The Record Newspaper 15 November 1944

On what Scientific Evidence Does Birth-Spacing Rest?

DisastrousConsequencesfortheMother YouthaBetterAllythan"Spacing"

Birth control propagandists have sought to defend this shocking pray tic. on the ground that it assists parents to space their children intelligently.

This article debunks that view by showing that "scientific"child spacing has disastrous consequences for the mother.

Thus, onpurelynaturalgrounds, and apart from the immorality of the act, birth control is revealed as something' thatshouldneverexist.

In 1925 there appeared amonograph which hasprobably hadmore influence on the pattern of childbearing in the United States than any half-dozen other publications.

Its title was "Casual Factors in In. fant Mortality; A Statistical Study Based

on Investigations in Eight Cities." Its author was Robert Aforse Woodbury, Ph.D., then director of statistical. research in the Children's Bureau, U.S. Department of Labour.

Dr. Woodbury's study is ameticulous analysis of the more important causal agents in infant mortality; and

among other factors especial attention is given to the role played by the interval of time since the preceding birth.

Mortality.

After acareful survey of many as. pects of the problem the conclusion is reached that"the infants born after short intervals had amarkedly high rate of mortality from all causes. Evidently some factor that is intimately connected with the short interval— perhaps through the influence of frequent births upon the mother'shealth —affected adversely the chancesoflife of the infants who followed closely after preceding births."

The specific infant mortality figures for the first year of life reported per 1000 were as follows: for those in whom the interval since the preceding birth was one year, 146.7:for those in whomtheintervalwits two years,98.6; for the three-year-interval group, 86.6; andforthoseinwhom the intervalwas four years and more, 84.9.

The corresponding figures for neenataldeathswere: 51,.2: 37.3;36.7,and 38.1.

Stillbirth data followed a, similar trend.

In round numbers, then, it was found that infants born after an interval of but one year following apreceding birth faced amortality which was one and ahalf times that met by infants born after intervals of two years or more.

The lowest mortality for the entire first year of:life was enjoyed by in. (ants born four or more years after a previous childbirth.

Dr. Woodburysmonograph is a scholarly study, largely objective; and it contains no suggestion whatever as

By NICHOLAS J, EASTMAN, D.D.

to what might be done to reduce infant mortality in the short-interval groups.

But those interested in the furtherance ofbirth control were quickto see nremedy,

Birth Control.

Certainly, they, reasoned, if conceptioncould be prevented in women during the first year or two after childbirth, the high mortality associated with the short interval could be prevented.

And forthwith the Woodbury study became one of the corner-stones of the birth-mntrol movement and has temaincd so ever since.

Upon it, indeed, is based the entire rationale, from amedical viewpoint, of so-called"child spacing," a term which hascometobeasort ofeuphemism for contraception in general.

llforeover, information about this presumably high infant mortality associated with short-interval births has been given such wide circulation that it is frequently stressed in ourlay periodicals, always with the implication that it is agenerally accepted truth, almost one of the axioms of childbearing.

For instance, in the September, 1943, issue of"Reader'sDigest," an article appeared entitled,"Questions on Childbirth." It starts with the challenging querv:"Howmuchdoyouknowabout the latestscientificfindings asto childbirth?" Then follow aseries of statements which the reader is supposed to check as "true"or"false."

Accepted Facts.

These comprise, in main, elementary and commonlyacceptedobstetricfacts. Along with these,item No.23 reads as follows:"Babies born at yearly intervals to amother are as likely to live as if there were periods of several years between them."

The answer is:"False. Where the interval between the birth of two babies is less than two years, the in-

fant mortality rate is one and ahalf times as high as if the children were spaced." A footnote states:"The :American Medical Associationhasverified the facts in this article."

Here, then; again, are Dr. Woodbury'sfigures, having reached (after approval by the American Dledical A's soc•iation) the "Reader's Digest" with its millions of readers.

Because of the wide influence which the Woodbury monograph hasexerted, it would seem appropriate to review thatportionofit whichdeals with the short-interval problem.

This comprises an analysis of 8,196 births in Baltimore, all occurring between January 1and -December 31, 1915,that is,28 yearsago.

In view of the many life-saving advances which have been made both in pediatrics and obstretrics over this period, it would seem permissible to question whether conclusions drawn from births occurringin 1915are valid today. conclusions.

Whenall available dataareanalysed from the viewpoint of their statistical validity, it becomes clear that certain conclusions are significant beyond any question They seem clear-cut and inescapable:

1.Infants bornfrom 12to14 months after aprevious viable delivery(that is, during the second year) have at least as low astill-birth and neo-natal mortality as do infants born after longer intervals.

2. The longer the interval between birth, the more likely the mother is to suffer from some form of hypertensive toxemiaof pregnancy. The incidence of this complication is lowest when the interval is 12 to 24 months, significantly higher rwhen it is 24 to 48 months, and much higher when it exceeds four years.

3. In patients who have had aprevious hypertensive toxemia of pregnancy, the likelihood of repetition becomes progressively greater as the in. terval becomes longer.

4. The incidence of the following conditions is no greater when the interval is 12 to 24 monthsthanwhen it is longer: premature labour, anaemid, post-partum hemorrhage,andpuerperal infection:nor are mothers in this brief-interval group less able to nurse their babies. The weight of the mature babies was approximately the same,regardlessoftheinterval.

Finallv, concerning the bearing of our findings on the practical issue

Qf child spacing, the following question would seempermissible:

In recommending child spacing for the health of mother and infant, hays

(Continued on Page 4.)

John

debunkingthe"LlannedTarenthood'

"i'idpoeacy

On what Scientific Evidence Does Birth-Spacing Rest?

Disastrous Consequences for the Mother YouthaBetterAllythan"Spacing"

In round numbers, then, it was found that infants born after an interval of but one year following apreceding birth faced amortality which was one and ahalf times that met by infants born after intervals of two years or more.

The lowest mortality for the entire first year of.life was enjoyed by m,ants born four or more years after a previous childbirth.

Dr. Woodbury's monograph is a scholarly study, largely objective; and it contains no suggestion whatever as

By „

NICHOLAS J, EASTMAN, D.D.

to what might be clone to reduce infant mortality in the short-interval groups.

But those interested in the furtherance ofbirth control were quickto see aremedy,

Birth Control.

Certainly, they reasoned, if conception could be prevented in women during the first year or two after child. birth, the high mortality associated with the short interval could be presented.

And forthwith the Woodbury study became one of the corner-stonesof the hirth-mntrol movement and has temained so ever since.

fant mortality rate is one and ahalf times as high as if the children were spaced." A footnote states:"The American \ledical Association has verified the facts in this article."

Isere, then, again, are Dr. Woodhury's figures, having reached (after approval by the American Medical Association) the"Reader's Digest" with its millions of readers.

Because of the wide influence which the Woodbury monograph has exerted, it would seem appropriate to review that portionofit whichdeals with the short-interval problem.

This comprises an analysis of 8,196 births in Baltimore, all occurring be. tween January 1and -December 31, 1915, that is,28 years ago.

In view of the many life-saving advances which have been made both in pediatrics and obstretrics over this period, it would seem permissible to question whether conclusions drawn from births occurring in 1915 are valid to-day.

Conclusions.

Whenall available data areanalysed from the viewpoint of their statistical validity, it becomes clear that certain conclusions are significant beyond any question They seem clear-cut and inescapable:

Birth control propagandists have sough to defend this shocking practice on the ground that it assists Parents to space their children intelligently.

This article debunks that view by showing that"scientific" child spacing has disastrous consequences for the mother.

Thus, onpurelynatural grounds, and apart from the immorality of the act, birth control is revealed as something thatshouldneverexist.

In 1925 there appeared amonograph ;rhichhasprobably had moreinfluence on the pattern of childbearing in the United States than any half-dozen other publications.

Its title was "Casual Factors in In. fant Mortality; A Statistical Study Based on Investigations in Eight Cities."

Its author was Robert Morse Woodbury, Ph.D., then director of statistical. research in the Children's Bureau, U.S. Department of Labour.

Dr. Woodbury's study is ameticulous analysis of the more important causal agents in infant mortality; and

among other factors especial attention is given to the role played by the interrd of time

since the prcaccling birth.

Mortality.

After acareful survey of many aspects of the problem the conclusion is reached that "the infants born after short intervals had amarkedly high rate of mortality from all causes. Evidently some factor that is intimately connected with the short interval— perhaps through the influence of frequent births upon the mother'shealth —affected adversely the chances oflife of the infants who followed closely after preceding births,"

The specific infant mortality figures for the first year of life reported per 1000 were as follows: for those in whom the interval since the preceding birth was one year, 140.7; for those in whom theintervalwas two years, 950; for the three-year-interval group, 86.5: and forthose inwhom theintervalw•as four years and more, 84.9.

The corresponding figures for neanatal deaths were: 51,.2: 37.3: 36.7, and 38.1.

Stillbirth data followed a similar trend.

Upon it, indeed, is baud the entire rationale, from amedical viewpoint, of so-called"child spacing," aterm which hascometobeasortofeuphemism for contraception in general.

Moreover, information about this presumably high infant mortality associated with short-interval hirths has been given such wide circulation that it is frequently stressed in ourlay periodicals, always with the implication that it is agenerally accepted truth, almost one of the axioms of childbearing.

For instance, in the September, 1913, issue of"Reader's Digest,• an article appeared entitled,"Questions on Childbirth." It starts with the challenging query:"flowmuch do you knowabout the latestscientific findings asto childbirth?" Thenfollow aseriesofstate. ments which the reader is supposed to check as"true" or "false." Accepted Facts.

These comprise, in main, elementary andcommonly acceptedobstetric facts. Along with these,item No. 23 reads as follows:"Babies born at yearly inter• vals to amother are as likely to live as if there were periods of several years between them,"

The answer is:"False. Where the interval between the birth of two babies is less than two years, the in.

1. Infants born from 12 to 14 months after aprevious viable delivery(that is, during the second year) have at least as lots astill-hirth and nco-natal mortality as do infants born after longer intervals.

2. The longer the interval between birth, the more likely the mother is to suffer from some form of hypertensive toxemiaof pregnancy. The incidence of this complication is lowest when the interval is 12 to 24 months, significantly higher when it is 24 to 4S months, and much higher when it exceeds four years.

3. In patients who have had aprevious hypertensive toxemia of pregnancy, the likelihood of repetition becomes progressively greater as the interval becomeslonger.

I The incidence of the following conditions is no greater when the interval is 12 to 21 months than when it is longer: premature labour, annemid, pnst-partum hemorrhage, and puerperal infection; nor are mothers in this brief-interval group less able to nurse their babies. The weight of the mature babies was approximately the same, regardlessoftheinterval.

Finallv, concerning the bearing of our findings on the practical issue 91 child spacing, the following question would seempermissible:

In recommending child spacing for the health ofmother and infant, have

(Continued on Page 4.)

=*TheCatholic,Answer

EVERY SUNDAY

•EVENING FROM 9

P.M.

should We Fear Communism? *

..

. Mr. Winter's Naivete

WhytheSoviethasbeenRegarded WithSuspicionandDistrust...

Collaborationwith Communists Will Always Be Impossible

ft was with asense of disappointment that 1followed the course of the \\inter(.all recently launched upnnusherein Perth. EvennowI'm notquite sure whetherour distinguished visitor sometimes is being really >ubtle or merely naive—disarmingly naive! After such ablare ofbuildups one might he forgiven for imagining that the world-famous radio commentator had come as anAmerican to tell usof hisown country and to promote still better relations with our I,

ommonw•ealth. This may be the case, ofcourse,buthecertainlymadeamost uphappy commencement with his article in the"Daily:News" of aweek ago, tinder a three-column headline, "Should we fear Communism?" There is no reason to believe that our distinguished visitor knows any more aboutCommunism than the average educated Australian. As amatter of (act, his article-would seem to indicate that he knows'agood deal less, andalthoughhedisclaimsbeingaCommunist himself, it is difficult to tinder stand whc he should choose to make his first appearance amongst us as an apologist for that'schemeof things. perhaps if Trade Unionism were more developed in the United States, he might not view the Red peril socalmly. Now, of many statements that Mr. Wintermade, quite afew seem to call for alittle, shall we say, "clarification," and one in particular Iwould like to comment on to-night, since I think it might give its the key to his whole approach to the question ofcol. laborationwith Communism. Imight say at theoutset that there are many things on which Catholics will agree most heartily with Nlr. Winter in this published version of his views on

CommunismandSovietRussia.On the other hand, there are quite a few things about which we find ourselves in very definite and whole-hearted disagreement. Forexample,we mustall agree with Mr. Winter when he says: "that we will not, and cannot, have lasting peace inourworld whenpeople of our Allied nations fail to trust one another." Butwe Australians maybe permitted at least to smile when •Ir. Winter says illthe nextsentence:"The foreign policy of the Soviet Governmenthasbeenconsistent. Ithasbeen anti-Fascist. Certainly we can*t quarrelwith that. Weare supposed tobe anti-Fascist too." Does Mr. Winter forget the Russo-German pactthatpreceded the war? DoesStr.Winter forget the words of Marshal Stalin on the unforgettable occasion of the signing of the pact in Moscow? Doesn't Mr. Winter know that here in Australia in the early daysof the warbefore Germany turned on Russia, the Communists in Australialabelled ourstruggle against Fascism as an Imperialist war and were howling foranegotiated peace: that they dubbed the men of the A.I.F. "six-bob-a-day Butchers," and all at the instigation of aComintern that had not been asyetofficially dissolved?

AustralasianCatholicAssurance Co. Ltd. THE "A.C.A:" A.C.A. BUILDINGS, KINGST.,SYDNEY. ASSETS EXCEED £1,750,000. ALL CLASSESOFLIFE AND ENDOWMENT ASSURANCE POLICIESTRANSACTED. SAFEGUARD THE FUTURE BRANCH OFFICES IN ALL STATES. W.A. Office: "WARWICK HOUSE," ST. GEORGE'STERRACE,PERTH P. ENGELBRECHT, Resident Secretary.

-bob-a-da *By Father Lalor STATIONS 6PR - 6TZ HISTORY- TOPICAL QUESTIONS- PHILOSOPHY- SOCIAL JUSTICE APOLOGETICS- THECHURCH IN THEMODERNWORLD - THEOLOGY

bloodshed, Nor does Mr. Winter suggest that this reaction ofthe Western world in post-war_yearsmight conceivably he explained in part by the officialSoviet attitude towardsreligion, which for 27 years has outraged the conscience of Christendom. And this leads me to the statement which, as Isaid, perhaps gives one the key to Ir. Winter's whole attitude towards Communism. Ile said: "This isn't a war of ideologies between ourselves and our Soviet Allies. It is, in a sense, a friendly competition. We should participate in the competition in afriendly spirit."

"This isn't awar of ideologies betweenourselvesand ourSovietAllies— but afriendly competition." In other words, there is no warof ideologies today between Christian Democracy and Communism, between Christianity and the new atheistic socialism...just a friendly competition. Anyone who could make astatement like that and mean it, simply hasn't grasped the meaning of Christianity or understood the fundamental principles upon which aChristian civilisation is built. Like manyotherstatementsin thearticleto which Irefer, that is amost naive assessment of one of the greatest ofour current and future problems—namely, what should be our attitude towards Communism? ForaCatholicitisnot asubject on which one may mince words; there can be no compromise with the ideology of Communism, and that is all there is to it. Christianity and Communism are two interpretations of the meaning and purpose of life that can never be reconciled: in fact, they are rdiametrially opposed to one another. What is more, any virile Christian civilisation must literally "wage awar of ideologies" if it is to meet the challenge from this greatest of all reactionary forces in the world to-day—ComInnism, or as the Australian worker knows it, just plain Red Fascism, flaunting the rights of God andofthe familyandof theindividual citizen, and sabotaging Australian Trade Unionism, education, and even the war effort. So long as our West. ern civilisation even claims to be Christian, we must consider ourselves committed to the vindication of our loyalties toGod, to Christ, to the doctrine's of Christianity, yes, and to our country. We must he loyal to our Christian heritage, not for the sake of mere tradition, but through conviction;,and thatmeans we must be pre. pared notonly todefend thetruthand bring it to men of all nations and all classes, but toattack and suppress the lies and the deceit ofheresy wherever and whenever it raises its ugly head :amongstus. Iroreover, we arebound asChristians to"spend and be spent" in fighting for the creation of a just and Christian social order, and if that means getting to grips with irresponsible anarchistsin the industrial world orwithinthehallowed hallsofouruniversities oranywhere else, then we are not loyal to our God, to our country, or to our own convictions ifwe refuse to make uncompromising war on this foreign ideology in ourmidst.

To consider our differences as matter for"friendly competition" is just thesort of

inaneremark onemightexpect from a feather-brained schoolgirl,and to have that theme played to

yButchers"

you by one whose words of wisdom were intended to leave their mark on current thinking is almost an insult to our intelligence. Therecan be no friendly competition as to who has the right of educating the children ofAustralia—their parents or a socialist bureaucracy; there can he no friendly competition as to whether the nation willstandforanti-Godpropaganda and the suppression of all religious propaganda except by government licence; there can be nu friendly competition as to whetheror notour younger generations are to be taught the truths that Christ revealed on earth; there can be no friendly competition as to whether theGod-given right toacquire private property rests with the individual citizenorwhetherit is to be completely usurped by theSocialist State; in aword, all the friendship in the world towards Russia will not make Communism one bit more palatable to the Australian people, nor will it ever bring our differences down to the point of being only in"friendly competition." Communism is monstrous spiritually and treacherous politically, and Iknow that if the million and a quarter Catholicsof Australia were asked the question:"Should we fear Communism?" out of loyalty to their God, their Dingandtheir country, the answer would be:"We do not fear Communism, but we definitely won't stand for it either." As Afr. Winter said, it is achallenge, if you like, but it is no solution for our social problems—rather, Communism is itself orie of the greatest of our social problems. ForusCatholicsit isavicious heresy, violent and brazen, and at the same time it is the most treacherous swindle ever put over the working class and the trade union movement, using as itdoes, dirty, underhand tactics thatnodecent Australian,Catholic or otherwise, will stand for." And I guess there are seven million Austra• lians who'llagree-with me'for once on this much at least, that if there is to be and "isy" in this country it's going to he agood, healthy rlustralianism. Thereisonlyoneway to rid our country of these Red termites, and, with all due respect to our distinguished visitor, its NOT by friendly competition....

Just aConvert,Perth:

Q.: Some time ago aquery was sent to you something like this: "The world is amess, do you think it will come to an end soon?" And your answer—as near as 1can remember:"No, Iam afraid not, at least not in your lifetime or mine."

Whydoyoutakeitfor grantedthat theworldmustcometo anend?

A.:BecauseChristsaidso,andChrist was God. For example, in St. Afatthew'sGospelthe wholeof the twenty fourthchapterisarecord of the words Christ used in foretelling the destruction of the world when the drama of human history has come to an end. rind not only did Heforetell the end of thisworldin whichwe live, butHe also foretold various signs that must

WANTED TO BUT: Stops, Rood, Gas;PlainandOldRootIron,Comm Heaton.BestPrices. RingMUM.

WhyWilltheWorld

End? CouldItGoOnForever?

Holy Orders Do Not Change the Human Nature ofthe Priest

"Good Natural Lives" Do No

as with any member of the t laity.

Heaven on Earth,Leederville:

Fulfil Christ'sRequirements

False Attempt to Distinguish Essentials and Non-Essentials of Christianity...

come to pass before the end of the world.

Q

malbid andplant life is increasing, Couldn't the world go on forever?

A.: If God so wished,the world couldgo on forever. Part of it will: your body and mine and thebodies of all mankind. For at the end of the world they will be reunited once more toour souls and will continue to exist eitherinheavenor inhell for alleternity.(Incidentally,of course, our risen bodies will then have certain qualities and properties that they do not possess in this life.) As Isay, there is no reason whyGod could not preserve this world in existence for ever, if He so wished. But we know that He has(wished otherwise,and He told us of the final destruction of the world in no uncertain terms. you

Q.:believer

that Alternatively, assuming w•ill m

bring at

about the end of the world,on what grounds do you state that the end is not for sometime yet?

A.: Because many of the signs that Christ foretold would precede the end M the world have not yet come to pass, and we know that it will be some time yetbefore they do come to pass. For example,He said, "And this gospel of the kingdom shall he preached in the whole world, for atestimony to all nations:and then shall the consummation come." (Matt., xxiv., 14.) Now, youknow aswell as Ithat not all nations have yet heard of Christ's teaching,that it is not yet preached throughout the whole world. There are millions and millions in the Orient alone who live in the superstition and darkness of devilworship and paganism, and it will be some time yet before the gospel of the kingdom is brought to all of them. And, in any case, that is only one of the conditions that must be fulfilled before Christ will come on earth a second timeand theheavens and earth he consummated.

Q

.:

Couldn'tGod end the world any timeHe chose?

A.: Yes, of course Ile could, and what is more,Ile hasalready chosen a time. But, as Christ Himself said: "Of that day and hour no man know* eth: no, not the angels of heaven, but the Father alone." (Matt.xxiv., 36.) Our Lord simply told us to be always ready. Certainly He foretold some of the events thatwouldprecede His second coming and the subsequent pass ing of this world,but He deliberately refrained from telling us precisely when this would happen. Heaven and earth shall pass," He said,"but of thatdayandhourno manknow•eth... andas in thedaysofNoe, soshallalso

the coming of the Son of man be.For, as

in the days before the flood they wereeatinganddrinking,marryingand giving in marriage,even till that day in which entered into the ark: and they knew not until the flood came and took them all away: so also shall the coming of the Son of man be. Watchye, therefore,because youknow not what hour your Lord will come. But know you this, that if the good man of the house knew at what hour the thief would come, he would cer• tainly watch and would not suffer his house to be broken open. Wherefore be you also ready, because at what houryouknownottheSonofmanwill come." (Matt., xxiv., 55.44.) everythinghas Qbeen planned,ndyour knowledge of the Scriptures tells you the time is not yet?

A.: Most certainly everything is planned—planned to the most minute detail, and as you say, from what the Apostle has recorded of Christ's words on the subject,we know that the time is not yet at hand. But that the world will be consummated we know from the prophecy of Our Lord: Hea. ven and earth shall pass—they shall pass and shall be changed at the end of the world into anew heaven and new earth.

Wondering,Leederville:

Q.: Since your Priesthood tells no lies, vide your radio answer, why does it want Conlessiou—for I am told that all Priests,like the laity ofyourChurch,gotoConfession ... to confess what?

A.: Their sins,of course. Do you think we Priests are all Archangels?

A Priest is still ahuman being, you know,and quite capable of commit , ting sin. No one is perfect in this life—not even the Saints,and they would be the first to admit it. I dolltmean that Priests are continually lapsing into grave sin,but they have many little faults to repent of andcorrect,and at timeseven apriest can fail his Master in amatter that is really serious. Noone in the Catholic Church, whether layman,priest or bishop, or even the Holy Father, considers himself so perfect that he need no longer beg God's pardon in Confes• sion for his sins,greatorsmall, and as Ihavementionedbeforeinthissession, the Pope himself kneels each week in Confession at the feet of a simple priest, humbly tells his faults, and receivesGod's pardon through the Sacrament of Penance or Confession.

For many yearn Ihavelivednear the Orphanage at 3ubiaw, and I would like to saw how Iappreciate theworkoftheSisters.Manytimes Shave seen groups oflittlechildren goingforawalk,andIcansaythey wereinfinecondition,clean,andwell clothed,and above all happy. I don't believe there are better nour• ished children outside the Orphanage. Ihave beenmarried toaRomanCatholic for overtwenty years; we have alarge family and we are extremely happy. For along time Ihave listened to y• answers. I am sorry same of your questioners are such bigots. We have not troubled about religioq butt have lived good natural lives.What will be the price for not attending church? -

A.: First of all, let me thank you for your unsolicited complimentto the Sisters of St.Joseph's Orphanage. I gather from your letter that you yourself are not aCatholic,and for that reason your remarks are all the more appreciated. You have certainly enjoyed along and happy married life. That in itself is ablessing that you might well be grateful for, evento the extent of thanking God sometimes for thehappinessHe hasblessedyou with. Long years ago He brought into your life the partner whom you love, He blessed you with the children whom you love and who love you,through the years He has showered upon you countless graces and blessings,and all the time you have shat Him out of your life. You seem to have forgotten that you depend on God, and on God alone, for your very existence from moment to moment;that when on earth Ile laid down very explicitly howHe wished us toexpressourgratitude for all His favours—through the Eucharistic Sacrifice,orinotherwords, the Sacrifice of Thanksgiving, which Ile expectsus to offer to Him in temples orchurches dedicated for the purpose. Moreover,God does not leave it to our own discretion as to when and where we will express our gratitude to Him for all His favours and offer to Him the adoration we puny creaturesoweHim,NutHehasinstituted His Church to determine precisely how these obligations are to be fulfilled. And Christ said, you will remember:"He that will not hear the Church let him he to thee as the heathen and the publican."(Ilatt, xviii., 17,) And Christ's Church has laid down in aseries of precept to her members. that God expects us to worship Him

through frequent participation in the Sagrge of the Mass,and through receiving the Sacraments,and through various other practices that form part oftheChristianwayoflife. Asamat. ter of fact,mebegin to realise in the end thatreligion comesinto every mo• mentof ourlives,but nevermorecompletely than when we are giving God the homageof prayer are

theSacrifice of the Mass which He demands we offer Him at least once aweek.So you see that in not bothering about religion or attending church,you are not only acting as though God didn't exist,ignoring Him in other words, which is not only horribly ungrateful but even insulting,when you think of all God has done and still does for youand yours,butit isalso deliberately refusing to obey God's commandment that we worshipHim,andin the manner His Church has determined. To persevere inthat attitude wouldbe very sinful,and ifyou maintainedthat same frame of mind even to the moment of death,then I'm afraid the price for not attending church,and ignoring God in this life, would be His ignoring you in the next.

"Unity," Victoria Park:

Q,: The Catholic Church seems very insistent on her followers aoeepting every detail of her Weeping. But sinceallChristians are agreedonessentials,wouldn'titmakeforgreater unity amongst the various denoriiinations if they all accepted thefundamentalteachings odChristandset aside thepetty details ofdogma?

A.: The distinction between funda. mental and non-fundamental doctrines was invented by Jurieu (Le Vrai Systerne de1'Eglftee), to offset the evident -lack of unity in the Protestant churches in government,doctrine and worship. It has no Scriptural warrant, whatsoever, andisnot alluded to even once in Christiantradition. Asamatter of fact,its supporters could not agree amongst themselves either on the criteria required,or on what were to be accepted asfundamental doctrines. Actually, St. Augustine,in the fifth century, answered this objection in his controversy with the Donatists of North Africa. Ile writes: "Both of ushaveBaptism,inthat weareunited. We have the same Gospel;in this we are united. They celebrate with us the feasts of the martyrs;in this we also agree.. , But they are notwith us in all things. They are not with us in their schism: they do not agree with us in their heresy. And byrear son of those few things in which they are not with us, the many things on which they are avail them nothing." (The Unity of the Church, ch. III.)

M1158

Funny how some people seem to think that when aman is ordained a priest he is suddenly changed into a being from another world,incapable of sinning. Even some good Catholic people seem to think that he ought to be like that,if he isn' t. Certainly a priest is called to the most sublime, and withoutanydoubtatall, themost difficult vocation to which aman can be called. His responsibilities are almost frightening, but in spite of all that,he still remains the same very human being he was the day before his ordination. He is given extraor• dinary powers,yes, but his nature is still the sameunderneath,and whether or not he grows through his Priesthood tobecomeasaint dependsentirely on his own efforts to achieve sanctity through his daily round of duties

Whatisthe MysteriousVolume CalledThe Missaff

Solemn High Mass was the Normal

Pleasing Growth in Use of Layman's Mass-Book

What

Rite of Primitive Christianity

chief-aim in his reform of the Missal was that "the very ancient Masses of the Sundays throughout the year and of weekdays, especially those of Lent, should be restored to their proper honour."

it Contains and How it Helps Us to. Pray the Mass

How often have you looked at it, and perhaps pitied adiminutive altar boy carrying it from the Epistle to the Gospel side? It's called the Roman ]Missal, and its story is here told by

Gerald Ell" B.J.

Within the last two decades, the march ofthelayman'sMissalhas been, as such things go, sensationally swift and penetrating, even brushing aside Catholic prayer-habits that had endured for generations.

It is ashock to reflect that throughout the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, owing to Jansenist plots and tendencies, it vas a matterof Papal prohibition to translate any of the liturgical prayers.

In regions not badly infected with Jansenism the prohibition was not alwpys enforced, but it was reaffirmed in general terms as late as 1851, 'Pope Pius IX. latermodified the de. cree, Leo XIII. withdrew it (1897), and Pius X. set astyle by including in his local catechism what we now call aLeaflet Misal, the full text of theOrdinary and Canon of the Mass in vernacular translation.

Thenceforth, a good slogan, one that certainly reflects the mind, if not also the words of Pius X.: "Do not onlyprayduringMass,pray theMass," gradually made Catholics conscious of the chance the Missal offers them of the intimate link with the celebrant in being able to pray in translation

P,

the very same prayers which the priestusesatthealtar.

Of course, everyone knows that the layman uses aLayman's Missal, a book of extracts and selections arranged and translated for easy handling, not the priest's big book itself.

What is that mysterious volume like, and what are its peculiarities and contents?

What makes it so volumin(fos, when the Layman's Missal has been hammered down to vestpocket size?

Well, suppose we look at its titlepage, which bears witness of along, long, history:

The Roman Missal

Restored by Decree of the Sacred Council of Trent

Published by Order ofSt, Pius V., Supreme Pontiff.

Revised at the Instance of Other Popes. Reformed by Pius X.

Promulgated by the Authority of Benedict BV.

Prior to what we might call that "Religious World War" in the sixteenth century, no Mass book had ever been published by the Holy See as ofobligatoryuse in theLatin West.

But,by the very force ofPapal prestige, the]lass book as used at Rome had ahandicap no local compilations could compete with.

Before the introduction or printing, the Missal as used at Rome was hardly the very same in any ten copies:

all that was really uniform nvas the text of the Canon of the Hass, by which we mean the part from the Preface to the "Pater Nester."

The calendar, the rubrics, the Ordinary of the Mass before and alter the Canon, the Saints' Masses, the Votive lla=ses, all these were first standardised for Rome itself by Saint Pius V. in 1570.

In accord with the wishes of the Tridentine Fathers, Pius decreed for Latin Christendom as follows: places and religious orders that had authorised usages for200 years or more were to he allowed to retain them; but for all others this Pian Missal, as it was called, was to become the universal norm. In practice, most localities and Orders adopted the new Missal, but afew dioceses and some monastic groups have retained their own.

The title-page states that the Missal of Pius V. was "restored" in obegi. ence to adecree of the great reform. ing Council of Trent.

This restoration, besides textual cor. rection, was mostly on the side of a sober pruning away of the ivy with which the sung parts had latterly become overgrown.

The "Gloria" and other parts had been subjected to similar additions, and these by diligent scissor-work were all excised. In the same direc. tion was the drastic reduction of Se• quences and Prefaces. -But what stood behind the bulky books the curial scholars had pruned?

Foreign as the notion may seem to us now, the Mass rite of primitive Christianity was the Solemn High Mass,

an(] the celebrant's parts were extemporisedI

In selecting the clergy, especially the Bishops, no little care was given to weighing aman's capacity to create noble and elevating prayer-forms.

Thus the celebrant needed no book at all as long as his forms were fash. ioned extempore.

True, the deacon needed the Gospel passages, and these -

were set out in a sizeable volume known as the Evan. gelary; the sub-deacon needed the Epistles and Prophecies, all set out in orderly fashion in astill thicker volume known as the Epistolary; while the chanters needed the Psalter, which they called in its special arrangements the Gradual, the bulkiest of all.

These`Scripture, extracts have this most interesting feature—that the Epistles and Gospels are drawn from the Latin Vulgate as edited by Saint Jerome, but the Psalms are those of the more ancient "Itala Vetus" ver. sion.

The story is told—Iknow not on what authority—that the people knew and sang the older version of the Psalms, and resisted the introduction of the "new" text, even as edited by the Sage of Bethlehem.

The gradual change-over to low Mass as the common form of Mass in. volved the celebrant's "doubling in brass" to the extent that he imper. sonated the choristers in reading their parts, the sub-deacon in reading the Epistle, the deacon in reading the Gospel.

And that, of course, necessitated embodying everything in one big volume, which was henceforth called a Full Mic,"I, or simply aMissal.

Pope Pius X. plainly stated that a

Bct there is no need to bay more about these Masses; they are those which the laity know best of all from theirSundayMissals. Forthepriesta' convenience, the Ordinary and Canon ofthe Mass, needed everyday, are inserted in the Temporal Cycle, being setbetween the ritesof HolySaturday and Easter Day.

Next follow the Masses in honour of the Saints, and of Mary, Queen of all the Saints.

As recently as 1942, Pope Pius XII. added a ]Sass-formulary for canonise1 Popes,

Following the Saints' Masses, the Missal offers what are called Votive Masses, or, as we might say, Wishing Masses.

The first series of these are suggest. ed as substitutes for a conventual High iMass for the different weekdays.-

That series remains the most popular of the Votive Masses, and so it interests us to know that most of them were popularised over 1,100 years ago by Alcuin, the friend and adviser of Charlemagne.

Then there are Masses for the Papal coronation, for a Bishop's consecration, a "rudimentary" Mass (Collect, Silent Prayer and Post Communion) for the occasion of priestly ordination, and the much-prized Wedding Blass with its moving nuptial blessing.

AMass "Against" Pagans, For Banishing Schism, For Wartime, For Peace, For Escaping the Pestilence, For Travellers, For the Sick, for Thanksgiving—so run the titles.

These Massforms deserve to be better known; none in the Missal are more "homely," more human.

Next follow no lessthan35ofatype Ihave just called a "rudimentary" Mass, aMass that never grew beyond the stage at-which it wasinserted into the old Sacramentary, acase of arrested development now fixed with only Collect, Silent Prayer and PostCommunion.

The Missal might be thought to end with the Requiem Masses, but there is afurther section that runs to ascant 100 pages more!

Besides afew blessings used in con neetion with Mass, there is here acollection of Masses Authorised for Given Localities, for the use of which an ApostolicIndult is required.

Ten Masses in honour of Our Lord, ah,ait 20in honourofMary,andabout 40 in honour of other Saints compose the contents.

Tucked in, then, where one might least expect tofind it,is asectionproviding optional and more elaborate chants.

Last of all, in aseparate appendix. to the book, is alist of Masses ap. proved for acountry or a religious Order.

"PLANNED PARENTHOOD"

(Continued from FrontCover.)

we not overlooked the greatest talisman that apregnant woman can pos. sess, namely, youth?

Child spacing. by definition, means maternal ageing; and after acertain optimum period, probably in theearly twenties, maternal ageing means in. evitably somewhat higher risks ,

both to motherand child.

All experience and all statistics sup. port this statement. It would seem ference inage of fouryearsorsocould haveany appreciableeffectonthe outcome of childbearing, yet in any considerable series such as this, it manifests its influence unmistakably; and whatever advantage is gained by a rest period of several years between births seems to he offset, and in some respects more than counterbalanced, by the ageing factor. For the best maternal and foetal outlookeweare inclined to believe that youth is abet. ter ally than child spacing.

biscriminations

"The Ute Christopher Bean"

Viewed critically as asample of dramatic art, the present Repertory Club production of"The Late Christopher Bean" leave's alot to be desired. It is depressing to have to make are• mark of this sort after every Repertory show, but while the Club maintainsits schedule of aplay per month atanyprice-(it'sthe price that hurts), itisunlikely thatanypresentationwill be more than half-baked. A play is only as good as its production allows it to be; the same play with another cast and changed circumstances might take on an altogether different complexion.''The Late Christopher Bean" isanadaptationbyEmlyn Williamsof Rene "Fanchois'"Prenez Garde aLa Peinture," and there were some critics whoconsidered thisplay to be almost perfect technically. Technical perfection, however, while being very clever, is notthe hallmark ofagood play. If this needed to be demonstrated, a study of the efforts of the cast in the current Repertory show would provide the opportunity.

The storyisbrieflythis:Aruralmiddle-class English family is suddenly given the chance of cashing in on the meteoric rise to fameofan impoverished artist, now deceased, who used to be in their neighbourhood. The head of this family isatypical country doctor, Dr. Haggett; his wife and one of his daughters are social climbers by nature, the other daughter is normal and nice, Dr. Haggett has in his possession anumber of oils executed by the artist, Chris. Bean. Haggett has used them to stop leaks in the attic, to blockup hischickenrun,etc.; "his taste in art," to quote from the play,"belongs to the lower animals." With the worldof art now trumpeting the genius of Chris. Bean, the neglected canvases are apotential source of great wealth, and acouple of get-rich• quickmerchantsloseno time in calling on the slow-moving medico. Compli.

cations ensue with bewildering rapidity, and through it all stalks the solid Welsh figure of Gwenny, on whom the plot twists and turns like acorkscrew. The final twist offers asurprise, but does not solve the moral problem posed by the vacillating behaviour of Dr. Haggett. Indeed. there is only a slight indication given that Dr. Ilag. gett is himself aware of the contradictions in his character; certainly the author has made no attempt to reconcile ourfinal view ofHaggett with our earlier conception of him; and on this rather unsatisfactory note the play ends.

What are we to think? Isit sufficient that we should have our little surprise just before the curtain rings down?—much as you might toss a drybone to your dogafter teasinghim awhile. Has art come to this, that a dramatist's whole aim must be to manoeuvre asurprise into the closing scene? This may be sufficient motivation for amagazine short story, but to apply the formula to drama is to prostitute the theatre. The denoue. ment in"The Late Christopher Bean" is merely afancy-tickling device and leaves one emotionally cold: on the otherhand, one isemotionallydissatisfied with the suspended treatment of the inner conflict whichwas beginning to take shape in the character of Dr. Haggett. It seems that the real materials ofdramahave been passed over in favour of apopular convention; or is thisanother sample of the new realism?—as was "Laburnum Grove," where the ending was equally unsatisfactory because of the marked sense one had at the finish of being left in the air.

"The Late Christopher Bean" is programmed as acomedy, and Gwenny is evidently supposed to make us laugh every time she comes on the stage. This fixed plan of Gwenny's becomes ratherastrainon theaudience,asdoes her see-saw accent; but there is sufficientmerit in May Knowles'sperformance tocauseher agood deal of satisfaction, Matthew J. Quealy, as Dr. Haggett, for along while looked like heing the most convincing actor of the night, but his work tailed away considerably in the thir1. act. Kathleen Gillett, as Mrs. Idag•,ett. was well cast.

Thehighlightof the evening, though, was an excellent bit of work by that competent character aster, Glen Lilley, asRosen,thecunningdealer. Herang remarkably true: by disdaining to overdo the part, Mr. Lilley showed his class and put himself above atemptation to which far too many have succumbed at the Repertory.

"The Late Christopher Bean" concludes its season this week-end. Producer is Utah Alomber, and others in the cast, apart from those mentioned aboveare:Mollie Leedman,CeliaReith, Ron \ronkhouse, Ron Bulheck and Les Warrell. 'Incidentally, the orchestra was much better than usual.

—DE GUSTIBCS.

THESERGEANTS TAUGHTTHEIR MEN RELIGION.

Twenty sergeantswhohelpedlargely, as catechists, tobring 3,5110 ofthemen serving under them into the Church, were among agroup of natives from Basutolandand Bechuanaland whom the Holy Father'received in private audience recently.

The group was headed by an Englishman, Lt. Col.Clarke, ResidentCommissioner for Basutoland. He was accompanied by an Oblate priest, one of six who have been with the native troops in various campaigns, and several native chiefs.

Through the encouragement of these priests and the 20 sergeant-catechists, there have been 75,000 confessions and more than 100.000 Holy Communions among the native troops, besides the 3,500baptisms.

The Holy Father expressed great pleasure at the splendid missionary zeal of the priests and sergeants, and gave to all those present at the audi-

.Lewis--Harris Wedding

On August 7, at St. Mary's, Leederville, the marriage took place, with Nuptial Mass, between Roma, young* estdaughterofMr,andMrs. P.V.Han ris, of 38 Commonwealth Avenue, North Perth, and Bruce Alexander (R.A.N.), son of Mrs. Lewis and the late Mr. H. J. Lewis, of New South Wales. Monsignor Moloney officiated. At appropriate Parts of the Mass hymns were sung beautifully by the girls' choir.

The bride wa's given away by her father. She wore an old-world frock of Swiss embroidered organdie and lace.

She was attended by Miss Kath, Toole and!HissMargaretPusey(cousin of the bride), frocked alike in pink Swissorgandie and toques of blue and pink hyacinths. The duties of best man were carried out by Mr. Len Pusey, and that of groomsman by Mr. Joe Berry. The receptionwasheldat the Stirling Social Rooms.

NOTICE.

Matter for inclusion in parochial notes andreportsofCatholic organisations must be in handbyeach Thurs. .day to ensure publication in the current issues of"The Record"

Thursday and Friday, Nov. 16 and

Established 1874.

OfficialOrganof the Archdiocese of Perth.

Addressill communicationstothe Editor, BoxA35, G.P.O., Perth.

450 HAY STREET, PERTH, TELEPHONE: B6950.

PERTH, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1944.

Women in Industry

From the three historic Papal pronouncements on the social (order, four incontrovertible facts emerge. Firstly, the present Fsocial order is offensive to God and degrading to than; secondly, a !`remedy must be found and found quickly; thirdly, there is adistinctive Catholic solution, and lastly every Catholic is in conscitnee bound, by the impenetration of his environment with Ca1tholic ideals, to assist in the regeneration of society and in the restoration of social justice. Tlie great spiritual fundamentals which are the substratum of the whole question, need ni laboring i,—they occur naturally to every Catholic. Since the evils of Capitalism arise primarily out of aspirit of greed, Sovetousness and an inordinate love of money. it is obvious that the world must f.rst be regenerate(] in detachment from worldly goods and in the spirit of justice and charity. As for practical action we demand awidely distributed system of private and personal ownership. the stability of the family, and aliving wage under asystem of occupational groups.

In tine crusade for social justice. womankind has aplace of aparticular importance, both in its individual and corporate capac„nty. It is well within the scope of Catholic women's organisations, ;'for instance, to encourage the withdrawal of nvomen from industry.

4A great deal is talked and written about the freedom and emanci.,pation of modern women. It is most earnestly to be hoped that eno Catholic nvourun will be duped by these specious catch-words.

•If women ever imagined :hat the exchange of home ditties for ;those of afactory or shop represented an emancipation, she was .;sorer misled. In pre-Christian times, when slavery was the ;basis of society, women represented the lowest stratum in that or'

ganisation. They cou!d not marry, their children were not their ,own, sometimes even they were not permitted tohear children, some were dedicated to moral depravity as the slaves of pleasure. Christianity lifted woman from the social trough. and under the inspiration of the Ideal Famil y

of Nazareth, set her in the home to he the mother of children and the helpmate of her husband. No career in the ,vor!d cosmos can compare with the dignity of the Christian wife and mother.

•

1 Those families xiiich are so situated financially that their daughters need not work, and yet (lo so, commit agrave offence against social justice. Any girl who wilfully throws up ahome 1

life fortheserfdom ofacity emporium, unless under financial comIpulsion, betrays her very wonnanhood. She is more deserving of :pity than of censure. If there is one yoke in the modern world Imore ghastly than another, it is the boast of freedom from the twoman who has chosen acareer. If one seeks areason for the unparalleled wave of sexualistn which is sweeping tine world, of the increase in suicides and of unnatural vice, it will be found thatone ofthe major contributive causes is that so many men have been displaced by female labour. Finally, in those cases, now so tunhappily frequent, where women must work in industry to support themselves or dependents, the organisations should strive to institute the principle of equal pay for the sexes. This is c1ementary justice where awoman is doing the same work as aman with the same efficiency. There is no attempt to conceal that I

this is ameasure which would displace many women from indusItry. But, on the other hand, it would make room for then whod tare willing to marry and would tend to alleviate both social an •moral disorders of theworld.

Catholic Broadcasts

November 19:

Broadcast of Benediction from St. Mary'sCathed•1rral.at 7.90 p.m, by the choir of St.Iuuis'School;Claremont. Thisis the lastforthisyearofanew seriesofreligiousbroadcasts inaugurated by the Australian Broadcasting Commission (Station 6WN), with the idea of bringing to the public broadcasts of religious services' from the great Public Schools of the metropolitanarea. Thisyear the Catholic Public Schools have been represented by Santa Maria, Attadale, St. Brigid's, Lesmurdie,and,finally,St.Louis,Clare. mont. Next year others of our schools will beheard. Itisdesired that these broadcasts should be given directly from each college, and this will be done when chapels.with suitable organs are available. For the present the broadcasts will be given from the Cathedral.

The Benediction itselfwillbesung in Gregorian Chant, and the hymns will be taken from the official Hymnal adopted by the Archdiocese, the New Westminster Hymnal.

The preacher will be the Rev. J. G. Sexton, C.SS.R. The accompaniments will be playedby Miss Frances Moran.

December 8 (First Sunday of the month):

1lissa Cantata at 11 a.m., from St, Mary's Cathedral. The preacher will be the Rev. H. Later. The Cathedral Choir will sing the Mass "Orbis Fac. tor," by Vittoria.

December 8 (Sunday within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception):

Benediction from St. Mary's Cathedral. The preacher will be aJesuit Father. The Cathedral Choir will sing, under the direction of Father Lynch. The organist will be Miss Frances Moran.

The Catholic Answer:

Every Sunday night at 9p.m., Stations 6PR and BTZ.

1zAseries of talks will be given over 6WN, by the Rev, Dr. J. T. McMahon,

On Monday, November 20, at 8.15 p.m.,"John Boyle O'Reilly."

On .1lmday, November 27, at 8.15 P.M.:"John Boyle O'Reilly's Escape"

On Monday, December 4, at 8.15 p.m., on "Being aReal Person."

On Monday, December I1, at 8.15 p.m., on"Bettering Oneself."

CATI10LIC NURSES' GUILD

(Alecturewillbe given byDr, D. A. Quinlan to Catholic nurses at the C.G.M. Rooms,St. George'sTerrace, at 8p.m,onFriday,December 1. Acordial

invitation is extended to all Catholic nurses.

BUSSELTON

SUMMER MASS TIME TABLE.

Throughout thesummerseason, commencing from Sunday, November 5, Mass will he celebrated in Busselton at 7.30 a.m. on Sundays.

CATHOLIC WOMEN'SLEAGUE

canteen.

Phyllis Dean: November 24. Buffet: December 9.

Dunleavy House: November 21.

Members areasked to come alongon Wednesday afternoons and help wi.h the sewing for our Gift Afternoon on December 11.

Anyone having any patriotic sewing or knitting, is asked to hand it in at once.

Arrangements have been made for our monthly visitation to the Wooroloo Sanitarium. Anyone having any literature suitable for the patients are asked toleave it at our Rooms before 22nd. inst.

Flue Pipe for Stoves Bath $eaten, Stocks of Paints,Varnish, Calcomine. Husell'sStores,Perth,.. 8880'7.

•(.rcoioce6e

AROHBMEOP'S_RNGAGZKZNSS.

November 19: Canonical Visitation and Confirmation at St. Joseph's Church, Manjimup.

November 24: 7.30 p,m.:.Open Biennial Conference of the Hibernian Society.

November 26: Afternoon: Attend Annual Gift Day at St. Joseph's Orphanage ani Foundling Home; Subiaco.

November 26: 7.30 p.m.: Administer Sacrament of Confirmation at Aquinas College.

November 27: 8.30p.m.:OpenBazaaratSt.Mary's, Leederville.

December1: 8.30 p.m.: Open Bazaar at St. Columba's, South Perth.

December 9: St. Mary'sCathedral-3p.m.: Attend Annual Rally of the Holy Name Society and give Pontifical Benediction.

December 4: 3.30 p.m.: Administer the Sacrament of confirmation at St. Louis School, Claremont,

December 7:

7.15 p.m.: Administer the Sacrament of Confirmation at the Home of the Good Shepherd, Leederville.

December 8: 695 a.m.: Celebrate Mass at the Home of the Little Sisters of the Poor,"Glendalough."

8p.m.: Preside at Annual Distribu. tion of Prizes at St. Louis' School, Claremont.

December 10: 11 a.m.: Preside at,Solemn High Mass

in St. Mary'sCathedral, on the occasion of the celebration of the Titular Feast.

December 11: 8 p.m.: Attend ceremony of in. auguration of Catholic Girls' Move. ment at Fremantle.

December 15: 10 a.m.: Preside at Quarterly Conference of Priests of the metropolitan area, at the Chapter Hall, Victoria Square.

December22: 7p.m.: Administer the Sacrament of Confirmation to adults in St. Mary's Cathedral.

QUARANT'-ORE

NOVEMBER. 3rd.—BASSENDEAN and BELMONT: One Day of Exposition.

Brown Scapular

Seven centuries ago Mary gave the BROWN SCAPULARasasignofherspecial love and protection in life, at death, and even after death. By wearing it, you 'become her especially favoured child.

Information on the Scapular may be obtained from—

THENATIONALSCAPULAR HEADQUARTERS, 75 WRIGHT STREET, Middle Park, S.C.6., i\fELBOURNE, VIC. Write for Leaflets.

SCAPULARSand SCAPULAR MEDALS AVAILABLE.

The Lynn Scholarship

Two

Scholarships For 1'945

ftoicatfonsCloseJanuary22,1946.

The Trustees of the Lynn Scholars)tip announce that it is now possible to giTe two'Scholarships for 1945, in addition, the period ofScholarship difhemtothatwhichpreviouslyruled.The Scholarships will now be tenable for two years at aregistered Secondary School.

Applications for Scholarships will close on Monday, January 22, 1945, and should be sent to the Secretary, Mr. P. R. Jackson, Catholic• Church Offices,,Victoria Square. Applicants should observe the following conditions:-

1. Candidates must pass the Junior Examination.

2. The application must be accomponied by the report of the Head of the School, and must state:

(a) Subjects presented; subjects passed in junior.

(b) Resume of applicant's record in school, conduct and sport.

(c) The followingdetails regarding family and family income:'

1. Fither's occupation and salary, ormother'sincome, if fatheris dead.

2.Numberofchildreninfamily.

(3) Number of children earning, and amount of wage earnedbyeach child.

4. Number of children at school.

(Failure to supply this information will disqualify the candidate.)

3. Applications shouldbe accompani-

ed by acertificate of'birth. Candidate must not have completed his sixteenth year on the day he sits for the Junior Examination.

4. A stamped, addressed envelope must accompany the application, for the return of the certificate of birth.

The Lynn Scholarship isopen to Catholic boys attending any Catholic school in theArchdiocese ofPerth.The Scholarship, which may be taken out at any recognised Secondary School, provides for the payment of f25 per annum for two years, if the successful candidate elects to be aday pupil. If he ravishes to board, then the amount of £50 per annum will bepaid. The Trustees wish to remind those intending to apply that they should obtain the Headmaster's letter, as it is essen• tial that the application be accompanied by this letter. Candidates have experienced difficulty in the past in obtaining such letters owing to the absenceofthe Headmasteronholidays. Immediateapplication to Headmasters should therefore be made. The Lynn Scholarship cannot be held by aboy who holdsany other scholarship, exhibition or bursary.

The Trustees will meet on Tuesday, January 23, 1945, and their decision shall be final. These Trustees are: Very Rev. J. T. McMahon, D.Ph„ M.A. (Chairman); Very Rev.A. Kelly, S.J.;.Rev.J.Murphy, B.A.,L.Ph.: Rev. Brother W. V .Green, and Mr. P. R. Jackson, J.P.(Secretary).

Assistance For Native Mission Grows

Perth City Council- Annual.Elections

Polling Day:

"Saturday,November25,1944

MR. VERN HARROLD—

Property owner and resident in the Ward for over 20 years—is seeking election as your representative FOR THE NORTH WARD.

of the Faith in foreign lands, particularly in the South Seas.

Students will be accepted after'successful completion of the Junior (Intermediate) Examination.

Candidates will present testimonial letters from their Parish Priests, as well as from their School Superiors.

Young men interested in the Qtfissionary Brotherhood are also urged tomake inquiries.

For further particulars, write to---

REV. DANIEL DRISCOLL, :.V.D., MISSION SEMINARY, MARBURG, QUEENSLAND.

Considering the almost daily appeals to the financial generosity of our people, the initial response to the urgent S.O.J. on behalf of St. Francis Xavier's Native Mission at Wandering Brook has been quite encouraging. Recent press controversies must have heightened public interest in the native problem and have certainlyrevealed how imperative it is that immediate remedial action should be taken.

Nobody is better qualified to undertake this work than the Catholic Church, with its long, intimate missionary experience of 2.000 years. The Fathers, Brothers, and Nuns, who will undertake the foundation at Wandering Brook, have all qualified by years of practical work among the aborigines. Only one element can defeat their apostolic endeavours, and that is the lack of finance. Hence, Catholics are urged to subscribe generously that the Church may acquit herself worthily of this most laudable but arduous undertaking.

The following donations have been received:— i s. d.

Rev.T. English, South Yarra, Victoria..

.......... 5 4 0

AFriend........

...... 10 0

Mr.J.Hesford

............ 2 16

Mr. J. J. O'Heney • • ...... 50 0

Mrs. P. Hunt, Leonora .. .. •2 2 0

ACountry Priest........ 5 0 0

.... ..

.... ..

St. Philomena's School, Nar• rogin

C. D'Orsogna.Fremantle

Anonymous, Mt. Lawley

.... 80

.... 10

.... 10

Anonymous .. • • .... .. .. 10

AFriend

... 10

Loreto Ladies' Association.. 20

AWell Wisher: Quantity of tools.

Mrs. McGrath: Box door fittings, etc.

D. Smyth: Wash-handstand.

Zwo Tpes of Jmpediments to Varriay

Wedlock is Forbidden Within Certain Degrees of Kindred When the Law of the Land Conflicts With the Catholic Conscience f Why Weddings May Not Be Solemnised at

All baptised persons can receive the Sacrament of Matrimony, unless they 'are hindered from doing so by some :impediment. The Church has the `power of giving dispensations from :.most of the impediments, and once the dispensation is given, then the marriage becomes lawful. There are two kinds of impediments—hindering .impediments and diriment impedi'ments.

1. Hindering impediments make a marriage illicit or unlawful, but they :,do not render it null and void., The Church has the power of dispensing from these impediments. The following are,some of the hindering impediments:-

1. Certain Simple Vows: Vows are eithersolemn or simple. Solemn vows of poverty, chastity,and obedience are taken by some of the members of certain ReligiousOrders. Apriest at ordination takes asolemn vow of Chas. tity. in most other cases vows are simple.

The following simple vows render a marriage unlawful, but they do not make it null and void: —

simple vows of virginity, of chastity, of not marry1ing, of becoming apriest, of entering religion.

However, in some seligious Orders the simple vows of chastity taken by the religious have been made diriment impediments of matrimony by the Holy See.

2. Mixed Religion, or amarriage between aCatholic and abaptised heretic.

1I. Diriment impediments render a marriage null and void. Some diriment impediments awe their origin to Church legislation, and consequently the Church has the power of giving a •rli'spensation from. such impediments.

But there are other diriment impediments which come from the law of God and-from the very nature o£ mar-

City of Perth MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS.

Leederville Ward

Vote E.R.CADDY [11

who has given his whole time and energy to the interests of the Leederville District, lie is also agreat Patriotic, Social and Charitable Worker for all, irrespective of Class or Creed.

Inserted by Admirers.

(Authorised by Councillor E. R. Caddy.)

Specified Times

riage. The Church has no power of giving dispensations from this class of diriment impediments.

.The following are the chief diriment impediments:

1, Age: Aboy cannot validly marry _before sixteen, and agirl cannot do so before fourteen. This impediment is due to the Church's legislation and doe'snot apply to non-baptised people.

2. The Nuptial Bond: If aman and woman are validly married, neither of them can marry again while the other is alive. If full certainty cannot be had about the death ofone of theparties, the matter should be referred to the parish priest, and if he is not able to decide, recourse should be had to theBishopor to the HolySee.

3. Difference of Religion: Amarriage bethween a baptised Catholic and a non-baptised person is invalid without adispensation.

1. Ilolv Orders: This impediment affects all priests, deacons and subdeacons.

5. Vows: Members of religious Orders who have taken solemn vows cannot validlymarry. Wehavealsoseen that in some religious Orders the simple vow of chastity has been made a diriment impedimentbytheHolySee.

6. Blood-Relationship: This impediment has been changed by the new Canon Law, Aperson may now marry his or her third cousin, but cannot in asecond cousin or any other closer relation. i. Affinity, or relationshipcreated by marriage: Awidow cannot marry the first cousin orany'other closerrelation of her deceased husband. The same rule applies to a widower after his wife's death.

R. Spiritual Relationship arising from baptism: A god-father or god-mother cannot marry agod-child; the baptiser cannot marry the baptised.

9. Public Honesty: A man not not marry awoman's mother or grandmother, or her daughter or granddaughter if he had contracted an invalid marriage with that woman, or if it was generally thought that he was married with her. The same rule ap-

plies to aw•omp.

Forbidden Degrees of Kindred.

When marriage is said to be forbidden within certain degrees of kindred, this mean's, in the case of some degrees, that such unions cannot be entered upon without adispensation. There are, however relationships of so close anature as obviously to prevent marriage altogether. But in the case of some others people may be dispensed by the Church for sufficiently grave reasons, and rendered capable of matrimony.

aclassofhindranceswhichrendermarriagenulland void aswellasgrievously sinful; so that the contracting parties do not become trueman and wife in the sight ofGod andofthe Church, no matter what the civil laws of the landmay saytothecontrary. Bythe Decree"Ne Temere" of Pius X., in all countries(except for marriagesofGermans held in Germany) the marriage of aCatholic, whether "mixed" or with another Catholic, has been absolutely null and void, in conscience and before God, unless celebrated in the presence of the proper Catholic parish priest and two witnesses.

There is, however,anotherset of impediments which, while making marriage asinful act, do not impair its realityas avalidunion—eg., whenone o£ the parties is still betrothed to a third person, or has taken avow of celibacy,or marries in spite of the just and reasonable objectionsofparents to thematch.

The laws of the State relating to marriage may be at variance with the laws of the Church, which bind aCa. tholic's conscience. Such, in fact, is thecasetosomeextentinEnglandand the Dominions—one of the evil results of the Protestant Reformation. The matrimonial impediment of being already married forms anotable example of this. Yet no decree of divorce pronounced by English law-courts can release abaptised Christian in the sight of God from the bond of aprevious marriage, nor give freedom to contact another valid union as long as the previous partner survives.

Whatis theCatholicprinciple underlying this matter? The Church being appointed by Christ the sole guardian and dispenser of His HolySacraments, shealonehas power todeclare the conditionsfor theirvalid reception, -

This iscontained inhercommissionto teach the nations. Now, according to Catholic doctrine, marriage under the Christian law is necessarily a Sacrament, and no mere natural contract, as it isamong pagans. AbaptisedChristian cannot effect a real marriage without there and then receiving a Sacrament—the Sacrament of Matrimony.

All that theCivil Powercan lawfully claim is to settle and legislate for the civil effects of matrimony, with regard to property, inheritance, and other temporal maters. It has no right whatever to control the essential bond of marriage—nsacramental tie hallowed by the meritsof thePrecious Blood of Christ—either by declaring what is

or what isnotavalid union,orby pretending to dissolve the same after it has been once contracted. But it may by its own enactments re-enforce the laws of the Church. This is the ideal state of relations between the Church and the Civil Power.

marriage exists, the surviving part. ner tothatmarriage is incapable of re

. marrying with arelative of the deceased partner down to the fourth degree inclusive, except by dispensation. The latter is not uncommonly granted (for weighty reasons) when the person with whom marriage is contemplated does not stand related to the deceased partner in the direct line of descent.

Matrimonial dispensations are usualIf negotiated through the priest of the district,who will advise the applcants as to the methodof procedure.

Forbidden Times,

Notice, there is no time when wed. dings are absolutely forbidden. But from the beginning of Advent till Christmas Day (both inclusive), and from Ash Wednesday till Easter Sunday (both inclusive), theymustnotbe solemnised. Reverence for the peculiar sacredness of these seasons forms the basis of these restrictions.

Inwhat, then, does the forbiddensolemnity consist? First, andchiefly, in the bestowal of the Nuptial Blessing, orformofspecial blessingadministered to the bride, towards the end of the Wedding Mass, if there be one, or at the closeof theordinary marriage rite. This blessing is not given in amixed marriage, nor to awidow on her remarriage. The other forbidden elementsof solemnisation are great pomp and high festivity in celebrating the wedding.

No one, therefore. has cause to be scandalised at people getting married "quietly" during the closed times. Of coure, it would be the priest'sbusiness to omit the Nuptial Blessing. That blessing may, and should be, applied for privately later on, except in the two cases above specified. The responsibilities and trials of motherhood suggest the advisability of not lightly forfeitingthe grace attachedto the devout reception of this blessing.

But it is important to notice in this connection that impediments arising from blood-relationship, or from aperson's former marriage, do not merely make matrimony (without dispensation) wrong. but, moreover, belong

The forbidden degrees of kindred, according to the laws of the Catholic Church, extend to the fourth degree of relationship by blood inclusive. Thus, third cousins—i.e., great-grandchildren of brothers or sisters—stand just within the forbidden limits. Here, of course, we have acase of descent in collateral lines from acommon stock. But persons coming in,the same direct line of.descent, no matter how far removed, fall within the forbidden degrees—aquestion, however, which is hardly of any practical interest.

t0

When the relationship called"affinity"—springing from aprevious valid

TheUseAgainst"Cafducatian"

By PETER NEEDHAM.

Suggestionshave recently been mad, in the public Press that after the war acertain number of co-educational schoolswill be builtin this country, as an experiment. "Co-education" is a termwhich isusedin many senses. It might be used in awide sense, of any school which accommodates both boys and girls. In that sense many of oily Catholic schools are perforce"co-educational:' But the term usually signifies the definite association of the two sexes in classrooms and playgrounds, so that boys and girls all follow the same curriculum and play the same games.

Co-education in that sense is already widespread, especially in the United States, and is by no means unknown in some private schools in this country. Its defendersurge that such coeducation is ideal, for it extends to the school the natural association of the sexes which is found in normal family life. Further, its protagonists urge that in such co-education is to be foundasafeguard and cure for the admitted evils which often accompany -too strict asegregation of the sexes. Boys, it is urged, tend to become less rough, while girls tend to become less timid, and in general the relation between the sexes tends to become nor. trial and natural, with mutual respect and emulation.

Catholics, while recognising acertain measure of co-education as an unfortunate necessity in certain circumstances, have never favoured the thoroughgoing associationofthesexes in schoolroom and in playground. This atti. tude was confirmed and crystallised once for all in the plain statement of Pope Pius XI in his Encyclical on the Christian Education of Youth.

The Pope points out that co-education is largely based upon naturalism and the denial of original sin, and in every case"upon adeplorable confusion of ideas that mistakes alevelling promiscuity and equality for the legitimate association of the sexes. The Creatorhasordainedcomplete common life between the sexes only in matri. mony, and varying degrees of separation in the family and in society." in other words,while thereiscertainly an asociation of the sexes in normal family life, there is also acertain natural segregation or separation.

Absolute separation is,certainly not desirable,butequally, nature itself suggests and indeed requires a certain separation of the sexes even in the :'anvil. The same is true of the State. The Pope adds that"there is not in nature itself which fashions the tw

oquite'differentinorganism, in temperament, in ahilities, anything to suggest that there can be or ought to he promiseuity, andmuch lessequality, in the training of the two sexes. These, in keeping with the wonder["] designs of the Creator, are destined to complement each other in the family and in society preciselybecaueof their differenceswhichthereforeought tobemaintained and encouraged during their years of formation."

That is not only good pedagogy, but also sound common sense. After all, the two sexes are not intended even physiologi,udh• to fulfil the same function. And their mental development iq unequal and tends in different directions. Agirl is apotential wife and mother; aboy is apotential husband and father. The girl may and should look forward toruling in ahome; the boy should be prepared for acareer in' he canprovide forawife and children. There is,of course, the problem of the single woman and the bachelor and the modern tendency to throw open the professions to both sexes. But this tendency, whether good or bad, must not be allowed to override the natural association of the sexes in familylife.

Little Johnnystarted the day by introducingthecattothecanary. Next he upset the bowl of goldfish, twisted aknob off the wireless, took grand. dad's watch to pieces,and let the bath overflow.

The little fiend!" his mother said when she was told. "I'll punish him for that. Now he shan't go to Sunday school!"

Thesexes aredifferentbynatureand civilisation should respect that differ. ence, not try to act as if it did not exist. The levelling of the sexes can only result in the loss of thecharacteristiet which are the privilege and glory of each, and the aping of those oftheother.

An effirninate man is hardly an object ofadmiration: twhy should we admire a mannish woman? Yet it has been truly said that, of the two sexes, that which loses more is the female sex. For co-education tends to adapt the curriculum for girls, both in schoolroom and in playground, to thatoftheboysratherthanviceversa. Moreover, this modern tendency is incompatible with the equally modern insistence upon comparatively early specialisation.

If we rightly open schools with different directives—classical, scientific, commercial, and so on—because of the professionalbentof theboyor the girl which it is desired to encourage, why whyshouldnotthe essentiallydifferent and natural outlook of the future man and woman be provided for? There may be and should be anormal association of the sexes, with due safe. guards both in the family and in the church. But the place for the mixing of the sexes is emphatically not in the schoolroom or the school play. ground.

HolyFather and Premier Discuss "Many Fundamental Questions": 45-Minute Talk

The Holy Father and Mr. Churchill conversed for three-quarters of an hour inprivate when the Prime Minister went to the Vatican at the end of August. '

Usually, no official statement is made after aprivate audience, but on this occasion Vatican Radio announceed "During the conversation, which was marked by affable cordiality, many fundamentalquestionsweretouchedon relating to important problems of the present hour."

It is generally assumed that one of these"fundamental questions" concernedPoland,particularlythepresentcondition of Warsaw and the future of the country.

Mr. Churchill was paying his second official visit to the Vatican. He first went in 1027, when he was Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was received byPopePius XI andpresentedhisson. The present Pope was then Undersecretaryof State.

The Prime Minister's visit was announced two days after he had left for asecret destination.

Mr. Churchill drove to the Vatican accompanied by Sir Francis Oshorne, BritishMinister to the Holy See, Lord Moran, his personal physician, and his A.D.C.,Commddr. C. R. Thompson.

in the Courtyard: of S. Danano, inside the gates of Vatican City, he was received by Palatine Guards and detachments of other Guards. APrivy Chamberlain of the Cape and Sword escorted him in the lift to the reception halls and to the Holy Father's private apartments through another guard of honour.

Theaudiencetookplaceinthe Pope's private library.

When the Holy Father and the Premier had concluded their long conversation, Mr. Churchill presented Lord Moran and Commdr. Thompson.

Later the Maestro di Camera, Mgr. Melia di Sant' Ella, introduced ecclesiastical and lay membersofthe Papal Court.

The Holy Father has also received in private audience—lasting half an hour—General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson,SupremeCommanderofthe Alled Forces in the Mediterranean area.

Help .

the Souls in Purgatory

BY THE INFINITE VALUE OF THE ,HOLY MASS.

The Holy Mass is-the highest form of worship. Itis the sacrifice of Calvary renewed. One Mass gives God more praise and thanksgiving, makes moreatonement for.sin and pleads more eloquently thandoes the combined and eternal worshipof all the souls in heaven, on earth and in Purgatory. In the Holy Mass, it is Jesus Christ, God, aswell asMan, who isourIntercessor, our Priest and our Victim. BeingGod—as well as Man—His prayers, merits, and His offerings are infinitein value.

WhyShouldWeHear HolyMass?

TheMassisthebestmeanswehave:

1, To render God the highest form of worship; t

2. To thank Him for all His bless-

ings;

3. To make reparation for all cur sins;

4. To obtain all the blessings we desire:

5. To release soul. from Purgatory and to shorten our own time there;

6. Topreserveusfrom alldangers to soul and body;

7. To be consoled at the hour cf death, for at that moment theirmem. ory will be our greatest consolation;

8. To intercede for us at the %dgment Seat of God;

9. To bring down God's blessingtherefore, try to assist at Mass every day, or as often as possible, and always on Sundays;

10. To better understand the sublimityof the Passion ofChrist, and ther^fore, to increase our love for Him.

Methodof Assisting at Holy Mass.

It is acommon practiceto limit our prayer topetition. Thisis amistake. We owe God, first of all, adoration; secondly, gratitude. We can never thank Him sufficiently, though we were to employ eternity in so doing, for the innumerablegifts, materialand spiritual, temporal and eternal, which Ile has bestowed upon us. Life, re; rdemption,our Catholicfaith, preservation from grave sin, the grace of conversion, health, relatives, and friends— these are but afewof God'sgifts. Let its rejoice, therefore, to thank God by

meansofthe Holy Mass. Afteradoration and thanksgiving comes atunement. Prostrate in spirit at the foot of Calvary's cross, we should beg pardon for our sins which have thus nailed Christ to the cross. Let us ask Him to pour His Precious Blood overoursoulsthat theymaybecleansed from their stains.

MorningOfieriag

O Jesus, through the Immaculate Heart of(Mary, Ioffer Thee my prayers, works and sufferings of this day for all the intentions of Thy Sacred Heart, in union with the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass throughout,the world in reparation for my sins, for the intentions of all our Associates, and thatpriestsmay be imbuedwithApos. tolic zeal in the-Vineyard of the Mas• tqr. Glory be to the Father, etc.(three times).

Daily Offwing.

0my Jesus, Iinclude myself in all the Holy Masses, which are celebrated thisday throughout the world, andoffering them to Thee in union with the intentions of Thy Sacred Heart, Iimplore Thee to reserve for me, from each HolyMass,one dropofThy Most Precious Blood to atone for

my sins and their punishment.

Grantme also the grace ofobtaining through the merits of every holy sacrifice the release of%on(e poor soul from the pains of Purgatory, the conversion of one sinner, and also that one on in agony of deathmayobtain mercy, and that one mortal sin, which is sopainful to Thy sacredHeart,may beprevented. Amen.

Offering to theEternal Father.

Eternal Father, we offer Thee the Most Precious Blood, the Passion and Death of Jesus Christ, the sorrows of Mary most holy, and of St. Joseph, in satisfaction for our sins, in aid of the holy souls in Purgatory, for the needs of holy Mother Church, and for the conversion of sinners.

1, Divine Heart of Jesus, convert sinners, save the dying, deliver the Holy Souls in Purgatory.

2, Dear Lord Jesus, give them Eternal Rest!

3. Jesus, Mary, Joseph!

(Say these three short prayers often.)

Our Catholic Schools and Colleges

ORFMTIAN BROTHERS,MT. HENRY.

ONE OF THE ASSOCIATED PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF W.A.

AQUINAS COLLEGE

TELEPHONE: MU1530.

FOR BOARDERS AND DAY STUDENTS. BOYS ADMITTED FROM 7UPWARDS.

Beautifully Situated, overlooking the river, near the new Canning Bridge. For Particulars apply to-The Principal,Aquinas College,Canning Parade,Mt.Henry

SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL

HIGHGATE — PERTH.

(CONDUCTED BY THE SISTERS NOTRE DAME DES MISSIONS). BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. PUPILS PREPARED ALL EXAMINATIONS. MONTESSORI SCHOOL FOR YOUNG CHILDREN. For Prospectus apply— 'Fll:r.e: B3810. REV. MOTHER PRIORESS.

ST. ILDEPHONSUS' COLLEGE

NEW NORCIA

CONDUCTED BY THE MARIST BROTHERS.

Catholic boys recommended on thescore ofcharacter by their Parish Priest,and ready to commence atleast Shth Standard or arrivaL can be now enrolled for commeneementin February, 1966. Applications should be made at once. Acceptance during 1964 or 19U is no longs? possible.

For Particulars Apply to—THE BROTHER DIRECTOR.

SAY "ISAW YOUR AD. IN 'THE RECORD."'

.•Loreto Convent "Osborne" — Claremont! BOARDINGAND DAY 0OLLEGE.TheSchoolprovidesasoundeducation on modern lines in all branches of study. The pupils are prepared forallexaminations. ThaSchool is beautifully fituated between Ocean and River,in extensive grounds, with fine playing fields and private Swimming Pool in River. Telephone: F2135. Apply— MOTHER SUPERIOR.,

Tel.: MU149.

SuedeSkinsforFancyWork

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Community Church Pian Scouted by Dr. Mannix

_ Suggestions by certain community planners that in proposed housing schemes and community centres, there be acommon metting place for services, tobe used by the various religious bodies,were dealt with by His Grace Archbishop Mannix in Mel• bourne recently.

"Inconnectionwithhousingschemes," said HisGrace,"it has been suggested thatintheareaswhere new housesare to be built there should either be no provision for Church buildings or that there should be one common meeting house where all religions should endeavour to conduct their services according to their own ideas and their own conscience.

"Now, Idonotknow whatviewnon. Catholics will take of•this, but, speak• ing for the Catholic body, Iwish to make it perfectly clear that any arrangementof that kindTwill never sat• isfy the Catholic Church or theCatholic people.

"We have our own beliefs and our own religion,and these do not mix with the beliefs and religion of nonCatholics.

"Idonotwantto dwell on thematter, but Iwish at this stage to maketheCatholicpositionclear. Under no circumstances will Catholics be prepared to use acommon room orbuilding for religious purposes with non-Catholicbodids.

"We wish nowCatholics well. No doubt they will conduct their services all the better if they are not mixed up withthe Catholicbody. Ibelieve, too, thatwe shallconductour services more appropriatelyby havingourown buildings,nomatterwhatthecostmay be to the Catholic body."

US., BRTITSH,DUTCH 11'II,4.4ION ERS REDYTERNED FOR "SPYING;' SAYSJAPANESE.

DEATHS +

CORRY.—On November 3, 1944, at Kellerberrin'(suddenly), Agnes Amelia, dearly beloved wife QQf Harry (late Kalgoorlie Tramways),devoted mother of Frank (Perth), Bill(Fire Station,Boulder), Bert (Perth),Win (Mrs. Colin Kenworthy,Kellerber• fin), Ron (Mrs. Charles Kemrorthy, Kellerberrin), mother-in-law of Glad, Annie, Marj, Colin and Charles, fond grandmother of 14 grandchildren. Eternal rest grant to her, O Lord, and let perpetual light shine upon her.

DUNN.—Of your charity,pray for the happy repose of the soul of Mary Ann Dunn,who passed aiwayon .

November9,1944,mother of Hughand mother-in-law of Wynne.

Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy on her soul.

►Ti IN MEMORIAM - +

KENNEDY.—Of your charity, pray fortherepose ofthesoul ofmy dear brother, Mart, who passed away on November 14, 1937, at St. John of God Hospital.

Sacred Heart of Jesus, have mercy onhissou]. '

—Inserted by his loving sister, M. Kennedy.

RYAN.—In loving memory of James 'Bernard Ryan, who died on November 11,1942,at Nedlands.

Ever remembered by his loving wife and Vonnie,Charlie, Bernard andCharlene.

May he rest in peace.

wANTaD.

Near metropolitan beach or river, Furnished HOUSE or FLAT, or Board and lodging,family of six, for one month,from January 12; best references. G. Hickey, Mining Registrar.

Wanted immediately, Matron (over 45), forCastledare, Queen's Park,Ring Cannington 80, or write to Rev. Bra ther Superior.

18 AMERICAN ABBOTS PLAN RESTORATION OF 4VIONTE OASSINO ABBEY.

Plans for the restoration of Monte Cassino Abbey, destroyed in Allied bombardments, were made at the general chapter of the American•Cassinese Benedictine Congregation at Morristown,NewJersey.

Prescriptions Medicine' always

Carefully and Aoattrstely Dispensed and Delivered. Complete Stocks of Patent on hand.

'Phone: B5442.

REF, THIS MODERN PHARMACY FOR YOURSELF.

CORNER OF HAYAND 1RW1N STS.,PERTH

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SUITS, OVERCOATS, SPORTS COATS, TROUSERS, UNDERWEAR, HATS, SHOES, Etc....

American, British, and Dutch priests andmissionariesareamong"enemy national engaged in religious activity" in the Philippines whose "reinternment" hat been ordered by Japanese ocupation authorities, the Japanese Dome; agencydeclared in an English-language broadcast directed to North America and reported by U.S. monitors, the Office of War Information reports.

The Japanese agency said the rein• ternment step was taken because the misionaries"were found to have committed acts ofespionage and other undesirable activities:"

The broadcast quoted Katsuo Okazaki,acting spokesman of theJapanese Board of Information, as stating at a Press conference that "it was feared there might be more among these priests and missionaries who would make use of their position to the disadvantage of the Filipinos and Japanese, or would try to cause misunderstanding between the Philippines and Japan on the one hand and the Vatican on the other:"

The spokesman also was quoted as stating that the Japanese and the Japanese-controlled Philippine Governmentshave "very friendly feelings" towardCatholics in general and "the Vatican in particular:"

ST.PATRICK'S, CARET STREET, SOUTH PERTH.

Large Doll and Strollerbeing raffled, and will be on show on Thursday and Friday of each week in London Court Arcade. Tickets may be obtained thereat6c1.each,orbywriting to•-{firs. Burns, 62 Canning Highway, South Perth.

Sixteen Abbots and adelegate from each Abbey in the Congregation discussed the plans.

An appeal for funds is to be made to other religious bodies'in America. The Abbots of all the Benedictine Ab•, beys will act as representatives of the committee.

GOOD NEWS.—Latest Enamel Goa andWoodStoves,newandsecond-hand. W.A.StoveCo„WellingtonSt.

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HolyfatherfxpresEe•Deep.ConcernForLondonersDuringflyingBombBlitz ..."We Prayed for You Daily and Hourly"

Urges Resignation, Fortitude and Sentiments of Forgive

ness

God's Guidance asked for Rulers of England

DeepFatherly concern for Londoners in these "dark days" of the Flying Bombisexpressedby the HolyFather in two ape" letters brought from theVatican byArchbishopGriffin. They are addressed by His Holiness to the -

clergy and faithful of the Westminster Diocese,Northof the Thames, and those of the Southwark Diocese,South of theRiver. .."When destruction and death wererife among you, we prayed for you daily and hourly," writes the Holy Father.

In the letter to Westminster,His Holiness sacs he has been "immensely consoled"to hear that the priests and faithful"remain so faithfully and lovingly attached to us and share so understandingly our sorrows and our preoccupations."

To Southwark the Holy Father saysthat"whatwehaveheard of your life inspired by religion and devotion to the Church has been asource of great consolation to us."

His Holiness exhorts all to"bear your trials with Christian resignation and fortitude,and also with Christian sentiments offorgiveness,charity, and mercy,so thatGod mayreward in youwhat the worldwill admire in youan example of magnanimity inspired by the spirit of Christ'sGospel."

The Holy Father expresses confidence that priests and people will l;v their prayers,sacrifice and example help to bring about the conversion of their fellow-countrymen,'and urges them also to pray for "your rulers and for yourselves," so that the post-

warworld may be built on the principles of the Gospel.

Following are the full texts of the letters:-

To the Clergy and faithful of the Archdiocese of Westminster; PLUSPP. =.

BelovedChildren,health andApostolic Benediction.

The presence in Rome of your beloved Archbishop gives us the oppor• tunityof sending you our paternal greetings and the expression of our fatherly love.

It has been agreat joy for us to receive for the first time since his appointment to the See of Westminster yourdearArchbishop,andourwelcome to him will be one more proof to you of the confidence and affection we feel for him ,and the assurance we have that he will continue the noble tradi. tions of the now lengthening line of the Archbishops of Westminster.

We have been immensely consoled to hear that you, the worthy spiritual descendants of those martrys who in your land gave their lives for their fidelity to the See of Peter, remain so faithfully and lovingly attached to us and share so understandingly our sor• rows and our preoccupations.

You yourselves.. beloved children, werenottheleastof our anxieties.For you, yes you also, have had to peas through black days in this most terrible of all wars,and those days are stillwith you. We have sympathised deeply with your affliction,and when destruction and death wererifeamong you we prayed for you daily and hourly.

We exhort you to bear your trials with Christian resignation and fortitude, and also with Christian sentiments of forgiveness,charity,and also withsentiments of forgiveness,charity, and mercy,so thatGod mayreward in you what the world will admire in you-an example of magnanimity in. spired by the spirit of Christ's Gospel, and thus the present severe trials will bring forth for you and your fellowsufferers fruits of expiation and amendment,of spiritual elevation and of eternal life.

More than ever before you must persevere in prayer to Almighty God, to the Blessed Virgin-remembering yourcountry'sproud titleofDowryof Mary-to your great patron saints, especiallySt.Thomas ofCanterbury, St. Thomas More,and St.John Fisher, so outstanding in their heroic fortitude, imploring with humble faith divine protection for yourselves and all the citizens of your Empire.

Our lively hope and confident conviction is that You will work towards the realisation of universal harmony in Christ, while in word and act, through STOVES-Wood. Gas; newand need. Goodstockspaints,enamel,sprinklers,

prayer, personal sacrice and the shining example of asincere Christian life, you help those millions of noble souls who are your separated brethren to return to the fold, and so make your contribution towards the establishment on earth of the reign of Christ, the Prince of Peace.

"Seek Christ'sGuidance for Rulers,"

We exhort you to seek in humble prayer guidance from Christ for your rulers and for yourselves,so that the reorganisation,the rebuilding of the entire public and social fabric after the warmaybeanimatedby theprinciplesoftheGospel;andthattheHoly Spirit may descen$on this tortured world,bringing back once more brotl,

erly love.- For, as we are borne on the dread waters of the devastating !food of war, only with the return of love betweensnenshall we deserve to seetheDovecomebacktouswithoutstretched wings,carrying asign that the waters of death have receded and the haven of Peace is in sight.

With thisconfidence we express to You from the depth of our heart our fatherly affection and our hope for the greater Christian prosperity of your great country. And while for your dear land as for each one of you Iwe implore ofGodprotection and consolation, we lovingly impart to you as apledge of our paternal solicitude the Apostolic Blessing.

Given in Rome from St. Peter's, Feast of Our Lady'sAssumption, August 15 ,1944, the sixth yearof our ponficate.

PIUS PP. XII.

To theClergyand faithful of the Dioowe of Southwark.

PINS PP. SII.

Beloved children,health and Apostolic Benediction.

We are very happy to take advantage ofan extraordinary opportunity to send You amessage of fatherly affection.

that they might be stirred by charity for the sufferings of the civil populations,for the women and helpless children, for the sick and old, who are often exposed to more immediate and greater dangers of war than the men in arms at the frontI"

All on bothsidesof thebattle line. who share your lot,coarse within the embraceof our very special fatherly care and affection. You are in our thoughts and in our prayers,that AlmightyGodin His mercy may transformyourpresentsufferingsintograces and blessings for you and your dear dead.

What we have heard of your life inspiredbyreligionanddevotiontothe Churchhasbeenasource ofgreat consolation to us, and leads us to address to you the words of the Apocalypse (2, 19) to the Church of Thyatira:"I know thyworks and thyfaith and thv charity,and thy ministry and thy pa. tience."

WeakeningandBreak-upofReligion.

Themoreyou may,perhaps,bewitness to the shifting uncertainties tbst presage aweakening and break-up of religion,so much the morelook steadfastly for security and protection to therock ofCatholic truth,which is Christ and in Christ,Peter and'his successors,andsomuch thebnore attrelymake your faith themeasure of all yourconduct.Be assuredthat in this way you will be helping thousands of your fellow-citisens,who are seeking God,tofindthewayofTruthandSalvation.

Beloved Children,nve hope, as you also hope, that God may soon put a merciful end for all concerned to the needofwar.

But the world will not know what true peaceis unless thehearts of men are first filledwith the spirit ofpeace, and all,of whatever party or nation theybe,are fullypersuaded that they

are children of God sad brothers of Christ.

In thishour, then,that is so critical for the fate of all mankind,pray with all the fervour of your souls that the "love ofGod and the long-suffering of Christ"may dominate the spirit of all peoples and especially of statesmen.

In token of*which and as apledge of our paternal affectLn we impart to your beloved Shepherd, our revered Brother, to his fellow-workers in the vineyard of the Lord,to you all, ea, peciallyto your dearones at thefrontand to your little ones,the Apostolic Benediction.

From the Vatican on the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

(Signed)PIUS PP. XII.

FASCISTS SAY CHURCH CAUSED ' ITALY'SFALL:

The Catholic Church, because of its anti-Fascist and pro-Allied attitude, played agreat part in the collapse of Fascist Italy,says the press of Northern Italy.

"Numerous Fascists," states Milan's "Pomeriggio," for instance,"sent their souls to confessional (that is,Catholic)schools, where they are taught apacifist doctrine which is far from the heroic and warlike atmosphere which Fascism has attempted to create."

AReckoning.

The "Regime Fascista," of Cremona, saysthe Vatican,is responsible forthe bombing of Italy. "Vatican circles," it declares,"told Cardinal (sic) Spellman that if Italy submitted to terroristbombingsitwould collapse..,.

"Italy'sdefence and ourCatholic traditions cannot be entrusted to our priests. In the case of victory we shall have areckoning."

Our greetings and good wishes f!) of all to our venerable Brother, your revered Archbiship,whose long years of zealous service have earned for him your love and gratitude: anc then they reachouttoyou all, belcve:l Children.

You are among those-we know it -who have been put to ahard trial under the horrors of air warfare, and voursufferings areagain beingrenewed intensely to-day.

Mindful of your afflictions, what can we do but repeat the'deeply earnest words of our Easter message of 1911, which we have pronounced more than once since that day when speaking of airattacks thathavestruck at resid^n. tial districts:"Oh that the belligerents -for they, too,have human hearts e —

ALLPURPOSE

OVERALLS ... 26/6

Ladies' all purpose Overalls, buttoned from neck to hem, pockets and short sleeves. Shades of blue, green and white.Guaranteed fast and washable. S x

S\C to W., 26/6 each, l'.S., 2S/6 each. 13 coupons.

T

GRAFTON FROCKS . ... . 42/-

Grafton Anti-shrink Frocks in spots or stripes, featuring Rever collar, pockets, two box pleats in front, short or long sleeves. Guaranteed fadeless and wash. able. XSSW to W., 42/•: XW. 46/11. 13 coupons.

'BRYANT & WATERS, 80 to90STIRLINGST.,PERTH.

WOOD &COALMERCHANTS, Orders Promptly Attended To. 'Phone:BS936.

BUNBURY.

LAND and ESTATE AG=NT, G. H. TEEDE.

'Phone 31 .. .. .. Private 267 SMITH'S BUILDINGS, WELLINGTONST., BUNBURY, Businesses,Farms,Hoses,Land For Sale.

EALGOORLIE.

J. W. SHEEHAN, PRIME BELT BUTCHER

HANNAN ST., KALGOORLIZ. MARITANA STREET. Tel.438.............Tel.438

Patronise Our Advertisers. ALEX RODOREDA

Turf Commission Agent 802 HAY STREET. AGENT FOR W.A. CHARITIES. Ring B6841 and 36236.

Randolph Knapp (W.A.O.A.). sxoB:T.TESTzNoOPT=&N. 12 ATWELL ARCADE, FREMANTLE L15M.

ALBANY.

ti.C.PriorFuneralDirector ALBANY (Established 1921). PrivateMortuary.MotorVehicles. ChargesModerate. 'Phone 215.

Albany,Mt.Barker,Denmarkand Districts,

WEREYOUONEOFTHELUCSYONOTMST=

Catholic Girls' Movement

HEADQUARTERS AND CLUB ROOMS:

Bank of N.S.W. Chambers, 65 St. George'sTerrace (near Sherwood Court)-Rooms:7.30 First Floor. • CALENDAR.

MONDAY: Shorthand,5.15 p.m. Liturgy, 8p.m.

TUESDAY: Physical Culture, 7--8 Arts andCrafts,8p.m. Orchestra, 8p.m. Dramatics, 8p.m.

p.m.

WEDNESDAY:

Red Cross-E,S.C., 8P.M. Dressmaking, 7p.m, Shorthand, 5.15 p.m.

THURSDAY: MASS, 8a.m. EXPOSITION. BENEDICTION, 5.15 p.m. Choir, 8p.m.

SATURDAY:

Gremlins' Club. 3p.m.

RIVERTRIP: November22, leaving Barrack-street Jetty, 8p.m.

HOUSE PARTY: November 23, at 143 Matlock-street, Mt. Hawthorn, •

ATTENTION,GREMLINS!

On Saturday next, November 18, we have decided togo toQueen's Gardens for the afternoon. There ,willbe plenty of fun, including atreasure hunt, sobe at the C.G1M. Rooms at3p.m. sharp.

HALAMUNDA ?BUSY BEE.

Any member who would like to go up to the Kalamunda Hostel on aSaturday afternoon and help put the grounds in order willbe very welcome. The bus leavesopposite the oldG.P.O. at 1.30 p.m. Be sure and wear your old clothes and come and join in the fun.

HOUSE PARTY.

An attraction for members is a House Party, to be held on Thursday, November223, at PatWeeding'shome, 143 Matlock-street, Mt. Hawthorn, in aid of the Sports Queen. As the Queen Competition closes on November 30, we?would like as many members as pussible to attend and male thiseveningasuccess.

RIVERTRIP.

As these excursions have proved so popular, it ha's been decided to hold another river trip on Wednesday, November 22. Theboatwill leave as usual from the Barrack-street Jetty at 8P.M.

TENNIS.

After many efforts to form this acivity, the have:,tlastbeen able to arrange for courts at Robertson Park each Saturday afternoon. We would like all tennis enthusiasts to slip into the office and put their names down •t

the list attached to the notice board. Watch this column for further particulars.

PROPAGATION OF THE FAITH.

How big are your problems?

The Catholic Church has a global problem-the conversion of the world. Learn to consider the Missions as part of your ordinary life as amember of the Catholic Church. Read about -them, hear about them, and think about them.

Catholics should pray for the \fissions as they would pray for areal personal need-as they would pray for something that is definitely and intimately connected with their own chances of salvation.

"Go and teach all nations, baptising their. in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost."

CANTEENSERVICE.

Phyllis Dean Hostel: Sunday, November 19.

Town Hall: Sunday ,December 31.

Important: Under no circumstances will amember be admitted without a badge, and girls attending on Sunday are asked to be there at 2pm. In future canteen will be held in the Town Hall on Sundays only when an. nounced.

Old clothes needed by the Society of St.Vincent dePaul for distribution to the poor. Parcels may be left at"The Record"Office,00Say-street,

Living With the Church

MASS CALENDAR FOR THE WEES.

November 19-Twenty-fifth Sunday after Pentecost: Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Elizabeth. 3rd. prayer of St. Pontianus. 4th. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of the Trinity.

November20-St.FelixofValois,Confessor: ' Mass "Justus." 1st. prayer of the Proper. 2nd. prayer for peace.

November 21-Presentation of the BlessedVirgin:

Mass "Salve" from the Common of the B.V.M. 1st. prayer of the Proper. 2nd. prayer for peace. Creed. Preface of the B.V.M.

November 22--St.Cecilia,Virgin and Martyr

Ma Proper. 2nd. prayer forpeace. November 2"t. ?Clement I., Pope andMartyr: Mass proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Felicitas. 3rd. prayer for peace.

November 2"t.John.of the.Cross, Confessor and Doctor: Mass "In medio." 1st. prayer of the Proper. 2nd. prayer of St. Chrysognus. 3rd. prayerforpeace. Creed. Common Preface.

November 26-St.Catherine, Virgin and Martyr: Mass "Loquebar." 1st. prayer of the Proper. 2nd. prayer for peace.

General Communion and Breakfast.

The following are the transport arrangements made -for the branches mentioned:

'St. Mary's, Leederville: Leave Scarborough Bus Garage, North Beachroad, 7.15, and traverse North Beachroad, Oxford-street and Vincent-street to Beaufort-street.

St. Malachis Branch, Highgate: Leave corner Beaufort and Haroldstreets, at 7.35.

St. Kevin's Branch, Subiaco: Leave St. Joseph's Hall, McCourt-street, at 7.30, and traverse Axon and Haystreets, Holy Rosary Branch, Shenton Park: Leave St. Aloysius' Church, Henrystreet, at 7.30, and traverse Nicholsonroad, Thomas-street, and King's Parkroad.

St. Joachim's, Victoria Park: Leave Victoria Park Post Office at 7.30.

Members of other branches should ascertain the arrangements from branch secretaries.

Biennial Conference.

TheConference will be officially openedby HisGrace theArchbishopat the Parish Hall, Harold-street, Higbgate, at 7.30 p.m. on Friday,24th. inst., and will becontinued atthe same place on Saturday, the lath. Delegates are requested to attend for the opening of the Conference promptly at7.30andto bring their regalia.

St. Mary's Branch, Leederville.

At the meeting held anthe8th.inst.. Sister Mary Markey, who presented transfer from St. Malachi's Branch, was w.lcomed. Arrangements were made forthe participationofthemembers in the annualgeneral Communion and breakfast on 20th. inst., and the riverpicnictobeheldonthe 19th.inst. Special arrangements were made for the active continuance of the tennis activity during the summer months. Three delegates were appointed to the Biennial Conference. The meeting on Wednesday next will commence at 7.30, to make way for the complimentary social in honour of Sister Joyce and Brother Angus Willett, to be held after the meeting.

AMEMORABLE MONTH.

Novemberwill be amemorablemonth in your life if you win one of the big prizes in aCharities Consultation. Buy aticke tto-day in the No.230bConsui-

By "LAURI."

The pleasant looks that silently Among our household treasures take familiar places, And are to us as if aliving tongue Spake from the printed leave of pictured faces) —Longfellow.

BOOKS! YOURGD(TPROBLEM SOLVED.

We have chosen books for all ages and they are now on view in our new book department. Christmas will be upon us before very long, and now is the time to abandon all worry about the inevitable"Christmas Box." We will include afew books each week in our notes for the benefit of those who maynot be able tocallat the Library and inspect them. Country readers are assured of prompt attention to all written enquiries. Here are afew books that will charm any reader:

"My Friend Flicka" ()Mary O'Hara); "ISaw Two Englands,""In the Steps of the Master," ,

In Scotland Again," andl"Middle East" (all by H.V. Mon ton); "A Little Harvest" (Dr. J. P. .kIeMahon); "Tales From the Dead Heart" (an Australian story by John K. Ewers) ; "King in Prussia" (Ray phael Sabatini); "Faith the Root" (Barbara Frances Fleurv) : "Flights and Furloughs in the Middle East" (Helm): "Poland's Progress" (the story of acountry told in pictures and prose. This is abook which will increase in value as time goes on. "A Lantern in Her Hand" (Streeter Aldrich);"Upon That Mountain" (Eric Shipton), etc., etc.

JUNIOR LIBRARY.

Just afew of the upto-date bo-ks we have included in this section for boys and girls who love tales of heroism and adventure: "The Horn. of Merlyns" (astory dedicated to the evacuee children of England) ; "The House of Simon (another evacuee store, this time in Portugal);"Beyond the Ocean Rim" (athrilling story of the menmho went out to conquer the new world—in the days of Raleigh); "North With the Pintail"(the adven• tures of Mat and Dick in the Artis); "When HelenSails South" (adventures in the Mediterranean; "The Quest of the Luck" (atip-top holiday book): "Stand by to Surface" (a submarine thriller forthe boys,and another thrill. er about seaplanes,"Sea Flyers;" an old favourite, "Kim," by Rudyard Kipling.

ASubscription to the Library for a year or half year is also agift suggestion which would delight a reader. You may present it on our printed subscription card. Write in for it:

OneYear (2books).. 12/6

Six Months .. .. .. 7/6

THEWEEK'SBOOK REVIEWS.

H. V. Morton'sLatest Book: 'ZSaw Two Englands"

In this book H.V.•lforton describes his last glimpse of pre-war England and his first impressions of England atwar.

He describes two journeys, one tak. en in May, the other in October, 1939. In the first journey, which deals with pre-war life and the sights of pre-war England, the author visits the South Country, Kent, Sussex,Hampshire, and travels as far north as Northamptonshire. In the second journey, Mr. Morton gives his impressions of the war machine as it slipped into gear. His book ends after Dunkirk with Home Guards watching over the vil. lages of England.

Saluteto the Village(Fay Inchfawn):

The Village, half-hidden in its green setting of trees and meadowland. with its little houses tucked edgeways in the valley, its slow, quiet river and running streams, its small greychurch on the hill, the cows in its rich pas• tures, the pleasant inn and old mill; the Village, with its grumbling, friendly, warm-hearted, gossip-loving inhabitants—thisis the Village for whichSep-tember, 1939, began an age of un• dreamed-of changes and problems, sorrow andfear, good companionship and pride. Each of us knows just such avillage,andthosewhoknowonemost intimately will be best able to appre. ciate the fidelity of this West Country chronicle of the first threeyears of war. From the coming of the evacuees—that time of revelation and heart-searching—to the Christmas when long-silent bells rang out again in hope of victory, the Village is revealed in all its littleness and greatness.

FOUND.

Ablackkidglove andaRosaryhave been found at Library. Owners may have same on application.

tbird order of St. Traneis

On Wednesday, November 1, there was ameeting of the Third Order Council at the Franciscan Club, with Rev. E. McBride, the Director of the Perth Fraternity, in the chair, assisted by Brothers Mulligan (Prefect), Colbert(Sub-Prefect), Docherty (Novice 11laster), Arnold (Coui,sellor), and Sisters McCarthy (Secretary), Brown (Treasurer), Purse (Novice Mistress), Carmody (Counsellor), Bone,and Arnold(Promoters).

On Sunday, November 5, the usual first Sunday meeting took place, at which four sisters, who had fulfilled their year of novitiate, were professed. Sisters Clydesdiale, Caldwell, Duffy and Woods. Fourmorewere received into the Order, Mesdames Fogarty, Parker, Ramsay, and Brother Engelbrecht.

The Rev. Director of the Fraternity, having concluded a year's novitiate was likewise professed, which humble act caused intense joy, pleasure and edification to his brothers and sisters in the Third Order, who are, besides, his spiritual children.

During the business hour the Secretary read aletter from the Promissary of the Third Order of St. Francis in Sydney, asking for numbers of the Perth Fraternity, etc. Another from Rev. Brother Dowd, thanking the members for the splendid result of their labours on fastledare Field Day, when U92 was handed in on behalf of the orphans.

The Tertiaries wish to sincerely thank all the very kind outsiders who belped to make their stall so successful, and regret that names were left out in last week's issue of "The Record" These were 1Ir. H \McDermott, manager of Betts and Betts ',

hoe Stores, who kindly displayed Xmas stocking; also Manager of Kentucky Tea Rooms.

The Franciscan Club will hold an American Tea on December 14, at 3 p.m., and trust that it will be well patronised, to raise fundsfor theClub The ideaistobring apresent and buy apresent. Aftvrioon tea mill be provided at 6d. ahead. All come along and bring afriend, or several, please.

Again Pro-War Quality Roof Paint, 28/-gal. MillWhite,4/-tin.Hassell's, 559 Wellington Street,

Wholesale BUT

CHER and Retail FOR REAL PRffiE, TENDER !SEAT, TRY E.

J. MARCH

LtabMahsd !tiYears. 110 GROSVENOR ROAD,HT:LAWLEY. GOODSERVICE ANDDAILYDELIVERY.

'Phone: B7453.

RelaxSoap will takethehard work out of wash days for YOU. Relay.isgentleonthe fabricandyourhands;washes clothes asnowy white; and NO hard rubbing is necesEASY_ sary. AlwaysuseRELAXin YOUR washtub. (Obtain• able in three sizes.)

MADE IN W.A.BY WZ3TRALLAN SOAPSLTD.

Hotel and Accommodation Guide

On the Road to City Beach.

'Phone: B3418.

Wembley Hotel

First Class 'Accommodation.

M.CRANLEY, Proprietor. COUNTRY.

DUKE OF YORK HOTEL, NARROGIN. Reconditioned and Refurnished New Lounge,Dining Rooms, and Commercial Rooms.

ARTHUR BOYLAN, Proprietor. (Late George Hotel, Perth).

GOLDFIELDS.

Rod Beaton's HANNAN'S HOTEL, HANNAN STREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR & GARTER HOTEL,

Cnr. HANN.iN & NETHERCOTT STS., KALGOORLIE. BERTSTARR .... Proprietor.

'Phone 19......... Box 144. AUSTRALIA HOTEL, KALGOORLIE.

C.T.A. and R.A.C. HOUSE. One Minute from St.Mary's Church.

Hot and Cold•Water in Hotel Bathrooms.

RefrigerationThroighout. Only Lock-Up Garages in the CentreofTown. M.J. DILLON, licensee.

KEOUGH'Sfor CATERING

Any Number,Place,orThne.

ThreeReceptionRoomsforHire. On Hire: Crockery,Cutlery and Glassware,etc. 'Phone:B9454. GLAD KEOUGH. NEWCASTLE ST., PERTH.

FREEMASONS HOTEL, TOODYAY.

Excellent Oulsine, Amatice Refrigerator Installed .Old and New Friends are Cordially Welcomed.

HOTEL PERTH.

JACK EDDINGTON, Proprietor, EXCELLENT

STAN. O'BRIEN,

HOTEL BEACONSFIELD, FREMANTLE.

the Ocean.

SUBIACO HOTEL.

VICTORIA

the results will thrillyou.

Feltisanotherexcitingmedium that offers unlimited scope for your ingenuity. It is on sale in Foy'sHomecraftSectioninmany lovely colours. Hereisagrand opportunity for you to save money by making your own Christmasgifts this year.

M

LSTwo allotment hoders me. Well, are your hens laying well?" "Rather. Up to now not one has laid asingle bad egg." # #

Agrocersaid to ayouthinhisshop: "I hear your folk are going to New Zealand shortly. Are you going to settlethere?"

"Er, well, Idon't expect so," said the boy, "Ifancy we'llkeep on having thingscharged, the same as here!" # # *

Thedoor-to-doorsalesmanwasnotat all welcome.

"If you are not off my doorstep i n thirty seconds," said the householder, "I'll—"

'Now, what can Isell you i n

half a minute?" replied the salesman,cheer. fully.

A woman was telling a neighbour how clever her little son, Johnny,was.

"What'stwo and"two,Johnny?" said hisproudmother.

"Five," replied Johnny.

"See that," remarked his mother, "he'sonly one off it!"

The Dutch have the reputation of beingveryeconomicaland verycareful in watching the detail'sof domestic affairs,no matter how small.

"Heiny!" called the father.

"Vat?" answered his son.

"Run out and count them geese again, Heiny."

"All right:"

Ifeiny went; Heiny returned.

"Heiny!" said thefather, "Vat?" said the son.

"Did you count them geese again, Heiny?"

"Yes."

"How many vos dey, Heiny?"

"Von:'

"Dalsright, Heiny."

Tommy Jones came home from school with ablack eye.

"What have you been up to?" his mother demanded.

"I've been fighting Johnny Briggs," Tommy confessed.

"Well, take him this cake and make friends."

HLE-

During the hiscry esson the eacher.pointed out to the class that asurname often indicated the trade of the ancestors of those who bore the name. Ile gave the obviously simple exam. ples of Smith, Taylor, and Baker.

Then he questioned oneof the boys:

"What .were you ancestors, Webb?"

"Spiders, sir!"

A Red Indianofconsiderable culture ,

wasengaged to play apart in aHollywood film.

One day, while he was in the studio awaiting instructions, afilm star approached him with the idea of show. ing alittle consideration to"the poor savage."

Well," he said kindly,"how

do you likeourcity?"

"Very well, thank you," replied the Red Indian; "how do you like our country?"

Aroad-hog known for his determination never to be overtaken was going atgreat speed one day when he heard an insistent "honking" behind him.

He turned and 'saw, just on his wheels, ababy car driven by awild. looking individual.

Back he turned to his wheel, down went the accelerator pedal, and up rushed the speed indicator.

Seventy—eighty miles an hour were touched, but still the hooting continued.

At last, worn out, the speed maniac slowed down and drew to the side of the road.

"Come on, then, if you must pass," he cried.

"I'm sorry," said the driver of the baby car."but I'm hooked on."

Adam and Eve ,

were naming the animals of the earth when along.came a rhinoceros.

"What shall wecall thi s one

?" as

ke

d Adam.

"Let's call it arhinoceros:"

"But why arhinoceros?"

"Nell, because it look s more

lik e a rhinoceros than anything we've named yet."

* * *

keye.

Tommy did so, but in the afternoon he came home with another bla c

"Good gracious!" his mother ex. claimed. "What's happened now?"

Ile did it again," Tommy said, sad. Iv. "And he wants more cake to. morrow."

* * *

Ifelmer has not been married very long.

Palmer: "Congratulations, old man! Ihear that your wife comes from a very old family."

Helmer: "Comes? She has brought them withher."

# # *

"Spare acopper, mum, or a meal, for apoor bloke what's just left prison?" the tramp said.

"Just left prison?" the housewife snapped. "You shouldbeashamed to own it,"

"Oh, Idon't own it, mum," he said, gently. "Iwas only alodger, like:"

A hard-driving taxi-man ignored a red signal, threatened the traffic policeman'sknees,missed thestreetisland by an inch, and grazed abus, all in one dash.

The policeman hailed him, then strolled over to the taxi, pulling abig handkerchief from his pocketen route.

"Listen, cowboy!" he growled."On your wayback I'll drop thisand see if youcanpickit upwithyour teeth."

An inmate of an asylurn was about tobe discharged ascured. As hewas preparing to leave, the superintendent called him in and asked about his plans.

"Well," was the reply,"Iwas admitted to the Bar, so Imay practise law. Iused tobe an accountant, so Imay become abookkeeper. I speak six languages, so Icouldbe an interpreter.

If Ifind the going tough, Imay become ahouse painter or acarpenter:"

With that he arose, placed his left hand on his hip, the back of hisother against his forehead,extended his fingers, and added:"Or—Imay become atea kettlel"

Although as big and as strong as the policeman who had arrested him, the man with the close-cropped hair and brutal face allowed himself to be marched towards the police station.

There had been the usual crowd in anticipationofascrap,butit haddrift. ed away when they saw there was nothing doing, Even the policeman admitted it was the tamest arrest he had made for years.

"It isn't like you to go so quietly," he remarked. "What's taken all the ginger out of you?"

The prisonersighed.

"I've got my best clothes on."

*

The chairman rose to introduce:fir. Wise, the lecturer. Hefound it necessary to mention that during the preceding year the membership of the society had fallen off considerably. This, he continued, had resulted in adeplet. ed treasury, making it necessary to depart Irom'their usual type of speaker for the current year,"the first of whom," beamed the chairman, innocently."Inow have the great pleasure in introducing."

Avery green couple from the deep country were on their honeymoon. A town friend had recommended aLondon restaurant where shellfish were a speciality.

"Oh," said the bride, after scanning the menu, "Ithink I'll have a dozen lobstersl"

"Lobsters, madam?" echoed the waiter. "Do you mean that?"

"Of course she means lobstersl" The groom gave the waiter asevere look. "And you maybringmeadozen, too:

In due course the waiter appeared staggering under two trays piled hich with the red shellfish. He placed a dozen in frontof the girl and adozen in front of the man.

The young husband looked at them aghast. So did his bride. She was thefirsttorecoverher speech.

"Don't you think,dearest," she said. ,.

thatmavheitwasoysters Harold told u's to get?"

Dear Cornerites,—Well, Ithink the hot weather is here to stay now, arA Christmas is notvery far off, Perhaps, a's aChristmas gift to the Bushies, some of you would like to fill in a prick card.

The raffle will be drawn next week, and some very lucky little girl will receive alovely(lolland pram. Don't forget to watch the page for the result. Perhaps you'll be the lucky one

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—IIerewith please findenclosed2s. Froman EX-GOLDFIELDS BUSHIE.

Dear Bushie,—Many thanks for your contribution and the stamps you sent along. Thee were both welcome gifts.

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Bes'sy,—Please find enclosed 10s., in honour of the Sacred Heart, Our Blessed Lady, and St. Joseph. Will you pleasesayaprayer for A PARISHIONER OF QUEEN'S PARK.

Dear Parishioner of Queen's'Park,— Once again the half-note in my mail. You are indeed deservingof theprayer you request.

AUNT BESSY.

:i3 Furniva]-street, Narrogin.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—it is over ayear since Ihave written to you, so I should have something to give you. Well, bow are your little Bushie chili dren? Ihave afew stamps to send to you for the Lemonade Bottle. Will you send me aprick card, please. The First Communicants made their first Communion to-clay, and theydid enjoy their breakfast. Oh, well, Aunt Bessy, news is scarce to-day, and Ihardly ever write letters and Iforget all the news. Good-bye, Aunt Bessy.—Your loving niece, MAUREEN NicCARTHY.

Dear Maureen,—Yes, you certainly should have some news after such a longtime. ireally thought you'd for. gotten about me altogether. Thank

Lemon.ti(b,

Nllle

ACKNOWLEDGED WITH THANKS s. d.

Parishioner of Queen's Park.. 10 0

Another Aunty••........ 10 0

\l. E. R............... 5 0

Ex-Goldfields Bushic .. .. .. 2 0 Lucky .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 rnDunn,nun•mm•unuuninnunnwmunuum•unen•ru T. VIVIAN, 143 Rokeby-road,Subiaco, W1539 FOR SEWERAGE CONNECTIONS W1539.

Bad Water Pressure, Broken Pede•ta' Pans, Blocked Sewer Drains, C;oerand Roof Repairs, T\' Eleadligh , )tasks m App, ',. v,

J. NEILSON, Optician

S. DANNELL, F.S.M.C.(London), W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST, Tel,: B2014. 15 PLAZA ARCADE, PERTH.

you very much, Maureen, for the stamps, and Ithink you will have received your prick card by this. I'm glad to hearabout thelittle First Communicants. Whatagreatday itmust have been for them.

AUNT BESSY.

Tarin,Rock.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Will you please send me some tickets in the doll and pram raffle for my three sisters, Dorothy, Therese, Winnie and myself. I am seven yearsold,butIhaven'tbeen to school yet, and as Icannot write, Mummy is writing for me. Dorothy is boarding at Wagin Convent, and I think Iwill be going there next year. Winnie is only alittle baby of five months; she is so sweet and Mummy sometimes lets me nurse her. Iam enclosing Os.-for the tickets. Good. bye, Aunt Bessy. With love from us all—Your loving niece,

MARGARET NAISBITT.

Dear Margaret,—Isuppose'you recejved aletter from'me explaining about the tickets. Ihope Dorothy, Therese, Winnie and yourself won't he too disappointed. Are you looking forward to going to school next year? Dorothywillhavealittlesister tokeep her company then,won't she?

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Just a small thanksgiving toSt.Christopher fortwo favours. Love.

LUCKY.

Dear Lucky,—I'm so glad St. Chris• topher came to your aid. Iwouldn't object if he'd drop in here just at the present and transport me off to Iceland or the North Pole. To-day is one of those days when one mops a heated brow and dreams of gallons of lemonade. But still, the l..B:ssort is very welcome too.

AUNT BESSY.

Dear Miss O'Brien,—Thanks again for the lovely neat parcel of stamps. We are very grateful.

AUNT BESSY.

Springfield, Tarin Rock, via +

Kukerin.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Forty-four three• penny bits enclosed from the little Naisbitts. 10s. for the L.B. and Is. for aticket each for doll and pram from Therese Naisbitt and Margaret Mary NaNbitt. Best wishes from

ANOTHER AUNTY.

Dear Aunty.—Thanks ever so much for the threepenny bits for the L.B. I'm sorry to have to disappoint you about the raffle tickets,but we haven't so much as one in the place. \far• garet also wrote me for some tickets, and Ihad to refund the money, so enclosed your shilling with it. How• is thenveatherout yourway? It isvery hot down here to-day. \ren't you sorry for

AUNT BESSY.

Coolgardie-street, Mundaring.

Dear Aunt Bessy,—Good wishes from M. E. R.

Dear M. E. R.,—Your good wishes and your donation were welcome indeed. Many thanks.

AUNT BESSY.

8Tate-street,West Leederville,

Dear Aunt Bessy,—This is the first time Ihave written to you, but my other sisters have written to you. I am three years old. We have just got anew baby sister;her name is losephine \fay. We came dawn to Perth in June, but on Monday we are going hack to Coolgardie, where we live. Iam sending you some stamp's which my auntygave to me. Hoping you will receive this letter. Iwill say good-bye.

PATCIIEGWIDDEN.

Dear Pat.—I'm very pleased to hear from you, and to receive the stamps. Please thank Aunty for me. You must be veryproud ofyour little baby sister. Iexpect you are pleased to be going home after such along time. When you get back you must write to me again.

AUNT BESSY.

The Peasant Painter From Cherbourg

Who has there who atsome time or other has not seen that well known picture,"The Angelus"? In it Catholics see awealth of beautiful expression resonant with the depth of piety. It excites the heart with the fervour of devotion and carries the mind to the regions where Catholicism shines forth in all its splendour. Few, however, know the life of millet, who painted it. Over a hundred years ago, in the delightful summerevenings indistant Normandy, Millet had, while achild at work in the field, watched his parents fold their hands in prayer as theangelus bell rang from thesteeple of the•old village church. For his people were peasants, and he, in the ordinary course of things, would have beenapeasant, too, had not Providence blessed him with the gift of painting.

The loveliest years of Millet's life were passed in the shadow of the church of his own little village of Greville, where his great uncle, the priest, usedto talkto him ofthe good ness of God. Ile it nvas who taught young Millet to read. So the days of his youth passed on sweetened by the fruits of industry and virtue. At work all day in the fields with his father and mother; at- night in the happy circle of the fireside, his young mind vibrated to the amiable simplicity of the loveliness of the Catholic life around him; and as has been the case with so many of Europe's celebrities, he found in his environment a source of inspiration. With his pencil hedrewthe sceneswhichmade him happy. They were so lifelike and full of beauty that his grandmother said that the boy was agenius and must receive every encouragement.

So it came about that Millet(vas placed under apainter of repute in Cherbourg, where for two years he laboured hard to succeed. It was during this time that he lost his father. This to him was a great blow. He would have returned to help hismother with the farmand forsaken his career for ever. It had been his father's wish, however, that he should continue with his art. So at the end of two years Millet found that Cherbourg had no more to teach him. Provided with funds from the civic bodiesof the province,hesetout for Paris. It was with aheavy heart that he said good-bye to his mother and grandmother, who watched him go with many a tear and prayer. Into the heart of the gay world of Paris walked the bewildered peasant boy. What acontrast wasthe peaceful scenes of Normandy to -

this centre of fashion and frivolity. To him, whose heart was attune to the sweetness of rural surroundings, this was annther France. Ile sickened at the sight of the selfishness and the unreality of things and felt sad. On many an evening as he walked by the side ofthe Seine and watched the sun set in ablaze of glory over the city, he thought of the loving hearts back home and prayed. Yes, he quietly, said the Angelus and walked to his dreary lodging'.

In the studio where his studv went onhe reproduced thescenesofhisboyhood. "These will never do,"said his fellow artists. "You must learn to please the Parisians, or you will starve." Poor Millet would not paint

what he abhorred. Hekept on painting his peasant scenes. And as his pension was now gone, he starved. So began along struggle for existence. For years it went on. One day for a dinner he painted a signboard; on another he sold half adozen drawings for apair of shoes. Eventually he married. In the years that followed deep was his cup of misery. Many atime did he hear his little children cry out for bread. For hour's he tramped the streets of Paris in search of work. As he returned each evening with afew francs in his pocket he thought of his faithful mother who watched with tear-dimmed eyes for the return of her son. Then, after the frugal mealhewould play with his lithe children and,tell them stories of when he was aboy in Normandy and how, when he made'more money, he would take them out of the city into the lovely countryside. When he took to portrait painting, which he did exquisitely well, his position improved. He left Paris with his family for Barbizon, avillage near the forest of Fontainebleau. Here he resumed the life-of apeasant and set out to fulfil his ambition of showing to the world the richness of rural life. The disdain which his early efforts had met with filled him with the resolution togoon. Forthe next twenty years painting after painting.

,depicting scenes of country labour came from his brush. The time would coine he knew when his genius would prevail. Then he would return to Normandy to see his mother in triumph. The time did come when the pictures of the peasant painter iwere the most sought after in all Paris. Alas! when he returned to Normandy the mother who watched him so eagerly was dead. He turned his steps towards the village church, where he found the old priest who had taught him when he was alittle boy, in prayer. "Tell me, my son," said the priest,"do you still say your prayers?" "Ah, Father," said the famous painter,"Ihave never forgotten them. They have helped me in all which Ihave done."

Millet fulfillers one of the noblest misisons of any painter. Ile demonstrated to the world the amiable sweetness of village life when enriched with the depth of piety. He know where the secret of happiness lay, and he tried as well as he could to share it with the world. Of all his pictures, and he painted many, none is better known or more highly priced, than "The Angelus." It was bought by the French Government, not long after his death in 1875, for£24,000.

CONSULT .. .

Cb e

Record

of Perth

Victory Spotlights

In surveying the problem of peace, the Rev. John Murray, Sy, Editor of "The DIonth," London, sums up the situation very briefly, but his very brevity underlines the gravity of Europe's present situation and induces sobering thoughtsregardingthe future.

There are notwantingthose whosay that with victory the real war will begin. These see in the uses of the instruments of total war asharp decline in human instincts and an em. ergence of life in utter contradiction to the principles and ideals for which the war is being fought. So to some the day of victory will see loosed in Europe ariot of revenge, internecine strife and actual civil war.

As the tempo of the tear is speeded up and this summer's military operations develop, it ismore than ever important to look calmly ahead and tnvisage the problems of European reconstruction thatwill have tobe faced and solved. The first is evidently relief. Food and medical supplies must be provided, and provided at once, on avast scale. Even political arrangements will be forced to take second place in this work of humanity and rehabilitation.

The second task isrepatriation. Millions of Allied prisoners of war and of workers conscripted from occupied countries are in Germany; they must be given the opportunity of returning homeas soon astransportcanbemade available. A third task—and it will be no easy task—is that of order and stability. During the war respect for late and order has declined rapidly throughout Europe. The German authorities were detested, and their right 10 rule has been always challenged, at least passively. Quisling administrationshave ralliedto theirsupport only asmall fraction of any population. And if passive resistance destroys respect for law, thih is still more effectivelybanished when men become partisans or guerrillas or take to the maquis. In addition to this many Continental countries are now the scene of political dominance. The •nuunnluuqut iNUut m9n1. aIot•N•1• N•pOn1"tuN'I .

The

BIOGRAPHY of G.K.CHESTERTON

BY Maisie Ward

Here is definite Biography, The Authoress wasgivenallfamilypapers; relatives and friends collaborated; here are the real Gilbert and Frances Chesterton.

Childhood and Youth;difficulties of early employment; Love-letters and Marriage;allapreliminaryto therichness andvarietyofhismanhood. His travels,lectures,literary battles, .Conversion to the Faith,friends; all are here;forming aglorious company and an outstanding biography of a "man mountain."

ILLUSTRATED. 448 Pages.

PRICE (approximately) 30/-

TO ARRIVE ATAVERY EARLY DATE.

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Peace Problems

arms and ammunition generously and indiscriminately distributed by the Allies for employment against the Germans are being employed against fellow-countrymen and are being held in reserve for the coming political struggle. The situation is made far worse ,when the greater Allied Powers give encouragement to one or other of these political groups because they hope that through this oe that group they will be able to control the country in question after the war or to establish there asphere of influence.

Anarchy and Internal War.

The tragedy of Greece is abitter proof of the collapse of order and stability, -

just as it has been an illuminating example of the criminal abuse of arms supplied by the Allies for use against the Germans, but used by partisans for brutal repression of their fellow-citizens.

The Germans did not need to use force to maintain occupation of Greek territory. It wa's done for them by the various bands of Greek irregular fighters who were busily engaged—in fighting against one another,settling future political issues in the Greek mountains.

It would be rash and over-simple to attribute this confusion to any single Greek political party. But the Greek Communist movement, known by the initial letters, E.A!M. (National LiberationFront),mustbearalargeshare of the responsibility. It came into existence during the Government of General lletaxas. It is definitely Communist, though, like the Tito move. ment in Yugoslavia, it claims to admit all"progressive" elements.

Other groups are the E.D.E.S., under General Zervas, which is non-Com. munist and generally moderate in its political opinions: and the smaller E.K,K.A., consisting largely of royalists and professional soldiers.

The Athens radio—admittedly controlledby the Germans-is continually broadcastingstoriesofviolence andterrorism on the part of the resistance groups, s

pecially the E.A.M. It e

draws vivid pictures of its members shod with English boots and armed with American machine-guns, murdering and'robbing ordinary citizens; and the available evidence shows that these reports have very solid foundation. The recent mutinies in the Greek army and navy must be attributed to E.A.M, influence. They were the cause of the fall of the Govern. ment of 1I. Tsouderos and the reason why \I. Venizelos could not form a Government to succeed him.

Mr. Churchill has stated that "the excesses of E.L.A.S., the military body operating tinder E.A.11., had so alien. ated thepopulation inmanyparts that the Germans had been able to form security battalions of Greeks to fight the E.A.M....At the same time, the state of hostility and suspicion which led last autumn toan actual civil war, existed bettkeen E.A.M, and the other resistance organisations, especially the E.D.EC„ under General Zervas, a leader who commands the undivided support of the civilian population in his area, and has always shown the strictest compliance with the orders sent him from G.H.Q., Dfiddle East, tinder whom all his forces have been placed."

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