The Record Newspaper 20 November 1946

PolandHasLostFaithintheWest

"SoldDowntheRiver"by andAmerica

PolesWereRewardedby theBetrayalofYalta

ByALEXANDERJANTA,in"TheSign,"

Wemaysmuglyimaginethat Polishangerissaimedsolelyat RussiaWearewrong.Poland haslostfaithintheWest;and theWesthaslostafriend.

IamaPole. Iwasanofficer inthePolishArmouredDivision, whichclosedthegapatFalaise, andtookpartintheliberationof BelgiumandHolland.Iamone ofthosePoleswhofoughtshouldertoshoulderwiththeirWesternallies.Ispenttwoandahalf year-inaGermanprisoncamp.I riskedmylifeinasuccessfulescapeinorderthatImightrisk itagainforourcommonvictory.

IfeelthatIhaveearnedthe moralrighttospeakmymindto AmericansandBritons,evenif whatIhavetosayisnotpleasant. Thoughyouseemtohaveforgottenwewereallcomrades-in-arms inanoblecause,mycolleagues andIremember.Weshallale-aysremember.

Byafortunateaccident,Iam' amongthosePoleswhocanstill talkwithoutinhibitions. My claimtoarighttobeheardis thereforebackedupbyadeep awarenessofmydutytomake youlisten.Idemandyourattentionasadebtofhonour.

Thatnoblecauseinwhichwe werejoinedwasimplicitinthe kindofenemywewerefighting.

Butitwasalsomadeexplicit:in theAtlanticCharterandother greatAllieddeclarationsoffuture freedms.WePolesnaturallytransfatedthoseflamingprinciplesand promisesintospecifichopes.We acceptedthemliterally,perhaps naively,asspecificpledgesofPolishindependence,theintegrityof ourblood-soakedsoil,achanceto buildafree,democraticlifepatternedonourowndreamsand apacifies.

with..ntrightconnivance,ofBritainandtheUnitedStates.

Youcan,.1amsure,understand theindignationofaPoleashe surveysthewreckageofthecause inwhichwefoughtandbledside byside.Butyouassume,smugly,thatourangerisdirectedentirely.orevenmainly,againstSovietRussia.Inthisyouaremistaken,deeplymistaken.And somehowyourmistakeseemsto metoaggravateyourfault,

Afterall,wecouldnotanddid notexpectrespectforoursoiland ournationalaspirationsfromthe SovietGovernment.Weshared noneofyourillusionsaboutthat dictatorship.Wehadlivedtoo closetoitsworkstobetakenin byitswords.Moreover,weknew thatthepeopleofRussia,howevertheymightfeel.werehelpless tocurboreveninfluencetheir rulers.

No,ourindignationisdirected againsttheWesterndemocracies onwhoseplightedword,onwhose leadershipandpassionatereassurances,westakedournational soul.Itistheindignationshot throughwithbewilderment-the kindonefeelsforhisfriends,not hisenemies.Wehavebeenhurt, degraded,oppressedbytheRussians.Butwebelievethatwe havebeenbetrayedbytheBritish andAmericans-that,inyour vividEnglishphrase,wehave been"solddowntheriver"of powerpolitics.

Norcanweabsolveyou,theindividualcitizen,fromasharein thefearfulblame.Unlikethe Russiansyouhavetheresponsibilitybornofdemocraticadvantages.YoursilenceontheenslavementofPoland-onthebetrayal,therefore,ofourcommon cause--isnotenforcedwithbayonetsandfiringsquads.Youhave arighttoreviewtherecord,to protest.toinsistonamends.

Thosepledgeshavebeenbroken, thosehopesviolated. Aregime imposedfromoutsideisenthroned inWarsawNearlyhalfofmy coun'trylsterritoryandalarge partofitspopulationhavebeen cutoffwithoutconsultingthe Polishpeople.Thedreamofdemocracyhasturnedintoamock-' ery.Analienwayoflifehas beenrivetedonthetruncated bodyofPoland.

Thesearethefacts.Theycannotbequitesmotheredindiplomaticrhetoricandface-savingformulas.Themosthorrifyingfact ofall-theonethatimpelsmeto addressyou,myformercomnadesin-arms----isthatthetragedyhas cometopasswiththeconsent,

ThePoleswerethefirsttoenter WorldWarII.WhenGreatBritainandFrancedeclaredwaron September3,1939,mycountry wasalreadybomb-battered.For threedaysithadstoodsteadfastlyaloneagainstan,aemywhose firepowerwasseventy-twotimes greaterthanours.Withthenews oftheAnglo-Frenchdeclaration, awaveofunboundedenthusiasm sweptthroughtheland.Spontaneousdemonstratorsinfrontof theFrenchandBritishembassies inWarsawshoutedinecstasyof fellowfeeling.

"Wearenolongeralone!"peoplerepeated.Littledidtheysuspecttheunpreparednessofthe twonations,oneofwhichclaim-

BBritain

aol,litallgite,b,l,,eidge.rs.

Thistruthwasacknowledgedhy thoroughlyawareofthelength andthebitternessofthestruggle., bothathomeandabroad,didnot oncefailinall-outloyaltytothe choicetheyhadmade.Wewere withtheWesternpowers-forbetterorworse,for"lifeanddeath." ThosewereChurchill'swords,addressedtoGeneralSikorskiwhen hecameoverwithhisgovernment andhisarmy,whichincludedtwo thousandtrainedfliers.Poland wastheonlyactiveallyBritain hadatthatmomentagainstthe wholemassedmightofGermany andItaly.

withRussia,seemedjustified.At

The with.t!lueie(seiccoonndfermeneeeetingmaoifskt,hediencteirr--

ed:

"TheSovietUnion,whichdefendstherighttoestablishits ownsocialorderanditsowngovernment,hasconsistentlyand withfullforcedenouncedallviolationsofthesovereignrightsof peoples,allaggressionsandaggressors,anyandallattemptsof aggresivenationstoimposetheir willonotherpeoplesandtoin()lyetheminwar."

Thedeedsthatfollowed-like thedeedwhichhadprecededwereinstarkcontradictionto thesewords.

Poleswerereadytofollowhim blindly.

edcompletemasteryoftheseas, whiletheotherboastedthegreatestarmyintheworld.ThePolishpeopletookitforgrantedthat militaryhelpwouldsoonarriveto stemthetidesofdeathpouring overtheirhomes.

FrancewashoundtoPolandby analliancethatwassupposedto workautomaticallyincaseofaggression. GreatBritainhad guaranteedthePolishborderstwo daysafterthepactbetweenHitlerandStalinshatteredthelast doubtsastotheultimateintentionsofourpowerfulneighbours. Wewerereducedtothecondition ofabuffernation-which,accordingtoonefamousdefinitionis"a smallstatesetupbybiggerstates asanartilleryrange."

Itwaswithoutdoubtprecisely thatBritishguaranteethatstiffenedthePolishwilltoresist.In themindsofthePolishpeople,alwayseagertodefendagoodcause. itsealedthedecisiontoacceptunconditionalconflict,torejectcontemptuouslytheprofferedconditionalsurrender.

TheAlliesdidnothing,presumablycoulddonothing,inSeptembertorelieveevenforamo menttheterrifficpressureapplied byHitlertoPoland.

TheSovietUnion-boundtoPO landbyanonaggressionpactthat stillhadsixyearstorun-made quickuseofitspartnershipwith theNaziinvader.TheRussian armedinterventiononSeptember 17cutshortPolishpossibilitiesof resistance,enablingHitlertoturn thatmuchsooneragainstthe West.Nevertheless,Poland'slonelysacrificegavenineinvaluable monthstoFrance,wellovera yeartoGreatBritain.

TheGermansmeanwhiesought t,convincethePolesthattheywerefightinginvainandonlyin theinterestsofaforeignpower. They-coveredoccupiedWarsaw withposterspicturingawounded, haggardPolishsoldieragainstthe ruinsofhishometown,withthe inscription:"England!This is yourwork!"Thedeathsenfince wasannouncedforanyonedamagingtheseposters.Butthepets. plcofWarsawtorethemoff,almostunderthenosesoftheinvaders.Ateen-agegirlwascaught

Intheact-andshot.Thefirst ,asualtvinthePolishundergroundthusdieddefendingGreat Britain'shonour.Irecommend thisfacttoBritonsproudoftheir senseofsportsmanship.

Itwasontl.otfoundationof trustinBritainthataneffective PolishHomeArmywasorganised. thatnoquislingsappeared;that ourresistancegrewanddeepened.

ThePoles,truetotheirgenerous nature,stakedallononecard, confidentofwinning.

FromLondontheHorneArm,' wasorganisedagainstthebackgroundofaPolishUnderground Stateintimatelylinkedwithits Bailedgovernment,Polishintelligenceservice,oneoftheleast knownbutmostsensationallyefficientorganisationsmadeprecious contributionstothealliedcause; thatisnotmyopinionbutGeneralMarshall's,asexpressedto GeneralSikorski.

Fortwoyearsmilitaryandpoliticalinitiativewasintheenemy's hands.Bychoosingtoattack SovietRussia,Hitlerdrovethat eot.ntryfrombenevolentneutral ityintothecampoftheallies,of whomPolandwasthefirstand themostcruellypunished.It wasatthisjuncturethattensof thousandsofPolishunderground andovergroundfightersheardthe most.thrillingannouncementof the.war.

Irefer,ofcourse,totheAtlanticCharter,bearingthesignatures oftwogreatmenwhomthePoles werereadytofollowblindly, RooseveltandChurchill.Itcameto usasanunequivocalconfirmation oftheprinciplesforwhichwe hadatthattimeshedmoreblood thanallthealliednationscoiniined.

BoththeBattleofFranceand theBattleofBritainfoundePol. ishGovernmentsupportedby Polisharmedforcesdefendingfirst Frenchsoil,thenBritishskies,as iftheyweretheirown.Poles wereprominentamong"thefewto whomsomanyowedsomuch"

CnSeptember24,1941.fulladl'erencetothe'AtlanticCharter waspledgedinLondonbythe GovernmentofPolandandhy IvanM.MaiskvfortheSoviet Union.Thesloganadvancedby GeneralSficorski-"letbygonesbe bygones"-nvhichhadalreadytakensubstanceinanagreement

ThedrainsofPolish-Russianrelationsistoowellknowntorequirereiterationhere.Itbecame obviousthatRussiawasdeterminedtoturnPoland-forathousandyearstheeasternmentbulwarkofWesterncivilisation--towardsMoscow,evenifthePolish backbonehadtobebrokeninthe process.

Themoreapparentthisintentionbecame,themorefervently Polishhopeswereturnedtothe West.Iknow,becausewetalkedofthesethingsinourbarracks. inthefoulNaziprisoncamps,on battlefields."Withleaderslike RooseveltandChurchillwecannotbeletdown,"weassuredone another.

PreparationsfortheHome Army'sultimatetaskscontinued. Thehomecountrygaveendless proofsofimplicitandunabridged faithinitsLondonGovernment, evenaftertheRussianshadbrokenrelationsandbeguntofashion aregimeoftheirownPolish"patriots"ofCominternlineage.Poles continuedtodieforthecommon cause,insidetheircountryand outside,scarcelyconsciousthat connivingpoliticianshadalmost forgottenthenatureofthatcause

WhenChurchill,inthespringof 1944,toappeaseStalin,proclaimedtheso-calledCurzonLinea justfrontierbetweenPolandand Russia,veteranPolishairmen,the survivingparticipantsoftheBattleofBritain,decidedasabody toprotestbyhandingbackthe decorationswonindefendingLondon.Theyweredissuadedwith greatdifficulty.

ThePolesheldontighttotheir illusions.Theysimplycouldnot acceptthethoughtthatthey whohadtakenthefirstblowsof thewarmightbediscardedand treatedlikeaconqueredenemy nation.Oncethewarwasover, wetoldourselves,oursacrifices wouldberemembered;theAtlanticCharterandtheloftypromises ofthewarwouldnotbeforgotten. Weshouteddownourdoubts.

Churchillhimselfundertookto knockthepropsfromunderthese illusions.Perhapsthevigourof hisbehaviourwillprovidehistorianswithacluetohisbadconscience.ThePolishproblemwas developingintoatestcaseofthe genuinenessofdemocraticprofessionsandidealisticpledges.It badtoberemovedtomakeway forpowerdeals.Mr.Churchill tookthescabrousjobonhimself. Thiswasinthesummerof1944, inMoscow.AfterpreliminaryconferenceswithStalin,hesummoned

CONCESSIONSTOWARSAW

EndangerPolesandItaly.

NumbersofPolishpriestshave alreadyarrivedwithGeneral.Anders'forcesinEnglandandthe ArmyBishop,Mgr.Gawlina,isexpectedinthenotverydistant future.

Howmanyofthemwillremain inGreatBritainwilldependon thedecisionsofthePolishsoldiers.

Thechaplainswillwanttohelp thesoldiersandhavedecidedto accompanythem.Ifthemajorityofthesoldierswillstayon Britishsoil,mostofthechaplains willsharetheirfate.IfthemajoritydecidetoreturntoPoland, thecorrespondeningnumberof chaplainswillaccompanythemin shipsandtrains.

Meanwhilethefightforthe soulsofthePolishsoldiersisgoingon.Manyconcessionsand withdrawals,madeinthespiritof "appeasement,"havedeteriorated thesituationandmadethePoles desperate.

Firstly,inItalythenumberof alliedsoldiershasdiminishedsubstantially,andsotheinsolence ofTito'sfollowershasincreased. Suchconflictsasthosewhichlead totheU.S.A.ultimatummaycontinueandallItaly,includingthe Vatican,canbeseriouslyendangeredunlessnewBritishandAmericanforceswillhesenttoreplacethePoles.

Secondly,theWarsawGovernment,seeingthattheirdemands areaccepted,aremoreconfident andbluntlyignoreallBritishand Americannotesaboutelections.

UnwiseConcessionstoWarsaw.

TheBritishauthoritiescoulddeclaresimplythatuntiltheelectionswillbeheld,nofundamentalquestionswillbediscussed withtheWarsawrulers.Instead ofthis,manyconcessionswere madeandtheWarsawdictators,

morearrogantnow,threatenthe Polishsoldiersthattheywilllose theirPolishnationality,ifthey willenlistintheBritisharmy. TheunfriendlyattitudeofsectionsofBritishopinion,influencedbytheCommunists,isanother factor.ThePolishsoldiersknow thattheconditionsofferedto thembytheWarOfficearerelativelygood.Butareconcessions totheWarsawrulersreallyatan end

ThePolishsoldiersfeelinsecure,andiftheyhavetheprospectthatfinallytheywillbeat themercyoftheWarsawauthorities,theyperhapswouldpreferto returntoPolandnowandnotendangsktheirwivesandchildren bylosingPolishcitizenship.

THECHURCHISBEING VINDICATED

"God'sLawBindsNationsand Rulers."

"Wewitnessatthe'presentmomentanextraordinaryvindication oftheteachingsoftheChurch, saidtheBishopofGalway,the MostRev.Dr.Brwne,preaching atHighMassinSt.Nicholas'Cathedral,Galway,onAugust20,at theopeningofthefirstPriests' SummerSchoolofSocialStudies, organisedbytheChristusRexSociety.

"Ithasbeenforacenturyor moretheaccepteddoctrinethat rulersaresovereignandsubject tonolaw.

"To-dayrulersarebeingtriedat Nuremberg.Itmaybemerely therevengeofvictors,butostensibly, atleast,itisajudicialtrial forcrimescommitted.

"Againstwhatlaw?"askedhis Lordship."Oneatheprosecutors-hasdeclaredthatitisthe lawofcivilisation.

OURCATHOLICSCHOOLSANDCOLLEGES

LoretoConvent"Osborne"-Claremont BOARDINGACIDDAYCOLLEGE.

TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducationonmodernlinesinallbranches ofstudy.Thepupilsarepreparedforallexaminations.TheSchoolis beautifullysituatedbetweenOceanandRiver,inextensivegrounds, withfineplayingfieldsandprivateSwimmingPoolinRiver. 'TelephoneF2135. Apply-MOTHERSUPERIOR WNW

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ForParticularsapplyto-THEBROTHERDIRECTOR CHRISTIANBROTHERS,MT.HENRY. ONEOFTHEASSOCIATEDPUBLICSCHOOLSOFW.A.

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*4- AND

"Hedidnotexplainwhatthat lawisorwhomadeit.Hehad notthevisionorthecourageto assertthatitisthelawofGod whichgivesallmenandnations theirrights.

BindingonNations.

"Thattrialisanadmissionof thedeephumanconvictionthat thereisamorallawbindingon nationsandrulers,butitwillsatisfythehumanconscienceonlyif itdoestwothings-firstly,acknowledgethatthelawwhich bindsnationsandrulersisthe LawofGod:secondly,takesfrom thejudges,andplaces,amongthe accusedinthedock,therulersof thatregimewhichhascommitted themostterriblecrimesagainst manandnations."

BishopBrownesaidthatinthe past50yearsthePopeshadproclaimedclearlyanddistinctlythe Christiansocialteachingonthe evilsandproblemsofthemodern worldAndwhatwasmorenecessaryfortheworldthanthat teaching.

"Theworld,lefttoitself,has plungeddeeperanddeeperinto moraldisaster, "Abandoningtheleadershipof Christ,ithasyieldeditselftofalse andblindleaders.Communism, Socialism,andNazism,andithas driftedfurtherawayfrompeace. prosperity,andorder."

'EversincetherevoltofLuther therehasbeenanincreasingtendencytolimittheauthorityof theChurchandtoexcludeitfrom publicaffairs,hisLordshipadded, -000-

"ESCAPEDNUN"STORY RETRACTED

Aretractionforallstatements derogatorytotheCatholicChurch containedinan"escapednun" pamphletiscarriedinthePortland,U.S.A.,Archdiocesanweekly,the"CatholicSentinel."The retraction,signedfromahospital bedbyJohnE.Hosmer,ofSilverton,Ore.,withtheman'sProtestantstepdaughterandstep-granddaughteraswitnesses,statesthat theauthorwas"misinformed aboutthematterwhichIprinted inthepamphlet, Ihaveoften deniedtheexistenceofareal,personalGod.InowwishtoconfessthatIbelieveintheOneTrue GodandaskHisforgiveness. ."

OTES

ARCHBISHOPSTEPINAC

British'Government'sAttitude.

SirHectorMcNeil,BritishForeignUnderSecretary,statedon Tuesday,October22,thatthe ForeignSecretary(Mr,Bevin) wrotetohisEminenceCardinal GriffinonOctober4,sayingthat hefeltit"wouldbeimproperfor theGovernmenttolodgeaprotest withtheJugoslavGovernment concerningthearrestofArchbishopStepinac,sinceitwasaquestionofJugoslavinternalpolitics, buthewouldwatchthecasecarefullyincaseitmightbeuseful latertodeclareourviewstothe JugoslavGovernment."SirHec-

ARCHBISHOPSTEPINAC.

toradded:-Mr.Bevinhasnotat presentformedanygroundsfor varyingtheviewsexpressedtothe Cardinal."Headdedthatthe Vaticanviewpointhadbeenfully explainedtotheBritishMinister attheIlolySee.

SirHectorMcNeil'sstatement followeduponCardinalGriffin's actionincirculatingeverymemberofParliamentwiththefacts aboutArchbishopStepinacand hisEminence's"ferventrequest thateverythingpossiblebedone tosecurethereleaseofagreat andinnocentman."

IntheCoMmons,onWednesday,October23,Mr.Winston

WINSTONCHURCHILL.

Churchill,formerPrimeMinister, saidamidapplause,that"theCatholicChurchandtheclergyof Croatiawerebeingpersecuted withthegreatestseverity.The circumstancesofthetrialandcondemnationoftheArchbishopof Zagrebhavecreatedwidespread regret."

RETURNOFANEXILE

DonLuigiSturzo,74-year-old Italianpriest,scholarandstatesman,whoin1921foundedtheItalianPopularParty,forerunnerof to-day'sChristianDemocratic Party,hasreturnedtoItalyand beenreceivedbythePremier,SignordeGasperri.

Hehadintendedtoreturnto hisnativelandimmediatelyafter theendofthewar.Responding lastyeartoaninvitationofthe ChristianDemocraticPartyinSicily,DonSturzosaidthatitwas "hisdesire,Godwilling,toreturn andtocontributetowardsthesolutionoftheproblemsofour island,toitspromisingfutureand totherebirthoftheItalianfatherlandinthelibertyofdemocratic andItaliancivilisation."

TheItalianpriest,whomarked thegoldenjubileeofhisordinationin1944,wasoneofthefirst opponentsofMussolini'sFascism. DomSturzoresignedasheadof thePopular'Partyin1924,two years'aftertheestablishmentof theFascistregime,andleftItaly, preferringexiletolifeinatotalitarianState.

TwoNewMiraclesatLourdesareConfirmed

FortyDoctors,AttestRecovery

ThemiraculouscuresoftwopilgrimsatLourdeshavebeenacknowledgedbytheBureauof MedicalAuthentication,Paris, afterathoroughexaminationby numerousdoctors.

AyoungwomanofLimoges, MissYvonneFournier,whohad losttheuseofherleftarminan accidentin1940,wascuredon August19,1945,whensheemerg-

edfromthewatersoftheGrotto atLourdes.The40doctorswho examinedherattheMedicalBureauofLourdeshadrequesteda year'sdelaybeforegivingaverdictonthecure.Theydeclared unanimouslythatthecurewas completeandthatitcouldnot havebeeneffectedthroughnaturalmean, Polyneuritis.

Thedoctorsalsostatedthat CamilleCongrasofMontpellier, whohadsufferedfrompolyneuritisofthelegsresultingfromlead poisoning,hadbeengranteda

completecure.Mr.Congrashad beendeclaredtotallydisabled.

Thirteenotherseeminglymiraculouscureswerereportedduring the1946pilgrimage.However, noofficialdeclarationwillbegivenuntilafterayearofobservation.AmongthosewhobenefitedinthesecureswasaMissMade. leineLanglais,whohasbeenina sanatoriumfortubercularperiton. itis,Someunbelieversatthe sanatorium,itisreported,had scoffedatherwhensheleftforthe pilgrimage,andtoldher:"Ifyou arecured,wewillbecomeconverts."

Australia'sCatholicPoetsPublishan

Anthology

WHYPOETRYISIMPORTANTTOTHEFAITH

SignificantWorkByMatureArtists

ByBRIANDOYLE.

Poetry,likeindirecttaxation, andfinaljudgment,existsfor everybody.

But,unfortunately,manypeoplearecontenttoremainaloof fromit,justastheyfoolishlyclose theireyestothedepletedresourcesoftheirpocketsortheircreditanddebitbalanceintherecordsoftheEternalBook-Keeper.

IthaslongsincebecomeuneventfulforAustralianstocriticise.themselvesorbelittlethe achievementsoftheirfellows.But ifthechargecanbelaidthatthe massesintheoldercountrieshave tendedtovaryingdegreestoremainremotefromthewritingsof theirpoets,ithasaspecialapplicationinourowncountry,and assumesaspecialimportance whenrelatedtoAustralianCatholics.

Itwouldbebanaltolabourthe meritsofpoetry,toplugitssignificanceinthelong-termdevelopmentofideas,aims,ambitions, forces.Truly,thepoetwhocan capturetheimaginationofthe rankandfileofhisawngeneration,andwhoseinfluenceisstrong enoughtobecarriedoverintothe livesofsucceedinggenerations,is apowerfulandinfluentialman.

Equally,thepoetwhoseappealis tothelimitedintelligentsia,may exerciseinthelongrunaninfluenceoutofallproportiontohis popularityandthenumberofhis readers.

ImportanceofPoetry.

Melbourne-bornnativeofthis countrynamedPauldrano,now residentinBrisbane.

Thepublicationofthisvolume, whichmustreceivewidespread supportandinterestfromallsectionsoftheAustraliancommunity,isimportantforanumberof reasons.

ThefirstreasonisthatPaul Granohasdoneanexcellentpioneeringjob-thosewhoknowhim personallyknowhowharditwas, too-inachievingthepublication ofthebook,incidentallybythe leadingsecularpublis,lerinAustralia.PaulGranors,infact.the keypersonalityinthedevelopmentofthenewCatholicpoetry traditioninAustralia.Hisown workisfirst-class.Hispoemsfind aplaceinalllocalanthologies.His associationwiththegeneralpoetic traditioninAustraliahasbeen definitive,andallcriticsacknowledgehim.Ilehaswrittenseveralvolumesofpoetryinrecent yearswhichare"must"booksin theAustralianpoetrylibrary.It waslogicalthatheshouldferret outCatholicpoetsfromallparts ofAustralia,andinallwalksof life,assembleselectionsoftheir works,somepreviouslyunpublished.andincorporatethemin ananthology.

Australian,butthekeenerstudent knowsthattheyareexamplesof thenamesofschoolsoflocalpoets, goodandbad,significantanderratic,promisingandhopeless,who haveappearedonthepoetichorizonsofalandthatcanclaima farbetterpoeticachievementthan itsaveragecitizen,whomerely knowsthatnameslikeHenryLawsonor"Banjo"Pattersonhave somethingtodowithAustralian poetry,usuallyrealises.

Also,weareatlonglastmaking somethinglikeaseriouseffortto evaluatetheachievementofour authors.Literarycriticismisapproachingbetterproportionsand characteristics.Wearebeginning torealisethatmenlikeHenry Lawson,"Banjo"Patterson,Will Ogilvie,J.Dennis,Roderic Quinn,BernardO'Dowd,John ShawNeilson,ChristopherBrennan,BarcroftBoake,EdwardDyson,VictorDaley-tomention somenamesastheycometomind quickly-wereallfarmorethan ephemeralorvulgarrhvmsters, andthatsomeofthemwerepoets inthefullestandmostartistic senseoftheword,evenasapplied togreatEnglishCatholicpoetsGerardManlyHopkinsorFrancis Thompson-orapoetofthepeoplelikethegreatScot,Bobby Burns.

Othernamesthatshouldstrike afamiliarnoteinthemindsof CatholicreadersareUrsulaClinton,P.T.Findlay,MaryKing, MarionMillerKnowles,NoraMcAuliffe,PaulMcGuireandPeter Miles.

Somestrikinglygoodworkappearsfromthepensofsomewhat lessfamiliarauthorswhocompletethelistofcontributors.

Thegeneralnoteofthecontributions,whichthecompilerhas groupedbroadlyintotwocategories,"OfGod"and"OfMan,"is soberandpermanent.Thereisa largevarietyofstyle,form,topic andtreatment.Traditonaland revolutionaryapproachestothe poeticartaretobefound.

Granohimself,witharefreshing directnessandsimplicity,inmodernstyle,canincludethefollowinglinesinapoemon"The Church".

Sheisalover, Iresentandcherish. Icannotescapeher ThoughIperish.

ThoughIrejecther, Iamhersforever; Customedbybond Deathcannotsever.

Nonebutthenative-borncanunderstand; Forusalone

Thissecretmother-word,this idiomallyourown,

CatholicManifesto, EileenDuggan,theNew Zealandpoetess,who,likesomeof hercolleaguesinPaulGrano'svolume,hasattainedconsiderablerecognitionoverseas,providesseveralpoems,includingonethatfollowstheforewordandeditor's note,whichsheconcludesinlines thatstateeffectivelythecareof theCatholicpoet:

Whatisitkeepsussingso, Withnaughttogain,andallto lose?

Itisthecreedthatafteruswillbe Thesingersofourprophecy. Masters,wemaynotlatchyour shoes, Butwe,atleast,havecriederewe go.

Ifoursorrowbringsyourmorrow, Wesingonblind, ForFaithmattersthoughsong scatters, Blownoutofmind.

Insimplelanguage,thefactis thatpoetryisimportant,influential,valuable.Itisimportantto Australiato-day.Itisimportant totheroleoftheFaithinAustralia.Itshouldbeimportantto theaverageman,womanand child,whoshouldknowthatitis possibleforthereadingofavolumeofpoetryinthehometoprovidemorepleasurethananight atapictureshow,speedwayor dogtrack;anditisrelevantto observethatpeoplewhohaveconqueredcynicismandprejudiceto theextentofactuallyindulging inthepracticeofhome-readingof poetryregularlyattendthelocal barber,donotwearsuedeshoes, andareconservativeintheir choiceofshirtsandties.

Theprecedentforthisseeming apologiaforpoetryinthelifeof theaveragecitizen,moreparticularlyCatholicpoetryinthelife oftheCatholiccitizen,isthepublicationofabookcalledWitness totheStan,whichisananthologyorvariedcollectionofpoems bylivingAustralianCatholic poets,compiledandeditedbya

Themainimportanceofthe book,however,isthat-somewhat rudely,inmanyinstances-itwill resultinwidespreadrealisationof thefactthatthereareCatholic poetsinAustraliato-day,theyare producingpoetry,theirworkfalls intomostoftheacceptedpoetic categories.muchofitisgood, someofitisverygood,allofitis worthattentionandexamination.

IfGrano'santhologydoesno morethanfocusattentiononthe presentstateofCatholicpoetry inAustralia,trainevenadim spot-lightonsomeofthepersonalitieswhoseblusheshavebeen unnecessarilyandunjustifiablyunseeninthepast,andserveasa hopping-offgroundtobroader pasturesbysomewhowishtoincreasetheirfamiliaritywithlocal Catholicpoetsandpoetry,itwill havedoneamagnificentservice toCatholicliteratureinAustralia -andAustralians,aswell.

PresentTrends.

Thepublicationof"Witnessto theStars"istimely.ThegeneralbodyofAustralianliterature, particularlypoetry,isinastateof fluxatthemoment.Movements whichcameintobeingintheperiodbetweenwarsareworking themselvesoutinonedirectionor another.Nameslike"Jindyworobak,""Meanjin,"or"AngryPenguins"mean'littletotheaverage

TimelyPublication, Grano,then,wholongsinceforsooklawforliterature,haschosenanaptmomenttoplacecontemporaryCatholicpoetrybefore thenation,andhismediumis soundinformandcontent.It isidletocontend,ofcourse,that everypoeminthisanthologyis offirst-classquality.Suchisnot thecase.Itcouldnotbeexpect. edtobethecase.Noanthology iswithoutmediocrity,atleast,and nobodywouldexpectthatevery Catholicpoetinthiscountrywho cangetapoemintoaCatholicanthologyistop-ranking. Itis, however,intheoccurrenceand formof"WitnesstotheStars" thathistoryhasbeenmade. Thatdoesnotmean.ofcourse, thatfirst-classworkisabsent.The reverseisthetruth.Itcouldnot beotherwisesinceitincludes poemsbyauthorswhoseworkreceivesgeneralrecognitionatthe highestpoints,andisnotomittedfromthereputablegeneral Australiananthologies-names likeJamesDevanney,EileenDuggan,MartinHaley,F.J.H.Letters,"JohnO'Brien,"Joseph O'Dwyer,RodericQuinn.Besides appearinginanthologies,theseauthorshavecontributedtoperiodicalsandnewspapers,andhave eminentlywell-established'reputations.

Thenhecangoontowrite"In aChain-StoreCafeteria."inwhich hesays:

ThisiswherethePeopletake tee,Salmonrissoles,twoandchipsfor sevenpence; Meatpie,potatomash,apenny lessThisiswherethePeopletaketea.

JamesDevanney,consistently pureandrefinedinhiswork,ends, poemon"TheWatersofHeaven"withthesebeautifullines: AndIlaymedown

BytheWatersofHeaven, Atlastandforever, Allsearchingso'er; Thewandererhome, Thewildhearthavened, Towondernoin,pre, Towandernomore.

And,(mergingintotheout-ofdoors,thesamepoetgivesus superbevidenceofhisdelicatereactiontonatureinitsAustralian setting,inapoemhecalls"The BlueBushHaze":

Ilovethebluebushhaze

That,likeadream,mantlesthe drowsinghills

Evenonperfectdays; Airyandunattainable,itfills Withchild-surmise, Wherevaguelyoverallthefilmof distancelies. -

0landoflovelyblue,

BornofAustralianlightanddie tancegrandTheselfandsoulofyou!

Andthepoeticpathosinthe sameauthor'spoemabutthe childlessMaoriwomanprayingto OurLadyforachildwouldbedifficulttoexcel,especiallytheopeninglines:

Oh,youtheluckywoman.Merl, youtheluckywoman! Amouthatyourbreast,anda childinyourshawl; AsonoutofGod,andachieffor yourpeople, Ai-ee!Allthat,andInoneatall!

Thereismuchelsethatisquotable,worthyofbeingcommitted tomemory,brimfulofinspiration toCatholicsofallagesandtypes, particultrlytheyoung.

Perhapsthesequotesmaybe broughttoaclosewithapoem byFatherJ.E.McInerney,aMelbournepriest,whoservedasa R.A.A.F.chaplainduringthewar, andfoundpoeticinspirationfrom whathisCatholicmindandsoul experiencedinthosegrimdays. Hecallshispoem"OnLeave," anditreads:

DearGod,Ihadforgotten

Eventhattreesweregreen, Andfieldswerecoolandcalm. Ihadforgottenwhatthesethings couldmean

Toachingeyes,whatbalm Liesinlongfurrows,ruggedand clean.

Ihadforgottenhowatallgum dreams, Howbreamaremovelessintheir shadowedstreams, Ah,Heart,Ihadforgotten

ContinuedonPagel.'

JAKINDIVANNEY. URSULAWINTON. PAULewe. MARYKING. MARTINRALZT.

By FrancisGilbert

IMPRACTICABLENOTIONS

AttheconferenceofAnglican bishopsheldinAdelaiderecently,theBishopofNewcastle(Dr. F.deWittBatty)wasreported assayingthecrimesofviolence whichareincreasingalloverthe worldrepresentedacalltothe Governmenttoreconsideritsattitudetoreligiousinstruction."So longasreligionistreatedasmerelyanextrasubjectintheschool curriculum,"saidhisLordship, "thentherewillexistadanger thatthemoralconductofthepeoplewillbelowered."Thebishopsaidhebelieveditshouldbe possibleforalldenominations,includingthe"Roman"Catholic Church,tojoininprovidingan effectivesyllabusofreligiouseducation.Thiswastheonlywaytorepairtat.'.reakdowninthe moralstandardsofthiscountry andtheword.

entirelywiththegeneraltenourofDr.Barry'sremarks.Theincreaseincrim-,especiallyamongtheyoung,while itmaybeattributedtoavariety ofcauses,isprimarilyadiseaseof thespirit.Forthesoul,likethe body,declinesseriouslyifdeprivedoffood;but,unlikethebody, afterlongdeprivation,itsappetite,insteadofincreasing,declines andfinallydisappears.Theremedyforcrimewillnotbeprovidedbyapurelyhumandevice.It maycertainlybecheckedbyinculcatingaspiritofcitizenshipin thesdhools,byaddingtothe numbersofthepoliceforce,by makingthepunishmentsmoresevere.Butitseradicationwillfinallybebroughtaboutonlybythe eternalsanctionswhichChristianityrevealswillbeappliedagainst thepersistent,unrepentant sinner.-

AgainweagreewiththeBishop thattherestorationofmorality mustbeginwiththereligiouseducationofchildrenintheschool.

Butitisatthisjuncturethathis Lordshipseemstogrowconfused. Heindicatesthatunderthepresentsystemreligionbetreated merelyasanextrasubjectinthe curriculum.IntheStateschools ithasn'teventhisdignity.AccordingtovariousStateenactments,aclergymanorotherauthorisedpersonmayvisitState schools.foranhourorhalfan hourperweektoimpartreligious knowledge.Butitisnopartof thecurriculum.Itisaltogether anexternalandevenalienperformance,andinagoodmany instancesisregardedasnosmall nuisanceandinconvenience.What theBishophasinmindisapparentlyto"regularise"thisprocedure,muchasonedoesinthe caseofanillicitmarriageunion. Presumablyhewouldmakereligiousknowledgeastandardsubjecttaughtinitsturneveryday intheschoolsandembracinga curriculumacceptabletothereligiousbeliefsofallparents.

ifthisisanaccurateparticularisationofwhattheBishopexpressedinveryvagueandgeneralterms.Imustsayinallcharitythatitwouldbeutterlyimpracticible.FortheCatholic pointofviewitwouldalsobeundesirable.Forournotionofreligiouseducationisthatitisnot justa"subject"inthecurriculum tobetreatedonthesamelevel astheprofanestudies,butitis scmethingwhichinthelivesand exampleoftheteachers,andin theatmosphereoftheschool, mustpermeateandinformall else.Norcanitbetreated merelyas"religiousknowledge," fortheChurchaimstotrainthe willsoftheyouthasmuchasto informtheirminds.

Mostobjectionable,however,is theproposalforacurriculumacceptabletoallcreeds.Evenif thisweredesirableitseemstome tobequiteoutsidetherealmof possiblethings.Theinclusionof theexistenceofGodonthecurri-

culumwouldexcludethechildren ofCommunistsandCapitalistic materialists.Therewouldbea brawlaboutinfantbaptism.The DivinityofChristwouldseethe departureoftheJewsandthe offspringof"advanced"Christians,Theinclusionofprayer wouldoffendthepsychologists whoregarditasmerelysuggestion.

Theresultv-ouldbeacomplete mutilationofthesacr.-.mentalsystem,andtheteachingauthority oftheChurch.Bytheterm thelowestcommondenominator ofacceptablereligioustruthhad beenreached,whatwouldhelet: wouldnotbeworthteaching.It wouldcertainlybearlittlere. semblancetoChristianity.T1processofleavingthingsoutto pleasethethousandsofnon-Catholicsectswouldendbybeing utterlyunacceptableonaccount ofwhatitretainedformuchof theparthassignificanceonlyby itsrelationtothewhole.No, theonlysolutionofthereligious educationproblemmustbealong thelinesofthedenominational school,supportedbytheGovernment'sreturningtothevariousreligiousbodiesthatshareofthe taxespaidbytheiradherents whichisordinarilydevotedto education.Suchfinancewould stillbeinsufficient,butforCatholicsatleastitwoulddosomethingtorelievetheintolerable burdenofdoubletaxation.

CLOSERSETTLEMENT

ThepassingofthesecondreadingoftheCountryAreasWater SupplyBill,(whichproposes,ata costof£10,000,000,tobringadequatewatersuppliestocountry districtsnowwithoutthem,is becomingincreasinglythetarget ofruralcriticism.Itiscontendedthatthemeasureisdirected primarilytothebenefitofthe countrytownsforwhichthe farmerswillpay.Itisfurther arguedthatmostfarmshavealreadyimprovisedtheirownwater suppliesandthateveniwherethese arenotadequatethecostofthe schemewouldoutweighitsbenefits.Therearecertainlyseasons ofdroughtwhenanassuredwater supplywouldhelptoavertfearfullossesinsheepandcattle,but iftheGovernmentmeasureistoo heavyafinancialburdenonthe individualfarmer,eventhisbenefitwouldbeofdoubtfulvalue.

Statehasonlybecomeinevitable throughtheabsenceofrivers,paucityofrainfall,etc.Waterdeficiencyhasbeenourmajorrural problem.Itseemstomethatthe newschemecouldbeadmirably adaptedtoacompletechangeoverintheacceptedtypeoffarminginWestAustralia.Adequate watersupplieswouldmakeitpossibleforfarmingoperationstobe conductedonmuchsmallerareas andforavarietyofcropstobe produced.Ifthiswerethecase thefarmerWouldobviouslybefar moreindependentoftheexport marketthanhehasbeenhitherto. Actuallyhewoulduseagoodportionofthefoodstuffsheproduced, exchangingthebalanceforthings hecouldnotproduce.Thebenefitsofvariegatedfarmingonsmall holdingsaremany,thereduction ofcapitalcostsandinterestpaymentsnotbeingtheleast.

Chiefamongitsadvantagesare thatitwouldenableclosersettlementtobebroughtaboutwith alltheattendantadvantagesofa largerpopularandsocialintercourse.Alargepopulation,closelysettled,wouldbecomethehinterlandforthedevelopmentof good-sizedcountrytownsinwhich theyoungerpeoplewho,byinclinationorcircumstance,couldnot stayontheland,wouldbeemployed.Itwouldthushelp greatlytoarresttheflighttothe citywhichhasbeensteadilyde: pletingthecountry,,ideformany years.

lOo

THEPARASITESTATE

IamnotsurewhethertherecentdemiseoftheBettingControl Billisamatterforregretornot. Idoknow,however,thatthere willbegreatrejoicinginthe thehomesofthesocialparasites thatitwillbepossibletocontinuethepresentsystemofdefianceofthelawandthereapingof hugeprofitsfromtheviciousand thefoolish.Thedefeatofthe Billismorallyachallengetothe Governmenttoprovethatitis notpoliticallybankrupt.Every thinkingpersonintheStatedemandsthatthepresentrotten orderbeeliminatedwithoutdelay.Anditisthebusinessofthe Governmenttodevisewaysand meansofprotectingcitizensfrom exploitationwhiledoingsomethingalsotoreducetheeasy moneywhichsupportsanarmyof loaferswhoneitherworknorpay theirshareoftaxation.

Thisisnottosaythatgambling perseisillegal.TheChurchrecognisesaman'srighttodispose o-moneythatrightfullyishis own,evenfoolishly,ifheso wishes.Buttheattendantcircumstancesofgamblingmayeasilymakeitanationalscourge, andinmyopinionthepresent stateofaffairsinW.A.fillsthat descriptionunhappilywell.

Itmustsurelybeamatterof concernthatalargenumberof

youngmendonousefulproductivework,thatthedesireforand possibilityofmakingalivingin thiswayisproducingasectionof pleasure-crazed,irresponsibilecitizens,thatthefloutingofthelaw mustgiverisetocynicism,anarchy,anddisregardforallauthority.

Towork alawofnature: placedonmaninthebeginning asapunishmentitcanbemade hischiefjoyinlife;throughithe bestexpressesthecreativepowers cfhisfacultiesWithoutworka manquicklydegeneratesandis robbedofthatmediumthrough whichheworksouthissalvation. Fromthesocialandeconomic viewpointhebecome,parasitical, drawinghislifelikealeechfrom thehealthyactivityofothers. WherealargeproportionofparasitesexistandflourishtheState itselfisindanger.Itistheright andthedutyoftheStatetosuppressparasites.

J.NEILSON OPTICIAN

S.DANNELL,F.S.M.C_(London), W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST. TeL/32014.

16PLAZAARCADE.PERM.

LANDANDESTATEAGENT-

G.H.TEEDE

Phone

31-Private267 SMITH'SBUILDINGS, WELLINGTONST.,BUNBURY. Businesses.Farms.HousesLand ForSale.

RandolphKnapp (W.A.O.A.)

SIGHT-TESTINGOPTICIAN, 12ATWELLARCADE.

FREMANTLE-L1562.

CHINA,GLASSandPLATED WAREIMPORTERS.

OtleyPlace,offMurraySt. (rear

77BARRACKSTREET-PERTH PHONEB3511

WeincorporatewithustheOpticalPracticesofOPTICALSUPPLIES(WA.)LTD., OPTICALPRESCRIPTIONS(W.A.),LTD., FOYCrGIBSON'SOPTICALDEPARTMENT, M.P.RYAN,Optometrist(lateOrientBuildings), AndHOLLYWOODMILITARYHOSPITAL.

Itseemstome,firstly,thatadequatewatersuppliesshouldbe madeavailabletothecountryand treatedasanationalassetrather thanasanindividualdebt.After all,millionsofpoundshavebeen andwillbepoureddawnthesink onpublicworkswhichareunproductiveandwhichaimmerelyto keepdownunemployment,But thestabilisationofagriculture willshowahealthynationaldividendandshouldbetreatedin thisway.

Secondly,theexistenceoflargescale,specialisedfarminginthis

1heKremlinHatesa

ChristianOrderof Society

ReasonForEire'sExclusion fromU.N.O.

Atthiswritingtheadmissionofilnokovflatlyrefusedtosupport IrelandintotheUnitedNationsEire'sapplicationformemberhasbeenpostponedbecauseoftheshipintheLeague'ssuccessor, oppositionofSovietRussia,saysTheSovietwillhavenopartwith anarticlein"TheCanadianRe-anationwhosetrulyCatholic gister."Moscow'sobjectiontoPrimeMinisterwasnotashamed Eire'smembershipwillsurprisetostandupatGenevaandpray: noone.TheKremlinknowsfull'MayGodassistusintheexalted wellthatwhenthereisquestiontaskbeforeus,andmayHenot ofrightandjustice,Eire'sposi-permitthatweshouldfail." tionisnotindoubt.ShehasButallwhobelievethatthe sufferedtoolongandtoofearfullyUnitedNationscanbemadeto fromthedenialofbothtocoun-workforthegreatergoodofa "MayGodassistusintheexaltedtaskbeforeus andmayHenotpermitthatweshouldfail"

Mr.DeValeraatGeneva1932 terranceforamomenttheirdenial toevenasingleothernation. AndshesohatesanddetestsCommunismthatshehasneverestablisheddiplomaticrelationswith theSoviet.

TheKremlinisnotafflicted withabadmemory.Ithasnot forgottenthepartIrelandplayed inthedefunctLeagueofNations, ofwhichMr.deValerawaspresidentforaterm.SoitisnosurprisethatRussiandelegateKras-

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powerbebanishedfromtheworld forever-whymustthesehigh ideals'beabandonednow?"

TheRegentofGreece

troubledandanxiousworldwill ardentlydesireEire'smembership.Eire'svoiceintheU.N. wouldberaisedasitwasraised atGeneva,onbehalfofaChristianorderofsociety.TheIrish delegatewouldrepeatwhatMr. deValeratoldtheLeagueofNations.Therehecalledforaconventiontouniversalise"thesacredrightsoftheindividualwhich shouldnotbetakenfromhimunderanypretextbyanymajority whatever..Itisnotsufficient tosaythatwearehereconcerned merelywithpolitics.Nopoliticsthatareinanysenserealcan excludeconsiderationsofthepurposeofhumanlifeandtheend whichmen'sexistenceisdesigned toserve.Peacecanbesecured onlyonthebasisofgoodwilltowardseachotherandisitnotevidentthattherecanbenogoodwillwhenmenseethethingsthat meanmosttotheminlifethingsthattranscendlifeitselfbeingattacked.Commonsense declaresthistobetrue,andthe wholecourseofhumanhistory confirmit. Todepriveman ofhisreligionistodeprivelife ofitsmeaning.Christiansbelievethattheonehopeofsecuringpeaceamongmenistobe foundinobediencetotheprimaryChristiancommandmentthat menshouldloveoneanotherfor God'ssake, Thetheoryof theabsolutesovereigntyof States,interpretedtomeanthat theStateisabovealllawmust beabandoned."

ThatwasthevoiceofMr.de ValeraatGeneva.Itwillbethe voiceof'theIrishdelegatetothe UnitedNations.Andthatis whytheKremlinwouldblock Eire'sadmission.With its wholesoulIrelandrejectsthe madnessofforceandardentlydesiresapeaceonthebasisofjustice.

Itwillberememberedthatthe firstWorldWarwasproclaimed asawartoendallwarsAnd whiletheguns thundered,a futureLeagueofNatiinswasproclaimedasthegoalofdespairing humanity.Inabroadcastfrom Genevain1932Mr.deValera joggedthedelegates'memory:'1If peoplewerethenurgedtocontinuetoenduretheagonyofthe warsothatmankindmightnever havetofacesuchhorrorsagain ifgenerousyouthswerebiddento sacrificethemselvessothata reignoflawmightbeestablished, thattherightsoftheweakmight beheldnolesssacredandnotless securelyguaranteedthanthe rightsofthestrong,thatjustice mightprevailandtheoldlustof

Theidealsof1914-19wereproclaimedanewastheendofthe Alliedwareffortin1939.4,' The maninthestreetasksto-daythe questionaskedbyMr.deValera in1932. Andbecausehiscountry'svoteintheU.N.mouldbe castfortherealisationofthese highidealstheKremlinsays"No" toEire'sapplicationformembership.

H.A.C.B.S.

OurLadyHelpofChristians' Brangh.

Ourusualfortnightlymeeting washeldonTuesday,November12,butowingtoinclement weatherandlightingrestrictions therewasonly-averypoorattendance.Wewerepleasedtolearn thatBro.E.McCarthyandBro. Turnerwerewellagain.

Anappealwasmadeforour memberstoattendinfullforceat theannualgeneralCommunion andbreakfastonSunday.November24.Abuswillleave Mint-streetat7.30a.m.

Itwasreportedthattabletennis,quoits,andbadmintonwere theselectedgamesfor1947,So, members,comealongandgetin somepractice.

Membersareaskedtogive theirsupporttotherivertrips whicharetobeconductedbythe MS.CouncilinDecember,JanuaryandMarch.Atlastwehear thatourannualpicnicistotake placesometimeinFebruary.So memberswhocanruncomealong tothemeetingandgetfullpar! ticulars.Allarrangementshave beenfinalisedforourbuspicnic toYanchponSunday,December 1 Wewillbeleavingabout10 a.m.,sobeearly.

Bestthankswerereceivedfrom Bro.Lockhead,forsmallpresentationmadetohimbyoursecretary,onhisdeparturetoSouth Australia.I.uckyseatwaswon byBro,L.Whitely.

Ournextmeetingwilltake placeonTuesday.November26.

Agoodattendanceofmembersis

St.Joachim'sBranch. Despitetheinclementweather andblackoutconditions.themeetingheldonNovember12wasvery wellattended.Intheunavoidableabsenceofthepresident,the vice-president,Bro.P.Travers,presided.Memberswillbesorryto learnthatSr.ElaineGambleisin FremantleHospital.Wewish heraspeedyrecovery.Weare pleasedtohearthatSr.S.O'Neill. whosearnihasbeencausingher someanxiety,hasnowshown markedimprovement.Sr.H. FlynnandSr.K.Lonerganhave lefthospital,andwetrustthey willsoonbeinthebestofhealth again.'Sr.M.Symonds'clearance toSt.Anthony'sBranchwas granted.WeallwishSr.Symonds thebestofluckinhernewhome.

Wehopetoseealargeattendonceofmembersattheannual generalCommunion.Taxiswill leavethepostofficeat7.30a.m. Sr.F.M.MurphyandBro.P.J. Reidywereappointeddelegatesto theBiennialConference.

Membersonthemedicallistare remindedthattheirfeesmustbe paidbytheendofthemonth.

ThenextmeetingisonNovem ber26,atwhichtheelectionof officerswilltakeplace.Sowehope toseealargeattendance,Itwil. alsobemembers'poundnight.

YOU'DLIKEITVERYMUCH.

Wouldn'tyoubepleasedtofind youhadwon'efirstprizeof£3.000 intheCharitiesConsultation. BuyaticketnowintheNo.343 -youjustmightbethewinner. Ticketsareonly2/6.

ItCostsNoMoretohaveyour

OutstandingFigureinGreek SchismaticChurch

Recently.whentheresultsof theGreekvoteonthemonarchy questionbecameknown.ArchbishopDamaskinos,Primateofthe GreekOrthodoxChurch,surrenderedtheRegencywhichhehas heldallthroughthecivilupheavalwhichfollowedtheliberationofGreece. TheArchbishop,anoutstanding figurein,theGreekSchismatic Church,is57yearsofageand standsoversixandahalffeet high.Inphysiquethisbearded churchmanisobviouslyonenof thehighlanders:hewasbornin thePindusMountainsfromwhich Greecedrawsherkiltedhighland regiments.

Inhisearlydayshefollowed politicallytheNationalisttrendof Venizelosandwasoneofthefew oftheGreekChurchwhosupport. edachangeoverfromtheEasterntotheGregorianCalnclari ThismovebroughtGreecemore intolinewithWesternthanEast. ernEurope. Thebolcinssandthevigourof Damaskinoswerefurtherexhibitedwhenin1928hisdioceseof Corinthwasdestroyedbyan earthquake,

TheBisnoporganisedtnewelfareofhispeople,mostofwhom survivedtoliveinatentedencampmentoutsidetheruined city,andreliefbroughtbythe Britishwasdispensedunderhis jurisdiction TouredU.S.A. Whenthingshadsettleddown hewentofftotheU.S.A.,where hecollectedandorganiseda buildingfundwithwhichanow Corinthwasbuilt. WhenGen.Metareasbecama Greekdictator,thedemocratically-mindedBishopwasnotinfavour,andwhenhetiedwithChristanosintheelectionsforPrimate oftheGreekOrthodoxChurch.

Aletaxaschangedtheelectoraljaw inordertopreventDantaskinos becomingPrimate.

Later,whentheGermansoccupiedGreece,ArchbishopChrisantoswasdeposedbecauseherefusedtoadministertheoathto GenerallTsolakoglou'sQuisling GovernmentandDamaskinosbecameArchbishopandPrimatf,in hisplace.

Damaskinosalsorefusedtoadministertheoath,andinpastoralsandpublicannouncementsencouragedGreekresistanceinevery wayhispositionallowed.

DefendedJews,

Hedefendedtheunfortunate Jewsandononeoccasionoffered himselfashostagetotheGermans. Hisprestigewassohighatthe war'sendthatwhentheCommunistbandstriedtotakeover theGovernmentbyforceand (wereresistedbyequallytotalitarianrightistsandmonarchists, theArchbishopwastheonlypersonwhocouldaccepttheposition ofregentoverthecontinually changingDemocraticGoveromentsandinaperiodwhenBritishtroopsandafewGreekelementssavedthecountryfromanarchyandawelterofatrocities andcounteratrocities,Damara kinosrepresentedtheonelogical objectivestrainofGreeknational democracy.

Nowheissurrenderinghis officeafterageneralGreekpoll: andperhapsoneofthebestguaranteesthattheelection,inspite ofSovietpropagandastories,was reasonablyfair,isthefactthat Damaskinosacceptsitsverdict. Hadtherebeenanyevidenceof aforcedorfalseelectionhisvoice. 'whichdefieddomesticandforeign dictators,wouldcertainlyhave beenraisedincondemnation.

Nextmonthweareholdingour XmasCarnival."Plans arebeingmadetomakethisthe "CarnvalofCarnivals."Watch thiscolumnforfuturenotices.

ions.Wehopetohavealearn danceclassafterourmeeting inNovember24.

SUBIACOBRANCH.

DiocesanHeadquarters: NationalMutualBuildings,81St. George'sTerracd,Perth.

'Phone:B2546. 0

CLAREMONTBRANCH.

ThedanceonSaturday,No -

tio. camber16,consideringthelackof electricity,wasvery"bright."All patronshadamostenjoyable time.Itwasgratifyingtosee peoplefromFremantle,Subiaco, ShentonPark,etc,Thescarcity oftransportfacilitiesdoesnotdeterourpatronsfromgettingto anexcellentdance.Ournext dancewillbebeheldonSaturday,November30. Ifblackout' conditonsstillprevail,wewould appreciateitiflocalpatrons couldbringalongalamp.

Ckidtet.

Practiceisheldeveryweek-end. Naturallywhenthecompetition teamisselected,preferencewill begiventothosewhohavebeen attendingpractices.Socome along.ForinformationcontactD. Sullivan.

Theblackouthasclampeddown' onmanyactivities.Therewas1 nogeneralmeetingonMonday, November11,butonSundaya' fewoftheboysgottogetherfora' practicecricketmatchatHender-I sonPark,andinspiteoffrequent' showers,thedaywentwellexcept thatthelastshowercaughtusall flat-footedandwewenthomelike drownedrats.Wearetryingto getthisgroundeverySunday,so cricketenthusiastspleasetake note,

Genera

Basketballandthetabletennisfinalshavebeenputoffindefinitely.Therewillbenogeneralmeetingstillthelightisback tonormal,buttheleaders'group continuesasusualafterDevotionsonSundaynight.Theproposedopeningofthetennisclub hasalsobeenheldupbutit won'tbelongnow,sodon'tforgettowatchforthedate.

OOTTESLOEBRANCH.

Oargeneralmeeting,onSunday,November10,hadtobepostponedowingtolightingcondi-

KALGOORLIESECTION

RUSSELL'S THESHOPFOR Kalgoorlie MEN'SWEAR

MAKE- *

W.GLASSON YOURTAILOR Kalgoorlie

FORTHEBESTMEATatREASONABLEPRICES,DealfromJAS.GRAYtlCO.LTD. WHOLESALEANDRETAILBUTCHERS.

53BURTST.,BOULDER,ARDACHAVENUEAND HANNANST.,KALGOORLIE. Telephones:B168;K675. Telephones:B168;MM.

YOUCANDOALLYOURSHOPPINGAT the GOLDFIELDS' LEADING EMPORIUM

whereyou

Sporting. Gymnasiumwillbecontinued faMondaynightwiththeaid ifJ.Berkeryasourgym.maser. Cricketwillbediscussedatthe textgeneralmeeting.Anyboy nterestedwillbeabletogetfull rticularsfro:nanyoftheleadThereistalkofanoutingto raluen.Sowatchthiscolumn orfurtherdetails.

OOTTBSIJOEBRANCH.

BranchMeeting. Ourbranchmeetingwillbeheld asusual,withorwithoutlight, nSunday,23rd. LearntoDanceClass. Theseclasseshaverecommencd,andwilltakeplaceafterour branchmeeting.

Leaders'Meeting.

Infutureourleaders'meeting willbeheldeveryFridaynight at7,45p.m.

Cridtet.

Weareformingacricketteam ofourown,andhopethatall thoseinterestedwillgetintouch withus.

Gymnsaium..

Mondaynightsaresolelydevotedtoindoorgamesandgym. Inrecentweeksattendanceat theseeveningshavebeenvery poor.Wehopeinfuturememberswilltrytogetalongtogym. everyMonday.

SavingsScheme.

TheSavingsSchemeisbeing startedintheleaders'group,and laterwehopetobeabletostart itinthegeneralbranch.

Athletics.

Twoofourmembers,J.BerkeryandB.Keane,arerunning fortheY.C.W.Wewishthem bothsuccessintheircoming races, LEEDERVILLEBRANCH.

Cricket.

HighgateandLeedervillehave alwaysbeenkeenrivalsfor Y.C.W.honours,andonthelatestoccasionoftheirmeetingHighgateonceagaintookthelaurels.

AtForrestParklastSunday theydefeatedusatcricket,scores being110to70.Afteranuncertainstartwelookedlikeacompletecollapse,butRonBradbury andFredFergussonheldtheir wicketupandbattedsoundly andattractively.Thefifthwicketfellat59,andthentheprocessiontoandfromthewicket commencedinearnest.Except forbrightbutbriefhittingby TomKinsella,andasolidstand byFredClarke,ourboysfellto theaccuratebowlingofKeith MarshandAldanO'Sullivan.

OurbestbatsmenwereFred Fergusson20 highestofthe match>,RonBradbury,13;and TomKinsella,11.Bestbowlers: TomKinsella,3for5;RonBradbury,4for22, ThisSundayweareplaying Cla;emontatCollegePark.

PracticeonTuesdayandThursdayevenings.

Film.

theselectorsplacedintheirabilityandthattheywillstriveto bringthehonourshome. Nodoubttherewillbe,many disappointmentsamongthosenot chosen,butrememberchapsthere isalwaysanexttime,anditmay beyourchance,sokeepontrying hard,anddon'tforgettocome alongandgivetheteamyoursupport. Forthebenefitofplayersand supporters,weareallmeetingat theCausewaybusstopat1.15 p.m.Makesureyoudon'tmiss thebus.

Owingtotheearlytimewe leaveforMidlandtherewillbe nopracticethisSundaymorning.

National Catholic Girls' MOVEMENT

MIDLANDJUNCTION BRANCH,

Itisnicetoknowthat,atlast, weareanofficialbranchofthe N.C.G.M.Theremayhavebeen atrainstrikeandnolights,but thatdidnotstopusfromcarryingonasusual.Folks!weare proudandhappytosaythatour openingwasagreatsuccess.Dr. Sullivancarriedouttheceremonies,afterwhichtherewereafew briefspeechesoutliningtheaims andworkoftheN.C.G.M.and Y.C.W,Thiswasfollowedbya dance,whichwasenjoyedby everybodypresent.

PhysicalTraining.

Thelightsaremakingabitof differencetothisactivityatpresent,butwewilltrytogetsome arrangementsmadethisThursday night.

Dance.

Owingtoagoodbitof"propaganda"attheopeningonWednesdaynight,ourcarnivalonFridaynightwasahugesuccess.So muchso,thatwehadnumerous requeststoextendthetimefrom 11.30to12p.m.Thenextdance willbeheldnextFridaynightat theTradesHall,MidlandJunction, NEDLANDSBRANCH.

DancingClasses.

IfthepowerisonTuesday, November26,wewillholdour dancingclassesintheSchoolHall, at.8p.m.Sopleaseallendear ourtoattend,aswehaveobtainedaverygoodteacherandwish tomakethisactivityagreatsuccess. Bytheway,abigsocialevent isbeingarrangedforthevery nearfuture,soreadthiscolumn nextSundayandwe'lltellyouall aboutit

'LEEDERVILLEBRANCH.

Rehearsals,

havebeenlifted.Ourhistone beforeChristmaswilltakeplace inSt.Patrick'sHallonTuesday, December10. Foronenightwe intendtodispensewithformal ityandspendtheentireevening playinggames,etc.

LunchClub.

AsIseachedthetopofthe stairstheotherdayaterrificdin assailedbyears.Iwasalmost temptedtopretendI-wasonthe wayout,butinsteadIventured in.BeforelongIwasmaking esmuchnoiseastherest.Soif youhavelunchinFremantle, whynotjointhegang?

SUBJiACOBRANCH.

PhysicalCulture.

Thisactivityhasbeencancelled temporarilywhilethestrikecontinues.

Tennis, Thetennisclubwasopenedlast Sunday.TherewasagoodrollupofbothN.C.G.M.andY.C.W. members,and.everyoneenjoyed theafternoonimmensely Choir, We'arenowpractisingforMidnightMass.

FortnightlyDance.

Evenifthestrikeisstillon,our fortnightlydancewillbeheldon Saturday,November23,

HIGHGATEHILLBRANCH.

GeneralMeeting.

Despite Blacknitconditons therewastheusualroll-upofthe girls.Lightwasnotsufficientto allowforgames,sotheevening wasspentaroundthepiano wewon'tsaysinging!

BasketBall.

Rumoursaregoingaroundofa basketballmatch,Y.C.W.versus N.C.G.M.Nowweunderstand whyDorothyCuttshasbeenin trainingforthelastfortnight. Concert.

Preparitionsarewellunderway foraChristmasconcert.We wouldlikeallboysandgirlswith asparkoftalenttorollupon Tuesdaynight, Membersofthisbranchwould liketoexpresstheirdepestsympathytoMargaretMcDowelland family,intheirrecenttragicbe. reavement.R.I.P.

Oddfellows'Hotel

SOUTHTERRACE,FREMANTLE BESTBRANDSSTOCKED.

NewlyFurnishedThroughout. ALLWELCOME.

J.G.MULCAHY,Proprietor.

S.BEECROFT,Butcher

181RokebyRoad,Subiaco.

OnlyPrimeFreshKilledMeatSold Phone:W1373.

Phone13. Box124.

AustraliaHotel

Therewillberehearsalsthis Sundaynight.Ifthereareno lights,thenbringYourowncandles,lamps,etc.

VICTORIAPARKBRANCH.

SocialNotes.

Ourweeklygameseveningsand boxingandgym.nightsonWednesdaysandFridayshavehadto becancelledlatelyowingtothe lightingrestriction,buttheywill beonagainthefirstWednesday andFridaythelightsareright,so makeapointofbeingthere. Thereisarumourofariver tripcomingoffsoon.Sowatch thesenotesforfurtherdetailsin thenearfuture.

Cricket.

Withover20playersatpracticeeachSundaymorning,our selectorshavehadabigjobbeforethemtryingtopickthe11 bestplayerstorepresentusinour firstcompetitivematchagainst Midland,atMidland,thisSunday. Wehopethosewhohavebeen chosenwillupholdtheconfidence

OnSunday,November24,rehearsalswillbeasusual.Ifthe strikeisoverandwehavelights wewillstart'afterDevotions;but iftherearenolights,bringyour own,andwewillstartphearsals at8p.m. GeneralMeeting.

Thenextbranchmeetingwill beheldonMonday,November25, at8p.m.,intheParishHall,providingwehavelights.

COTTESLOEBRANCH.

BranchMeeting.

Abranchmeetingwillbeheld onSunday,November24.We wantyoualltocomealong,even ifthestrikeisstillinprogress,as therearequiteafewimportant matterstobediscussedSeeyou 8p.m.Sundaynight.

FREMANTLEBRANCH,

RiverTrip.

Thesenightseverythingisin darkness.Stillthelightswillbe onagainalloverFremantleby December16;butwhowillworry aboutlightsonarivertrip,anyway.HaveyoueverseenPoint Walterbymoonlight? ChristmasParty.

Ourmeetingsinfuturewillhe heldonalternateTuesdays,corn mencingafterpowerrestrictions

C.T.A.

FranciscanMissionariesofMaryDoaGreatJob

CareofLepersatPalmIslandandFantome

ByFATHERAQUINAS HOWELL,oy.m.

Aboutfiftymilesnorthfrom Townsville,andouttowardsthe GreatBarrierReef,liesthePalm Groupofislands:andthereset inthetropicalAustralianseas, theFranciscanMissionariesof Maryhavetwocommunities,one onGreatPalmIsland,thelargest aborignalsettlementinAustralia, wheretheSistersconducta.MissionschoolatCasementBay:the otheronFantomeIsland.where theSistersservetheleperswho areisolatedthere.Itwillbethe rainsofthissameFranciscanOrderwhowilljoinourAustralian FriarsinCentralNewGuinea whenFatherIgnatiusandhis companionshavepreparedthe wayforthem.Thewonderful workbeingdonebythesetwo communitiesaugurswellforthe successoftheAustralianFranciscanventureinNewGuinea.

OnPalmIsland,fivenunslive intheirtinyconvent.ofSt.Mary, andteachaboutonehundrednativechildrenintheMission School.ThesuccessoftheSistersiswinessedbythefactthat thislittleschoolwonmostofthe prizesintheartsandcraftssectionofthefirstPalmIslandExhibitionheldrecently.Thisis certainlyafeatherinthecapsof theSistersunderwhosecarethe childrenarebeingtaught.The FranciscanMissionariesofMary haveatraditionthatforbidsthe useofcaneorstrap.Thishas

madetheir'taskonPalmIsland onerequiringinfinitepatience andcharity,tosaynothingof heroicobedience.Thenative childrenareaccustomedtobeing beatenforanydisobedience,and likemostprimitivepeople,they lookonanykindnessasmere veaknessinthemselvesorothers, andactaccordingly.Nevertheless.afternearlytwoyears,they arerespondingtotheSisters'consistentkindness,anddisciplineis beginningtobeobservedwillinglyandcheerfullyinsteadof throughfearandcompulsion.But theprocessofachievingthisgratifyingresultcausedthegoodMissionariesmuchmisgivingand manyaheartache.II4wever,the humanheartwasmadeforlove, andwillintheendalwaysrespondtolove,asthesechildren ofthewildernessaredemonstrating Thechildrenfindtheirgreatest pleasureintwogreatsourcessinging-'andasbefitsanisland people-theseaandboats.They singallthetime,andarenatural harmonists,afact,whichatfirst causedtheSistersmuchamazementwhentheyheardthehymns oftheliturgybeingharmonised spontaneously,AlsotheSisters saythatif,inschool,aboyor girlhasbeenveryquietforan unusuallengthoftime,andappearstobeengrossedinsome schooltask,youcanbeverysure thatsuchaoneisengagedinsurreptitiouslydrawingaboat.Later on,ofcourse.thesegreatplea-

sureswillbesurpassed,butnot destroyedbyanotherlove,that oftobacco,or''mungi"asthey callitintheirlanguage;bqtfor themoment,boatsandsinging areintheascendancy.Itisen inspirationtohearthesedusky littlecherubs(forsuchtheyappear)singinginschool,orinthe MissionChurchatSundayMass; butletusleavethemamongthe coconutpalms,andbesidethe coralofCasement'Bay,whilewe crossafewmilesofseatotheSistersonPantameIsland.andtheir blackleperpatients.

Herejustoffthebeach,made notofsandbutofbrokencoral, istheConventofMaryImmaculate,thehospital,alsothehalfconstructedchurchandpriest's house,whichareallbeingbuiltby FatherMcDermott,MS.C..and hismissionboys.Here,cutoff fromthe(worldexceptforthebiweeklyboatcomingwithsupplies fromPalmIsland,theSistersdevotethemselvestotheserviceof theirafflictedbrethreninChrist.

Amorehappyandcontentedcommunitycouldnotbefoundinthe world,andinthe"cool"season whenthecommunitytakesits eveningrecreationbylantern lightunderthebigtreeonthe edgeofthecoral,thesoundof Franciscangaietydrownsthe eerieofthecurlews,andsends themfleeingindisgusttowail ontheothersideoftheisland.

Theseventytoeightyleperson FantomeIslandaregratefulto their"Mothers"whonursethem,

HisHolinessthePopeInterviewed

HadVisaReady.

"AMostImpressiveFigure"

InanintimatepersonalstudygreatmenofEuropeandoneof ofHisHolinessPopePiusXII.,themostimpressivefiguresofour whichappearsinarecentissueoftime." the'SaturdayEveningPost"it isdeclared'tobe"nosecretthat Piusisinfavouroftheclosest possiblecontactbetweentheHoly SeeandtheAmericanpeople."

"TheUnitedStates'25,000,000 Catholicsarethoughtof,onVaticanHill,asthemostactive,most generous,mostsolidandmostinfluentialbodyofCatholicopinion intheentireworld,"writesErnest0.Hauser,oneofthe'Post' editors,inhisarticle,whichpresentsthePopeas"oneofthe

PopePiusXII.,"astatesman onthethroneofSaintPeter,"has madeitclear"thatheconsiders himselfachampionofWestern civilisation"inthestruggleoftwo supranationalforces-theChurch andtheCommunistParty-for supremacyoverthesoulsofman," writesMr.Hauser, TheIronOortain.

"Already,underPius'leadership,"heasserts,"TheCatholic Churchhasemergedasthemost 'successfulforceinpoliticsthis sideoftheironcurtain:inFrance, Italy,Holland,BelgiumandBavaria,Catholicmovementsareestablishedasthelargest,mostinfluentialparties.Ifitistrue thatStalinoncesneered,'The Pope-howmanydivisionshashe got?'hereistheanswer.

"Politics,itistrue,donotinteresttheVaticanaspolitics; theyinteresttheVaticanonly whentheytouchtheAltar.'But inthewordsofPius,thealtartodayisthreatenedby'thespirit ofstateabsolutismwhichclaims foritselfallthecontrolsofthe politicalsocialandeconomicmachine,ofwhichmen,livingbeings, madetoGod'slikeness would beonlythesoullesswheels'."

-L1482

M1158-

MEAD,SON&CO.

ThroughthenominationofCardinalsfromallcontinents,reducing,atthesametime,theItalian Cardinalstoaminorityinthe SacredCollege,thePopehas"regroupedhisforcesalongaworldwidefront"in"carefullyplanning thegrandstrategyoftheChurch inanticipationofwhateverspiritualtroublesmaylieahead,"the "Post"articledeclares.

InreviewingtheHolyFather's life,Mr.Hauserrelatesthefollowinganecdote,whichpurportsto showthatCardinalPacellinever expectedtoascendtothePapacy.

dresstheirmanywounds,and evenextracttheirteeth,Asthe Sistershavebeenplacedbythe QuenstandGovernmentinfull chaigeofthelazaret,anditsadministration,theyalsoattendto alltheirotherneeds.OneSisterisinchargeofthestore,and issuesallrationsoffood,clothing, tobacco,andotherrequirements withatrulyFranciscanliberality.TheSistersalsohavea schoolfortheleperchildren, OtherSistersattendthehospital, andthetwo"dressingstations" for"walkingcases"amongthepatients.Infact,ineverysense, materialandspiritual,theyare truly"mothers"totheirbeloved lepers.

Thewok,ofcourse,isnot withoutitsdifficultiesanditsdangers,whichwoulddauntlesscourageoussouls,oreventhoseof courage,butoftheworldlytype ofcourage.TheSistersarenot dismayedbytherottingbodies theysolovinglytend,butthey aredismayedwhenbodyandsoul rottogether,assometimeshappens.Asonemightexpectin suchaplaceasFontomeIsland, wherethepeoplehavenothingto lookforwardtobutfewyears oflivingdeath,thedevilisnot inactive;thebodilydiseaseof theirpatientsisnotthereforethe greatestoftheSisters'difficulties butrather,thespiritualillsofthe lepersarebyfarthegreatestproblem.Thismostimportantside totheworkisbesetwithitsown peculiardifficultieswhichcannot bediscussedhere;butitisbeing zealouslycaredforbytheMissionariesoftheSacredHeart,and theboundlesscharityandzealof theFathersandSistersmust needsovercomeallobstacles.The

"Thenightbeforetheconclave whichconvenedinRomeupon thedeathofPiusXI.,anItalian newspapermancalledonCardinal Pacelli(thenSecretaryofState) inhisVaticanapartment-he wantedtojotdownafewbiographicaldataforpublicationin caseofPacelli'selection.

"Notachance,"theCardinal saidcheerfully."Butthenew Pope,whoeverhebe,islikelyto appointanewSecretaryofState. Ononesuchoccasion,Iamtold, theoldSecretaryofStatewas giventhreedaystovacatethis apartment.Look.Hetookthe visitoraroundtheflat-everythingwaspacked."Andyour plans?"thereporterinquired.

"Switzerland-arealvacation." Totheincredulousreporterheexhibitedhispassport,properly visaed,readyforimmediate use.

"Themanpointedaprophetic Papal)apartmentonthetopfloor oftheeastwing."Ithink,"he said,'yourSwitzerlandisup there,Eminence."

PapalHobby.

Thearticlerevealsthat"dictionariesaretheonethingthat mightbecalledthePope's hobby,"ThePopeissaidtoinsistonreadingproofsofhisown speechesandpronounceinentsbeforetheyarepublishedin"OsservatoreRomano,"andoftensendingthegalleysbackwithcorrectionswhichsurprisethetrained editorsoftheVaticandaily.

1)A healthyseptuagelnarian," thearticdeconcludes."Piusis lookingaheadwitheven-temperedconfidencetothenextcrisisin whichtheRomanChurchmay finditself,trustingthatitwill weatherfuturetempestsasithas weatheredstormsinthepast.

"Assupremeruleroveranorganisationwhichforthelast2,000 yearshashelpedtomouldour civithation,PiusMIrealisesthat theChurchcannotaffordtolose initiative;inspiritualwarfare,as inmechanisedwarfare,defensive actionneverwinsafight"

FranciscanMissionariesofMary undoubtedlydoGod's;work,but evenmoreimportanttheydoit God'sway,thatisthroughChrist, inChrist,andwithChrist; throughChrist,Whomerited eternallifeforallblackorwhits, leperorclean;inChrist,Whom theyserveinthejrsonsoftheir leperpatients,andwiththecharityofChrist,Whodrawsallmen toHimselfbyHisDivinelovefor Hisfallencreatures,man.Thisis thelovethatshineslikeabeacon througheverythingtheSistersdo fortheirsorelystrickenfellow FantomeIslanders,andfortheir deserving,brethrenonPalm.

Stunner&Son (LateHallion's) BAKERS

90JOHNSTREET,N.FREMANTLE.

L2739.PrizeWinnersRoyalShow DeliveriesThroughoutFremantle.

ELLIOTT ELLIOTT OPTICIANS

PiccadillyArcade

Perth Tel.B7988

butfeelyoushouldhave something-aglossof PENGUINSTOUTwillsatisfyyourneedsinno uncertainmanner-aidingsleepandbuilding health ForPENGUIN STOUTisaTonic,effectiveseasonafterseason, aboontoInvalids-a standbywhenfeelingoff colour.

TheRailwayStrike

Therailwaystrikewhichhaslargelybroughtthe economicactivityoftheStatetoastoppage,hasbeen viewedfromalmosteveryangleexceptthatofmoralprinciples.Catholictheologyisveryclearandexplicitasto theconditionsnecessaryforthemoraljustificationofa strike,butinthismatter,asinthatofajustwar,the governingprinciplesarenotinfrequentlyverydifficultof application.inagiveninstance.Thechiefreasonfor thisisnottheChurch'sfearofcommittingherselfthereby courtingsectionalunpopularity)buttheextremedifficulty inmoderntimesofknowingandassessingallthefacts. Wherethemonopolisticnewspaperis,fortheaverage man,theprincipalsourceofintelligence,thereisalways thehazardofreceivingpropagandaasnews.whilethe techniqueofsuppressiontendstokeepjudgmentsconservativeiftheycanbeformulatedatall.Inthesecircumstancesitisnotoftenpossibletomakejudgmentsof moralcertainty,butitispossibleandperhapsdesirable totakeageneralmoralconspectusoftheissueatstake.

TheinitialquestiontodecideiswhethertheenginedriversintheirworkwiththeGarrottengineshaveenduredintolerableorintenselyvexatiousconditionsremediableinnootherwaybutbydirectaction.InthismatteritiscertainthattheirdissatisfactionwiththeA.S.G. isnotanewdevelopment,thattheGarrattengineswere foundsounsatisfactoryinanotherStatethattheywere removedfromtraffic,andthattheRoyalCommissioner's reportdidsuggestsubstantialalterationsamountingtoreconstructionofthemachine.Ithasbeenassertedonthe highestlevelthatthereismorethanGarrettenginesin thisdispute.Evenifthisiscorrect,andevenifitindicatesdirectCommunistinspirationofthelocodrivers' Unionexecutive,theircasesnotnecessarilyinvalidated thereby.ItispossiblethatMarxistscouldprecipitatea strikeforwhicheverymoraljustificationcouldheshown.

Ifitisgrantedthattheengine-drivers'complaintis asstated,andhassubstance,ityetremainstobeshown thatnoothermeans.ofconciliationwasleftuntried.In thepressreportsoftheUnion'sdealingswiththeArbitrationCourtitwouldseemthattherehasbeenaseriouslack ofstraight-forwardnessonthepartoftheUnionexecutive,eventotheextentofduplicityanddouble-deoling.It isnot,however,reasonabletosupposethatallmembers,or evenasubstantialnumberofunionists,wereprivytothese tactics,anditwouldhelptoallaypublicconcernandgreatlystrengthentheUnion'scaseifasecretballotofronk andfilemembersrevealedsupportofdirectaction.In thisconnection,moreover,itiswelltorememberthat whiletheArbitrationCourtmaybethelastwordinconciliationinlaw,itisnotnect.-;sarilysoinmorals.Itsdecisionsarenotofsuchweightinconsciencethatworking menaredeniedtherightconscientiouslytorejectitsfindingsandtoexercisetheirnaturalrighttoceasework.It isregrettablethattheyshoulddosowithoutgravereason,butitispossiblethattheymightdosoonoccasion withmoraljustification.

Itiscustomaryamongmenwhohaveconsistently thwartedthedemandsofsocialjusticetodemandtheobservanceofindustriallawasifitwerethevoiceofGod. Butthereisnodenyingthatamongworkersofmoderate politicalviewsthereisincreasingdissatisfactionwithArbitrationmethods,andtheFederalGovernmenthasbeen ledintopromisesofredesigningtheCourts.Asimilar criticismmaybemadeoftheapplicationofindustriallaw bymembersofthelegalprofessionasmaybemadeofthe investigationoftechnicalindustrialdisputes.byaJudgeof theSupremeCourt.Itisnotaquestionoftheircompetencyinlaw,butoftheirabilitytojudgetheinneraspects ofconditionsoflifeutterlyremotefromandinexperienced bythem.So,whiletheGovernmentistobepraisedfor itsproposaltobringanindependentengineerfromthe EasternStatectoconsultontheGarrattengines,itmight beaskedwhysuchamanwasnotbroughtinthefirstinstance.Forwhiletheworkermustseekallmeansof conciliationindisputes,thisisnottantamounttocounsellingeternalpatience.

Anotheraspectofthemoraljudgmentofthestrikeis whetherthestrikershaveareasonoblechanceofsuccess. Inthisinstanceitwouldseemtheyhavenot.Rightly orwrongly,theyhavealienatedthesympathiesofthe StateLabourGovernment,oftheA.L.P.,andofunions fromwhichsympatheticactionmighthavebeenexpected. ThehostilityofthePressisnotanoteworthyfeature,as itssympathyhasneverlaininthedirectionoftheworkingclass.Butitwouldseemthatiftheworkersfailin theirstrikeobjectivenolittleshareoftheblamemaybe laidatthedoorofcertainhighexecutivemembersofthe Union,,whoseirresponsiblestatementsandwhosepooradvocacyofthecase,evenallowingforabadpress,have

donemuchtodampenpopularsupportforthestrikers.A certaintestofthebonafidesofthoseofficialscouldbe madebytheholdingofasecretballotamongrankandfilemembers,whowouldalmost,certainlyacceptthereasonabletermsofsettlementproposedbytheGovernment. Thesuccessofthestrikewillultimatelybeamatterof finance,anditisdifficulttoseehowtheUnioncanhope forapropitiousfinale.

Christianmoralitymakesafurtherdemandforthe validityofastrike,andthatisthatthebenefitsultimately gainedbysuchactionmustoutweighthetemporaryhardshipsincidentaltoitsconduct.Thisisalwaysamatter ofexcessivedifficultytodetermine,butthenatureofthe presentstrike,whichcausesAlmosttotaldislocationofthe State'sindustrialandproductivelife,togetherwithlargescaleunemployment,wouldneedtoshowverysubstantial benefitsinthelongrun.Manystrikesarepurelylocalisedintheireffects,andthestrikersarethemainsufferers. Suchapositionisclearlyeasiertodefendmorallythan thepresentstateofaffairs.

Thereremainstheall-importantquestionofwhetherit ispossibletoendthepresentdeadlockwithouteitherparty makingacompletecapitulation.Inbrief,whatisneeded isaface-saverfortheUnion.Nowinthewholedispute noonehascomeforwardwiththeclaimthattheGarratt isamodeloflocomotiveperfection.TheRoyalCommissioner'sreportandtheGovernment'srecentproposals indicatethatradicalchangesarenecessaryintheconstructionoftheseengines.Thisistantamounttoanadmissionthattheiroriginalpurchasewasamajorerrorofjudgmentonsomebody'spart,andashamefulwastageofpublicmoney.ThePresshasnot'seenfittouncoverthe individualresponsible,butiftheywerebroughtintothe glareofpublicityitwouldbenomorethanthepublichas arighttodemand,anditwouldtendtoendorsethejudgmentoftheengine-driversintheirmajorcontention.Given thisstateofaffairswhichwouldinvolvenoinjusticeto anyone,theUnionmightbepreparedtocallitaday,and gobacktoworkontheGovernment'sliberalterms.

VictorianParishPriest DiesinPerth

LateFatherJohnGavan

Withverygreatsorrowwe chroniclethedeathofthelate Rev.FatherJohnGavanwhich occurredatSt.JohnofGod'sHospital,Subiaco,lastweek.

hislips.Hewasmostpatientin hisillnessandmostgratefulfor anyservicerenderedhim.The TheHospitalChaplainadminister. edthelastrites.

St.Joseph'sGirls'Orphanage

St.Vincent'sFoundlingHose STATION03TRIST,WEN:BLIT.

TheSistersofMercyofSt.Joeeph'sGirls'OrphanageandBt. Vincent's'FoundlingHome,Station-street,Wembley,areholdln(theirannualGIFTDAYonSUNDAY,NOVEMBER24,at3p.m. Thefunctionwilltakeplacein thegroundsoftheInstitutions, andvisitorswillhaveanoppor- tunityofinspectingtheHomes, whichareopentothepublicon thisday, Manschangeshavebeenmade inthe sincebuildingsandgrounds theOrphanagewasfirst givenintothecareoftheSisters ofMercyin1872.Inthatrest itbecameaBOYS'Orphanage,and soremaineduntil1900,whenthe orphanedCatholicboysbecause thechargeoftheChristianBrothers.Theorphangirlswere caredforattheOrphanage,VictoriaSquare,Perth,from1867to 1900.Intheyear1901theycame toliveintheirpresentbeautiful Home,St.Joseph'sOrphanage, Wembley.

AsthepopulationofWestern Australiaincreasedmoreand morecallsweremadeonthecharityoftheSisters,untilatpresent morethanthreehundredchildren areaccommodatedattheInstitutions.Asdayfollowsdaymany childrenareadmitted,buta greatnumberhavetobeturned away.Duringthewaryearsit hasbeenimpossibletogiveattentiontoalltherepairsandalterationswhichnaturallyariseina householdofthissize.Assuppliesandlabourbecomeavailable inthefuturetheSistersarehopingtobeabletoundertakethem toaidsomeofthemanyneedy childrenwhoapplytothemfor coreandsustenanceinthehelplessnessofinfancyandchldhood.

OnthisannualAPPEALDAY, whichhasbeentheonlypublic appealmadeannuallyformany years,YOUwillbeabletodo yoursharetogivesomelittlegirl theloveandhomethatevery childisentitledto,andwhichfor manychildrenistobefoundonly withintheshelteringwallsofour CatholicOrphanagesandChildren'sHomes.

TheSistersextendacordialinvitationtoalltobepresenton Sunday,November24.

BorninTipperary,Eire,in1878, hereceivedhisearlyeducationat hislocalNationalSchool,later proceedingtoThurlesSeminary. v:herehecompletedhistheologicalstudiesforthePriesthood.

OncomingtoAustraliaabout 40yearsago,hewasattachedto theDioceseofSale,Victoria,.and formanyyearspasthehadbeen inchargeoftheParishofTrafalgar,

IlecametoPerthlastyearfor healthreasons,asinhisyounger dayshehadsustainedasevere kneeinjuryinafallinthesnow underhishorsewhileononeof hismissionaryjourneysinVictoria,andtheWestAustralian climatewasexpectedtorestore himtoperfecthealth.

WhileintheWestheactedas chaplaintoClontarfBoys'Town. Ilewasamostdevotedchaplain, kind,patient,approachableby all,andatalltimesdeeplyinterestedinalltheactivitiesatClontarf,andarealgenuinefriendto eachboy.Hegaveamostedifyingexampleasagood,virtuous Priest,hisoutstandingcharacteristicsbeingzeal.patienceand charity.

lietookillonOctober24,and wastakentoSt.JohnofGod's Hospital,Subiaco,withpleurisy. Withthebestmedicalattention heappearedtomakegoodprogresstorecovery.OnNovember 12hewasforcedbacktobed againwitharelapse.Hisheart wasunequaltothestrainimpos. edbyanewattack,andhedied at3.40a.m.onThursday,November14,inthepresenceoftwo Sistersand.twoBrothersfrom Clontarf.Tothelastheretained fulluseofhisfaculties,andwas abletojoinintheprayersforthe departingsoul.HeheldhisRosarybeadsinhishandsandIre. quentaypressedtheCrucifixto

TheobsequiesinSt.Mary'sCathedralonFridaymorning,November15,wereattendedbyall themetropolitanclergy,whilethe SistersandBrotherswerewellrepresented.Thechildrenofthe Cathedralparishschoolswerealso present.AlltheboysofClontarf Town'weretheretoprayand showtheirgreatrespectfor,and gratitudeto,onewhohadbeena mostkindanddearfriendto them.

BoysfromSt.Patrick'sSchool andC.B.C,.Perth,formedaguard ofhonourattheCathedral,after theMass,whiletheClontarfboys paidasimilartributetothedeceasedattheCemetery.

TohisBishop,hisbrother priestsintheDioceseofSale,and tothelateFatherGavan'spar. irhioners,"TheRecord"offersits sincerecymplathy.

Cathedral Bazaar

iscriminations

660 " Ter21

AnotherIreneDunneSuccess

Perhapsthehighspotofthis film,arathersophisticatedcomedy,basedonarecentBroadway 'mccessbyRuthGordon,isthe sparklingperformanceofIrene Dunne,acharacterisationwhich certainlyaddsconsiderablezest toastoryoftenpallidanddated. InabriefarticlelastissueI touchedontheamazingversatil- ityofthisfineCatholicstar,and in"Over21"hercrisp,crackling performancestampsherasa comedienneofthehighestorder.

TheStory.

Briefly,tIs Itconcerns oneofNewYork'smostreputedlybrilliantpre-wareditorswho leavesaneditorialchairinceder tohelpwinthewar('andthe peace)intheroleof"GI."He ismiddle-aged,andhiseffortsto earnhiscommissionthehardway bycontinuousstudy,drill,etc., bringhimtothevergeofdementia.Histroublesarefurther complicatedbytheproblemof makeshiftlivingincamptowns, anditisonlybytheloyalco-oper- ationandsterlingeffortsofhis clever,sympatheticwife(Irene Dunne),whokeepsmanyworries,particularlyhisoldboss

(CharlesCoburn)fromhimthat hefinallygainshiscommission. Thefilmhasmanymomentsof hilarityheightenedimmeasurably bytheDunnetechniqueandthe workofAlexanderKnox,asthe harrassedandnotover-intelligent editor,whowantedtogethis knowledgeofwarfirst-hand.Perhapstheonlyjarringitemwas thesandwichingbetweenthe laughsoftheinevitableplatitudes onhowtosavetheworldand cureitsheadaches.Nearthe closeofthefilmKnoxhasalong orationtodelivertoacrowdof soldierspresumablyparalysedby itsgliteringgeneralities.Abrief referencetotheSermononthe Mountandtheadvisabilityof menandnationsmakinganattempttoembodyitsgloriouspreceptsintheirdailylife,was'a welcome,evenifsurprising,inclusion,byHollywood.Thefilm wasproducedanddirectedby SidneyBuchmanandCharles Vidor.Itwasthisteamthat gaveusthememorable''ASong toRemember."Inadifferent typeoffilmtheyhaveagainachievedarealsuccess,asthisis whatIconsiderthecomedy, "Over21,"tobe.

"ADVENTURE"

Ann:"Hullo,Jan!Youlook morerun-downthanthekitchen stairs."

Jan:"IguessIdo.Thiscensoredstrikecertainlydoesthings toyou.Ireallyhaveonlywalkedabouttwelvemilesto-day,and althoughIhaveonlyanother eighttodo,Ifindmyselflooking forwardtoitwithaboutasmuch joyfulanticipationaswoulda centipede'withcorns."

Ann:"Didyouhaveapleasant restinthecity"

Jan:"Well,Iwenttothepicturesandsaw"Adventure."I wouldnotconsiderthatavery pleasantorrestfulrespite,even thoughtwooldfavouritesof mine,GreerGarsonandClark Gablewereinit,"

Ann(ratherconcerned):"Do tellmeaboutit.Intheolddays B.C.(beforecandles'Inever missedanyoftheirfilms."Ithink itisimpossibleforGreertoappearinaflop."

Jan:"SodidI.Butwaittill yousee'Adventure.'Betterstill, letmetellyouabitaboutit.I wouldnotlikeyoutowasteyour moneyonit."

Ann:"Goahead-butpleasebe fait."

Jan:"I Clarkiscastas HarryPattersonarough-neck sailor,whohasthebrainsofa worm,thegentlemannersofa gorilla,andthesunny,open natureofacobra.Heisalways lookingfor'tomatoes'(pronouncedtorhymewithpotatoes), and-';

Ann:"Excuseme,Jan,butdid yousay'tomatoes'?Werehis parentsgreengrocers?"

Jan(slightyamazedatAnn's ignorance): "'Tomatoesare youngandattractivegirlsaccordingtotheculturalHarry.To continue.One'dayheiswalkingwithanothersailor'Mudge,' alongastreetinabigcity. 'Mudge''isweepingsilently,and whenaskedthereasonheconfidestoHarryheiscertaininthe knowledgethathehaslosthis soul.Astheyarepassingabig publiclibrary,Harry,alwayspractical,suggeststhey.entertherein andlookforsomebookwhich mightexplainsomethingabout lostsouls.Imightmentionthat uptothisstageinthefilmthere hadbeenalotofoffensivejestingaboutlosingone'ssoulwhich mademefeelatriflesick."

Ann:"WhendoesGreerGarson enterthefilm?"

Jan:"Now.Insidethelibrary theyfindEmily(GreerGerson.) Sheisalibrarianministeringthe

ArchbishopPrendiville PhotographedinDublin

needsofherflock-asturdygroup ofrisingoctogenariansand-" Ann:"SometimesIwonderif octogenariansaretheonlypeople isAmericawhoreadbooks."

Jan:"WillIcontinue?ClarkorHarrytobemorecorrectstartstoinsultEmilyinaloud voice,butinresponsetoher pleadingonbehalfoftheaforesaidflock,hedropshisvoiceto halfagale.Whiletheyareexchanginginsults,JoanBlonde]] entersthelibrary.Sheisa friendof-Emily'sand-" Ann:"HowisJoanlookingafter herlatestdivorce?"

Jan:"Ithoughtshelooked moreemaciatedthanemancipated."

AnnAnaminorecstasyofadmiration):"My!Youareawit! HasJoanmuchtodointhe film?"

Jan:"Shelaughsandcriesa gooddeal.Ithinksheisreally inthefilmtokissClarkwhen Emilyisn't.Aftermuchalternatebrawlingandhuggingad nauseam,withthethievingof seinepoultrybelongingtoEmily's neighbour'addedtoprovidevariety,EmilymarriesHarryat Reno.ThreedayslaterHarry, knowingthatheisasmuchattachedtothemarriagestateasa PolarbearistotheSahara,decideshemustgodowntothesea again-particularlytheSouthAmericanseas,whereanadvanced cropto'tomatoes'havebeenwiltingduringhisabsence.Atenderleave-takingfromEmilyis rathermarredbyherhurlingseveralstonesatherhusband."

Ann(whohaslovedaclean fightsince,duetothehousing situation,shehashadtolivewith hermother-in-law):"Didshehit him?"

Jan:"Howcouldshe?Hewas ascrookedasacorkscrew."

Ann:"Whathappenednext?"

Jan:"WenextseeEmilyina restaurantwithsomefriends.Suddenlyshefaints."

Ann:"Why?Wastherebutter onthetable" Jan(severely):"Don'tbe facetious.Youknowbutterisn't rationedintheStates."(Lowers hervoice):"Can'tyouguess?"

Ann:"'Oh,nowIknow.IforgotforamomentthatinallHollywoodfilmsmothers-to-be,marrie,'orotkerwise,mustfaintat leastoncesoastoconveyto audiencesthefactthattheyare onthebrinkofmaternity.What aboutHarry?"

Jan:"Hereturnsjustwhen Emilyistohaveherchild.Givingonetheimpressionthathe

TheArchbishopofPerth,MostRev.Dr.R.Prendiville,photographedattheConventoftheHolyFaith,St.Mary'sRoad,Dublin,aftertheFirstCommunionceremonyforMaryDignan, daughterofHisExcellencyW.J.Dignan,theAustralianHigh Commissioner.Mr.andMrs.Dignanandtheirthreeotherchildrenwereattheceremony.

BOARDANDRESIDENCE.

YoungmanrequiresBoardand Residence,Kalgoorlie,preferably withprivatefamily.Particulars toJ.0.M.."Record"Office,Haystreet,Perth.

TOLET.

Wantedtorent,byCatholic family,arrivingfromIndiaFebruary,1947,FurnishedHouseor Self-ContainedFlat,PleasereplywithparticularstoBoxW.B., thisoffice.

hasneverheardofbabies,hegoes roaringaroundthehouse.The babyisbornnotbreathing,and thedoctorisabouttoabandon hopeforthechild'sexistence whenthevibrationsofHarry's bellowingscausethelittlefellow tobeginbreathing.Thelast sceneshowsHarryandEmily united(atleasttemporarily!) andmakingeyesateachother likeapairofteen-ners:Coo!"

Ann:"Yousoundatriflecynical,Jan.StillIagreethepicturedoesn'tsoundtoogood."

Jan:"IgetmadwhenIsee suchthingsascourtship,marriage,theimmortalityofthesoul treatedinsuchaflippantand stupidmanner.Itisalsodishearteningtoseethetalentsof bothGreerGarsonandClark Gable-andbelievemetheyare bothtalentedandlikeablepersonalitiesaspreviousscreenpel-formanceshaveproved-wastedin whatIconsiderthesillieststory thateverhitthescreen.Inmy humbleopinion,'Adventure' is thebiggestflopinmanyyears."

Ann:"Thanksalotforourlittlechat,Jan.IcanseeMrs. Higginsbothamdrivingdownthe street.Ihopeshehasforgiven meforlaughingoutrghtather thelasttimewemet,andwill givemealift."

Jan:"Whathappened?" 'Ann:"Shethoughtthe'Songof Bernadette'wasamusical.Oh, dear.Imustbeserious.So long,"

-"GROUCH°"

44INMEMORIAM014

BUSWELL.-Inlovingmemory ofBrianLeonard,Sgt.Mot, RA.AF..whodiedatBirmingham,England,November21, 1943,belovedsecondsonofMr. andMrs.A.J.Buswell,loved brotherofJack,Mary,Cecelia, Patricia,Joe,andMargaret,brother-in-lawofMarge,Ronand Bill.R.I.P. CLOHESSY.-Ofyourcharity, prayforthereposeofthesoul ofNorahAgnesClohessy,who diedNovember22,1939. OurLadyofPerpetualSuccour, prayforher.

GALVIN.-Ofyourcharity,pray forthereposeofthesoulsof MaryAnnGalvinandGeorge JosephGalvinwhodiedonOctober27,1943,andNovember 27,1936,respectivey. SacredHpartofJesus,have mercyonthem.

FLANAGAN.-Ofyourcharity, prayforthehappyreposeof thesoulofRev.ThomasFlanagan,whodiedNovember20, 1941,atCottesloe. SacredHeartofJesus,have mercyonhissoul.

WIN.11014306,11.31.306,30136306.116WW11

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PolandHasLostFaithinWest

(ContinuedfromFrontCover,) Mikolajczyk,thenPolishPrime MinisterinLondon."Thismust besettledhereandnow!"Churchillexclaimed,demandingthatthe PolishleaderagreetothePolish partitionandtheotherhumiliatingtermswhichweresubsequentlynaileddowninYaltawithout consultingthePoles.Mikolajczyk, efcourse,refused.

Accordingtoeyewitnesses,whose accountsaresupportedbythe transcriptwhichIhaveread,the scenewasaduplicateoftheone inwhichHitlerhadhurledhis ultimatumatSchuschnigg.prior totheoccupationofAustria.The PolishPremieransweredthe shoutedthreatsandinsultsofthe BritishPremiercalmly,sadly.He explainedthathehadnopower tobartertherightsofhiscountry. -1amnotgoingtosign adeathverdictonmyself,"he said."Icanonlyprotest,"were hislastwords.

TheattempttostranglePoland withPolishhandsthusfailed.The strangulationwascarriedthrough subsequartlyatYalta.Forits consistentfaithandincalculable sacrifices,Polandwaspaidoffby beingconsignedtoatotalitarian orbit;thecenturiesinwhichit hadstruggledtodefendWestern civilisation,tomakeitselfpartof thatcivilisation,werecancelled out.Poland'sterritorywas slashed,itssovereigntyinsulted, itsself-respecttroddenunderfoot. ThoseNaziposterswhichPoles haddiedtodestroyweregivena semblanceofveracitybythevery leaderswhohaddraftedtheAtlanticCharter.

Now,perhaps,youbegintounderstandwhyPolescanbefar morebitter,moreheartsick,about BritainandAmericathanabout Russia.

Letmesayitbluntly,forthere isnopolitewayofsayingit,The Westerndemocraciescannotshift theblametoRussia.Thegreat wordswithwhichwewerefooled wereBritishandAmericanwords. True,itisnotthefirsttimeinhistorythatselfish-mindedWesternersplayedatrickonthePoles. ButIdoubtwhethermanyPoles willeveragainbecaughtquiteso easily.Thedemonstrationthat onlymightmakesrighthasbeen impressedonthePolesasnever before.Thatisyourachievement,gentlemenoftheWest.I foroneshallnotbesurprisedif inanyfutureconflictbetween WestandEast,thebulkofthe PolishnationsideswithRussia andservesasaspearheadofRussianadvance,afanaticandpassionateinstrumentofhistory's vengeanceforacold,calculating sellout.

Ishan'tlikeit,becauseIamof 'heWest,bodyandsoul.ButI shallunderstandit.Norwillyou, nowsoreadytoforget,soeager closetheaccountandgoto bed,beabletoblameadeeply frustratedpeopleiftheyshuttheir eyesandtheirheartswhenanotherchoicemustbemade.EspeciallyifRussiashouldprove morereasonable,lessbrutal,more understandingandgenerous,not tosayintelligent,thanexpected.

PopeAddressesPolicemen

"Thefunctionofthepoliceis tohelpcitizensanddefendthem againstcriminalsanddisturbers ofthepeace.Neverthelessthe keepingoforderanddiscipline, withoutwhichthereisnotrue liberty,doesnotalwaysfindfavourwiththepeople,"saidthe Poperecentlyto2,000traineesfor theItalianpolice.

ThePope'sMessageto CatholicPress

DenouncesFalsePrinciplesandEvilPractices DangersofPoliticalCankers. IntryingtofulfilhisresponsibilitytoGodandtheChurch,the Catholicjournalistfindshispath madedifficultbythosewhoare dissatisfiedunlessateveryturn hecanprovidearough-and-ready formula,andwhoareimpatient ofcarefulanalysis,particularlyof socialandeconomicquestions. Othersarecontenttohavethe theoryexpoundedbutareupsetif Christianteachingsaretooconcreteyapplied.

inthefollowinghandwritten lettertotheEditor-in-Chiefand staffoftheCatholicreview,"America,"theHolyFatherstresses againtheimportantpartwhich theCatholicPresshastoplayin ourtime:

"Duringthistragicperiodof worldhistory,inwhichaneverwiseandlovingProvidencehas castOurpontificate,Wehave usedmorethanoneoccasionto calltheattentionofstatesmen andleadersinthesocialandeconomicfieldtothecankersthat weakenthebodypoliticinitsnationalandinternationallife.

CatholicPresswillbringow teachingintothehome."

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ThecrimeofYaltawasfollowedbyaseriesofshockingcompromiseswithprinciplethatput outeverylastflickerofPolish trustintheWesternallies.SixteenheroicleadersofthePolish Undergroundwerekidnappedby RussiawithunwittingAnglo-Americanhelp.Forabriefmoment thedemocraticconscienceseemed touched:therewasaflare-upof theoldlight.Thenanotherompromisewasworkedout,thistime byHarryHopkins,anddarkness prevailed;thesixteen--and throughthemthewholeofthe Underground,thewholeofthe Polishpeople-wereabandonedto theuntendermerciesofthe Kremlin.

Yalta'spromised"broadening" oftheMoscow-madeCommitteeof PolishPatriots,laterconverted intotheinterimLublingovernment,turnedintolowfarce.The hand-tooledcommittee,regarded bythemajorityofPolishpeople asagentsofaforeignpower,was installedastherulingregime.The aimsofMoscowwerequiteclear. Here,asintheBalticnationspreviously,acontrolledgovernment wouldserveaspreludetoPoland's ultimateabsorptionintotheSovietUnion.NeitherStalin'smethodsnorpurposessurprisedus whohavelivedsoclosetohisdictatorship.

Whatdidsurpriseusandshock uswastheeaseandspeedwith whichourWesternallies,whohad solemnlypledgedtodefendhuman freedomeveninformerenemy countries.recognisedRussia'sinstrumentofexpansioninPoland. Here(wasexpediencyreducedto itslowest,mostcynicallevel.

Forthosewhobelievedindemocracy,whohadlookedupon BritainandAmericaasdefenders ofidealsoffreedom,theuglybusinesswasnotonlyapoliticaltragedybutaspiritualdisaster.Those ofuswhoconsideredourselves Westerners,championsofthe principlesembodiedintheAmericanandBritishsystems,feltour-elvesintellectuallyorphaned.We couldonlystareindisbeliefwhile thedemocraciesWest,likePilate, attemptedtowashitshandsof theaffair.

TheHolyFatherreceivedthe policemen,whowerefromthePoliceTechnicalSchool,intheHall ofBenedictions,andfirstofall badethemhavecourage,andremindedhishearersthattheirmain taskwaspreservingpublictranquillityandorder.

MissionofTrust,

"Thismissionoftrust,"saidthe Pope,"iseverworthyofesteem; muchmoresoinatimesuchas ours,whenitmustbeexercised amongincreasingagitation.However,despitethearduoustasksof youroffice,youwill,thankHeaven,findcomfortinthecharacterofthepeople,inwhosemidst you:willhavetocarryoutyour work.Notwithstandingtheblows towhichitisexpected,notwithstandingthemiseryanddelusions ofwhichitisthevictim,themajorityofthispeopleisevennow -providingitisguaranteedthe moreelementaryconditionsfor sustaininglife-filledwithgoodwillforthereconstructionofits country.

"InthemodernState,thecitizenhasbecomesubjecttosovereignty;hisrelationtothe State'spowersischanged,The functionofthepolice,therefore, istohelpthecitizensanddefend themagainstcriminalsanddisturbersofpublictranquillity. Whenyourofficeisexercised witharightaim,itis,inthebest senseoftheterm,aservicerenderedtoSociety.

"Fromthisitfollowsthatsuch anofficerequiresinhimwhofulfilsitanotablespiritualand moralenergy,"saidthePope.In concluding,thePopeemphasised thatthesenoblequalitiesmustbe basedonastrongandlivingfaith inGod,astheSupremeLordof individualsandsociety.Inthis way,theirdutiescouldbeelevatedtothedignityoftheservice ofGod.

"AStateabsolutismthatrecognisesnosuperiorlawobligingin conscienceondimposingevenon theStaterespectforeveryperson'snaturalrights;anexaggeratednationalismthatwouldclose itseyestotheunityofthehumanfamily,andthemoralnecessityofman'ssocialdevelopment reachingitsperfectioninaworldfamilycomprisingallfreeand sovereignpeoples;racialinjusticesthatoftenbrandtheguilty withasinakintofratricide;economicselfishness,whethernationalorindividual,thatmakes itimpossibleforanhonest,faithfurlworkingmantoprovideadecenthomeforhisfamily,tofill thathomewiththejoyandlaughterofchildrengrowingupand beingeducatedinhealthysurroundings,andtoensurehisfamily'sfutureagainstthemoreburdensomeeffectsofhardtimes, sicknessandoldage;theseare someofthefalseprinciplesend evilpracticeswhichdisruptliar-

TheCatholicPresswillbringOur teachingintothehome,intothe circlesoflabourandmanagement, andtotheknowledgeofthose whowriteandexecutethelaws oftheland.

"Someproblemspressingfor solUtionto-day,especiallyinthe socialandeconomicsphere,are delicateones,indeed;theycannotbesolvedprecipitately.But thegoodofsocietydemandsthat theybeNeedwithcandour,be discussedfranklythoughwith moderationandcharity,andthe solutionwhichisdictatedby rightreasonandChristianprinciplesbeacceptedwithresolute courage.

'"ACatholicreviewcarriesa greatrtsponsibilitytoGodand HisChurch.Itsjurgmenton moralquestions,whetherthey ariseinconductorinthewritten orspokenword,willbereceived, andrightly,asasureandsafe guide.Itishailedasaherald oftruth.Anditwillpresenttruth withprudenceandreserve,itis true,butalwaysinperfectfocus." fingerinthedirectionofthe

DearCornerites

To-dayIfeelliketalkingabout :hristmas.Perhapsyouwill thinkIamgettinginonthissubjectalittleearly,butafewmoments'reectionoughttobring mesufficientjustification.

Forinstance,lcouldremind vouthatChristmasDayisonly aboutfiveweeksaway,andthose fewweeksgiveuslittleenough timetoprepareforthehappiest seasonoftheyear.Onthepurelymaterialplanewehavelotsof thingstodo,suchaschoosing Christmasgifts,and,insome eases,despatchingthemover greatdistancestodearfriends whowillbesothrilledtoreceive evensomelittleevidenceofour affectionateremembrance.Post offices,youwillhavenoticed,alwaysdisplay"PostEarlyfor Xmas"noticeswellinadvanceof ChristmasDay.Bypostingearly wehelpthedistributionofthe heavyXmasmails.

Butpostingearlyhasotheradvantagesofmorevaluetouspersonally.ForonethingweensurethatourChristmaspresent arrivesbeforeChristmasDay, whichisimportant.Itisal,waysananti-climaxforapresent toarriveafterChristmasDay hasactuallypassed.Secondly, -andalthoughthisisratheranunworthymotiveitisaverypracticalone.whenwesendourpresentearlywejogthememoryof tlerecipientandincreasethepossibilityofgettingalittlereturn gift.Noneofusoughttolook forwardtoreceivingexpensive Christmaspresents,butwemay alllegitimatelyentertainthehope ofreceivingsomelittletokenfrom ourfriends.Thespiritofgive andtakeisatitsverybestat Christmas.

OnthespiritualsidewewelcomethebeautifulFeastof Christmaswithespecialjoyin ourhearts.TheseasonofAdvent.whichbeginssoon,marks thecommencementoftheNew YearintheChurch;andeverywherethereshouldbesuitable PreparationforafittingcelebrationofthebirthofChrist.Think joyfullyoftheChristmasthatis approachingrapidly,andresolve tomakeittheholiestandhappiestChristmasyou.haveever spent.--Sincerely, AUNTBESSY. --000--

WORDS-that

willneverbelorgotten!

QUESTIONS;" CTAnswers

ThisWeek'sQuestion:

WHYDOWESEE.ABLACK SPOTINTHESKYAFTER LOOKINGATTHESUN?

Answer

Theretina,orcurtain,orsensitiveplateatthebackoftheeye neverneedschanging.Youcan seeonepictureafteranother,day afterday,andyearafteryear. Butitispossibletoworkthis screentoohard;foritisaliving thing,anditisjust'becauseitis alivethatitisabletorecoveritselfand,sotospeak,makeitself freshagain,foreverynewpicture thatweseewithit.Aphotographicplate"sees,"aswemay say,becausecertainchemicalcompoundsthatareuponitare changedbythelight.Theretina oftheeye"sees"inthesameway, butbecauseitisaliveithasthe powerofmakingafreshfrommomenttomomenttheparticular kindofstuffthelightactson. Butifyoustarehardatany lightsointenseasthesunitself, then,atthatspotoftheretina wherethelightfalls,allthereservesupplyofthissensitivestuff itusedup;andnow,ifyouturn youreyesomewhereelse,that particularpartisuselessforthe themoment;itisblind,itsees nothing.'Butifitseesnothing, whereasalltheretinaroundit seeslight,thatgivesusthenotionthatweseeablackspotthatistosay,aspotfromwhich nolightcomes.Butinasecond ortwothiswonderfulliving screenrecovers,itself,-makesa freshsupplyofthestufflight actson,andtheblackspotdisappears.

-000--

Let'sHave APOEM LITTLERAINDROPS.

Oh,wheredoyoucometroin, Youlittledropsofrain, Pitter-patter,pitter-patter, Downthewindow-pane?

Theywon'tletmewalk, Theywon'tletmeplay. Andtheywon'tletmego Outofdoorsatallto-day.

Theyputawaymyplaythings, BecauseIbrokethemall Andthentheylockedupallmy bricks, Andtookawaymyball.

Hewasintheworld,andthe worldwasmadebyHim,andthe worldknewHimnot.

HecameuntoHisown,andHis ownreceivedHimnot. ButasmanyasreceivedHim, Hegavethempowertobemade thesonsofGod,tothemthatbelieveinHisName. - 10.12.

J.W.SHEEHAN

PRIMEBEEFBUTCHER

HANNANST.,KALGOORLIE MARITANASTREET

Tel.438. Tel.438.

GuydeFontgallant

TheAngeloftheEucharist

"WhenIgrowupI'mgoingto inventanewmodelofanaeroplane,andI'mgoinginittosee him,andI'llofferittohimtogo forridesinitovertheVatican."

"Him"was,ofcourse,thePope, thelatePiusXI.,andthegallant airmanwhowasgoingtoplace hismachineatthedisposalofthe HolyFatherwasalittleFrench boycalledGuydeFontgallant.

Guywasamodernboy;helovedenginesandtrainsandaeroplanes;hisfavouritetoywasMeccano,withwhichheusedtobuild wonderfulmodelsofsubmarines anddirigibles,andthelasttoy heeverboughtwasadynamo.

Butmorethanallhisgames andhobbies,morethanthebutterfliesanddragonflieswhichhe lovedtocollectathiscountry home,morethanhislittlebrotherMark,evenmorethanhis parentswhomhedearlyloved, GuylovedGod.Hedidn'tmake a.greatfussaboutit n' hewast alwaysrunningintochurches,but fromthetimethathecould speakhetalkedoftenabout"littleJesus,"andlongedwithallhis hearttobelikeHim.

Youmustn'tthinkofGuyasa goody-goodytypeofboy.He wasagay,high-spiritedladwho ledhisyoungerbrotherintoall kindsofmischiefandmadehis familyoftenwonder"whathe woulddonext."

Yet,nosoonerwashedeadat theageofeleventhanthestory ofhislifespreadalloverthe worldandthousandsoflettersbegantoarriveathisparents' house,tellingofprayersanswered andfavoursgrantedafterprayingtoGuy.Manybookshave beenwrittenabouthim,inmany languages,andto-dayinallparts oftheworldpeoplearepraying thatthePopemayonedayproclaimthelittleFrenchboya childsaint.

Whatisthereasonforthis?

WhatdidGuydoinhisshortlife tomakeaomanypeoplethink andwriteabouthimafterhis deathandtobeghishelpfor heminHeaven?

GuywasborninParisin1913, andfromtheverybeginningtook alivelyinterestineverything thatwentonaroundhim.When hewasthreeyearsoldhewas visitinghisgrandmother,andlike allbrightchildrenofthatage, wasgivingagooddealoftrouble.

"Guy,"shesaidatlast,"the littleJesusisintheheartsofgood hildren,butwhentheyarenoisy andmischievousHeleavestheir littleheartsandgoesaway."

"No,"wasthereply.

wearthem."

"Andwhynot?"

"Well,becausethey madeinHisday."

Tellme,littleraindrops, Isthatthewayyouplay, Pitter-patter,pitter-patter, Alltherainyday?

TheysayI'mverynaughty, But'I'venothingelsetodo, Butsithereatthewindow; Ishouldliketoplaywithyou.

Thelittleraindropscannotspeak, Butpitter-patterpat Means"wecanplayonthisside Whycan'tyouplayonthat?' Flue

"He weren't

"Mamma."Guysaid,coaxingly, "don'tmakemeweargloves.I wanttobelikethelittleJesus."

"Allverywell,"yousay,"but I'dliketogowithoutgloves,

Certainly.butwouldyoulike this?

OnewinternightGuy'smother, kissinghimgood-night,noticed thathishot-waterbottlewas stuffedawayatthefootofhis bed.

"Butwhy,Guy?You,whose feetarealwaysfrozen?"

"Well,Mamma,Iwasthinking thatlittleJesuscan'thavehada. nicehotwaterbottlelikeIhave whenHewasonthisearth.and so well,tobelikeHim,I pusheditawaydownthere."

OnanotheroccasionGtvwas givenmedicinetotakewhichhad averynastytaste.Weallknow thebestwaytotakesuchthings -asquicklyaspossible."Quick, quick,"urgedhismother,"hurry up1"ButGuycontinuedtotake thenastystuffsipbysip.When itwasallgone,hesaidsimply:

"But,Mamma,I'mmakingalittlesacrificeforJesus."

ThiswassomethingnewtoGuy, andheturneditoverinhisbaby mind.Thi.tnightheaskedhis motherifthelittleJesustoWhom heprayednightandmorning, WhowasinHeavenandinthat littlehouseinthechurches,this JesusWhocameundertheform ofalittlewhiteHostintobig people'shearts,wasHereally theninlittleGuy'sheart?When assuredbyhismotherthatJesus hadbeeninhisheartsincethe dayofhisbaptism,Guyjumped onthebedanddancedforjoy! Howmuchthechildofthree yearsoldalreadyknewabout God!God'sMother,too,hada placeinhisheart.Asaninfant hehadbeensolemnlyconsecratedtotheBlessedVirgin,andfor thefirstthreeyearsofhislife hadwornOurLady'scolours, blueandwhite.Hewasvery loyaltohisheavenly"Haman," andprotestedhotlywhenhis mothermadehimwearapairof yellowshoesOnlywhenhehad beentoldthatOurLudywould lovehimjustasmuch,didhe consenttoputthemon.Butthe firstwalkthathetookinthe hatedshoeshejumpedintoevery puddleandsplashedthemwell, tothegreatjoyofthebaby, Mark.

madeatineWestminsterclock withmyMeccano,andtomakeit togoItookthehandsfromthe clockinyourroom.Itwasquite asuccess.OnlyIthoughtthat whenyoucamebackyouwould notliketoseeyourclockwithout hands,soIjustputthere back.It'snotverygoodbehaviour,isit,tomeddlewith yourthings?"

'ButGuywassevennow,and, ashismotherdescribeshim,"tall forhisage,withafineforehead whichwassweptbyamassof brightauburnhair,andgreat eyeswhichmadehim looklikeanangel-whenhewas

His"GreatDay,"thedayofhis firstCommunion,wasdrawing near.Whenhewasfiveyears 0,1,hehadforthefirsttimebeets amongthechildrenwhostrewed flowersbeforetheBlessedSacrament'attheCorpusChristiprocession."Itislovelytoescort thegoodJesus,"hesaidthatday, "butIwouldlikestillmoretoreceiveHim,"andhisdesiregrew keenerasthetimeapproached. HepreparedforhisFirstCommunioninaverypracticalwaybymaking"littlesacrifices"which hecouldoffertoJesusonHis coming.Hekeptcountofthese sacrifices,andonthedaybefore hisFirstCommunionheadded themup.Therewereonehundredandeighteen.

Therewasnoneedtourgehim tothinkaboutthegreatevent. Hethoughtaboutnothingelse, andgenerouslywishedthathis friendsmightsharehishappiness."Askyourmothertosend you,likeme,tomakeyourFirst Communion,"hesaidtooneof themoneday."Insistonit.Tell herthatyouarelongingforlittle Jesus.Afterall,thePopehas orderedit,soyousimplymust!" Guyneverwaveredinhisloyalty totheHolyFather.

Thesearethethreeresolutions thathemadeattheendofthe RetreatwhichprecededhisFirst CommunionDay.

1.Tosaymyprayersevery morningandevening.

2.Nottoletadaypasswithout somemortificationforJesus'sake.

3.Totryhardtobelesslazy andtoworkhardertobeapriest someday.

Thegreatdayarrived:asunny Mayday.Guywasupa;five o'clock,raisingthehouseholdwith hisjoyfulvoice."'Mamma! Mamma!It'sto-day,it'sto-day, mygreatday!Dressmequickly!"Andsogreatwashishaste thattheyarrivedatthechurch beforethedoorswereopen.

Guyhatedlying.Whenhe wasdyinghesaid:"Ihavenever toldalie,"andnothingorno onecould'makehimsayanything thatwasnotabsolutelytrue.His candidsoulwouldnotevenallow himtokeepsilentwhensuchsil encewouldhavebeentohisadvantage.Hismother,findingher toosmallsonsplayingquietlyon herarrivalhomeoneday,praisedthemfortheirgoodbehaviour.

"It'snotgoodbehaviour,"Guy rlepliedallinonebreath,'twe

Themomentcamewhenhe wastoreceive"littleJesus" WhomhehadlongedforsoardentlyandtoWhomhewasgoingtotellallhishopesandplans forthatfuturewhichwastobe spentinHisservice.

(ToheContinued.)

Guyneverfilteredinhisfirm resolvetobelike"littleJesus" "Dearme"hesaidonedayashis nursewasputtinghisgloveson forhim,"didtheyworrylittle Jesuswithgloves"

didn't

Sir,-Oneofthechiefcausesof friction-quarrels,bickerings,etc. -betweenhumansisthefactthat theaveragemanandwomanwill notgetdowntotin-tacksinrespecttootherslinthesameway astheygethdowntotin-tacksin respecttothemselves).Ifthe "otherfellow"seemsanextraordinarysortofaman,restassureditisquiteanordinaryaffair; foraren'tweallextraordinaryfellows--toeverybodyelse?Baring theextraordinarypeople,theaveragemanandwomanis-justlike ourselves.But-anditisabig BUT-manisalsoanindividualist;wemaybe-andarelike eachotherinrespecttoourordinaryvitalneeds-foodclothing, etc.-butbeyondtheseourdesiresandasperationstakedifferentdirections.Howoftenwe hear:"Idon'tlikethat,Iprefer this,"or"Iwanttoread,""Iprefersomemusic"-accordingtothe moodwearein?And,maybe,"I'm goingtoseeso-and-soin'AsYou LikeIt'-"Ipreferso-and-soin 'All'sWellThatEndsWell'?" And,ocouldonegoon?The hard-boiledtruthisweareall dyed-in-the-wool individualists.

WhynotfaceitMostofusare fullyalivetothefactthatwe areallindividualists,buthow manyofusadmitit?Isitbecausewearenothonestenough? Ithinkso!WhereareweheadingforinAustralia?Doesanyoneknow,and,ifso,tellus where?Arewetoget-together, ordriftapart?OrifSocialism, inwhatform?Ofcoursewe cansocialisecertainthings,and do,becausetheyfitinwithour massedindividualrequirements; butwecannotsocialisetheunsocialisable!Letabetterpen thanmineexplainthings-draw usintoSaneStreet.Inhis"The AchievementofHappiness,"Boris Sokoloff,aRussianphilosopher anddoctor(M.D.,Sc.D.),laying stressupontheindividualismthat ispresentinNatureandinMan also,hasthistosay:

"Aprincipleofindividualisation reinsinnature;itishiddenin man,andmancanbehappyand contentedonlywhenhisindividualitycanmanifestitselfmost intensely.Thismeansthatthe mostsuccessfulgovernmentis thatinwhichpersonality,creative workandthemanifestationofin dividualityareleastcrushed.

Thisalsomeansthatthelessan individualfeelssubjecttoaeov ernment'spower,themoreherealii.esthatheisaliving,freepart ofthisgovernment,themore stronglyhefeelsthatitisnotthe governmentthatgovernshim,but thatheisself-governing-the moreperfectissuchagovern mentfromthepointofviewof man'shappiness.Butthereepistsalimitationtoindividual manifestationsfromthemoment whentheystarttoinfringeonthe interestsofanother,t fellow man''),and"everygovernment, everysociety,livesinaccordance withtheprinciplesguidingthe people,andwiththecountry's traditions."And,again,"Agovernmentisaconglomerationof livingbeings,movedbythoughts,

ideas,feelings,andthegovernmentitselfisnotaneconomically bound,soulless organism-machine."(Shouldn'tbe!)And,finally,thistit-bit:"TheIdealState cannotbebuiltwithoutfaithin man."

Thereitis-FaithinMan.

That'sbetterthanbeingatloggerheadsfaithineachothernotsuspiciousofeachother!But beforewecanhavefaithineither wemusthavefaithinourselves. Andinordertoachievethatfaithinourselves-wemustunderstandourselves.Man,know thyself!Itisanadvantageto knowwhereyouare.Emerson knewwherehewaswhenhesaid: "Theorderofthingsisasgoodas thecharacterofthepopulation permits."Manisborntobe free;borntobehappy.Read theAmericanDeclarationofIndependence!("Weholdthese truthstobeself-evident:thatall menarecreatedequal;thatthey areendowedbytheirCreator withcertainunalienablerights; thatamongtheseareLife,Liberty andthepursuitofhappiness."And ifheistrulyfreeheisin-abetterpositiontofindhappinessthereforebetterplacedtoco-operatewithhisfellows.Buthe canneitherbefreenorhappyin hisfreedomunlesshe(man) himselfsetsaboutputtinghis ownhouseinorder;forourpersonalityanddesirefor"creative work"needaninnerlight(itis withinusall,openthedoor!) inordertogainstrength,thereby enablingustobringtofruition tothefullestextentpossibleour individualpotentialities-somethingweallcravefor,isthat nottruenow?Eitherthrough sheerstupidity(ornastinessof spirit),ifwecrushtheotherfellowarewenotlikelytoendupin astateofstalemateourselves?

Yes!Andthegeneralmoralis: Allowotherstobreatheasfreely asweourselveswishtobreathe. Andwhenwebreathefreely,we experiencetruefreedom;andthat itturnleads-asanaturalsequence-totrueco-operation.Is notthiswaythebestwayto avoidbeing"crushed,"forisnot massedindividuals,applyingpressure,thatdoesthecrushing?

Thinkitover.Manisathis bestwithhisjacketoff;hecan nevergiveofhisbestina straight-jacket!"Democracyis theuniversityinwhichwelearn oneanother,"saidAnthony Eden."Itcanneverbethebarrackswhereblindobedienceis thefirstessential."Yes,"hear, hear"tothat.Andhe,Anthony Eden,insayingthat,knew-as allseriouslythinkingmenknowthatthereiswithinmananinner light(or,callitwhatyouwill), eventhoughitmayoccasionally he"brownedout"orsufferevena temporary"black-out,"isever readyttshineifgiventhatnecessaryfreedomwealltalkof,dream andlongfor.Andsotoconclude.Someoftheaboveis notthewriter's,butwhatmatters Thetruthabove all things!

Weareallunderamoralobligationtoupholdwhatistrue,

andtorejectwhatisfalse.And wehavenorighttoexpect(some "demand")100percent.ethical conductfromothersandnot budgeaninchourselves.Some peoplearenotevengoodpagans; pagansatleastthanktheground theystandon.Ofcourseitis acaseof"knownotwhatthey do"withsome,butthereare otherswhoknowverywellwhat theyaredoing-orfailtodot.theyknowwhentheydowrong; playthegame!"Talentsarebestowedbynatureimpartially,regardlessofthereceiverspedigree" -thisissomethingworthremembering.Makethebest-putto thebestuseyourowntalents; don'tbelazy-lazyminded; othersareonlyhumanlikeourselves-there'salimittohuman straininothers;don'tbealookeron!Youseekhappiness?

Andsodoothers.SaysOwen FrancisDudleyinhis"WillMen BeLikeGods?"--justafewextracts:"Thehappinessofonepersonisnotthehappinessofanother."And"WhatsortofhappinessshallIsecureforothers;and whatsortofhappinesswillothers secureforme?"Wecannotmake eachotherhappyinourownway. "Eachmancan,orcantryto, makehimselfhappyinhisown way;thatisall."WiththatI'll leavereaderswiththeirown thoughts.

Now,finally,ourforbearsknew that2and2made4;andeven thoughthroughsomehuman shortcomingssomeofthemmay nothavealwaysgotalltheirsums right,Ithinktheyknewtoa greaterdegreethanwedowhen, andhow.theymademistakes.We havelostourway,despitethe advantagesthatthemarchof timehasgivenus.(Lifecould belikenedtoalong-windingroad withmanyinterestingbranch-offs hereandthere.WasitDante whosaid:"Whentheworldwearies,andsocietydoesnotsatisfy, thereisalwaysthegarden."In ourmadheadlong-andoften headstrong-rushhere,there,and everywhere,howmanyofus pausebythewaytohavealook aroundtoseewhereweare?A (wisemansaid,"Itisbetterto heartherebukeofthewise,than tohearthesongoffools,"Andanother:"Amanwhofollowshis passionsisaslave,whileonewho followsreasonisafreeman."So itbehovesallnottobetoohasty.

Letus,atleast,lookbeforewe leap;thenbrighterto-morrows willbehereperhapssoonertitan wethink-butthesternfactsof lifemustbefacedatallcosts,we cannotaffordtosentimentalise.

Forthedarkshadowsover hangingtheworldandwhich seemamostonthevergeofoverwhelmingmanhimselfdemandsasthemostvitalnecessityofour times-thattheTruthshallnot bewatereddown,evenifweare eithertooblindtoseethetruth ornottooanxioustoacceptit whenwedo-Yoursetc., J.DONOVAN.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

St.Brigid'sClub,WestPerth. WithaviewtorevivingtheactivitiesoftheClub,ameetingwill beheldintheParishHallonthe eveningofFriday,November22. Pastandintendingmembersare invitedtoattendtodiscussthe position.

Vocationstothe'Priesthood

Thereisonesupremejoyinthe livesoffathersandmothers;itis thejoytheytastewhentheygaze attheirboyastheBishopanoints hishands,clotheshiminthe priestlyvestments,andimparts tohimthe'awesomepowertoforgivesinsandtochangebreadand wineintotheBodyandBloodof GodtheSon. Gratitude,reverence,andahumbleholypriderunriotintheir confusedwhirlofemotion.They oftenthoughttheyweregiving generouslytoGod-theywereunpreparedforthishundred-foldreturn.

VirtuesMustFlourish.

ManyCatholicparents,while covetingthishonourandhappiness,regarditasanidledream,It isthefewwhorealisethatiftheir boyistoenteraseminary,the spiritoftheseminarymustpervadethehome.Thisspiritis foundwherezeal,obedience,selfsacrificeandprayerarefound.In homeswherethesevirtuesflourish,theseedofvocationsissown. Therewouldbevery,veryfew priestsifallweretowaitfora supernaturalvisionoramysteriousvoiceorderingthemtobecomepriests.Afewrareexceptionshavereceivedthecallina miraculouswas-.ButGod'sor-

dinarywayforprovidingpriests leavestheresponsibilityvery muchonparents.Thosepriests areveryfewwhodonotgratefullyacknowledgethatthelittle seedwhichblossomedintothe priesthoodtookrootintheirsoul becauseofamother'sholyinfluenceandafather'slivelyfaith. Therewasnothingmiraculous aboutit.Theyacquiredthe "signs"ofavocationfromtheir goodCatholichomes.The"signs" weretestedintheseminaryand werefoundgenuine. ExampleofParents. Catholic-parents,itrestsvery muchwithyourselveswhetheryou willhaveasonapriestornot. Ifyourhomeissuchthatyour childrenareobedientself-sacrificing.andinterestedinthethings cfGod,thentheyhavethe"signs" ofavocation.Aboywiththese virtueswillreadilysupplythat steadfastresolvetodevotehis lifetoGodandrenouncealife intheworld,which15requiredof thosewhowouldbepriests.He formsthisresolvemorefromthe silentexampleofGod-fearingparentsthanfromanywordsof theirs.Ifthepriesthoodseems torunincertainfamiliesitis becausethehomeatmosphereis kindlytothevirtuesthepriest needs.

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newAidtoVissionargWork

BishopBlessedMachinebefore Take-offforNorth-West

Withtheblessingofa"Tiger Moth"planeinGeraldtonlast monthforFatherBryan,P.P., PortHedland,byHisLordship BishopGummer,anewphaseof missionaryactivityhasopenedup intheDioceseofGeraldton.

Fewifanydiocesesintheworld canboastofanareaof614,000 miles.Ofthisdistinction,Geraldtoncanboast,theboasting beingalwaystemperedwiththe 1.,erplexitythatmustnecessarily vexthemindoftheBishopwho hastheresponsibilityofseeing thatthescatteredpopulationof suchavastteritoryisadequatelycateredforinthethingsthat makethislifetolerableandrenderthenextlifesecure.

Thepioneeringpriests,oneof them,Rt.Rev.Mgr.Irwin,V.G., =tillhappilyandactivelywithus, lacedthecolossaltaskofgetting tothepeopleoftheoutbackon horsebackorbyhorseandsulky. Thehardshipsthusentailedcan onlyfaintlybeimaginedbythose whohaveneverhadthatexperier.ce.Hundredsofmilestraversedonhorsebackalongbush tracks,oversandplains,inallweathersandexposedtoalltheimaginablepestseverletlooseon landandintheairbyabountiful nature suchwasthelot,.; thepioneerpriestwhotoiledt., bringtheHolyMassandtheSac. ramentstothosewhowentinto thenever-neverinquestofalivelihood.

Theadventofthemotorcar madethingsmuchmorepleasant ard,ofcourse,muchmoreexpensive.Trains,too,appearedon thescene,buttheirscopewas necessarilylimited.FromGeraldton,theypenetratednorthto Northampton,ameredistanceof thirtyoddmiles.,Theylater openeduptheMidlandcountry southandtheMurchisonareato thenorth-east,asfarasWiluna, 500milesfromGeraldton.But veinsdonotleavethebeaten track,oratleasttheyarenotsupposedto.Theycertainlywenta longwaytowardssolvingtheproblemsofthepriest,buttheyalso leftmuchofthewaytobesolvedbytheimaginationorthefeet ofthepriest.Inthosedays therewereevenfewerpriestsin theGeraldtonDiocesethanthere arenow.Itmightnotbeanexaggerationtosaythattherewas onepriestforeachofthecardinal pointsofthecompass.TheMurchisondistrict,whichincluded abouteighttownsofvaryingsizes, wasservedbytwopriests.and sometimesbyjusthalfthatnumber.Thefacultytobinatedoes 111111HIMMUSOIHIIIIHOOMUMfil.11111111111.11111111111

VICTOR (PENROSE CAMERA PORTRAITS PERTH'SMODERNSTUDIO.

Groups,Bridal,ChildStudies,and GeneralPortraiture.

OnlyAddress:

672CENTRALHAYSTREET (entranceCouncilAvenue). ***

Ifit'sa VictorPenrose

Portrait,it'sagoodPortrait,

notbringwithitthegiftofbilocation.Andsothepriestwas everonthemove.Catchingtrains, wheretrainswereavailable,was awholetimejob.Askedonce byafellowtravellerwherehe lived,thelateFatherPrendergast replied:"Onthetrain!"

Inspiteofmechanicalprogress, theNorth-West,fromNorthamptontoPortliedland,was,and stillis,impervioustotheblessings ofthetrain.Coastalboatscall atCarnarvon,SharksBay,Onslow andPortHedland.Butboats, liketrains.canotleavethebeaten track.Perhapstheycouldifthe riversinthoseregionspossessed

enaxles,springsandwheels,and themanyothermishapsincluding bogging,whichbesetthemotor. ist..Thesethingsusuallyhappen milesandmilesfromnowhere, whichincreasestheanxietyand lessensthechancesof recovery.

Butsomehoworother,Father Bryanalwaysgetstheretosay Massandtoinstructthechildren. Natureandgraceseemtobein hisfavour,forfewcoulddowhat hehasdone.

Amanwithaproblemisalways onthelook-outforasolutionto ifheiswise.FatherBryan hadhisproblem theproblem ofgettingaroundtothegreatest numberofplacesintheshortest possibletime.Hebroughthis problemtotheBishop,although heneedn'thave,fortheBishop wasonlytoowellawareofit.And notonlythat,butFatherBryan hadasolutionforhisproblem,of

wayplaceswillnowhaveamore frequentopportunitytoreciveinstructionsfromthepriest,thereby derivingmorebenefitfromthediocesancorrespondencecourseofreligiousinstructionwhichtheynow receive. Thegraveanxiety !whichnecessarilygoeshand-inhandwithillness,particularly ,uddenillness,willbegreatlyallayedforthesuffererandrelativesalikebytheknowledgethat thepriestcannowbeeasilysummonedbypedalwirelesstothe sickbedsidetoadministerthe Sacramentstothesickanddying. WhatablessingthisistotheCatholicpeopleoftheNorth-West!

BeforetakingofffromGeraldtontoPortHedland,theplane wasblessedbyBishopGummer accordingtothespecialformula providedbytheRitualforthe blessingofaircraft.Theaccompanyingpictureshowsthisvery appropriatelaunchingofthisvery valuableadjuncttothe.lifeofthe ChurchintheDioceseofGeraldton. -(Fromthe"CathedralChron isle,"Geraldton.)

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isusually andsometimesmistakenlyassociatedwithrivers-water!Butit isoneoftheparadoxesofnature tobemetwithintheseparts thatrivershavenowater.atleast forthemostpartoftheyear,and certainlyneverhaveitinsufficientquantityfornavigation.On thatscore,atleast,Veniceneed neverfearrivalryfromtheDioceseofGeraldton.

Itcanbeseen,therefore,that distanceisnosmallobstacleto theworkoftheCnurchinthe North-West.Evenusingacar, itisquiteimpossibletodojusticetotheneedsofthepeople intheseisolatedplaces.Many districtsaretoosparselypopulatedtomaintainaresidentpriest andaretooremotefromthecentreofthe"parish,"wherethe priestresidestogetHolyMass eachweek.Peopleinsuchcircumstancesarefortunateindeed iitheyattendMassonceamonth, andthepriestconcernediseven morefortunateifhecanaccomplisheventhatmuchconsidering thereisalimittohumanendurance.Formanyyears,Mgr.Irwin,thenayoungmanjustout fromIreland,battledwiththis wellnighinsuperabledifficultyto reachthefewscatteredCatholics dispersedoverthehugeareafrom CarnarvontoPortHedlandand fromPeakHilltoMarbleBar. Howhebattledandwonisastory ofzealcomparabletoanyinthe missionaryannalsoftheChurch, andarecordofendurancefitto standsidebysidewiththetales ofancientchivalry.

whichtheBishopwasalsoonly toowellaware!Anaeroplane!

WhattranspiredbetweenIlis LordshipandFatherBryaninthe discussionofthisproblemisnot knowntothewriter.Butthis welchisknown.FatherBryan spentashortsixweeksinPerth, sightseeingapparently but fromtheair.Anexamination wasthentakenandpassed.Then oneday,withthemid-daysun,a zoomingfilledtheairoverGeraldton.Itwasa"TigerMoth," crestedwithanorbsurmounted withtheCrossandunderalla scrollbearingtheinscription"EuntesDocete" Going,therefore, teachallnations..!"

Gracefully,"Loreto"wasbrought tolandontheGeraldtonaerodrome.Withatwinkleinhis eye,andnodoubtanaspirationof thanksgivinginhisheartfora safetripfromPerthandagood landing,thepilotsteppedfrom theplane.ItwasFatherBryan, parishpriestofPortHedland.He isprobablythefirstparishpriest inAustraliatouseanaeroplane inthedischargeofhisparochial duties.

Theplane,a"TigerMoth"DH 82A),isasingleenginemachine withacruisingspeedofabout85 milesperhour.Anauxiliary petroltankspeciallyfittedgivesa rangeoffourhours'safeflying. ThemaidentripfromPerthto PortHedland,viaGeraldton,was averysatisfactoryone,beingcoveredin'approximatelyeleven flying hours.

SincehisarrivalbackinPort Hedland,FatherBryanhasflown tcHillside,BambooSprings,Nullagine,MarbleBarandbackto PortHedland.Whenoneconsidersthatavisitationoftheentireparishinvolvesbycarajourneyofover2,000milesitwillbe readilyunderstoodwhataboon theplane'willbetothepriestand peoplealike.NowitwillbepossibleforFatherBryantogive HolyMassonthesamedaytothe Catholicpeoplelivingsofarapart aswouldmakethefeatimpossible ifrelyingonmotortransport.The

Thepresentparishpriestof PortHedland,a"parish"territoriallyaslargeasNewSouthWales, isFatherEdwardBryan,ason ofWesternAustralia.SincehisordinationatPropagandaCollegein Romein1939,hehashadcharge ofthishugeterritory.Readers ofthe"Chronicle"arefamiliar withFatherBryan'sfeatsofenduranceincoveringthisvastarea bycar,Thoseacquaintedwith motoringintheNorth-Westknow ofthespillsandthrills,theblowouts,theshortcircuits,thebrok-childrenlivingintheseout-of-the-

PlanebeingblessedbyBishopGtunmer,assistedbyVeryRev.FatherGallagher(ThreeSprings). ToleftisFatherBryanPortHedland),whopilotsplane.ThecrestchosenisthatofPropaganda College,Rome, thatcommoditywhich

mileAWHILE.

Floss:"Whathaveyouthrown ertoverfor,Joan?"

asked

Joan:"Why-beforewewentin hepicturestheothernight,he mewhatsortofsweetsI wanted,andItoldhimthathe knewwhatsuitedme,andthe otterboughtaciddrops.' * * * *

Thevillageconcertorganiser calledatthehomeofoneofthe wealthiestvillagerstoinquireif hewouldcontributetothelatest charityeffort.

"Iwillseeifthemistressisat home,"themaidinformedher.

Afterashorttimethemaidreturnedtosaythathermistress wasnotathome, 'Oh,verywell,"beamedtheorganiser.Shereachedintoher handbagandadded:"Howunfortunate!I'veforgottenmyvisiting ards."

"That'sallright,ma'am,"returnedthemaid."Itoldthe mistresswhoyouwere!"

"Now,Jack,don'ttrytogull youroldgrannywithsuchcock-anbullstories.Tellmesomething true."

"Well,then,"continuedJack, "wehadtocastanchorinacalm crossingtheRedSea,andwhen wehauleduptheanchorwefound oneofPharoah'schariotwheels attachedtoit!"

"Ah,"saidGranny,"that'sgospeltruth,Jack!Butnoneofyour Hying-fish ng-fishYarnsforme!"

* *

Teacher:"Nowatwhatspeed doeslighttrave?"

Pupil:"Veryfast,sir.Inany case,itgetsherefartoosoonin themorning."

* *

Doctor:"Didthatsleeping draughtIprescribedforyourhusbandcurehisinsomnia,Mrs.Higgins?

Mrs.Higgins:"Well,doctor.it wasn'taltogetherasuccess.You see,everytimehedropsoffto sleep,hesnoressoloudthathe wakeshimselfupagain."

* * * *

FirstLittleGirl:"Mydaddyalwayssaysthatmummy'sabutterfly."

SecondLittleGirl:"Weil,my daddysaysmymummy'samoth, thewayshegoesthroughhis clothes,"

LittleMaryandlittleWillie werehavingoneoftheirregular argumentsthroughthefence.

"Huh!"exclaimedMary."Fancy yourfatherwithatailor'sshop andlettingyourunaboutinthose raggedtrousers."

Fancyyourpop'sadentist,"retortedWillie,"andyOurbabyain't gotnoteeth!"

* *

Actor(tocolleague):"Well,how .it,youlikemarriedlife?"

"Justinmyelement."

"Whatdoyoumean?"

"Everydaythereisatleastone scene."

* * * *

Counsel:"Now,sir,didyou,or didyounot,onthedateinquestion,oratanytime,previously orsubsequently,sayorevenintimatetothedefendantoranyone else,whetherfriendormereacquaintance,orinfact,astranger, thatthestatementimputedto you,whetherjustorunjust,and deniedbytheplaintiff,wasa matterofnomomentorotherwise?Answer,didyouordidyou not"

Defendant:"DidIordidInot what?"

* * * *

Customer(tohisbarber): "Yourhair-restorerhasmademy haircomeoutmorethanever."

Barber:"Ah,youmusthaveput toomuchon,sir,andmadethe haircomerightout,insteadof' onlyhalfway."

* * * *

"Isoldkissesatthelastbazaar, butthenonemustdothesethings forcharityIt"

"Isupposethat'swhatthecustomerthought,dear!"

ToIliffinwasdelegatedthe honourofpresentingthevacuum cleanerpurchasedbythestaffas atokenoftheiresteemforMiss Dumpling,thetypist,whowas leavingtheofficeuponthenear approachofhermarriage.

Herose,blushednervously,and sincl:"Onbehalfofmycolleagues andmyself,Icongratulateyou, andbegyoutoacceptthis.little gift.Wehopethatasyouem ployittofreeyourhomefrom unwanteddirtandlitter,youwill beremindedofyouroldfriends attheoffice."

*

"Canyoulendmeapound?I haveleftmupocketbookat home."

"CertainlyIcanbuthowawkwardifyoursyifefindsyourpoe ;;et-book."

"Thatdoesnotmatter-thereis nothinginit"

Thevisitorpaidhisgreenfee, fixedupamatchandwentout tothefirsttee.Takinghisstance, hegave'awildswingandmissed completely.

"Byjove."hesaidtohisopponent."It'sagoodthingIfound outearly-thiscourseisatleast twoincheslowerthantheoneI usuallyplayon." -

* *

Mr.Dinercalledforhisbill,and onperusingitdiscoveredhehad beenchargedashillingtoomuch.

"Howdoyoumakethisout?" heasked,lookingatthewaitress sharply.

"Wellyousee,sir,"repliedthe girl,"thecashierbetmetwoshillingsyouwouldn'tseeitandI bethimyouwould"

Mr.Dinersinnedandwrote somethingonthebackofthebill, foldedit,andtoldthewaitress totakeittothecashier.Shedid so,andonopeningittheyboth read:"I'llbetyou5s.I'llnotbe herewhenyougetback."Mr. Dinerwon!

, Hereisagrandopportunityfor ,u,.. -7.w...14 youtosavemoneybymaking .,L -*. yourownChristmasgiftsthis year.

Helenwaschewinggumin school,andwascalledtothe frontoftheclasstobereprimanded."Throwyourguminthe twaste-paperbasket,Helen,"commandedtheteacher.

"Please,MissSmith,"ventured Helen,"mayIkeepitinapiece ofpaper'Yousee,Ionlybought itthedaybeforeyesterday."

* * * *

"IwonderwhyPeckalways goestoaladydentist."

"Isupposeitseemsgoodtohear awomantellhimtoopenhis mouthinsteadoftoshutit."

* * * *

LittlePamhadbeenvisitinga ladywhowasverystout.

NextdayPamandaschool chumturnedupatthehouse.

"Didyourmothersendamessage,dear?"askedthelady.

"Oh,no!"saidthechild."But myfriendwouldnotbelievehow fatyouwere."

Australia'sCatholic Poets

(ContinuedfromPage3.)

Eventhatpeaceoncelay

Ontheselonglandswhereplanes Roartheirremindersofthebrooding Thatfray; Ihadwalkedbrownlanes Undergnarledbranches.clumsily gay, Ihadforgottenthatsomuchis fair, IhadforgottenthatYouliveandcare,

NewEra?

Thus,AustralianCatholicpoets speakto-day,Fortoolongtheir voiceshavenotemergedfromthe cloistersoftheirown.inspiration andexpression.Isittoomuch tohopethatthepublicationof PaulGrano'santhologymayheraldinanewera-aperiodin whichCatholiceditorswillbe foundmorereceptivetomenand womenrareenoughtobe,infact, catholicpoets;inwhichAustralianchildrenwillgrowupwitha knowledgeoftheirworks;in whichtheirvoiceswillbeheeded, theirmessagesinterpreted,their beautyacknowledged.

Australiashouldbegratefulto thesepoetsfortheirlaboursgratefultoGod,too,forendowingthiscountrywiththepoetic gift.Wemighthopethatin otherfieldsofliteraryendeavour thevolumeandstandardofthe workpr6ducedwillequalthatof thepoets.particularlyinthe fieldsoffictionandstraightarticlewriting.

Itwouldbewrongtoassume. ofcourse,thatthezenithhasbeen reachedintherealmofpoetry.Actually,muchsnoreremains.It wouldnotimplyafailuretoappreciatethehighestqualitypoetry,forexample,tosaythatit wouldbeagiftfromGod,ifin thisdayandageinAustraliathere emergedaCatholicpoetcombiningtherelativeapproachand geniusof"JohnO'Brien"andC. Dennis.Buttomakesucha commentis,perhaps,tolayoneselfopentochargesofphilistinismandmisinterpretationofthe functionofpoetry.

Itisapersonalopiniononly, however,but,afterall,itissupportedbythefactthatthereis alwaysaplaceforwholesome, heart-warming,refiningpoetry capableofcapturingtheimaginationofthemassesofthepeople, andleadingthemtobetterideas andthings.Inanycase,ourAustralianCatholicpoetshaveregisteredasignificantperformanceto date,and"WitnesstotheStars" bearstestimonytowhatitscontributorshavedone.

KEOUGH'S

AnyNumber,Place,orTime.

ThreeReceptionRoomsforHire. OnHireCrockery,Cutleryand Glassware,etc.'PhoneB9454. GladKeough.NewcastleSt-Perth. FORCHEAPER

GROCERIES

VICTORIAHOTEL

CASHEL'SARCHBISHOP DIESAT79

Mgr.JohnM.Harty.ArchbishopofCashelsince1913,diedrecently,aged79,afterbeinginfailinghealthforsomeyears.

TheArchbishopissucceededby hisformerstudentandfellowprofessoratMaynoothSeminary, Mgr.JeremiahKinane,formerBishopofWaterfordandLismore,who in1942wasappointedhisCoadjutor.

ArchbishopHartyneverexperiencedparishwork.Hereturned toMaynoothwithinayearofhis ordinationasprofessoroftheologyandstayedthereuntilappointedArchbishopofCashel.He hadtheunusualexperienceofbeingconsecratedbyhispredecessorin/hesee-ArchbishopFen-. nelly-whohadresignedthrough BriliantStudent.

AtMaynooththeArchbishop wasabrilliantstudent,outstrippingallothersinalmostevery subject.Whileaprofessorhe 'roteforthe"IrishTheological Quarterly,"ofwhichhewasfor sevenyearsaneditor.

TheArchbishopwasfor32years untilhisdeathpresidentofthe CatholicTruthSociety.

PresidentO'KellyandMr.De Valera,withmembersoftheGovernmentandrepresentativesof manypublicbodies,attendedSolemnRequiemMass.ThreeArchbishops,nineBishops,andtheAbbotsofMountMellerayandRascreawerepresent.Archbishop D'AltonofArmaghpresidedat theMass,whichwasofferedby ArchbishopKinane.R.I.P.

TOREADERSOF"THE RECORD"

Have\,)ua "Record"you throwoutafterreading?Well, infuture,pleasedon't."TheRecord"oranyotherCatholicpaper, especiallytheillustratedones,will beverymuchwelcomedby FatherSanada,S.J.HesometimessendsliteraturetoMajor CharlesAspharinKure.This isanextractfrommyhusband's letter:

"Thanksforthepapers;they, ofcourse,becomecommonproperty,excepttheCatholicpapers, whichIsendtotheJesuitparish priest-aJap. Hesometimes sendsmeliterature.Thebearer isaJap.womanwhoworkshere, andisreceivinginstructiontobecomeaCatholic.Shehasintroducedustoeachotherfromadistanceofabout7miles.Ihave seenhislittlechurchandschool houseallcombinedfromadistance.Itisaboutthesizeof ourhouse,withaone-roomfirst floor,allpaintedwhiteandwith athincrossrightontop.It's allnewanditstandsoutparticularly,becauseitisinadevastate,1andbombedarea.Thepriest's nameisFatherSanada,S.J."

SowillanyreaderspleaseaddresstheirCatholicliteraturethey usuallythrowoutto:

MajorC.H.

SOIL

The Van Olt theLAND

TheUrbanizationof theCountry

Inallagesofhumanhistory thereisadifferenttemperoflife .andadifferenttempo)inthe countryfromthatinthetown. Andinallagestherehasbeena tendencytoimportthespiritof thetownintothecountry-tourbaniseit.Forcitylife,always basedmorecompletelythanthat ofthecountryonamoneyeconomy,hasbeenabletoexperimentwithnewelementsofcomfortwhichcanslowlyenterinto thenationalstandardsofliving everywhere;andtheclashoftalentsinthecentresbringsabout 'avividculturallifeandinventivenesswhoseproductsthecountryispronetodesire.Suchurbanisationhasoftenbroughtdecayinthefibreofapeople.Philosophersofhistoryhaveoften seenintheprocessaphaseofan ttevitablerhythmleadingtodeclineinthebirthrateandthe innerdecayofacivilisation.For thecountrybreedsatypeofman inwhomnaturalvirtuesareingrained;wheraeasthemenofthe town,livingatadistancefrom rawmaterialsandrelyingontrade and-wit,tendtoassumethatlac iasatisfactoryinproportionto thesuccessoftheartificebywhich painandeffortareavoided. Thesetwotypes(itisbelieved) cannotberolledintoone.Humannaturerequiresamoraldivisionoflabour,andthecitytype, howevermuchitresemblesaflow. ea,isinrealityaparasite,and couldnotsurvivewerenotthe foundationtheretosustainit.No civilisationsurviveswhentheurbanitebecomesthemodelforall groups.

tualitiesoflifeinihstime.if beinginvadedisbeingcorupted, thecountryhasrevelledinbeing corrupted!Wearefarfromassertingthatthisisthecase;all thatwehereassertisthat,byits owncomplicity,thecountryisactivelymixingcityhodintoitself atarateneverbeforerealisedin history.

Andcertainlyeachofthese changestakenbyitselfisforthe better.Theaveragefarmhome hasnotall,butsoonwillhave muchoftheequipment,convenience,quickcommunication,electricpower,instantnews,and home-borneamusementofthe city.Thingsaremovingthat way.Building,heating,lighting, sanitationofthefarmareplannedonthesamelinesasthose ofthecity.Thisisonlytosay thatthecommonbasisofournationalcivilisationhasrisenall aroundtoahigherlevel.Anew senseofcommunityofexperience andeaseofunderstandingbetweetownandcountryhasbeen created

1(ishardtobelievethatanyonewouldwantthesechanges undone.Thequestionremains whether,takentogether,thisurbanisationhaschangedthecharacterofthefarmerinanyway thatshouldgiveusconcern.This questionwillberevertedtoshortly.

IndustrialisationandCapitalisation.

mandremainsunsatisfied,ittends toturnagainstcapitalismasa systemandtocallforitsreplacementbysomesysteminwhichthe ownershipofthemeansofproductionislessprivateandlessfree. Totheinsecureman,securitymay seemfarmoredesirablethanliberty,whetherforhimselforfor others.

Initsnormaloperationcapitalismtakescareoflabour'swillto work,andthereforedoesnotbreed aproletariat,thatis,abodyof mendependentonempoymentat anotherman'schoice,insecure,detached,propertyless,discontented,unfulfilled.Thisisthedisease,notthenormalorderand nottheusualorder;stilladiseasenotvetentirelymastered.

Butsupposethatthissameprocessinvadesthefarm.which,has been(atleasttheoretically)the refugeofthemanwhodetermines atallcoststoretainhisindependenceandhispowertowork.Supposefarmerssoldout(underpressureorotherwise/tointerests whichspeculateontheirproductivity;supposetheseinterestslet themtooperatorswhoarenot owners;supposetheseoperators ;aturnlosetheirhopesandfail intheirpayments.Thenasemitethereddisheartened,spiritless classarisestostrikehandswith themalcontentsoftheindustries. Capitalismwillthenhavebreda doublegroupofcriticsbentless onitsreformthanonitsoverturn.Andagricultureinthat placewillhaveceasedtodevelop theAmericancitizen.Thematterisofpublicconcernfromboth sides, Capitalismcanmaintainits healthonlyonthreeconditions.

thesechangesissimplytoincreasethediversityinthetypes oflifecoveredbytheword'farm. ing";thefarmlifeofthegreat AmericanPlain,willbeatype ofitsown.

Butthattypecannotcontinue tobebasedontenancyandabsenteeownership.Capitalisation, whenitcannotbecarriedbythe individualfarMer,canperhapsbe carriedbyco-operatinggroupsof farmers.Howeverthismaybe, ithasbecomeapublicconcern thatfarmproperty,beitsmallor large,beitcompletelyownedor partlyowned,beitownedindividuallyor(tosomeextent)collectively,stallcontinuetodoits partinthebuildingoftheAmericanindividualanddemocrat.

Andwehavetorememberthat neithereconomicchangenorits consequencesareinevitable.There isnosuchmysteriousthingasan economicforceapartfromthe consciousdesiresofmen.The moreefficientmethodofproductionisinevitableonlywhenand sofarasthereisnosocialinterestagainstit.Ifthereissucha contraryinterest-if,forexample, agivenmethodofploughingand plantingleadstosoilruinorifa newmethodoffinancingeatsout thespiritofthehumanoperator -thesemethodsaretohealtered bythefreehumanwill;andif theyaretoomuchfortheindividual,theybecomefitsubjectsof community,perhapsofgovern. mental.attention.

N.C.R.M.

CHEMURGY.

Chemurgyisanorganisedattempttocreatewealth,which liesdormantinthesoil.theair andthesun,andwhichifdirectedintelligently,canbetranslated intoabundantlifeforallpeoot tiallnations.

WhentheEgyptiansadded strawtotheirbricks,Chemurgy wasatwork.Fromtimeimmemorialagricultureproducehas beenutilisedforindustrialraw material.

Anearlydevelopmentinthe listofchemurgicachievements wasthediscoveryanddevelopmentoftheindustrialusesofthe soyabean.

Theelementsofsoil,whichare removedinplantgrowth,mustbe returnedtoit,anditsphysical structuremustbesavedfromdeterioration.Thismeansthat theremustbebothdiversification ofcroppingandajudiciousblend ofcropraisingwithanimalhusbandry,Onlyinthiswaywilla farmersavehumuscontent,and counterthesoilerosionwhichall overtheworldfollowsunbalancedcropping.

MAN.TIMUPDAIRYPROPERTY(BN291R)

182acs.freeholdland,allfirstclasssituate1milefromsiding andschool.Rainfall42in.Timberedwithjarrah,aail-gumand karri;172acs.cleared,10acs.ringbarked.Fencedwith60chns, plainandbarb,withsomerabbitnetting;122chns.plain,459chns. barb;19paddocks.Watersupply laidonfromtownship;cement tankandtroughs.Permanent creekrunsthroughproperty.8roomedJ.W.B.housewithverandah,linedandceiledthroughout; electriclight,laundryandbathroom.Workman'scottageof3 roomsandstore-room,milking shed,stockyard,feedroom,engineroom;allcementfloors,hay shed,etc. 162acs.pasture,10 acs,appleorchard.30acs.good summerland,50acs.landvery suitablefortobaccogrowing.Carryingcapacity50milkingcows.

PRICE:f5,533cash;termscan bearranged.Stock:50milking cows.Goodplant,including4unitmilkerwithelectricmotor. Thispropertyisverywellimprovedandincludesmanyup-to datefeatures.Inspectionisre commended.

Forfurtherparticularsapply to---

GOLDSBROUGH.MORTAND COMPANY,LIMITED,PERTH. BRANCHESANDAGENTS.

Ifthisisthecaseweareindeedindanger.Forinnoageof theworldhastheurbanisationof farmlifeproceededsofastandso farasintheUnitedStatesinthe lasthalfcentury.Thisisdue largelytothefactthatamongthe mostconspicuouschangesare thoseintheinstrumentsofattackwherebyanypartofthenationallifecanbeinvadedbyany otherpart.Thetelephone,the radio,andtheautomobilehave putanendtoprivacy.The farm(whichhashadasurplus ofloneliness,especiallyinthe longnorthernwinters)hasnot merelyadmitted,ithaseagerly embracedtheseinstrumentsofinvasion.Whatevertheconceptionofmusic,ofnewsvalues,of entertainment,ofsportmaybeat thebroadcastingcentre,thoseconceptionsthrustthemselvesonthe listener.whofeelsthatinlisteningheissharingintheac-

Thesecondtypeofchangeis moreobviouslymenacingforthe qualityofourcivilisation.For theinvasionofthecountryby theabsenteepowersoforganised capital.replacingresidentownershipbytenancyorbyindustrialisedoperation,maypossiblycarry tothegreatfarmareassomeof thesocialdistempersofindustrialcentres.

Theprimarysocialproblemof ourtimerelatestothedestinyof capitalismasasystem.Itisa systemoffreeinitiative,dependingonthefreeuseofprivately ownedcapitaltoproducewealth andincidentallyprovideemploymentforlabour.Thisfreedom oftheindividualcapitalistisanythingbutcapricious,sincecapital canonlybeemployedbyemploying:butitisherethatthe chiefdifficultyisfelt,sincelabour becomesdependentonanemploymentwhichitcannotdirectlycontrol.Suchdependentpersons mayreachthepointwherethe righttoworkbecomesthebiggestthingintheirlives:itbecomesacravingtogetaccessto STOVES:Relinedasnew;oldtools,materials,land-tobeable stovestradedInanEnameltomakealiving,wherethewill stoves.W.A.StoveCo.B6307.tolabourisstrong.IfthisdePristsdandPublishedbyKeith

(1)Itmusttaketheproblemof employmentasitscollectiveresponsibility;itmustsatisfythe willtowork.t2)Theowning anduseofcapitalmustbewidespreadthroughthecommunitythepossibilityofsavingandof earningthroughsavingmustbe general. 13!Ownershipinits fullsensemustbewidelydiffused;thismeanstheownershipof realpropertyinsteadofmereabstracttokenssuchasmoneyand securities.Andrealproperty comestoitsbestexpressioninthe farmoperatedbyitsowneror owners;forherewehavecapital bearingitsnaturalandunchallengedfruitindirectresponseto labourandintelligentinvestment.Thepresentchangesappeartoleadawayfromthisthird conditioninthedirectionofwidespreaddependencyoftheworker anddisaffectionfromhiswork.

Thesechangesofcapitalisation andindustriaisationdonotaffect allAmericanfarmingtothesame extenborproduceeverywherethe sameresults.Theylightmost easilyinthegreatprairieregions whereyieldmaybetangiblyincreasedbyhighlycapitalisedproductionandwhereproduction thatisnotcapitalisedappearsto bewasteful.Themoredifficult farmsoftheborderStates,easternandwestern,remainrelativelyuntouchedbythosechanges, thoughtheyaredrivenbyMidwestcompetitiontonewspecialisations.Thusthefirstresultof

Soyabeans.withscoresofac. trialandpatentialuses,though littleknown21yearsago, 1913 reachedAproductionof14.0(ai;)C bushels,andisnowamajorcrop. Itsusesforindustrialpurposes havemorethantrebledinfive years.

In1944,theU.S.A.produced 14,000,000lbs.ofstarchfromwaste potatoes,worththree.quartersof amilliondollars.Thewastematerialfromthepotatoesusedfor starchwasconvertedintoanew plasticmouldingpower,absorbed bytheplasticindustry.

Chemurgicresearchiseverpointingthewaytosoyabeanfibres andfabrics,tofarmfeedfrom woodwastes,fibrousplasticmaterials,potatoesforthefermentation industry,soyabeansforpaints andvarnishes.

In194370percent.ofallsyntheticrubberproductscamefrcm alcohol(190proof)produces2111as ofrubber.

RATANNINGDISTRICTGRAZINGPROPERTY(EA239R): 5,335act.C.P.land,situate16 milesfromsidingandschool-possiblebusservicetoschoolshortly.Rainfall20in.Timberedwith white-gum,sheoakandjam.578 acs.cleared,840ringarked,100 acs.cutdown.21milesboundary fencing,approx.14milessub-divisions-2lpaddockswateredby5 dams,5permanentpools,2soaks,1 windmill,and3x1,000gal.tanks onstands.4-roomedG.I.house, linedkitchen,bathroom:water laidon.Generalpurposeshedand shearingshed.Carryingcapacity1,200sheep;375acs.ofclover.PRICE:flpa.Cash,or termscanbearranged.

Forfurtherparticularsapply to----

GOLDSBROUGH,MORTAND COMPANY,LIMITED,PERTH, BRANCHESANDAGENTS.

Telephone:B8838:R:s.:WM2223

THEGENERALAGENCYCO. D.P.O'SULLIVAN.

29a-30PADBURYBUILDINGS FORRESTPLACE,PERTH. ESTATEAGENTS. SWORNVALUATORS,

SPECIALISINGINSALESOF ALLTYPESOFFARMSAND STATIONS.

PROPERTIESFORSALE

BUYERS,CONSULTUSFORALLCLASSESOFFARMSWHEAT,SHEEP,DAIRY,GRALINGANDPOULTRY.WE ARESURETOHAVESOMETHINGTOSUITYOURREQUIREMENTS.

LONDONCOURT, ST.GEORGE'STERRACE,PERTH.

'PHONES:B3417;B3245.