The Record Newspaper 22 September 1943

WestralianPadre'sGreatGallantry

*JournalistDescribesFatherCunninghamas "HighestInspiration"

.."Outstandingamong manycourageousmen"

HeroisminNewGuineaJungle

Inabitter,bloodyactioninNewGuinea,anAustralianPadre,accompaningtheDiggers,towhomheadministered,behavedwithgreatgallantry.

ByFRANKA.SYMES.

This"SaintoftheCloth"demonstratedacompletedisregardofselfand anutterlackoffearatatimewhen, inthePapuancampaign,theenemy wasmakingthingsverytoughforour troops.

HeisFatherCharlesW.J.Cunningham,WesternAustralianpadre,who joinedthebattalion(itisstillinactionagainsttheenemy)whenitwas holdingavitalbridgehead.

ItwasinOctoberlastyear.Our troops,pushingonslowlyandgrimly towardsBuna,werepinneddowntemporallyatthebridgeheadoverariver. Everyhourofthedayandnightthe Japspouredafusilladeofmortar bombsandartilleryshellsintoourpositions.Itliterallyrainedleadandredmetalfordaysonend.

Clingingtotheslightcoveroftheir foxholes,advancingeverytimeopportunitypresenteditself,ourmencrept forwardtoblasttheJapswithbombs andbullets.Butitwashardgoing. Theenemywaswellconcealed.In thedensegreeneryofthejungleitwas acaseofinchingone'swayforward. Ourcasualtieswereheavy.Veterans ofLibyawereupagainstsomething newinwarfare.Theyfoughtlikedemons,buttheJapwasacunning,redoubtableopponent.

Stretcherpartiesperformedprodigiesofvalour,goingoutfearlesslyto bringinourwounded.Theirhighest inspirationwasFatherCunningham.

Fearlesshimself,calmofdemeanour, andwithaconfidentleadershipthat couldnotbedenied,thePadremoved aboutamongthewounded,indifferent tothehailofbombsandshellfirethat sweptourforwardpositions.

Forsevendaysthebattleraged,and forsevendays-andnights-withonly briefintervalsforrestandfood,Father Cunninghamtoiledandsweated,inspiringallaroundhim.

Hemovedamongthewounded,comfortingthemwithassurancesofearly aid;heministeredtothedyingand buriedthedead.

Ahundredtimesadayhetookhislife inhishands,defyingthescreaming bombs,shellsandbulletsthattoreinto thegroundabouthim.Hehelpedthe stretcherpartiescarrymanyastrickenmanacrosstheswollencreekthat wassweptbyenemyfire.

Likethestretcher-bearers,hewallowedinmud,oftenuptohisknees. Ilesweatedandgaspedwithexhaustion,butPadreCunninghamstuck noblytohisjob.Hemademanypersonalreconnaissancesforwardofour linestolookforwounded.Forhim noriskwastoogreatifhecouldaid them.

Ileparticularlydistinguishedhimself onenightwheneightinchesofrainfell, causingthecreektoriseseveralfeet. Thedelugewashedawayoneofthe bridgesacrossthecreek,thusthreateningtocutoffourrearforce.Fortunately,thebridgewasheddownstream, lodgedbetweentworocks,andwasuseable.Movingaboutthejobwithcalm courage,FatherCunninghamagaininspiredeverybodyengagedintheheartbreakingjobofgettingthewoundedto safety.

Theproblemwasfinallysolvedbya lineofmenbracingthemselvesagainst thesunkenbridgeandpassingthe stretchersfromhandtohand.Allthe timethiswasgoingontheenemyconcentratedhisfireonthearea.

Everymanwhoenduredtheagonies ofthatnight,andthenightsthathad precededit,praisedthePadre,whowas

FATHERCUNNINGHAM.

describedas"outstandingamong manycourageousmen."

Inspiteofalltheenemycoulddo, thisbattalionheldontoitspositions andconsolidatedtothenorthoftwo rivers.Graduallymovingtotheoffensive,thebattalianpatrolsnibbledat theenemy.Manytimesduringthe daysthatfollowed,attemptswere madebyourforcestoscaletheslopes leadingtotheridgeonthefringeof whichtheenemywasstronglyentrenched.

Sosteepwastheridgethatitcould beclimbedonlyonhandsandknees. AnenemyriflemanwhofiredonLtFrewasheattemptedtopinpointthe Jap'sexactposition,shothimthrough thefootwithabulletobviouslyaimed athishead.Again,thesniperfired atLt.Frrew,thistimeshootinghim throughtheotherfoot

ButtheJap.thenmadeamistakefrombehindajuttingrockheshowed himself.Althoughingreatpain Frewfiredandkilledthesniper.

Amongthemanybravedeedsby membersofthisbattalionwasthatof SergeantP.S.Madigan,who,througha hailofh.ervvfire,wenttotherescue ofLt.Reardon,whohadbeensevere. lywounded.

Onthefollowingdaytheenemyregisteredadirecthitononeofthebattalion'smortarpits,and,although casualtieswereheavy,Madiganimfediatelywentintoactionwiththeremnantsofthecrewandanothermortar.

Hecontinuedtoleadwhathismates called"acharmedlife."Hevolunteeredformany"carries"ofammunitionduringthenight,andwhena roundprematurelyexplodednearhim, Madiganescapedseriousinjury.The explosioncausedhimtobleedfromthe ears,andhesufferedfromconcussion. Butheremainedathispostuntilhe wasevacuatedonastretcher.

Backatthefield-ambulance,arrangementsweremadefor,Madigantobe flowntohospitalatPortMoresby.But heaskedtobeallowedtogobackto hismatesintheline.Hepleadedso earnestlyandsuccessfullythatpermissionwasgranted.

Cheerfully,hesetoutonafourdays' marchbacktohisunitintimetotake partinthebattleforGorari,wherehe againdistinguishedhimselfbyhisfearlesscourageandleadership.

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ByMr.K.Spruhan

RootCausesoftheReformation .

HowthePapacyLostitsUniversalCharacter

ThefinalshipwreckofEuropean amityattheReformationwasbutthe closingepisodeofalongvoyage,in whichshipwreckhadbeenamenace presentthroughout.Itisamistake intowhichweeasilyfallinthesedays tothinkoftheChurchassomething solidandsecure.ItistruethatShe canneverperish,butbeingcomposed ofmenwarpedbyOriginalSin,Sheis alwaysinperil.Theentirehistorical lifeoftheChurchhasbeenonelong fierceconflict,withenemieswithout andwithin.Uptothe16th.century theChurchhadsuccessfullywithstood thesuccessivewavesofheresy,andin thatcentury,from1200-1300,itdidseem atlastasthoughafullCatholicsociety, finallysecure,hadbeenestablished everywhereinEurope.Butthishigh settlementprovedonlyabreathing space.Forinthefirstgenerationof the14th.centuryappearedaperilwhich struckattheveryrootsofCatholicism-theperiloflosingspiritualleadership.ThePapacy,throughpolitical circumstance,wasdegradedfromits universalcharacterintoalocalpower. FirstitbecamepoliticallyaFrench thingandalmostanorganofthe FrenchMonarchy.Thiswasduetoa

numberofcauses,butchieflytothe politicalruinationoftheEmpire.Anyhow,oncethePapacywasestablished atAvignontheintrigueoftheFrench KingensuresasuccessionofFrench Popes.Althoughthisexilelasted70 years,itdidnotimmediatelyaffectthe generalsenseofunityinChristendom. ButitwasfollowedbytheGreat Schism,whentherewasPopeandantiPope,eachclaimingtheallegianceof halfEurope.Thiscertainlytendedto weakentheidealofunity.Thisimpossiblesituationlastedfor40yearsand duringtheperiodallmannerofprivilegesandconcessionsweregrantedby therivalstobolsteruptheircause.So theunflinchingdirectauthoritywhich thePapacyhadwieldedagainstKings wasgone. Allthis,however,couldhavebeen remedied,butnothingcanreadilyrepairtheravagesoftime.Mr.Belloc veryacutelyobserves:"Thegreat changesinhumansocietyarestrongly affectedbythescaleofhumanlife. Whatisbeyondlivingmemoryceases tohaveanyveryactiveeffect."So thatbythetimetheSchismhadreally endedin1447,130yearshadelapsed sincethebeginningoftheAvignon

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DisastrousEffectsofAvignon Exile,GreatSchismand BlackDeath *CorruptionWithinandIslamWithout

exile.Bythistimethenotionofa singleandpowerfulleadershipofChristianunityhadlargelydisappeared frommen'shabitofthought. AtthesameperiodtheRenaissance wasexertingaprofoundinfluenceonthe mindofEurope.Itwasoccasionedto someextentbytheTurkishcaptureof Constantinoplein1453.Thenewlearning,thewideningofgeographicalhorizonsandtheories,thecultofbeautyin letters,statuaryandarchitecture,the beginningsofprintingandarevolution inthetechniqueofwarinvolvingthe sweepingawayoffeudalremains-all thesetendedtoshaketheFaith.This isnotduetoobscurantismonthepart oftheChurch,asisfalselyalleged,but tothefactthatourthoughtsareinseparablefromimaginativepictures withinus,andthatnewdiscoveriesupsetthisarrangement,leavingthemind withnewideasbutwithinsufficient phantasms.Thisinvariablyleadsto spiritualinstabilityanddisturbance whichapproachestoanarchy.Avery similarphenomenonisobservablein ourowndaywhenthesuddenexpansionofsciencehashelpedtoshake popularandtraditionalstandardsof moralsandislargelyaccountablefor themodernrevolts.SoattheRenaissancethisspiritualdisturbanceoccuredButwhileitdidnotleaddirectly toheresy,itdidproducethepredisposingeffectofscepticismandcontempt, especiallyregardingthemedievalpast. Thisagainhasmanifesteditselfinour generation,firstly,inthebeliefofprogressoftheVictorianera,andnowin thereactionofdelusionanddespair.

Anotherelement,andonethatisall toolittlenoticedinourofficialhistories,wasthethreatofIslam.Inmy lectureon"TheCrusades,"Itracedthe riseofthosedeserttribes,theirfusion withtheTurkwhoassumedthemastery,theirattackonEurope,andthe awakeningofChristendomagainstthem fromthe11th.century.Withthefall ofConstantinople,theTurkbeganhis triumphantanddisastrousadvancetowardstheWest.Thecollapseofthe RomantraditionoftheEmpireaftera continuouslifeof1500yearscausedterrificconfusion.Andherewasmade evidentthebreakdownofEuropean moralsforthePapacythroughlackof authorityandtheexampleofreform failedtoplayitspart.Itwasnot thateitherunityorauthoritywere doubted-theyweretakenforgranted, butunityinpracticeandauthorityin actionwerelosingtheirmoralbasis. Againwehaveaparallelthinginmoderntimesintherelationshipofproperty toCapitalism.Yetthefailurewasnot duetothefaultsofthePapacy.IndeedthetenPopesprecedingtheReformationdidvigorouslyattemptto calloutthemilitarypowersofEurope againsttheadvancingTurk.Thereal failurecamefromtheChristianprinces. Theycouldnotorwouldnotseethe periltoEurope,andtheydidnotcare. Itwasnotforawholelifetimeafter theReformationthattheWestern

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Sidebysidewiththeweakeningof Papalauthoritytherehadbeengoing furacenturyandahalfintheChurch anexaggerationofroutineandprecise ruleasopposedtolatitudeofmovement;agrowingoftheletteragainst thespirit;apredominanceofthemeansovertheend.Whilethenormallife oftheChurchcontinuedvigorousand holy,herofficiallifehardenedbeyond measure.Withthefixityofthegood went,unhappily,theconsolidationof abuses.Hence,therewasfataldelay inundertakingreform.Indeedso steadywasthesurvivalofabuse throughuncorrectedroutineandvestedinterestthatevenafterthefirst outburstofuniversalprotestreform didnotcometillawholegeneration hadbeenseveredfromtheFaith.The chiefofficialabusesconcernedclerical finance,especiallyinthematterofunnecessaryduesandpluralities.Among thelaity,too,therewasevidentarelianceontheexternalsofreligionatthe expenseofspirituallife.Thereis truth,despitetheexaggerations,inthe claimofProtestanthistorians,that theReformationwasverypowerfully acalltopersonalreligion.Itisthe elementofgoodwithoutwhichnoevil canbeofeffect,Butwemustalso notethattherevoltwasaflamewith hatredforthecommonancestralreligionofChritianmen.InMr.Belloc's powerfulwords,"itvomitedabominableinsultsagainsttheEucharist,the Saints,theMotherofGod.Itwas nourishedbyageneralfuryagainstdiscipline.Itwasalliedtoandactively suportedbywholesalerobberyofcommunalpropertybytherich.Itloathedbeauty.Itwasfrenziedwithalust fordestruction.Itfosteredallthat isvilestinman:theanarchist,the iconoclast."

Butperhapsthemainoriginofthe trouble,atleastthechiefmaterial cause,wastheBlackDeath.Itkilled, perhaps,onehalf,certainlymorethan one-third,ofWesternEuropeintwo years.Itruinedthestructureoffeu-, dalismandloweredthepotentialoflife everywhereinnumbers,invigour,and inproductivepower.Itsheavyinroadsintothemonasticinstitutions wasespeciallydisastrous,foritloweredtremendouslythestandardofcultureamongtheclergy-notablyin England.Anotherprofoundresultof theplaguewasthatitbroughtinto highreliefthedifferenceofdictionand habitsbetweenprovinces.Tfi's foreignisolationwentsidebys'dewith thegrowthofnationalfeeling.England,forexample,becamewhollyEnglish-speakingwithin50years.The Slaysdevelopedthebeginningsofnationalconsciousness,andingeneralthe linesofcleavagebetweenChristian peopledeepenedsothattherewere markeddifferencesbetweennationandnation.Thisdevelopmentlargelyexplainstheminorlocalrevoltsof WycliffeandHuss.

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ConditionofthePapacyaLifetimeBeforetheRevolt

Loose-livingamongclergy&avariceamonglaity Hatred

FortheFaiththe MainDrivingForce

*HowEnglandwasPrepared fortheSchism

Wemustreturntotheconditionof thePapacy.Wehavenotedthatit wasturningintoanationalratherthan auniversalinstitution.AtfirstFrench, itwasbecominganItalianprincipate in'-helifetimebeforetheRevolution.

But,whiletheconditionofthePapacywasoneofthechiefcausesofthe religiousupheaval,itisnothistorically truetosaythatthatconditionwasone ofnothingbutscandal,corruption,and enormity.BothCatholicsandProtestantshavebeenresponsiblefor theseexaggerations.Catholics,because theirhighmoralidealofthePapal officeisshockedwiththeconditionsof thePapalCourtofthetimeinaway thatcontemporarieswerenotshocked; whileontheProtestantsidetheover,emphasisisnaturalandinevitable.

BetweentheendoftheGreat Schismandthecommencementofthe Reformation,thePopesdidindeedlive likeluxuriousprincesandinternational politicians.OfthetenPopesonlyone waspersonallyimpossible,thoughfour othershadlivedscandalouslybefore electiontotheChairofPeter.AsPopes themajoritywaspiousandallwere learned.Butmostgravelytheywere notsomuchUniversalShepherdsas PrincesofRome.Nepotismandpluralitieswerethechiefabuses.

Therewasalsocorruptionofmorals amongtheclergy.Itwasnotuniversal.butitstolerationwas,andthat wasthematterofgreatestmoment. Theworstfeatureswerethecontempt forcelibacyandextremeworldliness. Theconditionofthewealthylaity wasevenworse,especiallyinthematterofavarice.Inthistimeofdiscovery,expansionandglory,therewas nothingmenwouldnotdofortheviolentandrapidexpansionofwealth. Butthebasicdifferencebetweentheir worldandourswasthattheydidnot regardvicesasvirtues,northeamassingofwealthasheroic.

Especiallytemptingtothesemen wasthewealthoftheChurch,drawn fromrentsanddues,anddecidedlydetestedbythecommonpeople.

Thelastcircumstancewhichledto thatgreatdisaster400yearsagois moredifficulttoexplain,thoughitis theweightiest.Forthesevastspiritualchangescameaboutbypowerson,' sideourdirectexperience:Heavenand Hellwereatwork.Thelastfactor washatredfortheFaith.Itisnota newphenomenon.ChristforetoldIt wouldbealwayswiththeChurch,and soithas."Iftheworldhateyou, knowyethatithathhatedMebefore you. Intheworldyoushallhave distress,buthaveconfidence,Ihave overcometheworld."Suchhatred.if notnatural,isevitable.Ofitsnature theChurchisprovocativebyits claimtoabsoluteauthority.Further, theChurchisalwaysatoddswiththe lowernatureofman,atissuewith pride,ambitionordesire.Atsome timeorotherthisistheexperienceof everyman.

Sotheintenseandalmostinsane passionofwordanddeedwhichwas revealedinthebreachhadexisted potentiallyinperhapsaverylarge number.

SuchwastheconditionofChriistendomandoftheFaithatthatmoment inthe16th,centurywhentheReformationbroke.Thefirstphaseofthe troublebeganwithLuther'srevolt.It wasaviolentturmoilmainlyofthe Germanies.Itmighthavebeenstemmedhaditnotbeenthatthepolitical

poweroftheGermans,alreadyweakenedanddivided,wasinsuddenand terribledangerfromthegreatMohammedanvictoryofMohacs,whichledto thesiegeoftheverycapitalofthe Empire-Vienna.AndthewholeaffairwasconsolidatedbywhatMr.13elloccalls"theEnglishaccident."He writes:"Ifevertherewere,inallhistory,aneventnotdesiredbyits agents:notunderstoodbythosewho sufferedit;comingbynodesign,but astheprodigiouseffectofcomparativelysmallandquiteincongruous causes,itwasthegradual,mechanical anddisastrousdestructionintheEnglishmindofthatFaithwhichhad madeEngland."Itwasveryfarfrom beingsomethingnational,inevitable anddesired.Itwasnotevenadoctrinalordisciplinarymovement.It waspurelypoliticalandevenpersonal. Oncecommenced,itbecameanartificialmanipulationbyaveryfewmen, actingnotfromreligiousmotivesbut formoney.

Ourthemeto-nightispreciselythe causesoftheReformation,notgenerally,butinEngland.Ihave,however, giventhegeneralbackground,because theEnglishaccidentcannothetruly seenapartfromit.Ontheother hand,theemphasisontheEnglishaffairisjust,becausehaditnothappenedtheunityofChristendomwouldalmostcertainlyhavebeenrecovered. AmongthehostoffactorsIhavementioneditwasthechieffactorinthe finaleventofourdisruption,theone whichmadethebreak-upofChristendompermanent.TheEnglishschism alsoderivesimportancefromthefact thatitwasthefirstgreatofficialor Governmentmovementawayfrom unity.ThenominalheadoftheGermanStateshadstoodfirmforthe Faith,ashadScotland,France,Spain andtheItalianStates.Yet,asIhave said,thebreachcouldhavebeenhealedhadtheEnglishaffairremainedan isolatedact,foritwasnotundertaken outofhatredforPapalauthorityand stilllessoutofanydoctrinalmotive. TheclamourforreformofHeadand membershadpowerfulsupportinthe universitiesandamongthebishops: theobjectorstoclericalduesandexactionswereverynumerous,especially inLondon.IrritationatPapaltaxationwaslongstandinginEngland.But thenewanti-Catholicdoctrinewasreceivedonlybyaverysmallandunpopularminority.Therewasagood dealofslacknessandindifference.but HenryVIIIhimselfwasprofoundly Catholic.Hehadaspecialdevotion totheBlessedSacramentandtoOur Lady,andProtestantismshockedand exasperatedhim,andhewouldnot sufferitamonghissubjectsevenafter the breach.

HowthendidEnglandcometobreak withtheHolySee?Ofthegeneral causesIhaveoutlinedallappliedin varyingdegreestotheEnglishcase.

ThebondsbetweenEnglandandRome hadbeenweakeningforsomeconsiderabletime.Therehasbeenconflicts betweenAlexanderIIIandHenryII in12thcentury,andbetweenInnocent IIIandJohnLacklandinthe13th inthesestrugglestheroyalpoweralwayscameoffsecondbest,andthere isevidencethatthehumiliationwas notforgotten.FromWilliamtheNormantoEdwardIIItherehadbeena longseriesofdecreestorestrainPapal jurisdictioninEngland,andthese weredefinitelyasourceofinspiration

VIII

wasprofoundlyCatholic

atthetimeoftheSchism-Moreover, forfourcenturiestherehadbeenno EnglishPope,andthetwosetbacks Wolseysufferedinhisbidforthetiara emphasisedthepoint.Ordinarily EnglandhadonlyoneCardinal,sothat

hershareofinfluenceinthegreat Christiancouncilhaddecreasedappreciably.Wolsey'snominationasLegateforlifeenabledhimtoexercise unlimitedauthorityovertheclergy, andordinaryappealswerenotcarried toRome.Thentherewastheposition ofthemonarchy.TheKingreally governed.Hehad,asBellocsays,"all thepowerwhichisto-daydispersed amongahandfulofgreatfinanciers, newspaper-owners,anddirectorsof monopolies,withtheirtailofpoliticians."Parliamentbutregisteredlaws whichtheKingincouncilhadframed. Ilenamedanddismissedjudges,could puttodeathorruinwhomhechose. Hemadepeaceandwar,andcreated allpostsandtheirsalaries,Ina wordtheMonarchywasabsolute.But itwasnotsomuchservilitywhich madeitconcurwiththeKinginhis quarrelasitsreflectionofthepublic vieiwthattheclergyhadtoomany privilegesandtoomuchwealthwhich intheirownhandsmightbeusedto greateradvantage.YetParliament wasaiminglessatRomethanatthe Church,butinstrikingatoneithit theother.Somuchdidthemenof thatdaytaketheCatholicunityfor grantedthattheydidnotrealisethat PeterwaswherevertheChurchwas.

(ContinuedonPage11.)

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theWhiteSannayasi-SueeessortoXavier HowBlessedJohndeBrittoConvertedthe PrinceofMarava

PersecutionandDeathFollowtheRoyalBaptism

*WhytheHeroicJesuit MissionaryLeftPortugal's GlitteringCourt

BLESSEDJOHNDEBRITTO,S.J.BEFORETHERAJAOFMARAVA.

ByA.V,ROSNER,S.J.

(Beinganaccountofthemartyrdom ofBlessedJohnDeBritto,Si., 1647-1693.)

"Hecan'tsendmeaway,uncle,he justcant.AmInotoneofhislawfulwives?"Rangunathathevar,the RajaofMarava,listenedtohisniece Kadalayi,assheraved,andhesmiled tohimself."Canyouswallowsuch aninsult,uncle,andseeyourniece,the a wifeofRaja,disgracedintheeyes ofthecourt?Andallthisbecausemy husbandwantstobecomeaChristian."

"What?"barkedtheRaja,"Thadayathevar,aChristian?"

Andthatroomwassuddenlyfilled withthepresenceofthe"WhiteSannayasi,"andtheRajatwitchedwith fear.TheWhiteSannayasihadcarri,r1hismessageevenintothestrongholdoftheRoyalPalace.

Kadalayi,thelastofPrinceThadayathevar'sfivewives,foundapatientlist,neeinPompavanam,thehigh-priest ofthetempleofMinakshi.Shecould n.,thavepleasedPompavanammore thanbyappealingtohimagainstthe

WhiteSannayasi,Nowthathehada handletohisrevenge,heplayedonthe feelingsoftheRaja,threateninghim withdestructiononthepartofthe infuriatedgodswhoseservicehadbeen neglectedowingtotheWhiteSannayasi.AndoncemoretheRajaheard thathatefulname.

Thistimeitwassomethingfarmore seriousthantheusualstorminthe teacup.TheWhiteSannayasi,God's ambassadortothepaganlandofMarava,inSouthIndia,hadnotminced matterswhenPrinceThadayathevar hadexpressedhiswishtobecomea Christian.ThePrincehadmadeup hismind,andhewasseeingthings through.Hecalledforhisfivewives, theywereallfromtheleadingfamilies oftherealm,andhespoketothem ofhismiraculouscurebroughtabout bytheGodoftheChristians."And now,"wentonthePrince."Iwantto devotemylifetothatsame,mighty andgoodGod.Heasksmetohave onlyonewife,soIwillkeeptheone whomTfirstmarried.Myfourother wives,iftheycaretoliveinmyPalaceapart,maydoso.Theywillhe treatedasthesistersofmyfirstwife. Halfmyricheswillhesetasideforthe fourofyou."Theirtearsanden

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treatieswereallinvain.ThadayathevarwasbaptisedbytheWhiteSannayasionthe6th.January,1693. Thepowersofdarknessnowbegan tocloseinontheWhiteSannayasi.He fullyrealisedtheconsequencesthat wouldfollowthebaptismofthePrince. Hehadweighedtheprosandcons,consultedhiscatechistsandthemostesteemedofhisconverts:hehadhidden nothingfromthem,confiscationofproperty,utterdestructionoftheirhomes andchapel,,beatings,unheardoftortures,andevendeath,theirownand hismayresultfromsuchabaptism. Andinthefaceofitall,theyhadrepliedasoneman,thatifGodwilled thebaptismofthePrince,theyhadbut toobey.

ItallhappenedastheWhiteSannayasihadforeseen.TheRajaof Marava,thoughenragedagainstPrince Thadayathevcar,darednotlayhands onhim,buthewreakedhisvengeance upontheChristians.Theirhomes wereplundered,exorbitantfineswere imposedonthosewhorefusedtocall uponShiveandtosetfootinthetemple,theirchapelswereraisedtothe ground.TheChristiansstoodloyal andtrue.Theywereruined:butin thoseruinstheyhadfoundthepearl ofgreatprice,

TheWhiteSannayasiwasorderedto beseizedandbroughtbeforetheRaja. Troopsoffootandhorsewereoutin searchofhim.Ilewaslocatedat Muni.OnJanuary8,1693,atroopof soldiersreachedhim-liehadjustadministeredtheSacramentstoahostof hisChristians,andintenderwordshe hadadvisedthemtofleethepersecutionwhichheknewhadcome.Hehad thenwalkedouttofacethesoldiers alone.Hewasthrowndawn,then lashedtohisfeet,insulted,and,worst ofall,hehadtolistentothevilest blasphemiesutteredagainstGod.John, aChristianBrahmin,andbelongingto thehighestofthehighcastesamong theHindus,hurriedtohelphisGuruor teacher.Johnmetwiththesame treatment.TwoChristianboysrefusedtoleavetheWhiteSannayasi Thefourofthemwerechainedand tiedtohorses.Theyhadtorunor bedraggedalongthedustyroadsof Marava.Atalargevillageonthe roadtoRamnad,thecapital,theWhite Sannayasiandhisthreefollowerswere tiedontoatemplecartobederided andspatuponbythepaganpopulace.

Ramnadwasreached.TheRaja wasout.TheWhiteSannayasiwas thrownintoacell.Histhreestaunch companionswerewithhim.Their faithandloyaltywerehisconsolation. MeanwhilePrinceThadayathevardid allhecouldtomakeamendsforthe terribleconsequencesthathadfollowed onhisbaptism.Hestoodupagainst theRaja,andboldlydemandedthe releaseoftheWhiteSannayasi.Of course,thepriestsofthetemplewere thereinfullforce,loudlyclamouring forthedeathoftheChristianprisoners. TheWhiteSannayasiheardtheir shouts.Theguardshadbroughthim thenewsthatoneofhisrecentconverts,Puravuthevar,hadgiveninto theRaia'sordertosacrificetothe idols.Rumour,asisherwont,came outwithonlyhalfthetruthPuravuthevarhadindeedboweddownto thegodsofstone,buthehadbeen

struckdownalmostimmediatelyby hisoldcomplaint.He,too,likeThadaythevar,hadrisenfromabedof sicknessonbecomingaChristian.And now,findinghimselfworsethanbefore, herepented,askedforacrucifix,and lo!hewascured.

TheWhiteSannayasiwasleftto himselfandhisthoughtforafewdays more.Whenhewasstillaroyalpage inthecourtofKingJohnofPortugal, hehad ho,"beenknownasthe"ApostolinthelittleApostle.Hehadleft asplendidcareeratcourttotakethe king'sshillingintheJesuitnovitiate atLisbon,onDecember17,1662.FrancisXavierhadbeeninstrumentalin savinghislifeasachild,andnowin Xavier'sfootstepshewouldgoEast, "eventothelandoftheRisingSun."Memoriesflockedtohismindashelay inchainsintheprisonofRamnadhappymemoriesofLisbon,Evora,Coimbra.HewasnottheWhiteSannaysithen,butjustJohndeBritto, oneoftherank intheCompanyofJesus.Whenhehadfirst expressedhiswishtobeamissionary, hehadsteppedintoanambushwhich almostendedinhisbeingkeptat home.DonnaBeatrix,hismother, thePapalNunciotothecourtofPortugal,evenDonPedro,theKingwho hadoncebeenhisplaymate,tried theirlevelbesttomakehim"stayput" wherehewas."Werenotthespiritual needsofPortugalasgreatasthoseof theEast?Werenotsoulsclamouring forthesacramentsinhisownland?" Johnknewwhathewanted.Heheld tohisresolvewithbothhands,and whennexttheRoyalshipssailedEast,JohndeBrittowasonboardtheCapi- tania.

Johnrecalledthosetediousmonths atsea.Monthspackedtightwith anxiety,whenone,thenanother,and yetanotheruptoeightofhisfellow missionarieswereburiedatsea.It wasatthe"zerohour"oftheirtrials atseathatSt.FrancisXavierstepped in,andthroughhisintercessionthe Royalshipsmadethe"Doldrums,"roundedtheCape,andsailedeastward. ThecrewhadnamedhimtheNew Xavier.ButJohnknewhowunworthyhewasofthatname,nickname thoughithadbeen.Yetweknow whataworldofmeaningthereisina nickname.Afteralmostsixmonths, onSeptember4,1673,theyheardthe cannonofSt.AguadaboomoutawelcometothetwoRoyalshipssailing intoGoa.Whatawelcomehadbeen giventhenewlyarrivedmissionaries! Andwhatjoywashiswhenheknelt atthetombofhispatroninthebeautifulchurchofDomJesu."Go,set theworldonfire,"saidInigoofLoyolatoFrancisXavier.JohndeBritto wasonemoretorchthathadbeen kindledbythefire-brandoftheIndies.

Johnnowsawhimselfwalkingin thecompanyofFatherFreire,aveteranoftheMaduratrail,overthe heightsoftheWaternGhats,down againintotheplainsofCoimbatore,up oncemoreintothehills,andfinally acrosstheredplainsofMaduratoKillai,hisfirstMissionpost.Thereunder theguidanceofFatherFreireand FatherIgnatiusDaCostahehadlearnt theropesofmissionarylife.That wasin1674.

DrysdaleMissionPioneerDies atNewNorcia

DomAlcalde'sPassingSeversLink WithBishopSalvado

OnFriday,10th.inst.,theRev.

FatherE.Alcalde,oftheBenedictine CommunityofNewNorcia,wenttohis reward.Deceasedhadbeeninvery indifferenthealthforoveroneyear, butonlyonTuesday,7th,inst.,his conditionbecame,allofasudden, alarminglyworse.Afterreceivingthe LastSacramentsandthePapalBlessing,heralliedalittle,hutnotenough togivehopesofarecovery.Hisreligiousbrethrenwatchedoverhimday andnight,andhelpedhimtoanswer God'scallinamannerworthyofone whosewholelifehadbeenconsecrated toHisservice.

Thecallcameexactlythreedays aftertheViaticumandExtremeUnctionhadbeenadministeredtohim. Ashisbrother-monksfinishedreciting theprayersforthedying,thishumble sonofSt.-Benedictgavehissoulback tohisCreator,withoutstruggle,withoutanguishorfear,fullyresignedto Ilisholywill.Hisconsciousnessaccompaniedhimtothelast,thusenablinghimtofollowdevoutlythelast prayersandmakeamoremeritorious sacrificeofhislife.Happyhetodie peacefullyatatimewhensomany meetwithatragicandwhollyunexpecteddeath!Dearlylovedwithin andwithouttheAbbey,FatherAlcalde'sdeathwasnotthelestfeltbecauseithadbeenexpected.

ThePro-Cathedralwasfilledwith worshippersfromNewNorciaandthe neighbourhoodfortheSolemnRequiemcelebratedat9a.m.onSaturdaymorningfortheeternalre-tof hissoul,andthelocalcemeteryhas seldomwitnessedsuchalargegatheringofsympathisersasintheafternoonofthesameday,whenhisremainswerelaidtorest.

Howoften,inhislongyearsasParishPriestofNewNorcia,thelate FatherAlcaldehadcelebratedSolemn Requieminthatsamechurchandconductedfuneralservicesinthatsame cemetery!Nowitwashisturntobe therecipientofthatworkofmercy.

Thefuneralprocessionwasalong one.TheCollegesandOrphanagesof NewNorcia,aswellastheBenedictine Community,werethereinfullstrength. Thereweretherealsothefewnative adultsactuallypresentattheMission. andagoodsprinklingofCatholic neighbours.

Adistinctivefeatureofthisimpressivefunctionwastheguardofhonour providedbytheAirCadetsofSt.Ude-

RacingSelections

By"TheHawk." TATTERSALL'S.

(AtBelmontPark,Saturday,Sept.26.)

MaidenHandicap:MissTasman,1: Punchinello,2;FlamingRush,3.

FlyingHandicap:Atorna,1;Sansea, 2;TwoJokes,3.

Tattersall'sPurse(1):Sorcery,1; CosLua,2;Tretel,3.

Breeders'Handicap:Novasan,1; Nullabung,2;Tresigne.3.

W.A.Tattersall'sCup:Hinda,1;SydneyJames,2;SpeakUp,3. Tattersall'sPurse(2) Morning Echo.1:Oredanus,2;Rosita,3.

ClubWelter:RoyalStandard,1; Bravilo,2;DollarBill,3.

HomeofGoodShepherd

Laundry,Leederville

UnderDirectionoftheSistersof theGoodShepherd. DRYCLEANINGANDART

NEEDLEWORKASPECIALTY, VESTMENTS,HANDLACE, FANCYGOODSSUPPLIED. BRIDALVEILSCANBEHAD ONHIRE.

CountryOrdersPromptly Despatched, 'Phone:131185.

phonsus'Collegewho,underthecommandofPilot-OfficerFlynn,oftheCollegestaff,marchedonbothsidesofthe coffinandstoodtoattentionwhileit wasloweredintoitsgrave.Their smartblueuniformscontrastedvividly withtheredclaywhereinthemortal remainsofourreveredlateFatherAlcaldeweredeposited.

Deceased,whowasinhis69th.year, wasborninasmallvillageofOldCastile,inSpain.Whilestillamereboy heenteredtheBenedictineAbbeyof Montserrat,wherehe,subsequently, wasclothedinthehabitofSt.Benedict,tookhisvows,didhisecclesiasticalcourse,andwasordainedtothe priesthood.Hehadbeenapriestonly afewmonthswhenBishopSalvado calledatMontserratintheinterestsof hisMissioninWestAustralia.Father Alcalde,thenbarely25yearsofage, promptlyvolunteeredtoaccompany thevenerableFounderofNewNorcia onhisreturnthereto.Deathovertook BishopSalvadoinRomeattheendof thatsameyear,1900,butFatherAlcalde'sofferhadbeenaccepted,andhe wasoneofapartyoftenyoungmonks whocametoNewNorciaearlyin1902, undertheVeryRev.FatherF.Torres, 0.S.B.,BishopSalvado'simmediate successor.

HisfirstsixyearsatNewNorcia wereuneventful.In1908heaccompaniedAbbotTorrestotheNorthWest,andwithhisconfreres-Father PlanasandBrotherVincent-assisted inthefoundationoftheDrysdaleRiver Mission.Thefiveyearsthatfollowed werethehardestinFatherAlcalde's life.Theprivationsforceduponhim andhiscompanionsbytheextreme isolationoftheMission,andthemany anxiousandsleeplessnightsoccasioned bythepersistentanimosityofthe aboriginesarenoteasilyenumerated. But,whatofthattreacherousattack ofSeptember27,1913.whenFatherAlcaldeallbutsuccumbedtothecruelty ofthenatives!Thisnear-martyrdom wasfollowedbytwelvemonthsofintensesuffering,causedbythewound inhisside.Oneofhislungshad beenpiercedthrough,andalltheassistancehecouldgetattheMission, thoughneithersmallnorunskilled,was farfromsufficient.Awholeyear elapsedbeforeitwaspossibletobring thepatientdowntoSt.John'sHospital,Subiaco,whereamostsuccessful operationsethimrightfornearly anotherthirtyyears.

FatherAlcaldespentthewholeof thissecondpartofhislifeatNewNorcia.Thedutiesofthemonasticlife andthecareoftheparishwerehis workpracticallyalltheseyears.His greatdevotiontoduty,aswellashis readysmileanddelightfulsimplicity, willhelongrememberedbyallwho cameincontactwithhim,Hundreds ofvisitorstoNewNorciawilleverrecallwithpleasurethesmilingmonk whosoobliginglyansweredtheircalls attheAbbeyandshowedthem throughitandthroughthePro-Cathedral.

AtChristmas,1941,hecelebratedthe GoldenJubileeofhismonasticProfession.Tojudgebythestateofhis healthatthetime,hehadalongway togoyetbeforetakingthefinalrest. ButGodhaddisposedotherwise.

MaythegoodFatherrestinpeace.

CENTRALCATHO. LICLIBRARY

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LibraryLectures

ThespeakeronFriday,October1, willbeRev.Mr.Doyle,S.J.,whowill treatofthegreatCatholicRevivalof thelastcentury.Thisrevival,which wasbothanintellectualandamoral one,wasthefirstfruitofthepostTrentperiod.Itaroseoutofthe Church'sstocktakingandplanningat thatgreatCouncil,

Chesterton'slines: "Truthmayendureandbetoldandre. echoed,

Butaliecanneverbeyoungbutonce," wereexemplifiedinthenineteenthcenturyChurchwhich,theoldestsociety onearth,foughtwiththefreshnessof itsrecurrentyouthwhileitsfoe,the Calvinistheresy,couldneveragainappealtotheworldonanintellectual ground.

TheRev.lecturerwillillustratethe revivalbyspeakingofthelivesofmen whobesttypifyit.FrederickOzanam wastypicalofthosewhogavethe movementintellectualforce,whileVon Kettelerrepresentedthosewhoworked outthegreatsocialplan.PopeLeo XIII.willalsobediscussedastypifying theunionofthediverseforcesofthe revival.

FUTURELECTURES.

OwingtothetransfertotheEastern StatesofLieut.Batten,thelectureon EnglishCatholicismsincetheReformationcannotnowhegiven.Coming lecturesare: W41.04,04,41...

Friday,October1:"TheCatholicRevivalofthe19th.Century."Rev,Mr. Doyle,S.J.

Friday,October15:"TheCatholic LiteraryRevival."Rev.Mr.Noel Ryan,S.J.

Friday,October29:"CatholicSocial Teaching."Mr.HughGoerke.

Friday,November12:"CatholicAction."Rev,FatherLalor.

Makeyourrendezvousforalternate Fridaynightsat36Pier-street,at8 p.m.

ANIGH?WITHTCHAIHOWSKY.

TherewillbenolectureonWednesday,September22.attheCentral CatholicLibrary,butonWednesday, September29,Rev.FatherA.Lynch willgivehisaudiencea"Nightwith Tchaikowsky,"andthisshouldprove tobeofexceptionalinteresttomusic lovers.

Patronsoftheselecturesareasked towatchtheannouncementsin"The Record,"asforthenextfewweeks FatherLynchwillbeunabletocontinuethelecturesregularly,owingto hisforthcomingtourofthecountry districts.

DAYSOFPLANNING.

Inthesedaysofwarplanningitis agoodplantohaveaticketinthe number177aCharitiesConsultations, andtoplantoputsomeofyourprize moneyintowarbonds.

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"TheCatholicAnswer

Whythe

ChurchInsistsontheExistenceofPurgatory

DoMassesandPrayersReallyHelptheSoulsoftheDead?

*SomeScripturalProofs FortheDoctrine

Mass-OfferingsaLucrativeRacket!

Interested,Wembley:

Q.:"Wouyoupleaseexplainforme theCatholicdoctrineofPurgatory?"

A.:1haveawholesheafofletters containingquestionsaboutPurgatory, andIhopeto-nighttoanswerallthese queroestogether.

Now,firstofall,thedoctrineofPurgatoryisanintegralpartofthatwonderfulsynthesisoftruthsthatChrist revealedtouswhenonearthyearsago. IthasalwaysbeenoneofthemostconsolingtenetsofCatholicbelief,and untiltheProtestantReformationin thesixteenthcentury,wasuniversally believedthroughoutallChristendom. TheChurch'steachingonPurgatory wasnevercalledindoubtuntilthe adventofMartinLuther,andto-day, aswithsomanyotherdoctrinesthat eretraditionallytaughtandaccepte,1untilhistime,theCatholicChurch I

alonehaspreservedintacttheteaching ofChristandoftheearlyChristian Churchonthissubject.

Briefly,theCatholicteachingisthis:

Atdeathmenareeitherstubbornlyunrepentantofthecrimestheymayhave committedduringlife,orelse,realising theyhavedonewrong,theydieloving Godandgenuinelysorryfortheirsins.

Some,Ofcourse,gorightthroughlife withouteverseriouslyoffendingGod. They,too,dielovingHimandsorry forthelittlefaultsofhumanfrailty theymayhavecommittedfromtime totime-Now,Christhassaidthatto thosewhodieunrepentant,toostubbornlyproudtobowtheirheadand say"I'msorry,Lord,"tothemHewill speakthoseterriblewords:"Depart fromMe,youcursed,intoeverlasting fire,whichwaspreparedforthedevil andhisangels."AndfromthemoAllb.III. "lb.Alb .111.1,11.., .1b. .....

ERESCARCER!

BECAUSEANARMYMARCHESONITS STOMACH

Sothatvegetablesshallbeavailable tomeetthefoodrequirementsofour vastarmyofAlliedservicemen,and civilians,ournurseryandourskilled seedsmenareflatoutproducing seedsforvegetablegrowing.

Thisiswhyroseswerescarcethis season,andwillbemuchscarcer. Fightingmencan'teatflowers.

TheseedandplantstoreofDawson Harrisoncan,withconfidence,claim tohaveservedyoufaithfullyand conscientiouslyinthepast.We knowthatyouwillhavepatience withus,untilthedayofVictoryis wonand,onceagain,willbeable toattendyoureveryrequirement.

mentofthatjudgment,whichfollows swiftlyafterdeath,foralleternitythe indescribablefrustrationandpainof hellistheirs.

Ontheotherhand,thosewhodie lovingGodandgenuinelysorryforthe wrongtheyhavedoneinlife,aregiven atdeaththerewardtheyhaveearned duringtheyearsspenthereonthis earth.AndChristtoldus,too,the wordsthatHewillsaytothem:"Come, youblessedofMyFather,possessyou thekingdompreparedforvoufrom thefoundationoftheworld."

But-andthereisabig"but"-few, veryfew,aresoperfectandsofaultless atdeath,thattheyareworthytobe sweptatonceintotheeternalLifeof theBlessedTrinityforwhichwewere allcreated.Eventhebestofus, thoughlovingGodwitheveryfibreof ()orbeingandthoughdesperatelysorry forwhateverwrongwehavedone,even thebestofushavestillsomanylittle traitsandwarpsinournaturethatwe wouldshrinkfromtheutterpurityand theinfiniteholinessoftheBlessed Trinityuntilfirstwewerepurifiedof everylittleimperfectionthatremains. Then,too,therearethosewhohave sinnedgrievously,thosewhohavedone vicious,bestialthings,butintheend havemadetheirpeacewithGod.If Godismerciful,Heisalsoscrupulouslyjust,andifinHismercyHeforgives ourcrimes,greatandsmall,neverthelessitisonlyjustthatweshouldacceptthepunishmentmeritedbyour sins.Ithinkthatisclear.Well, manyamanwhohasdonewrongand repentedofit,hasatthesametime donenothingortoolittle,bywayof reparationforhisoffence,andwhen themomentofdeathcomesnotonlyis heconsciousoftheimperfectionsthat stillremaininhisnature,butheis conscious,too,ofthedebtofreparationhestillowesforthesinshehas committed,eventhoughtheyhave beenforgiven.

Inotherwords,althoughhehaslived hislife,andbeenforgivenforthe wronghehasdone,hestillisnotutterlypure-andheknowsit.Anditis justatthatmomentthatGodinHis exquisitemercyprovidesforusthat finalpurifyingthatwecrave.AsI say,itisweourselveswhocravefor it,thatwemaybemadeutterlypure andutterlyperfectbeforewehearthose wordsofChrist,"Come,youblessed.." andaresweptintotheVisionofthe BlessedTrinity.

Purgatory,then,isastateinwhich mostsoulsarefinallypurifiedafter death,andwherefullreparationis madefortheirsinsbeforetheyattain thatfulnessofLifeandunionwith Godwhichisheaven.

Q.:"Haveyougottheimpertinenceto tellmethatmymother,forexample, isinPurgatory?"

A.:IfIwereyou,Iwouldbethe happiestmanonearthifIknewthat mymotherwasinPurgatory.Yousee, thereisnodoubtastothesalvationof thosewhoareinPurgatory.Itis onlyamatteroftimebeforetheywill enterheaven.Everysoulwhogoes thereisalreadysaved,andislooking forwardtotheVisionofGodthat awaitsitwhenallthedebtofreparationhasbeenpaid.AsChristsaid, "Thoushaltnotgooutfromthencetill thourepaythelastfarthing."(Matt., V.,26.)

Q.:"DothesoulsinPurgatorysuffer?'

A.:Yes,theydo.Theexactnature ofthesufferingwedonotknow.It isnotdefinedasdogmathatthereisa realfireofPurgatory,althoughthe purifyingcausessufferingwhichiscomparedinScripturetotheactionof fireafflictingasensitivebody.The sufferingsofthoseinPurgatoryvaryin lengthandintensityinproportionto thedebtoftemporalpunishmentdue bythemforthesinscommittedduring life.

Q.:"WhatisthepointinhavingspecialMassessaidandprayersoffered forthesoulsofthosewhohavedepartedthisWe?"

A.:Becauseithasbeentheteaching oftheChurchfromthetimeofthe Apostlesthemselvesthatprayersand goodsworksofferedforthesoulsin Purgatorydoshortenandalleviate theirsufferings,Andofallprayers thegreatestistheSacrificeoftheMass.

Q.:"Howdoweknowwecanhelp them?"

A.:BeforeChristcameonearthGod hadtaughttheJewstoprayfortheir dead,whichHewouldhardlyhave doneiftheirprayerswereofnoavail. AndifyouandIcan,anddo,prayfor ourfriendsanddearonesintroublein thislife,surelyourprayerscanfollow themafterdeath,whenaccordingto Catholicteachingtheycannothelp themselves.InanycaseScripture notonlysanctionsbutrecommends thepractice.

Q.:"WhatareyourScripturalproofs forthedoctrineofPurgatory?"

A.:MightIsuggestagainthatthe wholestructureofCatholicdoctrine doesnotrestsolelyonthewritingsof theScriptures.Part,butnotall,of Christ'steachingiswrittenintheGospels;muchmorehasbeenhanded downthroughthecenturiesbytheCatholicChurchinherperennialteaching. ForaCatholictheinfallibleteaching oftheChurchissufficientauthorityfor himtobelieveinanyparticulardoctrine.Now,theChurchfromthevery beginning,hastaughtthedoctrineof Purgatory,andthat,asIsaid,issufficientforaCatholic.However,there isScripturalfoundationforthisCatholicbelief,inspiteoftheravingsofMartinLutherandotherpseudo-reformers tothecontrary,Textsoftenquoted v atleastindirectly,theexistenceofPurgatory,areIKings,xxxi, 13;IIKings,i,12;Tobias,iv.,17;I Cor,xv.,29;etc.Threepassagesof greaterimportanceare:(1)IIMachabees,xii.,39-46:afterhisvictoryover Gorgias,Judasfoundunderthecoats ofhissoldierswhohadfallenidolatrous objectsstolenfromthetempleofjamniaThosewhohadstolenandkept themhadcommittedagrievoussin againstGod'slaw,yettheJews,"betakingthemselvestoprayers,besought him,thatthesinwhichhadbeencommittedmightbeforgotten.Butthe valiantJudasexhortedthepeopleto keepthemselvesfromsin...andmakingagathering,hesenttwelvethousanddrachmsofsilvertoJerusalem 'forsacrificetobeofferedforthesinsof thedead,thinkingwellandreligiouslyconcerningtheresurrection.Forif hehadnothopedthattheythatwere slainshouldriseagain,itwouldhave seemedsuperfluousandvaintopray forthedead.Andbecauseheconsideredthattheywhohadfallenasleep

WhatistheBest'WayOfferingVass?

HowtheRosaryisUsed

The"Roman"CatholicChurch andSlaveLabour

withgodliness,hadgreatgracelaidup forthem,"Andtheinspiredwriter addshisapprovalofwhatJudashad done:"Itisthereforeaholyandwholesomethoughttoprayforthedead, thattheymaybeloosedfromtheir sins."Thispassageshowsthatthe deadcanbedeliveredfromtheburden .ts,ninthenextworld,andthatthere is,consequently,amiddlestatebetween heavenandhell,inwhichthereare soulsnotyetwhollypurified,witha debtstilltopay,andthatwecanhelp them.byourprayers,tosatisfyGod's justice.

(2)Thesecondargumentisdrawn fromthewordsreportedbySt.Matthew,xii.,32,whereChristspeaksof thesinwhichwillbeforgivenneither inthisworldnorinthenext.From whichitfollows,thatsomesinscanbe forgiveninthenextworld,andthis impliesthatthereisapenaltytobe paidandexpiationtobemadefor thesesinsinthenextlife:whichis thesumandsubstanceofthedogma ofPurgatory.

,:t.1thirdargumentistakenfrom 1Corinthians,iii,12-15,whichpassage St.Paulconcludeswiththewords: "Buthehimselfshallbesaved,yetso asbyfire.'St.Paul,inthispassage. alludestoatestingorpurifyingfire, whichiscertainlynotthefireofhell, andisbutanotherreference,thoughindirect,tothefinaltrialwhichmany willundergoafterdeath inother words,Purgatory.

Q.:"TheBibledoesnotmentionPurgatory."

A.:No,anditdoesn'tmattervery muchthattheword"Purgatory"isnot mentioned.Thepurgatorialstateitselfdescribedbythewordisdefinite'. mentioned.

M111111.1.1111111111118111.18.111.111111.1110111.11110114.9111.

AUSTRALIANJOURNEY

AnewandrevisededitionofPaul McGuire'sentertainingbook,which coversthewholeAustralianScene. Writtenwithallthestrongfeelingof anAustralianforhisnativeplace,it isoneofthemostsuccessfulofrecent Australianworks.Ithas33fluehalftoneplates,andanewmap.

Price,13/6;postage5d ReadyShortly.

INSOFTGARMENTS.

AcollectionofOxfordConferences, bytheRightReverendMgr.Ronald Knox.Afinerefreshercourseinthe fundamentalsoftheFaith.

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LOUISEDEMARILLAC.

ByM.V.Woodgate.Thisdelightfulbiographyofagreatlady,whowith St.VincentdePaul,foundedtheOrder oftheFrenchSistersofCharity,is trulyafinebook.

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THEEUCHAZLISTIC RENAISSANCE.

AstudyofInternationalEucharistic Movement.ByT.M.Schwertner,O.P. Formerly,10/-;now5/-;postage,5id.

Owingtostaffshortage,onandafter September1st.,ourestablishmentwill beclosedbetween12and1forluncheonhour.

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ordinaryprayer-book,whichalways containsprayerssuitabletothevariouspartsoftheactionoftheMass. Ontheotherhand,therecitationof theRosaryisnotentirelytobecondemned.Ifoneisnotconversant withtheuseoftheMissal,thenitis farmoreprofitabletomeditateduring theactofSacrificeonsaytheMysteriesofthePassionofChrist,thantosit theremutelystudyingthefeatheron Mrs.Hobbs'hat.

Q.:"WhatdoCatholicsmeanbyhavingaMasssaidforthereposeofaperson'ssoul?"

A.:Wedonotknowforcertainthat thesett!ofanydeceasedpersonisin Purgatory,butasIsaidafewmofentsago,incasetheyshouldbein thatstateawaitingtheirfinalperfecting,weonearthcananddohavethe SacrificeoftheMassofferedforthem, thatinvirtueofthemeritsofChrist Godwillseefittoalleviatetheirsufferingsandremitpartorallofthepunishmenttheyareundergoing.Itis usual,whenaskingapriesttoofferthe Massforthisintention,tomakean offeringatthesametime.Sometimes, too,asIexplainedlastweek,people whenmakingtheirwillsetasidea certainamountasMassofferingsfor thereposeoftheirownsoulafter death.

ItmightbeofsomecomforttononCatholiclistenerstoknowthat throughouttheCatholicChurchevery daymanyaMassisofferedforall thosewhoareinPurgatory,irrespectiveofthecreedtheyprofessedduring life,andthateverydayI,incommon withallotherCatholicpriests,pray atMassforthesoulsofallwhomay nowinPurgatory.

Q.:"IsitnecessarytohaveMasses saidforthereposeofaman'smul?"

A.:No,itisnotnecessary,but nothingismoreappreciatedbythose inPurgatory,noristhereanybetter wayofexpressingourloveforthose whoweredeartousonearth-now thattheyaresufferingandcannothelp themselves.Incidentally,notonly theMass,butourownprayersand penancesmaybeofferedtoGodonbehalfofthoseinPurgatory.

Q.:"Wasn'tPurgatoryinventedasa lucrativesortofracketbythe priests?"

A.:Itwasnotinventedbypriests;it wasrevealedbyGodHimself,tothe JewsbeforethecomingofChrist,and explicitlythroughChristtoallmankind.ThefactthatCatholicsfrequentlyasktheirprieststoofferMass forthesoulsinPurgatoryissomething quiteapartfromthedoctrineitself. Thereisnosinisterconnectionbetween thetwodoctrines.TheSacrificeofthe Massisnotofferedonlyfortherepose ofthesoulsinPurgatory.Incidentally,thedaymaycomewhenevenyou willbeeternallygratefulfortheMasses andprayersofferedforyourownsoul bythepriestsoftheCatholicChurch.

Q.:''WhereisPurgatory?"

A.:Idon'tknow-Godneverrevealedthattous.Notthatitmakesvery muchdifference,either,Godhastold usthereisaPurgatory,anditwould beratherchildishtosay:"Well,IrefusetobelieveituntilYoutellme alutit

Q.:"Allrathervague,isn'tit?"

A Idontthinkso.Theteaching oftheChurchisdefiniteenough.We haveneverbeentoldwhereheavenor helliseither,yetyoudon'tdoubtthe existenceofheavenasyoudothatof purgatory,simplybecauseGodnever toldyouwhereitwas.

E.L.lL,MundaringWeir:

Q.:"Ihavebeenunabletoconvincea devoutfriendofmine,thatrecitationoftheRosaryduringMassisnot appropriate.Icontendthatwhen assistingatMassoneshouldendeavourtoparticipatebyfollowingthe prayersandactionsofthepriest, preferablywiththeaidofaMissal."

A.:Youarequitecorrect,Themost appropriatewayofassistingatMassis byfollowingtheprayersandactions ofthepriestatthealtar,andthiscan onlybedoneintelligentlythroughthe useofaMissalorMassbook.After theMissalonemightrecommendthe

RosarywaspropagatedthroughoutChristendombySt.Dominicinthe 13th. century.

JackBonington,Mt.Lawley

ToPeterLalor,

Q.:"Whydoyousocarefullyavoid yourcorrectdesignation-theRoman CatholicChurch?"

Alex.,Meekatharra:

Q.:"Isn'ttheRosarybroughtdown frompurelypagantimes?"

A.:No,itisnot.Certainlytheuse ofbeadsdatesfromtheveryearliest times,butthevariousprayersembodiedintheRosarywerecomposed byChristHimself,bytheAngelGabriel,bySt.Elizabeth,andbythe CouncilofEphesusinthe5th.century. Weareingoodcompanywiththose prayers,and,asadevotion,withits thoughtfulmeditationonthemysteries ofthelife,deathandresurrectionof OurLord,itappealstorichandpoor, tolearnedandunletteredalike,as Christianityitselfwasmeanttodo.

Perhapsyouwillunderstandbetter ifIanswerthequestion.Howdoesone saytheRosary?Whatisit?

Well,theRosaryisaspecialformof devotiontoMary,theMotherofGod. Onetakesasetofbeads,dividedinto sectionsoften,withlargerbeadsbetweenthesections.Holdingthelarge bead,onesaytheOurFather(which wascomposedbyChristHimself),and oneachofthesmallbeadsonerepeats theHailMary(composed,asIsaida momentago,bytheAngelGabriel, Elizabeth,andtheCouncilofEphesus). Whilstsayingtheprayers,onemeditatesorthinksofvariousincidentsin thelifeofChristandthatofHis Mother,somehappyincidents,some tragic,someglorious-suchastheResurrection.Inalltherearefifteenepisodesormysteriesinthecomplete Rosary,on'whichwemeditatewhilst sayingtheAyes.

A.:Youcancallus"Roman-Catholicifyoulike,justasyoumaycall me"Peter"Lalor-I'llunderstandwho andwhatyoumean,eventhoughboth beincorrect,Ihavealreadyanswered thisquestiononseveraloccasions.

Q.:"Ifafirmusesslavelabour-that is,unpaidlabour-shoulditbesubsidisedbytheState?"

A.:Iwonderwhereistheniggerin thewoodpilethere.Icouldsay"yes," andinstanceGovernmentprisons, couldn'tI?Youwouldprobablyexpectmetosay"no,"butIthinkI'd betterwait,andyou,too,untilyou makeyourselfclear.

Q.:"IftheRomanCatholicChurchhas allthepowersofearthandheaven, whyhavetheynotthepowerof healing,bythelayingonofhands?"

A.:TheCatholicChurchhasnotall thepowersofearthandheaven.What youareprobablydrivingatinasomewhatmistakenfashionisthatIquoted Christassaying,"Allpowerisgiven toMeinheavenandonearth,"asa foundationforHispromisetogiveinfallibilitytoHisChurch.NoChristiancandenythatChristhasall power,becauseHeisGod.

Q.:"Asregardsmyfirstquestion,Mussolinibragsofhispower.Itisa traitoftheItalians,and,ofcourse, showsitselfstronglyintheRoman Church."

A.:YousaythatMussoliniboastsof hispower-well,perhapshedoes,or did-ordoes:butthensodoesHitler andStalin,or,letussay,KublaiKahn, SuliemantheTurk,QueenElizabeth, andahostofothers-noneofthem particularlyItalianorCatholic,orare they?

WEDNESDAY,SEPTEMBER22,1943.

ReligioninEducation

QuiteadealofmisunderstandingstillexistsamongnonCatholicsregardingthequestionofreligiousinstructioninthe schools.Churchschoolsexistbecausesinceremembersofevery religiousdenominationholdreligiontobeanessentialelementof education.TheseChristianmembersareconvincedthatthey wouldbeguiltyofagrossbreachofdutyweretheytoneglectthis importantelementinthetrainingoftheirchildren.Anysystem ofeducationfromwhichreligioustrainingiseliminatedisinadequateandincomplete,andthereforeaninjusticetothechildreceivingit.Educationshoulddevelopthewholechild,andthe spiritualsideshouldbecateredforaswellasthematerial.And sotheinculcationofpiety,reverence,andreligiousinstructionis ofmoreimportancethanpurelyintellectualorphysicaldevelopment. * * * *

Onthispoint-thereligiousinstructionoftheyoung-prac- ticallyalldenominationsareagreed.OutsidetheCatholic Church,however,thereisnodefiniteagreementastothemethod ofimpartingit.BecausetheChurchconsidersthespiritualtrain- ingofthechildthemostvitalfactorineducation,shewillhave nothingtodowiththeStateschools,whichofficiallyrejectreligionfromthecurriculum.Itentailsthebuilding,equipping, andstaffingofCatholicschoolsatatremendoussacrifice.NonCatholicsectshavenutbeenwillingorabletomakethesame sacrifice,andsotheStateschoolsystemhasdevelopedtotheexclusionandthereforetothedetrimentofreligion.Mostofthelegis- latorswhoevolvedthesystemweremenwhohonestlybutmistakenlydisbelievedinreligion.Somewentevenfurther.Sir HenryParkes,theprimemoverofthesysteminAustralia,pub- liclyadmittedthatheconsidereditadeathblowtothecalling oftheclergy.

Fromthepointofviewofreligion,therefore,thesecularsys- temwasdefective.Butitwasalsounjust,foritdidnotgive freedomofconsciencetothosesectswhodisagreedwithit.No otheralternativewasgiven.Thetaxesimposedonallsections ofthecommunityforeducationalpurposesweredivertedtothe supportoftheStateschoolsexclusively,andconscientiousobjec- torstothesystemwerenotconsidered.Wheneventuallythey didbuildandequipandstafftheirownschools,itwasonlytobe .evpectedthattheStatewouldatleastpayforthesecularinstructiongiven,andforwhichitwouldotherwisehavetopayfor,inthe Stateschools.Notonly(liditnotdothis,butitrefusedtore-imbursetoreligiousschoolstheamountwhichhadbeenpaidintaxes forthatpurpose.InEngland,atthepresenttime,CatholicsreceivebacktheirownshareofthetaxesintheshapeofGovernmentsupportfortheirschools,butinAustraliatheGovernment usesCatholictaxesforitsownStatesystemandforcestheCatholicstopayoveragainfortheirown.

When,therefore,writersfailtoseetheinjusticeofthesecular system,itimplieseitherthattheyarenotfullyconversantwiththe conditions,orthattheyareprejudicedagainstreligionaltogether. Thislatterprejudiceis,ofcourse,apalpablyfoolishone.Itis opposedtoallthelessonsofhistory."Thereisindeednothing morewonderfulinthehistoryofthehumanrace,"saysLecky,the historian,"thanthewayinwhichtheidealofChristianityhas traversedthelapseofages,acquiringanewstrengthandbeauty witheachadvanceofcivilisationandinfusingitsbeneficentinfluenceintoeverysphereofthoughtandaction."Theteachingsand practicesofreligionformanessentialpartofourcivilisation.They areultimatelyblendedwithourwholepersonallife.Toreject themistoswimagainstthewholecurrentofhistoryandtradition. Christianinfluencesmustneedspresideovereveryimportantact fromthecradletothegrave.

ByMONACHI.

Wecontinuewiththatilluminating document,"TheTruthAboutRoman Catholicism."

Mr.Tullochsays:"GregorytheGreat condemnedtheworshipofimagesand thecanonicityofthebooksofthe 'Machabees' "

Weshalldealwiththesecondpoint first:

St.GregorytheGreatnevercondemnedtheCanonicityofthesaid Books.Allthereistoitisasfollows: St.Gregory,inBookXIX,No.34,of his"Morals"or"Commentaryonthe BookofJob,"speakingonthenecessityofavoidingPride,thatmayresultfromovercomingothervices,comparesonewhofallsintoittoEleazar, whofellavictimtotheelephantwhich hesobravelyslew.(Eleazar'sstory istoldinI.Machabees,chap.6.)Be-. Lc-reusingthisstory,St.Gregorysays heisgoingtotakeanillustrationfrom "bookswhich,thoughnotcanonical, havebeeneditedfortheedificationof theChurch."Butbythewords,"not canonical,"St.Gregorymeantthese bookswerenotcanonicalaccordingto theHebrewcanon.LongbeforeSt. Gregory'stime,theLatinChurchheld thesebooksascanonical.(Alonglist oftestimoniesonthismattercouldbe givenhereifnecessary).Butthe Hebrewswhoseexamplewasfollowed bytheProtestants,alwaysrejected themasuncanonical.St.Augustine, manyyearsbeforeSt.Gregory,made explicitmentionofthisdifference. Speakingaboutthesebookshesaid: " theBooksofMachabees,which nottheJewsbuttheChurchholdsat canonical."

ItcannotbedoubtedthatSt.Gregory,adheringtotheopinionofSt. Augustine,andhavinginmindthe CanonoftheSacredBooks,ashanded downbyhispredecessors,deniedthat theBooksoftheMachabeeswerecan onicalaccordingtotheHebrewCanon, butnotaccordingtotheChristian. InthisSt.GregoryfollowedtheexampleofmenlikeOrigenandSt.Jerome, who,whenaddressingthemselvesto theJewishdoctorsinconnectionwith thesebooks,excludethemfromthe Canon(JewishCanon)but,onother occasions,frequentlyquotethemas sacred,followingtheCanonofthe Church,notthatoftheSynagogue.

Regardingtheworshipofimages: InRome,especially,wefindtheposi- tionofholyimagesexplainedsoberly andreasonably.Theyarethebooks oftheignorant.ThisideaisafavouriteoneofSt.GregorytheGreat Id.604).HewritestoanIconoclast bishop,SerenusofMarseilleswhohad destroyedtheimagesinhisdiocese: "Notwithoutreasonhasantiquity allowedthestoriesofsaintstobe paintedinholyplaces.Andweindeedentirelypraisetheefornotallowingthemtobeadored,butweblame theeforbreakingthem.Foritisone thingtoadoreanimage:itisquite anotherthingtolearnfromtheappearanceofapicturewhatwemust adore.Whatbooksaretothosewho canread,thatapictureistotheignorantwholookatit;inapicture eventheunlearnedmayseewhatexampletheyshouldfollow;inapicture theywhoknownolettersmayyet read.Hence,forbarbariansespecial ly,apicturetakestheplaceofabook." Fromthisitisclearthatby"Adore," St.DivineGregorymeansgivingtheimages worship,or"thecultuslatriae," notthe,venerationwhichCatholics havealwaysbestowedonthem.The formerSt.Gregorywouldnothave, butthelatterherecommendedinexactlythesamewayastheChurchhas alwaysdone,

Mr.Tullochgoeson:"PopeLiberius, inthe4th.century,erred,asPopein condemningAthanasius,andconsented tothehereticalfaithoftheArians, andholdingcommunionwiththem. Onthisaccounthewasanathematised byHilary."

Thisisanoldstory,frequentlyused bytheenemiesofthePapacyasan argumentagainsttheInfallibilityof theRomanPontiff.Isitatrue story?Doesitproveanything,ifitis?

1.Ithasneverbeenprovedthatthe abovestoryishistoricallytrue.Itis basedchieflyonsomefragmentary writingsattributedtoSt.Hilaryof Poitiers.Accordingtothesefragments,PopeLiberius,whohadbeenexiledbyEmperorConstantiusforhavingrefusedtocondemnAthanasius,the Catholicchampion,finallywornout bythesufferingsofhisexileandunder threatoffurthersufferings,andeven death,yielded,condemnedAthanasius subscribedtheAriancreedandcommunicatedwiththeArianandEusebianheretics.Butthegenuinenessof thesefragmentary'writingsofSt.Hilaryhasneverbeenestablished,andall argumentspointtoaninterpolation, sothatthebestcriticsnowadays,even amongProtestants,lookuponthese fragmentsasspurious.Smithand Wace,forexample,intheir"DictionaryofChristianBiography,"underthe headingAthanius,I,p.192,writethat theletterinwhichLiberiussaysthat Athanasiushadbeenexcommunicated byhimisrightlyheldasspurious.

ItisremarkablethatSt.Hilaryin thoseworkswhichcertainlyarehis oftenpraisesLiberiusasastaunchdeinderuftheFaithagainsttheArians, andneveronceasmuchasmentions hissupposedfallintoheresy.

Inhisbook,"DeSynodis,"written afterthedateoftheallegedfall,Hilaryfrequentlylamentsthedefection ofothers,butneverreferstothatof PopeLiberius.

Notlessremarkableisthefactthat suchgreathistoriansasSocrates,Theodoret,CassidoriusandSulpitiusSeverus,dealingatlengthwiththisperiodofChurchHistory,keptcomplete silenceonthismatter.

IftothisweaddthattheArians werenotoriousfortheirrestlessspirit thatstoppedatnothingthatmightfurthertheircause,weshallreadilygrant thattheydidnotsparetheircalumniesagainstaPopewhoshowedhimselfanindefatigabledefenderofthe CouncilofNicaea,bothbeforeandafter hisallegedapostasy.

2.Letusagree,forargumentsake, thattheabovestoryistrue,andthat LiberiussubscribedtheAriancreed. DidhefallawayfromtheFaiththereby?TheAriansformulatedtheir creedinthree(somesayfour)different wa'-s.Now,ofthoseformulaeonly one-thesecond-washeretical.The others,thoughnotexpressingthewhole Catholicdoctrineinquestion,contained nothingtowhichaCatholiccouldobject,and,therefore,couldbesubscribedtobyallCatholicsand,consequently,bythePopealso.Butaccording tothehistorianSozomen(1,iv.,c.151, PopeLiberiusexplicitlycondemnedthe secondformula,whichwasobviously heretical.Ifhedidsubscribetoany oftheothertwoorthree,hedidnot becomeanhereticbysodoing.At mosthewasguiltyofhavingavoided theuseoftheword"Homoousios" ("consubstantial"),whichwasthe watchwordoftheCatholics,andthus FavouredtheadversariesoftheNicene Council,butcouldnotbesaidtohave professedafalsedoctrine.

3.ButwemaygofartherandhumourtheenemiesofthePapacybvsayingthatLiberiusactuallysubscribed (Cont.,tiedonPage12.)

FifthPlainChantFestival

MostSuccessfulYet

ArchbishopPraisesWorkof TeachersandChildren

DiocesanDirector'sAppreciativeReport

TheFifthAnnualPlainChantFestival,celebratedthisyear,hasbeenby farthemostsuccessfulyet.Wartimeconditionsrenderedtheholding ofcompetitionstoodifficult,butthe greatcentralactoftheseannualfestivals,thesingingofHolyMassbythe combinedchoirsofourschools,bothin theCathedralandatSt.Patrick's,Fremantle,wasthegreatestmanifestation yetofthecompleteandresounding successofthemovementforhavingin ourArchdioceseanenthusiasticconformitywiththewillandmindofthe ChurchregardingtheLiturgyandthe musicthatsurroundsallhergreatacts ofpublicworship.

Therewerenearly2,500childrenpresentinSt.Mary'sCathedralonthe FeastoftheSevenDoloursofOur Lady,andalternatingwiththeboys oftheCathedralChoirtheysangthe Masssetforthisyear,No.II"Orbis Factor,"andattheOffertorythe 'Adorote"andthe"Aveverum."The Massconcludedwiththe"SalveRegina."TheProperoftheMasswas singbytheCathedralchoirboys.In the"StabatMater"thewholeassemblysangthealternateverses.

Conductingfromthepulpit,theDiocesanDirectorofSacredMusic(Rev. A.Lynch)heldthisvastbodyof singerswelltogether,andtheirvoices rosestronglyandsweetlyinpraiseof GodandinhonourofHisMother,to whomwasdedicatedthedayandthe Cathedralinwhichtheyweregathered. Noothermusiccouldhavetoldofthe sorrcra'sofChrist'sMotherwithsuch touchingdignityasdidtheChurch's ownliturgicalmusic,norcouldthelove ofGodhavewelledupinsuchpowerfulsongasinthechantoftheMass. Therecouldbenogreaterrewardfor theteachersthantohearthegloriouslyvelvettoneofthemassofsingers, theresultoftheirownindividualsuccessfuleffortstotrainthechildren's voicescorrectly.Inthisregardvery greatpraiseandgratitudeisduetoall theteachers,butinparticulartothe classteachersofthesmallschoolswho, despiteenormousdifficulties,havebeer moststrikinglysuccessfulinteaching theirchildrentosingnotonlycorrectlybutwithbeautifulquality.Inthe "Sanctus"andthe"Adorote"theupwardsurgeofthevoicescaughtupthe spiritintoamysticalrisingcurrentof praiseandadorationinthewaythe Churchintendedthattheliturgy shoulddo.

AtFremantle,wherethefollowing dayathousandchildrengatheredat St.Patrick'sChurch,thesuccesswas equallygreat,perhapsgreater,because ofthegreatermanagabilityofthe voicesinthesmallerbuilding.

HisGracetheArchbishoppresided atbothMasses,and,addressingthe children,spokeofhisappreciationof thewonderful'worktheyandtheir teachersweredoing,andofthejoy andgratificationitwastohimtohear themsingingsobeautifullyanddevotionallythewonderfulwordsofthe HolyMasstothelovelymelodiesthat ourHolyMothertheChurchhasblessedasbeingparticularlyherown.He stressedthehelpthattheirtraining 111.

- DAXCEinaidofParishFunds,willbeheldin ST.BRIGID'SPARISHHALL, WESTPERTH.on FRIDAY,OCTOBER1.

Aninvitationisextendedtoall,and anenjoyableeveningisassured. GoodMusic. ExcellentSupper. Admission:1/6and2/6.

wouldbetotheirownparishes,and thankedtheDiocesanDirectorforhis successful,work,aswellasthereligious teachers,theparishpriests,andallwho hadhelpedtomakethisyear'sdemonstrationsuchagreatsuccess.

TheorganistbothatPerthandFremantlewasMissFrancesMoran.

ANNUALREPORTOFTHEDIOCESANDIRECTOROFSACRED MUSIC.

InthisthefifthyearsincetheinstitutionofanannualPlainChantFestival,werecommencethefour-year cycleofaprogrammedestinedtoprovideeachparishwithasufficientrepertoireofPlainChantmelodiesto coverallliturgicalactivities,i.e.,three PlainChantMasses,theRequiemMass, CredoNo.3,andalargenumberof hymnsandmotets.Thisyearthe Mass,"OrbisFactor,"CredoNo.3,"The Adorote,"the"AveVerum,""Tantum ErgoNo1,""AdoremusNo.1,"the "SalveRegina,"andthe"Stahat Mater"havebeenstudied.Theadvancesincethisprogrammewasstudied fiveyearsagoissogreatthatnocomparisonispossible.Thesecondary schools,withtheirgreateropportunities,werealwaysgood,andnowthere arehighschoolsandcollegeswhose singingmustbeheardtobebelieved. Yetmorehearteningeventhanthisis theworkofourprimaryschools,especiallysomeofthesmallerones,who havecometogripswiththevarious problemsofvoiceproduction,pure vowelsounds,andmusicalityinsplendidfashion.

Intheboys'schoolsandcolleges,too, thisyearhasseenawonderfulamount ofprogress.Altogetherwecanbe verygratefultoGodforthewonderful workourchildrenandteachershave done.

KALGOORLIEANDTHEWHEAT BELT.

TheannualexaminationsinPlain Chantwilltakeplaceinthesecond andthirdweeksofOctober.Theprogrammewillbeasfollows:

Northam:October4.

Coolgardie:October8. MissaCantata,October9.

KalgoorlieandBoulder:Tuesday,October5,untilFriday,October8.Missa CantataatKalgoorlie,onOctober8.

MerredinandKellerberrin:October 11,

CunderdinandToodyay:October12.

YorkandBeverley:October13.

GreatSouthernandSouth-WestDistrictsduringthesecondandthird weeksofNovember.

ST.MARY'SCATHEDRALCHOIR.

Owingtoallthemenofthechoir havingenlistedinthevariousservices, foralongtimetheboyshavebeen singingalone.Aneffortisnowbeing madetobringbackmensingers,butso fewareleftwithusthatgreatdifficulty isbeingexperienced.Wouldnotany tenororbasssingerswhofeelthey canhelpoffertheirservicestohelp keepthingsgoinguntilourmencome back?

PerhapsmembersofAlliedServices temporarilyinPerthwouldhelpfor thetimebeing.Ifyouhavethesingingability,butnotthenecessaryexperience,theCathedralchoirmaster wouldhepreparedtohelpprivately. Themainqualificationsareazealto makesomelittlesacrificeintheservice ofGod,avoice,andatrueear.

FatherLynch(thechoirmaster) maybeseenafterthe11o'clockMass onSunday,orattheArchbishop'sPalacebyappointment.

Centenaryofthe HolyChildhood Society

CHILDRENOFMETROPOLITAN AREACELEBRATEEVENT.

OnSeptember15,2,500children gatheredinSt.Mary'sCathedralforthe AnnualPlainChantFestivalcelebratedtheCentenaryoftheHolyChildhoodSociety.Thechildren,under thedirectionofRev.A.Lynch,DiocesanDirectorofSacredMusic,renderedthemusicoftheSolemnHighMass. ThecelebrantwasRev.J.P.McGillicuddy,assistedbyRev.T.Ahernas Deacon,andRev.P.J.Donnellyas Sub-Deacon.HisGracetheArchbishoppresided.Hewasassistedby VeryRev.E.Kennedy,D.D.,Adm., ,,pdVeryRev.TWallace,Adm.Ra.v. J.P,O'FarrelwasAssistantPriest.The ceremonieswereunderthedirectionof Rev.J.T.Rafferty.

HisGrace,addressingthechildren. thankedthemfortheirsplendidefforts onbehalfoftheMissions.HeexhortedthemtothankGodduringHoly Massthatmorning,forthesuccess thathadattendedtheHolyChildhood Societyduringthecenturyofitsexistence,andtopraythattheSociety willcontinuetoprosper.

OnSeptember16,1,000childrenfrom theFremantledistrictcametogetherat St.Patrick'sChurch,Fremantle.SolemnHighMasswascelebratedby Rev.T.Conway.O.M.I,,assistedby RevT.P.McGillicuddyasDeacon, andRev.S.HarareasSub-Deacon.His GracetheArchbishoppresided,assistedbyVeryRev.T.Haugh.,O.M.I.,and Rev.J.Ryan,O.M.T.Thechildren, underthedirectionofRev.A.Lynch, renderedthemusicoftheMass.His Grace,inthecourseofhisaddress,outlinedthedutiesofmembershipofthe HolyChildhoodSociety,andexplainedtheimportantroletheSocietywas calledupontoplayinthespreadof Christ'sKingdomonearth.Heagain thankedthechildrenfortheirgenerositytowardstheMissions:,andhoped thattheywouldcontinuetosupport thismostworthycause.Thatsupport,concludedHisGrace,couldbe mosteffectivelyrenderedbyactiveand enthusiastic-membershipoftheHoly ChildhoodSociety.

AfterMassattheCathedralandFremantlethechildrenreceivedprayer leafletscommemoratingtheCentenary.

tOe

citrcObiocese

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

September26-9ain.:PresideatSolemnHighMassatSt.Jerome's Church,Spearwood,ontheoccasion ofthecelebrationoftheFeastofSt. Jerome.

October3-10a.m.:PresideatSolemn HighMassatSt.Therese'sChurch, Gwelup,ontheoccasionofthecelebrationoftheFeastofSt.Therese. 3.30p.m.:Attendcelebrationofthe FeastofSt.ThereseattheCarmelite Monastery,Nedlands.

October4-8.30p.m.:Attendopening ofJuniorPriests'Retreat.

October10:AttendAnnualGiftDay atCastledareJuniorOrphanage. AttendopeningofMissionatSt. Mary'sCathedral, October11-3.30p.m.:Administerthe SacramentofConfirmationatSt. Mary's,Kalamunda.

October24(MissionSunday)-11a.m.: PontificateatSt.Mary'sCathedral. 3p.m.:AttendAnnualRallyofPromotersofthePropagationofthe Faith,atSt.Mary'sCathedral. 7.30p.m.:AttendcloseofMissionat St.Marv'sCathedral.

October31(FeastofChristtheKing) 11a.m.:PontificateatSt.Mary'sCathedral.

3p.m.:AttendDiocesanRallyofthe HolyNameSociety,atSt.Mary's Cathedral.

FEASTOFTHELITTLEFLOWER OBSERVANCEATCARMELITE MONASTERY.

OnSunday,October3,at3.30p.m., HisGracetheArchbishopwillpreside atthecelebrationsattheCarmelite MonasteryinhonouroftheFeastof St.Therese.Theoccasionalsermon willbepreachedbyRev.FatherT.Perrott,S.J.SolemnBenedictionofthe BlessedSacramentwillbefollowedby thevenerationoftherelicoftheSaint.

Catholic Girls'Movement

HEADQUARTERSANDCLUB ROOMS:

BankofNS.W.Chambers,65St. George'sTerrace(nearSherwood Court)-Rooms7-10FirstFloor.

CALENDAROFACTIVITIES.

SHORTHAND:5--630p.m.,Monday andFriday.

DRAMATICS:8p.m.,Tuesdayand Friday.

HOMECRAFTS:8p.m.,Monday.

E,S.C.:8p.m.,Monday.

DANCE:CecilBuildings,8p.m Tuesday.

NURSES'PRAESIDIUM:8p.m., Tuesday.

DRESSMAKING:7.-9.30p.m.,Wednesday.

MASS:8a.m.Exposition.Benediction,5.45p.m.,Thursday.

CHOIR:8p.m.,Thursday.

ORCHESTRAANDSWINGBAND: 8p.m.,Friday.

CANTEENSERVICE, L.B,A.Group.

PhyllisDean:October4.

TownHall:October14. C.G.M.Group.

PhyllisDean:October7.

TownHall:October17.

"YOUTHSPEAKS."

Hereisachanceinalifetimetolearn theartofconversationinaverysimpleyetattractivestyle.Comeand joinourrapidlygrowingdebating groupandmakeyourdebutinyet anothersphereoftheClub'sactivities.

PayusavisitnextFriday,October 1,at8p.m.,andtryitoutforyourself.Wehaveplentyofentertainment toofferyou-guestspeakers,debates, andplentyoffun.Itisallyourown forthecoming.

CHOIR.

Allactiveandinterestedmembers areaskedtoattendonThursday,September23,at8.30p.m.Ashortrehearsalwilltakeplace,followedbya lectureonMusicingeneral,andadiscussionontheDecemberconcert. Afterwardsadaintysupperwillbe servedandanenjoyableeveningis promisedtoall.

ORCHESTRAANDDANCEBAND.

AllmembersareadvisedthatpracticewilltakeplaceasusualonFriday, 24th.inst,,at8p.m.sharp.

F.HUFNER

29MABELST.,NORTHPERTH. TUNESANDREPAIRSPIANOS ANDORGANS.

'PhoneB5824.

Therewasalargeattendanceatthe usualmonthlymeetingoftheCathedralBranch,heldonSeptember6,at whicharrangementsweremadeforthe nextbridgeparty,whichistotake placeonTuesday.September28.The woolrugwasdisposedof,andMr. Matheson,oftheA.M.P.,provedtobe thewinner.

SHORTHANDCLASSES.

Infutureshorthandclasseswillbe heldonMondayandFridayonly,atthe usualtime-5--6.30p.m.Twoteachers willbepresent,andtuitionintheory andspeedwillbegiven.Intending studentsmayapplyatanytime.

PHYSICALFITNESS.

Feellikeaspotofexercisetoloosen upthosestilljoints?Well,-whynot comeuptotheC.G.M.PhysicalCultureClass?Allthosegirlswhoput theirnamedownonthelist,don'tforgetWednesdayistheday;5.15and5.45 thetimes.

HOMECRAFTS.

Don'tforgetourfancygoodsstall forCastledareFieldDay,onOctober 10. Docomeupandhelpusmake allsortsofnoveltiestosell.Youwill bemadeverywelcomeonMonday nightsat8p.m.,inroom7.

DANCINGCLASSES.

Thisactivityisstillbeingheldatthe CathedralHalleveryTuesdayevening at8p.m.Modernballroomdancing istaught,andanygirlwishingtoattendtheseclassesmayhandinher nameattheClubRooms.

MAGAZINE.

Westillhavealargesupplyofthe firsteditiononhandattheClubRooms. Buyyourcopyassoonaspossible. C.G.M.BASKETBALLFIXTURES.

Saturday,September25,1943:

Cathedral1v.Cathedral2,atHighgate,3.30p.m.Umpire:PatPhillips.

Cathedral3v.Highgate3,atHighgate,2.15p.m.Umpire:AnneHiggins. Nedlancls1v.Highgate2,atNedlands, 3.30p.m.Umpire:PatDonohue.

Nedlands2v.Highgate1,atHighgate,2.15p.m.Umpire:RomaAtkinson.

Leederville1v.Leederville2,atHighgate,3.30p.m.Umpire:PatMcGrade.

Maylands1v.WestPerth,atWest Perth,2.15p.m.Umpire:Mur.Thump. son.

Maylands2v.Subiaco2,atWest Perth,3.30p.m.Umpire:BettyRyan.

Leederville3v.Subiaco1,atNedlands,2.15p.m.Umpire:PatHalligan.

WANTED.

Wantedforafewmonthsbya younggirl,accommodationinagood Catholichome.ForfurtherparticularspleasereplytotheSecretary, C.G.M.,orringB4836.

ForinformationregardingtheCatholicGirls'Movement,kindlyringB4836, orcallinattheClubRoomsanyweek dayafter10a.m.

PEERLESSBREADMANUFACTURERS

145FITZGERALDSTREET,PERTH.

OurMotto:"QUALITYandSERVICE." Specialties-VIENNABREADandROLLS.

'Phone:B1041.

WholesaleBUTCHER andRetail

FORREALPRIME,TENDER

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

GeneralCommunion.

Bythetimethemajorityofmembershavereceivedtheircopyof''The Record,-theGeneralCommunionand breakfastwillbeover,sothereis reallynoneedformetoexhortmemberstobepresent,butinsteadIwill hopethatallmemberswillhaveattended,andwillbeverydisappointed iftheyhavenotliveduptotheirpast traditions. Iwillstilltaketheopportunityofremindingthemembers thatthetennisafternoonwillbeheld asusualonSundayafternoon,and thereiseveryhopeoftheweather beingfine(it'sabouttimeanyway). Sobethere,members,andjointhe happygathering,

TheLateMr.RonMorris.

ItiswithregretthatIreportthe deathofMr.RonMorris,whichoccurredonSeptember14,afteranextended illness.Ron,whowaswellknownto all,hadalwaysbeenaverypopular memberoftheAssociation.Rontook overthepositionofSecretaryofSt. Kevin'sClubwhenthenewclubwas formed,andthesuccessofthatclub hasbeendueinnosmallwaytohis untiringandenthusiasticefforts.He wasamemberoftheexecutiveofthe Association,andwasthisyearappointedtothepositionofvice-president, whichpositionheheldathisdeath. Healsoheldtheveryonerousposition ofPressCorrespondent,andhisnotes andreportswerealwayslookedforward tobythemembers.Ifeelsurethat anywordsImaywritecouldnotpossiblyexpresstheregretfeltbyallat thelossofsuchafriendandtrueAssociationmember.Tohisfamilyweextendourdeepestsympathy,andassure themthathewillalwaysberememberedbyallasapalandtruefriend. R.I.P, Presentation.

Followingthecouncilmeetingon Fridaylast,theopportunitywastaken tomakeapresentationtoMessrs.McGillivrayandHerbert,inrecognition oftheappointmenttolifehonorary membersoftheAssociation.ThePresident(Mr.A.E.Heagney)spokeof theexcellentworkwhichhadbeen performedbythesetwogentlemen eversincethefoundationoftheAssociationin1927.Theiruntiringefforts intheearlydayswouldeverberememberedinthehistoryofCatholictennis inthisState.ThePresidentwassupportedinhisremarksbyMr.J.Edwards,senr.(foundationPresident)and Mr,JimTully,whobothtooktheopportunityofaddingalittlehumourto theproceedingsbyrelatingafewof theirexperiencesintheearlydays. Rev.FatherRaffertyjoinedwiththe previousspeakersinexpressingappreciationattheworkperformedbythe twohonouredgentlemen,andhoped thatthepresentmemberswouldcontinuetocarryonwiththeexcellent workwhichhadbeensetthem.

FollowingthepresentationbythePresident,Messrs.McGillivrayandHerbertbothsuitablyresponded,and thankedtheAssociationforthevery highhonourtheyhadbestowedupon themandfortheverynicepresentation made,whichwouldalwaysservetoremindthemofthewonderfultimesthey hadsentintheAssociationandof themanytrueandexcellentfriends theyhadmade.Bothgentlemenalso tooktheopportunitytoreminiscea littleoverthepast,whichproved veryinterestingtoallpresent.

Personal.

CongratulationstoLieut.andMrs. JohnHarnett,onthearrivalofadaughter.Wearekeepingoureyesonall newarrivals,andenrollingthemas likelymembersoftheAssociation. Hopeyoudon'tmind?

IunderstandthatMr.LenHarrisis backinW.A.Seemstohaveslipped intotheStatequiteunobserved-well tomeanyway(didIhearsomebody sayhowunusual?).Anyway,Len, whataboutlettingushearfromyou, orseeyou,orsomething?

NINFAININ#4,4104,0004........#011.04.4414,114.1.04.4

PERTHFISHERIES

489WELLINGTONST.,PERTH.

FISHANDPOULTRYSUPPLIED. WholesaleandRetail.

Phone:B5992. CityDeliveries. CountryOrdersCateredTar.

St.Mary'sBranch,Leederville.

Atthemeetingon13th.inst.,Master PaulTraverswaselectedasabenefit memberandgivenaheartywelcome. Thisbranchwasparticularlywellrepresentedatboththewomen'sand men'sRetreats,theyoungermembers, especially,respondingsplendidly.

AfterthemeetingonMondaynext, thebranchwillbevisitedbymembers ofSt.Malachi's,St.Kevin's,St. Brigid's,andSt.LawrenceO'Toole branches. Aspecialsocialwillbe heldfortheentertainmentofour guests,andmembersofthisbranchare requestedtoattendinfullforce. St.Joachim'sBranch.

Thepresident,Sr.N.Daly,presided overafairattendanceatthemeeting heldonAugust30. Wearevery pleasedtoseeSrs.DalyandTwycross aboutagainaftertheirrecentattack ofthe'flu.Thepresidentextendeda veryheartywelcometoBro.T.P. Murphy,whoishomeonleavebefore hisdeparturefortheNorthernTerritory.WewerepleasedtoseeBro.J. Tondut(R.A.A.F.)lokoingsowell. Jimishomeonabriefvisit,andwe wishhimandBro.Murphythebestof luck.SeveralofourmembersattendedtheconcertorganisedbytheI.N.F. andhadaveryenjoyableevening.We hopetoseealargeattendanceatthe meetingonb:ptember27.

SubiacoYoung Men'sClub

ByACE.

Averysuccessfuldancewasheldin St.Joseph'sHallonSaturdaynight. Thiswasquitethemostsuccessfulof ourdancesthisyear.Anumberof newandyouthfulpatronswereeager todisplaytheskilltheyareacquiring atourdancingclasses;andwealso welcomedourusualbevyofvisitors, Thesuccessofthisdance,inspite oftheinclementweather,promiseswell forournextdanceonSaturday,October2.Thosewhowouldlikealittle extradancingwillbepleasedtoknow thattheChildren'sAnnualBallwillbe heldinSt.Joseph'sHallonthenight ofFriday,October1.

Obituary.

Weregrettoannouncethedeathof afoundationmemberoftheS.C.Y.M.S., thelateMr.RonMorris.Rontook anunfailinginterestinoursociety,and hisfamiliarfigurewasknowntoallour members.RequiemMasswascelebratedforthereposeofhissoulon WednesdaylastinSt.Joseph'sChurch, Subiaco,Themembersofthe S.C.Y.M.S.extendtheirdeepsympathy totheparentsandrelativesofMr.Ron Morris.Atourmeeting,afterprayershadbeenofferedforthereposeof hissoul,oneminute'ssilencewasobserved.

Tournaments.

Thescoresforthetournamentsare asfollows:St.Roger's,148;St. Thomas',148;St.John's,139;St.Gerald's,124, Personal.

Oursecretary,HarryJermy,whois apatientinSt.JohnofGod'sHospital,ismakingsatisfactoryprogress. Anewmember,inBillHodge,was welcomedintotheclubatourlast meeting.

AtourlastmeetingBrianRyanwas withusonceagain.

HenryVIII'sSuitofNullity

HowCranmersetupaNationalChurch

TheReformationfindsaVestedBacking

Catholicism'sGradualExtinction inEngland

(ContinuedfromPage3.)

Wecomenowtotheimmediate causeofthebreachwithRome.

Henry'swife,CatherineofAragon,had beenmarriedasachildtoHenry'sboy brother,Arthur.But,althoughthey hadbeenmarriedpublicly,theyhad neverlivedtogetherasmanandwife, YetwhenArthurdiedandHenrywishedtomarryCatherine,adispensation hadtobesoughtfromJuliusII,for theywererelatedinthefirstdegreeof affinity.Aftersomehesitationthe Popefinallygrantedthedispensation toconsoleIsabellaofSpainonher death-bed,onthegroundsthatthe marriagehadnotbeenconsummated.

Now,afterseventeenyearsofmarried life,HenryVIIIaffectedtofearthat hewaslivinginincestwithhislate brother'srelict.Hethereforesued foranannulmentofhismarriagewith Catherineonthegrounds,firstly,that Catheriqehadreallybeenthewifeof hisbrother,and,secondly,thatthe Pope'sdispensingpowerwasofno effectinthiscase,asitwasagainst thelawofGodasrevealedinLeviticus.

Henry'sactualmotivesappearto havebeennotonlyhisinfatuationfor AnneBoleynbutherrefusaltoyield tohimandherdeterminationtobe Queen.Secondly,Catherinecouldno longerofferhopesofanheir.There wasonlyonesurvivingchildofthe marriage,Mary,andnomaleheir. Henrywasprobablysincereaboutthis, sincetheTudorshadonlyseizedthe thronebyviolence40yearsbeforeand theneedofanheirwasimperative.

Moreoverthematterofannulment wascommonenoughinthosedays, andHenryhadnotreasontoanticipatearefusal.Sohecommittedthe enterprisetoWolsey,who,despitehis initialrepugnanceandobjection,endedbystrainingeverynervetosecure hisroyalmaster'sdesire.Themain ideawastohavethecaseheardand concludedintheEnglishcourts,but Catherine'sCastilianpridedefeated thisprojectandappealedtoRome.A legate,Compeggio,wassent,whofirst triedtosettlethematterbyappealing toCatherinetoenteraconvent.Catherine,however,stoodbyherrightsand thoseofherdaughter,andsothecase

STOVES:Wood,Gas,newandused. Enamelsheetsforbackofstoves,sinks, etc.Hassell,559WellingtonStreet.

ALEXRODOREDA

TurfCommissionAgent 802HAYSTREET.

AGENTFORWACHARITIES. RingB5841andB5236. DERBY'S

MURRAYSTREET.PERTH.

'Phone:B7777

REGISTEREDW.A.T.A

J.NEILSON,Optician

S.DANNELL,F.S.M.C.(London), W.A.O.A.

OPTOMETRIST, Tel,:B2014.

15PLAZAARCADE,PERTH.

proceeded,despitethequeen'srefusal torecognisethecompetenceofthe Court.ButtheLegatewasunderinstructionstoplayfortimeinanendeavourtoreconciletheKingand Queenandnottogiveajudgment. HenryandWolsey,ontheotherhand, pressedforaspeedydecision,even underthreats.Rumoursmeanwhile arrivedfromRomethatClementwould shortlyreservethecausetohimself. ThisgaveCampeggiothelet-outhewas lookingfor.Henry,goadedonby Anne,wasimpelledtofinalmeasures. Wolseywasdisgraced,fellanddied.

ThenextmovewastoseektheopinionsoftheUniversities,manyof whichdeclaredinHenry'sfavour,Five yearselapsedsinceHenry'scasehad beenfirstmooted.Annehadyielded totheKing,andbeinginacondition topromisehimanheir,hewassecretlymarriedtoherin1533,hutthemarriagewasnotavowedtillthefollowingEaster.Itwasnownolongerpos,ibletohopeforanythingfromRome, soHenrycontrivedtohaveCranmer appointedArchbishopofCanterbury, andthiscravenfoxinthesameyear pronouncedHenry'smarriagetoCatherinenullandvoid,anddeclared HenryandAnnelawfullywedded.The PopeannulledCranmer'sdecisionand orderedHenrytotakebackCatherine ashiswife.Butnowthediehadbeen cast,anditmatteredlittletoHenry howClementhaddecided.Underthe instigationofThomasCromwell,itwas decidedtoerectaseparateandindependentchurchwithintherealm.A lawwaspassedin1534declaringthe KingHeadoftheChurchinEngland inmattersbothspiritualandtemporal.Twoyearsearlierasimilar measurehadbeenacceptedbythe clergywiththereservation"sofaras thelawofChristallows."

Theoathofsupremacywasadministeredtothebishopsandmonasteries. andalmostuniversallyaccepted.To usthiswouldseemtheend.Butnot toHenry'scontemporaries.Indeed, veryfewmenseemedtoseethata separatechurch,apartfromthevisible andunitedCatholicChurch,would arise.MoreandFishersawitand diedinprotest,Andindeedthebreach neednothavebeenfinalexceptfor theseconddecisiveact,whichwasthe seizureofthemonasticwealth.For fouryearstheplunderwenton,enrichingtheKing'sTreasury,andsoon,the landedgentryandsomespeculators andadventurers.Evennowtherewas nointentiontobreakwiththedoctrinalunityoftheChurch.TheMass wasofferedasusual,theSacraments administered,andtheslackbutthoroughlyCatholicpopulacelivedreligiouslyexactlyastheirfathershaddone. Butoncetheyhadseizedtheabbeys' fruitsthereexistedamongthegoverningclassandthoseenrichedbyplunderaverystrongmotiveforcontinuingthequarrel.Arestorationofthe oldreligionwouldcertainlycreatea demandforthereparationofsacrilege, entailingtheruinofthenewmillionaires.Butthisisnottobeconstruedas aconspiracy.TheKingandhisstooges didnotdevourthemonasteriesinorder togivetherevoltahackingofvested interests.Thatwastheeffectoftheir action,andonlyoccurredtothem afterwards.Theconsequencesofthat actwerenotandcoulldnothavebeen intendedorforeseen.Neitherwas thesuppressionofthemonasteriesa newthing.Wolseyyearspreviously hadobtainedRome'sconsenttosuppresssomesmallhousestoendow

ChristchurchCollegeatOxford,Yet thecatastrophethatrobbedEngland wholesaleofthemonasticlifewas borneinuponthecommonpeople,and theNorthroseinthefamouspilgrimageofGrace.Thiswassuppressedby treacheryandwasfollowedbythe lootingofecclesiasticalrevenueother thanmonasteryandcollege.The motiveofthismovewaspurelymercenary.Evensopeopledidnotconnectthedisappearanceofthemonasterieswiththedisappearanceofthe Mass.Fewpeoplein1540wouldhave believedthat1550wouldhaveseenthe MissalreplacedbytheBookofCommonPrayer,and1560bytheprohibitionoftheMass.

Enormouswealthchangedhandsin thisrevolution.firstlytotheCrownto relieveitsever-presentfinancialcrisis, andlateritthrewtheeconomicpower intothehandsofagreatlyenriched upperclass,which,inacentury,destroyedthemonarchy.Beforetwolifetimeshadelapsed,verynearlythe wholeoftheloothadleftthehands oftheimpoverishedCrownandwasin thehandsofthenewmillionairesand theirnewlandedclasshadalreadybeguntogovernEnglandanddestroythe oldpopularmonarchyoftheEnglish.

So,tosumup.TheReformation waschieflybornofaspiritofhatred oftheFaithwhichisnotcompletely ofthisworld.WherevertheChurch isfightingthisspiritappears.Ithad appearedonCalvary;itappearedin thesixteenthcentury;itappearedin Spaininourownday,Next,the Reformationwasarevoltagainstboth thespiritualandfinancialpowerofthe Pope,thebishops,theclergyandthe monasteries.andagainsttheirprivileges.Itwasoriginallyananti-clericalratherthanananti-doctrinalmove-

ment.Sofarfrombeingrationalist, itledmenintodependenceontexts andablindacceptanceofunreasoned doctrines.Itwasprovokedbythe verycorruptconditionsoftheofficial ChurchandthePapalCourt.There wasgrossinsufficiencyonthepartof thoseresponsibleforthegoodnameof theChurch.ThentherewasthepracticalweakeningofthePapacythrough theAvignonExile,followedbythe GreatSchism.Theavariceofthe landedgentrydirectedtoChurchpossessionwasalsoapowerfulfactor.Then camethebreachoftheEnglishKing, andathisdeaththelootofthemonasteriesseizedbycourtiersoldand newandtheirhangers-on.TheprocessisconsolidatedunderElizabeth, thefigure-head,andCecil,therealgov. ernorofEngland,byarigidandbarbaricrule.AtthedeathofElizabeth in1603perhapshalfEnglandhadde. partedfromCatholictradition.Two yearslater,theGunpowderPlot,nursedbyCecil.turnsthetide.From1605 themassofEnglishmenaredefinitely anti-Catholic.Bythebeginningof the17th.century,therefore,theshipwreckofWesternChristendomiscomplete.Englandisseveredutterly, permanentdivisionsexistinFrance andtheNetherlands.ButinGermany,wherethetroublebegan,there wasaveryvigorousattemptbythe Emperortore-establishCatholicunity. Sadtorelateitwasfrustratedbynone otherthanCardinalRichelieu.From thePeaceofWestphaliain1648thereligiousfrontiersthensettledremainto thisday.

Catholic

PerthFuneral DirectorsLtd.

RandolphKnapp (W.A.O.A.).

SIGHT-TESTINGOPTICIAN.

12ATWELLARCADE, FREMANTLEL1582. ALBANY.

H.C.PriorFuneralDirector ALBANY(Established1921).

PrivateMortuary.MotorVehicles. ChargesModerate. 'Phone216.

Albany,Mt.Barker,Denmarkand Districts,

J.F.CAIN

17STIRLINGHIGHWAY, COTTESLOE. PhoneF2121,DayorNight. LICENSEDSANITARYPLUMBER. IRONWORKER,SHEETMETAL WORKER.

PHONEF2396-ONEQUALITY-THEBEST JAS.KIELY&SONS BEACHBAKERY

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MaltandWholemealBreadaSpeciality.

J.C.HAMILTON,M.P.S.,PH.C. CONSULTINGCHEMIST. 197BRISBANESTREET PERTH.

PrescriptionsCarefullyandAccuratelyDispensed.CompleteStocksof PatentMedicines.CountryOrdersatCityPrices. 'PhoneB7923.

WEREYOUONEOFTHELUCKYONESTHISTIME IFNOT,GETYOURTICKETFROMCHARLESWATSON&CO.

76BARRACKSTREET(NextWilsonandJohn's) £1,000FOR2/6.OtherPrizesbytheThousand.

INTERNATIONALFISHERIES

FRESHFISHTWICEDAILY. 131BARRACKSTREET. DELIVERIESANYWHERE. PHONEB2974

SupplierstoHospitals, andReligiousIt;.titutions.

WEARETHEOLDESTANDLARGESTFISHDISTRIBUTORSIN WESTERNAUSTRALIA. FRESHROASTEDPOULTRY.

arca-abaci qirls cfmr BUSINESS

Thisis

profession-theworkuponwhichwehavebeenengaged

KALGOORLIE

TraditionsUpheld.

The1943MissionendedmagnificentlyonSundaylast.Themissionary Fathersweremosteulogisticintheir commentsonthespiritofFaithinthe Catholiccommunity.Morningand eveningfortwoweeksthechurchwas crowdedwitheagercongregations. AroundthreehundredreceivedHoly Communiondaily,andontheoccasion ofthefinalgeneralCommunionthe numberwasnearereighthundred.The splendidtraditionofKalgoorliewhere Missionswereconcernedhasbeenverified,andtheRev.FathersMcLaughlin andWallaceexpressedtheirgratitude andpleasureatitssuccessfulconclusion.

AtheconclusiononSundayevening, thePapalBlessingwasgivenbyRev, FatherWallace.

TheAdministrator,Rev.Father Carolan,addressedthecongregation, andontheirbehalfaswellashisown expressedsincerethankstotheRedemptoristFathersfortheself-sacrificingwaytheMissionwasconducted. Fromfivea.m.untilmidnightfora fortnighttheyhadlaboureduntiringly anditwasgratifyingtofindtheparishionersrespondingsofervently.

ThemissionaryFathersgenerously arrangedtosaytwoMassesforthe deadoftheparishonMondaymorning, andonceagainthepeopleattendedin hundreds.

Rev.FatherMcLaughlinleavesthis weekforNewZealand,andinthe courseoftimehopestoseeRev. FatherRobinson,whowillbeheartenedbythenewsthathisformerparish islivinguptoitsearlypromise. Children'sParty.

Thechildrenoftheparisharebeing cateredforonSaturdayafternoon,October2,whentheParents'andFTiends' AssociationofSt.Mary'sSchoolwill holdamonsterpartyatSt.Mary's Hall.Thepartywillcommenceat 2.30p.m.,andafternoonteawillbe availablefortheparents.

NORTHAM

TheSpringBall.

Thebalancesheetofthe1943Spring Balldisclosedaprofitof£170approximately,which,thoughnotrecord-breaking,isregardedasexceptionallysatisfactory,andthanksareextendedtoall thosewhocontributedtothisvery fineresult.Inspiteofrestrictions,inevitablyassociatedwiththesedaysof war,theballwasvotedbypatrons asmostenjoyable;themusic,thesupper,andthegeneralarrangementsfor thecomfortandentertainmentof dancersbeingonaparwiththoseearlierSpringBallswhichestablishedsuch afinereputationforthisannualfixture.

C.W.L.

Theparishandpatrioticdancesrun weeklybytheladiesoftheC.W.L.continuetodrawlargecrowds.Their fortnightlyentertainmentforsoldiers fromthe118A.G.H.isanoutingvery muchappreciatedbytheseincapacitatedmembersoftheForces.ThepresentationofsomeMassrequirementsto theC.W.O.HutatNorthamrecently wasafurtherevidenceofthezealand enthusiasmofthisveryactivebandof Catholicwomen.

HolyNameSociety.

ThesecondSundayofSeptember wasHolyNameSunday,andwashonouredintheusualwaybymembers oftheSociety.AftereveningdevotionsanexcellentpaperontheattitudeofCommunismtoReligionwas readbyMr.B.Quinn.Mr.Quinn quotedfromtheencyclicalsofthe Popes,fromthewritingsoftheCom-

WITHOUTAPOLOGY.

(ContinedfromPage8.)

thetrulyhereticalformula.Thequestionis:DoesthelapseofLiberius standasanargumentagainstthe PapalInfallibility?Notatall,becausethissubscriptionofhishad nothingtodowithadefinitionex. cathedra,wherealonethePopeisinfallible.

Accordingtotheadversariesthemselves,Liberiusyieldedonlyunder duresse,and,therefore,hisactionlackedthefreedomandotherrequisites thatmustbepresentinadefinitionexcathedra.

munisticleaders,andfromtheirvariousAustralianpapers,toshowthat ConununismandReligionareirreconcilable.

Personal

Mr.E.GranthasreturnedtoNorthamafteraveryenjoyableholiday spentinAdelaide,wherehissons,one studyingforthePriesthoodandthe otheraChristianBrother,areatpresentworking.

FREMANTLE

EstablishmentofPeople'sEucharistic LeagueandConfraternityoftheMost HolyRosary.

ThefirstbranchofthePeople'sEucharisticLeagueinWesternAustralia willheofficiallyandcanonicallyestablishedateveningdevotionsinSt.Patrick'sChurch,Fremantle,onSunday, October3,theFeastoftheLittle Flower.

TheConfraternityoftheMostHoly Rosarywillalsobeestablishedthe sameevening.ThisisanAssociation oftheFaithfulwhoundertaketorecite fifteendecadesoftheRosaryatleast onceintheweek.Thereisnomore richlyindulgencedconfraternityinthe Church,andmembershipinitisnecessar'.forallwhowishtogainthefull advantagesoftheRosary.

Intendingmembersareaskedto bringtheirRosarybeadsastheyrequireaspecialblessinginordertogain alltheindulgencesattachedtotheConfraternity.

Astheobligationsofmembershipare sosimple,andthespiritualbenefitsso marvellousandnumerous,itistobe hopedthatallparishionerswillavail themselvesofthisopportunityofbecomingmembersofthePeople'sEucharisticLeagueandtheConfraternity oftheMostHolyRosary.

CASTLEDAREORPHANAGE

SUNDAYNIGHTCONCERT.

SEPTEMBER26,at8.30p..m.

ThroughthecourtesyofSirBen jaminFuller,theCapitolTheatrehas beenmadeavailabletoCastledarefor aGrandVarietyConcertbytherenownedU.S.NavyBandandleading artistsfromtheNavy,assistedbywell knownPerthstagestars.

Patronsareassuredofawonderful evening'senjoyment.Theholdersof 3s.ticketsmaybooktheirseatsat Nicholson's,wheretheplanisfilling rapidly.Comealongandhelpthe orphans.Tickets,3s.and2s.,areprocurableatNicholson's,oranyChristianBrothers'school.

F INMEMORIAM 014

HOWE.-Inlovingmemoryofmy dearwife,Nellie,whopassedaway onSeptember14,1941.R.I.P. Eternalrestgrantuntoher,0Lord, andmaythyperpetuallightshine uponher.

-Insertedbyherlovinghusband, E.F.Howe.

WILLIAMS.-Treasuredmemoriesof mybelovedhusband,Robert,who passedawayonSeptember29,1929. R.I.P.

-Insertedbyhislovingwife,Margaret'Williams.

BOLTON.-Inlovingmemoryofour son,WilliamPatrick,whodiedon September11,1941.

SweetJesus,havemercyonhissoul.

-Insertedbyhislovingmother, fatherandsister.

JohndeBrittoBecomesaWanderingIndianAscetic

Tenyearsofincrediblemissionaryhardshipendintorture&death

FatherJohnAlmostConverts HisPersecutor

(ContinuedfromPage4,)

Inordertobecomeallthingstoall menandasagreaterhelptohis work,hehadputonthedressofa "Sannayasi,"orwanderingascetic-a flowingyellowrobeofcotton,reaching tohisankles.Hesatandslepton atiger'sskin,spreadonthebare ground.Vegetablesandricewerehis onlyfood.AsfortheTamillanguage, hemasteredittoperfection.Those wereharddaysthoughtJohn,"but daysabundantlyblessedbyGod."A prayerofthankswasonhislips, Aftertenyearsofmissionarylife, yearsofplayingathareandhounds :illthesoldiersoftheRajaandthe priestsofthetemple,years,too,of abundantconversions,JohnsawhimselfsuperioroftheMission.More thanoncebitterpersecutiontriedthe ss MissionwhenFatherJohnwasatthe helm.ButGodknewhowhehad forcedhisheartandnerveandsinew toconsoleandhelphissufferingflock. Ononeoccasion,tosavesomeofhis catechumensfromdeath,hehadgiven himselfup.Hisheadwouldhave lookeddownfromahighstake,but Providencehadotherplans.Hewas released.AndhisfaithfulChristians spiritedhimacrosstheriverColeroon onapileoffirewood.

Marava,withitsgrim,thoughhappy recollectionsofhiscaptureandimprisonmentbyKumaraPillay,thePrime MinisteroftheRealm,nowflashedon thescreenofhismind.Godhadindeedbeengoodtohimtogivehiman opportunityofprovinghisFaith.Six Christianssharedhissuffering.It wasatKalaryarkoilthattheWhite Sannavasiwas"hammocked"between twotrees,hislegsbeingtiedtoone tree,andhishandstoanother.He underwentthewatertorture,whentied underthearmpitshewassuspended overawellandwassuddenlydropped intothewater.Theypulledhimout, justashegavesignsofdrowning.The torturewasrepeatedagainandagain

NowonderSathivanathanChetty showedthewhiteflag,callingupon thenameofShiva."Buthedidit involuntarilyratherthandeliberately."

Thatwasnottheendtothetortures.

AtPaganeri,theheadquartersofKumaraPillay,someofhiscompanions weresentencedtohavetheirhands andfeetchoppedoff,andtheirtorsos impailedonstakes;hehimselfwasto sharethistreatment.Otherswereto haveafoot,ahand,theirearsand noses,andtonguescutoff,andsent backtotheirfamilies-grimremindersofallthatwouldbefallanyChristianwhorefusedtoinvokeShiva.The WhiteSannayasiheardonceagainthe joyfulshoutsthatescapedthelipsof hisbravecompanionsonhearingthe gladtidingsoftheircomingmartyrTheywerestrippedandbeaten tillthesandaroundwasdarkwith

OODFELLOWS'HOTEL

SOUTHTERRACE,FREMANTLE.

BESTBRANDSSTOCKED. NewlyFurnishedThroughout. ALLWELCOME.

J.G.MULCAHY,Proprietor.

OntheRoad

blood.FatherJohngotthelion's share.Hefeltagainthesharppricks ofthehotburningrockuponwhichhe wasrolled-backandforthhewent, likearollingpin.Andwhenhiseight tormentorshadhadenoughofthisrolling,theylefthimtoscorchintheblazingIndiansun,KumaraPillaywas suddenlysummonedtocourttodeal withaconspiracy,andsotheirmartyrdomwasputoff,buttheyhad showntheirloveandloyalty.

TheWhiteSannayasiwasfinallyreleasedafterhavinghadhissaybeforethegreatRagunathathevar,and hiscourtatRamnad.AndthatmonarchhadallbutbecomeaChristian. HadhenotsaidtoFatherJohninfull durhar,"OncemoreIaffirmthouart intrutharealandanuprightguru," buthehadalsoadded,"Iforbidyou topreachyourreligiontomysubjects. Ifyouwillpreachit, Preachitelsewhere."Drink.robbery, andpolygamywerebutthreelinks ofthechainthatboundtheRajato thecultofShiva.TheSeedhadfallenamidstthethorns.

FatherJohnwasbackwithhisChristians,afreemanonceagain.Ashort restatTopo,andtheWhiteSannayasi setsailforLisbon.Obediencehad senthimhackasProcuratorofthe MalabarProvinceoftheJesuitsin India.Henowsawhimselfmoving amongsttheGrandeesoftheCourtof PacIroIT. Themeetings,thereceptionsinhishonour-theyhadbeenendless.TheWhiteSannayasiwasfrontpagenews,hisnamewasonevery tongue;andyetheeverremainedthe poormissionaryfromIndia,justone oftherankandfile.Helivedon rice,vegetablesandwaterevenwhilst atcourt.Hisbedwasabear'sskin spreadontheground.Theythought itoddbutthentheworldcannotappreciatethefolloweroftheCross.

Lastfarewells-tohismother,Donna Beatrix,hissister,DonnaLuizaMaria, andhisonlysurvivingbrotherFernao, tohisbrothersinreligion,toDon PedrotheKing,andJohndeBritto boardedthe"MariaConceicao"bound fortheFarEast.Hehadalmostmissedhisship,butthankstoFrancis Xavier'sintercessionandtoAntonio Martins.whoracedaftertheMaria ConceicaoinhisCaravella,hehaddone it.TheAdmiralsightedthefullsails ofthetinyCaravellaandhe"heaved to."Thatwasanearmiss!Father Johnbreathedaprayerofthanksgiving.Perhapshewouldnotnowhe inthisfoulprisonatRamnad,condemnedtodeath,ifthatlittlecaravella hadnot"done"it.

OnNovember2,1690,theSanDiego andtheMarieConceicocastanchorin theharbourofGoa,FatherJohn changedhisblackrobesfortheyellow wrapoftheSannayais,andhewason theroadtoTopoinSouthIndia.He wasnowappointedVisitoroftheMaduraMission.Whatjoywashisto journeytoallthestationsencouragingthenewconvertsandstrengthening theolderChristiansintheFaith.God hadindeedbeensogoodtohim.The newsspreadfromvillagetovillage, "TheWhiteSannayasiisback,"and thousandsflockedtoseeandhearhim. ChristiansandHindusalike.Hisname washonouredthroughoutthelength andbreadthofMahara.Andthen camethecureandthebaptismof

FirstClass to AccommoCityBeach. dation.

HOTEL

'Phone:B3418. M.CRANLEY,Proprietor.

PrinceThadayathevar.A"DeoGratias"escapedhislips."Yes,myGod, yourwaysarewonderful.Blessthe Lord,0mysoul,andletallwithin meblessHisHolyName."Andthe guardssawtheWhiteSannayasifall onhisknees."Seehowtheforeign Sannayasiprays,"saidone,"Yes,he praystoescapethesword,"butwe shallseewhetherhisGodwillsave him,"repliedhiscompanion.TheMartyrofChristheardnothing.

TheWhiteSannayasiwasagain broughtbeforeRagunathathevar.Diabolicalspellshadbeencastonhim,but allinvain.ThepriestofMinakshi, thefish-eyedgoddessofMadura,were madealaughingstockwiththeirrites andincantations.Theyblamedthe Sannayasi'sbreviary.TheRajahad ittiedroundFatherdeBritto'sneck, andorderedittobeshotat.The WhiteSannayasisaidnoword;hefelt surethatGodwouldnotlethimdown. HehadtoldFatherDeBouchetmore thanonce,"Ipreservemyheadfor theRajaofMarava.Ihavereturned toIndiatosurrenderittohim."It wasnotagun,butaswordthatGod

HOTEL PERTH.

JACKEDDINGTON, Proprietor.

EXCELLENT ACCOMMODATION.

STAN.O'BRIEN, COURTHOTEL PERTH.

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HOTELBEACONSFIELD, FREMANTLE. OverlookingtheOcean. SuperiorAccommodation. ModerateCharges. M.BYRNE LateofGrandandShamrock Hotels,Boulder).

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FIRST-CLASS ACCOMMODATION. 'Phone:W1028. A.J.McHENRY,Proprietor.

VICTORIAHOTEL, HAYSTREET,SUBIACO. RenovatedThroughout. EssenceofComfort. W.F.ARTIS,Proprietor. (LateofBalmoralHotel,Vic.Park)

COUNTRY.

DUKEOFYORKHOTEL, NARROGIN. ReconditionedandRefurnished. NewLounge,DiningRooms, andCommercialRooms. ARTHURBOYLAN,Proprietor. (LateGeorgeHotel,Perth).

FREEMASONSHOTEL, TOODYAY. ExcellentCuisine. AmaticeRefrigeratorInstalled. OldandNewFriendsare CordiallyWelcomed. MRS.E.WING,Proprietress.

hadchosenforhim.Thesoldiershad theirgunsontheirshoulders,when PrinceThadayathevarrushedintotheir midstshouting:"Shootmefirst,Itoo willdiewithmyguru."Thefour gunsweredropped.Oncemorethe WhiteSannayasiwasbanishedfrom thekingdomofMarava.

Thedayfollowing,January29,the WhiteSannayasiwasescortedtoOriyur,abigvillagetwodays'march northofRamnad.PrinceThadayathevarandsomeoftheChristiansknew thetyrant,andtheyguessedthatthe banishmentwasjustacamouflagefor death.Theypleadedwiththeir gurutoallowthemtoaccompanyhim toOriyur.FatherJohnhadonlyone request:"Getmyfellowprisonersat Ramnadreleased,Asformedonot worryanymore.Itistheend.God blessyouall."TheChristianprisonerswerereleased.Morethanonce hadthePrinceplannedanescape,but FatherJohnwouldnothearofit."Why doyouwanttodeprivemeofthehappinessofmyFaith?"washisonly answertoalltheirattempts.

'ContinuedonBackCover.)

GOLDFIELDS

RodBeaton's HANNAN'SHOTEL, HANNANSTREET, KALGOORLIE.

STAR&GARTERHOTEL,

Cnr.HANNAN&NETHERCOTTSTS.,KALGOORLIE.

BERTSTARR Proprietor.

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AUSTRALIAHOTEL, KALGOORLIE.

C.T.A.andR.A.C.HOUSE. OneMinutefromSt.Mary's Church.

HotandColdWaterinHotel Bathrooms.

RefrigerationThroughout.

OnlyLock-UpGaragesinthe CentreofTown.

M.J.DILLON,licensee.

KEOUGH'SforCATERING

AnyNumber,Place,orTime.

ThreeReception

Ifnecessarywe maketoorder.

"Igetwonderfulrecipesoverthe radio,"gushedthebridewhowasentertainingherfamilyforthefirsttime. "ThismorningIgotoneforEgyptian stewandoneforanever-failstainremover."

"Whichisthis?"askedlittleWillie, tastingthestewwithwhichhehad justbeenserved.

Acommercialtravellerenteredthe shopofagrocernamedMarchand said:"March,onthe1st.ofAprilthe priceofteaisgoingup."

"I'msorrytohearthat,"replied March.

Afewdayslaterawholesolesalesman cameinandsaid:"March,onthe1st. ofAprilthepriceofsugarisgoingup."

"I'msorrytohearthat,"saidMarch. Lateronthelandlordcameinand said:"March,onthe1st.ofAprilI mustputtherentup."

"I'msorrytohearthat,"saidMarch.

Thenheputupthissigninhiswincloy:"ThefirstofAprilwillbetheend ofMarch."

* *

"Ihearyournewlodgerisavery impetuousfellow.Doeseverything intheheatofthemoment."

"Yes,it'shisjob.He'sablacksmith."

* * *

YoungBride:"Dear,whatwillIget ifIalwayscookyouameallikethis one?"

Hubby:"Mylifeinsurance."

* * *

Saidthewaitertoanoisycardparty inanhotelbedroom:"Ivebeensent toaskyoutomakelessnoise,gentlemen.Thegentlemaninthenextroom sayshecan'tread."

"Tellhim,"wasthereplyofthehost, "thatheoughttobeashamedofhimself,Why,IcouldreadwhenIwas fiveyearsold."

* * *

Theverynewvillagepolicemanhavingtakenamanintocustodyforrowdyism,theywerepassingdownalane onthewaytothestation.Suddenly thewindblewtheprisoner'shatover thehedgeintoafield,and,seeinga chanceofescape,themansaid: "Look,constable,myhat'sblown off.Willyouletmegoandfetchit?"

Thepolicemanreplied:"Notlikely. IfIdid'twouldbethelastI'dseeof you.WaitthereandI'llfetchitmyself."

*

* LadyoftheHouse:"It's*awonder youdon'tusesoapandwateroncein awhile."

Tramp:"Ihavethoughtofit,Mum, butthere'ssomanykindsofsoap, an'it'ssohardtotellwhichis,and whichisnot,injurioustotheskin,that Idon'tliketotakeanyrisks"

* *

Maid:"Youknowthattherevase youtoldmetobecarefulwith'cause itwasgenuineWedgewood?"

"Well?"

"It'sbroke-an'itisn'twoodatallit'sjustpot." *

"Willie,youmustnotshootFritzin thestomach."

"ButweareplayingWilliamTell, andhehaseatentheapple."

*

ChildExpert:"Ifthechildwantsa petyoushouldgethimone.Thenhe'll stopcrying."

TiredMother:"Well,yousee,welive inaflat,andTommywantsanelephant."

* * *

"I'vegotaprettydistastefuljobbeforeme,"remarkedthegenealogist. "Mrs.Newrichemployedmetolook upherfamily-tree,andI'vegottoinformherthatoneofherrelativeswas electrocuted."

'Whyworryaboutthat?"saidhis friend.'Justwritethatthemanin question'occupiedthechairofapplied electricityatoneofourpublicinstitutions.'" * *

"There,"exclaimedthedruggist,"I havemadeamistakeandgivenaman morphineinsteadofquinine."

'That'sawful!"

"Ishouldsayso,"saidthedruggist, "morphineisworthtwiceasmuchas quinine."

Lady(withbasketofgrocery,holdingupsteamroller):'Driver,Idon't supposeyou'veseenhalf-a-poundof margarineintheroad,haveyou?I thinkImusthavedroppedit."

Driver(scratchinghishead):"Now Icometothinkofit,Ididfeela bumpalittlewayback."

"Congratulations,oldchap!Iheard youmarriedaladywithanindepend- entfortune!"

Ithought,butIfindthatI'm marriedtoafortunewithanindependentlady."

* Afatherwastalkingseverelytohis son,whoshowedastrongdisinclination towork.

"Andletmetellyouthis,myboy," heconcluded:"Hardworkneveryet killedanyman."

"Exactly,Dad,"repliedtheyoung man."That'sjustthetrouble,You see,I'mratherkeenonaspiceof danger."

*

*

"Lomme,"saidthenewconvictashe learnedtherulesandregulationsof theprison,"thereseemstobealotI mustn'tdo.AmIallowedtolook outofthewindow?"

"No,"repliedthewarder,"that's barred."

*

* "Whatwouldyourwifesayifyou boughtanewcar?"

"Lookoutforthattraffic-light!Be carefulnow!Don'thitthattruck! Whydon'tyouwatchwhereyou'regoing?Willyouneverlearn?"Anda lotmorelikethat,"* * *

"Soyourwifetakesinwashing?"the MontgomeryCountyjudgeaskeda manwhowasupforvagrancy."What doyoudo?"

"Well,Judge,"explainedtheaccused,"Itakesinthewashin',theold womandoesthewashin',Itakesthe washin'back,theoldwomancollects themoneyandItalksheroutofmost ofit."

* * Asmallboywasbeingshownthe [lousesofParliamentbyhisuncle, whowasaMember.Theboyaskeda numberofquestionsandelicitedthe factthatmemberswerepaidtheirsalariesinadvance.

"Isee,"heremarked,intelligently. "It'slikeputtingashillinginthe meterbeforeyougetanygas."

* * * Asalesmanwaseloquentaboutthe meritsofavacuumcleaner,buttheold Yorkshirewomandidnotseemimpressed.Shetoldhimtotalklessand showherwhatthethingcoulddo. Hetookoffhiscoat,fittedupthe cleaner,thrusthisarmupthechimneyandbroughtdownseveralhandfulsofsoot,whichhescateredoverthe drawing-roomcarpet.Thenheshovelledsomeashfromthegrateand sprinkledthecarpetwithit,addinga shovelfulofsoilfromthegarden.Then hesmiledandrubbedhishands,

"NowI'llshowyouwhatthisvacuum cleanercando.You'llbesurprised, mum.Where'stheelectricswitch?"

"Switch?"echoedtheYorkshire woman."Switch?Wehavenothing butgas."

* * *

Sandyhadthemisfortunetofind lodgingswherethelandladywasnever atanytimetoolavishwiththefood. Onedaywhensheplacedaparticularly smallmorselinfrontofhimhethought ittimetoobject.

"Haven'tyoumadeamistake?"he asked.

"Why?"askedthelandlady.

"Well,myname'sSandy,notGasdhi,"camethereply.

* *

"Howdoyoulikeyournewflat?" Mrs.Greyaskedherfriend.

"Ilikeitquitealot,"repliedthe otherdoubtfully,"butthere'sjustone drawback.Theneighbourscanhear everythingwesay."

"Butthat'seasilyrectified,"putin herfriend."Whynotputupsome veryheavywallpaper?"

Thetroubledoneshookherhead.

"No,thatwouldn'tdo,"shereplied, "becausethenwecouldn'thearwhat theysay."

-

THE Bushies'Corner

DearCornerites,-Duringthecoming weekwecelebratetheFeastoftheDedicationofSt.MichaeltheArchangel. Andespeciallyduringwar,St.Michael assumesanaddedimportance.For hewasthewarrior-angelwhoresisted LuciferwhenherebelledagainstGod. Michaelandhishostsovercametherebelliousangelsandcastthemoutof heaven.HenceChristiantradition givesSt.Michaelfouroffices:Tofight againstSatan;torescuethesoulsof thefaithfulfromthedevil,especially atthehourofdeath;tohethechampionofGod'speople(thereforehewas thepatronoftheChurchandofthe orderofKnightsduringtheMiddle Ages)andtocallawayfromearth

thosewickedspiritswhowander throughtheworldfortheruinof souls."

AUNTBESSY.

* * * *

DearAnonymous,-Yes,wedidreceiveyourmostgenerousoffering,and Imustapologisefornotanswering yourlettersooner,butIhavebeen quitebusylately,sohopeIamforgivenformydelay.

AUNTBESSY.

.k

DearAuntIlessy,-Encosedplease findweedonation,inthanksgivingto SaintRitaforfavourreceived.WishingtheBusbiesthevest'bestofluck.

CLIENTOFST.RITA.

2L

holy

.4rchangel .Michael, DefendUsin theBattle

andbringtojudgmentthesoulsof men. HenceSt.Michaeloccupiesabig partinthelifeoftheChurchandhe isinvokedinaspecialprayeratthe endofMass,Itisaprayerweshould recitewithgreatfervouratthisstage ofthewarwhentheHolyFatherand theChurchareinperil:

"Anddothou,0PrinceoftheHeavenlyHost,bythepowerofGod,trust downtohellSatan,andwithrimall

LemonadeBottle

ACKNOWLEDGEDWITHTHANKS.

s.d.

10

Mrs.L.Ryan,Kalgoorlie

ClientofSt.Rita

JoeSutherland

Kath.

OldBushie

DorothyNaisbitt

BushGrandma

Parishioner,Queen'sPark

AFriend

DearClientofSt.Rita,-TheLemonadeBottle,too,wasthankfultoreceivethehalf-crown.Verymany thanks.

AUNTBESSY.

Sandstone.

DearAuntBessy,-Ihopeyouand theBushiesarewell.Willyou pleasesendmeaprickcard?Mybest friendishopingtowritetoyourCornersoon;sheisaverynicegirl,andis oneyearolderthanme.Sheisnine yearsold,HernameisPat.Atkinson.Shehastwolovelylittlesisters andalittlebabybrother,andhisname isFrank.Iwillclosenow.

MARIEMORRIS.

DearMarie,-Weareallwaitingon

26thatpromisedletterfromyourgirl 26friend,sodon'tforgettokeepherup

26toit.Tellherthatallshehasto

40doistowritetotheCorner,andas

50soonasshehasdonethatsheshallbe

50afullyfledgedmemberofourhappy

100littlefamily.Ihavesentyouthe

100prickcardandhopeyouwillgetit

100 AUNTBESSY.

92NorthBeachRoad, Mt.Hawthorn,

DearAuntBessy,-Thisismyfirst lettertoyou.IgototheChristian Brothers',Leederville,andIamin4th. standard.Ihavetwosistersandthree brothers.Iwouldlikeyoutosend meaprickcardandIwilldomybest tofillit.

FRANKRYAN.

DearFrank,-Maythisbethefirst linkinalongchainofcorrespondence. Whataluckylittleboyyouaretobe oneofsuchabigfamily;youwill neverbealonelyboy,Frank.Ihave sentyoutheprickcard,andhopeitarrivessafely. AUNTBESSY* * * *

DearAuntBessy,-Pleasefindenclosedapostalnateforfiveshillingsfor theBushies'Corner,inhonourofOur Lady'sBirthday.Pleaseaskthe Busbiestoprayformyintention. "OLDBUSHIE."

Dear"OldBushie,"-YourverypracticalwayofhonouringOurLady's BirthdayhasratherimprovedthefinancialstatusoftheCorner.Things arenotlookingsoveryblackatthe present,butweareverypleasedallthe same. AUNTBESSY.

* *

Highgate.

DearAuntBessy,-Enclosedis4s,2s. toSt.Anthony,forspecialintention forMichael,and2s.inhonourofOur Ladyformydyingfather. A.O'R.

DearA.O'R.,-Itisaverypractical wayinwhichyouaskforfavours.I amquitecertainthatSt.Anthony willsecureanythingforMichael,andI neverhavehadanydoubtaboutthe wayinwhichOurBlessedLadyrepays suchgenerosity. AUNTBESSY,

* * * *

86Kalgoorlie-street, Mt.Hawthorn.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamsendinga postalnotefor2/6andtheprickcard. Willyoupleasesendmeanothercard soon,becauseextramoneyhasbeen giventome.Icameadraw'forfirst intheclassinthesecondtermexam OnSeptember30wearehavingour sportsatLeedervilleOval.

TOESUTHERLAND.

DearJoe,-TheInfantJesusmustbe verypleasedwithyouforbeingso regularwithyoursmallhutverygenerousgifts.Mayyoualwaysbeso

generoustoyourlittleneedyfriends, andbydoingsoyouwillwinthefavoursoftheInfantJesuswhereveryou go.Weareallverygladyoudidso wellinyourexams,,buthowcouldyou failwithsuchagoodlittleheart.The prickcardhasbeensenttoyou,Joe.

AUNTBESSY.

* * * * Cranbrook.

DearAuntBessy,-Iamenclosinga donationfortheLemonadeBottle. Willyoupleasesayaprayerformy intention,asIaminaspotoftrouble?

Thankingyou.

BUSHIEGRANDMA.

DearBushieGrandma,-ThereislittleneedformetotellyouhowwelcomeyourdonationtotheLemonade Bottlewas,andhowthankfulweare. Youcandependonourprayersfor yourspecialintentionandIhopeyour favourwillbegranted.

AUNTBESSY, * *

DearAuntBessy,-Inhonourofthe SacredHeart,OurBlessedLady,and St.Joseph.Pleasesayasmallprayer formyintention.

PARISHIONEROFQUEEN'SPARK

DearParishionerofQueen'sPark,Ifyourspecialintentioncannotbe obtainedthroughtheintercessionof theSacredHeart,OurBlessedLady, andSt.Joseph,thenIdoubtifitcan beobtainedatall.Wewillsaya prayerforyourintention,andweall thankyouvery,verymuchforyour constantgenerosity.

AUNTBESSY.

Dunelm,TarinRock.

DearAuntBessy,-Aswearehaving ourschoolholidays,IthoughtIwould writetoyou,Wearehavingsome nicefineweathernow,andIamsoglad asthewinterwasverycold.Iam enclosingfiveshillingsfortheLemonadeBottle.Ihopeyouarewell.With lovefromusall.

DOROTHYNATSBITT.

DearDorothy,-Whatalovely thoughtitwastowritewhenyouare onholidays.Mostchildrenwouldprefertospendalltheirtimeplaying,but thenitisnotalllittlegirlswhoare selfish,isitDorothy? Ihopethe weatherwillbefineallthetimeyou areonholidays.Manythanksfor thedonationfortheLemonadeBottle; itisverywelcome.

AUNTBESSY.

TheColonialMutualFireInsurance COMPANYLIMITED.

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TheWhite

GoldfieldsSection

tellyou"theseare

thegiftoftheWhiteSannayasiinreturnforabowlofmilkgivenhim yearsagobyawomanofourvillage," Udayarthevar,thebrotherofRaja Ragunathathevar,wasGovernorat Oriyur.LikeHerodofold,butforfar differentreasons,hewasgladtocome incontactwiththeWhiteSannayasi. Hehadheardofthemanywonders thattheGodoftheChristianshad workedthroughthisSannayasi.The Governorwaslameandblindandcovedwithleprosy.Hepromisedthe Sannayasilifeandfreedomifhewould mycurehim."Yourpromisewill notinducemetocureyou.Godalone andothat.CallonHim,Hispower isinfinite."TheGovernorflewinto arage.TheWhiteSannayasiwent backtoprisonforthreedaysmore. ThistimeFatherJohnowedthisreprievetotheGovernor'swife.She prayedherhusbandnottolayhands onaninnocentSannayasi,thegods wouldtaketheirrevenge.TheGovernorhesitated,Buthiswickedangel intheguiseofhischiefministerputan endtohisdoubts.

Itwasmorning,February4,1693. TheWhiteSannayasi,dressedinhis best,hishandsboundinfrontof him,wasledalongtheriverPanbaru toalowsandymound.Heaskedfor timetopray,andtheHindussawthe ChristianSannayasidropdownonhis knees,crosshishandsonhisbreast andraisehiseyestoheaven.Afew MaravaChristiansfringedthecrowd. Theirclaspedhandsheldtheirrosaries.Theyprayedwith"Arulanandan swami"-"TheJoyofgrace"-forsuch wasthenamebywhichFatherJohn wasknowntohisChristians, Withupraisedscimitar,oneofthe executionersmovesovertothekneelingSannayasi.Hecannotbringhis bladedown. Ashudderingcreeps overhim.Acommandringsoutfrom thepalacewalls:"Whyallthisdelay? Dowhatyouhavebeentoldtodo."It wastheGovernor'sson.FatherJohn rises,hisrighthandmovestohisforehead.Hehasmadethesignofthe Crossforthelasttime.Hegoesup tothetwoexecutioners.Theyare paralysedwithfear.TheWhiteSannapasihasembracedone;nowhehas hisarmsroundtheother.Thecrowd gazeswithgreatbigwondrouseyes "Now,mybrothers,Iamready.Do whatyouhavebeenorderedtodo," Thesilenceisbrokenandmenwhisper tooneanother.Oneoftheexecutionersgrabsatthelongyellowrobe. TheSannayasifallsdown.Theother tearsofftheremaininggarments.At thesightofthereliquaryroundthe Sannayasi'snecktheyfallbackin fear.Theydarenot'touchit."It wasinthispacket,perhaps,thatthe Sannayasikeepshisspells."Oneof them,moredrunkthanhiscompanion, cutsthecordofthereliquary.Indrops totheground.Thebloodtrickles down.Thescimitarhasmadeanugly woundintheneck.Theystillfeara spellagainstwhichtheirbladesmay proveuseless,sooneofthemrunsfor ahatchet.Theynowtiehisbeard andwindthecordroundhisbodyso thathisheadwouldremainattached tohisbody.

TheWhiteSannayasiwasonhis kneesagain. Aredlinemarksthe flowofbloodfromthecutonhisneck. Hekneelsinapatchofsandcrimsoned withhisblood;hiseyesraisedtoheaven.TwooftheMaravaChristians couldstanditnomore.Theybroke throughthecrowdandkneltdownbesidetheirGuru."We,too,willdie

withyou,Swami."Theywerekicked aside.PerumalKudumbanreaches forhisscimitar.Thebladecurves downontheupturnedneck.Thehead didnotfall.Oncemorethebroad badeClashedinthesun.Nowthey havebegantocutoffthehandsand feet.Anduponthelittlemoundof sandwheretheWhiteSannayasihad prayed,theyhaveraisedahighstake whichcarriesthemartyr'sheadand torso.Hehaspledgedhislovein bloodonthesandsofthePambaru.

"1hetwoChristiansweretakentothe palace.Theyleftitwiththeirears andnosescutoff.Oneofthemcame backtothelittlemoundofsand,devoutlygatheredtogetherthehandsand feetofhisGuruandtiedthemtothe stake.Hehadjustfinishedhiswork ofcharitywhenupmarchedthesoldiersandmountedguardovertheremains.Aflameflickeredoverthe stake.Thechiefministerorderedthe staketoberemovedandtheremains t''hethrownonthesand.Itwasnow remarkedthatasweetfragrancehung aroundtheremains.Aheavyshower ofraindrovethesoldiersaway;and thejackalsanddogswerenowfreeto approachthespot.Allthatrentined totheChristianswereafewbonand theskull.ThesealongwiththescimitarofPerumalKudumbanweretaken toGoaandtheywerekeptintheCollegeChapelofSt.Paul's,Thescimitar wasfinallytakentoLisbonbyFather DaCosta,theProcuratoroftheMaduraMission.Hepresenteditto DonPedro,buttheKingreturnedit, remarking:"Toyou,thebrethrenof themartyr,itisbetterentrusted;for itwillbebetterreveredandwillinstill freshzealandApostolic,nthusiasin amongtheyoungermembersofthe Order."

Andto-daytheredplainsofMarava aredottedwithchurchesandchapels, butnoneperhapsashallowedandfamousastheChurchofOurLadyat Oriyur.In1734Kattathevar,the RajaofMarava,orderedachurchto beraisedoverthestretchofsand wheretheWhiteSannayasiwasmartyred.Tiruvaluvathevar,abrother-inlawofRajaVizayarRagunatha,workedonthischurch,carryingbricksand mixingthemortar,intokenofgratitudeforthemanygraces,including thatoftheFaith,whichheowedto theintercessionoftheWhiteSannayasi.Inoneofhislastletters,smuggledoutofhisprisonatOriyur,the Sannayasihadpennedthesewords: "ThecrimeofwhichIamaccusedis noneotherthanthatIpreachthetrue religionofGod,andasaresultthe idolsarenolongerworshipped.What anhonourtosufferforsuchacrime. Itfillsmewithjoyandconsolationin theLord."InMaravato-daythe Christiansnumberover60,000-the bloodofthemartyrsistheseedofthe Church.TheWhiteSannayasi'sdeath hasnotbeeninvain.

GOODNEWS:NewshipmentofGas andWoodStoves,GasFiresandPaints. W.A.StoveCo.,WellingtonSt.Tel: B6307.

PATERSON'SSUPPLYSTORES 123CLAREMONTCRESCENT, SWANBOURNE.'Phone:F2571 GROCERANDGREENGROCER. DeliveriesfromNedlandsto MosmanPark.