe do."Thestatementadds:"Do notletusperishbyyoursilence,fortherearecaseswhen silenceisequaltocomplicity. Weknowthatwecancounton you,onyourChristiansolidarity,inyoursenseofjustice."

Protesting"theregimeofterror"whichtheSovietshaveintroduced"byfireandsword," theofficialsoftheChristianDemocraticPartyurgeallChristianpeoplesto"helpustorecoverourpatrimonybyyour profoundlyChristianandhumaneconviction."Theyadd: "Helpustostemthetideofevil whichissweepingourcountry, andtoreturntothefoldall thosewhohavebeendrivenout byarmedforceorbyterror."

PERTHSINGERTORETURN.

Accordingtoapressmessage fromSydney,LornaSydney, whowasaprotegeofMadame LotteLehmann,andisnowa primadonnaattheViennaState Opera,willreturntoAustralia undercontracttotheAustralian BroadcastingCommission.On theadviceofMadameLehmann andthenotedconductor,Georg Schneevoigt,shewenttoEurope tostudyin1938.

LornaSydney,whoisaWest Australian(shewasbornLorna SydneySmith),studiedinAustraliawithMissGertrudeHutton,nowlivinginSydney.She wasafellowpupilofthebrilliantAustralianpianist.Eileen Joyce,attheLoretoConvent, Swanbourne.

RUSSIANSBAN"SILENT NIGHT."

ThemostfamousofChristmas carols,"SilentNight,"mayno longerbesungatofficialorpublieChristmascelebrationsorganisedbythekindergarten teachersofSchwerin,atownof 50,000inMecklenburgintheSovietzoneofGermany.

Ithasbeenbannedbythe Town'sYouthOffice,theBritish newsserviceinGermanyre-. ports.

TheYouthOfficehasalsoforbiddentheperformanceof Christmasplaysinwhichangels appear.

TheSchwerin"Nord-Deutsche Zeitung,"organoftheLiberal DemocraticParty,describesthe banas"anoffenceagainsttolerance."

PRIESTATTHEPOLE.

FatherWilliamMenster,Catholicnavalchaplain,whosailed fortheAntarcticaboardAdmiralRichardE.Byrd'sflagshipasaparticipantinthecelebrated"OperationSnowbird,"is anativeofCascade,Iowa,and agraduateofLorasCollege. FatherMensterwasordained in1938,andservedintheSouth PacificwiththeU.S.Navy.

Duringthepastyearhehas beenattheMiamiNavalAir Station.The33-year-oldpriest holdstherankofLieutenantCommander.

ANOTEONTHELOOTED ALTAR.

WhenFatherBernardWay,a missionary,wasgaoledbythe JapaneseinBhamo,Burma,in 1942,anItalianpriestvisited him. HewenttotellFatherWay thattheJapanesehadpillaged anddestroyedthechurch.He alsohandedhimascrapofpaper whichvasfoundonthealtar:

InFrenchitsaid"Iama studentoftheSocietyofMary. Ihavetakenchargeofyoursacredrelicsandchalice.Iwillbe goingintoChinaandwillgive themtothefirstpriestImeet ontheway."

Therewasnosignature.

LastyearinMandalay,itis nowdisclosed,therectorofLashio,ontheoldBurmaroadto China,metFatherWay.

Learninghewasfrom8hamo, hetoldhimhowayoungJapanesesoldierhandedhimachaliceandrelicsfromBrehm° manymonthsbefore.

CHIANG'SCRUCIFIX.

Muscoviana

TheMuscovianaofrecentweekshavehadseveral interestingfeatures,notablytheresultsoftheelections fortheSupremeSoviets.MarshalStalinreceiveda100 percent.ballotinhisconstituencyofMoscow.Asif lotpapershadonlyonename),Stalin,withcharacteristic lackofsubtletyandcynicaldisdainforhispeople'sinsubteltyandwiththatcynicaldisdainforhispeople'sintelligence,announcedthat"therewasneverbeforeinthe worldsuchtrulyfreeanddemocraticelections."Itmust begallingtoAmericaandBritainwhohavebeensooutspokenaboutthechicaneryofelectionsinPolandandBulgariatohavetoswallowthegreatestfraudofall.ThecontemptoftheSpaniardswhentheUnitedNationsdemanda freeexpressionofthepeople'swillcanwellbeimagined whennovoiceisraisedtodenouncethemockeryofdemocraticprocedurewhichisperpetratedfromtimetotime intheSovietwith100percent.results!

AnothernewsitemfromNankinglikewisedemonstrates theuttercynicismoftheReds.AccordingtothepropagandafromCommunistHeadquarters,over60,000,000peasantshavebeengivenlandinareasinNorthChina.This isgoodpropagandafortheproperty-hungryproletariat. anditmayevendeceivetheChineseattheoutset.Butit isacaseoftryingthesametrickoncetoooften.Poland's caseshouldbeawarningtotherestoftheworld.For here,asinChina,therewaswholesaledistributionofland topeasants.ItreadinthenewspapersasifStalinwere creatingaDistributistStatealongthelinesofthePapal Encyclicals.ButthePolesverysoondiscoveredthat, theyhadland,theycouldnotgetmachinery,horses, orseedwheat;sothatpresently,whentheSovietofficialscamealongonatourofinspection,thepeasantholdingsweredeclaredinefficient(asindeedtheywere),and theRussianswerereluctantlycompelledtocollectivise theirfarms.

DEATH.

SHEEHAN.-Tr-asuredandlovingmemoriesofourdarling Maurine,aged17years,died resultofaccidentatEsperance,onJanuary30,1947, daughterofMr.sandthelate J.W.Sheehan,andsisterof JosephineandNell,Kalgoorlie. Jesus,Mary.andJoseph.

INMEMORIAM.

BARNARD.-Inaffectionate memoryofmybelovedhusband,HenryLynnBarnard, whodepartedthislifeon February14,1945.

-Insertedbyhiswife.

ENGWALL.-Sacredtothe memoryofOscarJamesEngwall,presumeddead,February 14.1942. Everrememberedbyhislovingwifeandchildren.

FlTZPATRICK.-Ofyourcharity,prayforthereposeofthe soulofSaraAgnesFitzpatrick,lateof135Sheppartonroad,VictoriaPark,whopassedawayonFebruary14,1944. -Insertedbyherlovingfami.ly.

HELM.-Ofyourcharity,pray forthehappyreposeofthe soulofourdearmother,Anne Teresa,whoseanniversaryoccursto-day. ImmaculateHeartofMary, yourprayersforherextol. MostSacredHeartofJesus, havemercyonhersoul.

-Insertedbyherlovingfamily.

KEHOE.-Insadandloving memoryofJosephAustin,who losthislifeinNewGuinea, onFebruary14,1944;also Desmond,killedoverBreyell, Germany,onFebruary24, 1945. Toodeeplylovedtoeverbe forgotten.

-Insertedbytheirloving motherandfondbrotherJohn.

KEHOE.-Inmemoryofour darlingbrothers,Austin,who losthislifeinNewGuinea, February14,1944;andDesmond,killedoverBreyell.February24,.1945.R.I.P.

-Insertedbytheirlovingsister,Carmel,andbrother-in-law, Frank.

QUAIN.-Inlovingmemory,,f ourdearmother,whodepartedthislifeFebruary8,1937.

MostSacredHeartofJesus, havemercyonhersoul.

HolidayResorts

MASSTIMETABLE.

Albany:

FiverySunday:7.30ain,dad9.45 a.m,

DailyMassat7.30a.mduring ,+choolholiday..;6:30a.m,a.other imes.

Banbury; St.Patrick'sChurch: AllSundays:.7.30a.m.and9.30 1.m.

HolidaysofObligation:7aIn. and8a.m.

SouthBunbury: 8a.m.onallSundays, HolidaysofObligation:7a.m.

PlajarraParish: Sunday,February16:8a.m.

Fremantle: 7,9,and10.30a.m.

Beaconsfield: 7and9a.m.

Spearwood: 8.30ant,

Rockingham: 10a.m.onallSundaysduringhill days

BusseltonandDistricts:

February16:Busselton,7.30 a.m.;MargaretRiver,10am, February23:Busselton,7.30 a.m.;Marybrook,9.30a.m,

March2:Busselleon,7.30a.m.: Cundenup,10a.m.

March0:Busselton,7.30a.m. Cowarmtrp,10a.m.

March16:Busselton,7,30aan MargaretRiver,10a.m.

March23:Busselton,7.30a.m.:

Nlarybrook,0.30a.m.

March30:Busselton,7.30a.m.; Karridale,10a.m.

April6:Busselton,7.30a.m.; Cundenup,10am,

Scarborough: Every!Sunday:8a.m.

NorthBeach: EverySunday:5.1.3a.m.

OsbornePark: EverySunday:738and10a.m.

ARCHBISHOP'SSECRETARY

TAKESHOLIDAY.

Rev.FatherRafferty,SecretarytoHisGracetheArchbishop,whohaslabouredinthe Archdioceseforthepasteleven years,isabouttomakeatripto Irelandtovisithisfamilyand friends.

Afarewellpartyisbeingarrangedandwilltakeplaceatthe CathedralHall,Murray-street, onSundaynight,16th.inst.,at 8.30p.m. Wewishtotakethisoppor- tunityofwishingFatherRaffertyaverypleasanttripand hopehisvisitinIrelandwillhe averyhappyone.

SPECIALCOURSEOFLENTENSERMONS.

AcourseofLentenSermons, atSt.Mary'sCathedral,willbe preachedbyRev.FatherBuist, C.SS.R.,commencingonSundayevening,February23.=

BOARDANDRESIDENCE.

Youngman,attendingUniversity,requiresboardandresidence;R.C.privatefamily.Replyto"J.B.C.,"thisoffice.

Couplewithchild,3years,ur- gentlyrequireaccommodation anydescriptionuntilownhome ready;nowheretoliveafter 22nd.February;wifewillingmindchildren.ApplyV.B., thisoffice.

CAN YOU BELIEVE YOUR EYES?

'PHONE: B7326.

SAINKEN&SAINKEN, OPTOMETRISTSandOPTICIANS 633HAYSTREW nez:AmbassadorsTheatre/. 44

LentenRegulations,1947

SUMMARYOFTHEREGULATIONSFORFAST ANDABSTINENCE.

Nextinimportanceasrevelatoryofthetruenature ofMarxismarethetrialofMonsignorTisoinBratislava, theinterrogationofEislerintheUnitedStates,andthespy trialsinSouthAfrica.Afteralife-timestruggleforSlovakautonomy,MonsignorTisoisinthedockcharged withcapitaloffences.FacedbyHitlerin1939withthe optionofhavinghiscountrysubjugatedbyaninvaderor ofheadinganindependentSlovakRepublic,theMonsignorchosethelattercourse.Ironicallyenough.thenew Govermentwasrecognisedby27countries,includingthe SovietUnion.IntheUnitedStates,Eisler,whoissaid tobethetoprankingCommunist,istobeindictedona chargeofanallegedrevolutionaryconspiracytooverthrow theU.S.Government.MeanwhileinSouthAfricaeight Communistsarefeaturinginasensationalseditiontrial. WhiletheseeventsindicateclearlythemarchofMarxism,theyalsosuggestatardyconsciousnessinthedemocraciesoftheperiloftheFifthColumn.Athomethe RedreversesintheUnionballotsauguradetermination tooustthesewreckers.

POPULARREVIVAL OF "PEG0'MYHEART"

DeliciousComedyofIrishGirl inEnglishHousehold

Thiswell-lovedplaybyJ.HARTLEYMANNERS,willbe performedinCATHEDRALHALLbytheCATHEDRAL PLAYERS,onMARCH6,7,8,13,14,15. Productionis byCYRILRILEY,andthecastincludes:JOYCERILEY, RHONAEDGAR,CELIAREITH,W.A.BROWN,FRANK O'GRADY,BILLDIXON,KEITHSPRUHAN,RONEVANS.

-Insertedbyherlovingdaughter,Agatha,son-in-law,Horace, andgrandchildren,John,David andJaniceRushton.

QUINLAN.-Ofyourcharity, prayforthereposeofthesoul ofMaryAngelaQuinlan,who (liedFebruary9,1946. SacredHeartofJesus,have mercyonhersoul. OurLadyofLourdes,pray forher. -Insertedbyhersorrowing husbandandfamily.

M.ADDISON.-Ofyourcharity, prayforthereposeofthesoul ofJoyceMaddison,whodepartedthislifeFebruary15, 1944,lovingwifeofFrankand devotedmotherofBernard. ImmaculateHeartofMary, yourprayersforherextol. SacredHeartofJesus,have mercyonhersoul.

WANTED.

Twowaitressesrequired;live inorout.HotelAustralia, Perth.

WARTIMEDISPENSATIONFROMABSTINENCE TOCEASE.

ThedispensationfromAbstinenoe,whichasawartimeprivilegehasbeenoperatingIntheArchdiocese,will ceaseasfromAshWednesday(February19th.)ofthis year.Onandfromthatdate thelawofabstinencefrom meatonFridaysandother prescribeddayswillagainbe Inforce.

1.OnFASTdays,thoseboundtofastareallowed minefullmealatmid-dayorintheevening.Inaddition, theyareallowedtwolightmeals-oneofabouteight ounces,andtheotheroftwoorthreeounces.Anykind offood,andhenceevenfleshmeat,maybeusedatall threemealsprovided,atthetwosmallmeals,thelimitof eightandtwoorthreeounces,respectively,benotexceeded.

2.OnABSTINENCEclays,fleshmeatandmeatsoup areforbidden.

3.Lardanddrippingmaybeusedondaysofabstinence,providedtheybeusedmerelyasacondimentorseasoning.

4.Friday,unlessitbeaHolidayofObligation,isa (layofabstinence.

5.AshWednesdayandtheFridaysinLentandEmberWeeksaredaysoffastandabstinence.

6.Mondays,Tuesdays,Wednesdays,Thursdaysand SaturdaysinLent,andtheWednesdaysandSaturdaysin QuarterTensearedaysoffastwithoutabstinetice.

7.ThereisnofastorabstinenceonSundaysorHolidaysofobligation.

8.St.Patrick'sDayisexemptfromfast;ifitfalls onaFriday,itisnotexemptfromtheabstinence.

9.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirseventhyearare boundbythelawofabstinence.

10.Thosewhohavecompletedtheirtwenty-firstyear areboundbythelawoffasting;theyceasetobebound byitwhentheyhavebeguntheirsixtiethyear.

11.Thosewhoareindelicatehealthorwhoareengagedinexhaustingwork,arenotboundtofast.Ofcourse, thosewhoareseriouslyillarenotboundbyeitherfastor abstinence.

12.OnthedaysmentionedinNo.,6,thosewhoare notboundtofastarenotlimitedbythelaweitherastothe qualityorquantityofthefoodtheywishtotake.

13.TheLentenFastandAbstinenceceaseatnoonon HolySaturday.

-ViPthneurge4utt;itek, ArchbishopofPerth.

iseriminations

Planisi Sanger

AnEveryman'sMusicRecital

Onceagain,inthebeautiful, cool(thisisofmajorimportafice thesesultrynights!),andserene surroundingsoftheSomerville AuditoriumatCrawley,the music-loversofPerthweretreatedtoanotheroutstandingrecitalorganisedbytheAdultEducationBoard.Thetwoartists primarilyresponsibleforourenjoymentwereMadameAlice Carrard(pianiste)andDouglas Parnell(bass-baritone).

IfitwerenecessaryforAlice Carrardtoagaindemonstrate heroutstandingtechniqueand exceptionalartistry,thenthis wassurelydoneatlastSaturdaynight'srecitalHerpianisticequipmentischaracterised outstandinglybyaverywide rangeoftone,conspicuously beautifulinsoftpassagesand resonantlypowerfulattheother extreme.Alliedtotheharmoniousbalanceofthesegiftsisthe artist'scommandingassurance intheiruseBorninHungary, MadameCarrardreceivedher musicaleducationattheFranz LisztAcademy,andherteachers includedsuchcelebritiesasBela Bartok(recentlydeceased), Weiner,andDohnanyiInprewardaysshewasregardedas oneoftheoutstandingpianists ontheContinent

Theprogrammeopenedwitha BusoniarrangementofBach's "Chaconne"Originallywritten fortheunaccompaniedviolin,it hasbeenturnedintoamonumentalandmajesticworkofimmensepowerandrange.The work'sexactingdemandswere ablymetbytheperformer.Beethoven'sSonatainEFlat,Op. 27,No.1,washeardnext.Opus 27consistsoftwosonatas.andit wasarealpleasuretohearthe firstofthese.Becauseitis heardsomanytimesontheconcertplatformandovertheradio, onehasgrownatriflewearyof thesister-sonata,No.2,inC SharpMinor,morepopularly knownas"TheMoonlight."The quietcharmoftheopeningAndante;thewealthofrhythmic inventiveness,ofmysteriouselfin moodandradianthumourinthe secondmovement-ascherzoandthebuoyantvivacityofthe Finale,inwhichtheAdagio againappearsasamemorytowardstheendofthesonata, madeexceedinglypleasantlistening.

Afterintervalweheardfrom thepianistaninterestinggroup consistingofPresto,Op.7,and PerpetuumMobile.Op.119,both byMendelssohn;PreludeinG SharpMinor(Rachmaninoff); andLiszt'senchanting"LaCampanella."Thegroupprovided

nogreatvariety,butservedas asuitablemediumtorevealthe artiste'samazingtechnique.In risponsetoanenthusiasticreception,Madamegaveasencores "TheContrabandists,"aracy Schumannstudy,andBelaBartok'stranquil,"AnEveningin Transylvania."

AVISITINGSINGER.

DouglasParnell,abass-baritone,ofpleasingifnotwholly artisticmerit,providedsufficient evidencethatwithfurtherstudy andexperienceheIhouldachieve ultimatesuccess.HeisavisitorfromSouthAustralia,and planstoleaveforEnglandatan earlydate,wherehewillcontinuestudiesthatwerecommencedonlytenyearsago.Tall, well-proportioned,havingagood platformmanner,andanobvious senseofhumour,Mr.Parnell offeredplentyofvarietyinhis selections-allfamiliar,butnone thelessexacting-andinsome groups,particularlytheoperatic one,heacquittedhimselfwith distinction.Thisgroupopened withtheplaintivemeditationof thekinginGounod's"Irene", "SheAloneCharmethmySadness,"andthenbywayofcontrastweheardFigaro'sracy mockheroicadjurationtothe pageCherubinofromMozart's "TheMarriageofFigaro""Now,SirPage."lago'sCredofrom"Othello"(Verdi)concludedthegroup,andtherefined malignityofthisfamousaria evadingwiththesatyriclaugh thatwouldhavecurdledthemilk inadairy,wasfinelyhandled. Onemustmakeaslightprotest, however,withMr. Parnell's habitofwalkingoffthestage whenconcludingariassuchasthe "Credo"andMoussorgsky'swell known"SongoftheFlea."A fewgestures,ifwelltimed,are quiteacceptableontheconcert platform,butrestraintandnot showinessshouldcharacterise theseactions. Amongothersolosthatobviouslypleasedtheaudience were"AtNight"(Rachmaninoff),"WhentheKingWent ForthtoWar"(Koeneman), "TheSongoftheVolgaBoatmen"(arrangedbyKoeneman). Twoencores,deliveredwithartisticinsightandintelligent handling,wereBeethoven'sstirring"HymnofCreation"and theoldEnglishair,"Simonthe Cellarer."AlltheaccompanimentswereplayedwithjudgmentandsympathybyMadame Carrard.

-"GROUCHO."

Groucho'sSCREENNOTES

LONGFILMS.

Therevivalof"GoneWith theWind"oncemoreinthecity remindsonethatitisthelongestmotionpictureeverreleased inAmerica.Itsrunningtime isthreehoursandfiftyminutes -morethantwiceaslongasthe averagefeature. Ibelievethe longestAmericanpictureever producedwas"Greed,"madein 1924.Whileitsrunningtime wascutdowntotwohoursand fifty-sixminutesfortheatresin theUnitedStates,thisfilm wasshowninLatinAmericain itsoriginallength,running11 hoursandfortyminutesover twoconsecutivenights.Audiencescertainlygottheirmoney's worthinthosedays!

Revertingagainto"GoneWith theWind,"Iwonderhowmany readersknowwhereMargaret Mitchellobtainedthetitleofher epicnovel.Thetitlecamefrom ErnestDowson's"Cynara,"writtenin1896:

logueandplotofthisotherwise finecomedyareobjectionable, theresultofanobviouslackof sufficienthumourtocarrythe plotalong.Theselapsesadd absolutelynothingtotheeffectivenessofthefilm,andthey servemerelyasasoptothose whodemandthathumourbeof asuggestivenature.Therather youngandconsequentlyimpressionableaudienceseemedto "lap"thisallwithrelishthe othereveningwhenIsawthe film.

"Snafu"isArmylingofor "SituationNormal-AllFouled Up."

YOURMOVIESTO-MORROW.

Two-earlisteningin sound ,ystemsisexpectedtoundergo anewdevelopmentafterFox moviepeopleintroducetheir newbinauralfilms,withtwo soundtracksandtworeproducers.oneoneachsideofthe screen.Abandmarchingacross thescreenwillbeheardfirston onesidethentheother.Dialogueswillcomefromthelips oftherespectivespeakers.I believethatanelaboratenew theatreisplannedtopresent thislateststereophonicrecording.

Iwonderifwarmovieswillbe popularafterthisnewrecording hasbeenintroduced.Atpresentsoundsofshellfireand otherexplosionshavetobe greatlyreducedinthistypeof film,sometimestoaslittleas one-hundredthoftheirvolume, sothattheywillnotruinthe theatreprojectorordeafenthe audience.

THEWAYTOTHESTARS

Attendingahugemetropolitancinema,asoldierwastaken inhandbyareluctantusherwho ledhimskywardonrampafter tamptothetopbalcony,where hestoppedandpointedupwards intothedarkness:"You'llfind aseatuptheresomewhere.This isasfarasIgo.Abovethis levelmynosebleeds."

FILMMARKETCHALLENGE.

Onlyafoolwoulddenythat Britishfilmshaveatlastthrown outaseriouschallengetoHolly wood.In1946itwassaidon goodauthoritythatduringthe yearBritishfilmshadtaken moremoneyoutofthepockets ofAmericanaudiencesthan theyhadeverdonebefore.Britishfilmsin1946wouldmakeapproximately£2,656,250 from America.Thiswasfourtimes asmuchastheytookin1945.

Thefamousfilmmagnate,Mr. SamGoldwyn,recentlymade thispertinentobservation:"BritishfilmsmayprovidewhatHollywoodneedstostiritoutofits fat-catcomplacency. Times havechanger,butHollywood hasn't.Ithasrunoutofideas. It'slivingonborrowedtime, andborrowedideasfromthe past."

DEFINITION.

0011

AquinasCollegeMagazine

TheAquinasCollegeMagazinefor1946isaproductionof some80pagesofheavyart paper,richlyandprofuselyillustrated.Itrepresentsagenerouseffortonthepartofthe ServicePrintingCoy.,Ltd., whosehead,Mr.A.D.Scott,is alsoPresidentoftheAquinas OldBoys'Association.

Threefull-pagecolourplates -Murillo'sMadonnaandChild, HisEminenceCardinalGilroy, andHisGraceArchbishopPren-diville-adorntheCollegemagazine,andtherearealsofullpageblackandwhiteillustrations,includingoneofSt. ThomasAquinas.

Muchoftheletterpresscomes fromthepensofmembersof theCollegeMagazineCommittee.Itispleasingtonotethat thestudentshavetakenanactivepartincompilingtheirown annual.

InhisreporttheHeadmaster, Rev.BrotherT.B.Garvey,laid stressontheneedforreligion ineducation.Hesaid:"Tothe menofFaith,theonegreat TeacherisChrist.Hislessons governthewholelifeofman. Heeducatedforthewell-being ofbodyandsoulfortimeand eternity.Histeachingcan neverbereplaced.HisSermon ontheMountcanneverbeexcelled.

"Aneducationsystemthat doesnotembodytheteachingof ChristcannotbecalledChristianeducation,andisfarfrom beingworthyofthenoblestof God'screatures."

TheLieutenant-Governor,Sir JamesMitchell,K.C.M.G.,and ladyMitchellwerepresentat theAnnualDistributionofPrizes.AlsopresentwereanumberoftheclergyandmanyOld Boysandparents.

TheCollegeMagazineisaninterestingrecordoftheyear's achievementsinallbranchesof learning,cultureandsport-and itiseasytoseethattheseachievementsareimpressive.As pointedoutintheForeword,etstoryisalwaysinthemaking; therefore,thisAquinasAnnual mayberegardedasapieceof thehistoryoftheChurchin W.A.atthedawnofitssecond cCentenaryntury.Incidentally,lastyear's Celebrationsarerecalledpictorially onseveral pages.Specialmention,too,is madeofvocationstothePriesthoodandreligiouslife.

OldStuff.

"Bill,"saidhiswife,"let'sgo tothetheatre. Ihearthata newshowstartsthereto-night."

"Allright,Sal,"agreedBill, "Idon'tmindseeinganewshow. Let'sgetready!"

Arrivedatthetheatre,Bill staredupataposter,then frownedaccusinglyathiswife.

"Thoughtyousaiditwasa newshowstartingto-night, Sal?"hegrowled."Why,it's beenherenearlyafortnight!"

Andhepointedatriumphant fingerattheposterwhichannounced:"Shakespeare'sgreat play-TwelfthNight.'"

SOMERVILLEAUDITORIUM

TheAdult Education Board presents

THEGUILDOFYOUNGARTISTS.

MarjorieFilby,GwenRead,JoyEdgar BrendaCullity,MargaretJones,Ailsa Rae,WendyTyler,NoreenEdwards, JeanDingwall,PamelaKott,Gwen Thomas,and STEPHENDORNAN(Pianist), GuestArtist. inanEveryman'sMusicRecital. Saturday,February22,at8.15p.m.

Res.:4/1,3/1; 2/6.PlannowopenatNicholson's.

"Ihaveforgotmuch,Cynara! gonewiththewind, Flungroses,rosesriotouslywith thethrong, Dancing,toputthypale,lost liliesoutofmind."

"SNAFU."

Thisfilmisacomedywitha seriouspurpose.Manyofthe situations,althoughexaggerated,areveryfunnyinplaces,but onefeelsthatunderneathitall anattempthasbeenmadeto wrestlewithaproblem-the growingunrestanddissatisfactionoftheyoungergeneration ofAmericanswiththingsas theyare.Thesituationin questionistheproblemconfrontingonesetofparentsin theireffortstoadjustthemselvestotheirsoldiersonreturned fromthefightingzonewhenthe Armydiscoveredhewasonly sixteen.

Itisdisappointingtohaveto recordthatportionsofthedia-

Imaginationiswhatyouneed whenaFrenchkinginatalkie AmericanisedEnglish. 100.116.36363001301M,16.106.16136,101.14301

RACINGSELECTIONS

By"THEHAWK." W.A.T.C.

Saturday,February15,1947.

SpearwoodHandicap:Lyric Maid,1;Solyolist,2;Shonner,3.

EncourageHandicap:Thunder Leo,1;Myth.Prince,2;Wonlass,3.

LeightonHandicap:Skyborne, 1;Mion,2;PantoBoy,3.

HamiltonMaiden:Thunder Leo,1;Wonlass,2;IrishAce,3.

DarlingtonHandicap:Mor Veil,1;Reynaud,2;GayTreat, 3.

GlenForrestHandicap(2): Brazos,1;Olyatic,2;Topliner, 3.

GlenForrestHandicap(1): DarkBrocade,1;Yoantee,2; Starry,3.

CompletelyReadyfor your1947KnittingRequirements

Don'ttheseasonswhizzaround!Onceagain it'stimetogetoutyourknittingneedlesand startworkonthosenewwoolliesyou'llwantfor thisAutumnandWinter.Ahern's,ofcourse, havealltheaccesoriesyou'llrequire. The newKnittingWoolsbyPaton's,Sunglo,Lincoln Mills,Excelsior, thelatestKnittingBooks, Needles,KnittingBags,Rug-MakingAccesories. MakeAhern's yourheadquartersforKnitting needsthisseason.

ACTIVITIES

DiocesanHeadquarters: NationalMutualBuildings,81St. George'sTerrace,Perth.

'Phone:B2646.

SUMMERSCHOOL

HadGovernorPhillipforeseen theactivitieswhichagreater partofthepopulationwould cramintotheall-too-short-day commemoratingthathistoricoccasionwhenheofficiallyclaimed AustraliaacolonyoftheBritishEmpire,thensurelyhisjob musthavebeenahappyone.

InNewSouthWales,AustraliaDay,1947,willbelookedupon bycricketenthusiastsasaday offailure,whilstthesamesectionofthecommunityinVictoriawillrememberitastheera oftheSheffieldShieldvictory. Queenslanderswillnodoubtrememberitbybeachpartiesand swelteringheat,whilstSouth Australiansmustrememberitas "thatdayourDondidn'triseto theoccasion."Alargesection oftheWestAustralianpublic will,Ifeelsure,rememberitby theAustralianamateurathletic championships,buttoeachand everymemberoftheY.C.W.it willliveasthefinaldayofthe secondsuccessfulLeaders'Conferenceandtherealbeginning oftheyear'swork.

TheSchoolwasheldatAquinas College,anddealtexclusively withtheleaderandhisdutiestowardstheparishbranchandthe Movement.Thedailyroutine consistedof:

7.30a.m.:Morningprayer andHolyMass.

8.15a.m.:Breakfast.

9.30a.m.:Conference.

10.30am.:MorningTea

11a.m.:Conference.

12.30p.m.:Dinner.

5,30p.m.:RosaryandBenediction.

6p.m.:Tea.

7p.m.:Conference.

8p.m.:SocialActivities.

Spiritualtalksweregivenby theattendingpriests:

PrayerintheLifeofaLeader:FatherDepiazzi.

ConfessionintheLifeofa Leader:FatherJ.Lynch.

TheMassintheLifeofa Leader:Dr.Sullivan.

Lecturesweregivenbyselectedmembers,afterwhichthe classbrokeupintogroups,discussedthelecture,thenreturnedandofferedmoresuggestions orenlargedonpointswhichwere consideredunderrated.Rev.Dr. Sullivansummedupeachlec-

tureandexplained-anypointson whichthememberswereinclinedtobehazy.Inall,fivelecturesweregiven,thetitlesand lecturersbeing:

TheLeaderandGospelMeditation:TerryDaly.

TheLeaderandtheEnquiry: EricCatlin.

TheLeader,theParishBranch. andtheMovement:BernieHanson.

TheLeaderandtheTeams' System:RogerRyan.

TheLeaderandtheGeneral BranchMeeting:GerardLyons.

Theweek-endwasnotentirely devotedtowork,andmorethan afewhourswerespentonthe tenniscourtsandcricketpitch, intheriver,orwalkingthrough thebush,whilstthelessenergeticmembersplayedafewhard gamesofcardsbeforeindulging inthatfamousAustralianpastimeofspine-bashing.

Inall,64members,representingelevenofthestrongestbran. chesintheMetropolitanarea, attendedandeverymemberleft theschoolconfidentthatthe week-endwasmorethanworth thetrouble.Itwillbeapityif theworkplannedbytheleaders cannotbecarriedout,soanappealismadetoeachandevery memberoftheY.C.W.to,cooperatewiththeleaders,asitis onlybysuchthattheMovement willexpand.

Itwouldindeedbebadmannersifwedidnotthankthose whohelpedtomaketheSummer Schoolsuchasuccess,soonbehalfofallwhoattended.Iwish tothanktheBrothers,whoso willinglythrewopentheCollege tous;theMatronantiherstaff, fortheefficientwaytheyhandledthemeals;FatherDepiazzi, foractingasChaplain,andlastlytoMr.JohnSullivan,forarrangingtheconcertpartyon Sundaynight.

ATHLETICS.

DouglasShield.

Wewantallourteamtoturn outonSaturdays,15th.and 22nd.inst.,fortheLieut.DouglasMemorialShieldCompetition.

Championships.

TheY.C.W.AthleticClub Championshipswillbeheldon Saturday,March15,andpossibly the22nd.Wehaveappliedto thePerthCityCouncilforthe useofLeedervilleOvalonMarch 22,andareawaitingtheirreply.

Theentriesreceivedindicate thatkeencompetitionwillbethe orderoftheday.Thesenior championshiplookslikebeingin doubttillthelastevent,with suchbrilliantall-roundersas BrianMurphy,LaurieRyan, GeoffWorner,andLeoHickey, competing. Thejuniorall-roundchampion athletecouldbeanyonefrom amongBilldeGruchy,Des.Reed,

JohnParker,andperhapsother "(larkhorses." Akeeneventwillbethejuniormile.PatHickey(Subiaco' andJimWaters(Leederville' bothshowgoodformoverdistanceevents,andtheraceissure tobeveryexciting,asneither oftheseboyshavemetonthe trackbefore.

TerryWoodthorpehadanother strokeofbadluck.Heinjured hiskneewhenhefellinthe120 yardshurdlesafewweeksago, andcannotnowchallengetherecordnextSaturday.Hemaybe fitfortheY.C.W.championships.

WehavepleasureinwelcomingMurrayBridgewoodtoour team.Hehasbeenrunningfor usforthelastfewweeks.and showsgoodformoverthe100 yards,220yards,and440yards.

Nextweektheprogrammefor theY.C.W.AthleticClubchampionshipswillprobablybecompletedandpublishedinthesecolumns.Forfurtherinformation writeorseeJohnSutherland, c/oD.I.S.C.A.,NationalMutual Buildings,81St.George'sTerrace,Perth.

LEEDERVILLEBRANCH.

Tennis.

EveryThursdaynightthereis tennisattheLoftusParkCourts inBourke-street. Dances.

Ournextdancewillbeheldon the21st.inst.

Cricket.

Nowthatthecricketseasonis drawingtoaclose,afewwords ofappreciationcanbesaidfor FredClarke(captain)andFred Fergusson(vice-captain).Both theseboyshaveundertakentheir dutiesverycapablyandconscientiously.Theyhavegoneto lotsoftroubleinarrangingfixturesandpractices,andtheir managementofaffairsingeneralhasbeenmostefficientand satisfactory.

Athletics.

TheLeedervilleathleticteam intheinter-branchcompetition consistsofBilldeGruchy(captain),TerryWoodthorpe,Jim Waters,LesGirault,andLionel Roberts.Althoughsmallin numbers,thisteamisquitepowerfulinabilityandwillnotbe farfromthetopinpoints.

CATHEDRALBRANCH.

TheRockinghamexpeditionlast

Sundaywasabumpersuccess. Thecrowdenjoyedthemselves mostlybyswimmingandboating,butsomehardysortstrekkedtoKwininaandback.

Ahighlightoftheafternoon wasaquarter-miledashalong thebeach,inwhichourathletic teamhadachancetotrytheming-upofthecrowdonceagain. Thefloorwasingoodcondition andallenjoyedthenight.Our beachnightwasalsosuccessful.

THESCAPULAR

"OURLADY'SNATIONALMAGAZINE" 6d.singlecopy;3/6ayearposted.Bulkratesonapplication. OrderfromanyBookseller,ChurchStall,PressSquad,or directfromTHESCAPULAR,75WrightStreet,MiddlePark, S.C.6,Vic.,Aust.(MX.5533).

TelegraphicAddress:"Whitefriars,Melb." February-MarchissueNowAvailable.

selvesout.Theeventwaswon bya"darkhorse"fromLeederville. Allintendingcompetitorsin theinter-branchathleticcompetitionareaskedtocontact.Peter Hoyne.

SUBIACOBRANCH.

Dance.

OnSaturday,February1,our usualfortnightlydancewasheld, andthenight,beingrathercoolerthanusual,therewasabuild-

MidlandVisit.

InconnectionwiththeY.C.W. indoorcompetition,theSubiaco branchvisitedMidlandJunction Branchon20th.ult.Wehada verygoodtime,thankstoMidland'spreparation,andour thanksmustgotoourhostsfor thewelcome;alsotoMr.Kelly, whofilledinatthelastminute andsolvedourtransportdifficulties.WelookforwardtoseeingMidlandatSubiaco,andthus haveachancetoreciprocate theirhospitality.

SummerSchool.

Justinpassing,itwasgratifyingtoseesomanySubiacochaps attheCollegefortheSummer School,andtheydidn'tseemto regardthetimeasmisspent.

CLAREMONTBRANCH.

TheClarfmontbranchresumedtheirweeklymeetingsonFridaynight,31st.ult.Ournew presidentisBillDuxbury,and DennisSullivanhastakenBill's formerpositionofsecretary.We wishthemeverysuccessintheir newcapacities.Ourfortnightlydanceswillresumeshortly.

Cricket.

OnSunday,2nd.inst.,ClaremontbranchagainmetanddefeatedLeederville.Leederville battedfirst,andweredismissed for52.Leederville'sbestbatsmanwasG.Boylan.BestbowlersforClaremontwere: M. Foley(4for12)andA.Downie (2for2).Claremontbatted andpassedLeeedrville'sscore withfivewicketsinhand.Best batsmanwasA.Downie,who scored26.Leederville'sbest bowlerwasF.Ferguson,who; tookfivewickets.

National Catholic Girls' MOVEMENT

DIOCESANHEADQUARTERS, 81St.George'sTerace,Perth. B2546. Pleasenotelistofmeetingsto heheldatDiocesan ters.Thismonth: ExecutiveMeeting:February24, at8p.m. N1acianLodgeCommitteeMeeting:Wednesday,February19, at6p.m. Leaders'Retreat.

TherewillbeaLeaders'RetreatatMarianLodgeonthe 22nd.and23rd.inst.AllLeaders'Groupsdesiringtoattend theRetreat,shouldcontactHeadquartersimmediately,asarrangementsforcatering,etc., willhavetobeattendedto. CardEvening.

Abridge,euchreandrummy eveningwillbeheldintheCathedralHallonWednesday, 19th.inst.,at8p.m.,inaidof MarianLodge.Tickets,priced at2s.,areavailableatHeadquarters.

CATHEDRALBRANCH.

Thenextgeneralmeetingwill beheldasusualintheCathedral Hallat8p.m.onFebruary18, atwhichwehopetomakefinal plansforatheatrenight.There willbebasketball,badminton, andtennisdrillagain,sobring yoursandshoes

Activities.

Thecombinedpicnicorganised bytheY.C.W.andN.C.G.M.to Rockinghamon9th.inst.,was mostsuccessful,andindicates thatmorepicnicswillbeapopulararrangement.

Dance.

HeldeachalternateFriday night,andnowbeingorganised byacombinedYC.W.-N.C.G.M. committee,wewantthisdanceto improve,andsoN.C.G.M.membersarerequestedtotakeakeenerinterestandtobringtheir friends.Thecommitteehave arrangedforanewbandatthe CathedralHallon21st.inst.

SUBIACOBRANCH.

InitiationCeremony.

Abouttwentygirlswillreceivetheirbadgesataceremonywhichwilltakeplaceon Sundayevening,the23rd.inst., duringDevotions.Rev.Dr.Sullivanwillbepresent.AllmembersoftheMovement,aswellas theirparentsandfriends,areinvitedtobepresentatthisceremony,andalsoatthesocialin St.Joseph'sHallafterwards. Choir. Allmembersofthechoirare requestedtobeatchoirpractice onSunday,the16th.inst,after Devotions,intheHall.Itwill beaspecialpracticeforthesocialonthefollowingSunday.

HIGHGATEHILLBRANCH.

GeneralMeeting.

Thenextgeneralmeetingwill beheldintheHighgateParish Hallon20th.inst.Thisisa veryimportantmeeting,and everymemberisexpectedtoattend,asthewholefutureofthe branchdependsonit.

Tennis.

Tennisisstillbeingheldevery Sundaymorningat10.30inthe HighSchoolgrounds.

Ballet.

AsMissShirleyLoveisin hospital,thegirlswillbedoing P.T.untilsheiswellagain, whichweallhopewillbevery soon.

FREMANTLEBRANCH. Social.

Ournextsocialwillbeheld onthe25th.inst. Dance.

Inspiteofthehotweather. ourdancesareholdingtheirown. January31sawquitealarge gatheringfromtheparishesin theimmediatevicinity.Our nextwillbeheldon27th.inst. OurNewInterest.

Forsometimepastwehave beentryingtoarrangethefirst visitofsomeofourmembersto theRoomswithoutanorganised tourofinspection.Alsoquite afewinourbrancharekeenon aDiscussionGroup.It'snot halfasformidableasitsounds, Asamatteroffactsomeone brightlycalleditthe"knit,natterantinourishmentclub,"and that'snotabadnameforit. Wednesday,19th.inst.,issetfor ourfirstventure.

LEEDERVILLEBRANCH.

Rehearsals.

OnSundaynight,afterDevotions(Feb.16)allmembersof thechorus,balletandallprincipalsareexpectedintheHall, asthescriptistoberunstraight through.

Tennis.

OnThursdayevenings,between8o'clockand11o'clock, theWorthyParkCourts(Bourke street)aretherendezvousfor ourtennisplayersfromboth N.C.G.M.andY.C.W.Thisactivityisverypopular,andall new-comersfindthemselvesvery welcome.

BranchMeeting.

Thenextgeneralmeetingwill beheldonWednesday,February 19;physicaltrainingat7.45 p.m.beforethemeeting.

TheN.C.G.M.-Y.C.W.combinedrally,whichwasheldon3rd. inst.,wasagreatsuccess,thedebate-boysversusgirls-being oneofthehighlightsoftheeveningThesubjectofthedebate was:"IsChivalryDead?"and astheboyswereungallant enoughtowin.we'restillabit undecided.Howeverthegirls cameoutontopinthequizz,so thatsortofevenedthingsup.

ACHANCETOWIN.

Buya"Charities"ticket,and themomentyou'reinyouhave achancetowin.Everyticket holderhasanequalchance.No. 253Consultationisopen.First prizeis13,000.

Phone13. Box114. AustraliaHotel

MaristBrotherBackFromEurope

"AustraliansHaveaLottobe

Rev.BrotherAlbertus,ofthestaffofSt.Ildephonsus'College,NewNorcia,wasamemberoftheAustraliandelegation totheGeneralChapteroftheMaristBrothers'Order,recently heldinTurin.Onhisre:urntoPerthhewasinterviewedfor "TheRecord"byRONALDEVANS,B.A.,aformerstudentof St.Ildephonsus'College.BrotherAlbertuswashorninthis State.HehastaughtextensivelythroughouttheAustralian Province.

TwentyyearsagoIhada schoolboy'shealthyregard foravolcanicyoungteacher whoserightarmknewhow toriseandfallinrhythmic destruction,andinwhose eyeburnedoffensivelya passionfortruthandjustice..

Irememberhehadacraze,too, forphotography.Hisbedroomcum-studio,whereheworkedenthusiastically,wasattheendof acorridorleadingtoNo.2dor mitory,St.Ildephonsus'College. NewNorcia;andbecauseIhad tosleepsomewhereitregularly fellmylottopadsoftlywithinthehallowedprecinctsofthe master'sroom,neverknowing quitewhatmyreactionwouldbe ifthedoorweretoburstopen suddenlyandfiery"Bert"himselfstandonthethreshold.

Sucharethewaysofyouth.A fewdaysagoIsatateasebefore thesameBrotherAlbertuswho,beforehejoinedtheMaristsin1917,wasBillSellinger, ofFremantle,sonoftheChief InspectorofPolice-andheard himrelateinmildandfriendly fashionthestoryofhisrecent Europeanjourney."Mild"is perhapsamisleadingword,for althoughthemellowingyears haveroundedhimoutand smoothedhimover,thereisstill nonoticeablediminutionofardourineitherhisvoiceorhis glance.Proofofhisstability andofthehighesteemheenjoys withintheMaristOrderwashis selectionfromamongthe364 BrothersoftheAustralianProvincetobeoneofthreedelegatestotheGeneralChapterof hisOrderheldinTurinlastyear.

TheothersfromAustraliawere Bro.Placidus(Provincial)and Bro,.Cyprian,ofSt.Patrick's College,Sale,Victoria.

WorkoftheChapter.

TheGeneralChapterofthe MaristBrothers'Orderisnormallyheldeverytwelveyears, whenanewSuperior-General andeightAssistant-Generalsare electedbydelegatesassembled fromallovertheworld,andopportunityistakentoreviewand, isnecessary,amendtheConstitution,RulesandStatutesofthe Order.Owingtothewar,a periodoffourteenyearselapsed betweenthelasttwoChapters.

TheOrderwasfoundedin FrancebyFatherMarcellin Champagnatin1817,inanswer tothecryingneedforCatholic educationfollowingtheravages oftheNapoleonicWars.Itis remarkablethatthisyoung priestshouldhavefounded,only sixmonthsafterhisordination, ateachingOrderwhichnow numbers11,000initsranks,and isspreadthroughouttheworld in29provincesand2sub-provinces.IntheAustralianProvincethereare44houses.Itis expectedthatbeatificationofthe VenerableMarcellinChampagnatwillnotbelongdelayed.The CauseofBrotherFrancois,one ofthefounder'searlycompanlens,isalsoprogressingsatisfactorily.

DiscussingtherecentGeneral Chapter,Bro.Albertussaidthat 99ontof101delegateswerepresent.Theabsenteeswerethe delegatesfromGermany,who werenotabletoattend.He saidthatoutof350Brothers whowereinGermanybeforethe waronly21remained,andthey wereinpoorhealth.Theofficiallanguageoftheconference

REV.BROTHERALBERTUS.

wasFrench;but45differentlanguagescouldhavebeenspoken, andontheopeningdayspeeches were,infact,deliveredin22 tongues.ThenewSuperior-General,Bro.Leonidas,aFrenchIran,wasabrilliantlinguistand amannotedforhisadministrativeability.Forthepast twentyyearshehadshonein theMexicanscene,andhehad handledthedifficultsituation duringthepersecutionwith suchconspicuoussuccessthat theOrderinMexicohademergedactuallystrongerthanever. Bro.Leonidasisagedabout sixty,whichiscomparatively youngforaSuperior-General.

"Hesteppedintohispredecessor'sshoesveryeasilyandnaturally,"saidBro.Albertus."We allfeltwereallyhadachief."

AlthoughtheMotherHouseof theOrderisinFrance,atLyons, the1946GeneralChapter,was heldinItaly,atTurin.TheBrothershaveresortedtothismeeting-placeonotheroccasions when,foronereasonoranother, ithasbeeninconvenientto gatherattheMotherHouse. TheyfirstwenttoTurinwhen, in1903,allthereligiousOrders wereexpelledfromFrance.The choiceofTurinjustnowmaynot beunconnectedwiththepresent disproportionateamountofantiSpanishfeelinginFrance.

ThirteenSpanishBrothersattendedtheconference.They wereapparentlyunanimousin theirsupportofFrancd,whom theypraisedforgivingthecountrystabilityandsoundgovernment.TheMaristBrotherscontributedaltogether217martyrs totheSpanishholocaust;oneof thedelegateswaswithinanace ofmakingthenumber218,and hasneverceasedtoregretthat hemissedthemartyr'scrown.

Questionedonthetangibleresultsofthisinternationalparley, Bro.Alhertussaidthat,apart fromrevisionoftheRules,discussioncoveredsuchtopicsas thetrainingoftheBrothers,the generaleducationalset-upin eachcountry,ex-students'associations,andtherelationofeducationtoCatholicAction.Nine committeeshadinvestigatedsuch subjectsindetail,andtwospecificresolutionsofgeneralinterestwere:

P.H.JAMES

QUALITYBUTCHER,50HamptonRd.,Beaconsfield. PHONEL2492 FORPRIMESTQUALITYMEAT. YourRecommendationAppreciated.

ThankfulFor"

1.Thattheyearsofprides. sionaltrainingforaMarist Brotherheextendedinorder tomeetmoderndemands.

2.Thatcardinalimportance beattachedtothemaintenanceofprimaryparochial schools.

TheGeneralChapterlasted about3!:weeks.Itopenedwith asixdays'Retreatpreachedby theVicar-GeneraloftheOblate Fathers,andrigorousspiritual exerciseswerefollowedthroughutthewholedurationofthe conference.

TheSceneinEurope.

TheAustraliandelegationproceededtoEuropebysea,andexperienceddelayingettingaway. recallthatmidwaythrough lastyeartheOldBoysofNew Norciaarrangedadinnerforthe teachingstaffofS.I.C.,theguest ofhonourtobeBro.Albertus. Weweregoingtofarewellhim ingrandstyleandcelebratethe -ignalhonourthathadcomeNew Norcia'sway.Wehadtotoast himinabsentia,for.atthelast momenthewaswhiskedaway fromustojointhe"Moreton Bav"on"t'otherside."They sailedonJuly28with500prisonersofwarandanumberof clericalstudentsforPropaganda College.TheyreachedNaples onAugust28.

At,a"WelcomeHome"dinner recently,Bro.Albertusgave membersoftheOldBoys'AssociationhisimpressionsofEurope.

"Weweredismayed,"hesaid, "bythescenesofsuffering andprivationthatabounded everywhere.Fromthemomentweenteredtheonce magnificentharbour of Naplesandsawthedoomed shipsandbrokenchimney stacksthatgreetedus,we wereoppressedbytheairof miserythatto-dayhangs overEurope.Itisthesame problemineverycountryfood.Allthelaughterhas goneoutofthepeopleof Italy-youcannothemerry onanemptystomach."

Thespeakersaidthatalight 3-courseluncheon,servedwith wine-theContinentaldrinkcost18s.to22s.inItaly;in Francethesamemealcost25s.

to30s.TheItalianlabourer's wageswereabout300lireper day,and900lireequalled£1. Onecigarettecost20lire.Wages inItalywerepeggedatpre-war level,butcommoditieskeeprisinginprice.InFrancewages wereabout300francsperday, and500francsequalled£1.A breakfastofcoffeeandrollsin Italycosttheequivalentof4s 6(1;mostItaliansexistedon4or 5figsforbreakfast,andlivedin bombedtenementhouses.Sugar was£1perlb.,andcoffee£25s perlb.Meatwasveryseldom seen,andfootwearwasscarce andexpensive.

Touchingonthefoodsituation inEngland,Bro.Albertussaid thatmeat,sugar,butterandflour wereseverelyrationed.The meatrationallowedaboutone chopperpersonperweek.Jam wasrationedbecauseofitssugar content,andranoutatabout lib.perpersonpermonth.Soap wasseverelyrationedbecauseof theshortageoffats.Lollies wererationedbecauseoftheir sugarcontent.

Askedaboutevidenceofblack marketinEurope,Bro.Albertus saidthathehadnoevidenceto offer,butwasconvincedthata hugeblackmarketwasoperating,particularlyinFrance.The shopsthereseemedtohave plentyoffood,butthepoorpeoplewerenotgettingit.Condensedmilk,forexample,requiredamedicalcertificate.

TheItalianswerenotonlyhungry,butbitteraboutthewanton destructionthathadbeencarried outbytheretreatingGermans. Insomeplacesanti-American feelingranprettyhigh,too-in Pompeii,forexample,where heavybombardmentofancient relicscutdeepintothenational sentiment.Allalongthepeninsulathereweregrimreminders ofthefrightfulhavocwrought bywar.

ThePope.

InRome,Bro.AlbertussawII Papa.Hejoinedabandof1,000 schoolteachers,oneofthenumerousgroupsofpeoplefromall walksoflifewhodailypress soundtheVaticanforaPapal audience.Hisdescriptionofthe HolyFathertallieswiththe imagealreadyengravedonevery loyalCatholicheart.

"Tallerthanaverage-thinner thanaverage.Compelling eyes.Marvellousgesticulation.Hespokefornearly anhour,exhortingteachers topermeateeverythingwith theCatholicmind.Hevigorouslyopposedthepresent moveinItalytosecularise education,divorcingreligion fromtheschools.Itwas anunforgettableexperience." Thespeakerremarkedonthe extraordinaryattitudeofthe Italianstowardstheirreligion. Ortheonehandtherewasintensepersonalloyaltytothe Pope,andaparticulareagerness onthepartofpeopleoutside Rometoconversewithanyone whohadrecentnewsoftheHoly Father;ontheotherhand,there wasamarkedslacknessinprac- ticalobservanceofreligion amongthepeople,andadisturbinglaissez-faireattitudetowards theencroachingevilofCommunism.Bro.Albertusattri-

butedthereversesideofthis paradoxtotheweakeningofCatholiceducationundertheFascistregime.Wehadalotto bethankfulforinAustralia.In fact,nowhereontheContinent hadheseenanythingapproachingtheexcellentsystemofparo- chialeducationinAustralia.One hadtogotoIrelandtofindits equal.InIrelandthedevotion ofthepeopletothefaithofour fatherswasarealtonic.There thedailyMasswashonouredby largeattendances.OnlyatBrig, inSwitzerland,hadhebeensimilarlyedifiedbythestrengthand fervouroflocalCatholics. Bro.Albertuscoveredagood dealofgroundonhistrip.From NapleshewenttoRome,Florence,Venice,Milan,Turin,Switzerland,France(hewasat Lourdesforfive(lays),England, ScotlandandIreland.Hesawno miraclesatLourdes,butwasaffectedbywhathetermed"afeelingofthevisiblepresenceofOur Lady."Hevisitedanumberof famousandhistoricspotsinEurope,andtotellofallhistravels andexperienceswouldentaila storywellbeyondthescopeof thisarticle.Hefinallyleft Londononthe"DominionMonarch,"andreturnedtoMelbourne viatheCapeofGoodHope.The voyagefromCapeTowntoMelbourneoccupiedonly14days, which,understand,isarecord.

CommunistSpiesBetrayedAn

ustratianConvoy

SeniorAustralianCensorRevealsTreachery

LivesofAustraliansoldiers wereendangeredwhen,during thewar,AustralianCommunist agentsillegallytransmitteddetailsofconvoysailingstoMoscow,theSeniorAustralianCensor,E.C.Landeman,hasrevealedinanAustralianBroadcastingCommissiontalk.InoneinstanceMoscowRadiobroadcast inEnglishdetailsgivingthe ship'sname,therouteitwas taking,itsdestination,Singapore,andthefactthatitwas carryingtroops. Fortunatelyalastminutedecisionalteredtheroute,otherwisethousandsofAustralian homesmighthavehadloved onestomournasaresultofGermanorJapaneseactionaided bythisinformation.

"CommunistsAgainstUs"

Mr.Landemanpointedoutthat theonlypurposeofthecensorshipwastopreventdisseminationofnewsofvaluetotheenemyor,likelytoendangerAustralianlivesorthewareffort. Yethesaid:"TheCommunist partyinparticularwasagainst us.NotonlyagainstPostand Telegraphiccensorship,butall formsofit.TheCommunists sentoutcircularsinthousands protestingagainstwhatthey affirmedwasaridiculousand lyingcensorship.

EvadedCensorship

ObviouslyCommunistagents inAustraliaevadedthecensorship,andusingshort-wavetransmitters,sentinformationtoRussia,thusenablingMoscowto broadcastasshownabove.

Australianswillfeelnosurpriseattheserevelations.HerbertMorrison,BritishLabour MinisterforHomeandSecurity, hasrevealedthecasesofespionageinEnglandbySovietspies, includingthenationalorganiser oftheBritishCommunistParty, duringthewar.TheCanadian AtomBombSpyTrialsalso showedthatCommunistagents willbetraytheircountrywillingly.

QuislingsinHighPositions

EveninAustraliakeypositions intheCommonwealthserviceare heldbymenwhoseloyiltyis firsttotheforeignideologythey profess.

Mr.Landemanafterreferring tothemannerinwhichMoscow was"tippedoff"abouttheconvoy,concludedwiththissignificantremark.

"Isometimeswonderwhether todayMoscowisnotbeingtipped offabouttheindustrialdisturbancestakingplaceinAustralia."

Mr.Landemandoesnotwonder;heknows.

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No.33BARRACKSTREET,PERTH W.L.CARTER,Manager.

AUSTRALASIANCATHOLICASSURANCE Co.,Ltd. ASSETSEXCEED£2,000,000. SAFEGUARDTHEFUTURE. Effectan"A.CA."PolleynowandshareintheCompany'sprosperity,asPolicyholdersreceiveatleast90percent,oftheprofits. HEADOFFICE:A.C.A.BUILDING,66KINGSTREET,SYDNEY. P.J.RYAN,9ceretary,D.J.MOONEY,ManagingDirector.

BRANCHOFFICES: VICTORIA: A.C.A.Building,118.126Queen Street,Melbourne. CA.ADAMS,ResidentSecretary. SOUTHAUSTRALIA. BankofN.S.W.Chambers,42King WilliamStreet,Adelaide. W.GILROY,ResidentSecretary.

QUEENSLAND: A.C.A.Building,270-272Queen Street,Brisbane. R.F.licHUGH,ResidentSecretary WESTERNAUSTRALIA: WarwickHouse,St.George'sTerrace,Perth. P.ENGLEBRECHT,Resident Secretary.

TheManontheLand

Mgr.Ligutti'sTriumph

WithGraingerHomestead Project

ThearrivalinAustraliarecentlyofMgr.LuigiLigutti,founder ofthefamousGrangerHomesteadproject,andexecutivesecretaryoftheAmericanNationalCatholicRuralLifeConference,is aneventofuncommoninteresst,andthefollowingarticleby EdwardSkillininanoverseasmagazine,tellssomethingofa remarkableexperiment.

ThetownofGrangerlies abouttwenty-threemilesnorthwestofDesMoines,ontheDes Moines,FortDodgeandSouthernInter-urbanRailway(locally knownastheToonervilleTrolley).Ifyoudrivebycar,asI did,youfollowforseveralmiles anoldmilitaryroadoffrontier days,pastmodernFortDodge, whichinthelastwarhadacapacityofeightythousandmen. Beyondthatyouapproachthe townofGrangerthroughatypicalIowalandscape,whichatthis timeofyearconsistslargelyof longstretchesof"blackvelvet" soil,vestigesoflastyear'scornstalksandscatteredfarm buildings.

Homesteads.

Justoutsidethevillageitself, notmorethanamileanda quarterdistantatthefarthest point,lietheGrangerhomesteads.Andthreemilesbeyondstandthecoalmineandthe miningcamp,whichwasformerlytheabodeofmanyofthe presenthomesteaders.Evenin itspresentstateofdisrepair,the campdoesnotlooknearlyasdesolateasmanyotherAmerican miningcommunities.Significantlyenough,itliesdirectly acrossanarrowdirtroadfrom alongsweepofrichcornfields.

ThecompanyhousesatReserve Mines,NovaScotia,ortheslums youcanseeacrossthetracksin almostanyAmericancity,look moredisreputablethanthe Grangerminingcamp.Butthe shacksareoftheflimsiest,and impossibletokeepwarminwinter.

Coal-miningcampsorrowsof companyhousesareproductsof theconditionsofanearlierday. Whenunemploymentwasnot chronic,theownerofferedhomes atlowrentsasanaddedinducementtoprospectivemine-workers.Transportationwassucha problemthatminershadtolive

withineasywalkingdistanceof thepits.Oncesettlednearthe mine,theworkersbecamecompletelydependentontheowner. Theycouldnotevendecidehow theirwagesshouldbespent. Fromtheirmeagre,hard-earned wagesweredeductedrent,the costofwood(itwasbrought fromacompanystore),feesfor mediealattention,etc.The Grangerminingcampwasnoexceptiontothisstateofpoverty, squalor,humanhelplessnessand lowmorale.

GovernmentAid.

TheGrangerhomesteadswere startedtorescuethiscommunity.FatherLuigiLiguttipersuadedthetr-ederalGovernment topurchasetwohundredand twenty-fiveacresanderectfifty homesonplotsoffromthreeto eightacres.Five-roomedhouses, whichcomprisetwo-thirdsof thehomes,werebuiltfor1,800 dollarsapiece.One-quarterwere six-roomed,one-tenthhadfour rooms.Theyareofsturdy frameconstruction,andare whiteorcreamincolour.All roomshavecrossventilation, andeachhousehasafurnace, hot-waterheaterandothermodernconveniences.Thirty-eight oftheseplaceshavegaragesfor thefamilycar;twelvehave barnsinstead.Bypayingthe Governmentfrom13.50dollars to15.00dollarsamontheach familybeganbuyingitshome outright.Thismonthlyfigure a-ascompiledonathirty-year basistoincludeinterestand amortisation.butcontractsata highermonthlyfigurearetobe drawnupforhomesteaderswho wanttoownhouseandlotfree andclearinamuchshortertime. interestisfiguredat3percent. Paymentshavebeenabout95 percent.uptodate.

Workatthemineisspasmodic,and,althoughthemen areallmembersoftheC.I.O.,

MONSIGNORLIGUTTI.

theyscarcelyaverageonehundredandfiftydays'employment duringtheyear.Some800 dollarsayearwouldrepresent heiraveragewage.Thanksto nstructorsfromIowaStateCollegeatAmes,andtoGovernmentbulletinsandincreasingexperience,theyincreasedthe valueofthefoodproducedper homesteadfromanaverageof 50dollarsperfamilyin1936,the firstyear,toover300dollars.per familyin1939.Comparethis withthefewstragglyvegetables someofthesefamilieshadraisedintinypatchesatthemining camp.ConsiderthattheHenry Sonnenbergs,winnersoflast summer'sGrangerHomestead Fair,exhibitedoverfiftydifferentfoodstuffsproducedathome -asinglefamilywithafew acresoftheirownrivalling Heinz'sfamousfifty-seven! Fruit.

Thisyeartoo-dynamiccom postheapsarebeingtriedfor thefirsttime,andfruittrees arejustbeginningtoproduce. Soonapples,pears,plums,peaches,cherries,grapes,willbe addedtothestrawberriesand raspberriesalreadyinabundance.YetGrangeracresare stillalongwayfrompeakproduction.

Ithasneverseemedtome thatthemachineitselfisanevil thing.Tractorscostbigmoney. requirecashforgasolineand, unlikethehorse,givenothing hacktonourishthesoil,;but theydosavetime.Thisisimportantforpart-timefarmers. Accordingly,thehomesteaders haveboughtandoperatecooperativelyasmallall-purposes tractor,plough,disc,harrow, mower.'Theyalsoco-operate ontransportationtothemines, onkeepingroadsinrepair,on buyingcertainessentials,and marketingsurplusproducts.The GrangerCo-operativeSociety buysco-operativelyseeds,trees, plants.Attheirco-operative cannerychieflytomatoesare preparedandsoldontheopen market.Theyareplanningin thefuturetocanothervegetablesandfruits.

CropRotation.

Everyhomesteaderkeepschickens.Nearlyeveryonehashis ownhogs,andmanyfamilies havetheirowncows.This meansthatagoodproportionof eachacreagemustbedevoted toraisingfeed.Fromtheoutsetthesettlerstooktocroprotation,withalfalfa,oats,and cornplayingtheprincipalroles. Naturallyagoodproportionof thefruits,vegetables,andmeat producedareputupandstored forwinteruse.Besides,many ofthefamiliesareforthefirst timeusingmilkforcookingand drinking.

Sofarthethousandsofdollars'worthofproduceachieved atGrangerhasbeenchieflyfor homeconsumption,butsomeof thehomesteadersareturningto specialtiestheywillsellforcash -anessentialfactorforany farmer.FrankRadosevich,for instance,isdoingverywellwith giantsized,pink-eyed,fluffy, whiteAngorarabbits,whichhe shearsthreetimesayear.The woolisshippedtoConnecticut formakingfinesweatersand otherAngoraproducts.The Biondifamilyhavestartedraisingmink.Mgr.Liguttihimself andValyRadosevichhave swarmsofbees,whileoneofthe otherhomesteadersalreadyhas a"HoneyforSale"sign.There

areotherpossibilities,suchasofcommunityprojects.The stabilityoftheGrangerhomesteadsisduechieflytothefact thatthehomesteadshaveone footonthesoilandtheotherin industry.Theireggsarenot allinonebasket.

mushroomsandguinea-pigs, 'ahichmaysoonmaterialise. CommunityHall. Duringthepastsummerthe homesteaderserectedacommunityhallwhichservesmany purposes.Itisthesceneofthe regularmonthlymeetingofthe homestead.Herealsomeetsa vigorouscreditunion,thatallimportantfoundation-stoneof economicemancipation.Infact, withoutGovernmentloansor grantsfromcharitablefoundationsitisdifficulttoseehow anythingcanbedoneuntila strongcreditunionisinoperation.Thenewhallisalsothe placewherevisitinglecturers holdforth.Itisafineplace forcommunitydances,with musicprovidedbytheclarinet, accordian,guitaranddrums playedbyFrankRadosevichand threeofhisfriendsfromthe community. Asocialcentre suchasthisisessentialforsuccessfulrurallife. AssumptionHighSchoolof Granger,conductedbyMgr.Ligutti,'hisassistants,FatherGormanandFatherDavidsaver,and sevenSisters,hasanimportant roleinthefurtherdevelopment ofthecommunity.Non-college highschooljuniorsandseniors devotetheirafternoonstotraininginhusbandryandhomebuilding.Therugs,linensand unholsterywovenbythejunior andseniorgirlsaremeansof beautifyingthehomeofwhich aprofessionalcraftsmancould wellbeproud.Thelessspectacularartsofsewingandmendingareanessentialpartofthe eourse.SisterConciliocanbe wellcontentwiththeattainmentsandfutureusefulnessof herpupilsinartsandcrafts. FatherGormanhasaremarkableshopfortheafternoonactivitiesofjuniorandsenior boys.Theyundertaketowork bothwoodandmetals,producing toolsandfurniture.Particularlyusefulforfutureworkaround thehomeistheirtrainingin buildingconstructionandrepair, soldering,glazing,painting, masonry.Theshopisequipped withsomefinemachines,but muchoftheworkisaccomplishedbyhandtoapproximateactualconditions.Livingonthe homestead,theboysknowsomethingaboutagriculturetostart with,butFatherGormanbuilds ontheirpreviousknowledgeby undertakingmoreadvanced workinanimalhusbandry,crops andsoils,treeplanting,grafting andpruning.

Noteverysingleoneofthe fiftyfamilieshasreactedwell totheopportunityoftransformingone'slifeherepresented,hut theproportionofambitious familiesisreportedtobewell over90percent.Indeed,one ofthethingsthatmoststrikes avisitortoGrangeristheselfreliantandfriendlyoutlookof thepeopleheencounters.While mostoftheyoungpeoplelearn todevelopthepossibilitiesofa lifeonahomestead,afewof themostgiftedwillnotbesatisfiedtoremainathome-anexperiencecommontoanycommunitywhereemploymentis limitedtoasingleindustry.

Application.

CouldtheGrangerplanbe useduniversally?ItisonlyhonesttostatetheadvantageadherentintherichblackIowa soilofthehomesteadacres.This makesforextremelyhighcrop yields.Thelesseryieldsfeasibleinmanyotherlocalities, however,donotvitiatethegeneralsoundnessofthispart-time farmingtechnique.Smallcrops wouldbecontemplatedatfirst, increasingasthesoilandskill incultivationarebuiltup.Every localityhasitsownspecialproblems,buttheGrangertechniqueisbroadandflexibleenough tobeadaptedforawiderange

Telephone:138838: WM2723

THEGENERALAGENCYCO.

D.F.O'SULLIVAN.

29a-30PADBURYBUILDINGS, FORRESTPLACE,PERTH.

ESTATEAGENTS. SWORNVALUATORS.

SPECIALISINGINSALESOF ALLTYPESOFFARMSAND STATIONS.

NORTHAMDISTRICTGRAZINGPROPERTY,N3901t: 764acs.freeholdland,situate :3 milesfromToodyayand schoolbuspasses;500acs.firstclassland,'balancesecondclass. 350acs.clearedand60acs.part cleared.TimberedYorkgum, jamandwhitegum.Allclearedlandrabbit-netted,balance6 wireandbarbed-6paddocks. Wateredby4tanks,6wells,2 equippedandpowerplant. 5roomedlargebathousewith verandahallroundwashhouse andbathroom.Machineryshed (large',shearingshed,yards,20tonbarn,4-stallstable.4-bail cowshed,anddoublegarage. Tenniscourt;sheepdip;200acs. subclover,peasandoats.Carryingcapacity3/400ewes.

PRICE:£3,300cash;orf.,2,500 andtakeoverbankmortgage £800.Stockatvaluation. Forfurtherparticularsapply to-

GOLDSBROUGHMORTAND COMPANYLIMITED,PERTH, BRANCHESANDAGENTS.

BRUCEROCKWHEATAND SHEEPPROPERTY(BR67R.): 2,062acs.freeholdland,situate3milesfromsidingand11 milesfromschool;600acs.firstclass,3-400acs.thirdclass; 1,400acs.cleared,300acs.fallow.Timberedwithsalmon, york,jamandscrub.Boundary pattlyrabbit-netted.Watered by2damsand2wells(1equipped). 6-roomedJ.W.B.lined houseingoodorder;'phone;2 shedsandstables;averageyield 17bushels;carryingcapacity 6/700sheep.PRICE:£2per ac.bare.Thisisgoodwheat andsheepcountry.

Forfurtherparticularsapply to-

GOLDSBROUGHMORTAND COMPANYLIMITED,PERTH, BRANCHESANDAGENTS.

NORTHAMDISTRICT,WHEAT ANDSHEEPPROPERTY (N375R): 4,180acs.C.P.land,situate61 milesS.W.Cadoux,andschool buspasses;rainfall14in;timberedwithsalmonandgimlet; 3,100crs.cleared;16milesfencing-rabbitandpignetting,5 and6wires;10paddocks;wateredby1well(equipped),2dams (1equipped)andsoak;4-roomedhouseandbathroom,verandahallround;electriclight; waterlaidon;2machinesheds, tshearingshed;averageyield 11to12bushels;carryingcapac'ty1,000sheep;crops700acs. annually. PRICE: £10,000, W.I.W.O.,orwillsellbare.Stock: 1,000sheep(including700 ewes),31pigsGoodplant,includingcaterpillartractorand3toncommertruck.Thisfarm hasshownexcellentreturns.

Forfurtherparticularsapply to-

GOLDSBROUGHNIORTAND COMPANYLIMITED.PERTH, BRANCHESANDAGENTS.

PROPERTIESFORSALE

BUYERS,CONSULTUSFORALLCLASSESOFFARMSWHEAT,SHEEP,DAIRY,GRAZING,ANDPOULTRY.WE ARESURETOHAVESOMETHINGTOSUITYOURREQUIREMENTS.

Halbert

LONDONCOURT, ST.GEORGE'STERRACE,PERTH.

'PHONES:B3417;B3245.

a 4

PropagationoftheFaith

HolyChildhoodand Ransom

a.d.

St.Anne'sSchool,Har-

ChristianBrothers'College,St.George'sTer-

St.Patrick's Boys' School,Wellingtonstreet 1111711

ChristianBrothers'College,Kalgoorlie 100

AquinasColege,Mt. Henry 9118

St.Joseph'sSchool, Boulder 6510

Christian Brothers' School,Highgate 612

BrigidineConvent,Subiaco 588

LoretoConvent,Claremont 5611

St.Michael'sConvent School,Kalgoorlie5119

ChristianBrothers'College,Leederville 510

BanburyConvent Schools 500

Presentation Convent "Iona," Mosman Park 342

PresentationConvent, Beverley 3318

St.Anthony'sSchool, Coolgardie 3214

St.

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St.Columba'sSchool,

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Sacred

Boys'College,

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220

170

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135

MR.FRANCISP.McMAHON.

Thedeathtookplaceatthe WangarattaHospital,Victoria, recently,ofMr.FrancisPatrick McMahon,lateof4Almondburyroad,Mt.Lawley,anativeand formerresidentofWangaratta. Mr.McMahonwasasonofthe lateMr.andMrs.BernardMcMahon,ofEly-street,andhe spenthisearlylifeinWangaratta.Hewaseducatedatthe CatholicPrimarySchoolandSt. Joseph'sHighSchool,andafterwardslearnedthetradeofa coachbuilder.Mr.McMahonreceivedtheRoyalHumaneSocietycertificateforsavingthelife ofWillieHalligan,sonofMr. andMrs.W.F.Halligan,at Wangaratta,onDecember13, 1894,andalsoamedalfromthe parents.Asayoungmanhe wenttoWestAustralia,where hefollowedhistradeforseveralyears,andwasthenengagedontherailways,retiring afewyearsago.Notbeingin thebestofhealth,hecamewith Mrs.McMahonforaholidayto theEasternStates,andthey werestayingwithMr.McMahon'ssister,Mrs.M.E:Hancock,GretaSouth.Mr.McMahon'sillnesstookamore acuteform,andhebecameapa- tientinthehospital.Ofa kindlyandgenerousnature,Mr. McMahonhadalargecircleof friends.HewasastaunchadherentoftheCatholicChurch. Heissurvivedbyhiswifeand thefollowingfamily:Frank, ArthurandKathleen(Perth). Thereisonebrother,Bernard (Perth)andonesister,Catherine(Mrs.M.E.Hancock,Greta South).Twobrothers.John andCharles.andasister,Mary, aredeceased.

CatholicTeachers*Conference

treattheCatholicTeachers' GuildheldtheirConferenceat LoretoConventonJanuary30.

TheChaplain,FatherMurphy, afterrecitingtheopeningprayer,calleduponthePresidentto readthereport.MissDonoghue thensubmittedthereportfor 1946.

Uponrisingtocommentupon thereport,FatherMurphy thankedMissDonoghueforher servicestotheGuild.Heexpressedpleasurethatduringhis fiveyears'associationwiththe Guildthathehadalwaysfound themamostloyalanddevoted bodytoGodandsubmissiveto theChurch'sauthority.However,thatwasnotenough.At timeshefeltdisappointedthat Catholics,blessedwithsucha senseofloyalty,shouldbesatisfiedwithsuchpunyeffortsto stemthetidetowardsGodlessnessandevil."Letusnow,at theendofourRetreat,"hesaid, "examinethestateoftheGuild andlearnwhereinwehavefail- dandsucceeded.Wemustplace alloureffortsinthehandsof Christ.Benotdiscouraged,for eveninfailureswemaybring honour'andglorytoGod.This isthetimetodrawupaprogrammefor1947.Beleadersgenerousandunselfish.Pray diligentlyandworkunstintingly.WhenweworkforChrist ourstandardsarehigh,andwe mustnotdisappoint.Attend yourmeetingsregularly.Undertakecheerfullythedutiesassignedyou.TheChurchissorely inneedofallthehelpyoucan give.Letuspledgeourselves anewtothegloriouscauseof Christ."

MissDonoghuethankedFather Murphyforhiscarefulanalysis oftheGuild'sactivities.She welcomedcriticismandinvited suggestionsforthecomingyear. Mr.Lobsteininformedthe meetingofthefinancialposition, whichwasverysatisfactory. Amongthesubjectsbrought forwardfordiscussionwasthe urgencyofstrongprotest througheverypossiblechannel againstthedemoralisingeffect ofthepublicationofsordiddetailsincrime.Ithasbeenapparentthatfollowingthepublicationofaparticulartypeof crime,awaveofsimilarones followed.Itis regrettable thatcertaindailypaperswhich hithertoavoidedtheseobjectionabledetailshaverecentlyloweredtheirstandardandadopted thisreprehensiblepractice.

SenatorTangney,whoattendedtheConference,saidshe wouldliketogettheGuildinterestedinwelfareofgirlsand womenuponbeingdismissed frominstitutions.Frequently theyfacedtheworldagaindeterminedtoavoidpreviousdangerouspaths,butunfortunately, throughsomeseriouslackofencouragementoropportunity, theyfailed.

Itwasdecidedtotakeupthis workinconjunctionwithother Catholicbodies.

Theproperorganisationof discussinsandlectureswasdiscussed.UponSenktorTangney'soffertopayfor1,000invitationcardsandafurtheroffer or£1worthofstamps,itwas agreed'thatweformallyinvite ourfriendstoourlectures.This methodshouldrevitaliseourlectureevenings.

MissDonoghuethankedSenatorTangneyforhergenerous help.

Afterfurtherdiscussionupon generalmatters,itwasarranged thatonWednesdayafternoon, January29,weshouldentertain countryteacherstoafternoon teaintheKing'sPark.

AvoteofthankstoHisGrace theArchbishopforhisunfailing supportandinterestinthe Guild,wasmovedbyMissBrady, andsecondedbySenatorTangney,who,astheGuild'sfirst President.couldtestifytohisinvaluableassistance. Itwas movedandunanimouslycarried thatwecableNewYear'sgreetingstoHisGraceinEire.

ThevoteofthankstoouresteemedChaplainwasmovedby Mr.Lobstein,whowarmlypraisedFatherMurphyforhisguidanceoftheGuildinbothspiritualandtemporalmatters.

FatherMurphyresponded.

MissDwyermovedavoteof thankstotheSistersofLoreto fortheirgracioushospitalityto theGuildeachyear.Herremarkswereablysupportedby MissCaldow.

SenatorTangneyaddressed theGuildandinherowninimitablestyleurgedtheGuildtobe constantintheirendeavourstowardsgood.Theworkofthe Guildshouldnotbedonehalfheartedly,buttheyshouldbe constantinseasonandoutof seasonforthetrendtowards materialismwasontheincrease.

Aftertheclosingprayer,morningteawasservedbytheSisters, andsoconcludedtheCatholic. Teachers'FifthAnnualConference.

ReceptionCeremonyat St.Mary's,

OnTuesday,January28,three postulantsreceivedtheholy habitofReligion.TheceremonywasperformedbyRt. Rev.MonsignorMoloney,who wasassistedbyRev.Father Grogan,C.SS.R.,whodelivered aninspiringaddress.Rev.Father Scullywasalsoinattendance.

Preachingfromthetext, "ComefollowMe!"(Matt.IV., 19),FatherGrogansaid:

WhenwereadtheGospelof JesusChrist,mydearbrethren, wecannothelpremarkingthe singularpowerwhichOurLord exercisedoverthosewhocame intoimmediatecontactwith Him,providedtheirsoulswere notaltogetherhardenedagainst Hisinfluencebydarkandungovernablepassions.Fromthetime when,asalovablelittlechildHe drewtheshepherdsofJudeato Hishumblecradleinthestable, untilHisdyinghour,whenHe

Leederville

wontheheartofthehardened criminalcrucifiedatHisside,a powerwentforthfromHim,subduing,softening,sanctifyingand attractingallwhohadthehappinesstobebroughtwithinthe lightofHisdivinepresence.

WheneverHemovedsomesupernaturalinfluenceradiatedfrom Himandthousandsfollowed Him,eagertoseeHim,enrichedbyhearingHim,happywith thehappinessofHeavenifa lookorawordwereaddressedto themselves.

WheneverHespokethemultitudehunguponHiswordsand feltthemselvesconstrainedby feelingsofaweandveneration thatthemagicofhumaneloquencecouldnevercommand.And thoseonwhomHishandsrestedforblessing,orforhealing, feltthemselvestrembleandvibrateunderHissacredtouchas ifanewandmoreperfectlife hadbeeninfusedintothem.

Rut,mydearbrethren,the lifeofthatDivineBeingdidnot endonCalvary,orwhenHeascendedintoHeaven,HisinfluencedidnotceasewithHis death.Centuryaftercentury, yearafteryear,hasre-echoed andwillcontinuetore-echowith thatlovableandirresistibleinvitationthatsooftenfellfrom HissacredlipswhenHewason earth."ComefollowMe!"

Thatwastheinvitationwhich, intheyearsofpersecution,drew thehostsofmartyrswhointheir thousandshaveglorifiedthe Churchwiththeirblood.They beheldOurLord,Hiscrossupon Hisshoulder,thecrownof thornsuponHishead,theKing ofSorrows,theKingofLove, beckoningthem,"Comefollow Me!"AndtheyfollowedHim, despisingtheferocityofthe wildbeasts,theexecutioner's sword,thefire,thewrackand othercrueltortures-evengentlelittlecreatureslikethe13year-oldSt.Agnes.

theyaresharinginyoursacrifice.Andso,mydearparents, rememberthehonourthatrs conferreduponyouto-day,you haveofferedthese,yourdear ones,totheSacredHeartof Jesusanddonotthinkthatthat SacredHeartisgoingtobeoutdoneingenerosity. Hewill makeituptoyouinathousand differentways.Sodonotcease tothankHimforthehonourHe hasdoneyoubycomingtoyour houseandchoosingoneofyours tobeHisspecialfavourite. WeextendourcongratulationsalsototheSistersof Mercyonthishappyandauspiciousoccasion. Inconclusion,mydearSisters, rememberthatOurLordiscallingyoutofollowHim.maybeto takeupyourcrossandfollow HimtoCalvary,whereHedied, hutrememberalsothatHetri-

umphedoverdeath,thatHerose fromthedead,thatHeascendedintoHeaven.AndifyoufollowfaithfullyandcloselyinHis stepsHewillgiveyouallthe powerandgraceyouneedtotriumphovereverycrossthat comesyourway,andthenasHe crossesthethresholdofHis HeavenlyKingdom,Hewillturn toyouagainandsay,"ComefollowMe,"thatyoumaygotobe eternallyhappywithHimand HisowndearMotherofMercy, whoalsofollowedHimtoCalvaryandfollowedHimtoParadise.Amen.

Thenamesofthenewly-receivedSistersare:MissRomaMarquis(SisterMaryPeterClever); MissNoreenDonovan(Sister MaryMartindePorres);Miss ClariceRawlings(SisterMary GerardMajella).

4IAM 0,

TROTT IN

istheonlyequinesportthatbringstoPerthchampionsfrom TasmaniaandNewZealandas

asEasternStotes FurtherproofoftheprestigeoftheW.A.TrottingAssociationthroughoutthelengthandbreadthofthe CommonwealthandNewZealand

MITER-DOIMNIONCHAMPION5HIPS

FEB.12,15,19,22 atGLOUCESTERPARK

WeSolicitaTrial fromallReligiousInstitutions

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SELLINGAGENTSFOR-TANDACOPRODUCTS, TABALDI,SALAMI,andMORTADELLA.

Thatwastheinvitationwhich washeldouttothevastthrong ofConfessorswhoineveryage havelefthomeandcountryand facedeverykindofperil,to carrytheknowledgeoftheir Saviourtoeverycreature.He heldoutnogreatpromiseto theminthislife,infactHetold themplainly:"YoushallbehatedbyallmenforMyName's sake."Heassuredthemthat theservantwasnotabovethe Master.IfHehadbeenpersecutedtheymustexpectpersecutionsalso.ButtheyalsorememberedthatHehadsaidto them:"Everyonethathathleft houseorbrethrenorsistersor fatherormotherorwifeorchildrenorlandsforMyName's sakeshallreceiveahundredfoldandshallpossesslifeeverlasting.AndtheyacceptedHis lovinginvitation:"Oomefollow Me!"

So,too,thatwastheinvitationwhichhaswonforHim throughoutthehistoryofthe Churchcountlesssoulswho,for loveoftheImmaculateLamb, havespurnedallhumanlove,to entertheranksofthewhiterobedvirgins-Hisspecialchosenfavourites.Theyanswered Hiscall:"Come,Mylove,My dove,Mybeautifulone,come followMe."

Andsoitisto-dayinourvery midstHecontinuestobeckonto chosensouls.Thatsameinvitationhasdrawnmanyyoung menandwomenfromourown AustralianshorestosomehellspotinthePacific,theretowear awaytheirdaysinunwholesome surroundingswashinganddressingfoetidandrepulsivesoresof theunfortunatelepers."Come followMe."

Ithasledmanyotherstodevotetheirentire(laystoalleviatingthepainsandneedsofour ownsickendsuffering,agedandinfirm-notbecausetheyhope foranypraiseorrewardinthis life,butsimplybecausethey haveheardHiscall:"ComefollowMe!"

Finallytherearethosewho followHiminperhapsaless heroic,butbynomeansless noblework-teachingGod'slittle ones-followingHimWhosaid. "Sufferthelittlechildrento comeuntoMeandforbidthem not."

Allsuchsoulswhoarenoble enough,generousenough,and courageousenough,tohearand heedHiscall,Hebringscloseto HimselfandacceptstheirsacrificeandcrownsthemwithHis love.Theyknewfullwellthat whenHebidsthemfollow,He bidsthemtakeuptheircrossand followHim,elsetheycannotbe Hisdisciples.

Suchacall,suchananswer, suchasacrifice,mydearbrethren,andsuchanacceptanceof thatsacrificeweareassembled towitnessto-day.

Thesethreechosenoneshave turnedtheirbackupontheworld andallitclaimstooffer,but theyhavebecomethebridesof Christ,WhoistheKingof kings,andwhatmoreroyaland noblenuptialscould any maiden'sheartdesire.This,my dearSisters,isyourhonour, thisisyourglory,andthisthe reasonwhywecongratulateyou withourwholeheartandpray andbegyouthatyoumayalwaysbegiventhegracetobe worthyspousesofyourKing.

Wecongratulatealsoyour dearparents,andthosewhom youloveuponthisearth,for

NurembergTrials

(ContinuedfromPage5.)

Themagnitudeofthecrime, whichwasshownbytheCourt, andthesystematicviolence whichwasexercisedforthemost part,demandedpunishmentif ourgeneralconsciousnessof rightandwrongisnottosuffer severeinjury,quiteapartfrom otherconsiderationsofthecommongood.Certainlyoursense ofrightandwrongwouldbeoutragedifcrimesofsuchacharactershouldremainunexpiated becausenoofficialaccuserand judgeweretobefound.Butto allowtheescapeofcriminals whohavebeenapprehended wouldmeanthatweconceived ofthehumanadministrationof justice-alwaysanimperfect thing-afterthemannerofan insurancebusiness;andtherewithwewouldnotonlyallow itsadministrationtoheimperfectbutwewoulddepriveitof allmoralcharacter.Punishmentisjustwhenitisfounded onthepresenceofvalidnorms andonthecompetenceofthe Court,bothinitselfandwithregardtothosepersonswhoareto bepunishedbyit.

if,inthecaseathand,we agreetobeledbyjuridicalpositivismtodemandpositivestatutesasanabsolutenecessity, wearriveatthefollowingsituation:ontheoneside,weare confrontedbytheclearlyestablishedfactofcrimesandtheir inescapableliabilitytopunishment;ontheother,bytheabsoluteimpossibilityofsociety's takingactionforlackofany positiveinternationalnorms.We find,inadditiontothis,thatit wasthecriminalsthemselves whohelpedtocausetheabsence ofnormsbytheirabandonment oftheLeagueofNations.Such asituationisabsurd,andindicatestheself-refutationofjuridicalpositivism.Thenecessary developmentofpositivelawis thetechniqueofanassuredjuri dicallife,butitisnottherefore essentialfortheexistenceof law.Whatisdecisiveisthat lawliveswithsociety,notinan irrationalorarbitraryfashion, butcontinuallydevelopingvalid normsbyapplyingtoever-changingcircumstancestherational fcrmativepoweroftheprinciples ofnaturallaw.Intheprecedingpartofourdiscussionwe madeuseoftheseprinciples.

Itonlyremainstosay,even incontradictiontoCatholicjuridicalpositivists,thattheprinciplesofnaturallawnotonly belongtomorals;theyarealso orjuridicalcharacter.Forthis reasontheabsurdsituationmentionedabovecan,butnever should,occur.FatherRegout hasthesameideawhenhemakes itplainthatthestatement"No actcanbeliabletopunishment withoutapositivelaw,"isnot absolutelyvalid.Heisquite consistent,too,when,inline withthetraditonalteachingof Catholicmorals,heexplainsthe statementthatavictorpossesses therightofpunishingtheauthor

ofunjustwarfareassomething "completelycorrectinprinciple."Ofcourseheisnot speakingofthevictorasa(political)"party,"butastherepressntative,determinedbythecircumstances,oftheinterestsof thecommunity.

IntheNurembergcasewe havetoreckonwiththedangers toobjectivity,andthesedangers wouldnothavebeenlessenedby theinterventionoftheUnited Y%IationsorbytheCourt'savailingitselfofneutralorevenGermanjudges.Thesubjectswho wereliabletopunishmentwere rightlydetermined,accordingto theprincipleofcausality,bya considerationoftheirresponsibilityforthecrimes,andso statesmenwereheldpersonally culpable.Butitwasnotneesibletoproceedindefinitely alongthelineofcausality.The processstoppedattwoofthose whowereprominentinassisting Hitlertoclimbintopower.By theiracquittalotherswhocooperatedabroadwereinternationallyabsolved.

OfcoursetheGermanpeople areexculpated.Hewhoacquitstheseducercannotpunish theseduced.

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WHENANDWHYTHE

CHURCHAPPROVESA DIVORCEDECREE

"Curious,"NorthBunbury:

"1haveoftenlistenedtoyou overtheairreCatholicAnswers,andhavefoundthem verysound.NowIwould liketosubmitaquestionto youmyself.

AconvertedCatholicgirland aCatholicboygetmarriedin their('hurch.Thenafterwardsthewifedesertshim foranotherman.

(a)Ifthisboyobtainedadiorce,intheeeyesoftheState lawwouldhestillremaina (atholic.intheeyesoftheCatholicas,ifhedidnotmarry again?Andwouldbedill bemarriedundertheCatholic, law

A.:Aslongashiswifeislivingheismarriedaccordingto thelawoftheCatholicChurch. Ifheshouldobtainadivorce throughthecivilla*,hestillremainsaCatholic.Butifhe goesthroughthiscivildivorce withoutgravereasonsandwithoutthepermissionoftheBishop,heisguiltyofgravesin. However,ifforgoodreasons,he obtainsthecivildivorcewith thepermissionofhisBishophe commitsnosin.

Youcontinue:

(b)Ifontheotherhandthe wifedivorcedhim.Wouldhe stillbeabletopractisehisreligion,providinghedidnot marryagain?Andwouldhe stillbemarriedunderCatholic law?

A.:Yes.Hewouldstillbe abletopractisehisreligion.He wouldstillbemarried,forthe bondortieofmarriagecanonly bebrokenbythedeathofthe husbandorwife.

IthinkthatitwillhelpifI givebrieflytheCatholicteachingonthisquestion.Catholics maynotunderanycircumstancespetitionforanabsolutedivorcewiththeintentionofremarriage.Sometimes,however,theecclesiasticalauthoritiesmaygrantpermissionfora Catholictopetitionforadivorce inthecivilcourts,inorder merelytoobtainthecivileffects ofacivildivorce. Aperson whohasgonethroughthisform ofcivildivorce,withthepermissionoftheBishop,may,of course,receiveHolyCommunion.Thereisanothercasein whichadivorcedpersonmayreceiveHolyCommunion.Supposeapersonwhohasbeendivorcedinthecivilcourts,blit hasnotbeenaconsentingparty totheaction,suchaperson, providedheorshehasthedispositionsrequisiteforreceiving theBlessedEucharist,mayreceiveHolyCommunion.

Andevenapersonwhohas sinfullyobtainedadivorcein thecivilcourtsandsubsequentlyrepentedofthesinandhas brokenoffanyillicitunionthat mighthavebeencontracted, couldbeadmitted,likeany otherpenitentsinner,toHoly Communion.

T.VIVIAN

143RokebyRoad,Subiaco.W1539 FORSEWERAGECONNECTIONS. BadWaterPressure,BrokenPedestalPans,BlockedSewerDrains CisternandRoofRepairs.T.V. ModelBathHeatersnowavailable

H.C.PRIOR FUNERALDIRECTOR

ALBANY(Established1921) PrivateMortuary,MotorVehicles ChargesModerate. Phone215. Albany,Mt.Barker,Denmarkand Districts.

ISHELLCOMPATIBLEWITH THEGOODNESSOFGOD?

J.C'.Ward,Kalamunda:

"LastSunday,12th.January, youstatedthatpersonswho dieinsinarecondemnedto everlastingoreternaltorture byfire.Letuscomparethe timespanoftheaveragelife witheternity.Assumeagrain ofsandrepresentstheaverage lifespan,thenallthegrains ofsandintheworldwouldnot representeternity,because theremustbeapracticallimit totheirnumber,whichmeans thatthelifespanmustbe suchasmallfractionofeternitythatitwouldheimpossible todescribeitbymathematics. infactitwouldhenotimeat all.

"Doyouthinkaloving,just Godwouldcondemnaperson, perhapsbornwithatendency tosin,tothiseverlastingtorturebytire,forsinningduring thisminutespanoftime,ifit istimeatall?"

A,:TheCatholicteachingis thatonlythosearelostforever intheeternalpunishmentof hell-firewhoknowinglyandwillingly,withfullconsent,are guiltyofagrievousoffence againstthelawofGodandwho dieunrepentant.Whenwerealisethatapersonwhoactsthus rejectsGod'sGraceandfriendchip,anddeliberatelyfollowshis ownwillevenwhenitruns countertoGod's,wemustsee thathedamnshimself.Godhas givenhimfreewillandhehas usedittooffendAlmightyGod, deliberatelychoosingwhatis contrarytoGod'slaw.

Itistruethat,owingtothe OriginalSinofAdamallmen areborninto.theworldwitha tendencytosin.Butthatagain mustnotbeattributedtoGod buttomanwhochosetosinand rejectGod'sgifts.

TheCatholicChurchteaches thatAlmightyGodgivesevery manandwomanampleGrace tobesaved,andiftheywillnot co-operatewithittheycondemn themselvestohell.IftheycooperatedwithGod'sGraceand savedtheirsouls,thenthey wouldmeritaneternalreward ofhappinesswithGodinHeaven.Butmanisfreeand mustmakehischoice.

WHATOFTHEWARSOF RELIGION?

Yourlettercontinues:

"Mynextquestionis:What wastheattitudeoftheChurch regardingtheWarsofReligionandtheInquisition?"

A.:Well,letmetaketheWars ofReligionfirst.TheCatholic Churchdeploresallwars,especiallythefratricidalstrifeand thehorrorsoftheWarsofReligion.Thistitle,giventothe disastrouswarsfoughtinGermanyandFranceinthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies, isanunfortunateone,forunderthecloakofreligion,men foughtforpoliticalandeconomicpower.Thesewarswere reallythearmedstruggleof therevoltagainsttheestablishedorderwhichtookplacein thesecenturiesofchange. FerventCatholicsandchurchmenrejoicedwhentheattacks onsacredplacesandtraditions wererepulsedbyforceofarms andwhentheysuccessfullydefendedtheir"freedoms"from theonslaughtsofthewreckers. Buttheydeploredthesenseless destruction,andcrueltyandprofanitythatthesewarsbrought withthemeverywhere.AsI havesaidbeforeinthissession, therecomesatimewhenmen :',,isttakeuparmstodefend theirGod-givenliberties:we havejustlivedthroughsucha struggleagainsttheforcesof evilinthewaragainstNazi Germany.Yetthislastawful

warwasbuttheoutcomeandthe continuationoftheWarsofReligionofthe16th.and17th.centuries.

FACTSOFTHEINQUISITION

WhatwastheChurch'sattitudetotheInquisition?

Thisquestionhasbeenansweredmanytimesalreadyin"The CatholicAnswer."However,I Tallgiveyouabriefsummary ofthereply.

Duringthetwelfthandthirteenthcenturies,violentsectariesmadetheirappearancein severalpartsofsouthernEurope.Theyattachedclergy, destroyedchurchesandmonasteries,andencouragedrevolt againstthecivilauthority.The wholefabricofsociety,political andreligious,wasthreatened withdisruption.Tomeetso graveaperil,theChurch,inconcertwiththeseculargovernments,established(1231)the RomanorEcclesiasticalInquisitiontotrychargesofheresy, andtosavetheaccusedfromthe summaryjusticeofthemob.Its tribunalsweresetupinseveral countries,asneedarose.Its objectwasprimarilycorrective. Ifthehereticwerepreparedto recanthiserrors.itimposeda penanceonhim,sometimesvery light,andreconciledhimwith theChurch;ifhewereobdurate, itpronouncedhimguiltyofheresy,andhandedhimovertothe Stateforpunishment.TheState passedsentence,anditsjudgmentsweresevere-confiscation ofproperty,imprisonment,or deathitself.Officially,the Churchnevercondemnedanyone todeath,butsheundoubtedly approvedofthesternrepression ofheresybytheState,andbelievedthat,inthecircumstances oftheage,shewasjustifiedin herapproval.

WhenenemiesoftheChurch speakofhercruelty,theyusuallyhaveinmindtheproceedings oftheSpanishInquisition,atribunalestablishedbyFerdinand andIsabellain1481,attherequestoftheirsubjectsandwith theapprovaloftheHolySee.Its purposewastounmaskandpunishpretendedconvertsfrom JudaismorMohammedanism. Manyofthesepossessedgreat wealthandinfluence,andheld highofficeintheStateandeven intheChurch.Theirplotsand secretmachinationsthreatened toreversethedearly-boughtvictorywhichtheSpaniardshad wonovertheMoorsaftera struggleofnearlyeightcenturies.TheInquisitorswereecclesiastics,buttheyheldoffice atthepleasureortheSpanish crown.PopeSixtusIV.,who declaredthathissanctionfor .theerectionofthetribunalhad beenobtainedonfalsepretences, protestedmorethanonce,but withoutavail,againstitsseverity.Sinceitwasapolitical ratherthananecclesiasticalinstitution,theChurchcannotbe heldresponsibleforitsproceedings.

THfERRORABOUTGALILEO

Andfinallyyouask:

"WhydidthePopeorderthe scientistGalileonottoteach thattheearthmovedbecause ofasupposedassertionofthe Bibletothecontrary?"

A.:Hereisthetruestoryof Galileo.Intheyear1543,Copernicus,apriestofPolishor Germannationality,ashorttime beforehisdeath.putforward thehypothesisthattheearthrotatedonitsaxis,therebycausing theapparentmovementofthe sun.Thetheorydidnotincur ecclesiasticalcensureuntilfurtherpublicitywasgiventoitby thecelebratedItalianscientist, Galileo(1564-1642)-hediedat theripeoldageof78.Asthis theoryseemedtocontradictpas-

sagesintheBiblewhichsaidthe earthwasimmovable(Ps.ciii., 5),andthatthesunstoodstill intheheavens(JosueX.,13), ;twascondemnedbytheInquisition(1616)aserroneousand contrarytoHolyScripture,and Galileowasforbiddentoteach it.ForatimeGalileoobeyed; butin1632hepublishedawork againdefendingtheopinionof Copernicus.Hewasobligedby theInquisitiontorecant(1633), andwasimprisoned,thatis,obligedtoresideinhisvillanear Florence.Herehequietlyspent theremainingyearsofhislife engagedinscientificstudies.He diedin1642,inpeacewiththe Church,havingreceivedonhis death-bedtheblessingofthe Pope.

ThetheoryofCopernicuswas laterprovedscientifically;and itscondemnationthereforeby theInquisitionwasaregrettable errorofjudgment.Itshould, however,beborneinmindthat CopernicanisminGalileo'sday wasanunprovenhypothesis,and thattheargumentsinitsfavour adducedbyGalileowereinconclusive.Itmaybeaddedthat eminentheologiansofthetime, suchasSt.RobertBellarmine, fullyrealisedthatiftheCopernicansystemoftheheavens provedtobetrue,itwouldbe necessarytorevisetheinterpretationofsuchScripturetextsas seemedtoassertthecontrary. Theysuggestedwhatallbiblical scholarsnowassert,thattheinspiredauthorswhenalludingto celestialphenomenaemployed currentmodesofspeechsuchas wecontinuetodowhenwesay: "Thesunrises.Thesunsets."

PRAYERANDTHEWILLOF GOD

"SeekerforTruth,"Perth: "SometimeagoIreadthelifeof the'HolyManofTours,'and wasgreatlyimpressedbyhis ardentfaithinprayer,which hebelievedwouldalwaysbe answeredprovidingonetrustedthatGodwoulddoso.He

heldthatafew,afterpractisingdevotiontotheHolyFace ofJesus,werenotcuredbecauseoftheirlackoffaith,as theyeitherdidnotbelieveGod wouldcurethemorthatGod wouldonlydosoifitwasHis DivineWill.Butifwehad totrustthatourprayers wouldbeansweredthenwe wouldprobablyhavenotrials andsorrows.I,however,find Icanonlyadoptthistheoryin casesofvitalnecessity,butin otherlesspressingmatters,I havetosayGod'sWillbe done.Couldyoupleaseenlightenmeonthesubject, Father?"

(ContinuedonPage19.)

PrewarPaintsandEnamels availableatHassell'sStore,NM WellingtonStreet,Perth.

RandolphKnapp (W.A.O.A.)

SIGHT-TESTINGOPTICIAN.

12ATWELLARCADE.

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PRIMEBEEFBUTCHER

HANNAN

TeL431 TeL4311.

1.1=111.1M

M

WHENANDWHYTHE CHURCHAPPROVESA DIVORCEDECREE

"Curious,"NorthBunbury:

"1haveoftenlistened,toyou overtheairreCatholicAnswers,andhavefoundthem verysound.Now 1 would liketosubmitaquestionto youmyself.

Aconvertedcatholicgirland aCatholicboygetmarriedin theirChurch.Thenafterwardsthewifedesertshim foranotherman.

(a)ifthisboyobtainedadivorce,intheeyesoftheState lawwouldhestillremaina Catholic,intheeyesoftheCatholiclaw,ifhedidnotmarry again? Andwouldhestill bemarriedundertheCatholic law?

A.:Aslongashiswifeislivingheismarriedaccordingto thelawoftheCatholicChurch. Ifheshouldobtainadivorce throughthecivillaw,hestillremainsaCatholic.Butifhe goesthroughthiscivildivorce withoutgravereasonsandwithoutthepermissionoftheBishop,heisguiltyofgravesin. However.ifforgoodreasons,he obtainsthecivildivorcewith thepermissionofhisBishophe commitsnosin.

Youcontinue:

(b)Ifontheotherhandthe wifedivorcedhim.Wouldhe stillbeabletopractisehisreligion,providinghedidnot marryagain?Andwouldhe stillbemarriedunderCatholic law?

A.<Yes.Hewouldstillbe abletopractisehisreligion.He wouldstillhemarried,forthe bondortieofmarriagecanonly O bebrokenbythedeathofthe husbandorwife.

IthinkthatitwillhelpifI givebrieflytheCatholicteachingonthisquestion.Catholics maynotunderanycircumstancespetitionforanabsolutedivorcewiththeintentionofremarriage.Sometimes,however,theecclesiasticalauthoritiesmaygrantpermissionfora Catholictopetitionforadivorce inthecivilcourts,inorder merelytoobtainthecivileffects ofacivildivorce. Aperson whohasgonethroughthisform ofcivildivorce,withthepermissionoftheBishop,may,of course,receiveHolyCommunion.Thereisanothercasein whichadivorcedpersonmayreceiveHolyCommunion.Supposeapersonwhohasbeendivorcedinthecivilcourts,blit hasnotbeenaconsentingparty totheaction,suchaperson, providedheorshehasthedispositionsrequisiteforreceiving theBlessedEucharist,mayreceiveHolyCommunion.

Andevenapersonwhohas sinfullyobtainedadivorcein thecivilcourtsandsubsequentlyrepentedofthesinandhas brokenoffanyillicitunionthat mighthavebeencontracted, couldbeadmitted,likeany otherpenitentsinner,toHoly Communion.

T.VIVIAN

143RokebyRoad,Subiaco.W1539 FORSEWERAGECONNECTIONS, BadWaterPressure,BrokenPedestal.Pans,BlockedSewerDrains CisternandRootRepairs.T.V. ModelBathHeatersnowavailable

H.C.PRIOR

FUNERALDIRECTOR

ALBANY(Established1921)

PrivateMortuary,MotorVehicles ChargesModerate. Phone215. Albany,Mt.Barker,Denmarkand Districts.

ISHELLCOMPATIBLEWITH THEGOODNESSOFGOD?

J.C.Ward,Kalamunda:

"LastSunday,12th.January, youstaledthatpersonswho dieinsinarecondemnedto everlastingoreternaltorture byfire.Letuscomparethe timespanoftheaveragelife witheternity.Assumeagrain ofsandrepresentstheaverage lifespan,thenallthegrains ofsandintheworldwouldnot representeternity,because there,mustbeapracticallimit totheirnumber,whichmeans thatthelifespanmusthe suchasmallfractionofeternitythatitwouldheimpossible todescribeitbymathematics. intactitwouldbenotimeat all.

"Doyouthinkaloving,just Godwouldcondemnaperson, perhapsbornwithatendency tosin,tothiseverlastingtorturebyfire,forsinningduring thisminutespanoftime,ifit istimeatall?"

A,:TheCatholicteachingis thatonlythosearelostforever intheeternalpunishmentof hell-firewhoknowinglyandwillingly,withfullconsent,are guiltyofagrievousoffence againstthelawofGodandwho dieunrepentant.Whenwerealisethatapersonwhoactsthus rejectsGod'sGraceandfriend'hip,anddeliberatelyfollowshis ownwillevenwhenitruns countertoGod's,wemustsee 'hathedamnshimself.Godhas givenhimfreewillandhehas usedittooffendAlmightyGod, deliberatelychoosingwhatis contrarytoGod'slaw.

Itistruethat,owingtothe OriginalMnofAdamallmen arebornintotheworldwitha tendencytosin.Butthatagain mustnotbeattributedtoGod buttomanwhochosetosinand tejectGod'sgifts.

TheCatholicChurchteaches thatAlmightyGodgivesevery manandwomanampleGrace tobesaved,andiftheywillnot co-operatewithittheycondemn themselvestohell.IftheycooperatedwithGod'sGraceand savedtheirsouls,thenthey wouldmeritaneternalreward ofhappinesswithGodinHeaven.Butmanisfreeand mustmakehischoice.

WHATOFTHEWARSOF RELIGION?

Yourlettercontinues:

"Mynextquestionis:What wastheattitudeoftheChurch regardingtheWarsofReligionandtheInquisition?"

A.:Well,letmetaketheWars ofReligionfirst.TheCatholic Churchdeploresallwars,especiallythefratricidalstrifeand thehorrorsoftheWarsofReligion.Thistitle,giventothe disastrouswarsfoughtinGermanyandFranceinthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies, isanunfortunateone,forunderthecloakofreligion,men foughtforpoliticalandeconomicpower.Thesewarswere reallythearmedstruggleof therevoltagainsttheestablishedorderwhichtookplacein thesecenturiesofchange. FerventCatholicsandchurchmenrejoicedwhentheattacks onsacredplacesandtraditions wererepulsedbyforceofarms andwhentheysuccessfullydefendedtheir"freedoms"from theonslaughtsofthewreckers.

Buttheydeploredthesenseless destruction,andcrueltyandprofanitythatthesewarsbrought withthemeverywhere.AsI havesaidbeforeinthissession, therecomesatimewhenmen rnisttakeuparmstodefend theirGod-givenliberties:we havejustlivedthroughsucha struggleagainsttheforcesof evilinthewaragainstNazi Germany.Yetthislastawful

warwasbuttheoutcomeandthe continuationoftheWarsofReligionofthe16th.and17th.centuries.

FACTSOFTHEINQUISITION

WhatwastheChurch'sattitudetotheInquisition?

Thisquestionhasbeenansweredmanytimesalreadyin"The CatholicAnswer."However,1 shallgiveyouabriefsummary ofthereply.

Duringthetwelfthandthirteenthcenturies,violentsectariesmadetheirappearancein severalpartsofsouthernEurope.Theyattachedclergy, destroyedchurchesandmonasteries,andencouragedrevolt againstthecivilauthority.The wholefabricofsociety,political andreligious,wasthreatened withdisruption.Tomeetso graveaperil,theChurch,inconcertwiththeseculargovernments,established(1231)the RomanorEcclesiasticalInquisitiontotrychargesofheresy, andtosavetheaccusedfromthe summaryjusticeofthemob.Its tribunalsweresetupinseveral countries,asneedarose.Its objectwasprimarilycorrective. Ifthehereticwerepreparedto recanthiserrors.itimposeda penanceonhim,sometimesvery light,andreconciledhimwith theChurch;ifhewereobdurate, itpronouncedhimguiltyofheresy,andhandedhimovertothe Stateforpunishment.TheState passedsentence,anditsjudgmentsweresevere-confiscation ofproperty,imprisonment,or deathitself.Officially,the Churchnevercondemnedanyone todeath,butsheundoubtedly approvedofthesternrepression ofheresybytheState,andbelievedthat,inthecircumstances oftheage,shewasjustifiedin herapproval.

WhenenemiesoftheChurch speakofhercruelty,theyusuallyhaveinmindtheproceedings oftheSpanishInquisition,atribunalestablishedbyFerdinand andIsabellain1481,atthere(westoftheirsubjectsandwith theapprovaloftheHolySee.its purposewastounmaskandpunishpretendedconvertsfrom JudaismorMohammedanism. Manyofthesepossessedgreat wealthandinfluence,andheld highofficeintheStateandeven intheChurch.Theirplotsand secretmachinationsthreatened toreversethedearly-boughtvictorywhichtheSpaniardshad wonovertheMoorsaftera struggleofnearlyeightcenturies.TheInquisitorswereecclesiastics,buttheyheldoffice atthepleasureortheSpanish crown.PopeSixtusIV.,who declaredthathissanctionfor theerectionofthetribunalhad beenobtainedonfalsepretences, protestedmorethanonce,but withoutavail,againstitsseverity.Sinceitwasapolitical ratherthananecclesiasticalinstitution,theChurchcannotbe heldresponsibleforitsproceedings.

TiltERRORABOUTGALILEO

Anilfinallyyouask:

"WhydidthePopeorderthe scientistGalileonottoteach thattheearthmovedbecause ofasupposedassertionofthe Bibletothecontrary?"

A.:Hereisthetruestoryof Galileo.Intheyear1543,Copernicus,apriestofPolishor Germannationality,ashorttime beforehisdeath.putforward thehypothesisthattheearthrotatedonitsaxis,therebycausing theapparentmovementofthe sun.Thetheorydidnotincur ecclesiasticalcensureuntilfurtherpublicitywasgiventoitby thecelebratedItalianscientist, Galileo(1564-1642)-hediedat theripeoldageof78.Asthis theoryseemedtocontradictpas-

sagesintheBiblewhichsaidthe earthwasimmovable(Ps.ciii., 5),andthatthesunstoodstill intheheavens(JosueX.,13), itwascondemnedbytheInquisition(1616)aserroneousand contrarytoHolyScripture,and Galileowasforbiddentoteach it.ForatimeGalileoobeyed; butin1632hepublishedawork againdefendingtheopinionof Copernicus.Hewasobligedby theInquisitiontorecant(1633), andwasimprisoned,thatis,obligedtoresideinhisvillanear Florence.Herehequietlyspent theremainingyearsofhislife engagedinscientificstudies.He (liedin1642,inpeacewiththe Church,havingreceivedonhis death-bedtheblessingofthe Pope.

ThetheoryofCopernicuswas laterprovedscientifically;and itscondemnationthereforeby theInquisitionwasaregrettable errorofjudgment.Itshould, however,beborneinmindthat CopernicanisminGalileo'sday wasanunprovenhypothesis,and thattheargumentsinitsfavour adducedbyGalileowereinconclusive.Itmaybeaddedthat eminentheologiansofthetime, suchasSt.RobertBellarmine, fullyrealisedthatiftheCopernicansystemoftheheavens provedtobetrue,itwouldbe necessarytorevisetheinterpretationofsuchScripturetextsas seemedtoassertthecontrary. Theysuggestedwhatallbiblical scholarsnowassert,thattheinspiredauthorswhenalludingto celestialphenomenaemployed currentmodesofspeechsuchas wecontinuetodowhenwesay: "Thesunrises.Thesunsets."

PRAYERANDTHEWILLOF

GOD

"SeekerforTruth,"Perth: "Sometimeago1readthelifeof the'HolyManofTours,'and wasgreatlyimpressedbyhis ardentfaithinprayer,which hebelievedwouldalwaysbe answeredprovidingonetrustedthatGodwoulddoso.He

heldthatafew,afterpractisingdevotiontotheHolyFace ofJesus,werenotcuredbecauseoftheirlackoffaith,as theyeitherdidnotbelieveGod wouldcurethemorthatGod wouldonlydosoifitwasHis DivineWill.Butifwehad totrustthatourprayers wouldbeansweredthenwe wouldprobablyhavenotrials andsorrows.I,however,find Icanonlyadoptthistheoryin casesofvitalnecessity,butin otherlesspressingmatters,I havetosayGod'sWillbe done.Couldyoupleaseenlightenmeonthesubject, Father?"

(ContinuedonPage19.)

PrewarPaintsandEnamels availableatHassell'sStore,5111. WellingtonStreet,Perth.

RandolphKnapp (W.A0.A.)

SIGHT-TESTINGOPTICIAN.

12ATWELLARCADE FREMANTLE-L15.2.

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OLTAINHIGHESTPRICES.SERVICE,andCIVILITY

YoungMan:"Thebestinthe wholeNavy,sir.Myjobisthe lowestonewe'vegot."

She:Whenwewerefirstmarried,youtookthesmallpieceof steakandgavemethelarger. Youdon'tlovemeanymore.

He:Nonsensedarling.You cookbetternow.

Jones:Raveyouheardthe storyofthetwostags?

Brown:No.

Jones:Deer,deer!

Brown:Haveyouheardthe storyoftheAberdeenchicken?

Jones:No,whatwasit?

Brown:Cheep,cheep!

Anegrowastellinghisministerthathehad"gotreligion," "Dat'sfine,brother;butisyou sureyouisgoingtolayaside sin?"askedtheminister.

"Yessuh.Ah'sdoneitalready"

"An'isyougv.-inetopayup allyohdebts?"

"Waitaminute,pahson!You ain'ttalkingreligionnow-youis talkin' bizzness!"

Youth(tofaircompanion): Haveyouevertriedlisteningto aplaywithyoureyesshut?

Voice(fromtherowbehind): Haveyouevertriedlisteningto onewithyourmouthshut?

Rejectedsuitor:Ihearyour sisterisgoingtomarryavery richman?

Herlittlebrother:Idon'tthink hecanberich-everytimewe talkabouthimdadsays"Poor fellow."

He:Mary,thismilliner'sbillis unusuallylarge. Ithoughtwe haddecidedtobeeconomical?

She:Andwehavebeen;haven't yougivenupsmokingandhorseracingandtheclub?

* * * *

"1amattheendofmyrope," remarkedtheloungelizardtoa chanceacquaireanceatthePalace. "Gladtohearit,"wastheresponse."Nowthrowawaythe buttandsmokeagoodone."

* * * *

Elsie:Myfiance,Dick,isso forgetful.

HerBestFriend:Yes,Inoticed that.Attheparty!actnightI hadtokeepremindinghimthat itwasyouhewasengagedto andnotme.

* *

Smith:Howdidyougetthe dayoff?

Brown:ToldthebossIwasgoingtoseethedentist.

Smith:Andareyou?

Brown:Yes-he'sourbest batsman.

* * * *

ProfessionalOperation.

"HaveyounoticedthatJones hashadtheshapeofhisnosealtered?"

"No,Ididn'tthinkhewasas vainasthat."

"Oh,it'snothingtodowith vanity.Itwasalteredsoon afterhehadinsultedaheavyweightboxer."

* WhyGrumble.

"Myfriend,"saidthehouseholdertothetoo-blusteringdebt collector,"doyourealisethatif allfellowslikemepaidtheir billspromptly,you'dbeoutofa job?"

Client(angrily):"Isay,this billofyoursis,adownrightrobbery!"

AngryCustomer(tossinga packageonthecounter):"Makes washingapleasure,doesit? Doesthewashingwhileyou wait,doesit?It'sthelittle flakesofsoapthat-"

Grocer:"Madam,onemoment, please.Thatisnotsoap."

AngryCustomer:"Notsoap?"

Grocer:"No.Yourdaughter askedforhalf-poundofgrated cheeseandahalfpoundofsoap flakes.Thisisthecheese."

AngryCustomer:"Mystars! AndlastnightImadeapud- ding-"

*

*

Mother:Bobby,doyouknow v:hatbecameofthetartsIleft inthediningroom?"

Bobby:"Yes,FidohasjusteatenthemasIcamein."

"Thencanyoutellmewho gavehimthesideboardkey?"

* * * "Haveyouseenmyhammer, Pat?" "No,Ihaven't,mate;you shouldbelikeme,haveaplace foreverything,andhaveeverythinginitsplace,thenwhenyou loseanythingyouknowwhere tofindit."

Duringanelectioninanoutlandishvillagetheorganisersof ameetingwerechasedbyan angrymobintothelocalclub. Thecrowdremainedoutside,booing. "I'mgoingtothewindow," saidthespeaker."IwilldispersetheinfuriatedpopulaceIwillmeltthem.-Iwillplay upontheirfeelings!"

"What,withoratory?"said one.

"No-withthefire-hose!" camethereply.

MereDetail.

Easterner:"IwasoutWest lastsummer." Westerner:"Thatso?Wasn't themhills-"

"Theoldbusaveragedthree hundredandfiftymilesaday."

"Wasn'tthemhills-"

"Wehadonlytwopunctures." "Wasn'tthem-" "Dideighteenmilestoevery quartofoil."

"Wasn't-"

"Didn'tstopatonegarage."

"Was-"

"Boy,itsurewasawonderful trip!"

"Yes,butthescenery?"

"Whatscenery?"

Thefranticyoungwiferang upherhusbandonthe'phone. "Oh,hubby,dear,"shewailed,"babyhasswallowedsomeof yourfilms.WhatevershallI do?"

"Sendforthedoctoratonce," hereplied,"andifanythingdevelopsletmeknow."

* * * *

"Whatisthatnoiseinthenext flat?"

"Onlythefatherknockingthe ideaofasummerholidayoutof thechildren'sheads."

a S

TheManagementacceptsnoresponsibilityforanylosssustainedfromerrorsoromissionswhichmayoccurinadvertisements.

Allenquiriesconcerningadvertisingshouldbeaddressedto theAdvertisingManager,"TheRecord,"460MayStreet, Perth.'PEIONZ:B61160.

GreatCriminalLawyer(who haswonhisclient'scase):"So wasyourcrime." * * *

Visitor:"Arethemosquitoes badaroundhere?"

Native:Bad!Saydidyouever hearofamosquitobeingconverted"

so generouslyused

Wednesday,

THECATHOLICANSWER (ContinuedfromPage17.)

A.:Thereisnodoubtthatfaith andconfidenceshowninprayer helpsgreatlytoobtainwhatwe askfor,provideditbeforour good.Itisthislastcondition whichisthekeytothequestion, forGodaloneknowswhatisfor ourgood;inthislifewearenot allowedtoseebehindtheveil. Hencewhileweareperfectly freetomakeknownourwants anddesirestoGodinfervent prayerinthehopethatHemay grantwhatweaskfor,wemust alwayshaveinourheartandon ourlipstheactofsubmissionto HisDivineWill,believingthat Hewillalwaysgrantwhatis bestforus.HeHimselfhasexhortedustopray:"Askandyou shallreceive,"Hehassaid(Jo. XVI.,24),and:"Ifyouaskthe FatheranythinginmynameHe sillgiveittoyou."(Jo.XVI., 23.)

AndChristOurLordjust meantwhatHesaid.

CHURCHCANNOTDISSOLVE

MARRIAGE

"ConfusedCountryListener," South-West:

Ihavealongletterfrom "ConfusedCountryListener," South-West. Iamafraidthat Icannotreadit,asitwouldbe toolongfortheSession.However,thequestionthatperplexes "ConfusedCountryListener"is howandwhenthepowerto bindandtoloosegiventothe ChurchbyChrist,istobeused. Hementionsaverysadcaseof amatrimonialtangleandwor, der,whytheChurchwouldr annulaformermarriagetopermitamanandtwomantolivetogetherashusbandandwife whentheyhadcontractedamarriagethinkingthattheman's firstwifewasdead,andthendiscoveredthatshewasalive.

"ConfusedCountryListener" wantstoknowwhythepower givenbythewordsofChrist: "Whatsoeveryoushallbindon earthshallbeboundalsoinHeaven,andwhatsoeveryoushall looseonearthshallbeloosed alsoinheaven,"cannotbeappliedinsuchacaseasthisand makethemanfree.

A.:WhenChristsaidtoHis Apostles,"Whosesinsyoushall forgivetheyareforgiventheim"

STANO'BRIEN, COURTHOTEL, PERTH

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ALLSUBJECTS-ALLEXAMS INQUIRIESINVITED.

andwhenalsoHesaid:"Whatsoeveryoushalllooseonearth shallbeloosedalsoinHeaven," HegaveHisApostlesandtheir successorsintheChurchthe powertolooseallspiritual bonds,torelievethefaithfulof allspiritualdebts,thedebtof temporalaswellaseternalpunishment.ButHedidnotgive theChurchthepowertobreak solemnhumanandsocialcontractsenteredintofreelyby menandwomen.Especiallydid Heemphasisetheindissolubility ofthemarriagebond,inafully consummatedmarriagewhenHe said:"WhatGodhathjoinedtogether,letnomanputasunder." (Mt.XIX.,6).

Ihope"ConfusedCountryListener"thatIhavemadeclearto youthatinthecaseyoucite, whichissadandinvolvinghardship,theChurchhasnotthe authorityfromGodtodeclare themanfreetomarryagain, whenhiswifeisliving,sucha cas,,hasnorelationtothepower ofbindingandloosing.

WHATWILLHAPPENONTHE LASTDAY?

StanleyF.Fuller,Bayswater:

"Beingaconstantlistenerto yoursession,andalsobeing veryopen-mindedonreligion, wouldbefavouredifyou wouldanswerthefollowing question: WhatistheCatholicversion ofwhatwillhappenonthelast day?Differentsectsha"e differentideas.somesaythat therewillbealong,loudtrumpetblast,etc.,etc.Willyou kindlytellmewhatyouthink willhappen."

Answer:Thesureguideasto whatwilltakeplaceontheDay ofGeneralJudgment,orasitis calledoften,theLastDay,is HolyScriptureandtheinterpretationgiventothewordsof HolyScripturebytheCatholic Church.

"Andthenshallappearthe signoftheSonofManinheaven.Andthenshallalltribes oftheearthmourn:andthey shallseetheSonofMancoming inthecloudsofheavenwitn muchpowerandmajesty.And HeshallsendHisangelswitha trumpetandagreat(loud)voice: andtheyshallgathertogether Hiselectfromthefourwinds, fromthefarthestpartsofthe heavenstotheutmostboundsof them. (Mt.XXIV.,30-31.)

"AndwhentheSonofman shallcomeinHismajesty,and alltheangelswithHim,hhen shallHesitupontheseatofHis majesty.Andallnationsshall begatheredtogetherbefore Him:andHeshallseparatethem onefromanother,astheshepherdseparateththesheepfrom thegoats.AndHeshallsetthe sheeponHisrighthand,butthe goatsonHisleft.Thenshall theKingsaytothemthatshall heonHisrighthand:Comeye blessedofMyFather,possess youthekingdompreparedfor youfromthefoundationofthe world. ThenshallHesayto themalsothatshallbeonHis lefthand:Departtrommeye cursed,intoeverlastingfire, whichwaspreparedforthedevil andhisangels."(Mt.XXV.,31.14;41.) NowtheChurchinterprets thesewordsofOurDivineMasterasfollows: ThattherewillbeaGeneral Judgment,heldbyJesusChrist inPerson,hasalwaysbeenan articleoffaithintheCatholic Church,asmaybeseenfromthe ancientcreeds.TheApostles' Creedexpressesthisbeliefin thesewords:"FromwhenceHe (Christ)shallcometojudgethe livingandthedead."

OurLordwillthencomeinthe cloudsofheavenwithmuchpowerandmajesty(Mt.XXIV.,30.) Allmenwithoutexception,the justaswellasthewicked,will appearbeforeHisjudgmentseat (Mt.XXV.,32).Thejudgment itselfwillembracealltheworks ofman,goodandevil,thoughts, cordsanddeeds.(Mt.XII.,36).

Withregardtotheformofthe LastJudgment,suchexpressions as-theseparationofthegoats

fromthesheep,thejuststanding ontherightandthewickedon theleftoftheJudge,etc.,the loudblastonthetrumpet,etc., maybeallegorical.Theirobjectistoshowthattheconduct anddesertsofeverymanwillbecomeclearlyapparenttohisown conscienceandtothewhole world.Tointerpretthesetexts literallywouldhardlydo,forthe reasonthat,asSt.Thomas Aquinaspointsout.(Suppl. qu88,art2),suchaprocesscarriedoutliterallywouldrequire anincalculablelengthoftime. Mostprobablythewholeprocedurewillbeoverinafewminutes.Bydivineillumination everymanwillinstantlycomprehendthestateofhisownsoul andthatofhisfellow-creatures.

Thewordsofthesentence, "Comeyeblessed,etc.,"willin allprobabilitybeactuallyspokenbyChrist.

HYPERBOLEINTHEBIBLE

"Q.,"NorthPerth:

"YousaythattheChurchteachesthateverywordofthe Bibleisdivinelyinspired,and that,althoughtheBiblewas writtenbymen,Godsawtoit thatnothingbutthetruthwas written."

Answer:Yes.YouhavestatedtheChurch'steachingcorrectly. "Duyousaythatthelastverse ofJohn'sGospelwasdivinely inspiredandthatthereforeit istrue?"

Answer:Yes,thatiscorrect.

ThelastverseofSt.John'sGospel,i.e.,C.XXI.,25,runsasfollows:

"Buttherearealsomany otherthingswhichJesusdid, which,iftheywerewritten everyone,theworlditself,I think,wouldnotbeabletocontainthebooksthatshouldbe written."

Youasknow:

"ShouldGodusepoeticlicenceor hyperbole,ormustweunderstandthatplainEnglish,when containedintheBible,does notalwaysmeanwhatitsays, andthatonlytheChurchis competenttosaywhatitdoes mean?But,ofcourse,you answeredthatquestionyesterday."

Answer:"1haveanswereda questionsomewhatsimilarbefore,butIshallgiveyouabrief replynow.Theauthorofthe BibleisGod,WhothoughHe usedmentowritethevarious books,sawtoitthattheywrote onlywhatHewilledthemto write,sothatHeisresponsible forallthatiswritteninthe Bible.Eachinspiredwriter, however,retainedhisownindividualityandhisownliterary style,andwroteforthepeople amongwhomhelived,expressinginthoughtsandwordsthey wouldeasilyunderstand,the truthsGodwantedhimtoconvey.Hencefiguresofspeech andotherliterarydevicesused inallwriting,willhavethesame use,andtobeunderstoodinthe sameway,whenemployedby theinspiredwriter.OurDivineLordHimselfinspeakingto thepeopleofhistime,madeuse ofalltheseliteraryfigures:and weunderstandperfectlywhat Hewishedtoconvey.Thus whenHesaysthatHewasthe doorofthesheepfold,weshould befoolishtothinkthatHe meantthatHewasreallyadoor. WhenHesaid"IamtheVine," or"IamtheLightoftheWorld," or"IamtheWay,etc.,"weunderstandHismeaninganddonot thinkoftakingthewordsliterally.SimilarlywhenHetold Hisparablestothedisciplesor others,itisnotnecessaryto thinkthatthestoriesHetold evertookplaceinreallife,e.g., theProdigalSonortheGood Samaritan.

Hyperboleisafigureofspeech recognisedinourlanguage:itis anexaggerationusedforthe purposeofheighteningthe effect.Thuswhenwereadin David'sLamentforSauland Jonathan:"Theywereswifter thaneagles,theywerestronger thanlions,"theexaggeration

doesnotoffendoursenseofthe truth.SoofteninShakespeare, e.g.,whenLadyMacbethsaysof thehandthathasmurdered Duncan:"Alltheperfumesof Arabiawillnotsweetenthislittlehand,"wedonotcavilwith thepoetforhislicence.

SewhenthelastverseofSt. John'sGospelsays:"Butthere arealsomanyotherthingswhich Jesusdid,which,iftheywere writteneveryone,theworlditself,Ithink,wouldnotbeable tocontainthebooksthatshould bewritten."Thehyperboleor exaggerationdoesnotshockus intheleast,butseemsaperfectlyacceptablefigureofspeech.

QUALITIESOFTHE GLORIFIEDBODY

Nextquestion: "Inarecentanswer,dealing withtheResurrectionofthe Body,yousaidthatthough theresurrectedbodyappeared tobeunaltered,therewasa difference;thatitwasnotthe physical,materialbody.Could youaddanythingtothatanswer?"

Answer:TheChurchteaches thatthebodythatwillbereunitedattheResurrectionwillbe identicalwiththeoneinhabited bythesoulonearth.TheFourth CounciloftheLaterandefines: "Allmenwillriseagainwith theirownbodies(thesame) whichtheynowhave."

Theologianssaythatwemust notunderstandtheidentityof therisenbodyintoobroada sense,norintoonarrowasense. Wemayconceivethisidentity r.accordancewithanytheory ofmatter,aslongasthereality

are

ofmatterisadmitted.Weknow thatinconsequenceoftheprocesstechnicallycalledmetabolism,thehumanbodyduringlife changesitsmaterialcomposition everysevenyearsorso.Hence therecanbenoabsoluteidentityeveninthislife.ThusSt. Thomasremarks:"Whatdoes notexcludenumericalunityinAl manwhilehelivesonuninterruptedly,clearlycannotexclude theidentityoftherisenman withthemanthatwas."(Contra Gent.IV.,81).

Theologiansholdthattherises bodywillenjoyfoursupernaturalqualities,viz.,impassibility, brightness,agility,andsubtility.Verylong-soundingwords, butwhatdotheymean?

Theymeanthattherisenbody willbeBeyondthereachof death,pain,anddiscomfort;that inthewordsofOurLordHimself,itwillshineasthesun; thatitwillbenolongerhamperedbytherestrictionsof spaceandtime(Mt.XIII.,43); andthatthebodyentersinto thefullpossessionofgrace, andparticipatesin,thehigher lifeofthesoultosuchanextent thatitmaybesaidtobealmost spiritualised.

1,114.4.4.14

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TheStoryofaRemarkableMan FatherWilliamDoyle,S.J.

Hesays,"Ihavebeenlivingin thefronttrenchesforthelast week,inaseaofmud,drenched totheskinwithrain,andmercilesslypepperedwithallsortsand conditionsofshells.YetIrealisethatsomestrangepurifying processisgoingoninmysoul, andthislifeisdoingmuchfor mysanctification.ThismuchI cansay:Ihungerandthirstfor holiness,andforhumiliations andsufferings,whicharethe shortcuttoholiness;though whenthesethingsdocome,I oftenpullalongfaceandtryto avoidthem.Yet,lately,Ihave cometounderstand,asneverbefore,thatitisonly'through manytribulations'wecanhope toenterthepromisedlandof sanctity.

"Then,inaddition,thereis thegreatprivilegeandjoyof tarryingOurDearLordnextmy heart,dayandnight.Longago, whenreadingthatPiusIX.carriedthepyxaroundhisneck,l feltafoolishdesire,asitseemedtome,forthesameprivilege. Little(lid1thinkthen,thatthe Godofholinesswouldstoopso lowastomakemeHisrestingplace.Why,thisfavourwould beworthgoingthroughtwenty warsfor!

"SometimesGodseemstoleave metomyweaknessandItremblewithfear.Atothertimes IhavesomuchtrustandconfidenceinHislovingprotection thatIcouldalmostsitdownon aburstingshell,feelingIcould cometonoharm.Youwould laugh,orperhapscry,ifyousaw meatthismomentsittingona pileofbricksandrubbish.Shells areburstingsomelittledistance awayonthreesidesandoccasionallyapiececomesdownwith anunpleasantlyclosethud.But whatdoesitmatter?Jesusis restingonmyheart,andwheneverIlike,Icanfoldmyarms overHim,andpressHimtothat heart,which,asHeknows,beats withloveofHim."

FatherDoyleseemedtobeara charmedlife.Hehadsomany narrowescapesfromalmostcertaindeath,thatthemenusedto crowdaroundhimwhenthe ,-hellswerebursting.Theysaid thatiftheywerenear"Little FatherDoyle"(theirtermofendearment;hewasnearlysixfeet tallandofsplendidphysique) theyneedfearnoharmfrom :hebiggestshell.

Oneofhismanyamazingescapesisrecountedinhisown words:

"Iwasstandinginatrench, quitealongdistancefromthe firingline,aspotalmostassafe asDalkeyitself,talkingtosome ofmymen,whenweheardin :hedistancethescreamofa shell.Itwasevidentlyoneof thoserandomshotswhichBrotherFritzsendsalongfrom timetotime,asnoothercame afterit.Wesoonbecamepainfullyawarethatourvisitorwas readingstraightforus,andthat ifhedidnotexplodeinfrontof ourtrench,hiscareerwouldcertainlycometoanendclosebehindus. Ididnotfeeluneasy, forIknewwewerepractically safefromflyingfragments, whichwouldpassoverourheads, butnoneofushadcalculated thatthisgentlemanhadmadeup hismindtodropintothetrench itself,acoupleofpacesfrom whereIstood.Whatreallytook placeinthenexttenseconds,1 cannotsay.Iwasconsciousof aterrificexplosion,andthethud offallingstonesanddebris!I thoughtthedrumsofmyears weresplitbythecrash,and1 believeIwasknockeddownby theconcussion,butwhen 1 jumpedtomyfeet,Ifoundthat thetwomenwhohadbeenstandingatmylefthand(theside theshellfell)werestretchedon thegrounddead,thoughIthink

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J.G.MULCAHY,Proprietor.

1 hadtimetogivethemabsolutionandanointthem.Thepoor fellowonmyrightwaslying badlywoundedinthehead;but I myself,thoughabitstunned anddazedbythesuddennessof thewholething,wasabsolutely untouched,thoughcoveredwith dirtandblood.Myescapewas nothingshortofamiracle,fora momentbeforeIwasstanding ontheveryspottheshellfell, andhadjustmovedawayacoupleofpaces. Ididnotthinkit possibleforonetobesonear ahighexplosiveandnotbekilled,andevennowIcannotaccountformymarvellousescape.

Insayingthis,Iamnotquite truthful,forIhavenodoubt wherethesavingprotection camefrom. Ihadmadeupmy mindtoconsecratesomesmall hostsatmyMassthefollowing morning,andputtheminmy pyx,asusual,butasIwalked throughthelittlevillageonmy waytothetrenches,thethought cametomethat,withsomuch dangerabout,itwouldbewellto haveOurBlessedLord'scompanyandprotection. Iwent intothechurch,openedthetabernacle,andwiththeSacred Hostrestingonmyheart,set outconfidentlytofacewhatever laybeforeme;littledidIthink wastobesoneardeath,or howmuchdependedonthatsimpleaction.Thatistheexplanationofthewholeaffair. I trustedHim,andIbelieveHe justallowedthistohappenon theveryfirstclayIgotbackto makemetrustHimallthemore andhavegreaterconfidencein Hislovingprotection."

Thefollowingincident, in Father'sownwords,willillustratehiswonderfulcharity-the charityofasoulonfirewithlove oftheGodofLove.The48th. Brigadeweregivenorderstofollowupanattackmadeonthe Germanlines-toconsolidate, and,ifneedbe,helptheleading Brigades.Hewrites:"inashort timethewoundedbegantocome in,anumberofGermanprisoners,manyofthemwoundedalso. Imustconfessmyheartgoes outtotheseunfortunatesoldiers,whosesufferingshavebeen ,terrific.Ican'tsharethegeneralsentimentthattheydeserve whattheygetandonebetter!

For,afterall,aretheynotchildrenofthesamelovingSaviour

Whosaid:'Whateveryoudoto oneofthese,Myleastlittleones, youdoittoMe'? Itryto showthemanylittlekindness Ican-gettingthemadrink,takingoffthebootsfromsmashed andbleedingfeet,orhelpingto dresstheirwounds,andmore thanonceIhaveseentheeyes oftheseroughmenfillwith tearsasIbentoverthem,orfelt myhandsqueezedingratitude.'

Nosacrificewasevertoogreat forhis"poorbraveboys,"ashe lovedtocallthem.Heusedto crawloutundercoverofdarknessandgivethemabsolutionas theyleftthetrenchestomake anoiselessandsurpriseattack ontheenemy.Wheneverdangertothemenwasgreatest, therewastheirsaintlyandbrave chaplaintogivethemthe strengthandcomfortofhisholy ministration.

Hewritesonanotheroccasion:

"OnceagainIhadevidenceof theimmenseconfidenceourmen haveinthepriest.Itwas quiteevidenttheywererapidly becomingdemoralised,asthe bestoftroopswillwhohaveto remaininactiveunderheavy shellfire.Littlegroupswere runningfromplacetoplacefor greatershelter,andtheofficers seemedtohavelostcontrol. I walkedalongthelineofmen crouchingbehindthesand-bag wall,andwasamusedtoseethe rippleofsmileslightuptheterrifiedlads'faces(somanywere mereboys)asIwentby.By thetimeIgotbackagainthe menwerelaughingandchatting asifalldangerwasmilesaway, for,quiteunintentionally,Ihad giventhemcouragebywalking alongwithoutmygas-maskor steelhelmet,bothofwhichIhad forgotteninmyhurry.

(ConcludedNextWeek.)

DearCornerites

Bythetimeyoureadthis,we shallbeonthethresholdofthe penitentialseasonofLent,which leadsuptothemostimportant andgloriousFeastofEaster Thisyearwegobacktotheageoldpracticesoffastingandabstinence.whichweresuspended duringthewar.

Ihopethatyouhavestudied yourCatechismwellenoughto knowthedifferencebetweenfastingandabstinence.Theformerreferstoalimitationonthe amountoffoodapersonmay take,whilethelatterrelatesto thekindoffood.Mostofyou willbetooyoungtobebound bythelawsoffasting,which onlyapplywhenyoubecome21 yearsofage.Butthoseofyou whohaveturnedsevenare boundtoabstainfromfleshmeat onFridaysandotherdayslaid downintheLentenregulations.

Now,inadditiontobeing faithfultothelawsofthe ChurchduringLent,itisgood forustodosomesmallactsof penanceofourownaccord.One ofthebestpracticesinthisregardistooffertheHolySacri-

ficeoftheMassonaweek-day. Thisinvolvesdenyingourselves alittleextrasleeponceaweek, and.ofcourse,thegraceswereceivethroughtheMassare greaterthananywecanobtain inanyotherway.Andingoing toMassweshould,ofcourse,receiveHolyCommunion. Ihope thoseofyouwhoactonthis suggestionwillnotforgetto prayfortheBusbies'Scheme.

Iknow,however,thatmanyof mylittlefriendslive inthe countrywhereitisnotonlyimpossibletooffertheMasson week-daysbutwheretheyare fortunatetohaveMassoncea month.Theycannevertheless dosomelittleactsofmortification,likedoingwithoutlollies, andsavingthepenniesforthe BushiesortheMissions.It doesn'tmatterhowsmalltheact is,solongaswearefaithfulin doingit.Suchactsarevery pleasingtoGodandhelpusto establishhabitsofself-control whichwillbeveryusefulwhen wegrowup. Nomore,now,children,but pleasedropalineduringthe monthtoyourloving AUNTBESSY.

OurLor Cousm

Inthethirteenthchapterof St.Matthew'sGospelwereadof St.SimonorSimeon,whoisdescribedasoneofOurLord's brethrenorkinsmen.Hisfather wasCleopas,St.Joseph'sbrother,andhismother,according tosomeearlywriters,wasOur Lady'ssister.HewouldthereforebeOurLord'sfirstcousin andissupposedtohavebeen abouteightyearsolderthanHe.

Nodoubthewasoneofthose brethrenofChristwhoarementionedintheActsoftheApostlesashavingreceivedtheHoly SpiritonthedayofPentecost. St.Epiphaniussaysthatwhen theJewsmassacredSt.James theLesser,hisbrotherSimeon upbraidedthemfortheircruelty. Theapostlesanddisciplesafterwardsmettogethertoappointa successortoSt.JamesasBishop ofJerusalem,andtheyunanimouslychoseSt.Simeon,who hadprobablyassistedhisbrotherinthegovernmentofthat Church.Intheyear66,which wasthedateofthemartyrdom ofSt.PeterandSt.Paulin Rome,civilwarbrokeoutin Palestine,asaconsequenceof JewishoppositiontotheRomans.TheChristiansinJerusalemwerewarnedoftheimpendingdestructionofthecity andappeartohavebeendivinely orderedtoleaveit.AccordinglythatsameyearbeforeVespasianenteredJudea,theyretired,withSt.Simeonattheir head,totheothersideofthe Jordan,occupyingasmallcity calledPella.Afterthecapture andburningofJerusalem,the Christiansreturnedandsettled amongtheruinsuntiltheEmperorHadrianafterwardsentirelyrazedit.WearetoldbySt. EpiphaniusandbyEusebiusthat thechurchhereflourishedgreatly,andthatmanyJewswere convertedbythemiracles wroughtbythesaints.Onthe

otherhand,St.Simeonhadthe griefofseeing,whilststillat Pella,thefirstseedsoftwoheresieswhichweretoafflictthe Church,namely,thatoftheNazareans,anarrowtypeofJudaisingChristians,andthatofthe Ebionites,whodeniedtheDiv inityofChrist,and,joiningthe ceremoniesoftheoldlawto thoseofthenew,permitteddivorceandtaughtmanysuperstitions.

TheauthorityofSt.Simeon keptthehereticsinsomerestraintduringhislifetime,but, asEusebiussays,nosoonerwas hedeadthantherebrokeoutof hellupontheChurchadeluge ofheresieswhichhadnothithertodaredtoshowtheirface openly.WhenVespasianand Domitianhadorderedthedestructionofallwhowereofthe raceofDavid,St.Simeonhad escapedtheirsearch;butwhen Trajangaveasimilarinjunction,certainJewsandheretics denouncedhimasbeingnotonly oneofDavid'sdescendantsbut alsoaChristian,andhewas broughtbeforeAtticus,theRomangovernorofPalestine.

Hewascondemnedtodeath and,afterbeingtortured,was crucified.Althoughhewasextremelyold-traditionreports himtohaveattainedtheageof 120-heenduredhissufferings withadegreeoffortitudewhich rousedtheadmirationofAtticus himself.