The Record Newspaper 05 February 1947

.Spain'sChoice FrancoorSovietism

FrenchRedsAimto EnthroneKremlin Allies'FatalDallianceWith LastHopeofEurope

EtROSSJ.S.HOFFMAN,in"TheCatholicWeekly,Sydney. l'rofessorRossJ.Hoffman,theauthorofthisarticle,isheadof theDepartmentofHistory,FordhamUniversity Graduate School.HerecentlyreturnedfromavisittoSpain,wherehe conferredwithmanypersonsinunisersityandthegovernment circles.Inadditiontobeingafrequentcontributortopopular andscientificpublications,ProfessorHoffmanistheauthorof "TheOrganicState,"theGreatRepublic,""DurablePeace," andotherworks.BorninPennsylvania,in1902,Professor Hoffmanisapastpresidentofthe.CatholicHistoricalAssociation.

OnNovember8,1942,aletter fromthePresidentoftheUnited States,explainingthepurpose oftheAmericanmilitaryinvasionofNorthAfrica,washandedtoGeneralissimoFranco.

"Spain,"wroteMr.Roosevelt, "hasnothingtofearfromthe UnitedNations,"andhesigned himself"yoursincerefriend." AccordingtotheAmericanAmbassador,CartlonJ.H.Hayes, whopresentedtheletter,Gene,alFranco"expressedappreciationoftheAlliedguarantees, andsaidthatheacceptedthem."

AtthattimetheFrancoGovernment,which,inpart,owedits existencetoaidgivenbyGermanyduringtheSpanishcivil war,wasactuallyassistingthe latter'smilitaryeffortagainst theSovietUnion.TheSpanish officialpositionwasambiguous anddifficult.Germaninfluence waspowerfulinthecountry,especiallysinceHitler'sarmyhad arrivedatthePyreneesin1940.

Francohadavoidedbeing drawnintoGermany'swaragainstGreatBritain,andforthis policyhehadstrongpublicsupport,butHitler'swaragainst theU.S.S.R.wasviewedinSpain asaverydifferentmatter,many patrioticSpaniardssincerelyregardingitasacrusadeagainst atheisticBolshevismwhich,they believed,wasresponsibleforthe catastrophethathadovertaken theircountryin1986.

Spainwas,therefore,virtually a:warwithRussia,andyet, venasshehadabstainedfrom positiveactsofinjuryagainst restBritainwhenitwasinher powertodothemin1940-1942, sushenowabstainedfromembarrassingthewareffortsofthe WesternPowersagainstthe Axis.Littlebylittle,asthe fortunesofwarandthedictates ofprudencechanged,sheloosenedhertieswithGermanyand madenewoneswiththeWestern Powers,untilbytheendof1944 herdiplomaticattitudecouldbe characterisedbytheU.S.Ambassadorasoneofbenevolentneutrality.

DuringtheyearsofthattransitiontheUnitedStatesdemandedmuchofSpain,includinga modificationofherunfriendlyattitudetowardtheSovietUnion. Withreluctanceandmisgivings, Spainmadeconcessionsevento thisdemand,butnotuntilafter AmbassadorHayeshadwritten

thefollowing(December27, 1943)totheSpanishForeign Minister: " thefactthatRussiais obtainingfromtheUnitedStates andGreatBritainveryimportantassistanceinthesuccessful wagingofitsdefensivewar,and! thatRussiawillrequiretheir continuingassistanceinthegiganticpostwartaskofreconstructionandrehabilitatingits ownextensivelydevastatedcountry,thisfactisakindofinsuranceagainstRussia'sbreaking withtheAlliesorpursuingpoliciesrepugnanttothemorto theprinciplesoftheAtlantic Charter."

IftheAmbassador'swords werenotapromisedestinedto bebroken,theycanatleastbe saidtorepresentanunfulfilled prophecy.Amongitsmany violationsoftheprinciplesofthe AtlanticCharterhasbeenthe SovietUnion'spersistentcampaigntoprovokearevolutionarypoliticalchangeinSpain. Russiadesiresnotonlyvengeance,buttheexploitationfor revolutionarypurposesofthe largestoreofideologicalfanaticismwhichtheSpanishCommunistspossess.Moreimpostantstill,theKremlindesiresa "RussianGovernment"inSpain, whichcanthreatentoclosethe WesternMediterraneanagainst BritishandAmericannaval power.

Sofar,thesegoalshavenot beenattained,butheadwaytowardsthemhasbeenmade.The FrenchCommunists,whoderive theirideasofforeignpolicy fromMoscow,areclosetohavingtheFourthRepublicintheir grasp;andtheywouldlike nothingbetterthantosendan armythroughthePyreneesto assistarisingagainstFranco. Small,irregularforces,infact, havealreadymaderepeatedincursionsforthispurpose.

Tothehistoriannothinginall thisisverysurprising,forRussianpolicyto-dayresemblesthat ofCzarAlexanderI.afterthe downfallofNapoleonicFrance. HesoughttoestablishhisdiplomaticascendancyatbothParis sadMadrid,tolinktherestored Bourboncourtsinalliance,and toattachthempoliticallytoRussia.Somighthebeabletobar theBritishNavyfromtheMediterranean,andisolatetheOttomanEmpire.To-daywesee adifferentideology,butthe

samehighpoliticalstrategy; fromMadridtoTrieste,Athens, Ankara,andTeheranthedetails oftheRussianoperationcanbe plainlydiscerned.

AndFranceexhibitsasimilar historicalparallel.After1815 shefoundherself,asshefinds herselfto-day,reducedinEurope,shutoutofGermanyand Italy,and,thereforetemptedto invadeSpain;which,atlength, shedid(in1823)withthemoral supportofRussiaandtheHoly Alliance.Theeventaroused theBritishtowarlikeanger,and thethreatofextendingtheaction'sscopetoSpanishAmerica notonlyevokedtheMonroeDoctrineintheUnitedStates,but inspiredBritishsupportofSpanishAmericanindependence movements.

Itwasanimmenseworld crisisinwhichGeorgeCanning, BritishForeignSecretary,spoke of"callinginthenewworldto redressthebalanceoftheold." ARussian-bakedFrenchinterventioninSpain(whichisthe specificdangerinthepresentsocalledSpanishquestion)inour timeswould.nodoubt,produce acrisisofevengreaterdimensions.

Allthisisprobablyrealisedby theAmericanStateDepartment, andyettheAmericanpeople haveallowedthemselvesrepeatedlytobemanoeuvredinamannercontrarytotheirowninterestandsecurity.insteadof developingthefriendlyrelations withSpainwhichservedthe UnitedStatessowellduringthe war,theybecamepubliclyhostiletotheSpanishGovernment aftertheretirementofAmbassadorHayesandthedeathof PresidentRoosevelt.AmbassadorArmourwasrecalledhome in1945,andnosuccessorwas namedforthatposition.The' recentU.N.O.decisionwithdrew allAmbassadors.America's grdatwartimediplomaticmachineryforpromotingitseconomicinterestsandmaintaining politicalprestigeinSpainwas dismantled.PresidentTruman gratuitouslyinsultedtheheadof theSpanishState,andtheUnitedStatesfollowedtheSoviet (ContinuedonPage12.)

Anti-4ClericalsDemand Pope'sDepartureFrom Rome

RemarkableCatholic

Reaction

LatestmoveinRome'santiclericalcampaignisademand thattheHolyFathershould leaveRome.Replyingtothis, theVaticanRadiodeclaresthat werehetodoso,thewholeglory ofthecitywouldbedimmed.

"Eversincethecomingof Christ,"saidtheVaticanspeaker,"thePopeandChristiancivilisationhavebeenRome'sgreat beaocnlight."

Theanti-clericalspokesmen supporttheirdemandbyacampaignofcalumnyagainstthe Pope.Oneoftheassertionsis thatpartofthemoneygiven duringthewartothehomeless andfoodlesswasStatemoney. Completelyfalsefigureshave beenpublishedinanattemptto substantiatethisstatement.VaticanRadiopointsoutthatof £422,000givenbythePopeto warvictims,onlyabout£21,000 wasgivenbytheState.

Itmayberecalledthatfora longperiodtheHolyFather's reliefworkwassubsidisedfrom hisprivatefundsplusthecontributionsreceivedfromCatholicsinmanycountries,notably America.LatercameanarrangementbywhichtheItalian State,theRedCross,andthe Vaticanagreedtosharecertain responsibilitiesjointly.

LateranTreatyAttacked.

Anotherdemandbytheanticlericalsisfortherevisionof theLateranTreaty(whoseretentionhasbeensafeguardedso farbythesub-committeeframingtheItalianConstitution). UrgingtheTreaty'smodification,SignorLelioBasso,writing it:theSocialistnewspaper, "Avanti,"declaresthatthe agreementwascontractedbya FascistStatewhichcouldnotinterpretaccuratelythesentimentsoftheItalianpeople.

"TheTreaty,"continuesBasso, "containsclausesnotinharmonywiththeItalianConstitution."Naturally,Basso'schief structuresaredirectedagainst thepositionofreligiouseducationandagainstthefactthat theCatholicreligionisthereligionoftheState.OnArticle 26,whichprovidesfortheteachingofCatholicdoctrineinState schools,Bassosays:"Webelieve thatthisagreementprevents trueaccordbetweenthedemocraticItalianRepublicandthe Church,andshouldberevised withoutdelay.TheChurch shouldunderstandthatwhenit actsinthiswayitplaysintothe handsofthosewhoseektoembittertherelationsbetweenItaly andtheVatican."

Theoffensiveagainstthe Churchwascarriedononanother frontbySignorRogerMaccari, editoroftheweekly,"Polio," whomadeageneralattackon theclergy.Forthishehas beensentencedtotwoyears'imprisonment"forinsultingthereligionoftheState."Maccari,in hisdefence,claimedthathehad nointentionofoffendingthereligiousfeelingsofothers,but wishedonlytocensurethoseof theclergywhomeddledinpolitics.This,ofcourse,istheargumentthatHitlerused,as Stalinisusingto-day,tocover persecutionoftheChurch.

CatholicDemonstrations. Therecent'demonstrationof loyaltyby250,000inSt.Peter's Squarehasnotbeenwithoutits effectontheanti-clericals.Much newsprinthasbeenusedineffortstoexplainitawayorto condemnitoutright."L'Avanti'criticisedthePopeforappearingatthemeeting,declaring,withapeculiarabsenceof logic.thatsuchanactionreducedthemeetingtothelevelof apoliticalgathering.Vatican Radioreplies:"Peopleforget thattheVicarofChrist,throughoutthecenturies,hasappeared tocrowdsandnoonehasattributedanypoliticalsignificance toHisappearances.Itisthe oldcryof'wolf.'Theattackers nowsaytheyareattacked.All tionstheseanti-religiousdemonstragivefurtherproofofthe dutytodeferdtheancestral faithoftheItaliansandthe ChristiancivilisationofItaly, outsidepartypolitics."

Catholicsarecontinuingto manifestpubliclyinRometheir loyaltytotheSupremePontiff.

LastweekCatholicYouthorganisationsgatheredinSt. Peter'sSquare,wheretheymarshelledinprocessionandwalked totheViminale.Therethey wereaddressedbythesecretary- generalofCatholicAction. A. resolutionaskingtheGovernmenttoputastoptotheutterancesoftheanti-clericalpress waslaterhandedintothePrime Minister'soffice.

CrucialStruggle.

InabroadcasttotheItalian people,VaticanRadiosaidthat thetravailofmankindwas "rootedinthegrowingtideof prideandanti-Christianity."The speakeradded: "Itisthehourofstrugglefor ChristandtheChurch.Noone mustlagbehindunlesshewishes tobebrandedatraitortohis faith.Thetimehascomefor everyCatholictofreemenfrom thecultofmaterialismandlead thembacktoGod.Itisupto eachoneofustoshowtheincredulousandthescepticalthat Christianitycansolveallmaterialandspiritualanguish."

(ContinuedonPage12.)

LoretoConvent,Claremont

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE.

B.Bodeker:Fivesubjects.,1 distinction.

J.Bodeker:Fivesubjects.

J.Coakley:Fivesubjects.

A.Gibbons:Sixsubjects.

M.McAleer:Sevensubjects,5 distinctions.

P.McKenna:Threesubjects.

M.Mallal:Fivesubjects.

S.Manson:Fivesubjects, distinction.

A.Meagher:Sixsubjects, distinctions.

V.Moseley:Sixsubjects.

J.Reeves:Sevensubjects, distinctions.

P.Vincent:Foursubjects. JUNIORPUBLIC.

M.Bendon:Foursubjects.

J.Birch:Sixsubjects.

S.Cavanagh:Fivesubjects.

M.Cullity:Sevensubjects.

D.Grimaldi:Sevensubjects.

M.McCutcheon:Sixsubjects.

P.Melvin:Fivesubjects.

M.Northway:Fivesubjects.

B.Prior:Eightsubjects.

B.Shilling:Eightsubjects.

P.Smith:Eightsubjects.

H.Thomas:Foursubjects.

R.Windsor:Twosubjects.

ALLIANCEFRANCAISE.

1 3 2

Preparatory:H.Bailey,L. Peterson,D.Walshe,J.Coles, H.Webster,J.Dunphy,A.Wells.

Violin:

GradeII.:P.Vincent(Credit).

GradeIII.:S.Cavanagh(Credit).

GradeIV.:ShirleyBirch(Exhibition,GoldMedal).

GradeVI.:P.Collier(Honours),S'heilaBirch(Credit),G. Walshe(Credit),M.Guilfoyle (Pass),T.Stewart(Pass).

Cello:

GradeV.:K.Flynn(Credit), M.Briggs(Credit),E.Edwards (Credit).

Singing:

GradeII.:A.Meagher(Exhibition).

GradeIII.:M.Mallal(Credit).

Theory:

GradeIII.:M.Eddy(Credit), P.Vincent(Pass),N.Barnden (Pass).

GradeIV.:M.McDonnell (Honours),R.Powell(Honours), F.Hegney(Credit),G.Prendiville(Credit),B.O'Dea(Pass), R.Molinari(Pass).

FirstSteps:ElmsMurray (Honours),JunePianta(Merit).

PreparatoryVerde-Speaking Choir:Merit. JuniorVerse-SpeakingChoir: Merit.

TEMPERANCEESSAYCOMPETITION.

CoralieSarre(Honours), ShirleyProsser(Honours),Kea Milligan(Honours),BettyBritten(Honours),EleanorSly (Merit),GlenysVernon(Merit), JimStevens(Merit),PatProsser(Merit).

CONFESSIONISNOFUN.

"Althoughinthetwothousand years'existenceoftheChurch therehavebeenbadpriests,bad bishopsandevenbadPopes, therehasneverbeenatime whenthepeoplelostconfidence intheConfessional,"said FatherJ.C.Heenan,D.D., Ph.D.,inhislectureatFoyle's ArtRoom,London,recently.

Makeyourownaccessories frommaterialsofferingin Foy'snewHomecraftSection. Hereyoumaypurchasespeciallyselectedskinsinsuitable lengthsforbags,belts,dress trimmings,cushions,table centres,etc.,atveryreasonableprices.Youwillfindthese materialsdelightfullyeasyto makeupandtheresultswill thrillyou.

Feltisanotherexcitingmediumthatoffersunlimited scopeforyouringenuity.Itis onsaleinFoy'sHomecraft Sectioninmanylovelycolours. Hereisagrandopportunityfor youtosavemoneybymaking yourownChristmasgiftsthis year.

GradeIV.:B.Shilling(SpecialPrize),M.Cullity(D.),M. McCutcheon(D.),P.Smith(D.), D.Grimaldi,J.Birch,M.Bendon, B.Prior,S.Cavanagh,M.Northway,M.Coakley.

MUSICEXAMINATIONS.

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

Piano:

GradeI.:D.O'Hara(Credit),

M.McDonnell(Credit),E. Moran(Credit),B.Bodeker (Pass).

GradeII.:K.Franklyn(Credit),K.Flynn(Credit),P. Scahill(Credit),M.Briggs(Credit),M.Albrecht(Pass),B. O'Dea(Pass).

GradeIII.:S.Clothier,P.Mel,yin.B.Sorensen,J.Hodge.

GradeIV.:L.Brown(Honours),S.Birch(Credit),H. Daly-Smith(Credit),Sheila Birch(Credit).,A.Doyle(Pass), M.Doyle(Pass),C.White (Pass),M.McCarley(Pass).

GradeV.:M.Webster(Honcurs),Y.Murcott(Credit),E. Fardon(Credit),G.Troop(Credit),M.Peterson(Credit).J. Cuddihy(Credit),J.Masel(Cre(NO,M.Adams(Credit).J.CollHer,P.Stewart,M.McAuliffe, P.Burke,J.Smith.

GradeVI.:J.Daly-Smith (Honours).M.Guilfoyle(Honours),Y.Durack(Credit),L. Briggs(Credit),H.Raphael (Credit),S.Quinn(Credit),J. Holbrook,M.Marischler.

GradeV.:S.Birch(Honours), ShirleyBirch(Honours),L. Brown(Credit),H.Daly-Smith (Credit),B.Sorenson(Credit), J.Daly-Smith(Pass),M.Webster(Pass).

GradeVI.:M.Bunker(Honours),M.Rowsell(Honours),M. Byron(Honours),J.Cuddihy (Honours),Y.Durack(Honours),A.Doyle(Honours),P. Burke(Credit),J.Masel(Pass).

MusicalPerception:

GradeHI.:V.Moseley(Honours),J.Reeves(Honours),B. Bodeker(Honours),J.Bodeker (Credit),A.Gibbons(Pass).

GradeIV.:M.Cullity(Honours),M.Northway(Honours), J.Hodge(Honours),P.Melvin (Ciedit).

TRINITYCOLLEGE. ELOCUTION.

Associate:A.Gibbons.

Intermediate:M.Byrne(Honours),P.Scahill(Honours),M. Doyle(Honours).

Junior:M.Eddy(Honours); Y.Durack(Honours),T.Logue (Credit),M.Byron(Credit),M. McCarlie(Credit).

AdvancedPreparatory:P. Stewart(Honours).

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

ELOCUTION.

GradeT.:P.Vincent(Credit).

GradeII.:J.Reeves(Honours).

GradeIII.: M. O'Sullivan (Honours),M.'McKittrick(Honours),M.Albrecht(Credit),M. Doyle(Credit). Theoretical:

GradII.:J.Reeves(Honours),P.Guilfoyle(Credit).

PresentationConvent, Collie

UNIERSITYOFWESTERN AUSTRALIA.

Pianoforte: PreparatoryGrade:AnnSmith, GilleanBentley,JoyceMitchell, JunePianta.

GradeVI.:BettyDawson(Credit),PatriciaPayne(Credit), NoleneWilliams,GrahamVernon,ShirleyAdams,BettyLittle, WendyTomasini,JeneanBentley,NormaNunn,BillHann, ValerieBestow,NonaMurray, JoanMumme.

GradeV.:MadgeSkerman (Credit),PatriciaSmith(Credit),MargaretDay(Credit), GlenysVernon,BettyBritten, EleanorSly.

GradeIV.:DoloresMcGeachie (Credit),CoralieSarre(Credit), IrisMcGill(Credit),Valerie Hansen,DorothyBastow,Denese Davies,PeggyDorsett.

GradeII.:MaryBickerton (Credit). Violin:

GradeVI.:JimRobinson(Credit),ArthurHann,KenEaton, JimLittle,ShirleyMitchell, MargaretMurray.

GradeV.:BillSkerman(Credit).

GradeIII.:JohnRobinson.

MusicalPerception: GradeIV.:PatSmith(Credit).

GradeV.:MadgeSkerman (Honours),DorothyBestow (Honours),DoloresMcGeachie

(Credit),BillSkerman,Jim Robinson.

TheoryofMusic: GradeV.:BettyBritten(Credit),DeneseDavies(Credit), IrisMcGill(Credit),PeggyDorsett(Credit),ValerieHansen, EleanorSly.

GradeVI.:JoanMumme(Honours).

ArtofSpeech: GradeIV.:PatriciaSmith(Credit). GradeV.:PeggyDorset(Credit),ErisPoole(Credit).

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE. AstridEvans:3subjects.

LindseyVernon:3subjects.

JUNIORCERTIFICATE.

HallamChamberlain:5subjects. VernonFord:3subjects.

TRINITYCOLLEGE.

ArtofSpeech:

SeniorDivision:ShirleyBurke (Honours),PatriciaSuraski (Merit),DoreenCubassi(Merit)

JuniorDivision:NoelleWilliams(Honours),ErisPoole (Merit),JanetteDavidson(Honours),ValerieHansen(Merite, GlenysVernon(Merit).

AdvancedPreparatory:Norma Nunn(Honours),JuneHenderson(Merit),CarleiPoole (Merit),JanetteHarriet(Honours),DawnDella(Merit).

Preparatory:ValerieKing (Merit).

Themajorityofthepeople outsidetheChurchhavelittle ideaofwhattheconfessionalis like,hesaid,andquotedadiscussionhehadwithanAmericanyoungmanatHarvardUniversity.Thisyoungmanheld thattheconfessionalisthesecretofthepoweroftheCatholic Church.Thepriestpassedon theinformationtotheBishop, theBishoptothePope,andthe Pope,apparently,tothewhole Catholicworld.Whataremarkablememorythepriest musthave!

Informationgiventothepriest issacredandnoreasoninthe worldwouldjustifyhisgiving anyinformationwhichcomesto hisknowledgeintheconfessional.Whatistheteaching oftheChurch?Everybodysays theApostles'Creed.EvenProtestantsbelieveinthedoctrine oftheforgivenessofsins.

PriestisJudge. Whatisthemethod?Reading theScriptureswefindthatOur Lordsaid:"ReceiveyetheHoly Ghost.Whosesinsyeshallforgive theyareforgiven.Whose sinsyeshallretaintheyareretained."Nobodycouldforgive orretainsinsunlesshehas someknowledgeofthecase.

Thepriestisajudge.Itis forhimtoabsolvethesinorretainit.Itisnotlefttohis whim,hisfeelings,orhismood. Heisboundtorefuseabsolution ifapersonisnotsorryornot preparedtotakestepstoovercomethesininfuture.

Apersonwhohasdonewrong isboundtogetsomestrength whenhetellsittoanother. Whenachilddoeswronghe willsharethesecretwithhis bestfriend,butthesecondwill tellathird,especiallyifheconfidesinhissister!Criminals givethemselvesupbecausethey cannolongerstandthestrain. Thereisadeepdesirewhenwe havedonewrongtosharewith anothertheknowledgeofour guiltbecausethatgivesus strengthandconsolation.

ItIsNotPleasant.

Christleftthepowertoforgivesins.Apriestispledged byhisordinationvowstogive hisliferatherthandiscloseany secretoftheconfessional.

ACatholicdoesnotlikeconfession.Lutherdescribedthe confessionalasthe"butchery ofsouls."Catholicsdonotlike confessionfortheveryobvious reasonthatnobodylikestosay havedonethewrongthing."

Catholicsbelieveinconfession becauseitistheteachingof Christ,becausethepowerwas giventotheApostlesandbyit theyareabletorisefromsin andcontinuealifepleasingto God.

KEOUGH'S

MagnificentMilitancy

ofArchbishopStepinacintheDock

"CommunistPartyinRealityMyAccuser"

"ISeeknoMercy;MyConscienceisClear"

ThefulltextofthefinaladdressfromthedockgivenbyArchbishopStepinac,ofZagreb,beforehiscondemnationbyaYugoetas,Communist"People'sCourt"to16years'imprisonment, hasjustreachedAustraliafromAmerica. ThetranslationfromtheCroatianlanguagewasmadebythe FathersoftheCroatianFranciscanCommissariatoftheHoly FamilyinChicago,whoreceivedthetextfromanabsolutelyreliablesourceinZagreb.TheArchbishop'sspeechispublished below.

Toallchargesbroughtforth againstmehere,saidArchbishopStepinac,Ianswerthatmy conscienceineverywayisclear (eventhoughthepublicridicule this),andIdonotseektodefendmyselfagainst,norappeal againsttheverdict.

FormyconvictionsIamable tobearnotonlyridicule,hatred andhumiliation,but-because myconscienceisclear-Iam readyatanymomenttodie.

HundredsoftimeshereIhave beencalled"theaccusedStepinac."Thereisnoonesonaive asnottoknowthatwith"the accusedStepinac"hereonthe defendant'sbenchsitstheArchbishopofZagreb,theMetropolitanofZagreb,andtheheadof theCatholicChurchinYugoslavia.

Youyourselveshavemany timesappealedtotheaccused priestsherepresenttoacknowledgethatonlyStepinacis guiltyfortheir's,thepeople's, andtheclergy'sstand.TheordinaryStepinaccannothave suchinfluence,onlyArchbishop Stepinac.

For17monthstherehasbeen wagedacampaignagainstme, publiclyandinthepress;furthermore,for12monthsIhave bottleactualinternmentinthe Archbishop'sPalace.

Theguiltofre-baptismof Serbsisascribedtome.That isincorrectterminology,forhe whoisoncebaptised,neednot berebaptised.Thequestion concernschangeofreligions, andofthisIshallnotspeakin detail,excepttostatethatmy conscienceisclearandthathistoryshallonedayrenderits judgmentinthismatter.

RemovalofPastors.

ItisafactthatIhadtoremovepastors,fortheystoodin dangerofdeathfromtheOrthodox.TheSerbswantedtokill thesepriestsbecausetheyrefusedthementranceintothe Church.ItisafactthatduringthewartheChurchhadto k-aversethroughdifficultieslike asnake-andthatforthesake oftheSerbianpeopleandwith theaimofaidingthemasfar asitwasatallpossible.

Thehonourablejudgehasproducedadocumentshowingthat IsoughtanabandonedOrthodox monastery(oncebelongingto ourownPaulineFathers)in Orahovica,inordertofillitwith TrappistswhomtheGermane haddrivenawayfromReichburg. Iholdthatitwasmy sacreddutytoaidmybrother Slovenes,whomtheHitlerites hadbanished,tofindtemporary shelter.

BecauseIwastheMilitaryOrdinary,gravecriminalityis nputedtome.Thehonorable dgeaskedmeifIdidnotconsidermyselfatraitortoYugoslaviabecauseinthismatterI soughtanunderstandingwith theindependentStateofCroatia.

IwastheMilitaryOrdinary fortheformerYugoslavia.I labouredduringthoseeightto nineyearstobringthismatter toadefiniteandsolidsolution. Thisquestionwasfinallysolved throughtheYugoallavConcordat,whichwasaccomplished aftergreatdifficulties,solemnly ratifiedintheParliament,but thenlefttodissolveinthe streets.

WhenthewarbetweenYugoslaviaandGermanynearedits end,Ihadtoextendspiritual aidtotheCatholicsoldiersof theformerYugoslavarmyand ofthenewly-createdindependentStateofCroatia.If,there-

fore,theStatehadfallen,but thesoldiersstillremained,then Ihadtoconcernmyselfwith thissituation.

Iwasnot"personagrata"to eithertheGermansortheUstashi;norwasIanUstasha,nor didItaketheiroathasdidyour clerksherepresent.TheCroatiannationunanimouslydeclareditselffortheCroatianState, andIwouldhavebeenablackguardhadInotrecognisedand acknowledgedthisdesireofthe Croatiannation,whichinthe formerYugoslaviahadbeenenslaved.

Ihavesaidanddeclaredthat Croatianswerenotallowedto advanceinthearmyortoenter thediplomaticcorpsunlessthey changedtheirreligionormarriedanon-believer.Thatis thefactualbasisandbackground ofmyPastoralsandsermons.

WhateverIhavesaidofthe rightoftheCroatiannationto itsfreedomandindependenceis iiicompleteaccordwiththe basicprinciplesenunciatedby theAlliesatYaltaandinthe AtlanticCharter.

RightofFreedom.

If,accordingtotheseprinciples,everynationhastheright toindependence,thenwhy shoulditbedeniedtotheCroatiannation?TheHolySee hasdeclaredthatbothsmallnationsandnationalminorities havearighttofreedom.Must, then,aCatholicBishoporMetropolitannotbeallowedtoeven whisperofthis?Iffallwemust, thenwefallbecausewehave doneourduty. DonotthinkthattheCroatiannationispleasedwiththis trial.orthatifyougivethem anopportunitytoexpressthemselvesI,asaresult,shallsuffer. Ihavehonouredandrespected thewillofmypeople,andI shallcontinuetodoso.

Youaccusemeasanenemy oftheStateandthepeople'sauthority. to-dayacknowledge yourauthority.Whowasmy authority?Imustrepeatagain: youweremyauthorityfrom May8,1945,andnotbeforethat. Whereisitpossibleintheworld toobeytwoauthorities:youin thewoods.ortheyinZagreb? ShouldIhavesubmittedto theauthorityoftheillegalSimovic.or-asyousay-"exiled" -GovernmentinLondon,orof thatinCairo.oryoursinthe woods,ortheirsinZagreb?Is itatallpossibletoservetwo masters?Thatcannotbe,accordingtoCatholicmorals,the lawsofnationsandcommon sense.Wecouldnotignorethe authorityhere,evenifitwere Ustasha.Itwashere.You havearighttocallmetoaccountonlyfromMay8,1945. Astomyso-calledactsofterrorism,youhavenoproof,nor willanyonebelieveyou.If Lisak,LelaSofijanecandothers cametomeunderassumed names,andifIreceivedaletter whichIneverread,thenifitbe acrimebecausemencameto me,Ishallaccepttheverdict withequanimity.

ConscienceClear.

Itdoesnottroublemyconscienceforissuingacertificate offreemovementtotheRev. Marie,forI(lidnotdosowith thepurposeofcreatingdison der,andforsuchguiltIwould gototheotherworldwithmy soulatpeace.

Whetheryoubelievemeor not,mattersnot.Theaccused ArchbishopofZagrebknowsnot onlyhowtosuffer,butalsoto die,forhisconvictions.

PresidentBakaric(ofCroa- tia)himselfacknowledgedtothe Rev.Milanovic:"WeareconvincedthattheArchbishop standsbehindtheseacts,butwe havenoproof."That,forme, issufficientacknowledgment.

Andnow,whatisthecoreof thecontroversyandourvicissitedes,andwhyhasnotapeacefulsolutionbeenreached?The Stateprosecutorhasmanytimes affirmedthatnowhereelseis theresuchfreedomofconscienceasinthisState.Iamfree tobringoutsomefactsshowing thecontrary.

Beforeall,Iagainaffirm:260 to270priestshavebeenkilled bytheNationalLiberation Movement.InnotonecivilisedStateintheworldwouldso manypriestsbethuspunished forsuchcrimesashavebeen imputedtothem.Thus,for example,thepastorofSlatina, theRev.Burger,asamember oftheKulturbund,shouldhave beensentenced,say,toeight years'imprisonment;but,no; youkilledhimbecausehe,infulfilmentofhissacreddutyas (lean,hadsavedthesacredvesselsofanationalshrine.

TheRev.Povoljnjakwas,withoutbenefitoftrial,murdered likeadoginthestreets.And thesamehasbeenthefateof accusedSisters.Innoother civilisedStatewoulddeathhave beenmetedout;only,atthe verymost,aprisonsentence.

Youhavemadeafatalmistakeinmurderingpriests.The peopleshallnotforgiveyoufor that.Suchisyour"freedom."

OurCatholicschools,builtat thecostofgreatsacrifices,have beentakenawayfromus.IfI hadnotreceivedseven offoodstufffromAmerica,we couldnothavedoneanything, andthatforthechildrenofour poorpeasantfolk.

SeminaryProperty.

Withforceyoutookawayall theseminaryproperty.You havedonenothinglessthan whattheGestapodidinseizing theseminaryatMokricaWeare notagainstagrarianreformstheHolySeehasissuedmany Encyclicalsonsocialreformsbuttheyshouldhavebeencarriedoutinagreementwiththe HolySee.

Ourorphanageshavebeen madeuseless.Destroyedare ourprintingestablishments,and Idonotknowifonestillexists. Wehavenomoreourpublications,whichhavesooftenhere beenattacked.

Isitnotmanifestlyscandaloustoupholdthatnowheredoes theChurchenjoy"freedom"as here?

TheDominicansgaveaspirit ualbook,whichwastranslated bymefromtheFrench,tobe printedatacostof75,000dinars.

Buttheyneverreceivedthese books.Howmuchdamagewas sustained Isthatfreedomof thePress?

TheSt.JeromeSocietyhas ceasedtoexist.Itisagraveoffenceagainstthepeoplethusto treattheirgreatestandoldest culturalinstitutions.Youhave reproachedmefortheworkof my"Caritas."ButIsayto youhere:"Caritas"hasperformeduntoldservicesforourpeople andyourchildren.

Thenthereisthequestionof religiousinstructioninthe schools.Youhavelaiddown therule:Inthehighergradesof thesecondaryschoolsreligious instructionisforbidden,andin thelowergradesitisaccording 'ochoice.

Howcanyougivetochildren therighttodetermineforthemselveswhentheyhavenotgrown up,whilethoseinthehigher gradeswhohavetherightto votearenotallowedfreedomof choiceinthisregard?

OurnursingSistersintheCatholichospitalsmustbearuntoldmiseriesandhardships.

Againsttheoverwelmingoppositionofthepeopleyouhave

ARCHBISHOPSTEPINAC.

-"Weshallfight,withalljust means,forourrights."

introducedcivilmarriages.Why didyounotinterpretthisfreedominaccordancewiththementalityofourpeople?InAmerica-whererulesawiserepublic -oneisfreetochooseeither civilorreligiousmarriage,and thatiswiser. Wedonotdenytoyousome controlovermarriageButit grievouslypainsourpeoplewhen theymustfirstofallentera civilbeforeareligiousmarriage. Ifyouhadturnedtouswewould havegivenyousuggestionson thismatter. BuildingsofsomeoftheReligiousinBackehavebeenconfiscated.SomechurchesinSplit (Idonotknowwhetheritisstill thecase)havebeenconverted intowarehouses.Churchlands havebeenseizedwithoutany agreementwiththeHolySee. Youhaveseenthatthepeople, becauseofyouragrarianreforms,refusetotakethatland.

No,thematerialquestionis theleastofourproblems.The sadthingisthis:Notonepriest orBishopisto-daycertainof hislifedayornight.Bishop SrebrriicwasattackedinSusack byyoungstersattheinstigation ofinfluentialpersons.Forthree hourstheytormentedhimand evenpenetratedhisroomwhile yourpoliceandmilitiamerely lookedon. AndImyselfexperiencedthe sameinZapresicawhenIwas attackedwithrocksandrevolvers.BishopI.ach,whenhe wason,aConfirmationassignmentacrosstheDrave,andeven thoughtheyknewhispurpose, wassentbackandheldthewhole nightintheprisonatKoprivnice.Infact,yourownmen whowereinthewoodscameto meanddeclared:"Thisisunbecomingconduct.Weshall protesttotheauthorities."

RocksHurled.

Rockswerehurledthroughthe windowofthehousewhereBishopBuricwasstayingwhileon aConfirmationtour.Bishop Pusic,asIheard,wasrecently theobjectofrottenapples,eggs, etc Such"freedom"weholdtobe anillusion.Andwedonot wanttoexistlikeoutlawed slaves.Weshallfight,withall justmeans,forourrights-and righthereinthisState.

Hereare-sothatyoumayunthreeorfourmoreexamplesof your"freedom."Intheclassroomsitisofficiallyaffirmed-in derstandwhywefight-some defianceofallhistoricalproofs- thatJesusChristneverexisted. Knowyou,then:JesusChristis God. ForHimweareready todie.Andto-day,itisyour teachingthatHeneveractually lived.Ifateacherdaredto teachthecontrary,itwouldbe certainthathewouldbecastout. Itellyou,Mr.Prosecutor,that undersuchconditionstheChurch isnotfree,butwillbeannihilatedinashorttime.

Christisthefoundationof Christianity.YouhaveconcernfortheOrthodoxSerbs.I askyou:howcanyouconceiveof OrthodoxywithoutChrist?How canyouconceiveoftheCatholic ChurchwithoutChrist?That isanutterabsurdity.

Intheschoolbooksitisstated thattheMotherofGodisan adulteress.Don'tyouknow thatbothforCatholicsandOrthodoxtheMotherofGodisthe holiestofthoughtsandaffections?

Youhaveordained,astheofficialdoctrine,thatmanorginated fromtheapes.Perhaps,some mayhavethatambition.But whyorderthatasanofficialtheorywhento-daynoscholarof worldrenownholdstoit?

Accordingtoyourunderstanding,materialismistheonlyworth-whilesystem.Andthat meanserasureofGodandChristianity.Ifthereisnothingbut matter-thenthankyouforyour "freedom."

Church'sAttitude.

Oneofyourmenofhigherinfluenceonceboasted:thereisno oneinthisStatewhomwe couldnotbringtocourtandsentence.

To wherebytheseoutrageouscharges youplaceusamong murderersandfriendsofterrorists,Isaytoyouthatnotall theevildeedsintheformerindependentStateofCroatiawere perpetratedbytheDemobrani andtheUstashi.

ItwasnoteasyfortheChurch, andmanydifficultieshadtobe ONeicome.

LetnoonethinkIwantwar. Letthepresentauthoritiescome toanunderstandingwiththe HolySee.TheChurchdoesnot recognisedictatorship,butsheis notagainsthonestunderstandings.Ifthatcouldbeachieved, thentheBishopswillknowwhat istheirduty,andtherewillbe noneedtoseekoutprieststo pointouttheir(theBishops') guilt,aswasdonehere.

Finally,Twanttosayafew wordstotheCommunistParty, which,inreality,ismyaccuser.

IfyouthinkIhavetakenthe presentstandbecauseofmaterialthings,youarewrong,for wehaveremainedfirm,even afteryouhavemadeuspoor.

Wearenotagainstworkers realisinggreaterrightsinthe factories,forthisisinthespirit ofthePapalEncyclicals.Nor areweagainstreforms.

ButlettheleadersofComn,unismallowustosay:ifthere shallbefreedomtospreadmaterialism,thenletushavethe righttoconfessandpropagate ourprinciplesCatholicshave diedandwilldieforthatright.

Iconclude:Withgoodwill,an understandingcancomeabout. Theinitiativelieswiththepresentauthorities.NeitherInor theEpiscopatearetheonesto enterthisbasicagreement.That isamatterbetweentheState andtheHolySee.

Astomyselfandastothe verdict,Iseeknomercy.My conscienceisclear.

BRYANT&WATERS

90to90STIRLINGST..PERTH

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J.NEILSON OPTICIAN

S.DANNELL,F.S.M.C.(London), W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST. T.LB2014, 16PLAZAARCADE,PERTH.

S.BEECBOFT,Butcher

181RokebyRoad,Subiaco.

OnlyPrimeFreshKilledMeatSold Phone:WISM

By FrancisGilbert

"NISEXCELLENCY"

Whateverindignityisimaginedtohavebeenheapeduponthe BritishCrownandtheAustralianpeoplebytheappointment ofMr.W.J.McKellasGovernor-General,seemstometobe ofpygmystaturecomparedto theindignityofthepressonslaughtsontheappointment. Evenoursobermorningcontemporary,whichenjoysadeserved reputationforrestraintoflanguageanddispassionatejudgment,wasdrawnintothevortexanddisgraceditscablepage withwhatcanonlybecalled "gutter"journalismfromthe SydneyPress.Whenthepersonalsketchofthenewappointeewasheaded''HisExcellency"(thetitlewasactually quoted)tointroduceamostpartisandiatribeofalmosttwocolumns.itseemstomethatthe limitoffaircommenthasbeen passed.Ifitisadisgraceto haverisenthroughhardwork andtenacitytotheforemostpoliticalpostinhishomeState, thenmanyagreatmanismulctedinturpitude.Thewhole pressbarragewasasickening business,contemptuousalikeof fairplay,soundreasoning,and democraticidealism.Aboveall i4wasadisgustingdisplayof class-consciousnessandsnobberywhichdemonstratedstartinglyjusthowthinistheveneer ofpopularsympathyabout whichthepressbaronsareconstantlyhowling.

Everyoneisentitledtothink whathelikesabouttheappointment,butletushavesomemoderationandjusticeinthetone ofthediscussions.Asforthe objectionsofthepoliticalOpposition,wemustmakedueallowancesfortherecognisedneedof makingcapitaloutoftheacts oftheGovernment.Themain pointwhichseemstohavebeen missedinallthisgrandiloquence isthatitallamountsindirectly toanattackontheKinghimself.Forevenacceptingthe generalviewofconstitutional lawyersthattheKingisbound

insuchamattertoacceptthe adviceofhiscounsellors,itis morethanalittlerashtosupposeHisMajestywouldnotbe privy.tothemoreobviousobjectionstotheappointment,and wouldnothaveprotestedaccordingly.Tosuggest,asMr.Faddendid,thattheKingwasmisledistantamount.tocallingthe Kingadupeandapuppet.

Everycitizen,asa"homoliber etlegalis"intheCommonwealth, objectsstrongly,butnotactively,againstpoliticalappointmentstopostswhereinthenominee'sonlyqualificationishis failureattheballotbox.But itisidleandhypocriticaltopretendthatthisprocedureisin anysenseanewdepartureinthe fieldofFederalpolitics.Itis a.well-knownpracticebothin AustraliaandintheHomeCountrytoappointtoimportantpublicofficemenwhohavebeenconspicuouslyfaithfultotheParty machine.Consideringtheinstabilityofthepoliticalarena,it isnotsurprisingandperhaps notblameworthyfortheaverage politiciantohavehiseyesand hisheartsetonsomesuchpoliVeal"plum."ThusonemayacceptthefactofMr.Menzies' being"appalled,notastheresult offrustratedambition,butas theconfessiontoalucrativelivingoutsideParliament.We sincerelyregretthatsuchthings arepossible,butwefearthe onlyalternativewillbegovernmentbytherich.Ofthis eventualityweneed,Ihope,say nothingfurther.Thecynical, ofcourse,willsaywehavealwaysbeengovernedbytherich. Andwhilethiscontentionhasa measureoftruth,atleastthe plutocratshavenotcomeout openlyasthepowerbehindthe Throne,ortheballot-box,if youplease.

Oftheappointmenttothe Governor-GeneralshipIhaveno opiniontoofferexceptthatit seemstomeofsuchdiminishingsignificancethatnecessary documentsanddecisions(in thesedaysofsuper-speed) mightwellbeforwardeddirectlytotheKing.

ButinanycaseitisveryinterestingtoreadinthePress thatcertainconfessedmaterialismwhowouldburstwithlaughteratthementionofangelsor devils,aretalkinginhighdeliriumabouttheinvisiblebonds whichtietheEmpiretogether.

Inthelastanalysis,andone whichisnever,evenaccidentally,mentionedinthePress,perhapstheVice-Regalpostcalls forsomequalificationswhich mayheaswellfoundinalegal degreeasintheaccidentof birth.

PROTESTANTFRACAS

Afewweeksagowedrew readers'attentiontotheactivitiesoftheEnglishNational UnionofProtestants.Sincethat timethehbovementionedorganisationhasagainralliedto thedefenceofits"Protestant Liberties."Thistimetheoffensivewaslaunchedagainstthe AnglicanBishopofOxford,Dr.

K.E.Kirk,andhaditssequelin theBowStreetPoliceCourt, whereacertain"Rev."Wilfred St.ClairTaylorwascharged with"molesting,disturbingand troubling''apreacherdulyauthorisedtopreachinSt.Mary LeStrandChurch.TheUnion's organisingsecretary,Matthew Perkins,wasremandedonbail thesamedayonachargeofinsultingbehaviour.

Aftercausingadisturbance duringaHighChurchservice, TayorandPerkinswereforcibly ejectedbytwopolicemen.Undeterredbythisactionbythe law,Perkinsaddressedacrowd outsidethechurchshouting, "Whydon'ttheclergyandbishopsprosecute?WehaveanallegedRomanCatholicMass beingcelebrated."Taylorsupportedhiscolleaguebydeclaring:"Wearefightingforfreedomofreligion.ThisisaProtestantChurchofEngland,and thesepeopleareRomanisingit."

Itisinterestingtolearnfrom reliableAnglicansourcesthat the"Rev."Taylorinquestion doesnotholdOrdersinthe ChurchbyLawEstablished,nor isheamemberofthecommunion.Mr.Taylorisanadherentofareligioussectknown asthe"FourSquareGospellers," andthegoverningdirectorofthe NationalUnionofProtestantsis ar. ex-Methodist,ex-Baptist minister,andnowamemberof thePlymouthBrethren.

SacredBookforitself.Many ofthesesectscannotevencome toanagreementwiththemselvesastowhattheyshouldbelftve.Suchisthetheoryof privateinterpretation. Completefreedomofreligious thoughtprovidingprivateinterpretationdoesnotleadtoabelief inCatholicideas.Unityoffaith isanunknownquantityinthe Protestantworld,butnomatter howdiversetheiropinionsmay be,allsectsareunitedinone thing,andthatisthecondemnationofeverythingsavouringof -Popery."IneveryHighChurch AnglicantheevangelicalProtestantseesa"Jesuit"indisguise,andinevery"Ritualistic Service"anattempttointroduce Popery.This,however,,snot thecase.ItiseasiertobonvertaNonconformistorLow ChurchmantotheFaiththanit isan"Anglo-Catholic,"whosincerelybelievesthathepossesses thetruefaithandclingstenaciouslytotheBranchTheory.The "NoPopery"bogeywhichhas beenlyingmoreorlessdormant iiirecentyears,onceagainraises itsuglyheadandCatholics wouldbefoolishindeedifthey didnotrecogniseinthesedisturbancesnotmerelyadomestic affairwithinProtestantcircles, butanindirectattackonthe ChurchHerself.

LegionofMotu

BankofN.S.W.Chambers, 65St.George'sTerrace (FormerlyC.G.M.Headquarters).

EXPOSITION:

ExpositionoftheBlessedSacramentisheldeveryThursdayinthe LegionofMaryChapel,atthe aboveaddress. AcordialinvitationisextendedtoallLegionaries, ActiveandAuxiliary,andtothe Catholicpeopleingeneral,topay avisitduringtheday.Exposition commencesafter8a.m.Mass,and concludeswithBenedictionat5.20

ROSARY.

PheRosaryisrecitedpublicly eachdayintheChapelat12.40and againat1.30p.m.MakeapracticeofvisitingtheChapelforthe recitationofyourdailyRosary.

LUNCHEONROOMS.

TheLuncheonRoomsareopen eachdaybetween12noonand2 pin. Acupofteaisobtainable atasmallchars*of2d.Thisservireisavailabletoall,andbusiness girlsareespeciallyinvitedtospend theirlunchhourinthehappyennronmentoftherooms.

0141111011411111.1.111111flUSMI.OUIHIMIONHOHM

CONSULT LAUBMAN&PANK (W.A.)LIMITED

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WeincorporatewithustheOpticalPracticesofOPTICALSUPPLIES(W.A.),LTD., OPTICALPRESCRIPTIONS(W.A.),LTD., FOY&GIBSON'SOPTICALDEPARTMENT, M.P.RYAN,Optometrist(lateOrientBuildings), AndHOLLYWOODMILITARYHOSPITAL.

Catholicsmustbeexcusedif theyfinditdifficulttounderstandthemotivesthatspura groupofNonconformistsinto takingactivemeasuresagainst aformofworshipcarriedoutby adenominationthecreedof whichtheyhaverejected.Itis astrangefreedomofreligious thoughtforwhichtheyarefighting.Thesituationisparadoxical,almostGilbertian,andis mostpuzzlingindeed.Onething isclear,however,andthatis,the mainobjectionraisedbythe UnionistheattempttointroduceCatholicdoctrineandritualintoaProtestantchurch. Protestantism,arisingoutof theideathattheBibleisthe soledepositoryoffaith,has brokenoutintonumeroussmall sects,eachsectinterpretingthat

IINNN:NN, an'tluRIhtethrlimandtheLi

Mr.DanielBolster,recently deceased,wasamemberofthe ,TrishNationalForesters'BenefitSocietyforsomefortyyears andmore.Hewasbornin CastleMagna,CountyCork, Eire,andcametoWestAustraliawhenquiteayoungman. Whilstagreatloverofhisnative land,heheldthelandofhis adoptioninhighesteem.Alwaysaprominentmemberofthe IrishNationalForesters,in whichbodyhefilledmanybranch andgoverningbodyoffices,as maybegleanedfromthefact thathewasanExecutiveCouncilTrusteeuptothetimeofhis death.Hewasamemberof theSubiacoCouncilforfourteen yearsandajusticeofthepeace. Hehadbeenaninspectorinthe P.M.G.'sDepartmentuptothe 'imeofhisretirementsome yearsago.Hewasafruitful memberoftheHolyNameSocietyandalwayslivedagood Catholiclife,respectedbyall Heleavesawifeanddaughter, andtwosisters,Mrs.A.F. Curtain(Brisbane,Queens- land),andMadge,tomourn hisdeath.Deepestsympathyisextendedtothemby themembersoftheI.N.F.and otherbodiesofwhichhewasa member.Mayherestinpeace. Amongthosepresentatthe gravesidewere:Messrs.R.C. Hambleton,W.Leahy,W. Smyth,W.C.Hunt,R.Shore,G. Phelps,A.Burns,0.Neill,R. Bousfield,E.J.Burke,J.George, NormanCasey,DickRaven,H. Daw,J.Moran,G.Tatham,F. O'Toole,P.Giles,TomBrosnan. JohnLeonard,A.F.Hiddlestone,J.Cope,I.MacGregor,E. J.McCormack,W.L.Tormey,J. McCarthy,W.Werrell,J.Quinn, A.C.Higgs.LionelT.Boas,J. Cadman,H.Inglefinger,A.Watkins,K.J.Duffy,S.J.Reilly,F. J.O'Connor,J.F.Leslie,G.I. Stevens,E.Reilly,J.Healy,Gus Shulman,T.A.Bastian,E.Withnell,D.Young,J.P.Kenny(repA.P.W.Union),A.J.Weirand G.H.Gale(LineInspectors, P.M.G.Dept.),J.O'Donoghue andP.Kelly(IrishNationalForesters),Cr.T.P.Neill,andMr. J.P.Bathgate(MayorofSubiaco);MissK.McGovern,Mrs. H.Daw,Mrs.L.Hickey,and Mrs.Fitzgibbon.

ACTIVITIES

DiocesanHeadquarters: NationalMutualBuildings,81St. George'sTerrace,Perth. 'Phone:B2546.

CATHEDRALBRANCH.

Picnic.

Buseswillleaveoutsidethe oldG.P.O.at10a.m.sharpfor thepicnictoRockingham.Cost willbe3s.,not3s6d,aspreviouslypublished.Itwillbea combinedY.C.W.-N.C.G.M.function.

Rally.

TheRallywillbeheldon TuesdayintheCathedralHall. Bringyourparentsalongand heldmakeitanenjoyableeven-ing.Supperprovided.

Cricket.

LastSundaythematchplayed atForestParkagainstMaylands ',suitedinadecisivevictoryfor Cathedral.NextSundaywe havedrawnabye,andsocricket practicewillbeheldinthe morning.

VICTORIAPARKBRANCH.

GamesEvenings.

Ourgameseveningsareheld onWednesdaynights;besides theusualgamesoftabletennis, darts,badminton,andquoits, weholda"quizsession"each night,whichhasprovedvery popular. RiverTrip.

Wearenowarrangingfor anotherrivertripinthenear future.

Dances.

Ourfortnightlydancesare stillprovingverypopular.Our hall,withitslargewindows,is idealfordancingthesehot nights.ThenextdanceisSaturday,February15.

FREMANTLEBRANCH.

SummerCamp.

TheY.C.W.Leaders'Summer Camp,heldrecentlyatAquinas, waswellattendedby64leaders, ofwhomeightrepresentedFremantleBranch.Someveryimportantpointswerediscussedin aseriesofconferences,andthere shouldbemanyimprovements soonintherunningofboththe leaders'groupandthebranch meetings.

Y.C.W.-N.C.G.M.Picnic.

OnFebruary23theY.C.W., inconjunctionwiththeN.C.G.M., areholdingapicnictoRottnest. However,theonlyboatwehave atourdisposalforthatdate onlyholdsapproximately'70passengers,soweregretwemust confineticketstothemembers onlyofeitherMovement.

HIGHGATEBRANCH.

Attheannualgeneralelections,heldatthelastbranch meeting,thefollowingmemberswereelectedtotheexecutivecommittee,toholdofficefor theforthcomingtwelvemonths: Vice-president,JackLynch;secretary,HarryEaston;treasurer, PeterO'Me;warden,DonSinclair;propagandist,NeilSmith; savingsschemeofficers,PatBrophy,JohnNorton;socialcommittee,ColinRussell,GeoffSmith, DanThomas;sportscommittee, KeithMarsh,TomO'Dwyer, LaurieRaphael.

ThePresident,RonGardiner, welcomedthenewexecutive,and thankedtheretiringmembers forthemannerinwhichthey carriedouttheirduties.

Amotion,tochangethetime ofthemeetingsfrom8p.m.to ¶1p.m.,sothatmemberswhogo onightschoolcanattend,was assed.Thehallwillbeopeneat8p.m.asusual.andtheinterveninghourwillbespentin socialactivities.Thischange comesintooperationimmediately.

Articlesonanyinteresting subjectareneededforpublicationin"NewYouth."Lackof localnewshasanadverseeffect onthesalesofthispaperinour parish,anditisuptoustorectifythismatterassoonaspossible.Sendyourarticletothe branchpropagandistandhewill forwarditimmediatelyto"New Youth."

Cricket.

AtForrestParkHighgatedefeatedLeedervilleratherconvincinglyinthelastmatchof thefirstround.

JoeRussell,54(retired).and JohnLyons,18notout,scored thelion'sshareofthehome

team'stotalofsix(declared)for 102runs.

Leedervillebattledhard,but KeithMarshandBillMcPherson wererightontopofthevisiting batsmen,andmainlythrough theireffortsLeedervillewereall outfor58. R.Bradbury,showingscant respectfortheHighgatebowling,top-scoredforhisteamwith asolid22.

National Catholic Girls'

MOVEMENT

DIOCESANHEADQUARTERS, 81St.George'sTerrace,Perth. B2546.

CATHOLICWOMEN'S LEAGUE

GeneralMeeting,Wednesday, February12,at2.30p.m.

Highgatebranchmembersare hostesses.

Pleasenotelistofmeetingsto beheldatDiocesanHeadquarters.Thismonth: ExecutiveMeetings: 10and24,at8p.m.

February

MarionLodgeCommitteeMeetings:Wednesday,February5, andFebruary19,at6p.m.

Leaders'RetreatatMarian

Lodge:February22and23 (Fourth'Sunday);March22 and23(alsoFourthSunday). FREMANTLEBRANCH.

WeddingBells.

OnJanuary27,atthelittle ChurchofSt.Joseph,Malvern, Victoria,TessMcLindenbecame Mrs.EugeneGiennon.Tess hasbeenamemberoftheMovementsinceitsinauguration,and herresignationmeantagreat losstoourbranch.Wewishto extendtoTessandGeneour verybestwishesfortheirfuture happiness. ActivityNotes.

Fromanobserver'spointof viewitseemsthatnotonlyhave newactivitiessprungintoexistencesincethecommencementof theNewYear,butalsosomeof ourveryfirsthavereturnedto favour.TheChoirisagainto theforefrontundertheabledirectionofMarieRutherfordand Fiery]Mills.Practiceison Thursdaynightsat8p.m.,alternatingwithourdance.Itisto behopedtherewillbeenough enthusiaststotakeoverthesingingoftheBenedictionandStation,oftheCrossduringLentin St.Patrick's.

Thissummersoftballhas againcomeintoitsownonSaturdayafternoon.Westillneed afewmoretomakeuptwo teams. Thesenightsthereisavery enthusiasticrollupatourbranch meeting.Thesetaketheform offortnightlysocialsonalternateTuesdaynights,ournext beingheldonFebruary11.

Dances.

Ournextdancewillbeheldon Thursday,February13.

LEEDERVILLEBRANCH.

Tennis.

Thisisourlatestactivity,but it'sgrowingveryquickly.Every Thursdayevening,from8to11 p.m.,isthetimeforouryoung playerstogatherattheWorthy ParkCourts,attheCharles streetendofBourke-street.

PhysicalTraining.

Physicaltrainingwillbeheld infuturebeforethegeneral meetingsat7.45p.m. GeneralMeeting.

Thenextgeneralmeetingwill beheldonWednesday,February 19,intheParishHall. Rehearsals.

OnthisSundayevening(February9)allthosewhoareinthe chorusorwhoaresingingsolo willberequiredatKeatings' placeafterDevotions,asrecordingsaretobemadeofthe voices.

Dance. Ournextfortnightlydance willbeheldonFridayweek, February21.

HIGHGATEHILLBRANCH.

GeneralMeeting.

About40membersattended thelastgeneralmeeting,held onJanuary23.Thenextgeneralmeetingwillbeheldon February6.Wewouldliketo seeallmembersattend,asyearlyelectionsaretobeheld. Ballet. Balletwillbeheldafter nextgeneralmeeting.

Dances.

Thenextdancewillbe onFriday,February14. Badminton.

the held

Badmintonisbeingheldevery SundaynightaftereveningDevotions,intheParishHall.

Allmembersareaskedtoas sistwiththeDistressedEuropeanPriests'Fund.Therooms areopeneveryWednesdayfor packingparcelsandknittingand sewinggarmentstosendaway. Apleasanteveningpartywas heldrecentlyatNestleHousein -ionourofMissMaryO'Connor, whoistohemarriedshortly. Gamesandcompetitionswere neld.Mrs.Shanahan'ssinging wasverymuchappreciatedby allpresent.Afteradelightful supperMrs.O'Sullivan,presidentoftheHighgatebranch, spokeonMissO'Connor'sster.inghelptotheLeagueandhow allregrettedherloss.TheRev ChaplainsupportedMrs.O'Sul :ivan'sremarks,andonbehalfof thememberspresentedtheguestiftheeveningwithawedding gift. MissO'Connorthanked allnresent,andsaidwhenever shecametoPerththeLeague :oomswouldalwaysbevisited dyher.Muchofthesuccessof :heeveningwasduetoMrs. FogartyandMrs.Macgregor, whodidallintheirpowerto ensureanenjoyabletimefor everyone.

N.C.R.M.

WOMEN'SRETREAT.

TheWomens'Groupofthe

N.C.R.M.atNorthamhasarrangedathree-dayopenretreatfor allCatholicwomenofthesurroundingdistrict. Womenwhoarenotmembers oftheRuralMovementareurged toattendthisretreat.Theyare askedtonotifyMissEileen Lynch16BurgoyneSt.,NorthamorMrs.Rodda.

Theretreatwillbeconducted byRev.E.Sullivan,D.D.Ph.D. whoischairmanoftheDiocesan CouncilofCatholicAction,and DiocesanChaplaintothetwo CatholicYouthMovements, Y.C.W.andN.C.G.M.

WOMEN'SGROUP,NORTHAM

Meetingstodatehavebeen wellattendedandkeeninterest shownintheGospelDiscussions fromwhichmuchspiritualhelp isderived.Inconjunctionwith theGroupatGrassValleyand SouthernBrookaChristmas Partywasheldat.GrassValley. Thefunctioncommencedwith RosaryandBenedictioninthe Churchafterwhicheveryoneadjournedtothehallcloseby.Theeveningwasspentincommunity carols,competitionsanddancing. AdelightfulpaperontheobservanceofXmasinvariouscountrieswasreadbyMissHelen Antonio.Supperwasserved afterwhichthesingingof "FaithofOurFathers'andAuld LangSynebroughtaveryenjoyableeveningtoaclose.Itis hopedthatmoreofthese"get-together"programmescanbearrangedbythevariousGroupsin thenearfuture.

TheGroupwentintorecess duringXmasandNewYearholidays,butmeetingsfor1947show thatmembersareanxiousto furthertheirknowledgeofthe Movementandencouragenew members.

Arrangementsarewellin handfortheWomens'Retreat whichwillbeconductedbyRev. Dr.SullivanfromFebruary1416.Attheconclusionofthe retreatameetingwillbeheld inSt.Joseph'sHallwhenthe functionoftheN.C.R.M.willbe explained,itishopedagood numberofnewmemberswillbe enrolled.

Invitationshavebeensentto thewomenofneighbouring groupstoattendtheretreat. CATHOLICMISSIONS

TheDiocesanDirectorofthe PropagationoftheFaithwill maketheAppealatallMassesin theParishofSubiacoonSunday, February16.

FortheCOLLEGEGIRL

Outfittingtheyoung

Girls'

Girls'SergeUniformsfrom

Girls'FlannelBlazersfrom

Girls'

Girls'College

Girls'PanamaHats 17/6

PUBLICEXAMINATIONS.

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE.

St.Joseph'sCony

rr;ntSchoo

ExaminationResults,1946

Boulder

MUSICANDARTOFSPEECH _RESULTS.

UNIVERSITYOFWESTERN AUSTRALIA.

Preparatory-Pass:Marilyn Hogan(Violin,83);EnaEpis (81);PatriciaFrank(80);MargaretBoylen (79); ValmaeCunningham (79); MargaretMacNeill (79); PatriciaLowry(78); JosephineKastropil (78); Velma Kosovich (77); JanetCarrington (77); JoanSullivan(74);GeraldineArdagh (74); VelmaGoj anovich (71).

GradeVI.-Honours:Nora Covic(85).Credit:DawnMartin(83);LynetteAylward(83); KevinCruickshank(Violin, 77); LinaRobustellini (75). Pass: DoloresSmith(73);Maureen Jones(Violin,73);Heather Jones(70);SylviaJordan(Violin,69); ConstancePhillips(67).

GradeV.-Honours:Marilyn Hogan(90);JohnHogan(86).

Credit:MaureenRyan(82); NoreenBettini(Singing,81); MargaretSharp(80);DonSteel (Violin,79);LorraineSteel(75).

Pass:BarbaraRymer(73);Hope Scurry(72);EthelRymer(67).

GradeIV.-Credit:Jennifer Hurse(Violin,76).

Grade11I.-Pass:Margaret Wood(73);Cath.Ryan(Violin, 65).

GradeII.-Credit:Teresa Brennan(Singing,75).Pass: DianaFrancis(73);Margaret Kennedy(71);NellieCrapella (65).

GradeI.-Honours:Cannel Crannage(86)(14inAugust); MargaretCarr(85).Credit: ShirleyCarr(Violin,78).Pass: MaxineStewart(67);BettyBanner(67).

MusicalPerception:

GradeIII.-Credit:Julia Linke(81);CannelCrannage (59).Pass:BettyBanner (68).

GradeII.-Pass:Cath.Ryan (66).

'theoretical:

GradeVI.-Credit: Kevin Cruickshank(80).

GradeV.-Honours:DonSteel (67).Credit:BrianLeeder (SO);MargaretWood(76).

GradeIV.-Honours:Nellie Crapella(91);DianaFrancis (89).'Credit:MargaretKennedy(79).Pass:GwenToia (72).

GradeIII-Pass:Maxine Stewart(68).

ArtofSpeech:

GradeVI.-Credit:Dolores Lmith(83).

GradeV.-Honours:JohnHo gan(85).Credit:Patrick Shanahan(82);MarilynHogan (78).

GradeIII.-Credit:Maxine Stewart(77);MaureenArdagh (75).

TRINITYCOLLEGE,LONDON.

Initial-Merit:BrianHogan (82). FirstSteps.-Merit:Joan Brown (80).

Preparatory-Honours:Noreen Bettini(Singing,85).Pass:Don Steel(Violin,71).

AdvancedPreparatory-Merit: MargaretSharp(78).

Junior-Pass:GwenToia(66).

Intermediate-Merit:IrisJordan(75).Pass:JoyPettit (67).

THEORETICALNovember,1945.

FirstSteps-Honours:Heather Jones(97);WilliamHerron (97);NoraCovic(95).

Preparatory-Honours:MarilynHogan(100);KevinCruickshank(97).

Murphy,ThereseM.:Sixsubjects. O'Brien,EileenE.:FivesubJunior-Honours:Margaretjects. Wood(97);DonSteel(94); BrianLeeder(92).

THEORETICAL-June,1946.

FirstSteps-Honours:Janet Carrington(96);VelmaGojano vich(95);ValmaKosovich(93); PamelaDavis(93);ValmaeCunningham(87).Merit:Margaret MacNeil(79).

Preparatory-HonOurs:LorraineSteel(97);LinaRobustellini(95);DawnMartin(95); MaureenJones(95);Margaret Cottrell(88);DoloresSmith (86).Merit:DorothyVujcich (82);MaureenRyan(79).Pass: WilliamHerron(70);Nora Covic(65).

Junior-Honours:Marilyn Hogan(96);JohnHogan(88); MargaretSharp(96).Merit: tylvia Jordan(81);Barbara Rymer(80).

AdvancedJunior-Honours: BarbaraToia(86).Pass:Gwen Toia(70).

Intermediate-Merit:JoyPettit(82);IrisJordan(80).

AdvancedIntermediate-Pass: MaxineStewart(69).

ELOCUTION.

FirstSteps-Honours:Valmae Cunningham(85).Merit:Pa triciaCocking(82);Pamela Mincham(75).

Preparatory-Honours:LynetteMartin(85).

AdvancedPreparatory-Merit: MaureenRyan(80).

Junior-Honours:Margaret Sharp(87);DoloresSmith(85).

Intermediate-Honours:MarilynHogan(85),10years.Merit: JohnHogan(82).

SouthPerth

MUSICRESULTS. 'UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

JUNIORCERTIFICATE.

Brennan,DonnaM.:Eightsubjects.

Hall,BerniceM.:Sevensubjects.

Macarthur,JoanK.M.:Six subjects. Murphy,RitaB.:Sevensubjects. Rose,CoralC.:Sevensubjects. Scott,Wria:Sixsubjects. Warren-Langford,RomaP. Eightsubjects.

ALLIANCEFRANCUSE

EXAMINATIONS.

GradeII.:Murphy,Therese M.;O'Brien,EileenE. Grade Brennan,Donna M.;Hall,BerniceM.;Murphy, RitaB. GradeIV.:Perry,Mary(Dist.); Fraser,Isobel.

Moora

MUSICRESULTSFOR1946.

UNIVERSITY-THEORY.

GradeVI-Honours:Gregory Herron(100);LeonieKay(98); GlenysBristol(97);ValerieKay (95). GradeV.-Honours:Denise Bristol(93);NancyPurser(90). GradeIV.-Honours:Valerie Broun(87).Credit:Dorothy Broun(83).

PRACTICAL. Preparatory:DelyseBeaver (SO);ValmaShaw(80).

GradeVI.-Honours:Robert White(85).Credit:Gregory Herron(81);NoelineKay(79); JeanNenke(78).

GradeV.-Credit:DeniseBristol(82);LeonieKay(81); Des.Kuhl(80).

GradeIV.-Credit:NancyPurser(82);DorothyBroun(80); ValerieKay(77);ElizabethPurPractical: ser(75).

GradeI.-Credit:MargaretGradeIII-Pass:Valerie O'Brien,ElaineSaunders,Mar-Broun(72). garetGeorke.Pass:Mena

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

GradeLI-Credit:RitaMurphy SouthernCross Scott. (Violin).Pass:Donna Brennan,ValdaBelcher,Isobel Fraser,MaryPerry.

GradeIII.-Credit:Rita Moore,TiudaHunt,EdnaPatman.Pass:MaureenByrne.

GradeIV.-Honours:June

Neil.Credit:ElainePriestly, JoanMassey,MargaretPriestly, DallasWalsh,NeilGarnaut. Pass:ViliaBaird,JudithHamilton,PatBogue.

GradeV.-Honours:Regina Hill.Credit:BereniceFranklyn,JosephGoerke,PamEllis, SallyHoney,JohnWilcox(Violin).Pass:ElsaCarroll,PaulineMurphy,BerylWright,MargaretThomson,VivienneBailey, HelenThomas.

GradeVI.-Credit:Therese Millikan,BerylParkes,Joan Mason,JaneAblett,KevinParker,RobinAnneBrennan,Faye Atkinson.Pass:MaureenCullen,DorothyPreston.

Preparatory.-Pass:Annette Parkes,EdithClarke,Barbara Ateridge,MargaretBlechynden, MarleneBell,PamO'Neil,NormaSprunt.

MusicalPerception:

GradeIII-Honours:Eileen O'Brien.Credit:MenaScott, MargaretGoerke,ElaineSaunders.

GradeIV.-Credit:ValdaBelcher.

Theory: GradeTV.-Honours:Donna Brennan,MenaScott.Credit: TrudeHunt.

TRINITYCOLLEGE.

Theory: HigherLocal.-Pass:Maisie Hammer.

Intermediate.-Honours:MargaretGoerke,ElaineSaunders. Merit:IsobelFraser,Mary Perry. Adv.Junior.-Honours:MaumenByrne,EdnaPatman.

Junior-Honours:JudithHamilton,DallasWalsh,PaulineMurphy,ValdaBelcher.

Preparatory-Honours:Elaine Priestly,SallyHoney,Beryl Wright,MargaretPriestly,Joan Strack,BereniceFranklyn,Pam Ellis,JuneNeil,RitaMoore, JoanMassey,PatriciaBogue, VivienneBailey.Pass:JaquelineWilliams.

FirstSteps.-Honours:Neil Garnaut,JaneAblett,Joseph Goerke,DorothyPreston.Merit: PamO'Neil.

Waroona -EXAMINATIONRESULTS,

1946.

UNIVERSITYOFWESTERN AUSTRALIA.

Practical.

Pianoforte:

GradeII.-Credit: Marie

Price.Pass:VioletCarter.

GradeIII-Credit:Roberta

Wyatt,GeoffreyHadley.Pass: MargaretO'Connell.

GradeV.-Credit:AileenRafferty.Pass:PatriciaWyatt.

GradeVI.-Pass:NeilWalmsley,MarieRafferty.

Preparatory.-Pass:MaryGianotti,MaryCaratti,JimIseppi. kiolin: GradeV.-Credit:PamelaEdmunds,JohnSalerian,JosephineO'Connell.

Preparatory.-Pass:Florence Heesin.

Theory: GradeJV.-Honours:Violet Carter. GradeV.-Honours:JohnSaler:an. GradeVI.-Honours:JosephineO'Connell.

TRINITYCOLLEGE.

Pianoforte: Intermediate.-Merit:Betty Faulkrer. FirstSteps.-Pass:Desmond Colum.

Initial.-Merit:JohnWalmsley.

Theory: Intermediate.-Pass:Betty Faulkner.

Preparatory.-Honours:Neil Walmsley,PatriciaWyatt.Merit: PamelaEdmunds.

Elocution:

Junior-Honours:Roberta

Wyatt.Merit:AileenRafferty.

Preparatory.-Honours:Kaye Warrilow. Merit:Veronica O'Rourke.

FirstSteps.-Honours:PatriciaWyatt.Merit:AnnetteMcCrory.

Kellerberrin

GradeI.-Pass:JeanReghenzani(65). GradeIL-CreditShirley Fickling(75).Pass:RubyNewbury(69).

Grade111.-Pass:HelenBarnes(69).

GradeIV.-Credit:Maureen Priest(77);InezTuana(Violin, 78).

GradeV.-Honours:R.McInnes(85).Credit:Therese Devan(83);JunetteBlythe(79); M.Armanasco(77);W.Peed (78);A.Winchcomb(75);J. Bateman(75).

GradeVI-Honours:M.Webb (86). Credit:D.Davey(77); J.Sholl(76).

Preparatory.-Pass:B.Devan (Violin,90);J.Newbury(Violin,87);E.Sholl(90);B.Whinfield(85);R.Rouchi(82);G. Harris(79).

MusicalPerception:

GradeIV.-Honours:R.Newbury(88);H.Barnes(85).Credit:S.Fickling(76).

THEORETICAL.

GradeV.-Pass:RubyNewbury(68).

GradeVI.-Honours:Miriam Amanasco(99);JanetBateman (89);JunettaBlythe(100); WendyPearl(98);JoanSholl (91);InezTuana.(87);Agnes Winchcomb(96).

Trayning

EXAMINATIONRESULTS.

UNIVERSITYOFW.A. (A.M.E.B.).

Practical:

GradeIII-Credit:C.O'Meara, J.Wise.

GradeV.-Credit:V.Gent. GradeV.-Pass:C.Wood,R. Yates.

GradeV.I.-Credit:G.George, I.Grossman,R.Farmer. GradeVI-Pass:A.Moulten, M.Gambrell.

Theory:

GradeV.-Honours:W.Appleyard.Credit:M.Gambrell,C O'Meara,J.Wise,C.Wood,R. Yates.

FluePipesfoiStoves,Batb Heaters,Paints,Varnish,Calco mine.BasseinStoresPerth.B6307

Pianoforte: GradeIII.:YvonneHastings, 88(Honours);ShirleyMcAuliffe, 78(Credit);HelenStandring,77 (Credit);DoreenKirby,75(Cre- dit);JeannineTodd,67(Pass); ShirleyWickens,65(Pass). Violin: GradeIII.:PearlKirby,73 (Pass).

MusicalPerception:

GradeIII.:ThelmaKirkham, 73(Pass).

Pianoforte: GradeIV.:HelenInnes,85 (Honours);MargaretDonovan, 85(Honours);WilmaWorts,76 (Credit).

Violin:

GradeIV.:ThelmaKirkham, 80(Credit).

Pianoforte:

GradeV.:YvonneMarsh,89 (Honours);BettySmith,76 (Credit);LeoJones,76(Credit); VernaLoton,75(Credit);Alison Hill,70(Pass).

Violin: GradeV.:YvonneHastings, 85(Honours).

MusicalPerception:

GradeV.:YvonneHastings. 100(Honours);HelenStandring, 100(Honours);MargaretDonovan,92 (Honours);Wilma Worts,86(Honours).

Pianoforte:

GradeVI.:BarbaraMontgomery,82(Credit);RonaldKirkman,78(Credit);ShirleyMitchell,77(Credit);ElvaGroves, 71(Pass).

PreparatoryGrade:Mauree Lane,89;RosalieLane,87;June Hobbs,87;JeannieScruth,86; FayCox,84;MargaretScott,84; PamelaMarsh,84;GloriaMartin,83;MaureenMartin(83); LucilleThornton,82;Maureen Mackin,81.

THEORETICAL.

GradeIII.-Honours:Betty Hastings(91).Credit:PaulineStarcevich(78).

GradeW.-Credit:Jeannine Todd(79).

GradeV.-Honours:Alison Hill(88);HelenAnneInnes (1,0);ShirleyMargaretMcAuliffe(89);BettySmith(88).

GradeVI.-Honours:Veronica Donovan(91);RonaldKirkman (91);YvonneMarsh(92).

Remember!AnnualHibernian Picnic,S.S."Perth"toKeane's Point,onSunday.February23, leavingPerth10.30a.m.Good Sports!Lotsoffun!Bringyour friends!

OnJuly9next,itwillbejust 100yearssinceMelbournewas createdadiocese.Sorapidhad beenthegrowthofVictoriaeven priortothegoldrushthatArchbishopPoldingrequestedthe HelySeetosetupthecolonyas anewdiocesewithMelbourneas theepiscopalSee.

HisGraceArchbishopMannix hasdecidedtocelebratethecentenarywithappropriateceremoniesandtheweek2-9May, nextyear,hasbeendecidedupon asthemostsuitabledate.

MONSIGNORLIGUTTIVISITS AUSTRALIA

FamousAuthorityonRural Settlement

Theexecutivesecretaryofthe AmericanNationalCatholicRural LifeConference,theAgencyof theUnitedStatesBishopsforthe revivalofrurallifearrivedin Australiaon17thinst.

Mgr.Liguttiwhoisalready wellknownthroughouttheNationalCatholicRuralMovementas jointauthorof"RuralRoadsto Security"willstudy"asmuch aspossibleofruralAustralia," particularlyheragriculturalcooperativesandopportunitiesof "landcolonisation."

GrangerProject

HisitineraryincludesanumberoflecturesinvariousdiocesesonhisfamousGranger HomesteadProject,ofwhichhe wasthesoulanddrivingforce, aswellasonhisagricultural studiesinNorway,Sweden, EuropeandtheUnitedKingdcm.

ThenameofMgr.Liguttiis GrangerHomesteadProject, whichwasinstitutedduringthe depressionyearsatthetownof Granger,nearDesMoines,U.S.A. TheGrangerHomesteadswere startedbyMgr.Liguttitorescue thecommunityofcoalminers fromthepovertyandhelplessnessthatwastheirlotandthe schemeisthegrandexperiment andproofofthevalueofhis teaching.HepersuadedtheGovernmenttopurchase225acres anderecthomesequippedwith modernconvenienceswhichthe familieswereenabledtobuyon easyterms.Withtheasiiistance ofinstructorsandGovernment aidthefamiliesweretaughtto producefoodstuffsathome.Agticulturalmachinerywasbought caaco-operativebasisandthe communityalsoactedco-operativelyintransportation,road makingandmaintenance,onpurchaseandmarketingandinrunningacannery.

StoryofSuccess ....Ahallhasbeenbuilt,avigorouscreditunionestablished,and theAssumptionHighSchool,conductedbyMgr.Ligutti,twoother priestsandsevensisters,hasan importantroleinaneducational development.

TheGrangerdevelopmenthas neverthelessthestoryofasuccess.Over90%ofthefamiliesare saidtohaverespondedwellto theschemeandvisitorsare struckbytheself-reliantand friendlyoutlookofthepeople.

NEWS

* *AND "OSSERVATORE"CITESVIOLATIONSOFPROCEDUREAT ZAGREBTRIAL.

Fiveviolationsofjuridicalprocedurewerecitedby"OsservatoreRomano"inrefutationof statementsmadebyJugoslav diplomatsinWashingtonand London,whoclaimedthatthe "trial"ofArchbishopAloysius Stepinac,ofZagreb,fullyconformedtoestablishedrulesand procedure,saystheNewYork "CatholicNews."

Onthebasisofanexamination ofdocumentsconcerningthe trial,"Osservatore"declares that:

(1)ThetrialagainsttileArchbishopopenedonlysixdaysafter thepublicationoftheofficialindictment.

(2)Thedefencelawyerswere permittedonlyoneinterview withtheArchbishop,andthe preparationofthedefencewas greatlyhinderedbythefactthat duringthefewdayspreceding thetrialtheclosestassociates ofArchbishopStepinacwere eitherarrestedorheldforlong questioning.

(3)Thepresidentofthetribunalthrewoutmanydocuments importantforthedefence;he alsorefusedtoacceptthetestimonyofmanydefencewitnesses, whileadmittingmanywitnesses producedbytheprosecution.

(4)Alargenumberofdocumentssubmittedbytheprosecutorhadnorelationtotheaccusationsbroughtagainstthe Archbishop,andtheauthenticity ofmanyofthosedocumentswas, tosaytheleast,debatable,and

(5)Theprosecutorwaspermittedtospeakforhourson everydayofthetrial,whilethe defencelawyerscouldonlyspeak brieflyonafewrareoccasions, withtheexceptionofthefinal summing-up.

HisEminenceCardinalJ.M.

RodriguesVilleneuve,whodied suddenlyrecently,aged63,had beenArchbishopofQuebecsince 1931,andamemberoftheCollegeofCardinalssince1933. HeenteredtheOrderofthe OblatesofMaryImmaculatein 1903,andwasordainedin1907.

ThelateCardinalwasaman ofoutstandingeudcationalattainments.Atvarioustimes hewasProfessorofPhilosophy, ProfessorofTheologyandfinallySuperioroftheOblate Fathers'Scholasticateat01taws.HewasaDoctorof TheologyandCanonLawatthe UniversityofOttawa,andreceivednumeroushonorarydegreesfromCanadianandAmericanUniversities.

Hewastheauthorofnumerousbooksandcontributedmany articlestophilosophicalandreligiouspublications.Hisworks ontheliturgyarestandard,and severalhavebeentranslatedinto English.R.I.P.

TurnasPresident

OTES

CHINESEPRELATEELECTED TOASSEMBLYPOST

ArchbishopPaulYuPin,of Nanking,China,hasbeenelected tothePraesidium,orsteering committeeoftheChineseNationalAssembly.

ThePraesidiumiscomposedof 55members,46ofwhomhavealreadybeenelected,whilethe othernineplacesarebeingreservedfortheCommunistsshould theychoosetoattendtheassembly.

ArchbishopYuPinwas16thon alistof178nomineesforthe committee,andwassupportedby theManchurianprovincesof Hsingan,LiaoningandHokiang, aswellasbytheKuoMinTang, althoughHisGraceisnotaffiliatedwithanyparty.

DuringthenominationsPresident('hiangKai-sheksentanode tothechairman.SunFo,instructinghimtoexplaintothedelegatesthatKuoMinTangcandidatesneednotbemembersofthe partyThisreferredtoArchbishopYuPinandMoTe-Hui, boladelegatesfromManchuria. Inhisnewofficetheprelate willtakehisturninpresiding deliberationsonthedraftofthe newconstitution.

TheArchbishopproposesto watchovertheinterestofthe Churchnegativelybyopposing anymeasurethatwouldinfringe ontherightsoftheChurchand positively,byproposingduring thediscussionstheprinciplescontainedinthegreatPapalEncyclicals.

AlreadytItroughhisinfluence avagueclauserestrictingliberty ofconsciencehasbeendeleted fromthedraftoftheconstitution evenbeforeitwasproposedto theassembly.

HewillalsoopposeanyState monopolyofeducationsuchas hasbeenputforwardbymanyof thedelegatesunderarions guises.

St.Gertrude'sCollege, NewNorcia

LEAVINGCERTIFICATEEX. AMINATION,1946.

M.Strickland:Sevensubjects.

C.Stanyer:Sixsubjects.

P.Groves:Twosubjects.

JUNIORCERTIFICATEEXAMINATION,1946.

A.Parker:Eightsubjects.

S.Urquhart:Sevensubjects.

K.Savage:Sevensubjects.

P.Curran:Sevensubjects.

P.O'Grady:Eightsubjects.

B.R,occhi:Sixsubjects.

Y.Herz:Sixsubjects.

C.Andrews:Sixsubjects.

E.Perry:Sevensubjects.

J.Oughton:Eightsubjects.

D.Portwine:Fivesubject,.

P.Smart:Foursubjects.

M.Meagher:Foursubjects.

E.Rumble:Foursubjects, 1945;Fivesubjects,1946.

M.Bianchini:Foursubjects, 1945;1subject,1946.

R.Wallis:Eightsubjects, 1945;Twosubjects,1946.

D.Lanigan:Tensubjects, 1945;Onesubject,1946.

P.Shine:Sixsubjects,1945, Onesubject,1946.

ALLIANCEFRANCAISEEXAMINATIONS,1946.

GradeII.-Pass:D.Lanigan, D.Horan.P.Groves.

GradeIII.-Distinction:J. Oughton.Pass:E.Rumble,R. Wallis,J.Lee,S.Urqphart.

GradeIV.-Distinction: M. Parker,P.O'Grady.Pass:P. Smart,I.Williamson.

MUSICEXAMINATIONS.

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

Practical:

GradeI.-Honours:D.Lanigan.Credit:N.Connolly.

GradeII.-Credit:P.Nolan, M.Parker.Pass:P.Horan,M. Lanigan,D.Portwine.

GradeIII.-Honours:T.Hough, K.Savage,Y.Herz.Credit:M. O'Sullivan,R.Wallis,I.Williamson,J.Oughton,S.Urquhart.

GradeIV.-Honours:F.Ciur. boules.Credit:M.Daddow,E. Gee.

GradeV.-Honours:L.Lanigan,J.Parker,B.Meagher.Credit:E.Kelly,C.Gibson,B. Smart,M.O'Grady.

GradeVI.-Honours:J.Fry. Credit:P.Strickland.M.Warburton,D.Louden.

Preparatory:D.Flanagan,A. Sissons. GradeV.(Violin)-Honours: T.Hough.

MusicalPerception: GradeILI.-Honours:N.Connoly,D.Lanigan,A.Parker,M. Bianchini,P.O'Grady.

GradeIV.-Honours:P.Horan, M.Parker.Credit:M.Meagher,M.Lanigan.

WANTED.

Wanoedurgently,aHousekeeper fortheNorthamPresbytery.Ap. plicationatobeaddressedtoParish Priest,CatholicPresbytery,Northam.

TennisRacquetsRestrungbyexpertsatWimbledonSportsDepot, 14BonMarcheArcade.

Remember!AnnualHibernian Picnic,S.S."Perth"toKeane's Point,onSunday,February23, leavingPerth10.30a.m.Good Sports!Lotsoffun'Bringyour friends!

VICTORIAHOTEL

HAYSTREET.SUBIACO. RenovatedThroughout. EssenceofComfort. W.F.MITTS,Proprietor. LateofBalmoralHotel,Vic.Park)

HOTELBEACONSFIELD

FREMANTLE

OverlookingtheOcean.

SuperiorAccommodation

M.BYRNE(LateofGrandand ShamrockHotels,Boulder.) ModeratoCbTree.

PianoTuningG.E.Dines

16DUNCANSTREET.

VICTORIAPAHL M1777.

CHINA,GLASSandPLATED WAREIMPORTERS.

Theory Grade1V.-Honours:R.Wallis,M.Daddow,P.Nolan,I.Williamson,T.Hough.Credit:K. Savage. GradeV.-Honours:F.Courboules,M.O'Sullivan,B.Smart, M.O'Grady,E.Gee,L.Lanigan, B.Meagher,M.Warburton. GradeVI.-Honours:E.Kelly, E.Hamence,C.Gibson,J.Parker,J.Fry,D.Louden.

OtleyPlace,offMurraySt. (rearSavoyHotel)

Convents,Colleges,Institutions andSchoolsSpeciallyCateredfor PriceLists

J.

TheVanishingMigrant

ParamountovereveryotherproblemwhichfacesAustralianotonlyto-daybutinthedistant,imponderable future,isthesappingofthelifespringsofthenation. Overthepast50yearsthefertilityofourpeoplehasfallen offtosuchanextentthatalreadyAustraliaisanageing community,threatenedinthenearfuturewithstagnation inherrateofnaturalincreaseandfinallywithdecline leadingtoextinction.TheCatholicChurchwasthefirst torealisewhatthefallingbirth-rateportended,and whileheruncompromisingdoctrineregardingdivorce, birth-preventionandabortionwasnotprimarilyinspired bynationalconsiderations,inthis,asinmanyothermatters,historyhasdemonstratedhowcloselyrelatedarethe observanceoftheNaturalLaw,theChristianFaithand theordinarysociallifeofmankind.Despiteeveryeffort onthepartoftheChurch,therehasbeennonotablearrest ofthedecline,anditmustreluctantlybeconcededthatno hopesforthefutureofournationcanbesolidlybasedon prospectsofnaturalincrease.

Hencewearedrivenbytherealityandtheurgency ofourpopulationproblemtotheacceptanceoflarge-scale immigration,andtheFederalGovernmentannouncedthe formulationofplansforanintakeof70,000migrantsper annum.Duringthepastyear,however,excuseswere alreadybeingmadeinthenameoftheshippingshortage andthemigranttargetwasreducedto35,000.Stillmore recently,ataconferenceofStateandFederalMinisters,it wasdisclosedthattheimmigrationquotaforthecurrent yearmaybeaslowas6,000.Thisisnotonlydisap. pointingbutitisdisquietinginthatitsuggeststhatthe problemisonlybeingtinkeredwith.'Thelackofshipping isundoubtedlyarealdifficulty,butitisonewhichmust beresolutelyovercome,andthereisreasontobelievethat theUnitedStatesmightbeinducedtocometoouraid. Unlesstheoriginalproposalof70,000migrantsperannum wasonlywildtalk,theremusthavebeenduedegardfor theshippingproblem,andtheAustralianpeopleareentitledtoknowwhathascausedsuchadrasticdegenerationintheposition.

AnothercomplicatingfactorhasariseninthatdesperateasAustralia'sneedofmanpoweris,thereisincreasing reluctanceinGreatBritain(ourchiefsourceofsupply)to partwithlargenumbersofyoungandskilledartisans. Hencewecannotaffordtobetoo"choosey"regardingthe nationalityofnewcitizens.Ifmigrantsaremoreeasily tobefoundontheContinent,letusbyallmeansaccept them,regardlessofprejudicesathome.Forthey:are manycompetitorsbesidesourselvesintheraceforpopulation,andsomeofthemhavedecidedlymoreattractive propositionsthanourown.Duecareseemstobeproposedinthescientificselectionofmigrantsaccordinglyas theywillaffecttheageandsexcompositionofourcommunity,ourindustrialneeds,etc.,butonewonders whetherenoughregardisbeingpaidtothedesirabilityof havinglargenumbersofindependentsmallfarmersand peoplewhohaveatraditonallyhighbirth-rate.Itwill nothelpmuchtoimportpeoplewhowillreadilybeafflictedwithourownreluctancetopropagatetherace.

DEATHS.

SHEEHAN.-PrayforthereposeofthesoulofMaureen PatriciaSheehan,killedinaccident,January30.1947.

DearMaureen,youhaveleft ustojoinwithyourloving Daddy.MayGod,inHis Mercy,grantyoupeace,is theprayerof'UnclePaddy.

KINSELLA,Mary(bycable):AtBalrath,Co.Meath,Eire, lovingmotherofJoseph(147 Vincent-street,NorthPerth), mother-in-lawofKitty,and grandmotherofRedmond, Mary,Peter,Kath.,and Michael.R.I.P.

INMEMORIAM.

McGEOUGH,Ellen.-Inloving memoryofNell,dearlybelovedwifeofWilliam,whopassedawayonFebruary5,1946. RestinPeace.

McMANUS.-Ofyourcharity, prayforthereposeofthesoul ofTheresaMcManus,who passedawayFebruary9,1940. SweetJesus,havemercyon hersoul.

MULCAHY.-Ofyourcharity, prayforthesoulofMary Bridget,whodiedJanuary30, 1946. SacredHeartofJesus,have mercyonhersoul. -Insertedbyherlovingfamily.

NAISRITT.-Ofyourcharity, prayforthereposeofthesoul ofDorothy,whodiedatAlbanyonFebruary2;aged92 years;belovedmotherofCharles,John,William(Melbourne),James,Christopher, Dorothy,Frances(Hills),and Edward. Mayhersoulrestinpeace.

QUAIN.-Ofyourcharity,please prayfortheeternalreposeof thesoulofMaryQuain,who departedthislifeonFebruary 5,1937.

-Insertedbyhersorrowing husbandandfamily. SMITH.-Ofyourcharity,pray forthereposeofthesoulof LilianMaySmith,whopassed awayatPerthonFebruary3, 1946. RequiescatinPace.

-Insertedbyherhusbandand family,Inglewood.

ACCOMMODATION.

Wantedboardandlodgingsfor girl,17,vicinitySubiaco,West Leederville.ReplyD.C.,this office.

Asinglefurnishedroom,in privatehome,twoadults.available;womaninreturnforlight duties.ApplyG.M.,thisoffice.

BOARDANDRESIDENCE.

Cananyonehelpayoungexservicemanandhiswife,whourgentlyrequirehouseorflat,preferablyunfurnished?Cansupplyreferences.Pleasereply E.J.D.,thisoffice,orring WM1720.

PERSONAL.

Refinedladywishesmeetgentleman,35-40;HolyNamememberpreferred.A.C.A.,this office.

SITUATIONSVACANT.

WantedHousekeeper.Apply CatholicPresbytery,Osborne Park.

AtCatholicinstitution,for bandyman;abletomilkand takechargeofvegetablegarden, etc.;singlemanormarriedcouple;nicecottageavailable.ApplywithreferencestoN.H., thisoffice.

HolidayResorts

MASSTIMETABLE,

Albany:

EverySunday:TAOa.m.and9.45 a.m.

DailyMassat7.30a.m.during schoolholidays;630a.m,a:other imea.

Bunbery: St.Patrick'sChurch: AllSundays:7.30a.m.and9.30 a.m. HolidaysofObligation:7a.m. andSa.m: SouthBunbury: Sa.m.onallSundays, Holidays.ofObligation:7a.m.

PlnjarraParish: Sunday,February2:9a.m. Sunday,February16:8a.m.

Fremantle: 7.9,and10.30a.m.

Beaconsfield: 7and9a.m.

Spearwood: ..3na.m.

('PHONE:B5754.)

TENTHOUSANDVOLUMES FORREADERSOFALL TASTES.

THENEWESTBOOKSINTHE FOLLOWINGSECTIONSARE ATTHEDISPOSALOFALL

SUBSCRIBERS:

Fiction-Biography-Travel -Westerns-DetectiveSociology-Devotional-GeneralHistory-ChurchHistory -Theology-Livesofthe Saints-Liturgy-EssaysNationalGeographicalMagazines.

TERMSANDCONDITIONS OFMEMBERSHIP.

City1bookexchange:10s.year. 2books:12s6dyear.

3books:15s.year. 4books:17s6dyear. Quarterly,4s(G'tee£1ontwo books). Half-yearly:7s6d(G'tee10s ontwobooks).

Country£115s.yearly(4booksand fortnightlyexchangeoftwo books). £1,sixmonths(ditto.) (Freightpaidoneway.)

ReadersMayRetainBooksfor TwoWeeks.3d.perweekon OverdueBooks.

SubscriptionCardsAreNot Transferable. ExtraBooksMaybeTakenat AnyTime.3d.perbook.

BEGINTHISYEARWITHA MEMBERSHIPTOTHECENTRALCATHOLICLIBRARY.

WARTIMEDISPENSA-

TIONFROMABSTINENCE TOCEASE.

ThedispensationfromAbstinence,whichasawar. timeprivilegehasbeenoper. atingIntheArchdiocese,will ceaseasfromAshWednesday(February19th.)ofthis year.Onandfromthatdate thelawofabstinencefrom meatonFridaysandother prescribeddayswillagainbe Inforte.

Rockingham: 10am.onallSundaysduringbeLidays

BusseltonandDistricts:

February9:Busselton,7,30a.m.:

Lowaramup,10a.m.

February16:Busselton,7.30 am.;MargaretRiver,10a.m.

February23:Busselton,7.30 sinMarybrook,9.30a.m.

March2:Busselteon,7.30a.m.:

l'undenup,10a.m. March9:Busselton.7.30a.m.;

C(marmirp,10am.

March16:Busselton,7.30a.m.: MargaretRiver,10a.m.

March23:Busselton,7.30cm.: Marybrook,9.30a.m.

March30:Busselton,7.30a.m.; Karridale10a.m.

April6:Busselton,7,30am.: i'undeoup,10a.m.

Scarborough:

EverySunday:Sa.m.

NorthBeach: EverySunday:5.11a.m.

OsbornePark: EverySunday:7.30and10a.m. 44

LentenRegulations,1947

SUMMARYOFTHEREGULATIONSFORFAST ANDABSTINENCE.

(1)OnFastDays,thoseboundtofastareallowed onefullmeal,at,orafter,mid-day.Inaddition,they areallowedtwolightmeals,oneofabouteightounces,at whichbutter,eggs,cheese,orfishmaybetakeninsmall quantitytheotheroftwoouncesorthree,atwhicha littlebuttermaybetaken.

(2)OnAbstinenceDaysfleshmeatandmeatsoupare forbiddentothose\Nil()areboundtoabstain.

(3)Lardanddrippingmaybeusedondaysoffast andabstinence,providedtheybeusedmerelyasacondimentorseasoning.

(4)AllFridaysaredaysofAbstinence.

(5)AllWednesdaysandFridaysinLentandin EmberWeek,andtheVigilsofChristmas,Pentecost,Assumption,andAllSaints'aredaysoffastandabstinence.

(6)Mondays,Tuesdays,Thursdays,andSaturdaysin Lent,andtheSaturdaysinEmberWeeks,aredaysoffast withoutabstinence.

(7)ThereisnofastonSundaysorHolidaysofObligation.

(8)St.Patrick'sDayisexemptedfromfast;alsofrom abstinence,unlessitfallsonFridayorontheWednesday ofEmberWeek.

(9)Whentwodaysofabstinencefollowoneanother immediately,thesecondisfreedfromabstinence.

(10)Thosewhohavecompletedtheirtwenty-firstyear areboundbythelawoffasting;theyceasetobebound byitwhentheyhavebeguntheirsixtiethyear.

(11)Thosewhoareindelicatehealthorwhoareengagedinexhaustingwork,arenotboundtofast.Of course,thosewhoareseriouslyillarenotboundbyeither fastorabstinence.

(12)Thosewhoarenotboundtofastareallowedto takemeatasoftenastheywishonafastday,whenever meatisallowedattheprincipalmealtothosewhoare fasting.

(13)Confessors,evenoutsidetheConfessional,can forasufficientreason,dispenseinindividualcasesinthe lawoffastandabstinence.

THEPASCHALPRECEPT.

OwingtothespecialcircumstancesofAustralia,the timeforcomplyingwiththePaschalPreceptofCommunion,extendsfromAshWednesdaytotheOctaveofthe FeastofSS.PeterandPaul.

CELEBRATIONOFMARRIAGE.

AccordingtothepresentdisciplineoftheChurch, Marriagemaybecelebratedatanytime.Thesolemn celebrationofMarriagewithNuptialMassis,Lowever, forbiddenduringAdventorLent,i.e.,fromthefirstSundayofAdventtoChristmasDay,bothinclusive,andfrom AshWednesdaytoEasterSunday,bothinclusive.

COLLECTIONFORTHEBUSHIES.

Iwishtoremindtheclergythattheannualcollection fortheabove-namedfundshouldbetakenuponGood Friday,eitherattheAdorationoftheCrossorwhatever sacredfunctionswillbegiventothefaithfulonthepreviousSunday,andtheofferingsfromeachparishwillbeforwardedtotheAdministratorassoonaspossibleafterwards.

WherevertheStationsoftheCrossareerected,the Stationsshouldhepubliclyperformedthreetimeseach weekduringLent.Theindulgencesmayhegainedalso privatelyandatanytime.

-0Pd-mturgionth;;tee, ArchbishopofPerth.

iseriminations

"KITIFIr

Thisfilm,fromParamount, withPauletteGoddardplaying thetitlerole,isbasedontheconventionalrags-to-richestheme, andinadditiontobeingmorally objectionableonalmostevery e point,"Kitty"isdefinitelyvery mediocrematerial.

Theactionsofitsprincipal charactersarefrankly,unabashedlyimmoral.Fromtheopeningscenes,whenthene'er-dowellnobleman,SirHughMarey (RayMilland)discoversthe guttersnipeKittyposingfor Gainsborough,downtothefinale,where,asaduchess,sheis thetoastofLondon-afatethat befellmanyanotherharlotof theperiod-neitherofthetwo principalsmanifestsonedecent motiveorprinciple.

Thestoryissetintheelegant, ifnotverymorallyhealthyatmosphereofeigtheenth-century London,andifwecantake seriouslytheeffortsofthosebrilliantresearchmenofHollywood, Londoninthosefar-offdayswas certainlyacolourfulspot.No wonderthefilmwasnotproducedintechnicolour.Itsuse wouldhavebeensuperfluous. Marey,animpecuniousyoung manabouttown,andanabsolute cadintothebargain(asfarasI coulddiscerntheonlyredeeming characteristicthatliftedhim abovethelevelofothercadswas hisabstentionfrominflicting hislanguid,witlesspersonality onradioaudiences),onedayon avisittohisfriend,Thomas Gainsborough(CecilKellaway), discoveredhimpaintingKitty. Mareyrealisesthatshecanbe transformedwithoutmuchtroubleintoaBeauty,andintoa Ladywithconsiderablymore efforts,andsetsaboutinPygmalion-likefashiontogroomherfor thebestsociety.Hisideaistoget hermarriedtotheaged,uxoriousDukeofMalminster,andso usethemarriageasaleverto gethimaninfluentialpositionin theForeignOffice.Hisplans receivedatemporarysetback whenKittymarriedawealthy merchant.Beforeherfirsthusbandhadtimetorealisetoany appreciableextentjustwhathe hadmarried,hequittedthisvale oftears:thedeparturebeingex-

peditedconsiderablybyoneof Kitty'smaids,who"gavehim suchapaltonthepateasmade hisbrainsforsakethepossession ofhishead,"toquotefromone ofthesimplemoralpiratetales GrandmotherGrouchointhe longagoreadtouschildrenbeforewewenttobed.Helped byMarey'sconnivings,Kitty thenmarriedtheDuke.In reelsevenshehasachild,and althoughherfirsthusbandwas theactualfather,shepretends totheagedDukethatitishis ownchild.Afterseeingthe baby,thesenileDukeshuffles alongendlesscorridors(reel8 consistedonlyofthis),entershis roomandexpires.'Nowforthe startlingandunexpectedclimax. Maybeyouhaveguessedit?Yes, that'sright.Kittyhasreally lovedMareyrightfromthefirst reelandsothepreciouspair marry.Coo!

Sadtosay,thissordidand stupidstoryissetagainstapicturesquebackgroundandis beautifullyphotographed.None ofthisartistry,however,can preventthefilmfrombeingrated asobjectionable,forthesimple reasonthatitlacksadequate moralcompensation.

PauletteGoddard,neververy popularwithme,appearedto workhardinthepart,buther effortstomaintainherCockney accentweretooblatant.Ray Millandwrestledmanfullyina roletoocolourlesstobeconvincing.ReginaldOwen,asthe decrepitDuke,whohadhiseye oeKittyfromthedayGainsboroughexhibitedhispictureof herattheRoyalAcademy,almoststolethepicture.SaraAllgood,whoisoneofthefinest characteractressesonthescreen, madeonlyabriefappearance. Shewouldhaveexcelledinthe partgiventoConstanceCollier, butinfairnesstothelatter,the rolewasmostcapablyhandled.

"Kitty"canbewiselymissed byeveryone.Neitherthestory itselfnortheperformancesare sufficientlypowerfultoovercome theauraofcheapsensationalism thatpervadestheentireproduction.Apoorshow,mymasters!

-"GROUCHO."

"ANightinCasablanca" "AWalkintheSun"

InterestingProgrammeContrast

Onceagainachange-of-proamme-weeklytheatreprovided amostenjoyableandwell-balancedscreenentertainment. I refertotheabovetwofilmsthat wereshownatacitytheatre duringtheweek.

"ANightinCasablanca" markstheverywelcomereturn oftheMarxBrotherstothe screen.Wasthereeversucha trioasthis?Itwasaboutthe earlythirtiesthattheirlunatic bombshellfirstshatteredus.I thinkthefilmwas"TheCocoanuts."Theyweremoon-struck monstrosities;crazy,contrariwise,no-how.Ihaveoften thoughthowmuchtheauthorof "AliceinWonderland"would haveappreciatedtheiressayin theinsane.Theirlatestofferingisfarfromtheirbestscreen work;nevertheless,ithasmany momentsofgoodfun.

Thestorydealswiththerecoveryofafabuloustreasure sneakedoutofEuropebythe Nazis,andhiddeninaCasablancahotel,wherethegangkills offonemanagerafteranotherin ordertorecovertheloot.The finalandmostsuccessfulmanager totakeoverisGrouchoMarx, andwithChicoandHarpotoassisthim,theevilgangisfinallyroundedupaftermuchfun hastranspired.

GrouchoMarx,withhispiercingeye,impossiblemoustache,

"OfHumanBondage

SecondScreenPicturisation01Novel

ff in"OFHUMAN

THELATEGRACEMOORE

andweirdpoise,hasalways struckmeasagreatercomedian thanthebasicallynon-comicfigureofBobHope,andhisgags areasquickandbrilliantasthe latter's.Chico'spianosceneis ascomicallydeliciousasever, andalthoughHarpoplayedonly oneharpnumber,hisenchanting comedymadeupforthis.

IsupposeIwouldbeneglectingapublicdutyifIfailedto pointoutthat"ifyoulikethe MarxBros.,youwillenjoythem here;andifyoudon'tlikethem, well. ."Theyeitherthrill youorboreyoustiff.Thereis nohalfmeasure.Ifyoucan appreciateLewisCarroll,EdwardLear,orOgdenNash(I canonlyfeelsorrowforanyone whocannot),youwillenjoythis brillianttrio.

Thesupportingfilm,"AWalk intheSun,"ismadeofsterner stuff.itprovidesanadmirable contrasttotheweirdhappeningsatCasablancainthesecond half.

Thoughthewardrumsare stilled-atleasttemporarilymanyofusdoubtlessfeelthat warpicturesareout-dated.Durin?thelastsevenyearswecertainlygotWarfromHollywood, andmanyofusfeelthedesire foramuchneededrespite.In thisfilmwarfarehasbeenpaintedwithmagnificentandunforgettablestrokes.Thisisnot

ELEANORPARKERandPAULHENREID, BONDAGE."

Thesecondfilmversionof SomersetMaugham'sbest-seller, "OfHumanBondage,"introducesacompletelynewcast headedbyPaulHenreid,EleanorParker,andAlexisSmith. Thefeatureisinitssecondweek attheCapitolTheatre,whereit isattractingsteadybusiness.

Thesupportconsistsofanumberofsurprisinglygoodshorts, thuscompletingaprogrammeof solidandsatisfyingfareforall typesofcinemapatrons.

AStoryofFrustration. PaulHenreidtakestheroleof theyoungmedicalstudent,who becomesthevictimofastrange fascinationforagirlwhomhe acknowledgestobelow-bred, callousandvicious.Inspiteof manyrebuffshepresseshisattentionsonherandtimeand againallowshimselftobeabominablyill-used.Infacthispatiencewithheristhecauseof ourimpatiencewithhim;forthe girl(cleverlyplayedbyEleanor Parker)isclearlyofthelowest typeanddoesnotatanystage revealasinglefineemotionor thoughttotemperthesheerevil ofherbehaviour.Thisisprobablytheworstfemaleportrait everbroughttothescreen,even withthecensor'shandstillapparent.MildredRogers,as sheiscalled,despisesherlover andfinishesasonemightpredictshewouldfinish-onthe streets,whereshecontractsdisease.

surprisingwhenonerealisesthe fiimhasbeendirectedbyLewis Milestone,whooncemadecinemahistorywith"AllQuieton theWesternFront."

Ithasbeenadaptedfromthe simplyandsuperblywritten shortnovelbyHarryBrown,a GIhimself.Itisclearand true-truenotonlyoftheAmericanswhomitdescribes,butof anygroupofsoldiers.The sagaofheroismistoldsocalmlythatlittleroomisleftfor theatricalism.Thestoryisa recordofaplatoonofAmerican infantrymenwholandedona beach-headatSalernobefore dawn.Theyhaveorderstoproceedsixmilesinlandtotakea farmhouseandanimportant bridgealongsideit.Thewalk undertheblazingItaliansunis packedwithdrama,fordeathis intheair.Wefeelthatwe alsoaremovingwiththeplatoon,movinguptheroadand sharinginthethoughtsand jokesofeverymaninthesection.ArethereGermansatthe bridgeorintheoldfarmhouse? There'sachance-aratherslim one-thattheyarenotthere.At lastintheheatoftheearly afternoonwecometothebridge, ourobjective.Besideitstands thefarmhouse.TheGermans arethereandpleetyofmachine gunswiththem.Thewalkin thesunhadended.Andhere thefilmstops,justwhereit should.

AsIremarkedpreviously,it isapitythatwehavehadso manywarfilms,becauseinits way"AWalkintheSun"isa minorclassic.Ifyouthinkyou canstandanothertensewar film,thendon'tmissit.Ithas something! -"GROUCHO."

TheActing.

Inthisfilmgoodperformances areturnedinbytheprincipals, andatypicallyhumorouscharacteriscreatedbyEdmundGwenn. Thebrandoffunexploitedso successfullybyGwennisone thatneverceasestopleaseme; inmyminditwillalwaysbeassociatedwiththebestfeatures ofwhatmaybecalledthe"English"typeofentertainment.

Greatcreditmustaccrueto EleanorParkerforherinterpretationofadifficultandunpopularrole.Hercharacterdoes notallowhertomaketheslightestappealtoaudiencesympathy,andshehastofindherway downapracticallyunexplored trackwhereinstinctandpreviousexperienceareequallyunavailing.Ofcourse,it'slikely shewasabletopickupafew hintsfromBetteDavis,who,if memoryservesmeright,obtainedanAcademyAwardforher handlingofthepartsomeyears ago.

PaulHenreidisimpressiveas thepsychopathicmedicalstudent whoseInabilitytocurehisown mentaldisorderthreatenstoruin abrilliantfuture.Itiscertainlydifficulttosympathisewith hisattitudetowardsthetawdry ittlewaitresswhobeginsalifelongmasteryoverhimby woundinghispride,butonehas tohandittohimforasincere andconsistentportrayal.

AlexisSmithdoesnotcome ,intothepictureasmuchasshe oughtto.Thatatleastisthe feelingengenderedbythe amountofprominencegivenher intheopeningscenes.It'srather disappointingtofindthatshe fadesouttogiveplacetothe meanMildredRogers.

AWeakness.

"OfHumanBondage"isaninterestingfilminthatanunusual storyunfoldswithemphasison curiouslyabsorbingfacetsofhumannature.Butthebookis eithertoovastforthefilm,or directionofthelatterisveryincompetent;forweskipwithirritatingswiftnessfromonesequencetoanother,beingobligedto fillin,thegapsasbestwecan. -DEGUSTIBUS.

GraceMoore

ACatholic?

Theuntimelyandtragicdeath ofGraceMooreinapaircrash onJanuary26takesonextra poignancyforCatholics,whenit isrealisedthatMissMoorehad beentakinginstructionsfrom MonsignorFultonSheen,preparatorytoenteringtheChurch. Infact,onherownshowing, itmaybepresumedthatshereceivedtheSacramentofBaptismbydesire.Hereiswhat shesaidrecently: '"Iwanttoenterthefoldof theCatholicChurchwellpreparedspirituallyandculturally. NextSeptemberIshallcometo ItalyagaintosingattheRoyal OperaHouse.Then,inRome itself,Iwillformallyenterthe CatholicChurch."

SuccessfulCareer.

GraceMoorewasborninJellicoe,Tennessee,onDecember5, 1901.Sheattendedanexclusivefinishingschool,whereshe heardthegreatMaryGarden sing,andthisexperienceincreasedherappetiteforamusical career.

Topayforherstudiesshetook partsinmusicalcomedies,and madeenoughtogotoMilan.On herreturntoAmericain1928 shemadeherdebutwiththe MetropolitanOperaCompany andachievedsomesuccess.In 1930shewenttoHollywoodto starin"JennyLind"and"New Moon,"butmicrophonetechniquewasnotyetabletocope withhergloriousvoice.Her firstbigfilmsuccesswas"One NightofLove,"madeforColumbiaPictures.Forthesame studioshealsomade"TheKing StepsOut,""I'llTakeRomance,""LoveMeForever,"and "WhenYou'reInLove."None ofthese,however,canbesaid tohavegainedherthesame measureofpopularityandpublicityascameherwayafter "OneNightofLove."Sheretiredfromfilmstoconcentrate onoperaandconcertwork.At thetimeofherdeathshewas fullyengagedandingreatvoice.

-DEGUSTIBUS.

LUCKMAYBEWAITING. Forthefirstandonlytime Luckmaybewaitingforyou. Itmayhavethefirstprizeof £3,000intheNo.352Charities Consultationsetasideforyou. Buyaticketto-day.

%.104.14,00,14NYWN.113iNN

RACINGSELECTIONS

BY"THEHAWK." W.A.T.C.

Saturday,February8,1947.

MannequinHandicap:Solyolist,1;PrinceElite,2;Gold.Atlantis,3.

Prince,SusarionHandicap:Myth. 1;Farce,2;Legend Night,3. MisticoHandicap:Meroic,1; AllLingo,2;MorVeil,3. AndronicusHandicap:Dark Brocade,1;SansLente,2;Yoantee,3. EurythmicHandicap:Punchinello,1;Reynaud,2;Home Front,3.

JollyCosyWelter(2):MythicalPrince,1;GallantDuke,2; TropicalPrince,3. JollyCosyWelter(1):The Drone,1;St.Malo,2;Skyborne, 8.

TROTTING.

Breeders'Handicap:Lord Sturt,1;ArabChilde,2;S. Choice,3.

BrisbaneHandicap:VistoRibbons,1;BrightBob,2;H.Mavista,3.

SydneyHandicap:HuonPark, 1;BlackEarl,2;RulingMaid,3.

AdelaideHandicap:Phyllis Pronto,1;Adventuress2;Lila's Robert,8.

ChristchurchHandicap:Broad Again,1;ForestDixie,2;Silver Emblem,3.

MelbourneHandicap:Admiral Spear,1;Strettanex,2;Beauvista,3.

LauncestonHandicap:Broad Chimes,1;Gen.Marleen,2; SpanishPrince,3.

ChristianBrothers'High School,Highgate EXAMINATIONSUCCESSES1946 ScienceTeacher'sExhibition

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE.

RobertBiggs:Sevensubjects; twodistinctions.

JohnDavidson:Fivesubjects; threedistinctions.

VincentFinnegan:Sevensubjects;fourdistinctions.Science Teacher'sExhibition.

PatrickGardner:Sevensubjects;twodistinctions.

BernardCoverley:Twosubjects.

SUB-LEAVING.

LeoAddicoat:ChristianDoctrine,English(D.),Maths.A (D.),Maths.B(D.),Applied Maths.(D.),Physics(D.), Chemistry(D.),Drawing(D.).

TerenceBlakely:Christian Doctrine,English,Maths.B,AppliedMaths.(D.),Physics(D.), Chemistry(D.),Drawing(D.).

RobertBurns:ChristianDoctrine,Maths.A,Maths.B,AppliedMaths.,Physics.Chemistry,Drawing.

KevinCooper:ChristianDoctrine,English(D.),Maths.A, Maths.B,AppliedMaths.(D.), Physics(D.),Chemistry,Drawing(D.).

PhillipFarrell:ChristianDoctrine,English,Maths.A,AppliedMaths.(D.),Physics(D.), Chemistry,Drawing.

EdwardGlauder:Christian Doctrine,English,Maths. B (D.),AppliedMaths.(D.),Physics,Chemistry,Drawing.

RodneyGuile:ChristianDoctrine,English,Maths.A(D.), Maths.B,AppliedMaths.(D.), Physics,Chemistry.

ColinJohnson:ChristianDoctiine,English,AppliedMaths., Physics,Chemistry.

GeoffreyKerrigan:Christian Doctrine,English,Maths.A, Maths.B,AppliedMats.(D.), Physics(D.),Chemistry(D.), Drawing(D.).

DonaldLee:ChristianDoctrine,English,Drawing.

MartinLynch:ChristianDoctrine,English,Latin,Maths.B. AppliedMaths.,Physics,Chemistry(D.).

StuartMcEwen:Christian Doctrine,English(D.),Maths.

A,Maths.B,AppliedMaths. (D.),Physics,Chemistry,Drawing.

BrianPaxman:ChristianDoctrine,English(D.),Latin(D.), ing.

Maths.A(D.),Maths.B,AppliedMaths.(D.),Physics, Chemistry.

NoelPurves:ChristianDoctrine,English,Latin,Maths.B, Chemistry.

JUNIORUNIVERSITY.

KevinAshby:Eightsubjects.

BruceBarrington:Eightsubjects.

JohnCarrigg:Eightsubjects.

JohnCharles:Eightsubjects.

VernonChester:Eightsubjects.

BruceChipper:Eightsubjects

KeithCleverley:Sixsubjects.

FrancisConnell:Eightsubjects.

MartinConsidine:Sevensubjects.

JohnCooper:Eightsubjects.

JeremiahDonovan:Sixsubjects.

KevinFarmer:Eightsubjects.

LaurenceFinnegan:Eightsubjects.

KeithGunn:Threesubjects.

DavidHeales:Threesubjects.

BrianKieran:Threesubjects.

CharlesKing:Eightsubjects.

JamesLee:Sixsubjects.

WilfredLynch:Sixsubjects.

PatrickMcGurk:Eightsubjects.

ArthurMackay:Sevensubjects.

KevinNelson:Eightsubjects.

JohnO'Reilly:Eightsubjects.

JohnPitts:Sixsubjects.

JohnRandall:Eightsubjects.

BrianRhodes:Threesubjects.

PhilipSlattery:Fivesubjects.

ColinSmith:Sevensubjects.

ClancyTaylor:Eightsubjects

SECONDYEARJUNIOR. Examinationsconductedbythe ChristianBrothers'Examining BoardofW.A.

26Passes;76Distinctions.

SixthPlaceinAggregate:L. Smith.

SeventhPlaceinAggregate: G.Laurence.

LEAVINGCERTIFICATECLASSES,1946.

ThirdRow:T.Blakely,N.Purves,K.Cooper,R.Burns,R.Guile

SecondRow:P.GardnerP.Farrell,S.McEwen,J.Davidson,C.Johnston. ley,L.Masel.

B.Paxman,B.('over-

Seated:V.Finnegan,M.Lynch,L.Addicoat,G.Kerrigan,D.Lee,E.Glauder,R.Biggs.

Firstplacesobtainedin:

Religion(seq.):G.Laurence.

English(aeq.):G.Laurence.

Chemistry:R.Nielsen.

Arithemtic(aeq.):A.Urquhart.

Algebra(seq.): L.O'Neil,L.Smith.

Bookkeeping:C.Barnard.

Appleton,K.:Religion(D.), English,History,Arith.,Geom. (D.),Physics(D.),Chem.(D.), Bookkeeping,Drawing.

Baker,M.:Religion,English, Algebra,Geom.,Physics,Chem., Drawing.

Baldwin,J.:Religion,English, History,Latin,Arith.,Algebra, Geom.,Physics(D.),Chem. i(D.),Bookkeeping,Drawing.

Barnard,C.:Religion,English,History,Latin,Arith.,Algebra(D.),Geom.,Physics(D.), Chem.(D.),Bookkeeping.

Bignell,R.:Religion,English, Latin,Algebra,Geom.,Physics (D.),Chem.(D.),Bookkeeping, Drawing.

Davey,E.:Religion,English, History,Latin,Arith.(D.), Geom.(D.),Physics(D.),Chem. (D.),BookkeepingDrawing.

Delaney,L.:Religion,English,History,Latin,Algebra, Geom.,Physics,Chem.,Drawing Foley,B.:Latin,Arith.,Algebra,Geom.,Physics,Chem., Bookkeeping.

Forte,A.:Religion,English, HistoryID.),Latii),Geom.,Physics(D.),Chem.,Drawing.

Gangell,L.:Religion,English, Physics,Chemistry.

Gosper,R.:Religon,English (D.),History,Latin,Arithmetic, Algebra(D.),Geom.(D.),Physics(D.),Chem.(D.),Bookkeeping,Drawing. Houston,C.:Religion,English,Latin,Arith.(D.),Geom. (D.),Physics(D.), Chem., Diawing.

Inions,B.:Religion,English, History,Latin,Geom.,Physics. Kerigan,S.:Religion(D.), English,History,Latin,Algebra(D.),Geom.,Physics(D.), Chem.,Bookkeeping. Laffer,T.:Religion(D.),English,History,Latin(D.),Arith., Algebra(D.),Geom.(D.),Physics(D.),Chem.(D.),Bookkeeping. Laurence,G.:Religion(D.), English(D.),History(D.), Latin,Arithmetic(D.),Algebra (D.),Geom.,Physics(D.), Chem.(D.),Drawing.

I.aurissen,W.; Religion, English,History,Algebra,Geometry,Physics(D.),Chem., Drawing.

Lynch,F.:Religion,English, History,Latin,Physics,Chem.

McDonald,M.:Religion(D.). English,History,Latin,Arith., Algebra(D.),Geom.(D.),Physics(D.),Chem:,Bookkeeping, Drawing(D.).

Manning,L.:Religion,English,History,Latin,Algebra (D.),Geom.,Physics(D.), Chem.(D.),Bookkeeping.

Montgomery,A.:Religion (D.),English,Latin,Arith.,Algebra,Geom.,Physics(D.), Chem.,Bookkeeping,Drawing. Naughton,C.:Religion,English,History,Latin,Arithmetic, Geom.,Physics(D.),Chem., Drawing.

Neilson,R.:Religion(D.), English.History,Latin,Arith. (D.),Algebra(D.),Geometry, Physics(D.),Chemistry(D.), Bookkeeping,Drawing.

O'Neil,L.:Religion,English, History,Latin.Arithmetic,Algebra(D.),Geom.,Physics(D.), Chem.,Bookkeeping,Drawing.

Paxman,N.:Religion,Latin, Geom.,Physics(D.),Drawing. Smith,L.:Religion(D.),English(D.),History,Latin,Arith. (D.),Algebra(D.),Geom.(D.), Physics(D.),Chem.(D.),Bookkeeping,Drawing. Urquhart,A.:Religion(D.), English,History,Latin,Arith. (D.),Algebra(D.),Geom.(D.), Physics(D.),Chem.(D.),Bookkeeping,Drawing.

Watts,R.:Religion,English, History,Latin,Arith.,Algebra, Geom.(D.),Physics,Chem. (D.),Bookkeeping,Drawing.

FIRSTYEARJUNIOR. 39Passes.

E.Watt:EqualFifthPlacein Aggregate.

A.Hullett:EighthPlacein Aggregate.

FirstPlaceinArithmetic:T. Lee,A.Hullett(equal).

FirstPlaceinLatin:E.Watt

FirstPlaceinChemistry:A. Hullett. Broderick,J.:Religion,English,History,Latin,Arithmetic, Chemistry,Drawing.

Carrick,D.:ChristianDoctrine,English,History,Algebra,Chemistry,Drawing. Carrigg,M.:ChristianDoctrine,English(D.),History, Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra, Physics,Chemistry,Drawing.

Clifford.B.:ChristianDoctrine,English(D.),History, Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra,Physics,Chemistry,Drawing. Collins,K.:ChristianDoctrine,English(D.),History, Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra,Physics,Chemistry,Drawing. Corkhill,T.:ChristianDoctrine,English,History.Latin, Arithmetic,Algebra,Physics, Chemistry,Drawing. Crosse,W.:ChristianDoctrine,English,History,Latin, Arithmetic,Algebra,Physics, Chemistry.

Dwyer,M.:ChristianDoctrine, English,Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra,Physics,Drawing. Dear,K.:Latin(D.),Arithmetic,Algebra(D.),Physics, Drawing.

Fitzgerald.L.:ChristianDoctrine,English,Chemistry. Foley,T.:ChristianDoctrine, English,Latin(D.),Algebra (D.),Geometry.Physics.Chemistry,Drawing.

Heales,R.:English,Latin (D.),Arithmetic,Algebra,Physics,Chemistry.Drawing. Halvorson,G.:ChristianDoctrine,English.History,Latin (D.),Algebra. Arithmetic, Chemistry.Drawing.

STOVES:Relinedasnew;old stovestradedinonEnamel Stoves.W.A.StoveCo.B6307.

ALEXRODOREDA

TurfCommissionAgent 802HAYSTREET

DUKEOFYORKHOTEL

Wednesday.February5,1947.

Hayes,G.:ChristianDoctrine, English,Latin,Algebra.

Hempsell,R.:ChristianDoctrine,History,Latin,Physics, Chemistry,Drawing.

Hullett,A.:ChristianDoctrine(D.),English,History, Latin(D.),Arithmetic(D.),Algebra(D.),Geometry,Physics, Chemistry(D.),Drawing.

Kelly,J.:ChristianDoctrine, English,History,Algebra,Geometry,Physics, Chemistry, Drawing.

Lee,T.:ChristianDoctrine, English,Latin,Arithmetic(D.), Algebra,Geometry,Physics, Chemistry,Drawing.

Lynch,R.:ChristianDoctrine, English,History,Latin(D.), Arithmetic(D.),Algebra,Physics,Chemistry.

Lake,W.:ChristianDoctrine, English,Latin,Algebra,Chemistry,Drawing.

Lowry,F.:ChristianDoctrine, English(D.),History,Latin, Arithmetic,Algebra,Geometry, Physics,Chemistry,Drawing.

McBeath,R.:English,History,Latin,Physics,Chemistry.

McComish,G.:English,History,Arithmetic,Algebra,Physics,Chemistry,Drawing.

McComish,L.:ChristianDoctrine,English,History,Latin, Algebra,Geometry.Algebra, Physics,Chemistry,Drawing.

Nicholson,J.:ChristianDoctrine,English,Arithmetic,Algebra,Geometry,Chemistry.

Phelan,M.:ChristianDoctrine,English,Latin,Algebra (D.),Physics,Chemistry,Drawing.

Pickering,W.:English,History,Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra,Geometry,Physics,Chemistry,Drawing.

Rice,R.:ChristianDoctrine, English,Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra,Physics, Chemistry, Drawing.

Ridge,K.:ChristianDoctrine, English,Latin,Arithmetic.

Roberts,T.:ChristianDoctrine,English,History,Latin, Arithmetic,Algebra,Geometry, Ryan,K.:English,Arithmetic, Algebra,Geometry.

Singleton,B.:ChristianDoctrine,English,History,Latin, Arithmetic,Algebra,Geometry, Physics,Chemistry,Drawing.

Skehan,C.:English,History, Chemistry.

Smith,L.:ChristianDoctrine, English,Algebra(D.),Arithmetic,Physics, Chemistry, Drawing.

Smith,G.:Arithmetic,Chemistry,Drawing.

Steffanoni,J.:ChristianDoctrine,English,History,Latin, Algebra,Geometry,Physics, Chemistry,Drawing.

Tressider,P.:ChristianDoctrine,English.History.Latin, Arithmetic,Physics,Chemistry, Drawing.

Talbot,R.:English,History, Latin,Arithmetic.Algebra,Physics,ChemistryDrawing.

Watt,E.:ChristianDoctrine, English(D.),History,Latin (D.),Arithmetic(D.),Algebra (D.),Physics,Chemistry,Drawing.

Worthington,N.:Christian Doctrine,English, History, Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra, Chemistry.

Gibb,F.:ChristianDoctrine, English,Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra,Chemistry,Drawing.

RodBeaton's Hannan'sHotel

HANNANSTREET, EALGOORLIE. ELLIOTT

Kieran,G.:ChristianDoctrine (D.),English(D.),History, Latin(D.),Arithmetic,Algebra, Geometry,Physics,Chemistry.

McDonald,S.:ChristianDoctrine(D.),English(D.),History,Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra,Geometry,Physics,Chemistry,Drawing. Callaghan,P.:ChristianDoctrine,English,Physics,Chemistry.

Bond,B.:ChristianDoctrine (D.),English,History,Arithmetic,Physics,Chemistry.

SIXTHGRADE.

32Pases:141Distinctions. SecondPlaceinAggregate:R. Finnegan. EqualThirdPlaceinAggregate:F.O'Driscoll.

FourthPlaceinAggregate:E. Knight. (Religion,1;Cnglish,2;Composition,3;Atithmetic,4:Mensuration,5;Mental,6;History, 7;Geography,8;Dictation,9; Writing,10;Science,11.) Barington,K.:2,3,4,5,7,8, 10,11.

Byrne,L.:1,2d,3d,4,5d,6, 7,8,10(1,11d.

Cassidy,G.:Id,2,3d,4,5d, 6,7,10,Ild.

Chauncy,A.:ld,2d,3,4d, 5(1,6d,7d,8,9,10,11d.

Clarke,G.:ld,2d,3,4d,5d, 6,7d,8,10d,11d.

Cogan,C.:1,2,3,4,5d,6,7, 11.

Crock,P.:1d,2,3d,4,5,6d, 7,8,9,10d,11.

Dwyer,N:1d,2d,3,4,5d,6, 7,10,11d.

Evans,E.:1,2,3d,4d,5d,6, 7d,8,9,10d,11d. Fallon,M.1,2,3,4d,5,6,7, 8,10,11d.

Finnegan,R.:Id,2d,3d,4d, Id,6d,7d,8d,9d,10d,11d.

Griffin,K.:ld,2d,3d,4d,5d, 6,7d,8,10,11d.

Hart,R.:1,2,3,4,5d,6,7,8, 10,11.

Harty,L.:2,3d,4d,5d,6,7, 10d,11d.

Horrocks,E.:-1,2,3d,4,5,6, 7,8,10,11.

Kermode,J.:1,2,3,4,5,6d, 7(1,8,10,11.

Keyson,T.:1,2,3,4,5,7,8, 10,11. Knight,E.:ld,2d,3d,4d,5d, 6d,7d.8d,10,11d.

Lee,P.:Id,2d,3d,4d,5d,6, 7d,8,9,10,11d.

Litton,C.:1,2,3,4,5,6,7, 8,11.

McCutcheon,W.:1,2,3d,4, 5(:.7d,8,10,11d.

McNamara,T.:ld,2,3,4d, Id,6,7,8,9,10d,11.

McGer,P.:ld,2,3,4,5d,6, 7,8,10,11.

Newman,G.:1d,2,3d,4d,5d, 6d,7d,8,10d,11d.

Oates,K.:1,2d,3,4,5d,6,7d, 8,10.lld.

O'Brien,D.:ld,2d,3d,4d,5d, 6d,7d,8d,10,11d.

O'Driscoll.F.:ld,2d,3d,4d, 5d,6d,7d,8d,9d,10,11.

Rice,N.:1(1,2,3,4,5d,6.7d, 8.10,11d.

Stubbs,K.:1,2,3,4,5,7,8, 10.11.

Tesser,K.:1,2,3d,4,5,6,7d, 8,10,11.

Vanstone,A.:ld,2d,3,4,5d, 6d,7d,8d,9,TOd,11d.

Walker,J.:1,2,3,4d,5,6,7, 10,11.

St.Joseph'sConvent Dalwallinu

UNIVERSITYOF.W.A.

l'ianoforte:

GradeII.:J.Locke,80(Credit)

Grade M.Flavel,79(Credit).

GradeIV.:J.Benton,82(Credit).

GradeVI.:I.Carlshausen,85 (Honours);J.Nelson,85(Hon- ours);P.O'Driscoll,82(Cre- dit);M.Reid,82(Credit);P. Flynn,79(Credit),E.Reid,75 (Credit).

Preparatory:M.Hallman,86 (Pass);B.Browning,84(Pass).

Preparatory(Violin):L.Benton,84(Pass).

MusicalPerception:

GradeIV.:J.Locke,95(Honours);M.Flynn,90(Honours); L.Reid,86(Honours);A. Kowald,79(Credit).

1121RECORD

St.Joseph'sConvent,Busselton

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE EXAMINATIONS,1946.

MargaretEllenFredericks: English,History,Biology-Botany,Music.

JUNIORCERTIFICATE EXAMINATION,1946.

ElizabethBarrett:English, Geography,ArithmeticandAlgebra,PhysiologyandHygiene, Biology-Botany,DrawingA, Music.

MaryT.Kidd:English, French,Geography,Arithmetic andAlgebra,Biology-Botany, DrawingA.Music.

BarbaraN.Lavater:English, Geography,ArithmeticandAlgebra,PhysiologyandHygiene, Biology-Botany,Drawing A. Music.

NanettePickersgill:English, Biology-Botany, Arithmetic, DrawingA.Music,Typewriting.

KALGOORLIE

ST.JOSEPH'SCONVENT.

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE EXAMINATION.

KathleenShepley:Fivesubjects.

JUNIORCERTIFICATE EXAMINATION.

JudithHickey:Eightsubjects. MUSICEXAMINATIONS. TRINITYCOLLEGEOF MUSIC. PracticalPiano.-Associate diploma: PatriciaFrench, A.T.C.L. AdvancedPreparatory.-Merit: MaureenJenkins.

FirstSteps:ShirleyFarrell.

Theoretical.-Diplomapaper work,teachingandform:Gloria Macdonald.AdvancedJunior. -Honours:JillFraney, 89 Merit:MargaretMcLernon,75; MarieMorris,75.Junior.

Honours:DorothyCrimmins,85. Merit:IrisHillier,81;Pamela Shores,78.Preparatory.-Honours:AudreyTooth,99;Marie 97;JeanetteLance,94; NancyShepherd,86.Merit: JoyceBranch,78;ValmaLance, 78.FirstSteps:CarmelMcCarthy.

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

Practicalpiano.-GradeI.:Jill Franey(13years).GradeIII. -Credit:LesleyWilliams,82; JudithHickey,80;EnidBrowne, 80;DoraMaguire,79.Pass: MarieMorris.Grade1V.-Honours:NormaBurley,85.Credit: MarieJohnson,83;IvyRakich, 79.Pass:JessieHollis,73;PatriciaOsborne,72;MaureenCarr, 72;JoyHudson,72;WinnieHillier.GradeV.-Credit:Valma Irvine,77.Pass:DorothyCrimmins,73;GretaRiley,73.Grade Vl.-Honours:AudreyTooth,85. Credit:PamelaShores,82;RaymondGoodwin,82;JoyceBranch, 81;LeonardCurnow,79.Pass: ValmaLance,73;CarmelMcCarthy,71;RonaldWilliams,70. Preparatory:JaniceHawke,91; ValmaBarry,89;JohnHawke, 88;JenniferGardner,87;Judith Hannan,87;ShirleyBranch,87; BerisCannon,87;KathleenLuis, 83;DawnElsbury,81;John Kirkby,79;ValmaHayes,78; PatriciaBenck,78;Valma Wyatt,78;MargaretDawes,77; RaymondNutt,75;NeilCunningham,75;NancyShepherd, CoralBarnard,73;BeulahLanders,71;MaxineIbbotson:

Violin.-GradeI.-Credit:vlorothyUrquhart,78.GradeIII.: MargaretMcLernon.GradeIV.: DonaldBenck,GerardJenkins.

GradeV.

Theory:

GradeIV.:MavisCatherine Flynn,86(Honours);LeilaDorothyReid,87(Honours).

GradeV.:JacquelineFayBenton,92(Honours);IsobelMona Carlshausen,92(Honours).

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

Pianoforte:

GradeII.:BarbaraLavater,75 (Credit).

GradeIII.:DaphneHernaman, 73(Pass).

GradeIV.:HilaryNichols,85 (Honours);BarbaraRatherhani, 75(Credit);ElizabethBarrett, 75(Credit);BettyCross,68 (Pass).

GradeV.:MargaretDigging, 75(Credit).

GradeVI.:DianoClarke,73 (Pass);GwenJohnson,73 (Pass);MaryRayner,65(Pass)

Preparatory:BerniceEggleston,89(Pass);RobertoHeseltine,86(Pass);BarryKinsella 86(Pass);JohnBlake,86 (Pass),MarySaddler,83(Pass); ShirleyJones,81(Pass);Shirley Naylor,81(Pass);JillNaylor, 79(Pass);FrancesRayner,79 (Pass).

MusicalPerception:

GradeII.:MargaretFredericks,66(Pass).

GradeIII.:MaryKidd,93 (Honours);NannettePickersgill, 8i(Honours);ElizabethBarrett, 8b(Honours);BettyCross,80 (Credit).

GradeV.:DianaClarke,97 (Honours);KatieClayton,91 (Honours);BarbaraRatherham, 90(Honours);CoralColgan,91 (Honours);MargaretDigging,89 (Honours);HilaryNichols,89 (Honours);MarySadler,88 (Honours);DelysButcher,8? (Honours);MaryRafferty,86 (Honours);CoralAdsetts,82 (Credit);BerniceEggleston,841 Credit).

Theory: GradeV.:BarbaraRatherham, 92(Honours).

.GradeVI.:GwenJohnson,92 (Honours);CoralColgan,92 (Honours)DelysButcher,89 (Honours);HilaryNichols,86 (Honours);DianaClarke,82 (Credit).

TRINITYCOLLEGE.

Theory: Intermediate:DaphneHernaman,86(Honours).

Preparatory:MargaretDiggins,100(Honours).

FirstSteps:DoreenGibson,96 (Honours);DelysButcher,94 (Honours);GillianCrooke,(Honours);CollenHunt.92 (Honours);KathleenLockwood, 92(Honours);KathleenPalmer, 92(Honours);CoralColgan,91 (Honours);HilaryNichols,89 (Honours);GwenJohnson,89 (Honours);DianaClarke,89 (Honours). 'CityBtht:ea

Mem13. Bog124.

AustraliaHotel KALGOONUE.

C.T.A.cmdR.A.C.House.

OneMinutefromSt.Mary's Church.

HotandColdWaterinHotel Bathrooms.

RefrigerationThroughout.

OnlyLock-UpGaragesinthe CentroofTown.

M.J.DILLON,Licensees.

METROPOLITAN BusinessCollege

OurPersonalIndividualInstructiongivesyouTheFinishthat means"EFFICIENCY."

12Months'All-DayCourse,£24 (Payable10s.weekly).

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Spain'sChoice

(ContinuedfromFrontCover.) leadinresolutionsanddeclarationsissuedatSanFrancisco, PotsdamandLondontoexclude SpainfromtheUnitedNations aslongassheretainsherpresentpoliticalsystem.The UnitedStatesjoinedwithBritainandFranceinanabsurdly offensivepublicinvitationtothe SpaniardstooustFranco.

Eachofthesemoveshasbeen mystifyingbecauseitisevident thatneithertheUnitedStates norBritaindesirestogenerate apoliticalcrisisinSpainoran internationalcrisisoverSpain. "Publicopinion"cannotexplain thisculiousdiplomaticconduct becausethereisnopopularderrandintheUnitedStatesfor actionagainstFranco.Itis thatnoisysectsofCommunists, fellow-travellersand antiCatholicfanaticscarryon muchpropagandatowardsthis end,butthevastmajorityof Americansandotherpeace-lovingpeopledonotcarewhatkind ofGovernmentobtainsinSpain.

TheexplanationofAmerican policyprobablyliesinapursuit ofSovietco-operationinsettling EuropeanddevelopingtheUnitedNationsintoagoingconcern, foracertainpatternhasbecomefamiliar.AtSanFrancisco,PotsdamandLondon,part ofthepriceofSovietco-operationappearstohavebeenAmerica'stakingaverbalkickat 'Franco-Spain.'Nowshehas doneitagain.MolotovhasbecomeconciliatoryonTrieste,and thequestionofinternationalinspectionofarmaments;soSenatorConnollyoffersanotherresolution,andmakesanantiFrancospeechintheUnitedNationsAssembly.

itonefindstheusualcliches about"Fascism"andhypocriticalreferencestotheevilsoftotalitarianism,asiftheseexisted onlyinSpain,where,inplain pointoffact,theworstofthem donotexistatall.TheSenatorrejects-forthesafetyofhis countryandtheCharterofthe UnitedNationsobligehimtoreject-theFrench-Polish-Soviet demandforeffectivepoliticaland economicsanctions against Spain.Butatthesametimehe

askstheAssemblyto"confirm andcompletethebanishmentof theFrancoregimefromtheorganisedcommunityofnations."

Yet,theUnitedStatesareto continuediplomaticrelations withaGovernmentwhose"de jure"existencewehaverecognisedformorethansevenyears. ButwhilemaintainingtheserelationsandscrupulouslyabstainingfrominterferinginthedomesticaffairsofSpain,theUnitedStatesneverthelessurgesthe Spanishpeopletooverthrow FrancoandestablishademocraticGovernment.Americans evenprofesstobelievetheywill dothis."Itisourexpectation," theSenatorsaid,"thatthedemocraticidealsoftheSpanish peoplewillreassertthemselves tocreatethefoundationofa stableGovernment,basedonthe willofthepeople."

Andthey-wholiveinthe wakeofacivilwarinwhicha millionpersonswerekilled,who includeabeatenpartyawaiting thedaywheneverythroatthat wearsanecktieshallbeslitthey,theSpanish"people,"are toaccomplishthispoliticalmiraclewithoutviolenceandwithoutforeignintervention! A blessedeventthiswouldbe,but itishardtobelievethataSenatorfromtheAmericanSouth canthinkitanimminentprobability.

Buriedinthisdiplomaticdouble-talkisonehoneststatement ofAmericanpolicy."TheUnitedStatesisfullycommittedto thefundamentalprincipleof non-intervention. TheGovernmentofSpainbelongstothe Spanishpeople,anditisfor themtodeterminetheformof Governmenttheyshallhave,and thepeoplewhoshalladminister it."IfAmericahadadheredto thisclear,simple,justandprudentlineofconductallthings awaytheenormousinfluence wouldstandbetterto-day.The nationwouldnothavethrown whichAmbassadorHayesbuilt upforitinSpain.America wouldhavetaughttheSoviet Union,earlyandconvincingly, thatsheknowsherrealinterests,andhasthewilltodefend them.Andshewouldhave madeiteasierforSpaintotake thestepsinpoliticalevolution towardsalargerlibertywhich mostSpaniards-eventhosewho patrioticallysupporttheexisting egime-desiretotake.

Noonehasyetbeenableto showwhattheUnitedNations ortheUnitedStateshaveto gain,inconcretevalue,bythe downfallofFranco.Heneither breaksthelawofnationsnor outragestheuniversalmoral law.Hisgovernment,tobe sure,ishardlyamodeltoinspiredreamersofpoliticalutopias,butthosewhoknowthe historyofSpainarenotsurprisedoroutragedbythatfact.It comparesfavourablywithmost oftheGovernmentsofSpain duringthepastcentury,and withmostofthecontemporary post-warregimesinEurope.

Assuming,however,thatFrancoshouldgoforthegoodof Spain,surelythequestionfor practicalstatesmentoariseis howbesttomakethatpossible. Justassurelytheansweristo ceasetheverbalcampaignagainsthim,tore-establishfulldiplomaticandeconomicrelations withSpain,tohelpherinevery effectivewaytoobtainthepoliticalsecurityandphysicalwellbeingthatarethenecessary foundationsofanorderofliberty.

Anti-Clericals' Demand

(ContinedfromFrontCover.)

InotherpartsofItaly,the anti-clericalwaveismounting andbecomingmoreclamant. DuringademonstrationofloyaltytothePopeinVenice,CardinalPiazzawasshouteddown ashetriedtoaddressthegatheringfromthebalconyofhishouse inSt.Mark'sSquare.Thecries andcat-callsreachedacrescendo astheCardinaltriedtoimpart thePapalBlessing.TheCatholicsrepliedwithshoutsof "LongLivethePope."Finally, thepolicehadtointerveneto restoreorder.

OtherdemonstrationsinBolognaandCesena'passedwithout incident.

SavageAssaults.

InthePesaroareatheanticlericalcampaignhasforlong hailacharacterofsavagery whichhasresultedinthemurder ofclergyandsacrilegiousassaultsonchurches.Thepolice, however,haveatlasttakenaction.Inarecentdrive,membersofanarmedbandsaidtobe responsibleforthemurderof oneparishpriest,theattempted murderofanother,andthe throwingofabombatathird priesthavebeenrounded-up.

Amongthearrestedmenis oneoftheleadersoftheband, BrunoAlbini,whohasmadea practiceofterrorisingthe church-goingpopulation.Hehas frequentlyenteredchurchesduringservicesandthreatenedthe congregations.Onceheentered achurch,brandishingpistols,as anotedfriarwaspreaching.Installinghimselfbythealtarhe pouredastreamoffilthyabuse onthepreacher.

AnothersacrilegehasbeenreportedfromMilan,wheremen armedwithtommy-gunshid themselvesintheCathedralat closingtimeandthenforcedthe custodianstoopentheChapelof theBlessedVirgin,fromwhich theystoleallthevaluablesthey couldfind.

St.Joseph'sConvent Pinjarra

MUSICEXAMINATIONS.

Thefollowingresultsofmusic examinationsconductedbythe UniversityofW.A.haveb?en receivedbytheSistersofSt. Joseph'sConvent,Pinjarra: GradeII.:EdithSullivan(Crfdit).

GradeIII.:DianaWarren, JeanHolland.

GradeIV.:NoreenEmmett. CatherineTapper.

GradeV.:NellieBranchi.

GradeVI.:MichaelSutt)n (Honours),RobertBranchi(violin,Credit),KathleenMahony (Credit),LilyBonomi(Credit), ShirleySweetman,RitaAngus, PatriciaEddy.

Preparatory:ThelmaFimmell,GloriaJordison,Norma Tregar,NevilleDowd,Meriel Cockshott.

MusicalPerception,GradeIV: EdithSullivan(Honours),Diana Warren(Credit),LorraineCherrington,JeanHolland,Janet Nancarrow.

THIRDORDEROF ST.FRANCIS

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FARMANDCOUNTRYPROPERTIES.

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Vineyard.

SituatedHerneHillarea.30 acresvines,infulbearing;1947 cropvalued£1,200.Wellwateredandcaredfor;allnecessary plantandsheds.Modern5roomedbrickandtiledhome;all cons.(brandnew).Includedis 1936V8sedan.£250worth wine.Price£5350,W.I.W.O., includingfurniture.Termsapprox.halfcash.

THEGENERALAGENCYCO., 30PADBURYBUILDINGS, FORRESTPLACE. B8838.

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PERSONAL

Mr.RayLonergan,managerin WestAustraliaforPellegrini andCo.,Ltd.,returnedbySkymasterlastSaturdayfromasixweeks'businesstouroftheEasternStates,wherehevisitedthe Company'sbranchesinBrisbane, Sydney,MelbourneandAdelaide.

EXPOSITION.

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S.

BIBLENOTASCIENTIFIC TEXT-BOOK "Student,"Cave "Asevolutiinis withtheBible Creation,would whyChristiansca justifiedinrejects ofGenesisin suppositionsfay of Answer:Absurd ideasaboutevolutio cannotadmityour itstands.WhatI theBibledoesnot giveusascientific howGodcreatedth Butratherinorder upontheJewishpeo haveamoralobliga shipGodandobse laws-especiallythat bt,threst-theBible storyofthecreati worldandofman itsnakesnopretenc anythinglikeascien ofhowGodwrought tion.

RemembertheBibl ancientbook,written dentHebrewlangua than3,500yearsago. notbeveryfoolish, pectthatanymanc upnowandunderstan easilyashemightu newspaper?Again, storyoftheCreation tiallyanaccountwritt pie,illiteratepeople, Jewscertainlywere giventothem.Eve Biblesayswillbetrue istheauthorofevery theBible,buteveryth saidina..popularw evento-daywhenwe posedtoknowsuch astronomy,educate speakofthesungain cloud,orthemoon thehill.Nowwhen thefirstchaptersoft GenesisintheBible,y thatthewholeaccount insuchpopularlangu sun,forinstance,iss beenmadeonthefo andthewriterisnot concernedaboutthe f: wouldbedifficultto withoutthesun.A: itcomestothequestio creation,theBiblest ofGodinhuman thoughGodhadfashi outoftheslimeofth apottermighthave hishands.Itiscentfore,thattheBibleis usascientificaccount ginoftheUniverse. theobjectoftheinspi ItisevidentthatAlm RandolphKnapp (W.A.O.A.)

SIGHT-TESTINGOPTICIAN.

12ATWELLARCADE.

FREMANTLE-L1582.

T.VIVIAN

143RokebyRoad.Subiaco.

theliterary mediumwhichtheinspiredwriter adoptstoconveyhismessageto theJews.Inhispopularaccountoftheworkofcreation.he representsGodworkingasifHe wereamanforsixdaysandthen restingontheseventhday.So

pecialytheincidentofthefindingintheTemple(Lk.II.,41ff.) makeitclearthatMaryand Josephhadwiththemonlyone child:Jesus.

3.Jesuswasgivenbythose amongstwhomHelivedthespecialtitleof"TheSonofMary" (MarkVI.,3)."This,"writes Renan(LesEvangiles,Paris), "impliesthatHehadlongbeen knownastheonlysonofa widow.Asamatteroffact, suchdesignationsonlycameto beappliedwhenthefatherwas nolongerlivingandthewidow ladnootherson."

4.ThetoneadoptedbyOur Lord'sbrethrentowardsHimis thatofanelderbrothertoa youngerone.Forinstance, MarkIII.,21and31:"Andwhen hisfriendshadheardofit,they wentouttolayholdofhim.For theysaid:Heisbecomemad." Andagain:"Andhismotherand

d

BIBLENOTASCIENTIFIC

TEXT-BOOK

"Student,"Caversham:

"Asevolutiinisnotcompatibia withtheBiblestoryofthe Creation,wouldyouexplain whyChristianscanpossiblybe justifiedinrejectingthestory ofGenesisinfavourofthe suppositionsofDarwin?"

Answer:Absurdascurrent ideasaboutevolutionmaybe,I cannotadmityourstatementas itstands.WhatImeanisthis: theBibledoesnotpurportto giveusascientificaccountof howGodcreatedtheuniverse. Butratherinordertoimpress upontheJewishpeoplethattheyhaveamoralobligationtoworshipGodandobservecertain laws-especiallythatoftheSabbathrest-theBibletellsthe storyofthecreationofthe worldandofmanbyGod,but itmakesnopretenceofgiving anythinglikeascientificaccount ofhowGodwroughttheCreation.

RemembertheBibleisavery ancientbook,writtenintheancientHebrewlanguage,notlater than3,500yearsago.Wouldit notbeveryfoolish,then,toexpectthatanymancouldpickit upnowandunderstanditjustas easilyashemightunderstanda newspaper?Again,theBible storyoftheCreationisessentiallyanaccountwrittenforsimple,illiteratepeople,suchasthe Jewscertainlywerewhenitwas giventothem.Everythingthe Biblesayswillbetrue,sinceGod istheauthorofeveryportionof theBible,buteverythingwillbe saidina..popularway.Why, evento-daywhenwearesupposedtoknowsuchalotabout astronomy,educatedpeople speakofthesungoingbehinda cloud,orthemoonrisingover thehill.Nowwhenyouread thefirstchaptersoftheBookof GenesisintheBible,youwillsee thatthewholeaccountiswritten insuchpopularlanguage.The sun,forinstance,issaidtohave beenmadeonthefourthday, andthewriterisnottheleast concernedaboutthefactthatit wouldbedifficulttohavedays withoutthesun.Again,when itcomestothequestionofman's creation,theBiblestoryspeaks ofGodinhumantermsas thoughGodhadfashionedman outoftheslimeoftheearth,as apottermighthavedonewith hishands.Itiscertain,therefore,thattheBibleisnotgiving usascientificaccountoftheoriginoftheUniverse.Whatis theobjectoftheinspiredwriter? ItisevidentthatAlmightyGod RandolphKnapp (W.A.O.A.)

SIGHT-TESTINGOPTICIAN.

12

T.

wishestoimpressfirstuponthe Jewishpeopleandthroughthem onthepeopleofalltime,four greattruths:

1.TheexistenceofOneTrue Cod,LordofHeavenandearth.

2.ThefactthatGodcreated allthingsoutofnothing,and consequentlythatworshipofanimalsandstarsandothersuch objectsiswrong.Thiswas,of course,arebuketotheEgyptiansamongwhomtheJews dwelt.

3.Thedutyofkeepingholythe SabbathDay.

4.ThatallthethingsthatGod madewereoriginallygood.

Theauthor'swayofdriving homethesetruths,istocollect ahthecreaturesofGodinto groupsandtoshowthateach groupwascreatedbyGod.And hiswayofdoingthisistodescribethewholeworkofcreationasthoughithappenedon sixdaysoftheweek.Buthere Iimaginesomeonesaying:"But thatisamostpeculiarwayof goingaboutthetask."Iagree withyouthattousitmayseem so,butafterallthisbookwas written3,500yearsago,andliteraryfashionschangealotina thousandyears.

GENESISANDYBIOLOGYNOT INCOMPATIBLE

Butyourquestion,"Student," continues.Youask:

"WouldyouexplainwhyChristianscanpossiblybejustified inrejectingthestoryofGenesisinfavourofthesuppositionsofDarwin?"

Answer:NoChristiancould possiblybejustifiedinrejecting anyportionoftheBible.The authoroftheBibleisGod,Who thoughHeusedmantowrite variousbooks,sawtoitthatthey wroteonlywhatHewilledthem towrite,sothatHeisresponsibleforallthatiswrittenin theBible.Butasamatterof fact,whateverpeoplemayhold aboutevolution,Darwin'ssuppositionsofthesurvivalofthe fittestandsoonhavebeenabandonedbyallscientists.Darwin isquiteaback-numbernow.

Youcontinue:

"Itseemstome,thatifweare toaccepttheNewTestament, wecannotrejectanypartof theOldTestament,becauseall throughtheformerwefindit baseduponthecommandments andpropheciesoftheOld."

Answer:Youarequiteright. Wecannotrejectanypartofthe OldTestament.Butnotforthe reasonyoumention.Thereal reasqnforacceptingbothOld andNewTestamentsisthatthe CatholicChurch,whichGodhas guaranteedagainstteaching falsedoctrines,teachesusthat boththeOldandtheNewTestamentaretheWordofGodand thatthereforetheycannotcontainanyformalerror.

Butyoucontinue:

"Tosaythatthesixdaysin whichGodmadetheuniverse meantsixlongperiodsandnot daysof24hours,makesnonsenseofthecommandmentto keepholytheSabbathandin ittodonomannerofwork."

Answer:Idon'tagreewith you.Yodmustnotforgetwhat Ihavesaidabouttheliterary mediumwhichtheinspiredwriter adoptstoconveyhismessageto theJews.Inhispopularaccountoftheworkofcreation.he representsGodworkingasifHe wereamanforsixdaysandthen restingontheseventhday.So

thatifwecaretosaythatthe sixdaysmayhavecovereda verylongperiodoftime-even millionsofyears-itdoesnotaffectinanywaytheliterarypurposeofthesacredwriter.He merelygroupedtogethervarious classesofplantsandanimalsto suitthepurposehehadbefore him.Itisquiteunnecessary totryandstrainhisaccountto makeitfitinwiththefindingof theologists.

OURLADY'SVIRGINITYAND THEBRETHRENOFJESUS

Yournextquestion,"Student": "CouldyouexplainCatholicdoctrineconcerningtheVirgin Mary? Iunderstoodyouto sayonmorethanoneoccasion thattheMotherofJesusremainedavirgin."

Answer:Yes,thatisso.The CatholicChurchteachesasof FaiththattheBlessedVirgin Marywasaninviolatevirginbefore,during,andafterthebirth ofherDivineSon.

Butyouobject:"TheGospels, however,contradictthatview. AndyouquoteSt.Matthew, XII.,46:"AsHewasyetspeakingtothemultitudes,behold HismotherandHisbrethren stoodwithout,seekingtospeak withhim."AndSt.Matthew, XIII.,54,55:"Isnotthisthecarpenter'sson?Isnothismother calledMary,andhisbrethren JamesandJosephandSimonand Jude?"AndSt.Mark,VI.,3:

"Isnotthisthecarpenter,the sonofMary,thebrotherof JamesandJosephandJudeand Simon?Arenotalsohissisters herewithus?Andtheywere scandalisedinregardtohim."

Answer:Thisisaverycomplexquestionandverymuchhas beenwrittenonitfromtheearliesttimes.Onethingiscertainandthatis,that,Marythe MotherofJesus,remainedalwaysavirgin,andthosewho arecalledthebrethrenofthe LordwerenotMary'schildren. Thisisadogmaoffaithfor everyCatholic,anditisalsothe conclusiontowhichSacredScripture,illuminatedbyTradition, inevitablyleads. ThisbeliefrestsontheAnnunciationnarrativeandespeciallyonOurLady'sreply:"How shallthisbedone,forIknow notman?"Thequestionthus putimpliesMary'sintentionof remainingalwaysavirgin,at whatevercost,preferringvirginityeventothehonourthatthe Angelplacedwithinhergrasp.

2.ThewholestoryofOur Lord'schildhood,andmoreespeciallytheincidentofthefindingintheTemple(Lk.II.,41ff.) makeitclearthatMaryand Josephhadwiththemonlyone child:Jesus.

3.Jesuswasgivenbythose amongstwhomHelivedthespecialtitleof"TheSonofMary" (MarkVI.,3)."This,"writes Renan(LesEvangiles,Paris), "impliesthatHehadlongbeen knownastheonlysonofa widow.Asamatteroffact, suchdesignationsonlycameto beappliedwhenthefatherwas nolongerlivingandthewidow hadnootherson."

4.ThetoneadoptedbyOur Lord'sbrethrentowardsHimis thatofanelderbrothertoa youngerone.Forinstance, MarkIII.,21and31:"Andwhen hisfriendshadheardofit,they wentouttolayholdofhim.For theysaid:Heisbecomemad." Andagain:"Andhismotherand

hisbrethrencame,standing without,sentuntohim,calling him."

NowitiscertainthatJesus wasMary'sfirst-bornthud(Lk. II.,7,22ff.)."Andshebrought forthherfirst-bornchildand wrappedhiminswaddling clothesandlaidhiminamanger."

5.WhenJesuswasdyingHe confidedMarytoJohn'scare (Jo.XIX.,26,7);afactdifficult tounderstandifHehadleft brothersandsistersbehind.

ThereisnocontradictionbetweentheCatholicdoctrineand theGospels.Thosewhosay thereisbringforwardasaproof oftheirassertionthefactthat theserelativesofOurLordare called"Hisbrethren."Itmay beadmittedthattheGreekword, "adelphoi,"whichistranslated by"brethren,"denotesbrothers morenaturallythancousins. Butthisword,liketheHebrew (ah)ortheAramaic(aha), whichittranslates,canbereadilyappliednotonlytobrothers butalsotohalf-brothers.Itis alsogiven,intheOldTestament, tonepheWs;tosecondcousins; tocousinsfurtherremoved;to kinsmeningeneral,andevento simplefellow-countrymen.Thus thereisnoneedtotakeitsmeaningasbrothersintheproper senseoftheword.

Itisalsourgedthattheterm "first-born"impliesthatOur Ladyhadotherchildren.But thisterm,"first-born,"states onlythatJesuswasMary'sfirst childandshouldbebrought,accordingtotheMosaicLaw,tobe presentedtotheLord.Inthe fifthcenturySt.Jeromepointed outthattheScripturesfrequentlyemploytheword"first-born" todenoteamother'sfirstchild, nomatterwhetheritisfollowed byothersorremainstheonly one.

THEKNOWLEDGEOFCHRIST Youconcludeyourletteras follows:

"InconnectionwithChapter 7,verse15,oftheGospelofSt. John:AndtheJewswondered,saying:Howdoththismanknow letters,havingneverlearned? Jesusansweredandsaid:My doctrineisnotmine,buthisthat sentme."Itwouldappearthat Christcouldneitherreador write;andthiswasprobablytrue ofmost,ifnotall,ofHisdisciples.TheJewswereinstructedinthelawandthestoriesof theprophets,bytheScribeand PhariseesandSaducees,etc., accordingtowhicheversectthey belonged,butJesus,without eventhemeagreeducationalaids ofhistime,wasabletoconfoundthemostlearnedofthe highpriests.IfwearetobelievetheScriptures,Hiswasa divinerevelation,nottobeexplainedawayanymorethanthe (ContinuedonPage15.)

TeL

M115$

BIBLENOTASCIENTIFIC TEXT-BOOK

"Student."Caversham:

"Asevolutimisnotcompatib'z withtheBiblestoryofthe Creation,wouldyouexplain whyChristianscanpossiblyhe justifiedinrejectingthestory ofGenesisinfavourofthe suppositionsofDarwin?"

Answer:Absurdascurrent ideasaboutevolutionmaybe,I cannotadmityourstatementas itstands.WhatImeanisthis: theBibledoesnotpurportto giveusascientificaccountof howGodcreatedtheuniverse. Butratherinordertoimpress upontheJewishpeoplethatthey haveamoralobligationtoworshipGodandobservecertain laws-especiallythatoftheSablx.threst-theBibletellsthe storyofthecreationofthe worldandofmanbyGod,but itmakesnopretenceofgiving anythinglikeascientificaccount ofhowGodwroughttheCreation.

RemembertheBibleisavery ancientbook,writtenintheancientHebrewlanguage,notlater than3,500yearsago.Wouldit notbeveryfoolish,then,toexpectthatanymancouldpickit upnowandunderstanditjustas easilyashemightunderstanda newspaper?Again,theBible storyoftheCreationisessentiallyanaccountwrittenforsimple,illiteratepeople,suchasthe Jewscertainlywerewhenitwas giventothem.Everythingthe Biblesayswillbetrue,sinceGod istheauthorofeveryportionof theBible,buteverythingwillbe saidina..popularway.Why, evento-daywhenwearesup, posedtoknowsuchalotabout astronomy,educatedpeople speakofthesungoingbehinda cloud,orthemoonrisingover thehill.Nowwhenyouread thefirstchaptersoftheBookof GenesisintheBible,youwillsee thatthewholeaccountiswritten insuchpopularlanguage.The sun,forinstance,issaidtohave beenmadeonthefourthday, andthewriterisnottheleast crlicernedaboutthefactthatit wouldbedifficulttohavedays withoutthesun.Again,when itcomestothequestionofman's creation,theBiblestoryspeaks ofGodinhumantermsas thoughGodhadfashionedman outoftheslimeoftheearth,as apottermighthavedonewith hishands.Itiscertain,therefore,thattheBibleisnotgiving usascientificaccountoftheoriginoftheUniverse.Whatis theobjectoftheinspiredwriter? ItisevidentthatAlmightyGod RandolphKnapp

'fishestoimpressfirstuponthe Jewishpeopleandthroughthem onthepeopleofalltime,four greattruths:

1.TheexistenceofOneTrue Cod,LordofHeavenandearth.

2.ThefactthatGodcreated allthingsoutofnothing,and consequentlythatworshipofanimalsandstarsandothersuch objectsiswrong.Thiswas,of course,arebuketotheEgyptiansamongwhomtheJews dwelt.

3.Thedutyofkeepingholythe SabbathDay.

4.ThatallthethingsthatGod madewereoriginallygood.

Theauthor'swayofdriving homethesetruths,istocollect altthecreaturesofGodinto groupsandtoshowthateach groupwascreatedbyGod.And hiswayofdoingthisistodescribethewholeworkofcreationasthoughithappenedon sixdaysoftheweek.Buthere imaginesomeonesaying:"But thatisamostpeculiarwayof goingaboutthetask."Iagree withyouthattousitmayseem so,butafterallthisbookwas itten3,500yearsago,andliteraryfashionschangealotina !housanclyears.

GENESISANDBIOLOGYNOT INCOMPATIBLE

Butyourquestion,"Student," continues.Youask:

"WouldyouexplainwhyChristianscanpossiblybejustified inrejectingthestoryofGenesisinfavourofthesuppositionsofDarwin?"

Answer:NoChristiancould possiblybejustifiedinrejecting airyportionoftheBible.The authoroftheBibleisGod,Who thoughHeusedmantowrite variousbooks,sawtoitthatthey %roteonlywhatHewilledthem towrite,sothatHeisresponsibleforallthatiswrittenin theBible.Butasamatterof fact,whateverpeoplemayhold aboutevolution,Darwin'ssuppositionsofthesurvivalofthe fittestandsoonhavebeenabandonedbyallscientists.Darwin isquiteaback-numbernow.

Youcontinue:

"Itseemstome,thatifwe,are toaccepttheNewTestament, wecannotrejectanypartof theOldTestament,becauseall throughtheformerwefindit baseduponthecommandments andpropheciesoftheOld."

Answer:Youarequiteright. Wecannotrejectanypartofthe OldTestament.Butnotforthe reasonyoumention.Thereal reasonforacceptingbothOld andNewTestamentsisthatthe CatholicChurch,whichGodhas guaranteedagainstteaching falsedoctrines,teachesusthat boththeOldandtheNewTestamentaretheWordofGodand thatthereforetheycannotcontainanyformalerror.

Butyoucontinue:

"Tosaythatthesixdaysin whichGodmadetheuniverse meantsixlongperiodsandnot daysof24hours,makesnonsenseofthecommandmentto keepholytheSabbathandin ittodonomannerofwork."

Answer:Idon'tagreewith you.Yostmustnotforgetwhat Ihavesaidabouttheliterary mediumwhichtheinspiredwriter adoptstoconveyhismessageto theJews.Inhispopularaccountoftheworkofcreation,he representsGodworkingasifHe wereamanforsixdaysandthen restingontheseventhday.So

thatifwecaretosaythatthe sixdaysmayhavecovereda verylongperiodoftime-even millionsofyears-itdoesnotaffectinanywaytheliterarypurposeofth,sacredwriter.He merelygroupedtogethervarious classesofplantsandanimalsto suitthepurposehehadbefore him.Itisquiteunnecessary totryandstrainhisaccountto makeitfitinwiththefindingof theologists.

OURLADY'SVIRGINITYAND THEBRETHRENOFJESUS

Yournextquestion,"Student":

"CouldyouexplainCatholicdoctrineconcerningtheVirgin Mary? Iunderstoodyouto sayonmorethanoneoccasion thattheMotherofJesusremainedavirgin."

Answer:Yes,thatisso.The CatholicChurchteachesasof FaiththattheBlessedVirgin Marywasaninviolatevirginbefore,during,andafterthebirth orherDivineSon.

Butyouobject:"TheGospels, however,contradictthatview. AndyouquoteSt.Matthew, XII.,46:"AsHewasyetspeakingtothemultitudes,behold HismotherandHisbrethren stoodwithout,seekingtospeak withhim."AndSt.Matthew, XIII.,54,55:"Isnotthisthecarpenter'sson?Isnothismother calledMary,andhisbrethren JamesandJosephandSimonand Jude?"AndSt. "Isnotthisthecarpenter,the sonofMary,thebrotherof JamesandJosephandJudeand Simon?Arenotalsohissisters herewithus?Andtheywere scandalisedinregardtohim."

Answer:Thisisaverycomplexquestionantiverymuchhas beenwrittenonitfromtheearliesttimes.Onethingiscertainandthatis,that,Marythe MotherofJesus,remainedalwaysavirgin,andthosewho arecalledthebrethrenofthe LordwerenotMary'schildren. Thisisadogmaoffaithfor everyCatholic,anditisalsothe conclusiontowhichSacredScripture,illuminatedbyTradition, inevitablyleads.

ThisbeliefrestsontheAnnunciationnarrativeandespeciallyonOurLady'sreply:"How shallthisbedone,forIknow notman?"Thequestionthus putimpliesMary'sintentionof remainingalwaysavirgin,at whatevercost,preferringvirginityeventothehonourthatthe Angelplacedwithinhergrasp.

2.ThewholestoryofOur Lord'schildhood,andmoreespeciallytheincidentofthefindingintheTemple(Lk.II.,41ff.) makeitclearthatMaryand Josephhadwiththemonlyone child:Jesus.

3.Jesuswasgivenbythose amongstwhomHelivedthespecialtitleof"TheSonofMary" (MarkVI.,3)."This,"writes Reran(LesEvangiles,Paris), "impliesthatHehadlongbeen knownastheonlysonofa widow.Asamatteroffact, suchdesignationsonlycameto heappliedwhenthefatherwas nolongerlivingandthewidow hadnootherson."

4.ThetoneadoptedbyOur Lord'sbrethrentowardsHimis thatofanelderbrothertoa youngerone.Forinstance, MarkIII.,21and31:"Andwhen hisfriendshadheardofit,they wentouttolayholdofhim.For theysaid:Heisbecomemad." Andagain:"Andhismotherand

hisbrethrencame,standing without,sentuntohim,calling him."

NowitiscertainthatJesus wasMary'sfirst-bornchild(Lk. II.,7,22ff.).'Andshebrought forthherfirst-boinchildand wrappedhiminswaddling clothesandlaidhiminamanger."

5.WhenJesuswasdyingHe confidedMarytoJohn'scare (Jo.XIX.,26,7);afactdifficult tounderstandifHehadleft brothersandsistersbehind.

ThereisnocontradictionbetweentheCatholicdoctrineand theGospels.Thosewhosay thereisbringforwardasaproof oftheirassertionthefactthat theserelativesofOurLordare called"Hisbrethren."Itmay beadmittedthattheGreekword, "adelphoi,"whichistranslated by"brethren,"denotesbrothers morenaturallythancousins. Butthisword,liketheHebrew (ah)ortheAramaic(aha), whichittranslates,canbereadilyappliednotonlytobrothers butalsotohalf-brothers.Itis alsogiven,intheOldTestament, tonepheWs;tosecondcousins; tocousinsfurtherremoved;to kinsmeningeneral,andevento simplefellow-countrymen.Thus thereisnoneedtotakeitsmeaningasbrothersintheproper senseoftheword.

Itisalsourgedthattheterm "first-born"impliesthatOur Ladyhadotherchildren.But thisterm,"first-born,"states onlythatJesuswasMary'sfirst childandshouldbebrought,accordingtotheMosaicLaw,tobe presentedtotheLord.Inthe fifthcenturySt.Jeromepointed outthattheScripturesfrequentlyemploytheword"first-born" todenoteamother'sfirstchild, nomatterwhetheritisfollowed byothersorremainstheonly one.

THEKNOWLEDGE

OFCHRIST

Youconcludeyourletteras follows:

"InconnectionwithChapter 7,verse15,oftheGospelofSt. John:AndtheJewswondered, saying:Howdoththismanknow letters,havingneverlearned?

Jesusansweredandsaid:My doctrineisnotmine,buthisthat sentme."Itwouldappearthat Christcouldneitherreador write;andthiswasprobablytrue ofmost,ifnotall,ofHisdisciples.TheJewswereinstructedinthelawandthestoriesof theprophets,bytheScribeand PhariseesandSaducees,etc., accordingtowhicheversectthey belonged,butJesus,without eventhemeagreeducationalaids ofhistime,wasabletoconfoundthemostlearnedofthe highpriests.IfwearetobelievetheScriptures,Hiswasa divinerevelation,nottobeexplainedawayanymorethanthe

(ContinuedonPage15.1

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LBenquiriesconcerningadvertisingshouldbeaddressedto theAdvertisingManager,"TheRegard,"mggaystrut, Perth.PHONEBOO.

Brown:"Well,Ichattedwith heryesterday,anditcameout duringtheconversation."

* * * AwomaninquiredofaNegro porterthetimeofthetrainto Chicago.Shethenwenttoa whitemanandaskedhim.

Theporterwenttothewhite manafterwardsandsaid,with asmile,"Perhapsshewillbelieveit,nowshehasgotitin blackandwhite."

She:"Jimmakessuchwetremarks!"

He:"Whatdoyoumean?" She:"Hestutters."

Husband:"Thecigarsyouhave givenmeforChristmasarejust likeyou,mydear."

Wife:"Howisthat?"

Husband:"Theykeepgoing out."

Thelawyer,whoseofficehappenedtobeonthesixthfloor ofalargecitybuilding,wasexpectingaclientfromthecountry.

Suddenlythedooropenedand amanstaggeredin,puffingviolently.

"Whataclimbupthose stairs!"hegasped.

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"Imeantto,"explainedthe manfromthecountry,"butI justmissedtheblinkin'thing."

Aclergyman,hisfacered fromwindandrain,approached apoliceman.Hisovercoatcollo/wasturnedup,sothatthe policemandidnotseetheclericalcollar.

"Canyoutellmethetime, please?"heasked.

"They'llbeopenintenminutes,"saidthepoliceman.

* * *

Mr.B.:"Whatareyoulaughingabout,Jennie?"

Mrs.B.:"Iwasjustthinking whatafoolyoulookedwhenyou proposedtome."

Mr.B.(sighing):"Yes,andI wasjustasbigafoolasIlooked"

Twomenfromthecountry werestandingonthecornerofa citystreetwhenahugepetrol waggonrolledby,itslightning conductorclankingandrattling ontheasphalt. Oneofthemenpointedexcitedlytothechain,thenracedout andstoppedthetruck.

"Hey,mister,"hesaidtothe driver,"yourbloomin'dog'sgot away."

* *

"Doyouacttowardsyourwife thesameasyoudidbeforeyou weremarried?"

"Justthesame.Iremember whenIfirstfellinlovewith her.Iwouldleanoverthe fenceofherhouse,andgazeat hershadowonthecurtain,afraid togoin.AndIactexactlythe samewaynow."

* * *

Twogolferswereplayinga matchforawager.

AfterthefirstholetheEnglishmanturnedtohisScotsopponent.

"Howmanydidyoutake?"he asked.

"Eight,"repliedtheScotsman.

"Itookseven,sothat'smy hole,"saidtheEnglishman.

Afterthesecondholethe Englishmanaskedthesame question.

ThistimetheScotsmanshook hishead.

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Abusinessmanwhoowneda smallsailing-boatinviteda friendtogowithhimforasail. Asquallcameupsuddenlyand theownerwaspitchedoverboard.Whilehewasstrugglingwiththewaves,hisfriend peeredanxiouslyovertheside oftheboatandcried:

"Isay,Simon,ifyoudon't comeupforthethirdtime.may Ihavetheboat?"

* * * *

"Idon'tknowwhethertobecomeanearspecialistoradentist." "Adentist,myboy.Every manhas32teethandonlytwo ears."

* * *

Daughter:"Gosh!Ifeellikea cocktail!"

Mother:Yes.Whatyouwant isajollygoodshaking."

* * *

Nurse(announcingagreat event):"Professor,aboyhas arrived."

Professor(absent-mindedly):

"Askhimwhathewants."

* *

NervousPassenger:"CanI haveadogticket?"

BookingClerk:"Certainlynot -youmusttravelasanordinarypassenger."

* * * *

MrsJones:"I'vewantedthe drawing-roomrefurnishedfora longtime,butmyhusbandhas alwaystoldmetowaituntilthe thingsarereallyuseless."

Mrs.Brown:"Well,howare yougoingtomanageit?"

Mrs.Jones:"Justletthechildrenplayinthere!"

"Areyouamusician,Mr. Jones?"askedthehostess, sweetly.

Jonessmiledmodestly.

"Well-er-yes,"hereplied, "IthinkImightclaimtobe one." Shecaughthimbythearmand draggedhimacrosstheroom.

"Splendid!Mydaughteristo playthepiano,andweneed someonetoturnthemusicfor her,"sheexplained.

"Youpracticethatflutea gooddeal?" "Yes. Ihopetobecomea finishedplayersomeday,butI don'tknowwhen." "Ido.Itwillbewhenthat mannextdoorgetsholdofyou."

Actor:"I'macomedian."

Playgoer:"Doyoubelievein gogs?"

"Whydon'tyouwearone?"

"I'mgoingtowriteabook andentitleit'TheGarden,'" saidtheauthor. "Inthatcase,"repliedhis friend,wittily,"you'llneeda goodplot."

* *

*

Wagstaff:"Where'sthatfamousdogofyoursthatwassuch agoodjudgeoftramps?"

Hopscotch:"Iwasobligedto givehimaway.Tobefrank, whenIcamehometheother nighthebitme."

Grace(showingfriendher photograph):"Awful,isn'tit?"

Bessie:"It'sasplendidlikeness,though."

TwoEnglishmenweretouring intheNorthofScotlandandenteringafarmhouseoneSunday afternoon,askedtobeserved withaglassofmilkeach.When theyhademptiedtheglasses theyinquiredofthefarmer's wifehowmuchtheyshouldpay forthedrink.

"Oh."saidthatworthy,"we dinnasellmilkhereontheSabbath,butJustgiethebairnsa shillingasyegangoot."

He(afterthequarrel):"Isupposeyou'regoinghometo mothernow?"

She:"DoyouthinkI'masoldfashionedasthat?No,I'mgoingtothemostexpensivehotel intownandletyoupaythe bills."

Wednesday,February5,.1947.

THECATHOLICANSWER (ContinuedfromPage13.)

storyofCreationcanbelimited bythecircumscribedmental horizonofmortalman.Iwould liketoknowwhyanyofthe churchesconsideritnecessaryor evenpermissibletodepartone iotafromtheBiblestory."

Answer:Ithoroughlyagree withyouinthatlastremark,for nomanhasanyrighttochange oneiotaoftherevealedwordof God.WithreferencetoChrist's knowledge,Ishallgiveyouvery brieflyasummaryoftheCatholicChurch'steachingonthis matter.

1.TheknowledgewhichChrist hadthroughHisdivinenature wasinfinitelyperfect.

2.TheknowledgewhichChrist hadthroughHishumannature wasnotinfinite,butwasasgreat asHiscreatedhumanintellect couldreceive.

Itwasofthreekinds,viz., celestial,infusedandexperimental.

Bycelestialknowledgewe meanthatfromthefirstmomentofitsexistenceHissoulenjoyedtheimmediatevisionof God,andinthatvisionbeheld allthings,past,present,andto come.

Byinfusedknowledge,we meanthatHissoulwasendowed withallthatknowledgewhich Godgavetheangelsattheir creation,andwithalltheenlightenmentwhichitispossible forlivingmantoreceivefrom God.

And,lastly,byexperimental knowledgewemeanthatHis soulhadtheordinaryknowledge -whichmenobtainineveryday lifefromtheuseoftheirsenses andreason.

ThatChristhadcelestialand infusedknowledgefollowsfrom thesupremedignityastheWord Incarnate:toHishumannature, unitedasitistoaDivinePerson.mustbeascribedinfullest measureeveryperfectionthat canbeenjoyedbyanycreature inHeavenoronearth.That Hepossessedexperimentalknowledgefollowsfromthedoctrine thatHewastrueMan;being trueMan,He,likeothermen, madeuseofHisfacultiesof senseandunderstanding;He usedHiseyesandears;Heobservedfacts,anddrewconclusionsfromthem.Hisexperimentalknowledgegrewfrom daytoday,likethatofanyor-

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dinaryman.However,we roustbecarefultounderstand thatalltheknowledgesoacquiredwasalreadyinHispossession throughotherchannels.To adaptHimselftohumanconditions,Heacted,ascircumstances required,likecommonmen;thus, aswemaysafelyassume,HeallowedHimselfwhenachildto hetaughtbyHisMotherandSt. Joseph,asthoughHedidnotalreadyknowallthings.Hisexperimentalknowledgemaybe comparedtoHisphysical strengthasMan:asHisphysical strengthincreasedwithyears, so,too,didHisexperimental knowledge;asHisphysical strengthwaslimited,soalso wasHisexperimentalknowledge.Yet,asGod,Hewasallpowerfulandall-knowing.

WHYWESTANDATTHE GOSPEL

"Stranger,"Claremont,writes:

"ThoughnotaCatholic,IattendedMassataCatholicChurch recently.Abouttenminutes aftertheceremonybegan,everyonestoodup,andIdidso,too. Theladybesidemeputher handuptoherheadandrubbed herforeheadandthenher mouth,andthemaninfrontof merubbedthebackofhishead. Couldyoupleaseexplainthe meaningofthisceremonial?"

Answer:Itfrequentlyhappens thatnon-CatholicsgotoMass foronereasonoranother,very oftenjustforthesakeofaccompanyingaCatholicfriend.If theyhaveasinceredesiretoassociatethemselveswiththis greatactofadorationand thanksgiving,andahumbledesiretoseekGod'sblessing,their presenceatMasswillbeofgreat benefittothem,butitwoulddo themagreatdealmoregoodif theywouldenquireintothe meaningofwhattheysee,asyou aredoing,Stranger.

Thereasonwhythepiogle stoodupwasbecausethepriest wasreadingtheGospel.The practiceofshowingthismarkof respectfortheGospel,which consistssolargelyofthewords spokenbytheIncarnateSonof (...,(1isveryancient. Iwasgoingtosaythatitgo,srightback tothebeginning,butthatwould notbequiteright;fortheHoly SacrificeoftheMasswasinstitutedbyOurLordattheLast SupperandontheCross,and theApostlesbeganthepractice ofsayingMassassoonasthey enteredupontheworkofspreadingChrist'steaching.Butit wasnotuntilsometwenty,or more,yearslaterthatthefirst oftheGospelswaswritten.

Stillitistruetosaythatata veryearlydatethepracticewas adoptedofreadingorchanting theGospelatMass,andthatit seemsalivaystohavebeenthe customforthepeopletostand upduringthereadingofthe Gospel.Wehaveinancient documentsofthefourthcentury referencestothepractice,and fromthattimeon,themention ofitoccursfrequently.Sowhen youstoodupatthereadingof theGospel,youwereunconsci-

ouslyjoiningwiththevastarmy ofChristians,whoineveryage havehonouredChristand shownreverenceforHisdivine teaching.

WHATTHECEREMONY MEANS

Butyoucontinue: "Theladybesidemeputher handuptoherheadandrubbedherforeheadandthenher mouth.Couldyoupleaseexplainthemeaningofthisceremonial?"

Answer:Theladybesideyou was,veryrightly,unitingherself withthepriestinperformingthe ceremonyprescribedforhim,of makingthesignoftheCrosson theforehead,andthenonthe 1:ps,andthen(thoughyoudid notnoticethis)ontheheart. Thisceremonyissoancientthat wehavenorecordofitsinstitution,andarelefttodecipherits meaningwithouttheaidofany authoritativeinterpreter,but thereisnodifficultyindiscerningitsmeaning.Thepriest abouttoreadtheGospelandthe peopleabouttolisten,makethe signoftheCross-whichisitself asummaryoftheGospeland thesignwhichChristiansuseto invokeGod'sblessing-asaprayerthatGodwouldgivethem thegracetohavetheGospelin theirminds-sothattheymay befilledwithGod'struth,and theirwholeoutlookmaybein keepingwiththetruthtaughtby Christ-again,thattheGospel maybeontheirlips,sothat theymayspreadChrist'struth, byactuallyteachingitwhen theygetthechance,andalways byspeakinginsuchawaythat menwillseetheeffectofthe Gospelintheirlives,and,lastly,thattheGospelmaybein theirhearts,i.e.,thatknowing Godtheymayhavethegoodwill toreverenceHim,praise,serve Him,andloveHim.

Thatiswhatthatsimpleceremonialmeans.Youwill,Iam sure,seehowbymakingthese littlecrossesonforehead,lip andheart,thedevoutCatholic bringshometohimselfthe meaningoftheMassandth Gospel.

Butyouask:"Whydidth manbesideyourubthebacko hisneck?

Answer:ForallIknowth manyoumentionmayhavebee aSaint,buthisactionwasno partoftheprescribedcere mony,andvaguelysuggeststha hismindwaswanderingfro theconsiderationofsacre( thingstohiseverydayaffairs butitgivesmetheopportunit, ofsayingthis:Whatalotist begainedbyfollowingMassa theladydid-incloseunionwit thepriest-andwhatalotth manmissedbyfailingtodos Andnow,"Stranger,"Ihop youwillgoonwithyouren quiry,andfindoutmorean moreabouttheMass,untilyo will,withGod'shelp,takeyou properplaceat.it,asamembe ofGod's.Church,andnolonge beaStrangerinyourFather' hcuse,foraCatholicChurchi justthat.

TheStoryofaRemarkableMan

FatherWilliamDoyle,S.J.

Afterthisterribleordeal, FatherDoylewasgladtohave afewdays'restattherear.For thefirsttimeinafortnighthe wasabletoremovehisclothes, andhesleptforthirteencontinuoushoursinarealbed.He had,ashehimselfsaid,"nearly reachedtheendofhistether." Forhisconductonthatoccasion hewasmentionedindispatches. Hiscolonelrecommendedhim fortheMilitaryCross,butwas toldthatFatherDoylehadnot beenlongenoughattheFront. Sohewaspresentedwiththe ParchmentofMeritofthe49th. Brigade.Onwhichheremarks: "1hopethattheangelshavenot forgottenme,andthatIshall getalittlecornerintheirreport toheadquartersabove."Fortunately,thereisnodoubt aboutthelatterpointNotangelsonly,buthumansouls speedingheavenwardsboretributetotheself-sacrificingzeal ofthesoldierofChrist.

Fromsomeofhisletters,at thistime,onegetsaglimpseof hisinnerlife,socalmandundisturbed,soperfectlyhiddenbeneathallhisactivitiesasa cheerfulandinspiringmilitary chaplain.

"Lifeouthere,"hewrites, "hashadonestrangeeffecton me. IfeelasifIhadbeen crushedundersomegreat v.eight,andthatthecrushing hadsomehowgotridofmuch thatwasbadinme,andbrought meclosertoJesus.Ifitshould beGod'sholywilltobringme safeoutofthiswar,lifewillbe tooshorttothankHimforall thegracesHehasgivenme here. Iamalreadydreaming dreamsofthebigthingsIshall trytodoforHim.hutIfancy Hewantstocrushmestillmore beforeIgetoutofthis.Iread apassagefromoneofthelettersofPereLiberman.whichis consoling.Hesaysthathe

foundfromlongexperiencethat Godneverfilledasoulwithan ardentdesireforanything-e.g., love,holiness,etc.-withoutin theendgratifyingit.HasHe not,inthelesserthings,acted thuswithme?Youknowmy desirefortheforeignmissions, becauseIrealisedthattheprivationandhardshipsofsucha life,theseparationfromall naturallydeartome,wouldbe animmensehelptoholiness. Andhere,Iamarealmissioner, ifnotintheCongo,atleastwith manyofthewantsandsufferings,andevengreaterdangers thanIshouldhavefoundthere.

ThelongingformartyrdomGod hasgratifiedtimeswithoutnumber,forIhavehadtogointo whatseemedcertaindeath,gladlymakingtheofferingofmy poorlife,butHe(lidnotaccept it,sothatthe'dailymartyrdom' mightberepeated.HowI thankHimforthiskeenestof allsufferings,theprospectof deathwhenlifeisbounding withinone,sinceitmakesmea littlemoreliketheSaviour shrinkingfromdeathinthe Garden!Evenmyanxietyto havemoretimeforprayerhas beengratified,because,while waitingforonethingoranother orgoingonmyrounds,Ihave manyopportunitiesforalittle talkwithHim." Itwasnohumanidealwhich gaveFatherDoylehisstrength andconsolation,buthisrealand constantunionwithOurLord. Whathevaluedmostwasthe privilegeofbeingalivingtabernacle,ofalwayscarryingthe BlessedSacramentaroundwith him.Itwashisconstantsource ofconsolation,andhelpedhim toovercomehisloathingforthe scenesofstrifeandslaughter, andtomanifestanamazingand inspiringcourage,whichhewas reallyfarfromfeeling.

(ToheContinued.)

DearCornerites

Letuspauseandconsiderthe heroicexamplesetusbySt. Agatha,VirginandMartyr, whoseFeastiscommemoratedon February5.

Thissaintlygirlwasthevictimofmanycruelattacksupon herhonourandherfidelityto theChristianfaith.Shewas castamongwickedpeopleand madetoliveinanatmosphereof sinandsqualor.Thistoher wasmorefrightfulthanthephysicaltortureswhichfollowed. Shewassavagelybeatenand stretchedupontherack,her sidestornwithironhooks,and herbodyslowlyroasted.

AllthiswasdonetoAgathabecauseshewasaChristianand refusedtorenounceJesusbefore thebarbarouspagansinSicily intheyear251.Herlastprayer,utteredasshewascarried backtoprisonafterbeingrolled overlivecoals,wasasfollows: "Lord,myCreator,Thouhastalwaysprotectedmefromthe cradle:Thouhasttakenmefrom theloveoftheworldandgiven mepatiencetosuffer.Receive nowmysoul."Aftersaying thesewordsshebreathedouther life.

Weprofesstobereadytodie forChrist,andyetwecannot beartheleastcrossormortification.HowpleasingtoGodis asoulwhichsuffersinsilence, whichshunshonours,whichembraceshumiliations,andwhich seeksnocomfortorrewardexceptfromGod!

THEBASILICA,LOURDES.

Miraculous es

AnnualCommemorationNextTuesday

OnFebruary11,1858,BernadetteSoubirous,childofpoor parentsinthetownofLourdes, inSouthernFrance,wentwith twootherchildrentogather firewoodbythebanksofthe RiverGave.Shewasfourteen yearsofage,aninnocentand gentlegirl,ratherdullatherlessons.Thedaywasbitterly cold,sowhentheothertwogirls tookofftheirshoesandcrossed asmallstream,shewaitedbehind,becauseshesufferedfrom asthma.

However,whentheothershad gonefurtherontocollectsticks, Bernadettedecidedtofollow them.Shehadtakenoffoneof herstockingswhensheheard thesoundofastrongwind,but couldwenothing.Justacri,,, thestreaminthesideofthehill therewasalargecave,orgrotto, withakindofnicheoropening

highupattheback.LetBernadetteherselftellthestoryof whatnowhappened:

WhatHappenedtoBernadette.

"Iturnedtowardsthemeadow,andIsawthatthetrees werenotmovingatall. Ihad halfnoticed,butwithoutattendingtoit,thatsomebranches werewavingsomewherenearthe grotto. Iwentontakingmy shoesoff,andIwasputtingone footintothewater,when heardthesamesoundinfront ofme. Iliftedmyeye,andI sawamassofbranchesand bramblestossedandwavingthis wayandthat,underthehigher openinginthegrotto,though nothingstirredallround.Behindthesebranches,intheopening,Isawimmediatelyafterwards,awhitegirl,notbigger thanI,whomademealittlebow

PriatedaidPublishedbiKeith

BACKTOSCHOOL.

Now,Cornerites,Iwantyou alltobuckupandgetbusyon scmethingforthispage.Remember-thisisyourpage.I'm readyandwaitingtopublishon thispageeachweekanylittle storiesorpoemsyouwriteyourselves,eitheratschoolorat home,andIwantlettersfrom you,too.Nowthatschoolhas begunagainIexpectabigincreaseinthemailbag.Where areallmylittlefriendsfrom MidlandJunction,fromFremantle,andHighgate?AndIwant newCornerites,boysandgirls, fromanywhereintheState.

ImustannouncethatIcan onlypublishoriginalwork.If yousendinapoemoralittle storyoradescriptionofsome happening.wanttoseeonthe worksomelittlenotefromyour teacherormotherorfatherexplainingthattheworkisyour owneffort. Haveyougottaphotographof yourself?-asnap,perhaps,takeninyourbackyardwithyour brothersandsisters.Maybe youhavealittlepictureofyourselfinyourFirstCommunion veilanddress.Turnoutthose interestinglittlesnapshotsand sendthemtoyourpagein"The Record."Ifthey'regoodenough toreproducewemaypublish them,sothatotherCornerites canhavealook.Whetherthey arepublishedornottheywillall hereturnedtoyousafeand sound.

Well,myniecesandnephews, here'shopingthatyouhavea successfulandhappyschool year,anddon'tforgetwhatI've justbeensayingtoyou-Sincerely, AUNTBESSY. withherhead.Atthesame timesheputherhandsoutalittlefrombesideherbody-her armswerehangingdownlikethe (picturesof)OurLady.Arosarywashangingonherright arm.

"lwasfrightened. 1stepped back. Iwantedtocallthetwo littleones,butIdarednot. 1 rubbedmyeyesagainandagain; 'thoughtImustbemistaken. Lookingup,1sawthegirlsmilingatmeverysweetly.She seemedtobeinvitingmetoapproach,butIstillwasfrightened.Allthesame,itwasnota fearlikewhatIhavefeltat othertimes,becauseIwouldalwayshavestayedtolookatthat, butwhenoneisfrightenedone goesawayquick.ThenI thoughtofsayingmyprayers.

Iputmyhandinmypocketand tookouttherosarythatIalways carryinit;Ikneltdownand meanttomakethesignofthe Cross,butIcouldnotputmy handtomyforehead-itfell back.Meanwhile,thegirlput herselfsidewaysandturnedtowardsme;thistimeshewas holdingthebigrosaryinher hand.Shecrossedherself,as thoughtopray.Myhandwas trembling;Itriedagaintomake thesignoftheCross,andthis timeIcould.AfterthisIwas nomorefrightened.Isaidmy rosary.Thegirlmadethe beadsofhersslip(throughher fingers),butshedidnotmove herlips.

"WhilesayingmyRosary, I waslookingashardasIcould. Itwaswearingawhitedress, hangingdowntothefeet,of whichonlythetipsappeared. Thedresswasfastenedquite highup,roundtheneck,bya

nationwaspresent. Adoctor observedherpulseandbreathingduringtheecstasyandfound thembothtobenormal.She wasperfectlycalmand,after thevisions,sheactedinaquite normalway.Shewasnotseekingpublicity,forshetookno noticeofthecrowds,andshe triedtoavoidthequestioners whopesteredher.Shenever spokeofthevisionunlesscompelledtobyinquirers.People werestruckbythecharming graceofhergestures,andthe transparentfaithanddevotion shedisplayedwhenshemadethe signoftheCrosssobeautifully animitationofherlady.

TheMiraculousSpring.

OnFebruary25therewasan entirelynewdevelopment.Bernadettewasseentomoveabout thegrotto,andthentoscratch inthegroundwithherhands. Shesaidafterwardsthatthe ladytoldhertodrinkofthe springandwashinit. She couldseenospring,butthelady pointedtothisplace.andwhen shebegantodigshefoundalittlemuddywater.Shedrank someandrubbeditonherface. Thepeoplethoughtshewasmad, andthescoffersbegantolaugh -thewholethinghadbecomea joke.

Butthejokebecameveryseriouswhenitwasdiscoveredin theafternoonthatastreamof clearwaterwasflowingfrom themuddyhole.Verysoonthe springwaspouringforth27,000 gallonsperday,andithascontinuedtodosotillthepresent time.

foldfromwhichawhitecord washanging.Awhiteveil,coveringthehead,wentdownover theshouldersandthearms,almosttothehemofthedress.On eachfootIsawayellowrose. Thesashofthedresswasblue, withitsendshangingdownto herfeet.Thechainoftherosarywasyellow;thebeads, white.largeandwidelyseparated.Thegirlwasalive,very youngandsurroundedwith light.WhenIhadfinishedmy Rosary,shebowedtome,smiling,-retiredintothenicheand disappearedallofasudden."

Ecstasy.

Bernadettewasexaminedand re-examineduponthedetailsof whatshesaw,butneverdidshe alteroraddanythingtothedescription.What,then,istheexplanationofthisstrangestory? Imagination?That'swhatthe civilauthoritiesandtheclergy said.Buteventsprovedotherwise. Inspiteofallkindsofhindrances,shereturnedtothe grottoabouteighteentimesduringthefollowingdays,andeach timeher"beautifulgirl"appearedagain.Whenthevision appeared.Bernadette'sfacebecametransfiguredwithecstasy. Itshonewithheavenlyradiance sothathermotherhardlyrecognisedher."Tearswererunningfromhereyes."saidaman whosawheronthesecondoccasion;"shewassmiling,and herfacewasbeautiful-more beautifulthananythingIhave everseen."Attimesshewas completelylosttoeverything elseintheworld,evenwhensurroundedbythousandsofpeople. Wasthishallucination?Not oneofthesymptomsofhallucirneisSoruhanat"TbeRecord"once.450Hasstreet,Perth

Soonafterthis,Bernadette wenttoM.Peyramale,theDean ofLourdes.withamessagefrom herlady.Shehailbeentoldto gotothepriestsandtotell themthatachapelshouldbe builtatthegrotto.Also,the ladyhadsaid:"Letprocessions comehither."Thepriestreplied:"Haveyouanymoneyto buildachapel?""No,"she said."NeitherhaveI.Ask theladyforsome."Thepriests gavehernoencouragement. Noneofthemhadbeentothe grotto.Itisthepolicyofthe Churchnottorecognisealleged visionsormiraclesuntilthereis overwhelmingproofthatthey aregenuine.

Itwasnotlongbeforesuch proofwasforthcoming.butit wasonlyafterseveralyearsthat acommissionofenquirysetup bythebishopfinallypronounced thatthehappeningsatMassabiellecouldbeacceptedassupernatural.

Thingsbegantohappen,however,thatmadeitmoreand moredifficulttobeanunbeliever.Achildthathadbeenparalysedfrombirthlaydying.The doctorsaidtherewasnohope, butthemother,indesperation, carriedherbabytothegrotto andbathedhimintheice-cold waterofthespring.Immediatelythechildbecamewell; hewascompletelycured.Fifty yearsafterwardshewastobe seenatLourdes,asamanhelpingtocarrythesick.

1.1.4.0.04,04..

BUSHIES' CORNER

Thefollowingdonationstothe Bushies'Schemearegratefully acknowledged: £s.d.

Previously acknowledged 5168 AFriend(Victoria Park) 20

AFriend(WestPerth)200

Total E9166

GiftofStamps. UsedstampshavebeenreceivedfromtheMaterDeiJuniorPraesidium,oftheLegion ofMary,Kalgoorlie.