The Record Newspaper 13 November 1946

WhyIrelandSoughtAdmission

whichIrelandsoughttoworkwiththeUnitedNationsOrganisationarebravelyexpoundedinthefollowingextractfromthe Dublin"Standard":

DailEireannhastaken-tmanimously-adecisionfarandaway themostgraveinthehistoryof thisState.Thefreely-elected representativesofthepeopleof theseTwenty-sixCountiesofIrelandhaveempoweredtheGovernmenttoapply'foradmissionto theUnitedNationsOrganisation andtoaccepttheobligationscontainedintheSanFranciscoCharterofJune,1945. Whatthese obligationsarewereputclearly totheDeputiesbyMr.deValera.

ThepeopleofIrelandknowvery little-andthistheyhaveincommonwiththepeopleofevery othercountry-ofthefinerpoints 0ftheconstitutionandworking of''theUnitedNations"asthe world-widebodyisnowtobecalled.Manyofthemwillhave readtheCharter,whichisamagnificentdocument,"formedfrom theconfluenceofmanystreams ofthought,including,ofcourse, thatwhichflowsinthebroad anddeepbedofCatholictradition."Theleastintelligentamong themwillhaveseenatoncethe appallingabyssthatnowyawns betweenthephasesoftheCharterandthepracticeoftheprinciplesthereinlaiddown, TheIrishpeople-orthegreat majorityforwhichthe'present Governmentcanspeak,asithas sowellspokeninthepastonall matterspertainingtoexternalaffairs-accepttheprinciplesofthe Charter.Theydonotcondone whatpurportstobetheapplicationofthem.IfIrelandsends arepresentativetotheUnited NationsasitsentMr.deValera inthepasttotheLeagueofNations,hewillgoasagenuinerepresentative,appointedbythe Governmentfreelyelectedbta majorityvoteofthepeople.

UnlikesomeheadsofGovernmentsintheworldto-day,hewill actuallybeacitizenofthecountryhepurportstorepresent.He willowefirstallegiancetothis countryandnottosomeother country.IfIrelandisadmitted t'U.N.itwillheIrelandthatsits acreinthepersonofherrepresentative,nottheUnitedStates orBritain.inthisourrepresentativewilldifferfromthesocalledPolishrepresentative,oras isnowproposed,therepresentativesofthoseP,alticrepublics whichhaveceasedtoexistasindependentStates.

(Ireland'srepresentative will haveabackgroundoforder,freedomandtheruleoflaw.Inthis weareluckierthansomeother countrieswhowillbegadmission afterhavingbeenravaged-in

J.W.SHEEHAN

FIUMEMTDUTCHER

HANNANST.,KALGOORLIE PIAISTANAMEET Ted.OS. T.L111

somecasesbybothsides-inthe recentwar,havingbeenstripped ofeventheirmostmeagrepossessions,theirpeople'sfoodthieved fromthemandtheirclothestorn fromtheirbacks,theirreligiousbeliefssubjectedtoharassmentand persecution,theirintelligentsia andallpotentialleadersslaughtetedortakenintoslavery,the

C,enwe,whofoughtbitterly againstpayingwhatweregardedasunjustlylevelledimposts asbetweentheBritishandourselves,beutterlyneutralwhen countrieslikeFinland,Hungary, Austria,arebeingruinedbythe exactions,underbrutalforce,of theSovietUnion?SurelyMr. NortonandCorishtheDeputies concerned)arenot"middleofthe roaders"lookingneithertoLeft orRightonsuchaquestionas thesuppressionoftheCatholicreligionwhichistheFaithofeighty percentofthepeopleofLithuania,untillatelyafreenation?

Letushastentoaddthatwedo notbelievethatthatistheirattitude.Thatbeingso, they shouldbecarefulnottosaythe opposite,foritmisrepresentsnot onlythemslvesbuttheIrish workerswhoelectedthemand thenationasawhole.

MoralPrinciplesWillSeInsisted

On.

Wethinkthatthisisanimportantpoint.Wehaveeveryconfidencethatthemoralprinciple, theprincipleoftheruleoflaw sowellsetoutintheCharterof theUnitedNations,willbeinsistedonbytheIrishrepresenta-tive-mostcertainlyiftheIrish representativeisMr.deValerawheneverIrelandhasanopportunityofraisinghervoiceinthe counciloftheNations.

HolyFatherAddresses MedicalProfession

GraveResponsibilitytoSociety

EarlylastyearamedicalconferenceofAlliedservicemedical specialistswasheldinRomeand thedoctorswhoattendeditwere receivedbyPopePiusXII.,who addressedthem.Theaddresshas beenreportedverbatimbyE.R. Cullinan,whowaspresentasa guest,andwhostatesthatthe Pope'swords,infaultlessEnglish,madeadeepimpressionon allhishearers.

ThePopefirstrecalledtheparableoftheGoodSamaritan(with strikingfitnesspreservedfor posterityinthegospelwrittenby SaintLuke,himselfadoctor)as illustratingthespirit'ofprompt andunselfishdevotionthathad characterisedtheprofessionof medicinethroughouthumanhistory.Alasformankindifithad not!Thedoctorwasnothandlinginertmatter,howeverprice less,thePopecontinued.Hispatientwasahumancreaturelike himself,withamissiontofulfil, eventhoughhumble,inhumansociety.And,moreover,hehada rendezvouswitheternity.

veryhopeofsurvival,nottosay reconstruction,wreckedunderthe gunsofoccuayingarmies.

TheIrishandCatholicPointof View.

Whendeputies,inthecourseof adiscussionmaintainedgenerally atalevelmuchhigherthanthe necessarilybriefpressreports wouldindicate,fellintosuch doubtfulphrasesasforecasting thatIrelandinU.N.wouldbe "neithertotheLeftnortothe Right,butkeepstrictlytothe middleoftheroad,"theyleft themselvesmostsurprisinglyopen tomisunderstanding.Whentwo Labourdeputieswentoutoftheir waytoemphasisethisattitude, didtheyenvisagetheIrishrepresentativeattheUnitedNations takingpartinanydiscussionon questionsofjustice,whetherbetweennationsorsocialgroups?

Cantheyimaginetherebeingno suchthingasanIrishpointof view.necessarilyaCatholicpoint ofview?HasnotIrelandview's onsuchquestionsasthefreedom ofPoland?Canweadvocate thatourpeopleintheNorth shouldhavetheopportunityby freeelectiontodecidewhether theywishtoremainintheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand NorthernIreland,asatpresent constituted,ortojointheIrish Statewhile,atthesametimewe remainindifferentastowhether thepeopleofPolandshad]]be freetoelecttheGovernmentin Warsaw?

Weregardthisaseverywhitas importantasthematerialinterests,involvedinthedecisionof theParliamentandanyaction theGovernmentmaytaketoimplementit.Wehopeandpray thattherewillnotbeanother war.Weareconfidentthat,there willnotbeanotherwarifjustice isrestoredtotheworld.Failing that,weareequallycertainthat therewillbeawarand,ifwords haveanymeaning.wewillnot heneutralinitbecausewehave solemnlyenteredintoengagementstolendwhateveraidisdemandedofusinthecarryingout ofthedecisionsoftheconcertof nations.Itispossible,intheory,thatwemightbeaskedto allotbasesto,say,Sovietforces abouttomakeanattackon Spain:thatis,iftheSovietswere abletopersuadetherestofthe civilisedworldthatSpainwasa threattointernationalpeaceand order.

Wearenotentitledtoassume thatthatcouldnothappen,but weconcherishthehopethatthe worldisstillsaneenough.in spiteofallrecentevidencetothe contrary,toexcludeanysuchor anycomparableeventuality.The strongresiduumofChristianfaith thatunderliestalltheapparent ineptitudesandopportunismof StatesonbothsidesoftheAtlan tic,isaveryrealforceinthe worldto-day.

Ifthereistobelawandorder andjusticeintheworld,theywill besavedandwiththemcivilisation,byBritain,Americaandthe countriesassociatedwiththem, supportedbythestillpowerful aidofthosenationsoftheWest, whichhavesurvivedthesix years'holocaust.Irelandwill entertheUnitedNationstoplay herpart,asamothercountry withinterestsinmanylands,in thegigantictaskofbestowing freedomtomenandnationsfreedomtolive,andtoworship Godasheintendedthatthey should

"PreciouscreatureofGod'slove andomnipotence!Spiritanddust compoundedtoformanimageof theInfinite,livingintimeand space,yetheadedtowardsagoal thatliesbeyondboth!Partof thecreateduniverse,yetdestined tosharethegloryandjoyofthe Creator,thatmanwhoplaceshimselfinthecareofadoctor is somethingmorethannervesand tissues,bloodandorgans.And thoughadoctoriscalledindirectlytohealthebody,hemustoften giveadvice,makedecisions,formulateprinciplesthataffectthe spiritofmanandhiseternal destiny.Itisafteralltheman whoistobetreated,amanmade upofsoulandbody,whohastemporalinterestsbutalsoeternal. andashistemporalinterestsand responsibilitytofamilyandsocietymaynotbesacrificedtofitful fanciesordesperatedesiresofpassion,sohiseternalinterestsand responsibilitytoGodmaynever besubordinatedtoanytemporal advantage. Itisclear,then howthemedicalprofession placesitsrepresentativessquarely withintheorbitofthemoral order,tobegovernedintheiractivitybyitslaws,Whetherit beaquestionofteachingorgiving adviceorprescribingacureor applyingaremedy,thedoctor maynotstepoutsidethefrontier ofmorality,dissociatinghimself fromtheprinciplesofethicsand religion.Hisvocationisnoble, sublime,hisresponsibilitytosocietyisgrave;butGodwillnot failtoblesshimforhischarity andforhisunstintingdevoted effortstoalleviatethesufferings ofhisfellowmanonearth. It isourmostearnestprayerthat thisblessingmaybegrantedto youalladundantlyfromtheloving bountyofGod." WeagreewithCullinanthatthe Pope'swordsareparticularlyappositeatthepresenttime.The advancesinscientificmedicine

havetendedattimestoturnsick peopleintosomanymedicaland surgicalcasesorevenseriesof cases.Thegrowthofsocialmedicinehasledtosomelegislative activityandmuchplanningfor thefuture,butnotalwayswith a,livelyaregardforthethings whichfortifythespiritasfor thosewhichcomfort,thebody.As thePopehassaid:"Itisafterall themanwhoistohetreated."

(PromMedicalJournalofAustralia.)

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PolesBetrayedin WarsawUprising

COURTSHIP CallsFor CAUTION

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InterviewWithGeneralBor

There'ssomethingaboutthe aceandeyesofGeneralBor,Poand'svaliantresistanceleader, whichreflectstheheartbreakthat asbeenhis-aheartbreakjust boutasgreatasanywhichbeellamilitaryleaderinallhisory.TheGeneral,whosereal arneisTadeuszKomorowski,on visittoWashington,wasthe ;nestofmembersofCongressat luncheon,hadameeting"as onesoldiertoanother"withGenialDwightD.Eisenhower.U.S. rmYChiefofStaff,andwaswelomedbyahostofthecity'sPol. shAmericancolony.

DuringaninterviewwithareorteroftheNCW.C.NewsSerice,GeneralBorrecalledtheintredientswhichwentintothat seartbreak.Hewastheleader fthePolishundergroundforces nWarsawandforyearshispoory-equippedarmysecretlyhadstordsmuggledarmsandammunition,waitingforthedaywhen heyshouldariseagainstthehatdNazioccupantsofPoland.

Thesummerof1944waswan ng.RollingwestwardoverPoend'sfields,theSovietArmyhad ushedbacktheGermansseemnglyalmostatwill.Rightupto hebanksoftheVistula,onthe eeryedgeofWarsawcamethe sovietforces-justascantsix Hilesfromthecity.

Then,GeneralBorrecalled,the foscowradiobegantoblareforth acalltothepeopleofWarsawto 'throwofftheNaziyoke."The broadcasts,hesaid,repeatedly emphasisedthattheSovietforces were"justacrosstheriverfrom ou."Thesebroadcastscontinuedforsomedays,theGeneralrecalled,andSovietplanesflew overthecity,"bombarding"it withleafletsofthe"encouraging" news GeneralBorsaidhewasaware thatPolishforcesearlierhad madecontactwiththeSoviet Army,andinthesweepacrossPolandtherewasamaximumofcooperationasPolesandRussians foughtagainsttheGermans,After carefullyweighingallfactors,he said,hewasconvincedthatthe timewasripe.Hegavetheorder for"OperationTempest"-thesignalforthefamous'Warsawuprising,destinedtogodowninhistoryasoneofthewar'smost brilliantfailures.

DuringthefirststagesoftheuprisinginAugust,1944,General Borsaid,hispoorly-equippedarmy withinthecitysucceededinpenningtheGermanswithintheir garrison.Hismentookpossessionofallthecity'spublicutilities;seizedallimportantbuildings:controlledtheradioand gaveoutthegloriousnewsfor theRussiansandalltheworldto hear.Thewevengainedcontrol overbridgesacrosstheVistula, GeneralBorsaid.

Atthattime,StanislausMikolajczyk,thenPremierofthePolishGovernmentin'Exile,wasvisitinginMoscow.Hegavenews oftheuprising'searlysuccessto PremierJosefStalin,TheRussianleader,GeneralBorsaid,declaredhewasoverjoyedandpledgedthatSoviettroopswouldadvanceintothecityassoonaspossible.Butthatpledgewasnever fulfilled.

For63daysandnights,the Polesbattledtokeepcontrolof theirCapital.Littlebylittle. theirresistancewasworndown. GeneralBorsaidthatRussian planesflewameagreamountof suppliestohismen,butthese weredroppedwithoutparachutes andwerevirtuallyuseless.Most ofhissupplies,hesaid,camefrom

BritishandU.S.forces,andwere flownhalfwayacrossEurope whiletheseigewasinprogress. Withnoreliefinsight.General Borsaid,hehadnoalternative buttosurrender.Hegaveup theruinedcity,muchofitspopulationwipedout,onOctober3, 1944.

GeneralBorcametotheUnited StatesfromLondontoaddressa PolishIndependenceDayrallyin Chicago.Hehadoriginallyplannedtoremainonlytwoweeks,but therehavebeensomanydemands forhisappearanceatPolish-Americanmeetingshehasextended hisvisit.TheGeneraldisclosed thatheiswritingabookofhis warexperiencesandtheWarsaw uprising,tobepublishedinSeptember.

TheCatholicChurchunderwent asmanydifficultiesunderthe RussiansasundertheGermans duringthefiveyearsofwar,GeneralBorsaidIleestimatedthat some3,000Polishclergymenwere slainbytheGermans.butadded thatsince1940some1,500,000 Poles,includinghundreds of priests,hadbeendeportedtoSiberiabytheRussians.Hedeclaredthatnoamountofpersecutionorthreatscouldsubduethe CatholicspiritofthePoles,and saidthatthepresentWarsaw government,althoughdominated byMoscow.iswarytoundertake anyovertpersecutionagainstthe ChurchbecauseofthestrongCatholicspiritofthePoles.

ThepurposesforwhichWorld WarII,werefoughtwillnotbe achieveduntilthefreedomandindependenceofPolandisassured, GeneralBorsaid,addingthatthe onlyhopeforhisnationseemsto restinfirmactionbytheUnited States.HeexpressedthegratitudeofthePolishpeopleforthe materialaidandspiritualsupport theyhavereceivedfromtheCatholicBishopsandthepeopleof theUnitedStates.

WITWITHWISDOM

G.K.Chestertonisaminefor theanthologist.Therewas nothinghetouched-essaY,humour,fiction,drama,dialectic-on whichhedidnotscintillate;it wasevencountedafaultwith him.Hereareafewofhis phrasespickedoutatrandom: Marriagerestsuponthefact thatyoucannothaveyourcake andeatit;thatyoucannotlose yourheartandhaveit.

Journalismconsistslargelyin saying"LordJonesDead"topeoplewhoneverknewthatLord Joneswasalive.

Ifamancannotreallymakea foolofhimself,wemaybecertainthattheeffortissuperfluous.

TheWilltoLive-aphraseinventedbyPrussianprofessors whowouldliketoexist,butcan't.

Humanityneverproducesoptimiststillithasceasedtoproducehappymen.

Theonlywayofcatchinga trainIhaveeverdiscoveredis tomissthetrainbefore.

Inalllegendsmenhavethought ofwomenassublimeseparately, buthorribleinacrowd.

Ifitisnottruethatadivine beingfell,thenwecanonlysay thatoneoftheanimalswententirelyoffitshead.

Becauseoftheexplosivecharacterofsex,theimportanceofrestrainingthephysicalelementin courtshipcanscarcelybeoverstressed.Followa"hands-off" policy.Respectthepersonof thefriendwithwhomYouare keepingcompany.Don'ttryto sethimorher,andyourselfas well,onfire.Whyexcitedesireswhichcannotbesatisfied, saveattheexpenseofallthat youbothholddear?Whymake himrestlessanduneasy?Why inflictuponherheadachesand heartachesandadisturbed,ifnot anaccusing,conscience.

Inaddition,toogreatlicense impedesintelligentexplorationof elementsofcongenialityinother fieldsandtherebyfrustratescultivationoffriendshipinitsdeepestsense,

Genuinefriendshipdoesnot leanuponthestimulationofthe physicalelementofsex.Young personswhoreallycareforeach otherfinduntoldhappinessinthe merepresenceoftheother;a worldoffunandenjoymentmaybeobtainedwithoutappealto lust.

MutualConsiderations.

Thedifferencesinthesexes mustalsobeemphasised.The physicalbasisofthesexinstinct ismoreaggressiveinmanand maybemoreeasilyaroused,In womanthepsychicalelements playalargerandmoreimportant role.Actionsandcontactswhich' leavehervirtuallyundisturbed maygreatlyarousethepassions ofhermalecompanion.Consequently,thewomanmustbearin mindthewisdomofdiscouraging anylibertywhichmayactasa fusesettingoffanexplosionon thepartofherfriend.Ina senseshemustbekeeperofhis conscienceaswellesofherown. Shemustbeconsiderateofhim aswellasofherself.

GirlShouldBeCautious.

Yethowoftenthatprotection isdeniedayoungman,through lackofunderstandingofhisdanger.Notuncommonlythegirl failstorealisethatafamiliarity, whichseemstohertobeaninnocentexpressionofromantic love,mayquicklyignitetheboy's passion.Becausethephysical elementsofsexareusuallydormantorquiescentinhernature, shedoesnotsensethatwhatis safeforhermaybeextremely perilousforherfriend,Ifthese differencesweremorewidelyunderstoodbyyoungpersonsof bcthsexes,manydangersand temptationsnowunwittinglyplacedbeforeyoungmenwouldbe avoided.

Theaverageyoungmanwants todoright.Underthesledgehammerblowsofnewly-awakened sexinstincts,however,hestands desperatelyinneedofhelp.If thegirliswiseandconsiderate, shewillnotfailtohelphimin hismomentofdesperateneed.An earnestword,alookofdisapproval,asuddenchangeintheconversation,aquickanddetermined stepawaywillbethelifepreserverthrownhimasheissinking SympathyandFirmness.

Whenthusrescued,withsenses restored,hewillfeeladmiration forthegirlwhosavedhim.That understandinggesture,inwhich weremingledsympathyandfirmness,isthefinestpossibleexpressionoftruefriendshipandnobilityofcharacter.Theyoungman ifhehasanystreakofdecency, willnotfailtotakethecueand keephiscourtship,henceforth, safelyawayfromthedanger zones.

Agirlissensitivetotheeloquenceofrestraint.Sheseesin ittheexpressionofloveandesteem. Ayoungmanwillmost surelywintheheartofagirlif heplacesheruponherrightful pedestalofinnocenceandmodesty.-Condensedfromthe"Tram ilyDigest."

WEAVER&LOCK

HIGH-CLASSAERATEDWATERS

Wednesday,November1 1966.

NEWWORLDFORCHRIST

StressedbyIreland'sPrimate.

Catholicsshouldbeparticularly activeinthesedaysandcome outintotheopentobuildanew worldforChristandstriveforthe peaceofChrist,ArhbishopJohn D'Alton,PrimateofAllIreland, toldapublicmeetinginDundalk, wherehewasenthusiasaicallywelcomedontheoccasionofhisfirst officialvisit.

Deploringthedisastrouseffect ofGodlesseducationinmany countries,thePrimatereferredto thedisillusionmentanddespairof thosewhothoughttheycould buildaparadiseonearthwithout referencetotheCreator,andin theendfoundthemselvesconfrontedbythehorrorsoftherecentwarandtheunspeakable horroroftheatomicbomb.

"Attimes,itlooks,"hesaid."as ifthestageweresetforanew andfiercerstrugglebetweenthe forcesofChristandanti-Christ.It maybethattheChurchinmins, countriesisdestinedtopass throughaperiodofunparalleled tribulations.Butinthelightof Christ'spromisewecanfacethe futurewithconfidence."

Theobituarynoticeofthe Churchhasoftenbeenwritten,he said,butsheisevergivingproof ofrenewedyouthandundiminishedvigour.

TheArchbishopdrovethrough thetowninanopenlandau, drawnbyfourblackhorses.

CATHOLICMARRIAGE COUNCIL

Priests,DotorsandLawyers

Assisting.

CardinalGriffin.Archbishopof Westminster,recentlyopenedthe firstofficeoftheLondoncentreof thenewCatholicAdvisoryCouncil. Theoffice,whichisalmostin theshadowoftheHousesofParliament,willprovideanentirely newserviceforCatholics.

Theaimofthecentreistogive expertadviceandhelpinthe spiritual,moralandphysicalproblemsofmarriage.

TheCardinalconsecratedthe officesofthecentretotheSacred Heart,andplacedtheworktindertheprotectionoftheHoly Family.Afurtherpatronofthe Council'sworkatthecentrewill beSt.ThomasMore,thesiteof whosehouseisonlyashortdistanceaway.

Manyoftheproblemswith whichtheCouncilwilldealareexpectedtocomefromreturning membersoftheForces.

Itishopedsimilarcentreswill besetupinotherlargecitiesand towns,eachwithasimilarpanel ofexperts,andallaffiliatedtothe workoftheCouncil.

TheCouncilwillhavethecooperationofreprsentativesofCatholicorganisationsandsocieties Whoseworkconcernsthefamily andyouth,alsotheservicesof priests,doctors,lawyers,gynaeologistsandpsychiatrists.

4it *AND

POPEPROPOSED1939 PEACETALKS

MFrancoisCharlesRoux,formerFrenchAmbassadortothe HolySee,disclosesinthe"Revue deParis"thatonMay5,1939fivemonthsbeforethewarbroke out--theHolyFatherurgedthe British,French,German,.Italian andPolishGovernmentstoconveneaconferencetoexaminethe disputesbetweenGermanyand PolandandFranceandItaly.All theGovernmentspolitelybutdefinitelydeclined.

TheBritishandFrenchForeign Ministers,LordHalifaxandM. GeorgesBonnet,answeredin termsfullofsympathybutwith-

outexpressinganypositiveacceptanceoftheHolyFather'sproposal,saysM.Charles-Roux.

Mussolinideclaredthattheinternationalsituationhadnot reachedapointtojustifysucha conference.

Col,Beck.Poland'sForeignMinister-whosepersonalrelations withtheVaticanwerecool-was reservedintone.

Hitleraffirmedwiththecalmestandmostreassuringtonethat therewasnodangerofwarwhatsoeverandthatthequestionof Danzigcouldneverleadtowar.

DiscussingtheHolyFather'seffortsattheendof1939andearly in1940tokeepItalyoutofthe oar,M.Charles-Rouxrecallsthe Pope'saddresstotheKingand QueenofItalyduringtheirstate visittotheVatican,inwhich HisHolinesscounselledapolicy notofatentativenon-belligerence butofdefiniteneutralitywhich mightplaceItalyinapositionto offeritshelpforthere-establishmentofpeace.

"IfthePope'scounselonthat dayhadbeenheeded"saysthe Frenchdiplomat,"neitherItaly northeHouseofSavoywould findthemselvesinthepositionin whichtheyarenow."

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haverenderedmerelyacademicthe-Leader"remarkedthatthose whotalkedoffindingasolution toPartitionthroughU.N,pres sureonBritain"wereengaging insomegamea make-believe fromwhichtheyhopetogain electoraladvantage"orwereunrealisticenoughtoentertainthe notion"thatEnglandwillbevulnerableintheU.N.toattacks whichwecouldnothavemade onherintheLeagueofNations."

The"Leader"pointsoutthatunlesstheNorthernIrish,whohave beeninthecountryforthreehundredyears,aretoberegardedas non4rish-aview,wemaynote inpassing,whichwouldleavethe caseagainstPatitionwithhardly alegtostandon-theproblem isprimarilyanIrishproblem,to besolvedprimarilyinIreland.

Weshallonlybecontinuingto humbugourselves.saysthe "Leader,"ifweimaginethatany circumstancescanhenceforth ariseinwhichBritainwillcoerce theSixCountieswiththeirsolid PartitionistmajorityintounwillingunionwiththeTwenty-six. Thekeytonationalreunion.and theonlykey,istosecureamajorityvoteintheSixCounties fortheabolitionofPartition.

Thismeansreconvertingasub stantialproportionoftheNorthernProtestantsandPresbyterianstotheideaswhichtheirancestorshelduntil179S. Thatis admittedlyalonganddifficult task.Butitmustbedone,and itmustengagethewholeattentionofthosewhoseekaunited Ireland:foruntilitisdone, neithertheU.N.norBritain,nor bothtogether,canbringtrue unitytoIreland.

WILLITALYHAVEtA GRIEVANCE?

ForthreeyearsItalywsaan enemy-fortwoyearsaco-belligerent,butatParistheAllied CommitteeontheItalianTreaty hasbeendecidingthecountry's claimsandfutureasthoughshe hadremainedanenemytothe end.

ThetermsbeinggrantedBulgaria,RumaniaandHungaryare onthewholemore'avowable.It isrightthatItalyshouldbeara burdenofreparationinsome form,but,indecidingthis,fullrecognitionshouldbegiventoher periodofco-belligerencyandthe lossessustainedinthatperiod.If Parisisbuttorepeatsomeofthe crassblundersofVersailles,Italy mayremainacountrywitha grievance-anunfortunate'attitudefortherestcftheworld.

M.Charles-Rouxhasthehighestpraisefortherelationsbetween theHolySeeandtheUnited StatesafterPresidentRoosevelt hadsentapersonalenvoytothe Vatican,Mr.MyronTaylor.

FromthemomentMr.Taylor presentedhiscredentialstothe HolyFather,"theactionsof WashingtonandoftheholySee wereco-ordinatedineachinstancethatjustifiedjointaction.

"FewpeopleinEuropewere awareoftheunionwhichwas functioningnnaspirituallevel betweenthetwoforcesWhich wererepresentedintheUnited StatesandtheHolySee."

THEU.N.ANDIRISH PARTITION

TheIrish"Leader"letahealthyblastoffreshairintoadusty cornerinitsissueofAugust10.

Commentingoncertainspeeches madeintheDailduringthedebateonseekingmembershipin theU.N.-atopicwhichMr. Gromylco'sactionmaybynow

ThatItalydeservessomeconsiderationisapparentfronttherecordcompiledbytheItalianGovernment,andacceptedascorrect byAlliedofficersofoccupation.

F)artheperiodimmediatelyfollowingthearmistice:

InCefaloniaand:sriti16,000 officersandmenfellfightingthe Germans,orweremassacredin coldbloodafterthesurrender: 540,000soldiersbetrayedbytheir generals,refusedtocollaborate withtheNazisandweresentto concentrationcampsinGermany 33,000diedofill-treatmentand starvation.

BENITOMUSSOLINI.

sions,with11,000sorties,and droppedover7,000bombs.

ThePartisanarmedbandsgrew to170,000men.Theylost26,000 killed,23,000missing-manysufferingindescribabletorture;17,243 civilians,includingwomenand children,werekilledbyNazi-Fascistsinreprisals(11,:.:1ofthem inmassexecutions)8,337civiliansweresenttoGermanconcentrationcamps.Atleast50,000 AlliedP.W.'swerefed,clothed andshelteredbyItalians,inspite ofthepenaltyofdeath. Thatrecordisaworthyone,and givesadequateproofoftheservicerenderedtotheAlliedcause. ItwasacontributionfromapeoplewhoafterfollowingAlliedinjunctionstogetrid-oftheirmasters,arenowtoberewardedwith atreatybasedonvindictiveness, notjustice.

CAMPAIGNAGAINST CARDINALHLOND

WarsawPuppetsSuppressing Opposition.

Adeliberatecampaignofinsult againsthisEminenceAugustCardinalMond.PrimateofPoland, isbeingwagedbythePolishProoaionalGovernment,according toreportsreceivedinLondon, which,saysaN.C.W.C.correspondentintheSanFrancisco "Monitor,"statethatwhenCardinalBlondtookoverhisnew SeeofWarsaw,civilauthorities boycottedtheceremonyandhad evenconsideredbanningit,and that+otherdiscourtesiesandobstaclesarebeingplacedconstant lyintheCardinal'sway.

OtherreportsfromPolandstate thatthereistalkwithinWarsaw Governmentcirclesofpostponing thePolishelectionswhichare statedtobeconductedthisyear, becauseofanti-Warsawfeeling manifestedintherecentreferendum.Statisticscollectedbynoncommunistsamongthe120,000 votingofficialsintherecentreferendum,reportsstate,showthat only16percent.votedinfavour oftheWarsawregime,Thestatistics,thereportsstate,werecollectedandsentsecretlytohead quartersoftheoppositionPolish PeasantParty.

SERBORTHODOXBISHOPS CONDEMNTITOREGIME,

GatesOpentoGodlessMovement

Recentnewsoftheanti-religiouspolicypursuedbytheCommunist-dominatedTitoregimein YugoslaviafindsadditionalconfirmationthroughapastoralissuedbyfiveBishopsoftheschismaticSerb-OrthodoxChurch, partsofwhichhavejustbeen publishedby"Kipa,"SwissCatholicnewsservice.

Thesigners,membersofthe SynodinBelgrade,refrainfrom opencriticismoftheJugoslavregime,buttheyimplyasevere indictmentbynostalgicallycomparingconditionsbeforethewar andregardingreligiouseducationoftheyoung,introductionof civilmarriageandfreedomof anti-religiouspropaganda.

Theletter,addressedtothe faithfulontheoccasionofthe OrthodoxfeastofEaster,was signedbytheMetropolitanand SubstituteforthePatriarch ArchbishopJoseph,whoisabsent, andtheBishopsIremej,Aemilian, JoannesandNectarus.

BeforeWar.

Theprelatesbeginbypointing outthatthecompleteseparation ofChurchandStatehasbeeneffectedbytheTitoregime.They recallthegoodrelationsexisting betweenChurchandStatebefore thewar,whenreligiousteaching wasobligatoryinStateschools, henpupilswereobligedtoattendchurchservicesandreligiousholydayswerealsoobservedintheschools.Chaplains wereservinginthearmy,which alsorespectedreligiouscustoms. Beforethewarallmarriageswere performedbythechurch.

FatalPolicy.

"To-day,thingsarealtogether different."theOrthodoxBishops declare."Religiousteachingis nolongerobligatory,civilmarriagehasbeenintroduced,with theStaterefusingtorecognise anyothermarriage,thereareno morechaplainsinthearmy,and religiousceremoniesarenolonger takingplaceonournationalholidays,aswasformerlythecustom."

Thepastoraldeclaresittohe "notonlytypicalbutdefinitely fatal"thatinJugoslavia"the gateshavebeenopenedtoantireligiouspropagandaandtothe Godlessmovement,withcomplete freedomofpropagandaforthose whoholdreligiontobenotonly unnecessaryhutevenoutrightinjurious."

FromSeptemberS.1943.onward,theItalianarmsfighting theGermanslost20,432killed, 19,171missinginaction11,628 wounded.TheItaliannavycarriedout64warmissionsand335 specialmissions.Italianshipsescorted1,587Alliedconvoys,totalling10,217ships.Mine-sweepers andanti-submarineunitscovered morethan400,000miles(unofficial lossesinpersonnelwere5,800).

TheremnantsoftheItalianAir Forcescarriedoutover4,000rnis-

It'alsoisreportedthatmany amongthepro-Warsaw16per cent.wereforcedtocasttheir votesagainsttheirconvictions Largedetachmentsofsoldiers,it issaid,votedunderthesupervisionoftheirofficers,andamong manycivilians,particularlyinvillages,theballotingwasnotsecret.Itisallegedthatmanyof thesecastpro-Warsawvotesout offearofreprisals.ItisestimatedinLondonthatacta CommunistsinPolandnumber onlyabout3percent.ofthepopulation.

Reportsstatethatnewspapers oftheoppositionPeasantParty havebeencurtailedandcensuredandthatabout3,000members ofthePartyhavebeenarrested. PolishcirclesinLondongenerallyassumethatCommunists werebehindtherecentKielce massacreofJews,whiletheWarsawGovernmentthroughofficial propagandahasaccused"Fascist elements"

By FrancisGilbert

BYRNES'POLICY PREVAILS

Withthelighttreadofanelephant,Mr.Wallace,ofUSA.,has trippedintotheinternational scene,andhasbeenwelcomedjoyouslybyapreviouslyhard-pressed Russia.

Mr.Byrnes,inhisspeechon GermanydeliveredatStruttgart, hadclearedtheatmosphere.He hadabandonedthelatePresident Roosevelt'swar-timeappeasement policytowardsMoscow,and, standingalongsideBevin,hadannouncedtoEuropethattheUnitedStatesdidnotcontemplateretiringtothesidelines,butwould playadecisiveanddefinitepolicyinEuropeandwouldleadthe democraciesandconsolidatethem.

EffectsofStuttgartSpeech.

Democrats,evenbehindtheIron Curtain,tookheartandproceededtolookmorehopefullytothe future.Moscowradioandsatellitestationsbegantoblareviciously.

ThepositionItlylotovhadbeen stormingtoprevefithadndw comeabout.BritainandU.S. wereweldedinasolidblocwhich lookedlikerapidlybecominga Westernbloc.

Satellitestates,Hungary,Roumania,PolandandFinland,were nownolongerbastionsthrustinto aDemocraticEuropecutofffrom Americanindustrialandmilitary strength,but,onthecontrary, nowbecomeuneasyoutpostsof Russia'sidealogicaldefences.

Italy,Greece,Turkeyandthe ArabStates,notingtheAnglo-US. line-up,couldbeexpectedtotake theircuealso.

ButthekeypointinByrnes's speechwasanatitudeheadopted towardsGermany.Throughhim theU.S.pledgedthatGermany shouldbecomeaStateoncemore andthatthoughAlliedcontrol mustcontinue,withAlliedoccupy-

ingforces,governmentbyoccupationwouldend.

ThepresentGermany,inwhich thearmieshavepriorityofall civilianneedsandrights,must(accordingtoMr.Byrne)bereplacedbyaGermanywhichhousedoccupationforces,butwhichwas ruledby.aGermanCivilianGovernmentwhoserightsinallbut strictlymilitarymatters,held priority.

RooseveltWouldDestroyGermany.

Thiswasacompletereversalof thelatePresidentRoosevelt'spolicytowardsGermany.InRoosevelt'seyestheonlysolutionfor peacewasthedestructionofGermanyasaState.Hebelieved this,notfrommotivesofrevenge, butbecausewithhisfriendStalin heconsideredaneconomicallyrevivedGermanywouldbeamenace.

Inhiseyesitwouldbetoo strongtotrusttoStalin'sinfluenceandtoostrongforStalinto trusttoAmericaninfluence.The solutionwastodestroyGermany andleaveaEuropeanwastewhich couldnotbenefitRussiaorAmerica,but'whichwouldleavethem nicelybalancedinapeacefulopposition.

Rooseveltevidentlyfelt GermanyandEuropehadto sacrificedto preventAtomic WarbetweenthetwoGreatPowers.Byrnesdecidedthatpeace couldbeobtainedwithoutpaying suchanunjustandterribleprice. RussiastilladvocatedtheRooseveltideal-untilthecorrectrevolutionarystagehasbeenreachedintheWest,whenshewillproceedalongnew"Partylines."

Mr.Byrnes'spolicytendstoupsettheKremlinapplecart;but,as usuallyhappens,theCommunists havethesamehappyknackas theNazisoffindingstaunchsupporterswithintheopposition camp.

Mr.Wallace,speakingtoaleft Wingaudience,attackedBritain,

calledfurRustian'friendship" (appeasement),andstartedoffon theoldRooseveltlines,Mr.Trumanwassupposedtoendorsethe speech,butlaterrescindedand statedheonlyendorsedMr.Wallace'srighttomakesuchaspeech Wallace-andpossiblyTruman wholikeMr.Byrners,areDemo: crats-fearedthattheir14year oldmajoritymightbelessenedby thenewgrowthofAmericanLabour(whichmightwithholdthesupportithasgiventheDemocratic PartysinceRoosevelt'sNewDeal.

DidTrumanReadtheSpeech'!

Mr.Wallacemodeananti-Britishspeechtoaleftwingaudience. Farfromsatisfyingthesepro. Russians,heearnedcatcallsfor nutbeingsufficientlyextremein hispro-Stalinanti-Britainattitude.

Trumai'speculiarattitudeisprobablybestexplainedbytheLondon"Times"correspondentwho daringlysuggeststhatTrumanendorsedthespeechwithoutreading it.

Fortunately,however,thtRepublicanshaverefusedtoexploit theopeningindomesticpolitics andarestillunitinginsupportof ByrnesthroughtheirParisrepresentativeVandenberg.

'InspiteofMoscow'shopes, Americaisstillpursuingthe Byrnes'line,tothediscomfiture ofTito'sMr.Kardelj,whostuck hischinoutoverTriesteandhad itseverelyrappedbyU.S.SenatorConnally.

ByrnesthisweekfightsdeterminedlyforanindependentTrieste underastrongGovernorresponsibletotheUnitedNations;and inspiteofWallacediversions, Russiaisgettingnofurtherwith herplanfora"FreeTrieste" whichwouldbeopentobecomees CommunistasFreeDanzigbecameNazi-andwithsimilarresults.

Americastillstandsfirminits r.ewly-definedForeignPolicy.

-000--

THESLICINGOFPOLAND

Accordingtowell-informedAmericancircles,RussiaiscontemplatingchangingeherpolicyinEuropebysupportingGermanyat theexpenseofPoland.That wouldmeantherecessiontoGermanyoftheeasternterritories lostbyhertoPolandafterthe war.As-compensation,thereturnofpartofE.GaliciatoPolandhasbeenmentioned.EasternGaliciaisaprovincewhich neverbelongedtoRussiaand whichwasacquiredbyherafter theYaltaAgreement.

cent.Poles;28.0percent.Jews: 6.1percent.others. Duringtheperiod1939-40,Russiadeportedfromtheseeastern provincesapproximatelyIfmillionsoftheinhabitants.

AsiaticRussiaforciblysenttolive onPolishland.

Lithuania'sFate,

77BARRACKSTREET-PERTH PHONEB3511

WeincorporatewithustheOpticalPracticesofOPTICALSUPPLIES(W.A1,LTD., OPTICALPRESCRIPTIONS(W.A.I LTD., FOY&GIBSON'SOPTICALDEPARTMENT, M.P.RYAN,Optometrist(lateOrientBuildings), AndHOLLYWOODMILITARYHOSPITAL.

AsaresultoftheYaltaAgreement,thefollowingpartofPoland,territoryandinhabitants, wastakenbytheSovietUnions: Area:67,800squaremiles.Population:11,970,000

LvovandVilno,tonamethe largesttownstakenbyRussia,consistedin1939of:Lvov:312,200inhabitants,ofwhich63.5percent Poles;24.1percent.Jews:12.4 percent,others.Vilno:105,100 inhabitants,ofwhich65.9per

MillionsMoved.

Ascompensation,Polandgot about47,000squaremilesofland intheWest,landcompletelyde. vestated,hostile,andalmostimpossible.toliveinunderpresent conditions.Thegreatmajorityof thePolesfromEasternPoland, alsomanywhoweredeportedto theU.S.S.R.,havebeenshiftedto thesenewterritoriesintheWest.

AccordingtofiguresissuedbythePolishStateRepatriation Office,onJune20,1946,fourmillionPoleshadbeensettledinthe newterritories.Ofthese1,800,000wererepatriates,and1,850,000 wereresettledfromtheEastor returnedfromRussia.ByAugust28,thenumberbadrisen;the "ManchesterGuardian"correspondentreportsondate."More than5millionPoleshavealready settledintheseterritories.By nextyear,whentheremaining 1,500,000Germansareexpectedto leave,thenumberofPolesisto bebroughtupto7million."

Warsaw'sForeignPolicy.

Thewholeforeignpolicyofthe Warsawregimewasbasedupon thegenerosityoftheSovietUnion inaccordingPolandhersharein thefruitsofvictorybycedingto hertheEasternprovincesofthe formerThirdReich.

TheterritoryofEasternGalicia, asproposedbytheSupremeCouncilin1919,consistsofapproximately12,800squaremiles.Its populationwas:Poles:2.074,000: Jews:519,000:Others:2,910,000.

Since,however,,Russiaoccupied theseprovinces,practicallyevery singlePolehasbeendeportedand inhabitantsfromthedepthsof

If,then,theserumoursprove well-founded,itwouldmeananotherimmenseshiftingoftheunfortunatepeoplewhohaveonce alreadybeensentfromallpartsof Poland,aswellasfromRussia,to whichtheywerepreviouslydeported;itwouldmeanafurther cutinthesizeofPoland,which wouldprobablyleadtothefame fateasbefelltheLithuanianRepublicin1940which,afterbeing graciouslyaccordedthetownof Vilno,wasverysoonabsorbedinto theUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics.

Fromtheinternationalpointof viewthismoveshouldbewatched asanotherefforttobuildupa strongCommunistGermany.which mayturnnotonlyawinstPoland, butalsoagainstthebigAngloSaxonPowers

FromSiberia.

Thedeportationandshiftingof theroleshasbeendescribedbya correspondentofthe"Glasgow Herald,"recentlyinPoland,as follows:

"Theyarecomingfrombeyond theUrals,fromSiberia,and otherdistantpartsofthe U.S.S.R.Theyarepitifullybewildered,peniless,illclad,andfrequentlyinillhealth,thougheuphemisticallyreferredtointhe controlledPolishpressas"emigrcnts.thefactisthattheywere forciblydeportedfromtheir homesinshockingconditons.

"Yearsofforcedlabourincollectivefarmsandthevastforests ofRussiahavetakentheirtollof life,health,andstrength.Among alltherefugeeswhoaremoving backwardsandforwardsoverEurope'schangingfrontiers,fewcan bemorepatheticthanthePoles returningfromtheirlongexilein theEast."

ARTHURE.DAVIES&CO. FuneralDirectorsandEmbalmers

Partners:WallaceA.H.GreenandGeorgeB.

Mission.Sundayat St.Mary'sCathedral

InspiringSermonbyDr.Sullivan

OnMissionSunda',October20, RevDr.Sullivanpreachedthe followingsermonatthePromoters'RallyinSt.Mary'sCathedral: "AndJesusdrewnearandspoke tothem,saying,allpoweris giventomeinheavenandon earth.Go,therefore.andmake disciplesofallnations,baptisingtheminthenameofthe Father,andoftheSonandof theHolyGhost,teachingthem toobserveallthatIhavecommandedyou;andbehold,Iam withyoualldays,evenunto theconsummationoftheworld."

-Matt.28.1520.

TheScene.

AmountaininGalilee,which hadbeendesignatedbyOurLord.

Thereweregatheredtheeleven apostlesandallthefaithfulwho couldbegatheredfromJerusalem andJudeaandGalilee.St.Paul tellsusthatmorethanfivehtmdredwerethere.

Jesusappearedandtheepos tiesfelldownbeforeHim.

TheMandate.

Rolf,Peter,Ronald,James,Neil, John,Frank,'Joseph,Michael, Thomas. Standard1V,:Mary,Anne,Brigid,Joseeph,Kevin,Patrick,Jude, Oliver.

Bridget.AileenParker:Eileen Infants:Rita. StandardI.:Teresa, PresentationConvent,"Iona," MosmanPark(64)

CARDINALON_MARRIAIE

theurgeoftheDivineLifewithinHer,theurgetopreachthe Gospelwhereitwasnotknown, tocarrythelightofFaithinto thedarkplacesofpaganismand infidelity,tocontinuethefulfilment'ofOurLord'smandate, ThePresentDay.

To-dayCatholicmissionariesare foundinthefar-flungForeignMissionsoftheChurch;thisisan ageofgreatMissionaryendeavour. AndweinAustraliashouldhave aparticularinterestinthismissionaryendeavour,sincesomany oftheMissionlandsarenearour ownshores,e.g.,theMissionsof thePacificOcean;andsinceit seemsthatitwillbe,intheyears tocome,thedestinyoftheAustralianChurchtoevangelisethese lands,atleastingreatpart.

OurDuty.

Jesusspoketotheapostles;He gavethemamandate,amandate ofsupremeimportance;invirtue ofHispower-"allpowerinheavenandonearth"-HecommandedthemtopreachtheGospel throughouttheworld:"Go,thereforeandmakedisciplesofallnations;"andHemeantthiswork togoonforalltime:"AndbeholdIamwithyoualldays.even untotheconsummationofthe world."

TheFulfilment.

Itisamatterofhistorythat theapostlescarriedoutthismandate.AfterPentecosttheydispersedthroughouttheworldtopreach theGospel,tomakedisciplesfor ChristtheirLord:inthepagesof historyweseetheInfantChurch emerge,againstthebackground oftheGraeco-Romanworldasa visibleSociety;Christiancommunitiesflourishedinthecities,often withsmallerruralcommunitiesatnichedtothem,andbecamethe earlydiocese;eachcommunity haditschiefpastor,anapostleor oneappointedbyanapostle,the, earlyBishops.TheChurchwas established.

MissionaryActivities.

ThereforeitisourdutytofostertheworkofCatholicMissions -toacceptthisdutyasanormal partofourCatholiclife-tofulfil bymeansofconstant,earnest prayer.bymeansoflabourand self-sacrifice.

StandardV.:LeslieJacyson: Joseph,Anthony.JoanMackie: Josehine,Barbara.RexSermon: Michaeel.PaulineSmythe:Ann. lielenButler:PaulJohnTondut:John.EliTreloarJohn. BarbaraMcManus:Therese.Ann Alderslade:Pauline,Elizabeth. NoraTravers.Joseph.Mollie Higgins:7,ernadeettee.Frank Flynn:Peter.TrixieO'Neill: Therese, StandardsVI.andVII.:Catherine,Agnes,Bernadette,Monica, Tereesa.Rita,Margaret,Cecilia, Rose,Mary,VeronicaPeter,Paul, JosephsFrancis,Michael.John, Patrick,Joseeph,Beernard.

SeniorSchool:Margaret,Peter, Elina,Denis,Therese,Riccardo, Dorothy,RaymontBernadette, Anthony,Nelson,Joseph,Paul, Martin,Michael,Patrick,'Anne, Maria,Anthony,Paul,Josephine, Carmel,Imelda,Agnes,Margaret, Rita,Helen,Stephen,Rose,John, Eileen,Therese.

JuniorSchool:Michael,Joseph, Mary,John,Anthonyy,Simon, Jude,Francis.Therese,Ruth, Sarah,Honora,Philomena,Patricia,Carmel,RodneyClement, Margaret,Helen,Josephine,Peter, Paul,Agnes,Cecilia,Eileen,May, William,GordonPamela,flernalette,ChristinePauline.

St.Patrdiccmfwfifivwshrdlup

St.Patrick'sSchool, Waroona(WO): School:Michaeel,Gerard,Mary, John,Joseph,Patna:Kevin, Kieran.Veronica,,f21,ph' 9rargaret,Rose,Anthony,Cecilia,Monica,Marie,Robeert,Denis,Kathleen,Maureeeen,Gertrude,Patricia,Clare,Dominic,Stella,Raymond,Winifred,Anne,Timothy, Helen,Brenda,Joan,Lotus,Jeans Brian,Judith,Dorothy,Austin, Theresee,Lucy,'Miriam,Evelyn, Sylvia,Pauline.Paul,Peter,Edward,Catherine,Imelda,Ireene, James, Dominic. Geraldine, George,Bernatetfc.Christina, Harold,William,Daniel,Basil, Benedict,Frederick,Cornelius, Clement, Marion. Lawrence, Thomas,Aloysius,Stephen,Liugi, Leo,Bernard,Madeliene,Philomena,Oswald,Jude,Elizabeth, Desmond,Joseeph,Teresa,Edith, Margaret,Justine;John.

You,towhomIspeak,arepromotersofagreatMissionAidSociety-theSocietyofthePropagationoftheFaith.Youhaveit withinyourpowertoconsecrate apartofyourlifetotheworkof fosteringtheMissions.You canprayeveryday,youcan preachbythegoodexampleof yourownmanifestinterestinthe Missions,youcanrecruitother helpersasmembersoftheSociety.ThisisyourpartinthefulfilmentoftheDivineMandate. Playthispartwithgenerous hearts,inaspiritofdeepfaith, withtrueCharity.AndGodwill blessyouandblessyourwork withabundantfruits."AndbeholdIamwithyoualldayseven totheconsummationofthe world."Amen.

JohnWalmsley:John,Peteer, JamesMichaeel.AileenRafferty: Anne,Michael.MarieRafferty: Therese,Helen.AnneCrorican: Elizabeth.,KathdeenDawerMary. DennisMcCrory:Augustine.Anne DeRosa:Elizabeth.Bari'Gia notti:Veronica,PatriciaWyatt: Cecilia.MaureeenFitzpatrick: Margaret.,TohnSalerian:Louis.

St.Patrick'sSchool,York(8):

ValerieFlack:Mary,Valerie, Laurence,John. StandardsIII.andIV.:Peter, Paul,Elizabeth,Cecelia.

SacredHeartSchool,Narrogin (6):

Mary,Dorothy,Michael,James, Pauline.

St.Joseph'sCollege,Fremantle StandardsI.andII,:29. StandardsIII.andIV.:4. StandardsV.andVI.:6

"Itisimpossibletomaintain moralstandardsunlesswehold firmlytoacreed,"saidHisEminenceCardinalGriffin,attheopeningofthenewLondoncentreof theCatholicMarriageAdvisory Councilrecently.

UnlesstheyinEnglandwere preparedtoreturntothestandard-ofthemoralcodethey wouldfindnorealorsatisfactory solutiontotheirproblems.Unlesstheirprivatelivesandpersonalrelations.theirfamily,and nationallife,andinternationalrelationswerefoundedontheprinciplesofthemoralcode,they couldnothavepeaceandconcord, butchaosanddisaster.

Trueeducationinparenthood shouldpointoutthepurposeof life,andexplainthespiritualintellectualandphysicalrelationshipswhichweretoberegulated betweenmanandwife,andbetweenparentandchild.Such teachingwouldimpartlessonsof self-control,unselfishnessandgenerosity,andtheneedoftheworshipofGod.

Divorce-Defeatist.

St.Joseph'sSchool,Queen'sPark (3):

VelmaVarischetti:PeterJohn.

LenaZanotte:ImeldaMar.

KathleenMcKay:Michaelfohr, St.Mary'sConventSchol,Maylands(10):

Infants:MargaretMary,Norman,Vincent. StandardsIII.andIV.:Mary, John,Peter, StandardsV.andVI.:Teresa

Mary,Anne.John,Patrick.

St.Anne'sConventSchool,North Fremantle(2):

MauriceCorkhill: Maurice, Kevin.

SacredHeartConvent,Wagin (12):

Mary,Lucy,JacintaFrancis, udith,Denise.Peter,Patricia, Gregory,Hilda,Valery,John..

CATHOLIC MISSIONS

81St.George'sTerrace,Perth.

DiocesanOffice: Telephone:B2648.

Theworkoftheapostlesand theirsuccessorsdidnotstopat this,wasnotconfinedtothiswork ofestablishmentandconsolida tion.Togetherwithit,there wentonthepreachingoftheGospelinotherlands,andfromeach community,orfromeachcountry, missionarieswenttospreadthe trueFaithstillfurther;theywent, duringtheearlycenturies,tocountriesonthefringeoftheGreat Empire,ortobarbarianracesbeyonditsborders;sometimespagankings,orkingswhothemselveshadbeenconvertedfrompatsnism, formissionariesto besent.SometimestheVicarof eThristhimselfsentthemforth. PopeGregorysentSt.Augustine attheheadofabandofmonksto England.SometimestheCharityofChrist"inspiredamanto greatendeavoursonbehalfofpeoplewhomheknewtobestill"in darknessandintheshadowof death."Patrickreturnedtohis life'sworkinIrealnd.

Alwaysthevigourandvitality oftheChurchhasbeenshownby

PERTHFISHERIES

489WellingtonSt.,Perth. FishandPoultrySupplies. WholesaleandRetaIL

Phone:BbA92,CitYDeliveries. CountryTrdersCateredFor.

I

St.Joachim's,VictoriaPark,Heads OctoberListforRansomof BlackBabies.

St.Joachim'sCollege,Victoria Park(118):

Anne,Veronica,Cecilia,Patrick,Theresa,Margaret,Imelda, Frances,Monica,Helena,Rose, Anthony,Mary,Catherine,Agnes, Gregory,Bernadette,Margaret Mary,Michele,Aloysius,Brigid, Genevieve,JohnBreidan,Peter, Thomas,Joseph,Vincent,Paul, Michael,Stephen,Francine,Mary, Margaret,'Anne.Theresa,Rose, Veronica,Kathleen.

St.Joachim'sSchool,Victoria Park(118):

Infants:Joseph,John,Pius, Peter,Leo,Paul,Patrick,Mary, Therese,Agnes,Margaret,Clare, Rose,Claudette.

FtandtardI.:Joseph,Thomas, Michael.John,Christopher,James, Patrick,Peter,Mary,Margaret, Elizabeth,Therese,Winifred,Patricia,Claire,Cecilia.

StandardII.:Mary,Mary,Mary, Ann,Elizabeth,Margaret,Katherine.Teresa,Cecilia,Agnes,Joseph,James,John,Anthony,Francis,Martin,Aloysius,Eugene, ChriMarriott:Peter,John.

Standard Joan,Margaret, Mary,Carmel,Patricia,Teresa, Anne,Heleen,Frances,Kathleen,

St.Joseph'sSchool,Manjimup (74): Brian,Joan,Mary,Bernadette, Zita,Julio,Joyce,Margaret,Agatha,MaryAlfred,Patricia,Helen, Catherine,Margaret.Rose,Frances,Mary,Margaret,Lucy,Roma, John,Joan,Marie,Ann,Tereesa, Phillip,Theerese,CeceliaAnn, Francis,'Brendan.Ann,Patrick Anthony,John,Joseph,Marie Therese,BarbaraMaureeen,Julia, Joseph,'MaryAnn.Philomena Rose,Patrick,Mary,Jorn,James Henry,Evelyn,Nola.Joseeph, WilliamJoseph,Jean,Mary, Peter,BernardCharles,Shirley, Nora,Michael,Peter,Grace, Maine,George,MargaretRuth,Patricia,Pauline,James.Margaret, Kathleen,Patrick,Brian,Anthony,Joseph,Keith,Murray, Patrick,Bruce,Anne.James, SacrtedHeeartConvent,Ratanning(40); BerylPorteous:Alphonsus.MargaretBliss:Frances.JoanNagel: Peteer.PatGalloway:Elizabeth.PatO'Neill:Lynette.ValmaiWard:David.NeilaRowley:Anne.MayBilney:Andrew. GwenNeeilson:Thomas.Audrey Shearman:Rose.DawnNeil. son:Charles.MaureenKing: Raymond.JudyNorrish:Fin ces.MargaretTeovey:Agatha JoanMcIntyre:John.;BettyMur phy:Johanna.MarySolomon: Richard.MargareetBoyd:Paul NoeleeneWhite:Kathdeen.FrancesClarke:Joseph.JulieNoo nan:TereesaAnnette. 6/Orley Nagel:JohnJoseeph.MaryNoonan:PeterCelsus.AnnGallo. way:'AnnetteMary.JeanPorteous:JosephPatrick.Frances Hagan:PeterJohn.MichaeelNoonan:MichaelPatrick.Brenton O'Brien:Joseph.LesleyShearman:MaryAnn.NoreenMc. Auliffe:StephenJohn.JoyCruickshank:PatrickJoseeph.Yvonne Wooldridgee:Kevin.GretaMur. phy:Mary.PatriciaBurgess: Bernadeette.JanetteWhites Teresa.PatriciaTurner:CatherineTereesa.DenseNeilson:Rita

St.Joseph'sSchol,Fremantle StandardsI.andIftifi

Thesolutionoftheproblemof theunhappymarriagewasnotdivorce.Divorcewastheadoptionofadefeatistpolicy,and couldendonlyinmoraldisaster. Itnotonlydestroyedthesanctity ofthemarriagebond,butthe pledgedwordofpromise.

Headded:"TheCatholicChurch teacheshowmaritalrelationsare tobeconductedandcondemnsthe useofcontraceptivesasbeingcontrarytoChristianteaching.Every priestanddoctorknowshow manymoralquestionsareinvolvedinthepracticeofmedicineand bownecessaryitistohavefine directionfromtheChurch."

ItwasbecauseCatholicsdesired tofindasolutiontotheirproblemsinaccordancewiththe teachingofChristthattheCentrewasbeingopened.TheCe'ntrewouldendeavourtokeepthe needofsuccessfulmarriagesand parenthoodinthemindsofall concerned.byeveryavailablemethod.

ConfirmationAdministeredandNew PresbyteryOpenedatDalwallinu

LordAbbotCelebrates MassandPreaches

OntheFeastofChristtheKing, Sunday,October27,HisLordship theAbbotofNewNorciaconferredtheSacramentofConfirmation andblessedand'openedthenew PresbyteryatDalwallinu.

AbbatialHighMass,attended bysome200people,wassungby HisLordship,assistedbyRev. FatherPhilip,0.S.B.,P.P.,and FatherPeter,0.S.B.,at9.30a.m.

GirlsofSt.Joseph'sConventand theirteachersmeritedhighpraise fortheirrenderingofDomMoreno's"MissaNona,"andatthe endofMasshis"HymntoChrist theKing."TheimpressveliturgyoftheHighMass,something newforDalwallinu,andtheLord Abbot'ssermon,werefollowedintentlybythelargecongregation.

AfterMassHisLordshipexplainedthesignificanceoftheSacramentofConfirmation,andurgedthecandidatestoco-operate with,andbeworthyofthegraces availablefromthecomingofthe HolyGhostupontheft.

Therewere23candidates,of whomfivewereadults,including twoconverts,thesponsorsbeing twooldresidentsoftheparish,Mr. endMrs.JohnO'Shea.

LatertheSistersofSt.Joseph providedadaintyrepastforthe confirmedchildren,whodidfull justicetothegoodthingsplaced beforethem.

At1p.m.about80parishioners satdowntoasumptuousdinner inhonouroftheLord.Abbotand visitingclergy,inthesupperroom

oftheTownHall,Greatpraise isduetotheladieswhoprepared thebanquet,andthecommittee whoorganisedit.

Followngthe"Prayerforthe Pope"andthetoastof"The King,"thechairman.Mr.L.McComish,proposedthetoastof "TheLordAbbot."

Stressingtheinterestshownby HisLordshipinthewelfareofhis peopleandtheprogressofthe parishonersunderhim,heexpressedthehopethattheywould againbehonouredbyhispresence andinspiredbyhiswordswhen furtherparochialbuildingsrequiredblessingandopening.

HisLordship,inreply,thanked thespeakerforhispraiseand goodwishes,andcongratulated FatherPhilipandhisparishioners who,undergreatdifficulties,had accomplishedsomuch.Heurged themtocontinuetheirinterest andsupport.andmakeDalwallinuthebestequippedparishin theDiocese.

Mr.J.Flynn,inprososingthe toastof"TheClergy,"gaveunstintedpraisetotheParishPriest, FatherPhilip,O.S.B.Father Philipspokeofthecooperation andincreasinginterestofhispeopleintheaffairsoftheparish. andoutlinedfutureplansfora newChurchandSchool,andextensionstotheover-taxedConvent.

"TheVisitors"wereablytoastedbyMr.J.Hardwick(Buntine), and"TheLadies"receiveddue

INTERNATIONALFISHERIES

131BarrackSt.PhoneB2974

FRESHFISHTWICEDAILY. DELIVERIESANYWHERE. SupplierstoHospitals,EducationalandReligiousInstitutions. WearetheoldestandlargestFishDistributorsinWesternAustralia FRESHROASTEDPOULTRY.

AUSTRALASIANCATHOLICASSURANCE

Co.,Ltd.

THE"A.C.A."

A.C.A.BUILDINGS,KINGST.,SYDNEY.

AssetsExceed£1,750,000.

ALLCLASSESOFLIFEANDENDOWMENTASSURANCE POLICIESTRANSACTED.

SAFEGUARDTHEFUTURE

BRANCHOFFICESINALLSTATES. W.A.Office "WarwickHouse,"St.George'sTer.,Perth. P.ENGELBRECHT,ResidentSecretary.

MEN'SWEAR

SUITS,OVERCOATS,SPORTSCOATS,TROUSERS, UNDERWEAR,HATS,SHOES,Etc

WALSH

THEBIGSTOREFORMENANDBOYS.

CENTRALHAYSTREET

praisefromMr.J.GattiIPitharai. Mrs.Connollyrepliedonbehalfof theladies.

OPENINGOFPRESBYTERY.

At3.30p.m.HisLordshipblessedthenewPresbytery,after whichtheassembledcrowdmoved totheshadysideofthebuilding.

OntheverandahwiththeLord AbbotwereRev.FathersPhilip, 0.S.B.,P.P.;Placid,P.P.(Goomailing),Hynes.P.P.(Moora), Cameron,P.P.(Wyalkatchem); Ramiro,O.S.B.,Peter,O.S.B.,E. Ros(NewNorcia),andRev.BrothersEthelredandHilarion (S.I.C.,NewNorcia).Mr.L.MCCornishintroducedthespeakers.

Rev.FatherPhilip,O.S.B.,P.P., pointedoutthepastdifficulties whichhadbeensurmounted,and hisplansforthefuture,whichincludegreatlyincreasededucational facilitiesforDalwallinu.He thankedall,especiallytheSistersofSt.Joseph,whohadgiven himgreathelp.Doingmuchof theworkhimself,thenewPresbytery,whichwouldhavecostmore. than£1200ifalllabourhadbeen paidfor,hadbeenerectedata costof£575.

HisLordship,theAbbot,congratulatedtheParishPriestand parishionersofDalwallinuon theirexcellentworkindifficult times,andassuredthemofhis encouragementandsupportinall theirfutureundertakings.Help hehadgiveninthepasthadbeen appreciatedbytheparishioners, andhefeltconfidentthat,althoughFatherPhilip'splanswere ambitious,thefullco-operationof thepeoplewouldenablehimto carrythemout. ,A suitable churchwasbadlyneededalsobetterschoolbuildingsandincreased accommodationforboarders.

Inviewofthefutureeducationalplansfortheparish,Father PhiliphadinvitedBrotherEthelred,DrectorofSt.Ildephonsus' College,NewNorcia,tospeakon CatholicEducation.

BrotherEthelredoutlinedthe historyofCatholicEducationin Australia,andstressedtheinjusticeofthesystem,wherebyCatholicspaidtaxestokeeptheirneighbours'childreninStateschools, andthenpaidagainfortheirown Catholicschools.Thegreatest praisewasduetotheCatholic peoplewhoatgreatcostandpersonalsacrificehadmaintained schoolstoteachnotonlysecular subjects,butalsoReligion.They realisedtheneedofreligionand werereadytomakesacrificesto getit.ReligiousteachingOrders weremakingllargecontributions too:but,saidthespeaker,theburdenisgrowingheavierandislikelytobecomeinsupportable.He hopedthatpeoplemightseethe justiceofCatholicclaiinsand grantthemsomerelief.

Rev,FatherCameron,P.P. (Wyalleatchem,offeredhiscongratulationstopastorandpeople, andmadetheappealforfunds, whichmetwithagoodresponse. Earlydonationsandtheofficial gaveatotalof£239is8d,which meansthatwiththefundsinhand thePresbytery'ispracticallyfree ofdebt.

FatherPhilipisdeeplygrateful toaFriend,whoverygenerously furnishedthewholePresbytery; andtotheO'Halloranfamily,who donatedtheCurtainssomuchadmiredbytheladiesandother items,likethesmokingstand,addingtothecomfortoftheplace. ManythanksarealsoduetoMr. J.Matthews,ofMundijongwho %en,kindlylenthistruckand,to-

getherwiththeLeahyboysof "Marne,"andMr.M.Flynncarted al:.thesandrequiredforthebuildir.gandtoMr.T.Joyce,whocartedallthe-water.Alsoto.Mr.E. T.Dickens,thearchitect,fora wellthoughtoutplanandwho,togetherwithMr.F.Boswelland Mr.D.O'Driscoll,wereresponsible forobtaningthematerialsforthe building.

Manythankstoall-parishioners andfriends,andtothoseincluded inthefollowinglist:

140:AFriend.

£25:Mr.T.McCann.

£20:AFriend. £15:Mr.J.Flynn.

£10each:Mr.F.Boswell,Mr.J. Quoin. f55seach:MaristBrothers,New Norcia;GoomallingChurchCommittee.

£5each:LordAbbot,NewNorcia;Mr.D.O'Driscoll,Mr.P O'Driscoll;Mr.J.Shea,Mr.W. Bolton,Mr.D.Roche. f42s6d:Mf.J.Sheiner. £33seach:FatherJ.Cameron, Rev.Mother,GoodShepherdConventMr.L.McCamish,. £3each:Mr.T.Leahy,Anonymous. £22 hFthPIid0SB seac aerac SistersofStJoseph,South Perth,PresentationSisters,Goo-theboystoaveryhighstandard.

maling,Mr.andMrs.R.Honner, Mr.CorryHonner,Mr.J.Flavell. f2each:FatherF.O'Connor. RedemptiristFathers,Sisters*1 StJoseph,NewNorth.,Mr.K. Flynn,Mr.J.Maley. fl5s:Mr.R.Harrington. flIseach:FatherE.O'Halloran,FathertIldephonsus,O.S.B., Messrs.W.Slater,P.Brewertoa' W.Byrne,R.Gleeson,L.White, V.Gatti. 11each:Messrs.G.Chitty,T. Ci-rter,H.Bowen,J.Gillan,A. Kilmurray,T.Browning,J.B. Gatti,II.O'Neill,W.Hopley,Gns Hallman,T.Joyce,J.Leahy,T. Murphy,I.McLernon,G.Jelly, MesdamesRive,Nelson,Hallman, MissK.Saunders,Mrs.Taylor. lOs6deach:Messrs.C.Doherty, MClyne,J.Enright,C.W.Cook. lOseach:BenedictineSisters, NewNorcia;Messrs.L.Cunning. ham,F.Hunt,J.Hardwick,Coe, Mrs.W.White,MissCroker. 2seach:Mrs.Bayliss,Mrs.Lawson. DuringtheafternoontheNew NorciaMissionBanddelightedthe audiencewithaverypleasant progremme.Creditisdueto Rev.E.Ros,O.S:B.,theirconductorandteacher,who,withgreat patienceandability,hasbrought

It'sHardtobeaNun!

B's'ONEOFTHEM.

(Condensedfromthe"Magnincat.")

DearLois,-

Youarewondering,youwrite, whetherornotyouhaveavocationtotheReligiouslife.You askmetotellyouifyouhave.I can't.NobodycantellyouexceptGod.Theanswerstomost ofyourquestionsaretreated quiteadequatelyintheleaflets Iamenclosing. Youaskonequestion,though, thatIshallanswerpersonally. "Isithardtobeanun?"Then Yougoontorestate-exactlythe samequestionindifferentwords: "Sister,areyoureallyhappy? Aren'tyouawfullylonelysometimes?Doyoueverwishyou hadn'tgoneto'theconvent?"

'Ofcourse,it'shardtobeanun! Perhapsofallhardthingsyou couldchoose,anun'swayoflife isthehardest.Ifyoubecomea Sister,youwillhavetoriseearly inthemorning,dayafterday. yearafteryear.Youwilllive bybellsthatawakenyouinthe morning,summonyoutochapel andprayer,callyoutomeals,and sendyoutobed.

Youwillhavetolearntoobey thewillofothers.Thatmeans youwilleatfoodsomeoneelse plansforyou,labourattasksassignedbyanother,andlistento readingsomeoneelsechooses, Youwillliveinpoverty.While youwillalwayshavesufficient food,clothing,andshelter,you willnothavethebest.You willgowithoutmanythingsthat mightbringyouease,pleasure, andcomfort.

Youwillliveinchastity.That isyouwilldenyyourselfthepleasuresthatyoumightlegitimately enjoyinmarriage.Butitgoes furtherthanthat.Forthesake ofChristyouwillrefuseyourself andyourbodymanyconcessions notatallwronginthemselves. Noonewillforcesuchrestrictions uponyou,youunderstand,butas aReligious,youwillseekthem. Idonotknowwhetheryouwill belonely.Idoknowtherewill betimesyouwillfeeldesolation beyondthepowerofanyhuman friendtoconsole.Ihaveknown thisoften.Butbeyondthatdesolation,Ihaveseenstandingthe figure'ofthelonely,forsaken,desolateChrist.WhenChristissuesHisinvitationtofollowHim, Hedoesnotsay,"Come,forIwill giveyoutheease,thecomfort, thepleasure,thatyourhumannaturedesires."Hesays,rather, 'Takeupyourcrossandfollow Me."

Perhapsyouareremembering thatHesaid,"Myyokeissweet, endMyburdenislight.'Hedid saythat.Buttoomany,when theyreadthosewords,thihkthat

ST.TERESAOFAVILA. thereisnoyokeandnoburden. Botharethere.butlovemakes themsweetandlight.

Supposeyouwereconsidering marryingsomeyoungmaninthe world,ratherthanunionwith ChristintheReligiouslife.Would yousaytoyourself,"Willmarried lifebehard?"No.Youmight expectsorrowandheartache, lonelinessandpain,eventragedy; butyouwoulddependonyour lovetocarryyouthroughanythingtheyearsmightbring.

Courage,bornoflove,isthe stuffthathascarriedmealongin theReligiouslife.Thecourage cannotfail,becausethelovecannotfail;foritisdivinelove.It hastaughtmetofacetheyears withjoyandlaughter.Of coursetherehavebeentearsand heartaches.'ButIhaveChrist, andhavingHim,Ipossessall things.

Ihavebeepanun27years.As Ilookbackonthoseyearswith serenity,IrealisethatIlooked forwardtothemwithmisgivings.

Iwasafraidthen,afraidthatit wouldbe"hardtobeanun."If IhadguessedthenwhatIknow now,howamazedIwouldhave been!Fortheyearshave broughtmethefulfilmentof Christ'spromise."thepeaceof Godwhichsurpassethallunderstanding,"andaglorytheworld cannevercomprehend.

Yes,itishardtobeanun, gloriouslyhard'IfIhadtodo itoveragain,knowingthepeace andsplendour,theloneliness, heartache,andutterdesolation thattheloveofChristhas broughttome,I'd why,I'd beanun!-Faithfullyyours, SisterChristine.

The Van or( theLAND

TheEuropeanPeasantand WorldFood

(Concluded.)

Politically,theEuropeanpeasantisinaspecificclass,distinct fromthebourgeois,professionalor industrialclassesinthepopulationTheaveragepeasantcomprehendsintricatecurrentsin politicsaslittleashegraspsspeculativedistinctions.Heisa politicalevolutionist,seldomarevolutionist.Heoutlivedfeudalismandserfdomandhashisown ideasabouttheformationofhumansociety,alwaysbasedonthe lawsofGodasheseesthem,but certainlyapartfromsocialism,fas*ism,nazism,communism.Itis thecitypeoplewhotrytoimplantthesepoliticalandeconomic theoriesuponthepeasant'smind, notviceversa.Ultimatelyany politicalsystemmustbreakif11 isinoppositiontotinepeasant. Thepeasantsarewellawarethat theyareindependentofthecities, whereasthecitiesmustdepend uponthem.Aneffectivepeasant strikemeansshortageoffoodand thisinturnsheenstheriseofa majorcrisisinanypoliticalsystem.

AftertheRussianRevolution of1917,thecountriesofEastand CentralEuropeimmediatelyintroducedsweepinglandreforms,The landsofthenoblesandthecrown werepartitionedinfavourof thosewhocultivatedthem.The Czechoslovak,Polish,Rumanian, YugoslavandBulgarianlandreformswereveryadvancedand comprehensive.Itisnoteworthy thatGermanyandHungary, whichrefusedtopartitionthe land,andEastPrussia,withits hugeJunkerestates,becamethe specialbreedinggroundsfornationalsocialism.

togrowingeconomicnationalism, whileunsoundtariffpoliciesin Europeitselfstrengthenedthe trend.Strongagrarianpolitical partieswerealogicaloutcomeof thestruggle.Thesepartiesoften embracedthemajorityofthe ruralmaterials,chieflybyeliminatingcompetitionthroughtariff wallsandexportsubsidies,The "GreenInternational"oftheBul-

Ofelsedependuponfoodimports fromoverseas.Itis doubtful whethereventheRussiantactics willsucceedingettingthepeasantstoproduceforpurelypoliticalpurposesorifthefarmsare tebeprogressivelycollectivised. Henceanewinternationaleconomicsituationisinthemaking.It hasnotbeensufficientlyforeseen inthecalculationsofthepost-war plannersorevenbythepeacemakers,Yetthefood-producing capacitiesofEurope,andthe natureandtemperoftheCentral Europeanpeasant,mustbetaken intoaccount.Thefoodshortage isheretostay,andtheUnited Stateswillhavetopayinfood, andpropablyinaloweredstand andofliving,forsurrenderingthe EuropeangranarytotheCommunists.

N.C.R.M.

RAMMING.

Fromthispointofviewtheoccasionwasalsoconsideredagreat success.Themenadmittedthat theirviewsonallthesubjectsdiecuissedwere'considerablytraitsformed,andthatralliesofthis kindoughttobeextended.

FatherRyansaid:

tohouse,cattleandtheirhouseholdbelongings. Itshouldbeemphaticallynoted thattheRussianswereunableto gothroughwiththerevolutionarychangesandlandreforms whichtookplaceinmostother Europeancountriesattheendof theeighteenthandduringthe nineteenthcenturies.TheBolshevikrevolutionwas,therefore, theviolentcounterpartofthe greatrevolutionswhichinthe period1789-1860hadchangedthe entiresocialbackgroundofEurope.TheRussianrevolutionassumedextraordinaryproportions becauseitaimedtoaccomplish atthesametimeallthesocial andeconomicchangeseffected cluingthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies.TheMarxianinfluence,moreover,waspresent, Lenin,whobuilthistheoriesand plansforscientificcommunism upontheideasofMarxandLasalle,adjustedthemtohispracticalexperienceofthe"Mir,"a factwhichheadmitsinhiswritings.The1917revolutionconfiscatedalllandandvestedthetitle inthenation.Individualpropertyholdingswereentirelyabol ished Thepeasants.especially the"kulaks"orpeasantswith largerholdings,werecompelled byforceorpersuasiontoleave theirlittlepropertiesandwere mademembersoflargecollective farms,"kolkhoz,"organisedonthe patternofthe"Mir."Thusthe Russianpeasantswerekeptoutof thestreamofeconomicdevelopmentswhichtookplacethroughouttherestofEuropeafter WorldWarI.

TheselandreformshadasalutaryeffectupontheEuropeanpeasantryandtheruralpopulation ingeneral.Standardsofliving wereraisedtoalevelsomewhat nearthatofotherpartsofthe population.Thisbroughttothe peasantryanewclass-andpolitical-consciousness.Underthe influenceofsocialisticparties,serioseattemptsweremadetoestabIshcollectivefarmc,onthepattern oftheRussian"kolkboz."Nearly.111ofthemhadlatertobeclosedandrepartitionedamongthe variousmembers,astheycould notstandthecompetitionofindividualfarmers.

TheRussianpeasant,whountil 1917formedupto85percent.of thepopulation,hasadifferentsocialbackgroundfromhispeasant colleaguesinotherpartsofEurope.Fromtheearlydaysof theformationandorganisationof primitiveRussianfamilytribes, theRussianpeasanthaslivedin communitiesknownas"Mir,"Livingin"Mir"representsaneconobicsystemmidwaybetweenhereditaryprivatepropertyandpure communism,denyingtherightsof individualfarmerstoprivateholdingsinland.Actuallytheland wasownedbycrown,noblesand Church,whiletheprivateproperty rightsofpeasantsextendedonly

FollowingthefirstWorldWar theoverseascountries,theUnited States,Canada,AustraliaandArgentina,continuedtoproduce foodonahugescale.Production schedules,acreage,equipmenthad allbeenraisedbythewartimedemand.Oncethewarwasover, surplusesmountedupandwere clumpedupontheinternational market.Thishadadisastrous effectupontheagriculturaleconomyoftheEuropeancountries. Theresultsweremostharmfulin thenewlycreatedDanubiancountriesofHungary,Rumania,Yugoslavia,Bulgaria.Countrieslike Poland.dependentuponfoodexportstomaintaintradebalances, alsosufferedandcouldnotmeet financialobligations.ThisupsettingoftheEuropeaneconomic balanceandthedisruptionofagriculturewentalongwaytoward conditioningpeoplefortheHitleriteGermany.TheDanubian countriesleanedmoreandmore uponGermanyeconomically,since shewastheonlyindustrialised countrywhich,byreasonofgeographicallocationandneed,was willingtotaketheiragricultural surpluses.

erwasRev.C.Cunningham.The celebrantwasRev.F.Byrne,deaconRev.E.McBride,andsubdeacon,FatherCostelloe.

FollowingBenedictionahigh teawasservedintheTwonHall, andaddressesdealingwithvariousaspectsofCatholicAction weregivenbyRev.E.Sullivan, D.D,D.Ph.,VeryRev.Dr.Goody, D.D..D.Ph.,Rev.E.McBride,and Rev.F.Ryan. DeanGilroy,ofAlbany.presided,andMr.TornClune,ofKatanning,actedaschairman.

RegionalRallyofMen. TherallyofmenoftheGreat SouthernDeanery,whichtook placeatKatanningonSunday', November3,seasagreatsuccess. MenfromAlbany,Katanning,Norrogin,andMt.Barker,withtheir parishpriests,metinKatanning garianpeasantleaderStarnbolisks,intimeforSolemnBenedictionat formedinoppositiontotheInter-3o'clock.TheoccasionalpreachnationaloftheProletariat,wasa co-operativeunionofpeasantpoliticalpartiesintheDanubian countries.Itwasoneofthelast attemptstofindasolutionforagriculturalsurplusesinaplan whichitwashopedtheWestern democraticcountries,France,Englandaselt grain-exportingnations.wouldapprove.Thescheme failed.Theresultwasagrowin-depe..denceoftheregionupon GermanyandItaly,theonly countrieswillingtoabsorbthe surplusesfromtheDanubebasin. Thisbitofeconomichistoryexplainsmuchofthereadinessof certaingroupsinCentralEuropeanandBalkancountriestoacceptHitler.

TheGermansknewhowmuch theydependeduponthepeasants infeedingthewarmachine.Hence theyusuallytreatedthefarmers differentlyfromtherestofthe population.ExceptforthebattlefieldsofPolandandthe Ukraine,thepeasantswereleft undisturbedinmostways;their farmswerekeptupandeventheir livestockprovidedfor.TheresultoftheunderstandingtreatmentofmostpeasantsbytheGermanscouldheseer.uptothe timetheRedArmyoverranthese areasin1944.Inmostcasesthe food-distributionandproduction systemswerestill ectioning, evenforthecivilianpopulations, Europeto-dayhaslostherold positionasarbiterofWestern civilisation,apositionsbeheldfor twothousandyears.Squeezed betweentwopowerfulcontinental colossi,Europehasbecomethe testinggroundforthepost-warinternationalworld.BothRussian andAmericanagriculturallifeand economyarealientothepeasant wayofliving. Infearofthe futureandjealousofhisland,the Europeanpeasantwillnotreact favourablytosocialisationofagriculture.Heresentslimitations uponhispoliticalandreligious rights.Alreadyheisbeginning toapplyhisonlyweaponofdefence,onewhichhehaslearned fromhisnewboss,theinternationalCommunist,namelythe strike.Underthecollective-farm plantheprofitmotive,sosuccessfulduringthewaringettingin creasedfoodproduction,isgone. T,hepeasantreactsbylimitinghis productiontowhatisnecessary ortowhatgovernmentcompulsionrequiresofhim.Thenew collectivistfarmsofEuropeare nomoresuccessfulto-daythan the)wereaftertheFirstWorld War.Theverysmalllandholders,whoforthemostparttake overtheplotsofnewlydistributed land,cannothopetoproducethe quantitiespreviouslyreachedby themiddle-sizefarmers.These middle-sizefarmersbeforethewar formedthebackboneofEurope's foodsupply.

Thewholesituation,wellknciwn asthe"InternationalBattleof Wheat,"didmuchtoalienate CentralEuropeansfromtheidea 'ofinternationalco-operation.Economicpressurefromoverseasled

TheN.C.R.M.isnotonlyan adulteducationalmovement,itis notonlyanorganiserofsocialand economicprojects;itisahighly spiritualapostolate.Realeducationissaidtobe"whatremains afteryouforgetallyoulearnedat school."Thatistheabilityto thinkstraight.Itenablespeopletoseetheiropportunities.Ignoranceloomslikeablackcloud overall-theroadisstrewawith thebonesoflostopportunities. Wrongthinkingissocommon. Nearlyeveryfarmerandevery worker,"toexplain"annoyingsituations,blameseithertheclimateor hadgovernmentforboth),orexploitationbysomebig,badwolf. itisashocktotheirconceittobe toldthattheirtroublesaredue totheircrookedthinking,totheir ignorance;forhumilityisonly presentinthescientific,seeking mind."Ti.eyhaveeyesandsee not,earsandhearnot."Solutions oftheirproblemsareattheir hand,butsincetheyjudgethings onlyfromtheirownexperience, theyareblindtopossibilities.

"Withoutavisionthepeopleperish."

Themassesarebewilderedby thequantityofadvicethundered atthem;"Savedemocracy,save privateenterprise,saveliberty."

Buttheproblemissovastthat tispycollapseindespair.What theyforgetisthatallproblemsare madeupoflittleproblems,and itisthelittleproblemsthatmust besolvedfirst.Thenationalproblemscanbesolveddistrictby district.

Attheconchisienoftheaddreste es,questionswereasked,andfinallyarepresentativelaymanfrom eachparishmadeashortspeech. TheywereMr.J.Paul(Albany), Mr.G.Duckett(Mt.Barker),Mr. Williams(Narrogin),andMr. Hagen(Katanning). Dr.Sullivanexpressed,onbehalf ofall,deepappreciationtoFather Byrneforthesplendidhospitality hehadextended,andfortheable organisationofthefunction. Beforethemeetingclosed,Rev.

FatherByrne,onrisingtorespond,receivedaheartyapplause. Hedisownedanycreditdueto himandsaidthateveryonehe hadapproachedwasonlytoo willingtodowhatwasasked.The ladieswhoservedattable,and thegentlemenwhoundertookthe catering,hadrelievedhimofthe trouble.

TheobjectofthisRallyofmen wastofamiliarisethemwiththe elementsofCatholicAction.Dr. GoodyoutlinedtheCatholicSocialandEconomicPrinciples.Dr. SullivanspokeonCatholicAction:FatherMcBridespokeon theCatholicattitudetoUnionismeFatherRyanspokeonthe NationalCatholicRuralMove n-.ent.

Themostcommonquestionaskedis"whyistheN.C.R.M.soins terestedinmaterialthisses,such asCreditUnions,Co-operatives, RegionalDevelopment,HomeEntertainment,etc.?Ifitisaspiritualapostolate,whydoesitnot keeptospiritual thins?"

Thespirituallifeaependsconsiderablyonhowmaterialthings areused.Todisregardtheimportanceofmaterialthingswee thefaultoftheoldestandmost dangerousheresytostrikethe Church.

Manispartlymaterial,andhis lifeisboundupwithmaterial things.Allthesematerialthings comefromGod,buttoooftenare usedforman'sruin.Allmaterial thingsaregivenforman'suse, buthemustrenderanaccountof hisstewardship,"becauseyou havenotusedrightlywhatyou havereceived,eventhatshallbe takenfromyou,"saidOurLord ofthemanwithonetalent.

InthemiddleagesCatholicsappliedtheGospeltoeachdetailof socialandeconomiclife:theyhad agospelattitudetomoney, wealth,interest,abovealltoland, whichwasregardedasasacred

(ContinuedonPage10.)

030ADay

W.A.T.A.PaysTheGovernment

TheStateGovernmenthasbeenabiggainerbythe W.A.TrottingAssociationtakingoversomeEast.Perth marshlandandconvertingitintothepresentbeautiful GloucesterPark.

GcodmanagementatGloucesterParkhasmodetrottingthekingofsports,andlastyeartheassociation paidtotheGovernmentastotalisatorandentertainmenttaxnolessthan£120,373.Thatequals£330a day-allbut5/-foreveryoneofthe365daysinthe year

InthepoliticaldivisionofEurope,thegranaryoftheDanubiancountrieshasfallenwithin theRussiansphereofinfluence. TheSovietswillusefoodexport asapoliticalweapon,wecanbe sure.ConsequentlyWesternEurope,includingGermanYand Italy,musteitherbesubservient

Australia'sHighCommissioner GetsHearty

WelcomeinEire

"OneoftheGreatestMomentsofMyLife," -Mr.DignamK.C.

Australia'sfirstHighCommis-Already,bytheveryspontane- sionertoEire,Mr.W.J.Dignam,itYofhisgoodwillAndtheobviK.C.,arrivedby'planeatDublin Airport,Collinstown,recently.

"IreallymeanitwhenIsay thatthisisoneofthegreatestmomentsofmylife,"hestatedwhen leavingthe'plane."Australia hasveryclosetieswithIreland. TherearethousandsofusofIrish bloodoffirst,second,orthirdgeneration,andtoeveryoneofthem Irelandhasaspecialsignificance.

"Dr.Kiernanwillgetavery warmwelcomewhenhelandsin Australia,andIassureyouIam extremelygladtocomehereto helptopromotegoodrelationsbetweenourgovernmentsandpeoples. Ihavebeenlookingforwardtoit.Thisisthefirsttime mywifeandmyselfandfamily haveleftAustralia,andIcantell youwearebothverygladto cometoIreland,acountrywhich meanssomuchtotheAustralian people."

Mr.Dignamwaswelcomedat theairportbyMr.F.H.Boland, SecretaryoftheDepartmentof ExternalAffairs,andMr.C.C. Cremin,Counsellorofthe,Department.Hewasaccompaniedby hiswife,andtheirfourchildrenMichael,aged8;Mary,aged7; Mark,aged4;andbabyMonica, aged2.Withthemalsoonthe 'planewasMr.R.W.Linkson, thirdsecretaryoftheAustralian officeestablishedinDublin.

ThenewHighCommissioneris himselfIrishofthethirdgeneration.Hisgrandfather,Mr.WilliamDignam,wasaDublincoachbuilder,whoemigratedin1857to Sydney,wherehebuiltupalarge business.Hisfather,itisunderstood.wasresponsibleforthe establishingoftheSocietyofSt. VincentdePaulinSydney.

ThenewsthatAustraliaand Eireweretoexchangediplomatic representatives,saidMr.Dignam, wasverywellreceivedinAustralia.

LYNNSCHOLARSHIP

TheTrustees oftheLynn ScholarshipannouncethatapplicationsforScholarshipsfor1946 willcloseonMonday,February 3,1947. TheScholarshipsare tenablefortwoyearsataregis. teredSecondarySchool,andenquiriesshouldbedirectedtothe SecretarytotheTrustees,Mr.P

R.Jackson,J.P.,CatholicChurch Office,VictoriaSquare,Perth, fromwhomapplicationforms maybehad.

FORTHEMILLION

Thisisthenameofourfree pamphletdescribingtheC.C.C. WirelessCourse.

DOYOUknowanythingabout WIRELESS?

DOYOUWANTTO?

ThisCoursehasbeendesignedfortheaveragemanorboy,and *willteachyoutheprinciplesof ElectricityandWireless;hoiwto improveyourreception;howto effectrepairsandsavethefees ofexperts.

WIRELESSisafascinating and professionalprofitablehobbywithgood opportunities. Wewouldwelcomeyourenquiry.

COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE COLL!GE

SHEFFIELDHOUSE, 713-21HAYSTREET,PERTH.

oussincerityofhispleasurein comingtoEire,Australia'sfirst HighCommissionerhascreated averyfavourableimpression.He hassetofftoagoodstartinhis taskofcementingthefriendship betweentwopeopleswho somuchin

Applicantsmustobservethe followingconditions:-

1.Theapplicationsmustbemade ontheprintedform'madeasailablebytheTrustees.

2.CandidatesmustpasstheJuniorExamination,

common: have

DEATHS

11ANMAN.-OnNovember9,at Perth,HaroldFrederick.dearly lovedson-in-lawofMrs.P.Herlihy,andthelateMr.Patrick Herlihy,fondbrother-in-lawof Mary,Margaret(Mrs.R.Hastings,Kalgoorlie),John,Kathleen,Ruby(Mrs.Vanstone), Eileen(Mrs,A.Donnelly),William(deceased),andBert,Bill, andAlf,lovinguncleofEileen (Mrs.C.Chamberlain,U.S.A.), Bob,andKevinHastings,Allin Vanstone,GlorianandNoreen Donnelly,andKerry.R.I.P.

HANNtAN.-OnNovember9,1946, atPerth,afterashortillness, HaroldFrederick,belovedhusbandofNorahHannan,of20 Vincent-street,Mt.Laiwley,late ofMillarsTimberandTrading Co.,Nash-street,Perth.

44INMEMORIAM

HUG,-Ofyourcharity,prayfor thereposeofthesoulofMargaretHug,whodiedNovember 4,1922,atTrayning.

TAYLOR.-Ineverlovingmemoryofmydearlydevotedhusbandandourfather,whodepartedthislifeonNovember9, 1945.R.I.P. SacredHeartofJesus,have mercyonhissoul. -Insertedbyhislovingwifeand family.

WATERS.-Inlovingmemoryof ourdearnephew,Peter,who passedawayNovember11,1945. Alwaysrememberedbyhisuncle andauntofSawyersValley R.I.P.

Happydaysweonceenjoyed, Whenwewerealtogether. Lovingthoughtsofyou,dear Peter, Willstaywithusforever.

DUTCHVILLAGERSPREPARE FORPASSIONPLATTO RIVALOBERAMMERGAU

Virtuallyeveryinhabitantof theDutchvillageofTegeleninthe provinceofLimburghassome partinthepreparationforthe fourthquinquennialperformance ofthePassionPlay,whichwill takeplacelaterthisyearinanew open-airtheatrereplacingtheone destroyedduringthewar.

Therewillbeacastof500,supportedbyachildren'schoirof 100andalargeorchestra.The productionisexpectedtorival thatofthefamousPassionPlayof OberammergauintheBavarian Alps.LiketheGermanPassion Play,thatofTegelenis,alsoentirelyacommunityventureand nooneoutsidethevillageispermittedtoparticipate.

TheroleofChristwillbeplayedbyPierreOehlen,ayoung housepainter.MaryMagdaleneis inprivatelifeaseamstresswho devotesallherleisuretimetomakingcostumesforthelargecast.

Tegelen'isauniquecommunity. Thevillagers,almostallofwhom areCatholics,areengagedinmakinghand-madearticlesofpottery, manyofwhichareofareligious nature,Asaresultofmodern manufacturingmethodsintroduced duringthenineteenthcentury, thislocalhomeindustrynearly diedout,butthelasttenyears haveseenaremarkablerevival.

3Theapplicationsmustbeaccompaniedbyareportofthe HeadoftheSchool.

4.Prospectivecandidatesmust applyfortheirmarksbefore theysitfortheJuniorExamination.

5.Theoandidatemustnothave completedhissixteenthyearon thedayhesitsfortheJunior Examination.

6.TheApplicationForm.which providesfordetailsastosubjectspresented,passed,marks gained,detailsoffamilyincome,etc.,mustbeaccompaniedbyaCertificateofBirth,and astamped-addressedenvelope foritsreturn.

7.Thecandidatemustindicate whetherhewillelecttoboardor attendasadaypupilifawardedaScholarship. TheLynnScholarshipisopen toCatholicboysattendingany CatholicschoolintheArchdioceseofPerth.TheScholarship. whichmaybetakenoutatany recognisedSecondarySchool,pros-idesforthepaymentoff25per annumfortwoyears,ifthesuecessfulcandidateelectstobea daypupil.Ifaboarder,then theamountoff.50perannumwill bepaid.TheLynnScholarship cannotbeheldbyaboywho holdsanyotherscholarship,exhibitionorbursary

St.Joseph'sGirls'Orphanage St.Vincent'sFoundlingHome STATIONSTREET,WEMBLEY.

TheSistersofMercy.ofSt.Joseph'sGirls'OrphanageandSt. Vincent'sFoundlingHome,Station-street,Wembley,areholdingtheirannualGIFTDAYonSUNDAY.NOVEMBER24,at3p.m. Thefunctionwilltakeplacein thegroundsoftheInstitutions, andvisitorswillhaveanoppor- tunityofinspectingtheHomes, whichareopentothepublicon thisday,

Manychangeshavebeenmade inthebuildingsandgrounds sincetheOrphanagewasfirst givenintothecareoftheSisters ofMercyin1872.Inthatyear itbecameaBoys'Orphanage,and slremaineduntil1900,whenthe orphanedCatholicboysbecame thechargeoftheChristianBrothers.Theorphangirlswere coredforattheOrphanage,VictoriaSquare,Perth,from1867to 1900.Intheyear1901theycame toliveintheir-presentbeautiful Home,St.Joseph'sOrphanage, Wembley.

AsthepopulationofWestern Australiaincreasedmoreand morecallsweremadeonthecharityoftheSisters,untilatpresent morethanthreehundredchildren areaccommodatedattheInstitutions.Asdayfollowsdaymany childrenareadmitted,buta greatnumberhavetobeturned away,Duringthewaryearsit hasbeenimpossibletogiveattentiontoalltherepairsandalterationswhichnaturally-ariseina householdofthissize.Assuppliesandlabourbecomeavailable inthefuturetheSistersarehopir.gtobeabletoundertakethem toaidsomeofthemanyneedy childrenwhoapplytothemfor careandsustenanceinthehelplessnessofinfancyandchldhood.

OnthisannualAPPEALDAY, whichhasbeentheonlypublic appealmadeannuallyformany years,YOUwillbeabletodo yoursharetogivesomelittlegirl theloveandhomethatevery childisentitledto,andwhichfor manychildrenistobefoundonly withintheshelteringwallsofour CatholicOrphanagesandChildren'sHomes. TheSistersextendacordialinvitationtoalltobepresenton Sunday,November24.

DEVOTIONSFOR NOVEMBER

TobeaCatholicmeansfundamentallytobeincorpor- atedinChrist'sMysticalBodyandtoshareinItslife. FromthisnotionproceedstheimportanceoftheLiturgy. TheinformedCatholicwillnaturallydesiretolivewith theaurch.Andthethoughtsandthemindofthe ChurchinNovemberarelargelyconcernedwiththosetwo othergreatsectionsofChrist'sMysticalBody-theChurch SufferingandtheChurchTriumphant.Themonthopens withtheFeastofAllSaints,thecelebrationofallthose soulswhohavesuccessfullyachievedthepurposeoftheir creation,andforwhomthelifeofsanctifyinggracehas expandedintotheVisionofGod.Onthesecondday ofthemonth,thesoulsinPurgatoryarecommemorated inmoststrikingfashionbythecelebrationofthetriple Masses.FortheHolySoulsareintheante-chamberof God,assured-Saints,butinaconditionofpurificationfor theremovalofeventheleastflawsthatwouldmakethem unacceptableinthemostpuresightofAlmightyGod.

* * S

Itisofverypracticalimportancetorealisetheimpli- cationsofthedoctrineoftheCommunionofSaints.For betweenthefaithfulonearth(thatis,thosesoulswho havetheindwellingoftheHolyGhostthroughsanctify- inggrace)andthesoulssufferinginPurgatory,andthe soulsconfirmedingraceinHeaven,thereisareal,opera- tiveunion.Manyofourprayersinvoketheaidofthe Saints,andmanyofthegraceswereceivecomethrough theintercessionofmembersoftheChurchTriumphant. OfOurLady,throughherofficeasMediatrixofallgraces, isthisparticularlytrue.Again,thesoulsofthefaithful departedfromthislifebutnotyetadmittedtotheBeatific Vision,dependonusinaveryvitalway,forbyourprayers,unitedtothemeritsofChrist,theymaybeloosed fromtheirsins.Sothat,betweenthethreestatesthere isanessentialandvitalinterdependence,andatruespir- itualbondofunion.TheChurch,then,isverymuch morethantheexternalorganisationweseeoperativeinthe world.ItistrulyChrist'sMysticalBody,radiatingits influencefromtheprobationofearth,throughthepurifica- tionofPurgatory,eventotheexternalbeatitudeofGod inHeaven.

But,thoughourprayerscannotinanywayaddto theintrinsichappinessofGodandHisSaintsintheChurch Triumphant,theycanyetincreaseHisextrinsicglory. Anditistothisendthatman'screationisordered.But thesoulsinPurgatory,towhomthemonthofNovemberisespeciallydedicated,areinaveryrealsensedependentuponus.Theycannothelpthemselves,butinthe houroftheirreleasetheywillremembertheprayers'that freedthem.Itisindeedaholyandawholesomethought toprayforthedead,anditisalsoanaturalexpressionof love.Indeedaverypracticaltestoftheworthandthe depthofourloveforthelivingistheconstancyofourre membranceofthemindeath.Anditispreciselybecause ofourmemories,minds,andwillsaresodependenton senseimpressions,thatwesosoonneglectsuffragesfor thedead.ButtheChurchconsidersthereliefofthe ChurchSufferingofsuchimportancethatShesetsaside amontheachyearfortheirespecial-benefit.And,of course,theyareneverforgottenintheMass,whichisthe focalpointoftheCommunionoftheSaints.

61,63

Sole

iseriminations

"ForeverinLove"and "RhapsodyinBlue"

Althoughthewarmaybeover, "ForeverinLove"-afilmabouta warhero--isinnomannerdated oruntimely.Reportingasit doesthehistoryofonesoldier's bravedeedsonthebattlefrontas abackgroundforhisevengreaterstruggletorehabilitatehimself,thefilmisaconvincingsaga ofacouragethatisinspiring.

ItisthestoryofAlSchmia

JohnGarfield),oneofthewar's earliestheroes,whowontheNavy Crosswhen,asleaderofama-chine-guncrewofMarines,hedefendedapostonthebanksofthe TenaruRiveronGuadalcanal,and wasalmostsolelyresponsiblefor killingtwohundredJaps.In-this fierceactionourherowasblinded byahandgrenade.HeisreturnedtoahospitalatSanDiego,

wherehehasmanybittermomentsofresentmentbeforeregainingnerveandfortitudeenough tofaceaworldthathecanno longersee.

JohnGarfieldhashisbestfilm -roletodate.Asthecockyyoung fellowwhoconsideredhimselfa toughguy,whotriedtosteerclear -ofromanticentanglements,but succumbedwhenheenlisted,to thedevotionofafinegirlwhose braverylatermatchedhisown fineeffortonGuadalcanal,hehas neverbeenmoreconvincingor lleable.Itisapity,however, thathesometimeshasatendency toshoutin'afewofthemoredramaticscenesinthefilm.Eleanor Parker,anewcomerasfarasI amconcerned-wasalsosincereand stronginherportrayalofthegirl whofightsherbattleathome. DaneClarkgrowingmorecompetentandinterestingineach film,wasalsowellcastasSchmia's friend,inwarandpeace.

"ForeverinLc;ve"isafinefilm becausetheportraitofhuman beingsandtheirrelationshipshas beenpaintedsointensely,sogallantly,andsobeautifully.Fortuatelythewarsequencesare 'brief,butevenso,theyaresomethingthatwillbeindeliblyimprintedinyourmemory.

Althoughthisfilmhasattemptedtheseeminglyimpossiblefeat ofstrivingtosolveallourpostwarproblemsin+approximately twohours,anditsthrillingrecord ofcouragewouldhavebeenfiner hadittouchedonspiritualmotives,itisone,neverthless,that mostthinkingadultswillfindsatisfyinginalmosteveryrespect.

ST.VINCENT'SFOUNDLING HOMEAPPEAL.

BeautifullydressedbabyDolls, 24in.;unbreakableheads;fabric bodies.59/11Weadviseyouto bookearly.Senddeposit,£1,to Rev.Mother,

BOOKREVIEW

"TheGoldenWest

AnIllustratedAnnual

GEORGEGERSHWIN: HisLiteandMusic

"RhapsodyinBlue"isanother finefilmshowinginthecitythis week.Like"ForeverinLove" laratherstupidtitleforsucha film,nowIcometothinkofit),it alsoisthetruestoryofacourageousAmericanofourday-not, however,ofamanbattlingforexistencewithamachinegun,but onefighting,despitefailinghealth andotherhandicaps,forfameand selfexpressionw.thamanuscript book.Thefilm-namedafterhis epoch-makingcomposition-isthe storyofGeorgeGershwin,aleadingAmericancomposer,whowas borninBrooklyn,NewYork,in 1898,anddiedin1936.Inmy readingofbiographyIhaveyet tocomeacrossalifeofGershwin, andIam,therefore,unabletosay ifthefilmisanaccurateaccount ofthiscomposer'slifeorwhether itisanotherhopelessbotchofa reallifestoryas"ASongtoRemember"wasofChopin.Irrespectiveofthishowever,thefilm, a,didtheChopinfilm,easilyheld one'sinterest,becauseofitseffectiveproductionandsympathetic direction,thefineactingofa largeandwellselectedcast,again headedbyanewcomerasthecomposer,andthewealthofmusic, mostlyGershwin's,containedinit.

Manyseeiro,thisfilmwillno doubtbewonderingjustwhat placethemusicofGershwinoccupiesto-day.Itisaratherintriguingproblemandonetoobig formetoattemptananswer. Likealotofothermodernmusic to-day,itsvaluecannotbeproperlvestimateduntilthetestof timehasbeenapplied.Bygeneralconsent,however,Gershwin hasbeenhailedasthecreative giantinthefieldofjazzto-day, endhisworkhasbeenrecognised assignificantmusicofadefinitelyAmericantypeinallpartsofthe worldto-day.Thereareprobably threeseriousworksbyGershwin whichhavesucceededinputting jazzontheconcertstage.They are"RhaphodyinBlue"(built largelyonthefamous"blue" chord,butrepletewithmelodicinspirationandabsorbingworkmanship);PianoConcertoinF,and thesuite,"An-AmericaninParis." Weheardagoodlyportionof thereinthefilm,alongwithsome lighterandmoreracynumbers suchas"Swanee,"sungbyAl Jolsoninaninterlude(mercifully brief!),"LadybeGood.""Love WalkedIn,"andmanyothers. Onewouldhavelikedtohave heardsomeexcerptsfrom"Porgy andBess,"andweheardnothing fromthesatiricaloperetta"Of TheeISing"-aworkIthinkwas honouredwithaPulitzerprizenordid'wehearanyofthehauntinglybeautifulpreludesthat wereplayedforusbyWilliam KapellatWinthropHalllast year.Stillwhenonerealisesthe extentofthecomposer'smusical output,itwasinevitablethat manyfinecompositionswouldbe omitted.

ThecastisheadedbyRobert Alda,asthecomposer.Attimes hismovementsseemedatrifle stiff,butonthewholeitwasan impessivedebut.JoanLesliewas goodandprovedabrightcontrast totheinsipedifelegantAlexis Smith,CharlesCoburn,relishing intheseriousroleagain,didsome effectiveworkasapublisher friend,'whilstPaulWhitemanand 'OscarLevantstrolledinandout ofmanysceneswithcompletenon chalance.AlbertBasserman,as Gershwin'soldprofessor,whohad

OnceagainMr.RichardClarke Spearhasproducedhisyearly budgetofgoodthings--articles, stories,pictures-aboutWestern Australia.Thisannualcontains colouredplatesinadditionto manyviewsinblackandwhite whicharetypicalofthescenery inthisState.Theillustrations arenotsooriginalasreminiscent, bringingtomindvividlythebeautiesofWesternAustralia.Visitorsandoverseasrecipientswill findmuchtoadmireinthismagazine,andshouldbestimulatedto makefurtherinvestigation.As W.A.isnowhopingtoexpend thetouristtrade,"TheGolden West"isatimelypublication,Its appearanceatthistimeofthe yearsuggeststhatitwouldmake afittingChristmasgift.

Mr.ClarkeSpearhasalways concentratedonawidecoverage oftheState'sprimaryindustries, andhispredilectionseemstobe inthedirectionoftheGoldfields.

The1946issueof"TheGolden West"onceagainprovidesinterestingdataonthegoldminingindustry,andthepointiswellmade thatinthisparticularsphereW.A. hasmadeanastonishingrecovery --thankslargelytoprivateenterprise,althoughFederalassistance hasbeenforthcominginacouple ofnotableinstances.

Especiallyinterestingisanaccountoftheblueasbestosmining projectintheHamersleyRange,

-1,000mileseastofRoebourne. Theblueasbestosdepositsinthe areaareestimatedtobeworth millionsinvaluesterling,anda 1942reportfromtheStateMining Engineerrecordsanopinionthat blueasbestosmayfarmthebasis ofoneofthemostprofitableindustriesinAustralia,andthat Roebournemaybecomeoneofthe principalasbestosdistributingcentresoftheworld.

Inadditiontopictorialandletterpressintroductionstothe scenicsplendoursandbasicindustriesofWA.,thereare'alsoa coupleofshortstorieswhichpreservetheessentiallyAustralianatmosphereofthismagazine,andan articlefromthepenofWillMurdoch,whichsnipesentertainingly atthepetdelusionsandcharacteristicfoiblesofAustraliansgenerally. Mr.Murdochplaceshimselfinthe positionofavisitorfromMars whoavailshimselfofthefacilities providedbythenewRadarExtensionServicetobroadcasthis Australianimpressions-All"din:cumAussies"willrecognisemuch thatistrueandsalutaryinthe broadcastofMr.FlamXaniduto hisMartianbrethren.

'Inconclusion."TheGolden West"isrecommendedasapublicationwhichwilldomuchto presentWA.inafavourablelight andbringatthesametimeafull measureofenjoymenttoreaders. -DEGUSTIBUS.

Grow°lo'sSCUMNOTES

IRENEDUNNE:HOLLYWOOD'SCHIEFENIGMA. Ifthereisonepersonalitywho hashadthemovieindustryguessingandgaspingforthelastsixteen yearsorso,surelyitmustbe IreneDunne.Hollywood.asthe homeofspotlightseekers,headlinehunters,anduninhibitedexhibitionism,justcannotfigureout anactresswhoviolatesalltheprecepts,veersawayfromtheacceptedpatternsofcareerbehaviour,avoidstheglareofpublicity wheneverpossible,andyetretains anamazingpopularityoverthe years.IreneDunnemustbe oneofthemostversatilewomen onthescreento-day.Shehas successfullyscoredinmusical, dramatic,andcomedyroleswith apparentease.Criticshavebeen extravagantmtheirpraisesfor everyoneofherthirty-sixscreen appearances.Whowillsoonforgetherworkinsuchvariedroles offeredinfilmssuchas"MagnificentObsession,""Cimaron,""Back Street,"Roberta,""ShowBoat," "TheAwfulTruth,"andthemore recent"AGuyNamedJoe"and "TheWhiteCliffsofDover"?

Thestarhasbeenhappilymarriedfor19yearstoaprosperous NewYorkdentist,DennisGriffin, andhaswiselydrawnacurtain aroundtheirprivatelifeandthat oftheiradoptedchild.HerforthrightCatholicitywhichplaysso vitalapartinherexistence,isresnectedevenifnotwhollyunderstoodbyHollywood,andthecool, calmdignityofherpersonality, balancedbyagay,infectiousCelticwit,makestheartificialglam ourofhermoreexoticcompetitorsseempallidanduninteresting,Itisnotgenerallyknown thatIreneDunneattendsMass eachmorningbeforework!Consideringthatstudioactivitybeenjoyedthefriendshipofthegreat Brahms,andlookedoldenoughto haveevenknownMadameButterflywhenshewasacaterpillar, broughtconvictiontoasympatheticrole.

"RhapsodyinBlue"isamodern musicalthatdoesnotrequirebilioustechnicolourorthepresence oflegionsofsparselycladchorines tobolsteritup.Itisafilmfor thewholefamily. -"GROUCHO."

ILMANNIXONNAZI EXECUTIONS

"NoGoodPurposeWillbeServed"

ForthnghtcommentontheNurembergsentencesandtheanomalyofpeopleequallyasguiltysittinginjudgmentontheGerman leaders,wasmadebyArchbishop Mannix,ofMelbourne,atarecent function.

"ImaysaythatIregretthedecisiontoexecutetheGermans triedatNuremberg,"saidthe Archbishop."Idonotquestion theirguilt,butIdothinkthatno goodpurposewillbeservedby theirexecution.Iftheirfaterestedwithme,theywouldspendthe remainderoftheirdaysincaptivity,wheretheywoulddonofurtherharm,eveniftheywereso inclined.

EasterWeekRecalled.

"Irememberwhathappenedin Irelandin1916.TheBritishGovernment,toshowtheirmighty power,andtoenforceloyaltyand tomakeIrishmenlaw-abidingcitizensoftheEmpire,executeda numberofIrishso-calledrebels. Andwhatwastheresultandthe reactionoftheIrishpeople?

"Everybody'knowsthatIreland isanindependentnationand manypeoplebelievethatthe IrishRepublichasarisenfrom thegravesofthosewhowereslain tosafeguardtheintegrityofthe BritishEmpire.

MayBeRegardeaasMartyrs.

"ThecaseoftheGermans,of course,isverydifferentfrom thatoftheIrishpatriotsof1916. ButIdosuggestthatthereisthe possibilityofraisingtheNuremNP,I.P.P.IPINION4.0.111.10.

"THERECORD."

ginstia.m.,thisrepresents morehanaminorsacrifice.We willberenewingacquaintance withthispopularstarwithina fewdays,when"Over21,"her latestfilm,willbescreened.Some friendshavetoldmethatitisan excellentcomedy,butmoreof thislater.WithIreneDunnein itshouldatleastbeinterestng.

BOARDANDRESIDENCE. Refinedyoungladyrequires above,Perth,Mt.Lawley,orInglewooddistricts;privatehomepreferred;urgent. Re,ply"M.A.," "Record"Office,Hay-street,Perth.

Thisweek'sissueof"TheIto cord"wasprintedonanauxiliary plantinstalledsomemonthsago. Theworkatthisofficehasnot beeninterruptedinanywayby therecentpowershortage

bergmentotheranksofmartyrs intheGermanmind,especiallyas theGermansmustfeel,andhistorywillsurelysupportthemin this,thattheGermanswerenot theonlypeopletobeguiltyof crueltyandwantondestruction andrapeandmurder;andthat someofthenatoinsthathadrepresentativessittinginthejudgmentseatmightwellhavehadrepresentativesinthedockfighting fortheirlives."

Chiistmas

Gifts

Cards

Calendars

slwruzs.

Madeinourownfactory,with ArebestWindsorandNewtonoil sebours.

Ooloured:

Subjects:ImmaculateConception, OurLadyofLourdesandSacred Heart,12inhigh.Price20s.each.

S`ebjects:OurLadyofLourdes, OurLadyandChildandSt.Then eee,16in.high.Price,35s.each.

DecoratedWhiteIvorine. ImmaculateConceptiononly: 10ia.high.Price8/6. 12in.high.Price11/6.

OLLLIILOID

ToStand.

Square.6in.x4in.Price,119. Ain.x8in.Price8s.

Oval:Sin.x4in.Price2/9. 10in.x8in.Price,8/6.

FramedPictures,inGiltor BlackBeadFrames;sire,8in.x Si(tostand).

Subjects-SacredHeart,Our LadyandChild,St.Therese,and St.Philomena.Price5/3each.

ROSARYBEADS.

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blackandBrownPlasticBeads, withmetalchainandSterling SilverCross.Price,16/6each, MotherofPearlRosary.Price, 18/6,22/6,25/..

MotherofPearlRosary,Sterling SilverChain.Price70/-.

MotherofPearlRosary,9ct.Gold ChainandCross.Pricep7/1/6 and5:811016.

Set.GoldCrossandChain.Price 50s.,55s.,and70s.

CHRISTMASCARDS.

BodyofArchbishopVaughan InterredinCryptofSt.Mary's HistoricCeremony

EveryStateintheCommonwealthwasrepresentedatreligiousceremoniesinSt.MarrsCathedrallastweek,whentheremainsofthesecondArchbishop ofSydney,theMostRev.Roger BedeVaughan,O.S.B.,wereformallyreceivedandburiedinthe Crypt.

ArchbishopVaughandiedwhile onavisittoEnglandin1883.Arrangementsforthereturnofhis bodytotheCathedralhehelped tobuildwerecompletedbyHis EminenceCardinalGilroyduring hisvisittoLondonearlythis year.

TheceremoniesbeganonOctober21,whenthecasketwasplacedbeforethealtarofSt.John's College,withintheUniversity.

Thus,fittingly,thegreatArchbishopwhofirstchampionedthe causeofCatholiceducationin Australiawashonouredinthe highestcentreofCatholiceducation.

Accompaniedbythe,Rectorof St.John's,theVeryRev,Father J.Thompson,C.M.,MA.,theremainsofArchbishopVaughan weretakenfromthecollegeto St.Mary'sCathedral.

HisEminence,accompaniedby alargerepresentationoftheAustralianHierarchyandtheclergy oftheArchdiocese,receivedthe casketatthesouthernstepsof theCathedral.

Thesolemnreceptionoftheremainswereattendedbythereligiousbrothersandsistersofthe metropolitanarea,andbyrepresentativesofthevariousschools.

OnthisoccasiontheOathedral wasreservedexclusivelyforthe religiousandschoolchildren/ PublicVeneration.

ThepreacherwashisGracethe ArchbishopofBrisbane.

inSydney

AERIAL:Photo,viewsofSt. Mary'sCathedral,SantaMaria College,AquinasCollege,andClontarfOrphanage;infoldoverfolder;printedwithsuitableChristmasGreetings.Price,2s.

SAMETYPEcard,withphotos ofWestAustralianScenes.Price, ls9deach.

CALENDARS.withaerialplcot, viewsofSt.Marv'sCathedral, SantaMariaCollege,AquinasCollegeandClontarfOrphanage; printedwithsuitableSeasonal greetings.Sire,9in.x6in.Price Is11d.each.

SametypeofCalendar,with PhotoViewsofWestAustralia.

SizeiHin.x5iin.Price2s6d.

CalendarswithPicturesChristmasCrib,SacredHeart,OurLady, St.Joseph,HolyFamily,etc. Slue6in.x3in.Price9d.each.

BOOKSTHATMAKEGOOD PRESENTS.

THESCARLETLILY,Astory of.lifeandtimesofMaryMagdalen.ByEdwardF.Murphy.

PriceA/3.

ROADFROMOLIVET.Latest novelbytheauthorof"The ScarletLily."'Price17/6.

THETENCOMMANDMENTS.

TenshortstoriesofHitler's WaragainsttheMoralcode.

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ANEMERALDINPAWN.By JohnG.Murphy.Price6/6.

THESHADOWOFAPEARL.

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THEPICTUREONTHEWALL.

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CallinandseetheBIRONEW BRITISHBALLPOINTPEN, orwriteforparticulars.

MakeuseofourLAY-BYSYSTEM,whichisaconvenientmethodofpurchasingChristmaspresents.

ilrilegrini&Tu. PTY.,LTD.

776HAYSTREET,PERTH (OppositeFoyandGibson).

OntheeveningofOctober22, Hi.,EminencepresidedattheSolemnOfficeoftheDead.The rchbishops,Bishopsandclergy werepresentatthisceremonr

Inorderthatanopporttinity mightbegiventoalltoseethe casketasitrestedbeforetheHigh AltarofSt.Mary's.theCathedral remainedopenuntil10p.m.

OnOctober23.RequiemMasses werecelebratedintheCathedral byvisitingBishopsat6.30,7,and 8.30a.m.TheMassat8.30was attendedbythechildrenofthe Cathedralparish.TheArchbishopofAdelaidecelebratedthe Massandpreached.

LaityInvited.

At10a.m.HisEminencethe CardinalcelebratedtheSolemn PontificalRequiemMassforthe reposeofthesouloftheillustriouspredecessor.Theoccasional addresswasgivenbytheBishop ofGoulburn.

ImmediatelyafterMass,His Eminenceofficiatedattheintermentinthecrypt.

Theceremoniesconcludedon Thursday,October24,whenthe CardinalcelebratedRequiem Massat8a.m.intheCrypt,where restthemortalremainsofallthe deceasedArchbishopsofSydney andSydney'spioneerpriests.

Italy'sCollapsePreludeto Destruction:ofWest

Warningthat"thecollapseof Italyunderunjustpeaceterms willbethepreludetothedestructionoftheWest,"ArchbishopRichardJ.Cushing,ofBoston,toldtheSonsofItalyat theirannualMassatOevere, Mass.,that"nopeacewillbejust forItalyorsafefortheworld whichforcestheItalianpeople, iftheywishtosurvive,eitherto mortgagethemselvesouttothe prosperousnationsoftheWestor toabandonthemselvestothe slaveryoftheEast."

Italyforms"theintellectual andspiritualboundarybetween theinsurgentEastandthereborn West,"andfindsherselfonce again"attheculturalcrossroads oftheworld,"theArchbishop said.Headded:

"Smallwonderthatthosewho areseekingtoestablishanew andpowerfulempireintheEast arebargainingruthlesslyforplace, power,andprestigeinthelands withinandaroundtheItalianpeninsula.Theimperialistsofthe Eastareshrewdmenandthey wellknowthateverywoundthey inflictontheprostrateformof Italywillweakenalltheother Westernnationsandwillstrengthenthepolitical,cultural,religious andmilitaryambitionsofthe East."

ReferringtothepresentParis conference,wherethepeacetreaty withItalyisontheagenda,ArchbishopCushingprayedthat"our diplomaticrepresentatives,as

TheManon theLand

(ContinuedfromPage7.)

trust.Inourtimetheheretical ideasonallthesematerialthings prevail.

The'conditionsunderwhichmen liveareimportant.Thethingsa maneats,thehousehelivesin, theworkhedoes,areallimportant,

TheBishops'MissionistoremoveobstaclesinthewayofDivineGracetosouls..Wherematerialthingsaretheobstaclesthey musthelpremovethem.To-day amongsttheobstaclestheyhave tohelpremovearethedebtsystemoffarmers,insecurity,isolation,povertywiththeirworry, anxiety,andsocialdisturbance, thatthesethingsbring.

Imentionpoverty,andyou mightobjectthatChristpraised poverty,recommendedit.Christ praisedpeoplewhoborepoverty withpatience,Herecommendedit whereitwas.voluntarilyaccepted foraspiritualmotive,butHe foughtagainstthepovertyimposedonthepeopleofHistime.No onebeforeorsincedidsomuchto liftthepoorfromtheirdestitution.RichmenwereonlyadmittedintotheChristiancommunity r.nconditionthattheycontributed totheneedy,andacceptedthe poorasbrothers."Whatever youdototheleastofthesemy brethren,youdotoMe."

Povertyforpoverty'ssakewas notadvocatedbyChrist.Ithas novalueinitself,andtendsto producespiritualevils.(TheRe formationfollowedthesocialeconomicevilsresultingfromthe BlackDeath.)

SotheBishopshavecommitted themselvestotheeliminationof theseevils,and'rantthem placed,withfreedomfromdebt, andusury,security,reasonable' comfort,neighbourliness,andthe manyadvantagesspringingfrom thesethings.

"Impossible,"yousay.Soit wouldappear,andsoitwouldbe iftheChurchweremerelyhuman, ifweallwereisolatedindividuals, andifFaith,HopeandCharity weredead.Butalreadythe Churchhasworkedbiggerwondersthanthis,Byintroducing CharityintotheRomanEmpireit revolutionisedthatpaganIcociety. Itturnedtheoldorderupside down.

theydischargetheirdangerous dutieswillnotbeblindtoeither themoralidealismorthepolitical realismwhichconstitutethetrue groundsforajustpeacefor Italy."

Thecommonpeopleofallthe Iworld,includingItaly,crave peaceandarewillingtomake anysacrificesinexchangefor peace,but"nonationcanreasonablyorsafelybeexpectedto,acrificedignity,security,self-respeetandallthetraditionswhich madeitgreat,"theArchbishop said.Helaudedthe"humangesture"ofSecretaryofState,James F.Byrnes,whoshookthehandof Italy'sPrimeMinister,Alcidede Gasperi,atParisandthus"found itpossibletogreetwithChristian cordialitythespokesmanofthe humiliatedItaliannationwhenhe finishedhispleaforItalyandhis warningtousall."

H.

Pagansofoldcouldrecognise theChristiansbytheircharityto oneanother.Theysaid,"Seehow theseChristiansloveoneanother."AlreadyinAustraliathe RuralMovementisproducingthis spirit.Thetimewillcomewhen itwillbethedistinctivecharacteristicoftheCatholic,sothatby hischaritytheCatholicwillbe knotwnfromeveryotherman,and hisloveofGodwillbemanifest ithisattitudetohisneighbour. ThesloganoftheRuralMovementis"TobringChristback tothecountryside,andthecountrysidebacktoChrist."

Theleadersarelearningabout thisChrist.WhattypeofMan Hewas.Whathismessagemeans inpracticaldailylife.Thekind ofleadershipHeused.Andthis understandingofChrististhesecretoftheirapostolate,thebasis oftheirplans,themotiveoftheir action,

CatholicActionisamassorganisationofCharity.Bycharityismeant,notonlyalmsgiving, butthatspiritofunity,thatmutualsupport,thatactivesympathyandhelpfulness,whichisthe ChristianVirtue,andthe"greatestofthecommandments."

"LoveGod,andloveyourneighbourasyourself,"saidChrist,and also,"Asoftenasyoudoany: thingtooneofthesemyleast brethren,youdoittoMe."

BytheGospeldiscussionmethod,theygraduallyseethePerscnalityofChristopenoutbefore them:TheyseeHimasaLeader ofmen.HecallsSimonandAndrewandtheydroptheirnets andfollowHim;Hedrivesthe huskersfromthetemple,andno onedaresresistHim;Hemakes owntheanguishofafather's beTrt(wherethemanhaslost hisonlychild);thesorrowofa desolatemother,thedistressof aninvalidwoman.Gentlewith theweakPeter,withagoodthief. andwiththewomantakeninadultery. YetHewasnomeredreameror humanitarianenthusiast.He lashesthephariseesandrejects theiremptyformalism;Hestrips religionbareofitshumantrappingsandgetstoitscore,saying, "Unlessyoubecomeaslittlechildren,youcannotenterthekingdomofheaven."Behumble, gentle;loveoneanother,butfight eventothedeath.Heseeshumanityinallitswickednessand weakness,butHisstronglovehas amother'stendernessinit,asHe speaksoftheProdigalandofthe Samaritan.Heisakinglyfiguse,yethewashesHisapostles' feet.Hisvisionisofheavenly splendours,yethewasinterested inthedoingsoffishermenand farmers,ofbuildersandgardeners ofwomenandchildren.Heshed thewarmestandsunniestlighton therelationsofmankindwithGod HesawthehandofGodinmountainandstream,inbirdandin flower.Heenjoyednatureasa manifestationofGod. T.

NewNorcia WasFirst

Itisaninterestingfactthat theBenedictineswereinAustrahabeforetheysettledintheUnitedStates.Thisyear.inMarch, NewNorciacelebrateditscentenary;lastmonththeoldestBenedictinefoundationinU.S.A.held alikecelebration."Time"tells thestory.

WhenFatherBonifaceWimmer, with18otheryoungBavariansin hischarge,arrivedinNewYork City100yearsago,hefoundno onetomeetthem,noonetointerpret,noonetoshowthemhow togettowesternPennsylvania, wheretheyplannedtofounda monastery.NewYork'sGerman Priestsadvisedhimtosettle downinaU.S.parish.ButstubbornFatherWimmerexplodedin Suddeutsch:"Jetztgeschieht's erstrecht"("I'lldoitinspiteof allthis!").

Hiswordsmighthavebeena mottofortheabbeyhefounded. Overandoveragain,St.Vincent's -theoldestBenedictinemonasteryintheU.S.-hashadtoovercomenewobstaclesintransplantinga1,300-year-oldorderintoa brand-newworld,

In1860FatherWimmerdecided toaddabrewerytohisnewmonastery.sellthebeertoIrishrailroadgangswhoworkednearby, thus(1)makerevenuefor

monastery,and(21weantheIrish fromtheirwhisky.SpecialpermissionforthebrewerywasgrantedbytheVatican,afterintercessionbytheabbot'schiefpatron, KingLudwigI,ofBavaria.Irishmen,monksandthirstywayfarersenjoyedthebeer. ButProtestantneighbourswere scandalised:brewingandtheworshipofGodseemedincompatible, confirmingtheirsuspicionthat rumandRomanismwenthandin hand.Thescandalgrewsogreat thattheuneasyBishopofPittsburgh,then'a.centreoranti-Catholicism,orderedthatnomore beerbesold(thoughthemonks brewedforthemselvesuntilProhibition).

SinceWimmer'sdaytheabbey hasfeftthepressureofanincreasinglyindustrialisedandsecularisedsociety.Ithasitsownpower house,wheretheabbey'sBrother Victorbuildsnaive,piousgrottoes andcrechesamonghisdynamos. Ithasitsowncoalmine,buthires miners.Itstillcultivates1,000 ofits3,400acres,hasaherdof 100registeredHolsteins,butfarm labourisdonebyhiredhands.

Themonkssuspectthattheir farmingdoesnotpay,yetavoid carefulaccountinglesttheybe chiefoccupation:teachinginthe crowdedprep.schoolandcollege.

WereYouOneoftheLuckyOnesthisTime?

IFNOT,GETYOURTICKETFROMCHARLESWATSON&CO.

£2,000for2/6..OtherPrizesbytheThousand. 76BARRACKST.(nextWilsonandJohn's)

HEALTH

IVOTa9tteamt SEASON isak NISeasons

TOItte

Itwilldoyougood theyearround.It benefits-energises andiseasilyassimilatedwhateverthe temperature.

SolemnRequiemMassbeingofferedat HisEminence,CardinalGilroy, NewNorciaduringrecentCentenaryCelebrations. laysthefoundationstoneofthenewCathedral. (Inset)

family,PriestsandBrothersof St.Vincent'shavesetupbranchesalloverthecountry.Inall oftheBenedictineabbeysinthe US.therearesomeFathersand BrothersfromSt.Vincent's."

ThatfactlaybehindtherecentKochproudly:"likemembersofawhite-beardedrelicsofthemiscentennialcelebration,inwhich themonksofSt.Vincent'sjoined withCatholiccitizensofnearby LatrobeandGreensburg,Pennsylvaniapoliticos,andBenedictines fromallovertheUS.Saiddemocratic,Saar-bornArch'a.bbot forcedtogiveupabasicBenedictinetraditionofagriculture.The

Thecommunity,whichonce numberedover100,hasdwindled to2,5. Someofitsmembersare

AmericanBishopsJoin inNewspaperDriveAgainst IndecentBooks

StatementsbyArchbishopsJohn .1.Cantwell,ofLosAngelesandJ. FrancisA.McIntyre,Coadjutor ofNewYorkandBishopJohn F.Noll,ofFortWayne,have beendisplayedprominentlyinthe NewYork Journal-American, whiclihasinauguratedacampaignagainstobsderseandimmoralliterature.

Thenewspaperpresentedasignedarticleby'BishopNoll,whois chairmanoftheNationalOrganisationforDecentLiteratureand episcopalchairmanoftheLaYOrganisationsDepartmentof.the NationalCatholicWelfareConference,inwhichhesaid"ifpure foodlaws'areneededtoprotect thehumanbodyandphysical health,anarousedpublicopinion isneededtoprotectthehuman mindandmoralhealth."

"TheNationalOrganisationfor DecentLiterature,"hewrote,"has directeditsattentionchieflytothe magazinefieldandtosuggestive andfilthycardscirculatedamong children,evidentlydesignedto corrupttheirhearts.Butfrom allsideso organisationisrequestedtowaronfilthybooksas well.Wecarenotwholeadsin thismovement,andwebelieve thateveryreflectingAmerican willacceptasaxiomaticthe claimthatthereadingofsalaci ousbooksandmagazinesmust needscreateuncleanmindsand impurehearts."

ArchbishopMdIntyre,inaninterviewwithajournal-American writer,declaredthatnon-enforcementofthelawprohibitingthe saleofsalaciousbookshasled todeplorableconditionsinthe bookpublishingworld,Hesaid thatapatheticpublicinteresthas condonedsuchalaxenforcement policy.

InLosAngeles,Archbishop Cantwelltooknoteofthecampaignwiththesewords:"Cleanlinessistheessenceofahealthful mind,asitisofahealthfulbody. Thesoulofmanwascreatedfor truthandgoodnessandnotfor thefilthyoffalworthyofthe swinepen.Everyobjectionable

printedorspokenwordbefouls thecleanair,aseverydecentutteranceiswitnesstotheabiding characterofourtrueAmericanism."

STOVES:Relinedasnew;old stovestradedinonEnamel Stoves.WA.StoveCo.B6307

sionaryera.Themonksadmit thattheU.S.atmospheredoesnot drawmanymentothemonastic life.Butinthecenturysince Wimmer'sarrival,themonks haveprovedthatBenedict'srule -work,studyandthecommunal praiseofGod-couldbetransplantedtotheU.S.

Phone13. Box124.

AustraliaHotel

KALGOORLIE.

C.T.A.andR.A.C.House. OneMinutefromSt.Mary's Church.

HotandColdWaterinHotel Bathrooms.

RefrigerationThroughout.

OnlyLock-UpGaragesinthe CentreofTown.

M.J.DILLON,Licensee.

)

National Catholic Girls' MOVEMENT

NEDLANDSBRANCH.

Dance.

Our"BacktoChildhood"Dance onSaturdaynightlastwasanoutstandingsuccess,despitethefact thatwewerewithoutelectriclight, buteveryoneagreedthatthelamp lighteffectaddedtotheenjoymentoftheevening,andallwere unanimousaboutholdinganother intheverynearfuture.Sowatch thiscolumn,girls,forasimilar happyevening.

DancingClasses.

Owingtopowerrestrictions,we arecompelledtopostponeour dancingclassesuntilthe26th.inst, itishopedthatallinterestedwill keepthatdateinmind,aswehave beenmostfortunateinobtaining theservicesofaprofessional teacher.

Tennis.

Itwasmostunfortunatethatwe wereunabletoholdourtennis afternoononMondaylast,asweatherconditionswereunfavourable, butweintendholdinganother suchafternoonveryshortly.So watchthiscolumn.

GeneralMeeting.

Onceagain,owingtolightrestrictions,wehavebeenunableto fixadateforournextgeneral meeting,butyouwillbenotified fromthepulpitandthrough"The Record"concerningthis

LEEDZRVILLEBRANCH.

Barbecue,

LEEDZRVILLEBRANCH. SuccessfulBarbecue.

OnFriday,9th.inst.,wehada wonderfulbarbecueatScarborough.Twotruckloadsofblithe spiritslefttheballat7p.m.,and soonarrivedattheplacewhere GerardBoylanhadthefireburningbrightly.Afterdisembark. ingfromthetrucksthemerry throngmigratedtothebeachand proceededtowhettheirappetites inthebriny.Thattheydidthis successfullywasevidencedbythe waytheyhoppedintosnaggers, chops,chips,andchapsontheir returntothefire.DonSalter,on hispiano-accordeon,ablyassistedbyRonPooleyonhiscomb, providedthedinnermusicale.We returnedat11o'clockafterathorouglyenjoyableevening.Believe itornotfolks,thecostwasonly 6d.each.Thegeneralcomment onthewholeshowwas,"Wemust havemoreofthese."

Cricket.

OurcongratulationsgotoFred ClarkandFredFerguson,for theirelectiontothepositionsof captainandvice-captain,respectively.

ThematchagainstClaremont hasbeentwicepostponed,once owingtofilmrehearsal,andthe secondtimeowingtotherough weather.Ifallgoeswell,itwill probablybeplayedonSunday, November24.

OnSunday,November17,we areplayingHighgateatForrest Park.PracticewillbeheldduringthecomingweekonTuesday andThursdayevenings.

ISITBMAZOBRANCH.

BasketBall.

OnFridaylast,November8, Scarboroughwasthesceneofa veryhilariousgathering,whenthe .-Y.C.W.,ofLeederville, withneverathoughtforthe drearyblackout,tooktheirtender Younglivesintheirhandsand, mountingbravelythetwotrucks withtheirintrepiddrivers,rushed oftintothedarknessinsearchof thefireswhichsomenoblesoul waslightingatthebeach.Itwas acaseofthosewhoatemostmeat eatingmostsand,andIwouldn't mindbettingthatsomeoneiseven nowtryingtoaccountforthe sandhillthatismissingfromthat area.However,theeveningpassedoffalltooquickly,andwereturnedhome"tiredbuthappy."

Fromnowon,barbecuesaredefinitely"on,"andtheremust1w manymoreduringthesummer months.

RiverTrip.

TherivertriponWednesday, November20,isstillagoingconcern.Sobeinit' BranchMeeting.

Thenextbranchmeetingwillbe heldonMonday,November1S, attheParishHall.

Rehearsals.

Rehearsalswillbeheldasusual nextSundaynightinthehall afterdevotions,ifwehavethe poweronbythen.

YCW

ThefirstmatchofthenewseasonwasplayedonMondaynight, November4,whenWestLeeder. villaNo.1mettheSubiacoteam anddefeatedit17-11.Therewere newcomersinbothteams,andthis wasthemainreasonforthelow scoring.JimDaly,whoplayed oneortwogameslastcompetition,againplayedforSubiaco, whileB.MoxhamandJoeHodge werenewstartersforWestLeedervilleNo.1. Thegamewas fastandruggedalltheway,with theWestLeedervillesystemshowingbetter.Thebestplayers wereAllanRonanandJ.Hodge.

judgedcraziestcostumes.Make anoteofthedateandcomealong dressedasyouplease.

Agrandbarbecueisinthe offing.Fullparticularsastotime endplacecanbeobtainedatthe meetingonTuesdayevening.

Thecricketteamisalready formingintoaforcetobereckonedwith.Practiceisheldever), SundaymorningdownatForrest Park.Soifyouwantagamebe there.

BELMONT-VICTORIAPARE BRANCH.

OurdancelastSaturdaywasa greatsuccess.Presentlighting conditionspresentednodifficultiestous,andeverybodyagreed thatthedancewasoneofthebest ofourseries.Ithasbeendecidedtoholdasimilardanceon nextSaturdaynight,duetothe strikeconditions.Sodon'twalk theCausewayforadancewhen thereisourowndancecomingon. Aspreviouslyannounced,we areholdingastreamerandconfetticarnivalonnextSaturday week,November23.

H.A.C.B.S.

StaroftheSeaBranch,Pre mantle.

Thesecretaryoftheabove branchwishestomakeknownto membersthataMetrobusshall beleavingFremantleTownHall at7a.m.onSunday,November 24.forpersonsattendingtheannualCommunionandbreakfast oftheH.A.C.B.S.atSt.Mary's Cathedral,Perth,onthat date. Unfortunately,itisunabletoarrangeformemberstobepicked urfromeitherSouthorEast Fremantle,butstopswillbe madeenroute.Forfurtherinformation,contactthesecretary, Box213,P.O.,Fremantle.

BiennialConference.

TheConferencewillbeheldat St.Brigid'sHall,WestPerth commencingat7.30p.m,onFri., day,22nd.inst.,andcontinuing onSaturday.Delegatesareaskedtoattendpromptlyat7.30on theFridayfortheopeningceremony.

AnnualGeneralCommunionand Breakfast.

Nextmatch,WestLeederville No.2v.Wembley, Dance, Unfortunately,wewereunable toputonourlastdance,but,light urnolight,ournextone,onNovember23,willbeonasusual,so don'tforgetyourdatewithSubiaco.

SocialCo:mmittee. Thetenniscommitteehasbeen extendedtoserveasasocialbody torbothclubs.Inthiswaywe hopetoachievecloserco-operationbetweentheY.C.W.and N.C.G.M.intheirworkintheparish.

HIGHGATEBRANCH.

Despitetheblackout,thedance heldintheParishHalllastFridayeveningwasasuccess.Trippingthelightfantasticbythe lightofstormlanternsprovedto bearareandenjoyablenovelty toallpresent.

ACTIVITIES

DiocesanHeadquarters: NationalMutualBuildbigs,81St. George'sTerrace,Perth 'Phone:WM&

DIOCESANHEADQUARTERS. Leaders'Retreat.

ARetreatforLeaderswillbe heldattheRedemptoristMonastery,NorthPerth,onSaturday andSunday,November16and17, Retreatantsareexpectedtoarrive attheMonasteryby5o'clockon Saturdayafternoon.

DiocesanCamel ThemonthlymeetingoftheDin. cesemCouncilwillbeheldatthe Y.C.W.Headquarters,81 St. George'sTerrace,onThursday, November21,at8p.m.

GWELUP

OnSunday,October6,theparishionersofSt.Teresa'sChurchSchool,Gwelup,celebratedtheir annualfeastdayinhonourofthe LittleFlower,theirpatroness.. HolyMassbeganat10o'clock, when12childrenmadetheirfirst HolyCommunion,andFather Chokolichpreachedashortser-

Csugiatti,VinkoPavecic,Albert Sertovio,JimGiovinazzo,and LouRao.

Theprocession,whichwasattendedbyalargenumberofpeopie,wasfollowedbyasermon ontheLittleFlowerinEnglishby FatherBuist,C.SS.R.,andBenedictionofthe-BlessedSacrament.

Fortheday'scelebrations77 10s.wascollectedforthechurch debt. FatherLangmeadwishestothank theSisters,theFrazerfamily,Mrs. Raynor,Mrs.Bentley,Mrs.Reader,Mrs.D.Banducci,theGugiatti family,MissDawnRichter,Mr. Pavecic,Mr,Richter,MrBoylan, theClontarfBand,andtheschool children,forthesplendidwork theydidforthesuccessofthis year'scelebrations.

RACINGSELECTIONS

By"THEHAWK."

(BeforeAcceptances.)

W.A.T.C.

THELITTLEFLOWER. PatronSaintofGwelup. monontheLifeoftheSaint,in boththeItalianandtheJugoSlavlanguages. AfterMassasportsmeetingwas conductedbyMr.Boylan,whilst 'heClontarfBoys'Bandaddedto thepleasureofthedaybytheir veryfinemusic. At3p.m.theprocessionbegan, inwhichthestatueoftheLittle

FATHER CHOCOLION.

Preachedin Italian and Jugo-Slavat Gwelup.

Flower,beautifullydecoratedwith roses,wascarriedontheshouldersofEmoGugitatti,Martin

Membersareagainreminded thatthisgreatannualspiritual eventwilltakeplaceon24th.inst, MemberswillreceiveHolyCommunioninabodyatthe8o'clock MassattheCathedral,andthe Communionbreakfastwillbeheld intheCathedralHallimmediatelyaftertheconclusionofHoly Mass.Membersareaskedtoascertainthetransportarrangementsfromtheirownbranches.

St.Mary'sBranch,Leederville

Atthemeetingon6th,inst.

MissPatriciaHuntandMessrs.

Amongthosetakingfulladvantageoftheexcellentorchestraandfloorwere:MissesF. Scott,P.Galante,N.Jones,P.Balmer,B.Gallagher,F.McAdam,E. Kelly,M.Duffy,E.Duffy,E. Smith,N.McMullen,M.Plaints. gan,H.Flannagan,P.Slattery, MWatts,E.McCaul,J.Dawson, M.Self,G.Fitzgerald,V.Brown andM.Pearson;Messrs.J.Self,J. Naughton,D.Collier,P,Elliott,C. Foley,D.McEntyre,J.Russell,P. O'Mara,R.Gardner,D.Sinclair, TO'Dwyer,J.Green,R.Smith, J.McGuiness,M.Robinson,K. Smith,R.Green,P,Lynch,G. Lyons,J.BalmerandP.Quealey. Thenextdancewillbeheldon Friday,November23,andwillbe intheformofa"CrazyDance." Startingat8p.m.,therewillbe fourhoursoffunandsurprises galore.Prizeswillbeawarded tothosewearingtheofficially-

JohnKeatingandD.Lukeywere admitted.Thesecretaryreportedthatatthespecialmeetingof thePerthDispensaryheldonOctober26,ithadbeendecidedthat allmedicinesprescribedbya medicalpractitionerwillbedispensedwithoutanychargewhatsoever.Thiswillcertainlybe goodnewsforthemembers.SisterN.Willettandgyros.E.BrigattiandP.Caseywereelectedes delegatestoconference.Itwas decidedtoentertwoteamsin eachofnextyear'sinter-branch competitions.

Membersareremindedofthe annualgeneralCommunionand breakfast,tobeheldon24th.inst. ThebuswillleavetheScarboroughBusCo's.garageinNorth BeachRoadat7.15,traverse NorthBeach-road,Oxford-street Vincent-street,andBeaufortstreet.Everymemberisurged toparticipate.

St.Malachi'sBranch,Highgate. Membersareadvisedthatthe bustoconveythemtotheCathedralon24th.inst.,fortheannual geheralCommunionandbreakfast,willleavethecornerof BeaufortandHaroldStreetsat 730.

FluePipesitsStoves, Heaters,Paints,Varnish, mine.Hassell'sStoresPerth.

SaturdayNovember16,1946. HillyiewMaidenHandicap:GallantShah,1;Queenie,2:Orkys,3. InvernessHandicap: Turf Queen,1;Leofred,2:Reinita,3. WoodroydTrialHandicap:Dark Brocade,1;Andirich,2;Threat,3. FarnleyHandicap:SansLente,1; L.Campbell,2;LordWold,3 GlenroydHandicap:Scot.Law, 1;Distinction,2;MorVeil,3. NanhobWelter(2);Pannier, 1;StarofHope,2;Ancona,3 NanhobWelter(1):Thorium,1: PrinceAgrion,2:Goldel.3

TROTTING, Breeders'Handicap:ArabOhilde, 1;PrinceTango,2:GeneralMonty, 3. WilliamsHandicap:Rulette,1; Wilfred'sLass,2:BlackEarl,3 StateHandicap:BaronAntique, 1:Linda-Antique,2;Freelight,3. NarroginHandicap:Yeldon1: Corinthian,2:DirectSheik,3. NovemberHandicap:RedRum ner,1:Percy'sLad,2;Hardy Oak,3. WaginHandicap:Wilna'sRibbens,1:Prejudice,2:Mecca,3. KatanningHandicap:Freelight, 1,EurolieBoy,2;Lockhardt,3.

THECATHOLICCHURCH ANDIMAGES

"Seeker,"Wembley:

''Inyoursessionto-nightyou saidthattheOldTestamentwas theinspiredwordofGodandacceptedbytheChurchaswholly true.

"InExodusXX.wereadthe TenCommandments.Thesecond ofthesereads:'Thoushaltnot makeuntotheeanygravenimageoranylikenessofanything thatisinheavenaboveorearth beneath,orinthewatersunder theearth,Thoushaltnotbow downthyselftothemnorserve them,etc.'

"Willyouexplaintome,please, whytheCatholicChurchhas imagesofJesus,MaryandvariousSaints,andwhychildren aretaughttobowdownto them,whichappearstobe againsttheteachingofHis HolyWord.Idohopeyou willanswerthisquestionfully andnotputitaside.Iam veryinterested."

A.:Well,"Seeker,"Iwastemptedtoputyourquestionaside,as IhavenotsolongagointheSessionanswereditatsomelength, butyourlostappealcaughtme. Yousaythatyouareveryinterested,soIshall,topleaseyou, answeritagain.

TheCatholicChurchdoesmake andhonourrepresentationsof thosewhoareinHeaven,justas allnationsdo.tohonourthe greatonesintheirhistory.But justaswearenotsofoolishasto adorethestatuesofthegreat onesofearth,sowearenotso foolishastoadorethegreatones ofheaven,AlmightyGodnever forbadethemakingofimages:on thecontrary,intheverysame bookofExodus,('hap.XXV.,He orderstheIsraelitestomake images:"Andthoushaltmake alsotwocherubsofbeatengold, onthetwosidesorendsofthe oracleormercyseat"

Butwhatliedidforbidwas themakingofimagestobow downtotheminadorationand toservethemasidolatorsdo.

TheIsraelites,thenstilla nomadpeople,rudeanduncivilised,livingamongotherraces givenuptoidolatry,wereprone tofallintothatheinoussin.We seethatevenatthetimeof theirreceivingtheCommandments,for,duringMoses'absence onMountSinai,theymadea goldencalftoadoreit.

God,therefore,intheFirst Commandment,forbidsidolatry, e.,themakingofimagestofall downbeforeandadore,

Whenweraiseourhattothe CenotaphortotheWarMemorial,inmemoryoftheFallen Brave,orwhenwedecoratethe statuesofkingsandheroeswith flagsandflowers,orwhenwe-veneratethephotographofaloving mother,itisnotthestone,or marble,orpasteboardthatwe thinkofhonouring,butthepersontheimagerepresents.Every commonsensepersonknowsthis. andapproves.Why,then,should theybesounreasonableastoaccuseCatholicsofdoingsomethingwhichwouldbeutterlystu pid? AsIsaidonaprevious occasion,onewondersitthisaccusationbeprompted'bysomethingmuchworsethanunreasonableness.

ASINCEREPSEEKERAFTER TRUTH"

"Pilgrim,"Claremont:

&WATERS

80to90STIRLINGST..PERTH

WOOD&COALMERCHANTS.

OrdersPromptlyAttendedTo. PhoneB3938.

S.BEECROFT,Butcher

181RokebyRoad,Subiaco.

OnlyPrimeFreshKilledMeatSold

Phone:W1373.

RECONCILIATIONOF000'3

OMNIPOTENCEANDFREEWILL

Freewillmaybedefinedasthe powerofchoosingeitheroftwo coursesrepresentedasgoodto theintellect,i.e.,ashavingat leastsomegoodaspect.Omniscientorall-knowingmeansthat Godknowsperfectlyhoweach manwillchooseandactuntilthe endoftime;Omnipotentorallpowerful,meansthatGodhas perfectcontrolovereveryaction ofHiscreatures,andhencethat theycannotperformthesmallest actionexceptthroughHispower throughwhicheachacts.

NowCatholicFaithteaches, andreasonitselfshows,thatGod isbothOmniscientandOmnipotent.InotherwordsthatHehas fullandperfectcontrolover everyactionofHiscreatures,includingthosewhoareendowed withfreewill.Atfirstsightthis seemstoleavenoroom'orhumanfreedom.God,byHisperfectdominionoverman'sacts, wouldseemtobethesoleauthor ofthemandsoreducemantoa mereautomaton.YetCatholic F:'ithteaches,andreasonandexperienceshow,thatmanis,indeed,afreeagent.Thistruth seemstocontradicttheformer truthofGod'somnipotentprovidence.Theyseemtobehis andnotGod's:theyseemtobe exclusivelyunderman'sdominion andnotunderGod'sdominion.

"Iamanearnestseekerafter Truth,andlistentoyoursessions withinterest.Iamimpressed bytheforceofyourlogic,much morethanIcouldhaveatone timethoughtpossible,butthere aretwopointsuponwhichI (wouldappreciateyourcomment. ThesetwopointsaremygreatestobjectionstoyourChurch. Theyareentirelyhonestdifficulties.andsofarIhavenotbeen abletoobtainananswerthatI couldsincerelybelievewould overcomethem. Ihaveread widely,anddiscussedthesepoints withCatholics,Protestants,and Agnostics.Theystillremain stumblingblocksinmymindand heart.Heretheyare 1.Withthebestwillintheworld Icannotreconcileanomnipotent,omniscient,all-lovingGod withthefreewillhypothesis anditsattempttorelieveGod oftheultimateresponsibility forinan'ssinfulness, A.:WhenItookover"TheCatholicAnswer,"inJulyofthis year,yourletter,"Pilgrim,"was alreadysometimeawaitingan answer.Itwasthoughtthatthe problemyouhadbroachedwasso deepandphilosophicalthatit wasnotsuitablefordiscussion overtheair.Icouldnotbring myselftoseehowitcouldbe madesimpleandclearenoughto hegraspedbythemajorityof ourlisteners.EvenstillIam notconvincedthatIamwisein makingtheattempt,sinceitmay seemtooboringtothemandthey mayfailtograspitssignificance. Ontheotherhand,ourListeners haveshownthemselvessokeen andinterestedeveninproblems of:1moreorlessabstrusenature, thatIthinkIshouldgiveita "go."Sohereweare. shall divideyourfirstquestion,forthe sakeofclarity,intotwo.Firstly, yousaythatanAll-knowingand anAll-powerfulGodseemsto leavenoplaceforfreewillin man,

mirrorreflectstheman'smovementsoutofnecessity;wereflect thefreewillofGodbyactingfree. ly.Justasthemangivesthe imageinthemirroritsverybeing andallitsmovements,soGodnot alonegivesuseachinstantour being.liegivesalsoourfreewill andeachexerciseofthatfaculty. Byactingfreelymanisfullyand perfectlydependentontheDivinitybecauseeachofhisfreeactsis aparticipationofthefreedomof God.

Intheillustrationoftheman lookingathisimageinthemirror,themomenthemal:esa movement,say,ofputtinghis handtohishead,inthatprecise momentthemirrorreflectshisaction.InasimilarwayGodcooperatessimultaneouslywithour freeacts.Yet,sincewedepend absolutelyonHimnotonlyfor ourbeing,butalsoforeveryexerciseofourfaculties,thataction bywhichGodconcurssimultaneouslywithouractions,hasacertainpriority-alogicalone.From thisitfollowsthatGodmusthave foreknowledgeofourfreeactions.

INGOD'SESSENCEARE REVEALEDALLFUTURE ACTIONS

Thusdoesmanbytheexerciseof hisfreedomseemtoescapethat fullandperfectcontrolwhich Faithteachesandreasonitself showstobeexercisedhvGodover alltheactionsofHiscreatures. Howarewetoreconcilethesetwo truthswhichseemtoexcludeeach other?

BrieflyIwouldsaythis.Inthe exerciseofhisfreedom,manexercisesadominionoverhisacts whichmakehimresponsiblefor them.Theyarecertainlyhis own.Yettheveryactswhich proceedfromhisfreewillareat thesametimefromGod.Justas aman'seyeshair,hands,etc.,are hisownandyetaremuchmore thepropertyofGod,Whoalone givestoman'seves,hairand handstheirbeing;solikewisea man'sfreeactsarehisown,yet theybelongmuchmoretoGod Whoalonecangivetheseacts theirbeing.AsSt.Paulsays, "InHimweliveandmoveand haveourbeing."

SEEMINGCONTRADICTION CLEAREDUP

Letmetrytomakethisclear INanillustration,whichwillalso helptoclearupthedifficulty manymayhavefeltaboutthe seemingcontradictionIhavejust pointedout

Whenamanlooksintoalarge mirror,heseeshisimagereflected.Notonlythat:everymovementofthemanisreflecteddown tothesmallestdetail.Theimagedependsforitseverydetail onthemanstandingbeforethe mirror.Itasitwereparticipatesinthebeingoftheman,byreflectinghisformandmovements.Insomesuchwayman's beingdependsonGodandparticipationinthebeingofGod.But sincewearemadeafterGod's image,wewouldnotbeafaithfulreflectionofGoddidwenot reflectHisfreewill.Isitnotby ourfreewillthatwearemostlike toIIim?Buttheimageinthe

thisunendingandunchanging present,whichisGod'sEssence, thatallfutureactionsareclearly revealedtotheDivinegaze. Thisexplanation,Pilgrim,which Ihavegiventothefirstpartof yourproblem,doesnotclaimto bemorethanapopularexposition oftheCatholicanswertothe question:Howarewetoreconcile anomnipotentProvidencewith HumanFreewill.Itgivesthe lineonwhichCatholicphilosophersapproachtheproblem.It doesnotclaimtoexplainthe workingsoftheDivinemindand will,thingswhichareshrouded inmysteryforthefinitehuman intelligence,but,atleast,itshould helpthatmind,whichisconscious ofitslimitationstorealisethat thereneedbenocontradictionin asserting,atthesametime,that thereisanomnipotentProvidence onwhichthefreeactionsofevery intelligentcreatureabsolutelydepend, Ishallleavethesecondhalfof yourfirstquestion,Pilgrim,until nextsession;butIhopeIhave succeededinmakingcleartoyou andtoallinterestedlisteners,the Catholicanswertoyourfirst weightyproblem.

How,then,doesthisforeknowledgeofGodaffectman'sfree acts?Ifmandidnotactfreely, butweretoactoutofnecessity, itwouldnotbedifficulttoexplainhowGodwouldknowwhat hisfutureactionswouldbeinu givensetofcircumstances.In suchacase,God'sperfectknowledgeofman'snaturewouldgive Ilimaperfectknowledgeofman's futureacts.Rutsincemanisby natureafreeagentandableto chooseavarietyofcoursesinthe samesetofcircumstances,it seemsimpossiblethatGodcould haveaknowledgeofman'sfuture actionsmerelyfromaninspection ofhisnature.Thatnaturebeing freeisnotpredeterminedtoact inonewayratherthananother, nor,forthatmatter,toactatall. IfthenGodcannotgetHisforeknowledgefromthefreenatureof man,howcanHeknowwithabsolutecertaintyhowthatmanwill freelyactinthefutureCatholicphilosophersallteachthatthe primaryobjectofDivineknowledgeistheDivineEssence,which istheexemplarofallthatwas,is, andwillbe,andnotonlythat, butalsoofallthatcouldheand wouldbeifcertainconditionswere fulfilled.AllthesethingsIlesees withaninfiniteknowledgein theirminutestdetails,andsince thereisnopastorfuturewith God,HeseesthemintheEternal Nowwithabsolutecertainty. Withthisabsoluteforeknowledge offutureeventseventhosethat arefree,Godisabletoconcur withtheactionsofmanwithout beingunderthenecessityofwaitingtoseehowthanwillact. Eternityembracesalltimeinthe interminablepresent,anditisin

WHYCATHOLICSFORBID CREMATION

"HonestEnquirer,"Subiaco: "Wouldyot'pleasetellmewhy 'Catholicsarenotallowedtobe cremated?Iamopposedtoit myself,andwouldliketoknow onwhatgrounds,orforwhat reason,theCatholicChurchforbidsit'?"

"Non-Catholic,"Bassendean: NIlistentotheCatholicAnswer everySundayevening.I heardaquestiongiventoyou onCremation.Youranswer was:No,theChurchdoesNOT permitit,andIagreewithyou andtheCatholicChurchon thatpointofview.Cremation isnotnatural." A.:ThereasonswhytheCatholicChurchrefusestoallowcremationaremany.First,becauseit wasreintroducedincomparativelymoderntimesbyatheistsand materialists,inanendeavourto destroytheChristiandoctrineof

(ContinuedonPage15.)

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THECATHOLICCHURCH

ANDIMAGES

"Seeker,"Wembley:

'Inyoursessionto-nightyou saidthattheOldTestamentwas theinspiredwordofGodandacceptedbytheChurchaswholly true.

"InExodusXX.wereadthe TenCommandments.Thesecond ofthesereads:'Thoushaltnot makeuntotheeanygravenimageoranylikenessofanything thatisinheavenaboveorearth beneath,orinthewatersunder theearth.Thoushaltnotbow downthyselftothemnorserve them,etc.'

"Willyouexplaintome,please, whytheCatholicChurchhas imagesofJesus,MaryandvariousSaints,andwhychildren aretaughttobowdownto them,whichappearstobe againsttheteachingofHis HolyWord.Idohopeyou willanswerthisquestionfully andnotputitaside.Iam veryinterested."

A.:Well,"Seeker,"Iwastemptedtoputyourquestionaside,as IhavenotsolongagointheSessionanswereditatsomelength, butyourlostappealcaughtme. YousaythatYOUareveryinterested,soIshall,toplease answeritagain.

TheCatholicChurchdoesmake andhonourrepresentationsof thosewhoareinHeaven,justas allnationsdo.tohonourthe greatonesintheirhistory.But justaswearenotsofoolishasto adorethestatuesofthegreat onesofearth,sowearenotso foolishastoadorethegreatones ofheaven,AlmightyGodnever forbadethemakingofimages:on thecontrary,intheverysame bookofExodus.Chap.XXVHe orderstheIsraelitestomake images:"Andthoushaltmake alsotwocherubsofbeatengold, onthetwosidesorendsofthe oracleormesaseat"

ButwhatIledidforbidwas themakingofimagestobow downtotheminadorationand toservethemasidolatorsdo.

TheIsraelites,thenstilla nomadpeople,rudeanduncivilised,livingamongotherraces givenuptoidolatry,wereprone tofallintothatheinoussin.We seethatevenatthetimeof theirreceivingtheCommandments,for,duringMoses'absence onMountSinai,theymadea goldencalftoadoreit.

God,therefore,intheFirst Commandment,forbidsidolatry, i.e.,themakingofimagestofall downbeforeandadore,

Whenweraiseourhattothe CenotaphortotheWarMemorial,inmemoryoftheFallen Brave,orwhenwedecoratethe statuesofkingsandheroeswith flagsandflowers,orwhenweveneratethephotographofaloving mother,itisnotthestone,or marble,orpasteboardthatwe thinkofhonouring,butthepersontheimagerepresents.Every commonsensepersonknowsthis, andapproves.Why,then.should theybesounreasonableastoaccuseCatholicsofdoingsomethingwhichwouldbeutterlystupid?AsIsaidonaprevious occasion,onewondersifthisaccusationheprompted'bysomethingmuchworsethanunreasonableness.

ASINCERE"SEEKERAFTER TRUTH"

"Pilgrim,"Claremont:

"Iamanearnestseekerafter Truth,andlistentoyoursessions withinterest.Iamimpressed bytheforceofyourlogic,much morethanIcouldhaveatone timethoughtpossible,butthere aretwopointsuponwhichI ouldappreciateyourcomment. ThesetwopointsaremygreatestobjectionstoyourChurch. Theyareentirelyhonestdifficulties.andsofarIhavenotbeen abletoobtainananswerthatI couldsincerelybelievewould overcomethem. Ihaveread widely,anddiscussedthesepoints withCatholics,Protestants,and Agnostics.Theystillremain stumblingblocksinmymindand heart.Heretheyare:

1.Withthebestwillintheworld Icannotreconcileanomnipotent,omniscient,all-lovingGod withthefreewillhypothesis anditsattempttorelieveGod oftheultimateresponsibility fortitan'ssinfulness,

RECONCILIATIONOFGOD'S OMNIPOTENCEANDFREEWILL

Freewillmaybedefinedasthe powerofchoosingeitheroftwo coursesrepresentedasgoodto theintellect,i.e.,ashavingat ieastsomegoodaspect.Omniscientorall-knowingmeansthat Godknowsperfectlyhoweach manwillchooseandactuntilthe endoftime;Omnipotentorallpowerful,meansthatGodhas perfectcontrolovereveryaction ofHiscreatures,andhencethat theycannotperformthesmallest actionexceptthroughHispower throughwhicheachacts, NowCatholicFaithteaches, andreasonitselfshows,thatGod isbothOmniscientandOmnipotent.InotherwordsthatHehas fullandperfectcontrolover everyactionofHiscreatures,includingthosewhoareendowed withfreewill.Atfirstsightthis seemstoleavenoroom'orhumanfreedom.God,byHisperfectdominionoverman'sacts, wouldseemtobethesoleauthor ofthemandsoreducemantoa mereautomaton.YetCatholic Faithteaches,andreasonandexperienceshow,thatmanis,indeed,afreeagent.Thistruth seemstocontradicttheformer truthofGod'somnipotentprovidence.Theyseemtobehis andnotGod's:theyseemtobe .'xclusivelyunderman'sdominion :tndnotunderGod'sdominion, Thusdoesmanbytheexerciseof hisfreedomseemtoescapethat fullandperfectcontrolwhich Faithteachesandreasonitself showstobeexercisedbyGodover alltheactionsofHiscreatures. Howarewetoreconcilethesetwo truthswhichseemtoexcludeeach other?

BrieflyIwouldsaythis.Inthe exerciseofhisfreedom,manexercisesadominionoverhisacts whichmakehimresponsiblefor them.Theyarecertainlyhis own.Yettheveryactswhich proceedfromhisfreewillareat thesametimefromGod.Justas aman'seyeshair,hands,etc.,are hisownandyetaremuchmore thepropertyofGod,Whoalone givestoman'seyes,hairand handstheirbeing;solikewisea man'sfreeactsarehisown,yet theybelongmuchmoretoGod Whoalonecangivetheseacts theirbeing.AsSt.Paulsays, "InHimweliveandmoveand haveourbeing."

mirrorreflectstheman'smovementsoutofnecessity;wereflect thefreewillofGodbyactingfreely.Justasthemangivesthe imageinthemirroritsverybeing andallitsmovements,soGodnot alonegivesuseachinstantour being,Hegivesalsoourfreewill andeachexerciseofthatfaculty. Byactingfreelymanisfullyand perfectlydependentontheDivinitybecauseeachofhisfreeactsis aparticipationofthefreedomof God.

Intheillustrationoftheman lookingathisimageinthemirror,themomenthemakesa movement,say,ofputtinghis handtohishead,inthatprecise momentthemirrorreflectshisaction.InasimilarwayGodcooperatessimultaneouslywithour freeacts.Yet,sincewedepend absolutelyonHimnotonlyfor ourbeing.butalsoforeveryexerciseofourfaculties,thataction bywhichGodconcurssimultaneouslywithouractions,hasacertainpriority-alogicalone.From thisitfollowsthatGodmusthave foreknowledgeofourfreeactions.

INGOD'SESSENCEARE REVEALEDALLFUTURE ACTIONS

How,then,doesthisforeknowledgeofGodaffectman'sfree acts?Ifmandid freely, butweretoactoutofnecessity, itwouldnotbedifficulttoexplainhowGodwouldknowwhat hisfutureactionswouldbeinis givensetofcircumstances.In suchacase,God'sperfectknowledgeofman'snaturewouldgive Himaperfectknowledgeofman's futureacts.Butsincemanisby natureafreeagentandableto chooseavariety-ofcoursesinthe samesetofcircumstances,it seemsimpossiblethatGodcould haveaknowledgeofman'sfuture actionsmerelyfromaninspection ofhisnature.Thatnaturebeing freeisnotpredeterminedtoact inonewayratherthananother, nor,forthatmatter,toactatall.

thisunendingandunchanging present,whichisGod'sEssence, thatallfutureactionsareclearly revealedtotheDivinegaze. Thisexplanation,Pilgrim,which Ihavegiventothefirstpartof yourproblem,doesnotclaimto bemorethanapopularexposition oftheCatholicanswertothe question:Howarewetoreconcile anomnipotentProvidencewith HumanFreewill.Itgivesthe lineonwhichCatholicphilosophersapproachtheproblem.It doesnotclaimtoexplainthe workingsoftheDivinemindand will,thingswhichareshrouded inmysteryforthefinitehuman intelligence,but,atleast,itshould helpthatmind,whichisconscious ofitslimitationstorealisethat thereneedbenocontradictionin asserting,atthesametime,that thereisanomnipotentProvidence onwhichthefreeactionsofevery intelligentcreatureabsolutelydepend.

Ishallleavethesecondhalfof yourfirstquestion,Pilgrim,until nextsession;butIhopeIhave succeededinmakingcleartoyou andtoallinterestedlisteners,the Catholicanswertoyourfirst weightyproblem.

WHYCATHOLICSFORBID CREMATION "HonestEnquirer,"Subiaco

"WouldYoapleasetellmewhy Catholicsarenotallowedtobe cremated?Iamopposedtoit myself,andwouldliketoknow onwhatgrounds,orforwhat reason,theCatholicChurchforbidsit?"

"Non-Catholic,"iBassendean

"IlistentotheCatholicAnswer everySunday evening.I heardaquestiongiventoyou enCremation.Youranswer was:No,theChurchdoesNOT permitit,andIagreewithyou andtheCatholicChurchon thatpointofview,Crematioa isnotnatural."

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A.:WhenItookover"TheCatholicAnswer,"inJulyofthis year,yourletter,"Pilgrim,"was alreadysometimeawaitingan answer.Itwasthoughtthatthe problemyouhadbroachedwasso deepandphilosophicalthatit wasnotsuitablefordiscussion overtheair.Icouldnotbring myselftoseehowitcouldbe madesimpleandclearenoughto begraspedbythemajorityof ourlisteners.EvenstillIam notconvincedthatIamwisein makingtheattempt,sinceitmay seemtooboringtothemandthey mayfailtograspitssignificance. Ontheotherhand,ourListeners haveshownthemselvessokeen andinterestedeveninproblems ofamoreorlessabstrusenature, thatIthinkIshouldgiveita "go."Sohereweare. Ishall divideyourfirstquestion,forthe sakeofclarity,intotwo.Firstly', yousaythatanAll-knowingand anAll-powerfulGodseemsto leavenoplaceforfreewillin man,

SEEMINGCONTRADICTION CLEAREDUP

Letmetrytomakethisclear byanillustration,whichwillalso helptoclearupthedifficulty manymayhavefeltaboutthe seemingcontradictionIhavejust pointedout.

Whenamanlooksintoalarge mirror,heseeshisimagereflected.Notonlythat:everymovementofthemanisreflecteddown tothesmallestdetail.Theimagedependsforitseverydetail onthemanstandingbeforethe mirror.Itasitwereparticipatesinthebeingoftheman,be reflectinghisformandmovsments.Insomesuchwayman's beingdependsonGodandparticipationinthebeingofGod.But sincewearemadeafterGod's image,wewouldnotbeafaithfulreflectionofGoddidwenot reflectHisfreewill.Isitnotby ourfreewillthatwearemostlike toHim?Buttheimageinthe

IfthenGodcannotgetHisforeknowledgefromthefreenatureof man,howcanHeknowwithabsolutecertaintyhowthatmanwill freelyactinthefutureCatholicphilosophersallteachthatthe primaryobjectofDivineknowledgeistheDivineEssence,which istheexemplarofallthatwas,is, andwillbe,andnotonlythat, butalsoofallthatcouldbeand wouldbeifcertainconditionswere fulfilled.Allthesethingsliesees withaninfiniteknowledgein theirminutestdetails,andsince thereisnopastorfuturewith God,HeseesthemintheEternal Nowwithabsolutecertainty, Withthisabsoluteforeknowledge offutureeventseventhosethat arefree,Godisabletoconcur withtheactionsofmanwithout beingunderthenecessityofwaitingtoseehowthanwillact. Eternityembracesalltimeinthe interminablepresent,anditisin

A.:ThereasonswhytheCatholicChurchrefusestoallowcremationaremany.First,becauseit wasreintroducedincomparativelymoderntimesbyatheistsand materialists,inanendeavourto destroytheChristiandoctrineof

(ContinuedonPage15.1

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mileAWHILE

"Soyouareundertakingto keepbees?"

"Yes,"answeredFarmerCohntossel.''Idon'twanttomiss anything,andI'vebeenstung veryotherwaythereis."

* * "Whenhelosthispositionit illedhim."

"Poorfellow!Whatwashe"

"Atight-ropeperformer"

* * *

Atasmokingconcertoneofthe company,whowasslightlyinebriated,insistedonsingingseveral songs.Asthesingerdidnotpossessa'voicehisvocaleffortswere notappreciated.Atlastoneexasperatedlistenersaid:"Doyou know'Thelong,longtrail'?"

"Yes,"saidthevocalist."Shall Isingit?"

"No-hikeit!"camethecrushingretort.

* * * Mother-in-law:"Thetruthisthat youwouldliketoseemeahundredyardsundertheground."

Son-in-law:"Now!now!youexaggerate!Threeyardswouidsatisfyme."

* Twomenwhowereveryproud oftheirsingingdecidedtohave acontestfor£5.Theyengaged afamousprofessortojudge,and aftertheyhadfinishedsinging theyturnedtothejudgeforthe verdict.Pointingtothefirst,he said:"Yostaretheworstsinger I'veeverheard."

"Hurrah!"shoutedtheother. "I'vewon."

"Waitaminute,"saidtheprofessor."Youcan'tsingatall."

* * *

Theboywashomeatlast.He hadtriedhisluckoutWestfor fiveyearswithlittlesuccess,and nowhewasbroke.

"John,"criedhisoldmother, seizingbothhishandsingreeting,"youhavehardlychangedat all."

"Iknow,mother,"answered theboy,intremuloustones,"but thereweren'tnooutfittersout there,"

* * *

"It'snotsafetoflirtwiththis dancer.Herhusband'sgota title."

"Listen,I'manAmerican.Titles don'tmeananythingtome," "Yes,buthe'sgottheheavyweighttitle."

* * *

Adonatacertainuniversity, onatourofinspectiononemorning,cameacrossalargebarrelof beerinastudent'squarters.

Thedonpointedoutthatastrict ruleofthecollegehadbeenviolatedanddemandedanexplanation,Thiswasreadilyforthcoming.

"Itislikethis,sir,"saidthe offender."Ihavenotbeenwell lately,andmydoctororderedme todrinkaglassofbeerevery morningandevening.Iamonly takingitmedicinally."

Thissoftanswerturnedaway wrath.Thedonbecamequite sympathetic."Anddoyouthink itisdoingyougood?"heinquired,asheturnedtomakehisdeparture.

Certainly,sir,"camettereply. "Why,whenthatbarrelofbeer wasdeliveredheretwodaysagoit tookmyselfandtwofriendsto shiftit;whereasnowIcantrundleitroundtheroombymyself quiteeasily."

* * *

"Whatalovelybaby-canit talkyet?"

"Yes,hecansay'Thankyou' ,whensomebodyputsmoneyinhis money-box."

TheCandidate(canvassing): "Well,Imuststandbymyconvictions."

TheVoter:"Lumme,Mister, what'aveyoubeenconvicted for?"

"Well,mygoodfellow,thisiv agreatUniversity.Itisknown ineverycorneroftheworld, Whenyouleavehereyoucanbe proudofyourbackground.Think ofit.Youhavehadeveryadvantageayoungmancoulddesire. Yourfouryearshavebeenspent inprofitablepursuitsofthegreatestthoughtsofthegreatestminds theworldhasknown.Nowthe timehascomeforyoutochoose aprofession.Theworldisentitledtoexpectalotfromyou. WhatareyougoingtoturnYour handto?"

"I'vegotafinejobatapickle lactorY."

* * *

Thefellowkithsimplemusical tastessaidtohisdinnerpartner, "IlikethatTurkishpatrol,don't you?"

Someboysthoughtitwouldbe greatsportiftheycouldtakein afamousnaturalist.Theykilled acentipedeandthengluedonto itabeetle'shead,thewingsofa butterfly,andthelegsofagrasshopperandtookittothegreat man.

"Wefounditinthefields,"the leaderofthegroupexplained. "CanYoutelluswhatitis?"

"Ah!"exclaimedthenaturalist. "Didithumwhenyoucaught it?"

"Oh,yes,"cametheanswer,"it hummedlikeanything!"

"Then,"saidthenaturalist,"it isundoubtedlyahumbug!"

* *

"SoGriggsmadeasurprising finishinhisgolfmatchwithyou

"Yes;hefinishedwithhisflask three-quartersfull."

* *

*

"Didyougotothe'Marriageof Figaro'lastnight?"

"No-butIamsuremyhusbandwouldhavesentatelegram ofcongratulations."

Shereplied:"Wefaindourcah runsmuchbettawontheEnglish kaind."

* *

ThemanagerofaLabourExchangesentforoneofhisregular customers,andthefollowingconversationtookplace:

Manager:"Ithoughtyouhad moresensethantosignonwhen youareworking,Smith."

*

Smith:"ButIhaven'tworked forthreeYears."

Manager:"It'snogoodtelling methat,forIsawyoumyself."

Smith:"WhatwasIdoing?"

Manager:"Youwerehawking firewoodlastWednesday."

Smith:"Wednesday?Hereyou hangonaminute,Iwasmoving!"

Mrs.Higgsandherneighbour metinthefishqueue.

"What'sYouroldmanlooking sofed-upabout,Mrs.Higgs?"askedherneighbour.

"Well,yousee,hehasn'tgota jobYet,andhefeelsitverymuch thathecan'tgooutonstrikelike othermen."

THECATHOLICANSWER

(ContinuedfromPage13.)

Immortalityandtheresurrection fthebody.Itseemedtothese peoplethatcremationmightbe agraphicwayofimpressingon themindsoftheordinarysimple folktheideathatallisoverwith death.Thisfactalonewouldbe sufficientreasonfortheChurchto condemnthepractice.However, thereareotherreasonsforthe condemnation,Humaninstinct itselfprotests,asisshownbythe almostuniversalcustomofhuman burialthroughouttheages.Filial loveprotestsagainstthistreatmentofone'smotherorfatheror dearones.SimpleChristianreverenceforthedeadprotests-that thebodywhichhasbeenanointeeelinbaptism,andhasbeenthe templeoftheHolySpiritduring life,shouldbetreatedassomuch offalorrefuse.Rathershould thisbody,whichwillariseagain fromthedead.beallowedtoclisintregateaccordingtothelawsof Nature,intheearth,thatGod madetoreceiveit.

Notsoverylongago,Ihavealreadyansweredthissamequestionatgreaterlength.Thatanswermaybereadin"TheRe -ord."theCatholicnewspaper, hichappearedon0101)er2.

0,Stack,EastFremantle:

'Ibelieveyougaveananswer overtheairafewSundaysago relatingtotheReorganises ChurchofJesusChristofLatter DaySaints.Doyoupublish theanswerstoeveryquestionin your'Record'?Ifsowillyou pleasetellmethecopythatthe aboveanswerappearedin?"

A.:Yes.Theanswet'sgivenin thissessionarepublishedin"The Record,"theCatholicofficialnewspaper,thenextweekbutone aftertheyaregivenovertheair. Youwillfindtheanswerabout theMormonsintheissueofOctober2thisYear.

Itmaynotbeoutofplacehere toremindourListenersthatfor thebenefitofthosewhorepeat questionsthathavealreadybeen manytimesansweredinthissession,pastcopiesof"TheRecord" versionoftheseanswersmaybe hadbywritingtothesession,at 6F'R.Barrack-street,Perth.

DOCTRINEOFEVOLUTION

ANDTHEBIBLE

A.:Notintheleast,Iassure You.ButiftheanswerIamgoingtogiveYounowdoesn'tdispel acloudofconfusionfromyour mind.Ishallbeinclinedtofeel slightlyashamedofmyself,and, forgivemeforsayingit,ofyou, too.

Geologicaldicoveriesdopoint totheworld'sexistenceduring perhapsmillionsofyearsbefore AdamandEvewerecreatedby God.Thisdoesnotcontradict theaccountofcreationgivenin theBible,inthefirstchapterof theBookofGenesis,Asfaras thisaccountgoes,theworldmay beanyage.Theinspiredwriter didnotwritetotelltheJews (forwhomhewrote)theageof theearth,ortheexactorderin whichGodcreatedthedifferent partsoftheuniverse.Hewrote totellthepeoplethattherewas oneGod,Whocreatedtheuniverse,andallthatisinit:He wrotetosavethemfromtheerrorsofpolytheismandpaganism, whichsurroundedthem.Hence hegivesagraphicaccountof God'sworkofcreation.

Inordertomakethetruth standoutbeforethemindsand theimaginationsofthepeople, whowerestillanomad,uncivilis edpeople,hespeaksofGodas working,andresting,thususing languagewhichtheordinaryman canunderstand.Whenhedivides theworkofGodintosixdays,his purposeisnottotellthepeople thatGodtooksixdaysof24 hourseachtodoHiswork,We mayunderstandhimtomeansix indefiniteperiodsoftimecorrespondinginageneralwaytoepochs ofgeologicaltime;or,ifyouprefer,sixliterarydivisionsforexplainingthecreativeactofGod.

Somehaveeventakenthesix daystoindicatesixvisionsby whichGodrevealedtoAdamthe processofcreation.Thisisthe viewoftheOermanScripture scholar,FatherHummelauer.We areinnowayboundtothinkthat thesixdaysweredaysof24hours each,andthattheyrepresentthe timewhichGodtook,,tocreateand formtheworld.

NOSCIENTIFICPROOFFOR EVOLUTION

"Evolutionist,"EastFremantle:

"WhydoesyourChurchstillcling totheideathattheworldand allinitwasmadeinsixdays? Surelythegreatdoctrineof Evolution,unfoldedtomanby thediscoveriesofscientistsof thelastcenturyandthis,must makeyouashamedofthe Bible."

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proofofit.Ascientificproofwill beforthcomingwhensomeincontestablelawofnaturehas beendiscovered,whichcanbe testedbyexperiment,andwhich willaccountforallthetransformationsallegedbyevolutionistItistruemanyoftheexisting speciesto-daycanbetracedtoa commonancestor.Butsofar theyhavebeenunabletodiscoveranytrueandverifiablelawof development.Atpresentitremains,andperforcemustremain, foragestocome,merelyabrillianthypothesis.Assuch,itis veryusefulasworkinghypothe sis,i.e,,atentativeandprovisionalsupposition;ithasledtothe openingupofmanynewlinesof investigationandhas,indeed, helpedgreatlytopushforward thefrontiersofhumanknowledge.

Butyourlettercontinues:"Since evolutionexplainseverythingin thisworld,whatneedisthereto supposethatGodcreatedthe world:andevenifHedidcreatetheworld,whatneedisthere tosupposethatHecreatedman, anymorethantosupposethathe createdflies? ImustsayIlike Yourbroadcasts,andadmitthat youtalksensesometimes,butI feelthatyousaywhatyouhave tosay,notwhatyoufindoutwith Yourreason.

PHILOSOPHYSAYS:WORLD MUSTHAVEAFIRSTCAUSE

isarealmoutsideallevolution; hereisapowervestedinthe Creatoralone.Reasontellsus this.

Iwouldaskyou,Evolutionist, touseYourreasonandtoendeavourtothinkoutthese truthsIhaveputbeforeyoufor yourself.IsaywhatIhaveto saybecausemYreasonpointsinexorablytothelogicofit.Comparethelogicoftheprocessof reasoningthattellsmethatGod existsandthatHecreatedthe world,tothatofyouracceptance ofwhatyouarepleasedtocall the"doctrine"ofevolution,and thengivemeyourhonestanswer, astowhichisthemorereasonable.

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'A.:Asyouwillhavegathered fromwhatIhavealreadysaid, Evolutionisfarfromexplaining everythinginthisworld.For,as yet,scientistsarenotagreedas towhetheritreallyis,orasto whatitis,orhowitis?But shoulditeverbeprovedthat Evolution,insomeformorother, hastakenplaceandisstilltakingplace,thisfactwould.inno way,dispensewiththeneedofthe existenceofGod,theCreator. Philosophytellsus,thatisreason alonetellsus,withoutanyhelp fromRevelation,thattheworld musthaveaFirstCause.Himself un-caused.And ifevolution shouldprovetobeafact,then thisFirstCause,theCreator,it waswhogavethethingsHecreat. edthepowertoevolve,

Now,how'aboutthis"greatdoctrine"ofEvolutionyouspeakof? Itisoneofthestrangestfreaks ofthehumanmindthatmenwho professtobeenemiesofall"dogma"shouldhavecreatedadogma fromtheverydoubtfulandmeagredataassembledbyscientists sincethedayswhenCharlesDarwinformulatedhisfamoushypothesistoexplaintheoriginofthe varietyofspecieswefindinthe world,Evolutionmaybea fact,butthereisnoscientific

Yousay:"Evenifcloddidc-eatetheworld,whatneedisthere tosupposethatHecreated man"

A.:Becausemanisnotmerely amaterialbeing,hepossessesan immortalspirit.Hissoulbywhich heknowsandreasonsand chooses,andloves.Trulythe Bibledescribeswellthenatureof man:"Letusmakementoour ownimageandlikeness."Itis AlmightyGodalone,theInfinite Self-existentSpiritualBeing,who cancreatethesoulsofmen.Here

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ILIWIERPER

TheHiddenServants

(Concluded.

Butwhenthehermittoldhim thestorYofhisprayerandthe angel'sanswer,thepoorclown wastransfiguredwithjoy,forhe knewthathissinswereforgiven. Andwhenthehermitwenthome tohismountain,theclownwent withhim.He,too,becamea hermit,andspenthistimein praiseandprayer.

Togethertheylived,andworked,andhelpedthepoor.And when,aftertwoyears,theman whohadbeenaclowndied,the hermitfeltthathehadlosta brothermoreholythanhimself.

Fortenyearsmorethehermit livedinhismountainhut,thinkingalwaysofGod,fastingand praying,anddoingnoleastthing thatwaswrong.Then,oneday, thewishoncemorecame,to knowhowhisworkwasgrowing, andoncemoreheprayedthathe mightseeabeing"Whosesoulintheheavenly gracehadgrown Totheselfsamemeasureashis own; Whosetreasureonthecelestial shore Couldneitherbelessthanhisnor more."

Oncemorehisprayerwasanswered.Theangelcametohim, andtoldhimtogotoacertain villageontheothersideofthe mountain,andtoasmallfarmin it,wheretwowomenlived.In themheshouldfindtwosouls likehisown,inGod'ssight. Whenthehermitcametothe doorofthelittlefarm,thetwo womenwholivedtherewere overjoyedtoseehim,foreveryonelovedandhonouredhis name.Theyputachairforhim onthecoolporch,andbrought foodanddrink.Butthehermit wastooeagertowait.Helongedgreatlytoknowwhatthe soulsofthetwowomenwerelike, andfromtheirlookshecouldsee onlythattheyweregentleand honest.Onewasold,andthe otherofmiddleage.

Presentlyheaskedthemabout theirlives.Theytoldhimthe littletherewastotell:theyhad workedhardalways,inthefields withtheirhusbands,orinthe house;theyhadmanychildren;

theyhadseenhardtimes-sickness,sorrow;buttheyhadnever despaired.

"Butwhatofyourgooddeeds," thehermitasked-"whathave youdoneforGod,?"

"Verylittle,"theysaid,sadly, fortheyweretoopoortogive much.Tobesure,twiceevery year,whentheykilledasheep forfood,theygavehalftotheir poorerneighbours.

"Thatisverygood,veryfaithful,"thehermitsaid."Andis there any,othergooddeedyou havedone

"Nothing,"saidtheolderwoman,"unless,unless-itmightbe calledagooddeed---" She lookedattheyoungerWoman, whosmiledbackather.

"What?"saidthehermit.

Stillthewomanhesitated;but atlastshesaid,timidly,"Itis notmuchtotell,Father,only this,thatitistwentyyearssince mysister-in-lawandIcameto livetogetherinthehouse;we havebroughtupourfamilnes here:andinallthetwentyyears therehasneverbeenacross wordbetweenus,oralookthat waslessthankind."

Thehermitbenthisheadbeforethetwowomen,andgave thanksinhisheart."Ifmy soulisasthese,"hesaid,"Iam blessedindeed."

Andsuddenlyagreatlightcame intothehermit'smind,andhe sawhowmanywaysthereareof servingGod.SomeserveHim inchurchesandinhermits'cells, bypraiseandprayer;somepoor soulswhohavebeenverywicked turnfromtheirwickednesswith sorrow,andserveHimwithrepentance;somelivefaithfullyand gentlyinhumblehomes,working, bringingupchildren,keepingkind andcheerful:somebearpainpatiently,forHissake.Endless. endlesswaysthereare,thatonly theHeavenlyFathersees, Andso,asthehermitclimbed themountainagain,hethought"Ashesawthestar-likeglow Oflight,inthecottagewindows far, HowmanyGod'shiddenservants are"

DearCornerites

Whatwild,windyweatherwe arehavinginPerthatpresent!A fairshareofrain,too,whichisa goodthing. Ihopetherainis reachingthosewhowantitmost, althoughalittlebirdwhisperedto methatthefarmersarenotanxiousforrainnowthattheharvest isripening.ProbablythemetropolitanmarketgardenersandhonestJohnCitizenwillbethemost pleased;because,ofcourse,the railwaystrikehaspreventedthe useofelectricpowerforpumping water,andvegetablecropswould havebeenseriouslyaffectedifnot wateredoverthelastfewdays. Wewouldthenhavehadtoface ashortageofvegetablesduring thesummerthatliesahead.

4amsureyoualljoinwithme inhopingthatthestrikewillsoon beover.Weshouldprayfora justsolutioninasquickatimeas

possible,andIhopethatasettlementwillhavebeenreachedeven beforethisletterispublished,We cannotaffordtohavethecountry upsetinthismanner;wecannot affordtoletindustrycometoa standstill.Thesickandtheaged areprobablytheworsesufferersalthoughheavyfinanciallossesare beingsustainedbysome-andI wantyoutoprayforthesepoor people.Ifyouarebeinginconveniencedagreatdealyourselves youcanturnyoursufferingto goodaccountbyofferingitcheerfullyfortheHolySouls.Godis alwayseagertoacceptevenlittle sacrifices,andbyaskingGodto applythebenefitofourhardships tothemeritsofthesoulsinPurgatorywecanperformgoodand usefulwork.Whateverwecan dotoshortentheexileofonepoor soulwillbewellworthwhile Sincerely,

AUNTBESSY.

AGratefulMotherWritestoAuntBessy

EchoofaBushies'School "St.Anne's,"12ThomasSt., Croydon,SouthAustralia.

November1.19-id.

DearAuntBessy,-Ihopethis littlenote,pfhappinesstoyou andallwillfindyousafely,and wellinhealth,pleaseGod.

IamwritingtoRev.Father Lenihanalso,Ishewasthepriest who(wasstationedatMerredin thenandwhoinstructedmyhusbandin1938,andhewasreceived byHisGracewhenvisitingthe district.Kindlyrememberusall inyourprayers.

itwereflyingornot.Neitherthe kitenorthebirdcouldriseor swiminnothing.TheLatin wordmeaning"empty"is"vacuus,"andaplacethatitquite emptyiscalledavacuum.Nothing cansoarinavacuum.

Butthekitefliesnotonlybemuseitpresentsalargesurface totheair,butalsobecauseitis slantedtothewindinsuchaway thatthewindpressureforcesit torise.Ifthewindpressurebe rotstrongenough,werunandpull thesurfaceagainstthewind,and byincreasingthepressureraise thekite.

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Let'sHave APOEM THOUART,0GOD!

Thesemelodiousversesarea hymnofgratitudeforthebeauty andgloryoftheworld,The writerisTomMoore,theIrish poet.Smoothnessinstyleand delicacyofsentimentarealways presentinhisverses.

Thouart,0God,thelifeand light

,Ofallthiswondrousworldwe see; Itsglowbyday,itssmilebynight, Arebutreflectionscaughtfrom Thee.Where'era'e turnThyglories shine, Andallthingsfairandbright areThine.

Whenday,withfarewellbeam,delays

Amongtheopeningcloudsof even, Andwecanalmostthinkwegaze Throughgoldenvistasintoheaven, Thosehuesthatmarkthesun's decline Sosoft,soradiant,Lord,are Thine.

I WISH I WEREAFARMER!

IwishIwereafarmer, Withlotsoflambsandsheep, I'drunandplaywiththemallday

Untilwewenttosleep.

I'dtakethewooltomarket Onsummermorningsfine"Oh,comeandbuy,"I'dstandandcry, Buy,buy,goodmastersmine!"

Butiftheywouldnotbuymywool, Itwouldnotcausemepain, I'dcomeandsay:"Dearsheep,good-day, Hereisyourwoolagain."

Ihopeyouwillremembermy childrenwritingtoyoufrom BruceRock,W.A.,whenwelived overthere,andthetwoeldest MauriceandDaphne)attended thefirst"Busbies'SchoolatMerreden(theveryfirsteverheld there),Mauricewas Bruce Rock'saltarboyandstillis,only nowfortheSacredheartFathers oftheIlindmarshParish.Daphne istheoneIwishtotellyouabout, andI'msureyouwillbevery pleasedtohearthatGodhascalledhertotheholyvocationof beinga"LittleSisterofthePoor." SheistobeprofessednextDecember8,attheNovitiate,Randwick,N.S.W.. Ineverstoodin herway,asshewasneverhappy unlesswiththeSistersofeither Orders,andso,whenshefound herfutureworksheenteredwith heartandsoultoworkforGod. WhyIamwritingthisletteristo tellyouthatI,ashermother, havealwaysthoughthervocation cameintoherheartwhileattendingthedear"Bushnies'School"at Merriden Shecriedtoreturn tothedearSisters,andsheused tosaytome,"Mother,letmego. Iwillsleepintheschoolroom always."Sowhenshegrewup herfaithandloveforGodgrew too,andnowherfather,agood convert(only8years)andmyself andtwooftit,childrenareleavingshortlytobepresentather profession,andherparents'happiestdayofourlives.Thanksbe toGod.

Ihopethiswillbeonlyoneof thelittlechildrenofthe"Bush" whoturntheirhicksonthissinfulworldandworktospreadthe OneTrueFaith.Godblessyou all.

Ourparishpriest IFather Breene,M.S.C.),visitedtheWest withtheBishopofDarwinthis year,and,oh!youshouldhear aboutthewonderfulpeopleof WA.--theythoughtitwasalovelyplace.KindlysaysomeprayersforSisterGenevievedeSt. Stanislaui'-ashernameisinreligion-duringthenextfewweeks. Iremainahappymother, MRS.HAROLDJOHNS.

DearMrs.Johns,-Iwassovery gladtogetyourlovelyletter.I willwritetoyoupersonally,but wouldalsoliketopubliclyexpress mypleasureatreceivingsucha touchingacknowledgmentofthe successoftheBushies'Scheme.Sincerelyyours, AUNTBESSY.

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QUESTIONS5' k.-7Answers

ThisWeek'sQuestion:

WHATMAKESAKITEFLY?

Answer

Thecaseofthekiteprovesto usthattheairhasagreatpower ofholdingthingsupasthekite hasnowings,andyetdoesnot fall.Theairsupportsit.Ifwe tookallthestuffofwhichakite ismadeandrolleditintoatight ball,itwoulddroplikeastone. Soitisnotthatthekiteismade ofsomethinglighterthanair.The reasonwhyitfliesisthatitis spreadoutaswideascanpossiblybe,sothatithasalarge surfacefortheairtosupportit. But,ofcourse,iftherewereno airatallthekitewoulddropat once,asthebirdwould,whether

Whennight,withwingsofstarry gloom, O'ershadowsalltheearthand skies, Liesomedark,beauteousbird. whoseplume

Issparklingwithunnumbered eyesThatsacredgloom,thosefiresdivine, Sogrand,socountlessLord,are Thine.

Whenyouthfulspringaroundus breathes

Thyspiritwarms'herfragrant sigh; Andeveryflowerthesummer wreathen Isbornbeneaththatkindling eye.

Wher'erweturnThygloriesshine

Andallthingsfairandbrightare Thine.t

IvsummerIamveryglad Wechildrenaresosmall, Forwecanseeathousandthings Thatmencan'tseatall.

Theydon'tknowmuchaboutthe moss Andallthestonestheypass, Theyneverlieandplayamong Theforestsinthegrass.

Theywalkaboutalongwayoff: And,whenwe'reattheseas, Letfatherstoopasbesthecan Hecan'tfindthingslikeme.

Butwhenthesnowisonthe ground, Andallthepuddlesfreeze, IwishthatIwereverytall, Highupabovethetrees.

-LaurenceAlma-Tadense,

PrietedandPablieltedbyKeithPreemieearehasat"TheRecord"elite,4HaWest,Perth.