The Record Newspaper 16 April 1942

"Taste Tells"

WideGapBetween BeliefandConduct

OheRealPresenceaSourceofStrength, CourageandConfidence

"InHisWillisOurPeace"

Dr.McMahonExhortsMembers ofNewmanSociety

UniversitySundaywasobservedinSt.Mary's,CathedralonSunday lastatthe8o'clockMass,whenthemembersoftheNewmanSocietygatheredfortheirannualGeneralCommunion.Graduatesand undergraduatesinacademicrobes,ledbytheLordMayor(Dr.T. W.Meagher)andexecutiveofficersoftheSociety,marchedinprocessionwithHisGracetheArchbishopfromthePalacetotheCathedral. TheMasswascelebratedbyHisGrace,assistedbyRev.FatherJ. Rafferty.VeryRev.Dr.J.T.McMahon,founderoftheNewman Society,andDiocesanDirectorofEducation,preachedthefollowing occasionalsermon.

TheJewsdoubtedHisword.RefusingtobelieveinHim,evenafter yesterday'sproofthatHewasfrom God,theyarguedthatnomancould givehisfleshtobeeatenascannibals do.ButHehadtoldthemthatHe wouldascendtoHisFatherinHeaven,andthatthisBodywhichthey nowsawwiththeireyes,andcould touchwiththeirhands,wouldnomore walkthisearth.TheFleshandBlood Henowpromisestogivethemwill comeinasupernaturalwaywhich theycouldnotunderstand.Christ pleadedwiththemtohavefaithin Him,totrustHim.Foritisthe spiritoffaithwhichenablesoneto believe,notcarnaljudgements.

VERYREV.J.T.McMAH'ON, M.A.,Ph.D.,H.Dip-Ed.

Preachingfromthetext:"Because thouhastseenMe,Thomas,thouhast believed:blessedaretheythathave notseenandhavebelieved,"fromthe Gospeloftheday,Dr.McMahonsaid: Thesceneinthesupperroomin JerusalemdepictedforusintheGospel forLowSunday,makesusimpatient withThomasdoubtingthetestimony ofhisfellow-apostles.Andwethink himchildishwhenheboaststhathe willnotbesoeasilyimposeduponas theothers."ExceptIshallseeinHis handstheprintofthenails,andput myfingerintotheplaceofthenails, andputmyhandintoHisside,Iwill notbelieve."Inthesameroom, aftereightdays,allareagainassembled,thedoorsshut,andJesuscame andstoodinthemidstofthem.Then HesaidtoThomas:"Putinthyfinger hitherandseeMyhands:andbring hitherthyhandandputitintoMy side,andbenotfaithlessbutbelieving."Onelookatthatbelovedface

wassufficientforThomas,whofell uponhiskneessaying:"MyLordand myGod."Christwasdelightedwith theobvioussincerityofThomas'professionoffaithinHispresenceinthe room-Yet,Headded:"Becausethou hastseenMe,Thomas,thouhastbelieved:blessedaretheythathavenot seenandhavebelieved." ThePromiseoftheBlessedEucharist.

Tounderstandtheapplicationof thesewordstous,wemustgoback tothatwonderfulchapterVI.ofSt. John'sGospel,achapterwhichIhope youUniversitypeoplereadfrequently. Wewatchthecrowdsonthelakesideimpatientlyawaitingtheboatsto ferrythemacrossthewatersofGalilee, whenthewordwentroundthatJesus ofNazarethwasseenatCapharnaum. AlltheyesterdaytheysatatHisfeet drinkinginthewordsthatfellfrom Hislipsandsankintotheirhearts. AndhowtheywonderedatHisfeeding thosethousandsbymultiplyingthe loavesandfishes.To-daytheyare readytoneglecttheirhomes,their fieldsandtheirfishingnets-all,even

TheshopforBetterValue.Our PriceslowestinPerth.Anygoods senttocountrynotsatisfactorywepay

theirpleasures,areforgotteninthe desiretoseeHimagain,tohearHis voice,and,perhaps,towitnessanother wonder.Atlasttheboatshavelandedthefinalloadandthemighty crowdgathersaroundHimandHebeginstospeaktothem.Theylisten attentivelytothereferencestothe mannaofMoses,andthemultiplicationoftheloavesandfishesofyesterday,butthereverentialsilenceisbrokenassmallripplesofresentmentruffle thatseaoffaces,andasHecontinues torepeatHispromisetogivethem HisfleshtoeatandHisbloodto drink,theripplesgrowintoangry waveswhichbreakthecrowdinto protestinggroups: "HowcanthismangiveusHisflesh toeat?"Christ'sreplytothischallengeistore-emphasiseHisdoctrine bydroppingthenoteofentreatyand eagerinvitation,anddemandingtheir acceptanceofthissolemnrepetition: "Amen,amen.Isayuntoyou:ExceptyoueatthefirilkoftheSonof Man,anddrinkHisblood,youshall nothavelifeinyou."

Butno,likeThomas,theydemanded toseebeforetheybelieved."This sayingishard,andwhocanhearit?" Greatsegmentsofthecrowdbroke awaytowalknomorewithHim. Theythrewawaythecompanionship andfriendshipofChristbecausethey doubtedHisword.

TheFulfillmentofthePromise.

Butletusreturntothesupperroom, wheretheApostlesareassembledfor theLastSupper.TheceremonialsupperoftheJewishPaschisfinished,a silencefillstheroom,theApostlesare awedatwhatisabouttohappen.And Jesus.takingbread,blessedandbroke it,andgavetothem,saying:"Thisis MyBody,whichisgivenforyou-" Backflewtheirthoughtstothatday bytheSeaofGalilee,andtheyhear againtheangryprotestsandchallenge oftheJews:"Howcanthismangive usHisfleshtoeat?"

Hereistheanswer.Theykneelon thefloorasHecomestowardsthem, theireyesareonHimandtheirears hearthesoftpaddingofHisbarefeet ontheboards:theytouchHisgarmentsasHemovesaroundthem,feedingthemwithHisownBodyoutof Thisownhands.WhatHegivesthem hasthefamiliarshapeandcolourof thebreaduponthesuppertable:it

(ContinuedonBackCover.)

215WilliamSt., Perth

Ourmottois:"Wehaveit;wewill getit,oritcannotbehad."

SecularEducationandaPaganAustralia

ProblemofaNationof DividedBeliefs

"Student,"University:

Q.:Youhaverepeatedlysaidthat secularismisthegreatdangerof Australiafromwithin.

R.:ItisthegreatdangerofallsocalledChristiandemocracies,including Australia.Thedemocracieshavelargelybecomepagancountries.Idonot meanthattheyareadoptingreligious paganism,substitutingapaganreligion fortheChristianreligion.Norare theypositivelyanti-Christian.They aresimplythrowingChristianityaway, andignoringreligionaltogether. So Australia,justastheotherdemocracies, israpidlybecomingagodlesscountry, eventhoughitdoesnotproclaimopen warfareagainstGod.

TWOVERDICTS.

Q.:Ipresumeyouattributethatto oursystemofseculareducation.

R.:Seculareducationhasundoubtedlybeenamajorfactorinproducing religionlessAustralians.Letmequote foryoutwoveryprominentmen,one inEngland,andtheotherinAmerica, bothofthemnon-Catholics.Ina broadcastaddresslastyearfromthe B.B.C.,ArchbishopTemple,newlyappointedtoCanterbury,said:"ModernEnglishcultureregardsfaithin Godasadispensableindulgence.This reachesitsclimaxinoureducational system.Wehavesupposedthatitis possibletoprovideeducationwhichis religiouslyneutral,towhichreligion canthenbeaddedingreaterorless measure.But,infact,aneducation whichisnotreligiousisatheistic:there isnomiddleway.Ifyougiveto childrenanaccountoftheworldfrom whichGodisleftout,youareteaching themtounderstandtheworldwithout referencetoGod."AccordingtoArchbishopTemple,therefore,thefruitof seculareducationisagenerationof godlessatheists.

LetusturnnowtoWalterLippman, thenotedAmericanauthor.LastDecember,inapublicaddressatPhiladelphia,hespokeasfollows:"Modern man,asturnedoutbyoursecular

schools,andasheisshapedbytheprevailingpopularculture,isa'being wholivesnotaccordingtoreason,but onlytogetmoreandmoresatisfaction. Thesecularman,whoobeyshisimpulses,knowsnoreasonthattranscendshiswishes,andhasashischief articleoffaithanidealofsecularprogress,isnowdominantintheworld. Mencannotremaincivilised,whenthey haverejectedthecultureoftheircivilisation;whentheynolongerdiscipline themselvesandtheirchildreninthe traditionwhichcomestothemfrom theProphets,andtheSaints,andthe Teachers,andthePhilosophers,and theDiscoverers,whoraisedWestern manoutof'barbarism."Thefruitsof seculareducationwhichArchbishop TemplehasperceivedinEngland,and WalterLippmaninAmerica,areclearlyevident,toallwhohaveeyestosee, inAustralia.

GREATPROBLEM.

Q.:Whatdoyouexpectourschools, andourteachers'colleges,andour universitiestodoinacountrywhere notallthecitizensacceptthesame religion.Oureducationalsystem couldstandforadefinitefaithonly ifthewholenationstoodforadefinitefaith.

R.:Iadmittheforceofthatdifficulty,andIadmitthattheonlysatisfactorysolutionofitistheconversion ofAustraliatooneandthesamedefinitefaith.Andthat,ofcourse,isin thelandofdreams.Butatleastour universitiesandschoolscancease teachingpositivelyirreligiousideas. TheycanteachthegeneralChristian outlookonlifeinthehistoricalsense. AndtheycaninculcateChristianstandardsofmoralityandconduct.Insteadofdoingthis,theyareunderminingthesethings,andgivngonlyasecularoutlookwhichmakesthisworld seemtheonlyreality,andwhichleaves theirstudentswithoutGodinthis world,andwithouteitherhopeorresponsibilityinreferencetoanyhigher destinythanthematerialthings aroundthem.

TheCurseofSecularism

"Teacher,"Maryborough:

Q.Whatexactlydoyoumeanbysecularism?

R.:Thedictionarydefinitionisnear enough.Secularismisthebeliefthat religiousbeliefandworshipshouldbe discarded,andthatpeopleshould givetheirattentionexclusivelytothe thingsofthisworld.

Q.:Whydoyouregarditassoevil,

R.:Becauseitisthedeadlyenemy ofChristandofman'struewelfare. Secularismisahydra-headedmonster which'bidsmenliveasifChristhad notsomuchassetfootinthisworld. ItdeclaresthatthereisnoneedtobelieveinGod;itignoresthefactofsin; doesnotbelieveinanydivineredemption:rendersthesacrificeofChriston Calvarymeaningless;persuadespeople toabandonprayer;destroystheidea ofanyeternaldestiny,andoffersinsteadatemporalUtopiainthisworld whichmanistoattainbyhisownefforts,andbeyondwhichhehasnothingtoexpect.Allthisisthedirect negationoftheChristianrelligion. * * *

FAREWELLTOCHRIST.

Q.:Surely,ifChristianitybetrue,it canstanduptoft. R.:Christianityiscertainlytrue. Butitcannotstanduptosecularism ifmoreandmoreprofessingChristians goovertotheenemy.Howcan Christianitysurvive,ifChristiansdrop

it,ItistruethatChristhaspromised thatHisreligionwillsurvivetillthe endoftheworld.ButHehasnot promisedthatitwillsurviveinthis particularcountryorthat.AndAustraliaisrapidlybecomingsecularised orpaganised.Eventhoughthe Christiantraditionisstilltoleratedin ourmidst,andoccasionallyspokenof withrespect,itisignoredinpractice bythemajorityofAustralians.And thosewhoignoreordroptheirChristianreligioninpractice,afterwards denyingtheirverybeliefinit,donot abandonitbecausetheyhaveproved itfalse,butonlybecausetheyfoundit toouncomfortable.Theydon'twant areligionwhosefirstrequirementis, "Denyyourself,takeupyourcross, andfollowChrist."Itiseasierto dropChristianity,withitsobligations; but,howeverpleasantimmediateemancipationmaybe,theultimateconsequenceswillbedisastrousbothforindividualsandthenation.Andthe greatestserviceanyonecanrender Australiaistoassistitintherecovery ofChristianbeliefandpractice.

* * THELOSTINHERITANCE.

Q.:IfpeopleabandontheChristianreligion,itcanonlybebecausethey arenotconvincedthattheyarelosinganythingworthwhile. R.:Thatmaybeso.Butwhyare

theynotconvincedthatChristianity isworthwhile,Withthemajorityof present-dayAustralians,itisbecause theyknowlittleornothingabout Christianity.Previousgenerations, whohadbeentaughtit,didnotliveup toit,andwerenotinterestedinhaving childrentaughttheChristiantruthand idealswhichwouldbeonlythecondemnationoftheconductoftheirparents.YetrememberthatitwasChristianitywhichoncebroughtmanout ofpagandespairtoabeliefinhimself asachildofGod,andaninheritorof theKingdomofHeaven.Ittaught manhistruedignity,andgavehima belifinGod'sgrace,inanastounding storyofsalvation,inthedeathofthe

TheChurchDivine

KBrown,Eastwood:

Q.:WhydoyounotpreachtheGospel, insteadofpreachingtheChurch?

R.:Itisimpossibletopreachthe onewithouttheother.TheGospels insistonthefactthatChristestablishedHisChurch,andlaiduponus allthedutyofbelongingtoit.

Q.:TheChurchesarehumaninstitutions,subjecttothesameconditions asotherhumaninstitutions.They arecorruptedbypower,dominated byvestedinterests,andprofesswhat theydonotpractise.

R.:TheCatholicChurchiscertainly notamerelyhumaninstitution.It wasestablishedbyChrist,andhasbeen preservedbyHimthroughtheages whilstthelongsuccessionofearthly kingdomsandempireshavecomeand gone.Otherchurches,whichhave arisenatvariousperiodsinhistory subsequenttothefoundingoftheCatholicChurcharehumaninstitutions, andIcannotblameyourlackofconfidenceinthem.Butyoumustnot confusetheCatholicChurchwithlater substitutechurches.Ofcourse,even whilsttheCatholicChurchisnota humaninstitution,itisaninstitution consistingofhumanbeings:andnot allthehumanbeingswhoprofessthe CatholicFaithhavebeentruetothat Faith.Butyoumustblamethemfor

verySonofGodupontheCrossfor man'seternalwelfare.Menthen foundtheirchiefdutyingratefulpenitencebeforetheCross,andinworship oftheAuthorofthatgreatgift.And alltheydidhadasitsmotivearesponsetotheimmenseloveofGod.It wasthislovethatinspiredthemwith thetruespiritofhumanbrotherhood, ofjusticetothepooranddowntrodden,ofthedignityoflabour,andof thejoysofcharity.Butsecularism thinksthesethingsnotworthwhile.It offersusthisworlddivorcedfromGod, andmanagedbyitself.Butallit canactuallyshowforitspainsisthe ever-burningrubbishdumpwelook uponto-day.

that,andnottheCatholicChurchto whichtheybelong.

NECESSARYFORSALVATION.

Q.:WemustturntoChrist,andnot totheChurch,ifwedesiresalvation. R.:HowcanoneturntoChrist whilstrejectingtheChurchHedeclarestobenecessary?Itistothe Churchwemustturninordertolearn thefulltruthaboutChrist.Histeachingsaretobefoundinthedoctrinesof thecatholicChurch:forgivenessof sin,andthehelpofdivinegrace,art obtainedthroughhersacraments:and GodisworshippedasHeshouldbeov theSacrificeoftheMassgivenusas theveryheartofHisreligionbyJeses ChristthenightbeforeHedied.Th. CatholicChurchisthesocietyofthose whoareboundtogetherbytheirmem bershipinthebodyofChrist.Andit isintheChurchandbytheChurch thatmenmustseektheireternalsalvation. Youbelievethattheonly-begotten SonofGodtooktoHimselfahuman bodyinwhichHeenduredthehumiliationoftheCross.ButHealsotook toHimselfacorporatebodyconsisting ofhumanbeings,enduringthehumiliationoftheirhumanfaults.ThiscorporatebodyistheCatholicChurch,in whichallmustbeunitedwhoseek salvationatthefootoftheCross.

TheClass-lessSociety

"Futurist,"Goulburn:

Q.:Don'tyouthinkthatonegoodresultofthiswarwillbetheendof class-conflicts?

R.:Notunlesscivilisationreturnsto theChristianreligion.

Q.:Everydayweseeclass-distinctions disappearing.

R.:Theywillreappearafterthewar. Aclass-lesssocietyisimpossible.But class-conflictisnotnecessary,provided thedifferentclassesobservetheChristianprinciplesofjusticeandcharity towardsoneanother.Class-warcertainlywon'tbeeliminatedbyonegreat internationalwar.TheFrenchRevolution,onasmallerscale,triedto sweepawayallclassdistinctions.No associationsforpretendedcommonin-

ModeofBaptism

"Baptist,"Petersham:

Q.:WhydoCatholicspourwateron peopleandcallitBaptism,instead ofimmersingthemaccordingtothe meaningoftheword"baptise"in GreekandNewTestamentteaching?

R.:Theword"baptise-inGreekdoes notnecessarilymeantoimmerse.It canalsomeantowash,ortostain,or tosmear.IntheNewTestamentthe wordimpliesimmersioninsomecases, thusshowingthatimmersionisone validwayofbaptising.Butnowhere doestheNewTestamentdeclarethat itisofobligationtobaptisebyim-

terestswerepermitted.Therewasto beonlyonesociety-theState-and allindividualsweretoregardthemselvesasequalmembersofthatsociety. Theveryefforttoenforcethismeant Statetyranny;andtheFrenchRevolutioninEuropepavedthewayforthe tyrannyofFascismandCommunism. andthemutualslaughterofthe masses.HavinglosttheChristianreligion,nationsaswellasindividuals findthemselveswithoutfaithorhope, andarecrushedbeneaththedeadweightoffearanddespair.Longing forpeace,theyfeelimpelledtoarmfor conflict.Notaclass-lesssociety,but aChristiansociety,istheonlyhopefor thisworld.Onlythencanwehopeto inheritthepromiseofChrist,"Peace onearthtomenofgoodwill."

mersion,whileitdoesgivecaseswhich proveothermethodsvalidandlawful. WhenSt.Peterconverted3,000inJerusalembyhisfirstsermon,andall3,000 werebaptisedthatsameday,noavailablewatersupplywouldhavepermittedcompleteimmersion,apartfrom thetimerequired.Baptismbypouringwithwaterfromthewellsnear Jerusalemistheonlyfeasibleexplanation.WhenSt.Paulconvertedhis gaolerintheprison,aftertalkingtill midnight,andbaptisedhimthereand then,immersionwasoutofthequestion.AndtheearlyChristiansknew quitewellthatimmersionisnotneces-

sary.The"Didache,"oneoftheearliestChristianwritings,datingfromthe year90,givestheinstructionthat watershouldbe"pouredonthehead inthenameoftheFather,andofthe Son,andoftheHolyGhost."Commonsensetellsus,too,thatsickand dyingadultswhodesirebaptismcannotbetornoutoftheirsickbedsto beplungedintowater.YettheycannotbedeniedtheBaptismtheydesire. Itiscorrectlygivenbypouringalittlewateruponthemwiththeproper wordsandintention.

AREINFANTSELIGIBLE?

Q.:Youalsobaptiseinfants.Butis notadultunderstandingrequiredfor baptism?Christsaid:Hethatbelievethandisbaptisedwillbesaved.

R.:AftertellingtheApostlestopreach thegospel,Christsaidthatthosewho believedthedoctrinespreached,and receivedbaptism,wouldfulfiltwoof theconditionsnecessaryforsalvation. SincetheApostlesweretopreachto adultswhocouldbelievewhatthey heard,itwasnecessarythatthey shouldbelieve.Butthefactthatadult understandingisrequiredinadultconvertsdoesnotforbidthebaptismof infants.Christsaid,"Unlessoneis bornagainofwaterandtheHoly Ghost,hecannotentertheKingdom

TheUseofPrayer

J.L.Brown,Waverley:

Q.:Isprayeralwaysanswered?

R.Everysincereprayerisalways ar.swered,butnotalwaysintheway wewish.Forifweaskthingsfor eurselves,itmayeasilybethatwedo notknowwhatisreallyforourultimategood.Ifathirstychildwereto askforadrinkfromaglasswhichthe motherknewtocontainpoison,though thechilddidnot,themotherwould reallyhearthechild'sprayerbyrefusingit.Forthechildreallywanted toslakeitsthirst,nottokillitself. Inthesameway,GodinHismercy mayrefusetograntourprayersinthe waywewish,foreseeingaswedonot whattheresultwouldbe.ButHe willgranttheprayerforwhatwe

ofGod."Everybirthmeansalife, andbyinsistingonasecondbirth Christtellsusthatourfirstbirthwas notenough.Inadditiontothelife wereceivefromourearthlyparents, weneedalifederivedfromGod throughChrist,andbymeansofthe HolySpirit,ifwearetobeenabled toliveaccordingtotheconditionsof heaven.Andthereisnoreason whateverwhyinfantsshouldbedenied thatsupernaturallifeofgracegiven bybaptism.St.Paultellsusthat baptismtakestheplaceoftheJewish riteofcircumcision.Ifinfantscould beinitiatedintothechosenpetpleof GodintheOldLaw,youcanbequite suretheywerenotexcludedfrombaptisminthemoreperfectNewLaw. TheActsoftheApostlestellsusoftwo completehouseholds,allthemembers ofwhichwerebaptisedontheconversionoftheadults.Commonsense againtellsusthatchildrenbelongto theirparentswhomaychooseontheir behalf.Justastheycanchoosethat thewholefanolvwillliveinthissuburborthat,sotheycanchoosethat thewholefaintlywillliveinthespiritualrealmoftheChristianfaith,havingtheirinfantchildrenbaptised.Even inthismatterOurLord'swordsapply, "Sufferlittlechildrentocomeunto Me,andforbidthemnot,forofsuch isthekingdomofHeaven."

thoughttobetoourgoodbyleading ustoourtruegood.Ofcourse,when wehappentoberight,Hewillgrant justwhatwerequested.

Whereprayerforothersisconcerned,wehavenocertaintythatwhatwe askwilleventuate.Intemporalmatterswemaynotbeaskingforwhat willbefortheirultimategood:andin spiritualmatters,aswhenweprayfor theirconversionandsalvation,they alwaysretainthepowerofresistingthe graceGodoffersthem.Allwedois toprayon,humbly,earnestly,andwith resignationtoGod'swill.Apartfrom theeffectsforwhichwepray,such prayersalwaysbenefitourownsouls bythemerefactthatitsupposesan exerciseoffaith,hopeandcharity.

NationalismandTruth

"Astounded,"Croydon:

Q.:IhaveheardyouadvocatingareturntoRomanCatholicism. R.:Iprefer,andalwaysuse,simply theterm"Catholicism."Andnolisteneryethascomplainedthatthe termwassovaguethathedidnot knowofwhichchurchIwasspeaking.However,thatismerelyby-the. way.

Q.:TheprosperityoftheBritishEmpiredatesfromitsrepudiationof RomanCatholicism,anditsadoption ofProtestantism.

R.:Firstly,theprosperityofany nationisnotproofthatithasthetrue formoftheChristianreligion.Christ neverpromisedearthlyprosperityto Hisfollowers.HeHimselfwascrucified,andwarnedHisfollowersthatthe worldwouldhateandpersecutethem

asithadhatedandpersecutedHimself, Secondly,IwillletanAnglican clergymangiveyouhisadviceonthe subjectyouintroduce.Hebegshis fellowProtestantstodropyourtypeof argument.Hesaysthatprosperityof theBritishEmpire,orofanyother earthlyEmpireorstate,wouldbea veryprecariousbasisfortheChristian faith.Yet,headds,theideathatall iswellwiththeBritishEmpire,thereforeitsreligionmustberight,hasbeen rampantinEngland,anditistobe hopedthatthedaysofthisfool'sparadisestuffarenumbered.Thetruth ofourreligionmustbetestedbycheckingitupwiththeGospelsandChristiantraditionsthroughtheages.

I,myself,maintain,ofcourse,that theCatholicChurchalonecanstand thattest.

TheWorldCondemned

"Puzzled:.Cloyelly

Q.:InJn.XII,31,Christsaid:"Nowis thejudgmentoftheworld."InJn. XVL,ii.,HesaidthattheHoly Spiritwouldcomelater,andwould convincetheworldofjudgment. ElsewhereHesaysthatHeHimself willcomeinthecloudsofheavento judgeallmankind.Areallthese differentjudgments,orphasesofthe onejudgment?

R.:Theyarereallyallphasesofthe onejudgment.Christjudgedandcondemnedtheworldfromthemoment HebeganHislifeonearth.Hechose standardsopposedtothoseofthe world,andtaughtprinciplestheworld hasrefusedtoaccept.AndasChrist judgedandcondemnedtheworld,so theworldjudgedandcondemned Christ-andputHimtodeath.It woulddothesameto-day.Butin theend,itisthejudgmentofChrist thatwillbevindicated.Meantime Christwarnsusthatwehavetochoose betweenHimandtheworld-awarningasapplicableto-dayasinanyother age.Hetellsustobeintheworld, butnotofit;thatwemustnotlove theworld;andtoexpectthattheworld willhateandpersecuteusasithated andpersecutedHim.Soopposedare theprinciplesofChristandtheprinciplesoftheworld,thateachisthe judgmentandthecondemnationofthe other.

"CHRISTIANCIVILISATION."

Q.:DoesChristiancivilisation underthesamejudgmentas world?

fall the

ance,butsinners.Ifanindividual repentsofhissins,Christ,whoisthat man'sJudge,isalsohisSaviour.Christ condemnssin.Ifamanadmitshis sins,andadmitsthatChrist'scondemnationofthemisright,hegoes overtoChrist'sside,condemnshisown sins,abandonsthem,andthroughthe

R.:Ingeneral,yes.Forwhatwe call"Christiancivilisation"isacivilisationbuiltupbyChristianswhosedescendentshaveignoredChristianprinciplesinthegeneralstructurethey haveproduced.

TobeaChristianonehastogo againsttheprevailingspiriteveninour so-called"Christiancivilisation."For ourowncivilisationissobasedonthe principlesoftheworld,andsosaturatedwithsecular,orthisworldlystandards,thatitisimpossibletoharmoniseitwiththeprinciplesofChrist.We havetobelieve,therefore,thateven "Christiancivilisation"insofarasit contradictstheprinciplesofChristfalls underHisjudgmentandcondemnation.And,ofcourse,ifwedobelieve inChrist,webelievethatHeisthe Judgewhoreallymatters;andweacceptHisverdict.

INDIVIDUALCHRISTIANS,

Q.:SinceChristiancivilisationismade upofindividuals,whatofindividual Christians?

R.:TheyfallunderthecondemnationofChristaccordingtothedegreeinwhichtheylivebytheprevailingpaganismoftheworldaround them.AllChristians,exceptvery rareindividualsaints,aremoreorless guiltyofthis.Andthatmeansthat theyaresinnerstoagreaterorlesser degree.

Q.:IfindividualChristiansarealso tobecondemned,whatbecomesof thesavingworkofChrist?

R.:ChristsaidthatHecameto save,notthejust,whoneednotrepent.

meritsofChristobtainsmercyand forgiveness.HowmanyChristians havedonethis,orwilldoit,noman cansay.Butitiscertainthatimmensemultitudesofthemhavenot. Thelivestheyareliving,andwhich theyobviouslyintendtogoonliving, areblatantlypagan.

TheChain-PrayerMania

"Anxious,"Sydney:

Q.:Iencloseacopyofachain-prayer whichsomeonesenttome,andwhich hastobecopiedandsenttofour otherpeople.

R.:Ithasnottobecopiedorsent toanyotherpeople.Ithastobe destroyed,andeverythingpossible mustbedonetostopthenonsenseof suchchain-prayers.

Q.:Itpromisesaspecialfavouronthe fourthdaytothosewhosaythe prayer,andsenditontoothers.

R.:Thatissheersuperstition.God cannotbetieddownbyspiritual cranks,eithertograntspecialfavours attheirdictation,ortodosoonthe fourthday,orthesecondday,orthe eighthday,oranyotherday.

Q.:Iturgestheonewhoreceivesa copynottobreakthechain.

R.:Sincethereisnoobligationto preservethechain,therecanbeno dutytodoso.Asamatteroffact,it isyourdutytobreakthechain,and smashitintofragmentsifyoucanby preventingothersfromgoingonwith it.Inmanyunbalancedmindsthe instructiontokeepthechaingoing givesrisetothemostunjustifiedfears ofdisasterifitisnotcarriedout.And

suchfearsareharmful,bothphysicallyandreligiously.

PRETENCEANDPO/SON.

Q.:Itstatesthattheprayerhasthe approvalofanOrderofNuns.

R.:Thatcanbeclassedasastraightoutinvention,dueeithertountruthfulnessoranover-developedimagination.ThelawsoftheCatholicChurch donotgiveanynunstherighttoapproveprayersforpublicdistribution. ThatrightisreservedtoBishopsonly. Yourchain-prayer,therefore,stands self-condemned.

Q.:Whatharmdosuchchain-prayers cause?

R.:Theybringdiscreditonreasonablereligion,andawakenridiculeand contemptonthepartofenemiesofthe Church.Meantime,inthosewhoacceptsuchchain-prayersandcomply withtheircondition,graveharmcan result.Forsuchthingsencourage credulity,sinfulpresumption,unjustifiedfears,andpharisaicalrelianceon themeremechanicaldistributionof prayer-forms.Catholicpiety,therefore,doesnotsanction,butrepudiates thechain-prayersystem,withitsfoolishpredictionsandpretendedauthority.Andnowell-instructedCatholic willhaveanythingtodowithit.

DISSIPATEBADODOURSWith SANITOSBLOCKETTES

USEDBYHOSPITALS,HOTELS,PUBLICBUILDINGS,ETC. NOATTENTIONREQUIRED.

CanbeObtainedatAllLeadingStores.

AlsoSOLEMANUFACTURERSOF"ANTIODOR''DEODORISERS, FORICEBOXESANDREFRIGERATORS.

SANITOSMANUFACTURINGCO. 157PIERSTREET,PERTH. Tel.:B6715.

'Phone:B3810.

HEonlypossiblepretextforwritingaboutchain-prayersis thattheyareonthemove again.Twosampleshave reachedus,andtheyrun likethis:-

PeaceNovena.

"Thisistothe'LittleFlower.'

"ItwassenttomeandIamsending ittoyouinthehopethatyouwillnot breakthenovena.

"Thiswasstartedin1938,andhas beenroundtheworldfourtimes.The fourthdayafteryoureceivethisa specialfavourwillcomeyourway.It isremarkablehowtheprediction comestrue.

"Makefourcopiesandsendtoyour friendsbeforethefourthday,and thensayoneOurFatherandoneHail Maryfor9days.

"Thisletterwassenttomeby (Name).Inyourletterspleasementionthesender'sname.Itisapprov edbytheSistersofSt.Francis.

"Notewhathappensonthefourth day." (Signed.)

Noticethatwithinarelativelyshort space,theauthorofthatlettermanagestopackinsuperstition,tacitintimidation,heresy,fakepiety,blasphemyandfraud.It'sonlymerit overitspredecessorsisthatthecurrentletterisnotanonymous.It bearsthenameofthewriterandthe personfromwhomitwasreceived. Onenoticeswithsomethingofashock thenamesofpeopleoneknowsand whointheordinaryroutineoflife areotherwisequitesane.Thesignatures,whiletheyaresomeevidenceof sincerity,arealsoawitnesstothegullibilityandreligiousignoranceofthe peopleconcerned.OnewouldhardlyexpecttofindaCatholicofeven primaryschooleducationpromising another(presumablyinGod'sname) that"aspecialfavourwillcomeyour way."Amoreseriousmatteristhe fraudulentuseofthenameofthe "SistersofSt.Francis"aslendingthe superstitionsomeauthority.Apart fromthefactthatthereisnoreligious CongregationofthatnameinAustralia,anordinarilyeducatedCatholic shouldknowthatnoreligiouscommunitycouldformallyapprovetheuse ofcertainprayersforCatholics.That rightisreservedtotheBishops.No onewouldbemorepainedatthisimpudencethantheSistersthemselvesiftheyexisted. Therecurrenceofthischain-prayer maniaisacuriousphenomenonwithin

theChurch.Unlikeothersuperstitions itisahumanfollywhoseorigincannotbeattributedtothewar.It breaksoutinpeaceorwar,inseason andoutofseason,likeanepidemicof measles.Itispreachedagainstfrom ourpulpits,theCatholicpressdevotes columnstowarningsanddenunciation againstit.Everypriestinpublic andprivatehasattackedit.You wouldthinkwehadit"licked."That is,youwouldthinksoifyoudidn't knowtheinexhaustibleobstinacyand

FRANCIS GILBERT

theincrediblementalperversityofa certaintypeof"pious"people.No, wehaven't"licked"ityet,perhapswe nevershallgetitdownandpinits shoulderstothemat.AlltheauthorityandpowerandmightoftheChurch hasbeensetinmotionagainand againtocombatsuperstition-andin particularthis superstition-but, thoughitseemshereticaltosayso, thereisonethingtheCatholicChurch cannotdo-atleastshehasn'tbeen abletodoituptodate-andthatis toputanendtochainprayers.

PROPERTYMANAGEMENT

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HORS&CO. 15MOUATTSTREET, FREMANTLE.

Theentirefieldoftheseminorlunaciesdisposesthemindtoignorethe rationalaspectofreligionandtend tobringgenuinelypiouspracticesinto disreputebytheintroductionoffalse andsuperfluouselements.Theybring odiumandmisunderstandingofthe ChurchtooutsidersbytheemploymentofthenamesoftheSaintsand religiousOrderstofurthertheirridiculouspromisesandthreats.Theleast instructedCatholicshouldknowthat thesechain-prayersareatoncesilly andsinful.Itisabsurdtoimagine thatonecancompeldivinefavours byimposingatimelimitoffourdays. TheanswertoallprayerisentirelydependentupontheWillofGod.The worstfeatureofthishatefulpractice isthethreatemployedasregards "breakingthechain."Inthesedays ofhightensionsuchattemptsatintimidationarethemoreserious,as theyarequitelikelytohavegrave psychologicalandevenphysicaleffects bysettingupunfoundedfearsofdisastersinthemindsofunbalanced people. What,then,shouldbedonewith chain-prayers?Tearthemupor burnthem,breakthechain,stopthis superstition!

TheDukeofNorfolk,inarecent speech,saidthattheGovernmentof wasdeterminedthatafterthe war,thelandshouldnotbedespoiled asafterthelastwar.Therewouldbe propercontroloverland.Neveragain wouldtownsbeallowedtosprawlover goodagriculturalland.Healthy,balancedagriculturewastheaimofthe centralplanningauthoritywhichwas beingestablishedtocontroltheuseof theland.Whileonemightbepardonedalittlescepticismoverpolitical promiseswiththeirwelt-knownresemblancetopie-crusts,itdoesseem thatBritain'scrisismayreallyhave shownherthepathofsanityinthis primaryandurgentaspectofre-construction.Werethesepromisesreally,evenwithinthenextgeneration,it wouldproveasignalvictoryforthat bandofCatholicsocialreformersin EnglandledbyG.K.Chestertonand HilaireI3elloc.Formanyyearsnow theyhavebeenagitatingwithpenand voiceforthereturnofthesmalllandownerastheonlypossiblesolutionfor England'squondary.Likeallthe prophetstheyhavenotbeenwelcomed intheirowncountry.Chesterton's "OutlineofSanity,"andBelloc's''ServileState,"wereregardedbymanyof theorthodoxasretrogressivephilosophy,and"G.K.'sWeekly"seemed aftertenyearsofperilousexistence tohaveappealedonlytoasmalland somewhateccentricminority.Invain, itseemed,didthissmallgroupwith theneweconomicsofDistributism fightforthereturntotheland,small holdingsandprivateownership,while GovernmentsofdefiniteSocialistic elementswouldclaimallpropertyfor themawoftheStateAbsolute.While popularauthorslikeBernardShaw andH.G.Wellstalkedof"progress" andtheUtopiatocome,theCatholic thinkerswereendeavouringtoreawakentheEnglishpeopletoafresh desireforlibertythrougheconomic independence.Thishadbeenlostin theagriculturalareasbytheadvent oftheAgrarianRevolution,withlargescalescientificfarmingbymachinery, andbythemonstrousEnclosureActs whichfinallyyieldedthesmallholder intothehandsofthelandedoligarchy, whichruledEngland.Inthetowns theindustrialRevolutionhadturned menintofactoryhandsandbrought aboutsubhumanconditionsofliving. Worstofall,thewealthofthecountryandthemeansofproductionpassedintothehandsofafewrichmen, whilethemajoritybecameandremainedwage-slaves. Thoughallalikecouldseetheevil ofcapitalisticindustrialism,fewout-

4

sidetheCatholicminoritycouldperceivetheremedywhichlayintherestorationofthesmallindependent farmer.SuchmenasChestertonand Bellocbasedtheirphilosophyonthe EncyclicalsofLeoXIII,lateramplifiedandelaboratedbyPiusXI. Thesedocumentsshoneoutlikebeaconsoveramuddledandcaptive worldwhoseconfusionwasonlyincreasedbythesuperficialandcontradictorypanaceasproposed.

InEnglandatlast,politiciansare beingcompelledwilly-nillyalongthe righttrack.Therewill,ofcourse,he norecognitionoftheChurchorher protagonists,orthepioneeringwork oflandsettlementmadebythepriests andlaitywiththeencouragementof theHierarchy.ButCatholicsatleast willknowthatoncemoretheChurch hasbeentheearlybird.

EveninourownState,whereprosperitydependsonourstapleprimary industryofwheatgrowing,thecryof "BacktotheLand"mightberaised tosomeeffect.Insteadofmeeting thepost-warcrisiswithsuchhumiliatingandpatch-workremediesasthe dole,andlater,sustenancework,our Governmentmightbeexpectedtoput forwardsomecomprehensivescheme forthesettlementofunemployed youthontheland,wheretheycould receiveexperttraining,savetheir money,andultimatelybeinaposition toowntheirland.TheChristian Brothershavesetaprogressiveand soundexampleintheirfarmschools atTardunandBindoon.

Butitistobedoubtedwhetherany poweroutsideCatholicismwillbesufficientmotivetotheunemployed cityyouthfortheforfeitureoftheartificialpleasuresandcomfortsofthe cityinfavouroftheregularandsimplelifeonthefarm.Ifouryoung menwereshownthatcountrylifecan offerthemaximumofeconomicindependence,thatitcouldhethesurest strongholdoffamilylife,thatsimple pleasuresareinrealitythemostenduring,theymightheinducedtotry it.Thoughonemustatthesame timeconfessthattheindifferenceof politicianstowardsthewheatindustryissufficienttobreakdownconfidence andcallahaltinthemostardent.

BROWN-OUTOBLIGATIONS

RESPONSIBILITYOFHOUSEHOLDERS.

MINISTERWARNSOFSEVERE PENALTIES.

("WestAustralian,"April13,1942.1

Lightingrestrictionsmustbemore closelyobserved,saidtheMinisterfor CivilDefence(Mr.Panton)onApril13. 1942. Brownoutregulations,hesaid, governedlightingconditionsoutside thecoastalarea,whichextendedthree milesinlandfromWoodman'sPointto LittleIsland.Thebrownoutareawas effectivefor100milesinland.Lightingrestrictionsinthebrownoutarea werebeingignoredbyaconsiderable numberofpeople.Inthebrownout areanounshadedlightshouldbepermittedtoshowfromanywindowor doorway.Innocircumstanceshould thesourceoflightbevisibleoutsidethe buildingitwasilluminating.Ifaroom wasnoteffectivelyblackedout,blinds andcurtainsmustbeproperlydrawn beforelightswereturnedon.Ifthe windowswerenotfittedwithadequate blinds,thelightshouldbesoscreened orshadedthatthedirectrayswereall directeddownwardswithintheconfines oftheroomorbuilding.Adeepcardboardconedescendingwellbelowthe globewassufficientforthepurpose. ParticularlyinPerthunscreenedlights werecontinuallynoticedinflatsand offices.Thepenaltyfornotobserving thelightingregulationwasafineof£500 or12months'imprisonment.Offenders wereendangeringthelivesoftheirfellow-citizens

STALIN:AStudy.

*EX-SEMINARISTCZAR OFRUSSIA'SMILLIONS

ASTORYOFINCREDIBLEPATIENCE,MEDIOCRITYANDBLOOD

"Merelyasthecareerofonehumanbeing-warped,handicapped, withoutexceptionalendowmentsofmindorspirit-whobrutally clawedapathtothemasteryofhisworld,Stalin'slifeisendlessly fascinating."-EugeneLyons.

THEshadowofDjugashvilli-sombre,pockmarked,calculatingdarkensthemyriadleaguesof twocontinents,andhisinfluencehas wormedominouslyintoeverycorner oftheglobe.Oversixtyyearsagoa Russianpeasantcobbler'swifegave himbirthinahovelinaCaucasian slum.YossifVissarionovichDjugashvilli!Theboystudieduntilnearly twentyattheOrthodoxSeminaryat Tiflis-studiedforthepriesthood.

Foranothertwentyyearsheplotted, schemedandagitatedtounrootthe Czaristsocialorder-justanotherdenizenofthepoliticalunderworldofRussia,ignoredanddespised.Coming fromtheloweststratumoftheconqueredGeorgianracewhichhadstubbornlyrefusedtobeRussianised,and detestedtheRusianmasters,Djugashvillilearnthowtohate.Developed,too,thoseGeorgiantraitsof craftypatience,passionforrevenge, duplicityandapreferenceforindirectionandintriguetodirectfrontalattack.TheStalinofto-dayisofthese people,themarkoftheirhistoryis deepgrainedinhiswholepersonality.

Withinexhaustiblepatience,hemovedsocautiously,builthispolitical machinesoslowly,thateventhose closesttohimfailedtounderstand whathewasdoing-untiltoolate.His vengeanceisinexorableandterribly patient.Hehadwaitedhalfalifetimeforthebloodpurgesof1934and 1938'whistliquidatedmanyofhis mosthatedenemies.

Bornwithonearmpartiallyparalysed,andtwotoesgrowntogether, anearlyattackofsmallpoxlefthis faceslightlypitted.Hishome,when hewasyoung,seemstohavebeena hellofextremewant,bickeringsand brutality.Hismotherwashedand sewedotherpeople'sclothestomake upforwhathisfather,Vissarion, squanderedondrink.WhenherhusbanddiedCatherinemanagedtogeta scholarshipforYossifintheGreek seminaryattheGeorgiancapital.

Thefiveyearswhichthefuture Stalinspentintheseminarymadehim arevolutionist,insteadofapriest. Shabby,dishevelled,alwayspenniless, thedrab,half-starvedexistencehewas leadingledhimtofindanoutletinthe revolutionarytalkthatsimmeredin theseminary,asineveryotherhigh schooloftheCzaristEmpire.At19 heleftthecollegeandlivedforand ontherevolution.Thiswasin1898, whenanewRussiawasbeingforged byidealistsandschemersinthepoliticalunderworldofTiflisandtheEmpireatlarge.InthatsameyearLeon Trotskywasservingaprisonterm,and VladimirUlianov,knowntohistoryas Lenin,wasinSiberianexilewriting politicaltractsthatwouldbecomethe basisofBolshevikfaith.

Policerecordsoverthenextfew yearsmentionfivearrests,imprisonment,andexile.Hebecameanoutlawwithoutpermanenthomeorname SometimesKoba,sometimesDavid, Nizheradze,Tchizhikov,Ivanovich, Stalin.Ithadbecomefashionablefor Bolshevikstoadoptpseudonyms"tough"pseudonyms:"Molotov"from molot,ahammer;"Kamenev-from kamen,astone;andDjugashvilli chose"Stalin"fromatal--steel.

Stalinmarriedat24ayoung,illiterategirlwhoneversawherhusbandfor monthsonend.Hewasforever disappearingintoothercities,intoprison,intohiding.CatherineSvanidze neverknewthemorose,forbidding Georgianshehadbornasonto.

Yasha,theboy,wasstillachildwhen Catherinediedoftuberculosis.Now heisaprisonerofwarinaNazicamp behindtheEasternFront.Untilwar brokeoutYashalivedwithhisfather attheKremlin,togetherwiththetwo childrenofStalin'ssecondmarriage, SvetlanaandVassily.Stalinmarried

againin1919:hewasnearlyfortyand hisnewyoungwifeonlyseventeen March,1917,andthesunoftheCzars hadsetatlast.TheRussianarmies werebeingmassacredinaghastlyrout. Thesoldiersmutinied,theCzarabdicated,andtheyounglawyer,AlexanderKerensky,formedaprovisional government.Thepoliticaloutlaws andexilespouredintothechaosof Petrograd.Trotskyrushedfromhis rabidRussiandailyinNewYork;a sealedtrainbroughtLeninacrossthe ReichfromZurich.Thenewstrickled throughtoKureikaintheremotest PolaroutpostoftheCzaristEmpire. Stalinhadbeenexiledtheresincethe springof1913.Grimly,slowly,he packedhisfewragsforthelongtrek toPetrograd.Hisplanswerealready made. BackinPetrogradStalindidn'trealisejusthowcompletewasthesocial revolution.Trotskydid,andbecame

upafollowing,amachine.Thevery tempoofeventsconcealedhispatient working.Foryearstheregime struggledoninavortexofcalamities. TrotskyhadforgedtheRedArmy.was thepopularhero.Then,toolate. Leninandtheothersrealisedwhat washappening.Bythistime.workingfrombelow,Stalinhadgained partycontrol,wasstrongerthanthey. LeninandTrotskyhadplannedto liquidatehimpoliticallyatthespring congressof1923,butasIsaid,Lenin diedontheeveofthecongress.Stalin siezedtheopportunity,hisbigopportunity.HedefiedLeninItwasa master-stroke.Leninalivewould haveeliminatedStalin,butLenindead anddeifiedcalledforamouthpieceof diety.Themouthpiece,ofcourse,was Stalinhimself,andtoquestionhisac tionsbecameheresy,wasdealtwith bytheOGPU.

WithLeninmadeagod,itremained tomakeadevilofTrotsky.Amore difficultthingtodo,buthediditmagnificently.Then,inthelateafternoonofAugust20,1940,aBelgian agentoftheOGPUgashedtheunsuspectingTrotskyovertheheadwithan alpenstockinhisfortressvillaonthe outskirtsofMexicoCity.Deported byStalinin1929,TrotskyhadestablishedhisMexicanrefugein1937.He diednextdayinhospital,accusing Stalinandhissecretpolice,butconfidenttothelastthattheFourthInternational(hisparty)wouldgoforwardtovictory.

Trotsky-forgedtheRedArmy. Lenin'sright-handman.Stalinwas helpingeditthepartyorgan"Pravda." Finally,fromthewelterofparties scramblingforpower,theBolsheviks emergedtriumphant.Alwaysinthe background,thoughknowntoLenin asanarch-bandit,Stalinsomehowor otherwasamongthesevenPolitical Bureaumemberswhenthepartycarriedthroughthefinalcoup.

Oftheoriginalmembers,onlyStalin isstillthereto-day-Lenindieda naturaldeathbeforethespringcongressofthepartyin1923.(FortunatelyforStalin,forLeninhadpreparedtoliquidatehimatthatcon-. gress.)Trotskywasassassinatedin Mexicoin1940;three-Zinoviev,Kamenev,Bubnov-wereshotbyStalin's orders:andthelast,Sokolnikov,still pinesinoneofStalin'sprisons.Brilliantmen,allofthem,withtheexceptionofStalin.Inthiscompany hewasallbutignored,theslow-moving,slow-thinking,uninspiredhackof therevolutionwhocouldneitherwrite norspeakeffectively.Hesharednone oftheglorybuthisjudgmentwasfrequentlysound:Leninreliedonhim morethanmanyrealised.EvenTrotsky,inretrospect,creditshimwith 'energy,persistence,andinventiveness inmovesbehindthescenes."

InLenin'sCabinet,StalinwasCommissarforNationalities.Assuch,he metthousandsofCommunistsinthe lowerstrata,bigandlittlebureaucrats. ofthecountry'sendlessminorities. Whilsttheotherleaderswerebusied withaffairsofState,Stalindesignated keymenthroughoutthelocalcommit. teesoftheU.S.S.R. Witheverymonthmoreandmore ofhisnomineestookoverthefunctionsofgovernmentonthelowerhumdrumlevels.Hewassteadilybuilding

Stalinhadwaitedwithinexorable patienceforyears;inthemeantime hadeliminatedZinovievandKamenev. butintheendhegothisman.The storyoftheghastlybloodpurgesof 1934nauseatedthewholeworld.The assassinationofoneofStalin'shenchmenwastheopportunityhehadbeen waitingfortowreakanhysterical vengeanceonthousandsof"suspects." Inthearmy,thenavyandtheair forcepotentialenemiesofStalinwere liquidatedinliterallytensofthousands.TheHighCommandwasdecimated,eightgenerals,includingMar. shalTukhachevsky,itsforemoststrategist,wereexecutedinoneclip.Then followedsome30,000officers,twothirdsofthehigherofficers'corps;the headsofnearlyalltheso-called''autonomousrepublics":amba,:sadors, professors,commissars,scientists,Industrialdirectors-allmurdered,bludgeonedintosuicide,ormysterious: missing.Thelastpictureintherevoltingstripcappedthelot.Itbecameacaseof"dogeatsdig."an/ eventhehighestofficialsoftheOGPU themselvesbegantofallvictimsofthe officialbloodlust.Yagoda,frankenstein-in-chiefofthetorturesystem. fellfoulandwasshot.Hissuccessor,

YAGODA eats

Lios

Yezhov,soondisappearedinhiswake Andsothecarnagewenton. ThosewhowereleftintheKremlin anditsgiganticbureaucracyweretotallydevoidofculturalbackground "Yes-men,"tough,contemptuousof "bourgeois"values,eachinflictinghis brutalityonthoseunderhiscontrol. Supremeaboveall,withabsolute poweroverlifeanddeath,mostfeared andmostadulatedmanofhisage,is Voshd,theFuhrerofalltheRussiasJosephStalin. AndnowRussia'smillionsarefightingtheNaziwarmachine.Theworld expectedanearlycollapse,kaew nothingofthevastpreparation-th hadbeendirectedfortwentyyearstowardsjustthisoneinevitableeventiality.Therewasnodrasticchange fromapeace-timetoawar-timeeccn-

(ContinuedonPage10

STALIN.

Stalin'smannerofliving,according theofficialversion,isexceedingly modest.Hissalaryisonlyabout1,000 rublesamonth;theequivalent-since theactualvalueoftherubleisabout fivecents-ofaround50dollars.By suchreckoning,familiesonreliefin theUnitedStatesreceivemorethan thebossofRussia's180,000,000people.

ButtheSpartarDictatorperforms miracleswithhis50dollars.Hehas fourpalatialresidencesinthesouthof RussiaalongtheshoresoftheBlack Sea,andseveralcomfortablesummer palacesinthesuburbsofMoscow.All thesehomesareequippedwitheverythingfrombilliardroomstomotionpicturehalls.Themusicroomsinvariablycontainphonograph-radios withautomaticrecord-changersand push-buttontuning-Stalin'sspecial delight.Helikedtoshowtheseinstrumentsofftohisguests,andthe 'commissariatofForeignTradehasa standingorderwithitsrepresentatives abroadtokeepaneyeoutforthelatestmodels.

Stalin'sestatesemployhundredsof servantsandguardstheyearround, 4ndarealwaysreadyforhisvisits.The expendituresforallthisarenever chargedtoStalinhimself,butarecoveredbythestatebudgetasdisbursementsforroadimprovement,public welflare,eter.-=AlexanderBarmine, formermemberofSovietCommissariat fr.rForeignTrade.

TOPICALBOOKSOFGREAT INTEREST PRESENTPROBLEMSERIES. THEHERESYOFNATIONAL SOCIALISM.

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CATHOLICPOCKETCALENDAR FOR1942.

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ChairofCatholic17 ActionatCorpus Christi MajorAnnouncement

CATHOLICLACT1ON

BYVERYREV.W.P.HACKETT,SJECCLESIASTICALASSISTANT, NATIONALSECRETARIATOFCATHOLICACTION.

TheappointmentoftheRev.C. Mayne,Si.,tothenewlyestablished ChairofCatholicActionatCorpus ChristiSeminary,isthesubjectofan announcementofmajorimportance maderecentlybytheauthoritiesat theCollege.

Itisamatterofkeensatisfaction thattheCollege,inmakingtheappointment,isfulfillingthedirectwishofthe HolyFatherthatseminariesshouldprovideadequatetrainingforprieststo assistthemintheirlaterworkaschaplainsofCatholicAction.

WhenthelateHolyFathermadehis famousappealtothepriestsofthe worldtoencourageandsupportCatholicAction,hewellrealisedthemomentousnatureoftheworkhewasconfidingtothemandthetremendousburdenhewasplacingontheiralready heavily-ladenshoulders.

Thewords:"Itisyourchiefduty. VenerableBrethren,andthatofyour clergy,toseekdiligently,toselectprudentlyandtotrainfittingly,layapostles mightnotatonceattractthe fullattentionofthecasualreader.In fact,theyopenwholenewworldsof activityandinfluencefortheaverage priest.

SincethebeginningofofficialCatholicActioninAustralia,thelayleaders havesetthemselvestogainthecon-

fidenceofthepriestsandworkinthe mostcompleteco-operationwiththem. Themannerinwhichthisco-operation istobeexercised,ofcourse,wasnot clearatthebeginning.Whilethere arecertainfundamentalprinciples thatholdtrueinallcases,theexact amountofdirectionwhichthepriest willneedtogiveinalaymovement depends,toagreatextent,onthetype ofmovementaswellasontheage,sex anddegreeofeducationofthemembers.Nevertheless,thisworkhasbeen undertakenwiththegreatestgoodwill onbothsides.

Tomostpeopleinthiscountry,CatholicActionis,attheirfirstacquaintancewithit,anewandratherbewilder. ingscience.Itspurpose-thewinning oftheworldtoChristthroughtheactivityoflay-folk-isclearenough.It isthequestionsoftechniqueandoforganisationthatare,atthebeginning, somewhatbaffling.Forthoseincharge ofsuchmovements,agooddealof studyandexperienceisnecessarybeforethefullwealthandcomplexityof aCatholicActionOrganisationbecames revealed.PopePiusXIwaswell awareofthedifficultiesinthepast,and hewasconstantlyaskingandpraying thathe"shouldbeproperlyunderstood"whenhespokeofCatholicAction.Eachofusisindangeroftwist-

GoldfieldsSection

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MingthePope'swordstosuitourown particularviewsandprejudices.We thinkofthethingswewouldliketo seedoneanddescribethoseasCatholic Action.Evenmoreoftenwethink oftheparticularthingswewantdone insteadofthinkingoftheMovement whichistodoit.CatholicActionis aMovement,anInstitution,anOrganisation,andoneofthesimplestdefinitionsuiaCatholicActionworkisthat itis"somethingdonebyapersonas amemberofanofficialCatholicAction MovementsetupbytheBishop."

AtanyrateCatholicActionisdefinitelynotsomethingwhichonecan takeupandhandleefficientlyatfive minutes'notice.Thisappliestothe priestaswellastothelayman.Itis adifferenttypeoforganisationfrom theolderCatholicsocieties-Much widerinitsscope,usingmoremodern methodsandconcernedwiththepenetrationoftheenvironmentratherthan withspasmodic"gooddeeds."Moreover,eachMovementofCatholicAction tendstodevelopitsowndistincttechniqueandapproach.Thethingsthat willinterestyounggirlsofseventeen arewidelydifferentfromthosewhich onemustplacebeforefarmersorlaw. yers.Youngworkersareattractedbyidealswhichwillnotappealdirectlyto groupingsofmarriedwomen.Yetthe parishpriestmayhavetodealwithhalf adozendifferentorganisations-giving totheleadersofeachaspiritualformationadaptedtotheirownenvironment,advisingthemonthemostsuitablemethods,warningthemofpitfalls andtakingapersonalinterestinthe leaders.

Itisnotonlyaquestionoftimefora priestwhohasalreadyasmuchashe canhandle,particularlyunderwarconditions.Itisnotmerelythathemust giveupmoreofhisenergytothetrainingofleadersoforganisationswhich hehasnothithertohadtoconsider. Thereisthepointthatthetrainingof leaders,particularlythetrainingof youthleaders,isaspecialstudy. Heisobligedtogodeeplyintotheir dailylives:todiscoverbypatientenquirytheconditionsinofficesandfactories.thepopulartypesofamusement, theviewsonsocialaffairs.Hehas tounderstandthoroughlythepsychologyofyoungpeople,todrawoutwhat isbestinthemwithpatienceand courage,and-insteadofmerelyinculcatinggeneralprinciples-toberigidlyandconstantlyrealistinhisapproach. Thetrainingofyouthisaworkforexpertsandthepriestisaskedtomake himselfexpertinhalfadozendifferent directions.Thishecannotachieve quickly.

ForitshouldbeinsistedonthatCatholicActionasksmoreofthepriest thandoesanyotherCatholicbody. WithaConfraternityorSodality,the priesthasmerelytoattendregularlya generalgatheringandgiveaninstruction.Ontheotherhand,"CatholicAction,"asPiusXIwrote,"saystoeach ofitsEcclesiasticalAssistantsinregard totheshareentrustedtoeach,'Mylot isinThyhands.'" CatholicActiondoesplaceinthe handsofthepriestitsmemberstoa veryhighdegree.Itsaystohimin effect:"Herearethepickofthepeople intheparish.You,asourEcclesiasticalAssistantare,tosomeextent,a MasterofNovices.Itisforyouto mouldthesepeopleinthewayofperfection,toguidethemsothatthey mayhave,notonlyaCatholicmind, butamoreintenseknowledgeandlove ofOurLord,avividsenseoftheirimportantapostolate,andaclearideaof howtomakethatapostolateapractical reality."Onecannotdobetterthan quoteCardinalPizzardo:"Giventhe natureofCatholicAction,itisclear thatthepriestintheexerciseofhis normalfunctionasAssistant,isand reallymustbe,thesoulofhisassociation,theinspirationofgoodenterprises,thesourceofzealandthefashionerofconsciences."

Theeffectofsuchcloseassociation betweenthepriestandthebestelementsinhislaitymustbeofthehigh. estvalue.InhisSundaysermonshe hastoappealtoalargeanddiffused audienceandcanuseonlygeneral terms.Inhisdiscussionswithhislay

leadersinseparateMovementshecan givethemamorepreciseandpractical formationexactlysuitedtotheneeds anddifficultiesofthemembers.What isevenmoreimportant,heisableto makedirectuseoftheenthusiasmand abilityofhisbestparishionersand throughthemextend,toanunprecedentedextent,theinfluencewhichhe canexertintheparish.Throughthem hecanreachcornersoftheparishwhich timeandotherdutiesnormallyprevent himfromapproaching.Eachtrained layleaderbecomes,asitwere,abridge overwhichthepriestcancometothe peopleandthepeoplecancometothe priest. Allthis,however,aswehavesaid, cannotbeachievedeasilyorwithout specialpreparation.Forthepriestof thefutureitispartofhisnormalfunctionstobeaChaplaintoCatholicActionMovements.Alreadyinmanyof theSeminariesinAustralia,groupsof studentsintheirsenioryearshavebeen meetinginordertopreparethemselves forthisnewanddifficultrole.Groups ofyoungpriestshavebeencomingtogethertodiscusstheproblemsofspiritualformationfortheirlaycollaboration.TheyhavebeenwritingandpublishingtheirownspecialBulletinsfor thispurpose.Yetevenmorethanthis isrequired.

TheAustralianBishops'Committee onCatholicActioninitsrecentstatementdeclared:"Wehavebeenparticularlygratifiedtonoticetheattention whichhasbeengiveninrecentyears intheEcclesiasticalSeminariestothe instructionofstudentsforthePriesthoodintheprinciplesofCatholicAction."NowtheappointmentofaspecialProfessorofCatholicActionwill provideasystematicandpermanent meansofcarryingoutthewishesofthe HolyFatherandoftheBishops.

ThenewProfessor,FatherC.Mayne, S.J.,hasnotonlystudieddeeplytheauthoritieswhohavespokenandwritten aboutthisvastsubject,buthas,himself,beencloselyintouchforsome yearswiththelayleadersofthevariousCatholicActionMovements throughoutAustralia.Hecomestohis newpositionwithalreadypracticalexperienceintherunningofgroupsof leadersandofMovements,andisthus thoroughlyawareoftheactualproblemswhichyoungpriestswillhaveto encounterinthisfield.

ofQiitif)Di- f ..,614A4

SocialCliteldt

April29:Thefirstdanceoftheseason willbeheldbytheL.C.Y.atHighgate.

May1st.:Rev.FatherO'Callaghan, Chaplain,A.I.F.,willgiveaninformaltalkonhisexperiencesduringtwoyears'activeserviceinthe MiddleEast,attheCentralCatholic Library,36Pier-street,at8p.m.

SocietyofSt.Vincent DePaul

MembersareremindedthattheFes tiyalMeetingwillbeheldatSt. Joachim'sChurch,VictoriaPark,on nextSunday,April19,at3pm.

VICTORIASQUAREOLDCOL LEGIANS'ASSOCIATION.

Thenextmeetingwillbeheldatthe CollegeonSunday,May3,at10.45a.m.

TheannualGeneralCommunionwill beheldat9o'clockMass,St.Mary's Cathedral,onMay10.

Transportarrangementsare,-eing arrangedandfurtherparticularswill bepublishedinnextweek's"Record." Memberswillalsobecircularised.

HELPFULHINTSFORTHE HOME

Ifyouwanttokeepyourblanketsnice andfluffy,addateaspoonofglycerine totherinsingwateraftertheblankets havebeenwashed.

Makeahandypin-cushionforyour sewingmachinebysewingabandof petershamroundthehorizontalarmof themachine.Thissavestimeand patience.

Didyouknowthattheleavesoftiny turnipplantstrimmings)aredelicious whenusedinrawsalads.

Trythissimpleremedywhenyou losethetagfromoneofyourwhite shoe-laces:Diptheendofthelacein hotsealingwaxorcandle-grease.Do nottouchuntilitisquitecoldandsolid.

Beforemakinggingerbreadorany othercakerequiringtreacleorgolden syrup,standthetreacletininawarm place,overagasjet,forinstance,and thentherewillbenodifficultyinmeasuringout,forwarmsyruppourslike water.

Astripoffelttackedoverthebottomofadoorismuchhandierandjust aseffectiveasasandbagtokeep draughtsaway.

Apaperbag,slippedoverthehead ofthepolishingordustingmop,helps tokeepitclean.

Hotsaltwillremovethestainsleft afterthewindowframesandsillshave beenpainted.

Haveyouevertriedmakingthis tastyandeconomicalluncheondish?

Gratetwoorthreemediumsizedpotatoes,seasontotaste,thenmixwithone beatenegg.Dropspoonfulsintoboilingfat,andservewithfriedtomatoes orasalad.

Tocookmilkpuddingswithoutlightingtheoven,mixasusualinapiedish,andstandthedishinalarger onehalffilledwithwateroveranordinaryjet.Coverwithasuitablevessel.Whencooked,brownoverthe griller.

RECIPES. TcmatoPuree.

Ingredients: 51bs.tomatoes, 11b.onions, loz.celeryseeds, 2teaspoonsgroundginger, 2dessertspoonssalt, 2levelsaltspoonscayenne, 2tablespoonssugar, pintwhitevinegar.

Method: Cutuptomatoesandonions,sprinklewithsalt,andstandfortwentyfourhours.Nextday,addtoother ingredientsandboilslowlyforone hourormore,stirringoftenandmashing.Strain,rubbingasmuchofthe pulpaspossiblethrough,andplace inratherwide-neckedbottles.When cold,pour2teaspoonsofoliveoilinto eachbottle.Storewheretheywill nothemoveduntilrequired(Ifmoved,donotdisturbtheoilontop). Whenneededforuse,theoilcanbe removedwithstripsofblottingpaper, butitispreferabletoretainit,asit makesthebottleairtight.Thispuree willkeepfortwelvemonthsormore.

WaysideCrossesTakenDown ByNazis

Thewaysideshrines alongtheroadsand lanesofGerman-occupiedEuropeare beingtakendownby orderoftheNaziauthorities.

Thishasalready beendoneinsome districts,especiallyin Poland.OftenGermansoldiersusethe figuresasrifletargetsbeforetheyare pulleddown. Waysidechapelsand churchesarebeing destroyedorusedfor someotherpurpose, suchasacanteen.

ivicetoJNext=ol=X117of Of(War

TheAustralianRedCrossSocietyappealstonext-of-kinofprisonersofwar tofollowcarefullyallinstructionsissuedbytheSocietywhensendingtheir three-monthlynext-of-kinparcels.

Failuretofollowtheseinstructions causesdelayindespatch,andalso wastesaconsiderableamountofthe voluntaryworkers'timeattheRed CrossPackingCentre,fromwhichas manyas400parcelsaredespatched eachweek.

Thefollowingaresimplerulesfor next-of-kintofollow:-

Do-becertaintowraptheparcel carefullyinstrongpaperorinastrong cardboardboxandtiewithstrong string.

Do-becertaintoprintinblocklettersonoutsideofparcelfullparticulars ofnameandaddressofprisoneraswell asthatofsender.Prisoner'saddress toincludeservicenumber,rank,initialsandname,aswellasprisonnumber(ifany)andprisoncamp.

Do-besuretoindicateclearlyboth onthewrappingandinsidetheparcel therelationshipofthesendertothe prisoner.Forinstance,statewhether thesenderisthemother,wifeorsister, etc.,oftheprisoner.

Don't-includeanyprohibitedarticles.Listsofarticleswhichmayor maynotbesentaresetoutinblue LeafletB.14,obtainableatallRedCross Headquartersincapitalcities.

Don't-includeanycivilianclothing suchastrousers,sportscoats,etc.,in parcelsformembersoftheForcesonlycivilianinterneesareallowed these.

Don't-includeakhakishirt.They maynotbesent.Onlycolouredshirts arepermitted. Toassistnext-of-kinwhenpreparing theirparcelstheRedCrosshascompiledthefollowingsuggestedlistofcontentsforaparcel:1FineToothComb,1NailBrush,2 PairsUnderpants(Woollen),1 Shirt (Coloured),2Singlets(Woollen), Towel,1Washer,1PairGloves,1Balaclava,1Pullover,1Dentifrice,2Lead Pencils,1CakeSoap,1TinChocolate andChewingGum,1RazorandBlades, 2PairSocks,2Handkerchiefs,2Tooth Brushes,1CakeWashingSoap,1ShayCoconutBreadCustard.

Ingredients: 1pintmilk, 2or3eggs, Pinchsalt, 3or4slicesbutteredbread, 2tablespoonssugar, liteaspoonvanilla, cupdessicatedorshreddedcoconut.

Method: Cutthinslicesofbutteredbreadinto fingerlengths,andplaceinapiedish withthecoconut.Whisktheeggs. addsalt,sugar,vanillaandwarmed milk.Mixthoroughlyandpourinto piedish.Sprinklesurfacewithgrated nutmeg,placepiedishinpanwith water,andbakeslowlyuntilcustard isfirmlyset.Thesamemixturemay beplacedinabutteredbasin,covered withbutteredpaperandgentlysteamed.

ingBrush,1ShavingSoap,1Scarf, Housewife.

Thisparcelisconsideredidealfora firstparcel,andasabasisforsubsequentparcels.Sendersareasked,however,torememberthatmaintenance andreplacementofprisoners'clothing andeffectsisofimportanceasthe monthsgoby.Forthatreasonitis wisetoincludeinsecondandthirdparcelssuchthingsasbootpolish,boot brushesandhussifs,andtosendsuppliesofarticlessuchasrazorbladesand toothbrushes,whichwearoutwithuse. Thewearing-outfactorinregardto clothingshouldalsoberemembered. Next-of-kinareaskedtoconform carefullytotherulessetoutbythe RedCrossinitsBlueLeaflet.Thelist ofpermissibleandprohibitedarticles hasbeencarefullyconsideredandhas beenlaiddownbyInternationalagreementbetweenwarringpowers.The reasonforprohibitionisnotalwaysobviousbutthepublicisassuredthat thereisalwaysagoodandsufficient reasonwhysuchregulationsaremade. Itmustalsoberememberedthatthe factthatsuchparcelsmaybesent toenemyterritoryisinitselfaprivilege;inordertoenjoythatprivilegewe mustconformtotheregulationswhich makeitpossible.

LINE-WHITE WEDDING

Awedding,withNuptialMass,was celebratedattheChurchofHoly Cross,Morowa,onFebruary7,when AlisonMary,onlydaughterofMr.and Mrs.M.K.White,of"Anlaby,"Merkanooka,wasmarriedtoCharlesLincoln, youngestsonofMr.andMrs.W.Lane, ofNedlands-TheRev.FatherWellams,P.S.M.,performedtheceremony, andMr.JohnWhite (thebride'scousin,servedtheMass.

Thebrideenteredthechurchonthe armofherfather,wearingabeautifulgownofwhitesatinwithfullskirt formingalongtrain,overwhichfell ingracefulfoldsalovelylaceveil, heldinplacewithabraidedcoronet. Shecarriedabouquetofwhiteroses andfrangipanni.

Threebridesmaidsattendedher: DorothyPowellandShirleyand ThedaWhite(cousins).JudithValentinesmallnieceofthebridegroom) wasthetrain-bearer.Theywereall gownedalikeinlongfrocksofgold taffeta,withshortpuffedsleevesof lace,andworetulleveilsinthesame lovelyshade,andgoldnecklets,the giftofthebridegroom.Theycarried bouquetsofgoldrosesandstephanotis.Mr.KenWhite(thebride's brother)carriedoutthedutiesofbest man.

Thechoir,ofwhichbothbrideanti bridegroomaremembers,sangthe Mass.AttheOffertoryMr.John Northeysang"0Salutaris,"andatthe signingoftheregisterMrs.J.Hendry rendered"AveMaria."MissJoan Frompresidedattheorgan.

LaterMr.andMrs.Whiteentertainedtheirmanyfriendsatabreakfast intheTownHall.Mrs.White.wearingasmartfrockofnavysheer,receivedtheguests.ShewasassistedbY Mrs.Lane,whochoseasmartcostume inlemonwithnavyaccessories.Both ladiescarriedposiesofautumn-tinted roses.

Mr.ConRyanpresided,andthe usualtoastswerehonoured,andmany congratulatorytelegramswereread fromfriendsinallpartsoftheCommonwealth.Thehappycoupleleft bytheafternoontrain,thebridetravellinginacharmingpowder-blueensemble.Mr.andMrs.Lanewillmake theirhomeatLindisfarne,South Morowa.

(Just

Herearefascinatingshoecreations.Styleandcomfortare charminglyachievedatapriceyou willrealiseislowforsuchquality. Onlyfourofthemanydesignsto choosefromareshown:Black, brown,andNavy,suedesandkids; allheelsandsizes.PopularPrice, 24/6.

PERTH.THURSDAY,APRIL16.

1942.

BombRome?

Onenoticeswithconcernthatthe"boothRome"campaign isbeingralliedagain.Itisjustovertwelvemonthsagothatthe crywasfirstraisedbyMr.H.G.Well.intheEnglishnewspap,:r.the"SundayDespatch."Wellswasatnopainstoconceal thathisproposalwaspromptedbyanintenseanti-Catholicbias. Heevenwentsofarastoclaimthattherewasa"Vaticanand Anglo-CatholicpolicyoftherestorationofChristendom,apparentlyatanycosttohumandignity."Suchnonsensewas.happily. notwidelyacclaimedandourlocalpressgavethematternopublicitywhatever.However,thewheelofpropagandahascome fullcircle.The"build-up"thistimevariesslightly.butthesub. stanceisthesame.TheVallettacorrespondentoftheBritish Unitedl'ressassuredthetoo;,1(luringtheweek.thatasaresult oftheappallingraidsonMalta,theMalteseweredem:ruling, "Whydon'twebombRome?"Thisdemand,hecontinued,is "thenaturaloutcome"oftheintensifiedraiding.

Theaviationcorrespondentofthe"DailyMail"wentone better.Ithascometohisknowledgeyinthemysteriousintuitive processpeculiarto"specialcorrespondents")thatithadbeen plannedtoblitzRomeaftertheItalianinvasionofGreece.But Romehadbeen"savedbyinfluencesoutsidetheR.A.F."These same"influences"hadsparedthefactoriesofParis.TheMaltese couldnotunderstandwhyRomeescapedunscathed.Hefinishedwiththetourdeforce:"IfthequestionofRome'sspiritualsignificanceisinvolved,itshouldberememberedthattheMaltese arenolessdevoutCatholicsthantheRomansthemselves."Now themostcuriousfeatureofthisadvocacyisthetwinclaimtoan accurateinterpretationoftheCatholicmindoftheMaltese--cumb;nedwithacompletesilenceonthepartoftheMaltesethe:tiselyes.Inthisregardwemightnotethat"specialcorrespondents" havenotbeenremarkablefortheiraccurateinterpretationsofmattersCatholic,andsecondlythataCatholicpeoplewouldnotentheirreligiousprestigebyaproposalsuchasthePress wouldputintheirmouths.

Thereisnothingwhatevertobesaidfurtheproposaltobomb Rome.Thereisnoparityintheattemptedparallelbetweenthe conditionofVallettaandRome.Andmoreconsequentially,there isnodispositiononthepartoftheanonymouscorrespondentsto distinguishbetweentheItalianRome,withwhichweareatxvar. andtheVaticanState,whosecompleteneutralityweareboundto .respect.Everypersonofcommonsensemustknowthatthe VaticanisinnowayresponsiblefortheactsofpoliticalItaly,and inparticularforItaly'sparticipationinthiswar.Indeed,ithas beenaverygravehandicaptotheactivitiesoftheHolySee.The publicmemoryissodesperatelyshortthatitcannotrecallhow onlyashortyearago,theVaticanCitynewspaper,"Osservatore Romano,"wasforbiddendistributionthroughoutItalyonaccount ofthefairattitudeitadoptedtowardsBritain!Butthereisno explainingthevagariesof"specialcorrespondents."Itisonlya matterofweekssincethePapaldiplomaticrelationswithJapan werethesubjectofthedarkestinnuendoes,untilsomeonewas movedtotheinspirationalexplanationthattheVaticanwas"perhaps"promptedmerelybythedesiretoprotectCatholicmissions andhelpprisonersofwar.Afewdayslaterthesesameactivities wereconstruedinanotherquarterasasubtleJapanesemovetowardsa"peaceoffensive."ThePresshasnotroubleabouthavingthingsbothways.ButitwillbeasorrydayfortheBritish causeifsuchirresponsibilitieseversucceededinmovingour statesmentoanactionwhichwouldhorrifythewholeChristian world.

Fr.McEncroeiM.S.C.

writesIron?

NewG

"WillNeverTake

InresponsetoatelegramofEaster greetings,MissPaulineWale,ofthe Ladies'College,VictoriaSquare,hasreceivedthefollowinginterestingletter fromRev.FatherM.McEncroe,M.S.0 whoisamissionaryinNewGuinea.

FatherMcEncroeisaWestAustralian: "Ideeplyappreciatedyourthoughtfulradioanditsexpression.Itgave meabigcheerio.ThanksbetoGod, all'swell.I'msparkingonalleights. Plentytokeepmeoccupied.I'ma MissionaryforNatives,aGovernment officerundermilitaryadministration, andafullypaidCaptain-Chaplain. Apartfromthat,thespiritofPort MoresbyandallPapuahasrisenfrom thedepthsofanydefeatism.Weare sure,confidentinGod,thatthelittle 'yellowblighters'(excusetheexpression)willnevertakePortMoresby. Sodon'ttakeanynewsaboutitsfallingwithoutabiggrainofsalt.

"Geographicallyweareprotected bylandandsea.Intheairwecan morethanholdourown.Wehere willholdtillthefinalvictory.This isnotjustawish,fathertothe thought;itisthespiritofourmen, andwehaveplenty.

"Wehavegiventheenemyfivetimes morethantheyhavegivenus,andwe havethemwherewewantthem.

"Atpresentall'swell,justkeeppraying.Pleasedonotsendanythingtill IsendanS.O.S.Nothingoperating hereoutsidemilitarysupervision.

"TheMissionwillbelookedafter. That'soneofmysparejobs-Liason OfficerforMissionsandMilitary.T'ie CatholicboysarerespondingO.K. FullattendanceatMasseverySunday atPortMoresby:havenotmissedone Sunday.Haveplentyofotherplaces tosayMass.Wefollowupthecamps. Ialsochasethenatives.Again,all's well.EasterMonday'sMasswillbe foryou."

RBroadcastsfrom CatholicChurches During1942

Thefollowingbroadcastshavebeen arrangedthroughStation6WN:-

May3-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

May24-4p.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral (Pentecost).

June7-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

June21-4p.m.:St.Brigid'sChurch, WestPerth.

July5-11am.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

August2-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral

August16-4p.m.:St.Patrick's,Fremantle.

September6-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

September20-4p.m.:St.Bhigid's, WestPerth.

October4-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

October18-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral(MissionSunday).

October25-4p.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral(FeastofChristtheKing).

November1-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

December6-11a.m.:St.Mary'sCathedral.

December24-Midnight:St.Mary's Cathedral.

ANZACDAY

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

1..10111111111111sH.,....Insuinomenummusumme11e HisGracetheArchbishopannounces thefollowingclericalchanges:-

Rev.J.Doyle,ParishPriest,Queen's Park,tobeChaplainA.M.F.

Rev.F.O'Reilly,AssistantPriestat Nedlands,tobelocumtenensat Queen'sPark.

Rev.C.Nolan,AssistantPriestat Queen'sPark,tobeAssistantPriestat Nedlands.

.outimusommousommensulninenensolusummommosmom

April19-3p.m.:PresideatFestival meetingoftheSocietyofSt.Vincent dePaul,atSt.Joachim'sChurch, VictoriaPark.

April25:CeremonyatReception,at St.JohnofGodConvent,Subiaco.

April26:CanonicalVisitationand Confirmation,atSacredHeart Church,HighgateHill.

May10:CanonicalVisitationandConfirmationatSt.Joseph'sChurch, Russelton.

SOLEMNREQUIEMMASSIN ST.MARY'SCATHEDRAL.

TherewillbeaSolemnRequiem Massat9.30a.m.,inSt.Mary's Cathedral,onAnzacDay,Saturday,April25.

SeniorChaplainGeraldO'Callaghanwillpreachtheoccasional sermon.

nea

PortMoresby-

ositurmimiumaiiiiimillemilimmirisiimminimissucliHIL, 2 FORAMERICANSAILORSON LEAVE.

TheexecutiveoftheCatholicg aWelfareOrganisation,co-operat=ingwithRev.FatherBreslin, PortChaplain,areanxious tosecuresuitableaccommodationE. 11inCatholichomesforAmericang gsailorsontheironenightofleave. gItisproposedtosecurealistofF. Ehomeswhichwouldbewillingtog. gofferthissmallmeasureofhospitality.AnyCatholicdesirousofF. helpinginthismatterisrequestS tosendnameandaddress171 7:to-Mr.P.R.Jackson, o Hon.Secretary,C.W.O., St.Mary'sChurchOffice, E VictoriaSquare,Perth.

I

7;ThePortChaplainhasrecentlyEopenedaRecreationHutinFreImeaavnet.lefortheuseofsailorsonE

CHAPLAING.O'CALLAGHAN TOLECTUREAT CENTRALCATHOLICLIBRARY

36PSBRSTREET,PERTH.

FatherGeraldO'Callaghan,whofor thepasttwoyearshasservedasChaplainintheA.I.F.,willgiveaninformal talkonhisexperiencesabroad,atthe CatholicCentralLibrary,36Pier-street, Perth,onFridayevening,May1,at8 o'clock.BatherO'Callaghanwason activeservicethroughouttheLibyan, GreekandCretancampaigns..Histalk iscertaintobeofabsorbinginterest, andagoodcrowdisexpected.

ThisisthefirstoftheLibrarylecturesthisyear,andothersareplanned tofollowatdatestobeannounced.

SPAINFIGHTSWHITESLAVERY AGAIN.

SpanishCatholicshavetakenup againtheworkofcheckingtheWhite Slavetrafficprotectingyounggirls indangerandrescuingthosewho havefallen,saysVaticanRadio,The work,whichwascarriedoutunder royalpatronagebeforetherevolution, wassuppressedin1931.

TOODYAY

MASSTIMETABLE.

April19:Jennacubbine,8a.m.; Toodyay,10a.m.

April26:Clackline,8.30a.m.;Toodyay,10a.m.

May3:Toodyay,8a.m.;Jennacubbine,10a.m.

May10:Mundaring,8a.m.;Chidlow,9.30a.m.

May17:Jennacubbine,8am.; Toodyay,10a.m.

May24:Baker'sHill,8.30am.: Toodyay,10a.m.

May31:Wongamine,8a.m.;Toodyay,10a.m.

KALAMUNDAGOOSEBERRYHILL

NEWMASSTIME-TABLE.

CommencingfromSunday,April12, therewillbetwoMassesatMary's MountBoys'College,GooseberryHill Thefirst,forSistersandchildren,will infuturebeat7.30am.,andthesecond Mass,tortheparishioners,at8.30am. 0=....ONEN.M,11,Mil,44E14,0IMIONMOSO11,=*

QUARANTORE

1942. APRIL.

Sunday. 4th.Cunderdin:OneDayofExposition. 5th.Norseman:OneDayof Exposition.

.11.101.11141.1104MMOIMOMMOIIMOMINIM=101=10.1=111

The LegionofMary

Legionarieswillbeinterestedinthenews thatthecanonisation ofBlessedGrignion deMontfortisdrawingnear.Afinal stageinhiscausewas reachedattheVaticanafewweeksago. whentheCardinals, officialsandconsultorsoftheS.CongregationofRites,in thepresenceofthe HolyFather,voted onthetuto.Blessed deMontfortwasthe founderoftheCompanyofMaryIMontfortMissionaries1 andtheDaughtersofWisdom.

AstheHandbooksays,"itcanbe safelyassertedthatnosainthasplayed agreaterpartinthedevelopmentof theLegionthanhe.TheHandbookis fullofhisspirit.Theprayersre-echo hisverywords.Heisreallythetutor oftheLegion:thusinvocationisdue tohimbytheLegionalmostasamatterofmoralobligation."

AtaboutthesametimetheHolyFatherannouncedthatthecertaintyof thetwomiraclesproposedinBlessed Louis'causehadbeenestablished.The pathtohiscanonisationisnowpracticallyclear.

Rev.FatherGerardHusseyleftby airlineronMondaymorninglastforhis nativedioceseofDunedin,NewZealand.SixyearsagoFatherHussey wasloanedtotheArchdioceseandhas nowbeenrecalledbyhisBishop,Most Rev.Dr.Whyte.

BorninDunedin,FatherHusseywas educatedbytheChristianBrothers, madehispriestlystudiesatHolyCross College,Mosgiel,andwasordainedon December15.1935.

ArrivinginthisStateinFebruary, 1936,hewasfirstappointedassistant priestatI3unbury.Laterhewas transferredtoHighgateHill.Here, asinBunbury,heendearedhimselfto thepeople.Unfortunately,theparishionersweregivennoopportunityof expressingtheirappreciationofhis workamongthem,sinceFatherHusseyreceivedonlyahurriedlast-minute noticeofanavailableberthonthe 'plane,andhadtomakehisdeparture atveryshortnotice.However,hecarrieswithhimthegoodwishesofthe manyhereintheWestwhomadehis acquaintanceduringthepastsixyears, andparticularlythoseassociatedwith himintheworkoforganisingCatholic ActionintheArchdiocese.

In1939whenHisGracecommission edtheDiocesanCouncilofCatholic Action,FatherHusseywasappointed DiocesanDirector.Thanksingreat parttohisuntiringenthusiasmandin. itiative,thedifficultspade-workofthe firstfewyearshasresultedinarapidly growingappreciationofthenecessity andaimsofCatholicAction,particularlyamongsttheyoungCatholicmen andintheschools. FatherHusseywasalsoChaplainto theCatholicLawnTennisAssociation, andSpiritualDirectoroftheCentral CounciloftheSocietyofSt.Vincent dePaul.

YOU'VEBARELYTIME, You'veverylittletimeleftinwhich togetaticketintheNo.101Charities Consultation,andwinthat£1,000first prize.Thereare503otherprizes.You mustheinifyouwanttowin.

12c414,0-lisonk

THE 'CitaCOM4S

-Rome

AsectionoftheancientCatacombs of_Rome,whereearlyChristianshid frompaganpersecutors,arenowbeing usedasairraidshelters.

Thedeepcatacombshelters,onthe borderofthecity'sbusinessandresidentialareas,havebeenstrengthened, fittedwithelectriclight,runningwater andfirst-aidposts.

Bluelightsinthestreetspointthe wayafterdark.

THATnewsiteminthePress broughtbackmemoriesofdays spentinthechillystillnessof thesehallowedcorridorsthathoneycombthefoundationsofRome.Jften atearlymorningwekneltatMassin thefrescoedchapelsasdidtheChristiansoftheImperialCityinthefirst century,slavesandsenatorswhohad knownPaul,Luke,PeterandMark. Thelowcandlesflickering,thequiet, thenowemptytiersofgravesall roundreachingfromfloortocieling, thewhisperedwordsoftheCanonof theMass,thepaintingoftheFractio Panisonthewallabove,andstillfresh incolourafterseventeenoreighteen centuries,thewholeatmosphereseemedtokeeprepeating:Itisthesame Faith,itisthesameFaith.

ThecatacombsofRomemakethat sameunforgettableimpressiononthe pilgrimasdoestheColosseum,orthe MamertirtePrison.Foritisthepilgrimratherthanthetouristhustling onaCook'sTour,wholivesonceagain withtheChristiansoftheApostolic age.Everyvisittothecatacombs becomesforhimauniqueexperience, bridgingthecenturiesthathavepass. ed.untilitseemsbutyesterdaythat tobeaChristianmeanttolivein constantfearoftorture,anddeath, moreoftenthannot.Dayandnight onelivedindreadofbetrayal,though whenitcame,somehoworother,one seemedtobegiventhecouragetoface evenmartyrdomonthesandsofthat greatstonepile,theColosseum.

Walkingdownthelongcorridorscut inthevolcanictufaofthesoilbeneathandaroundthecity,oneseems tobelivingofasuddeninthoseheroic days.Everythingissowellpreserv. eddespitethepassageandtheravages oftime.Thecolouredfrescoesonthe walls,thelittleterracottalampslying hereandthere,theinscriptionsonthe marbleslabsthatcoveredtheloculior gravesexcavatedfromthetufasides ofthegalleries,theoccasionalcarved sarcophagus,thestatuettesandmosaics,allliethereinthesubterranean Romeoftheageofthepersecutions justasifseventeenmonthsinsteadof seventeencenturieshadpassedsince theyhadlastbeenusedandseen.

Thedoctrinesthatweknowto-day asthesynthesisofCatholicismare there,depictedonwallsandceilings. TheEucharist,orBreakingofBread astheyspokeofitinthosedays,Baptism,theMass,thedoctrinesoftheIncarnation,theAscension,theResurrectionofChristandChristians,theEpiphany,theAnnunciation,somany scenesfromtheOldTestamentand theNew,andinnumerablesymbolsdoves,peacocks,lambs,anchors,monograms,basketsofBread,andtheFish thatrepresentedChrist. Notallwhowereburiedinthecatacombsweremartyrs,forthesegallerieswerethecemeteriesoftherapidly growingChristiancommunity.

TheRomanscrematedtheirdeadas arule,anddepositedtheashesina familytomborvault,buttheJews livinginRomeevenbeforetheadvent ofChristianityretainedtheirnative customsandmethodofburial.Soit wasthatJewishcatacombsappeared carvedinthestone-likestratumof tufaorvolcanicdepositaroundRome inimitationoftherockgravesofPalestine.ThereweretwolargecatacombsandseveralsmalleronesconnectedwiththeJewishcoloniesinthe city. UntilafterthedestructionofJerusalembyTitusinA.D.70,theChristians wereregardedasasectoftheJews, andtheearlyJewishconvertsofthe

Apostleswereburiedinthecatacombs oftheirfellow-countrymen.Butconvertsfromtheranksofpaganism,who wereeveninthedaysoftheApostles sometimesofthehighestnobility,had theirownprivatetombsinmanycases. TheypermittedtheirfellowChristians toconstruct,inconnectionwiththese familytombs,cemeteriesmodelledon theJewishcatacombs.Thisisthe originoftheChristiancatacombs,and inthecourseofthreehundredyears somefiftycatacombs,largeandsmall, formedawidecircleroundthecity, mostofthemwithinhalfanhour's walkofthecity-gate.Asarulea stairwayleadsbelowthesurfacetoa depthoffromthirty-threetoforty. ninefeetandevenmore.Fromthis pointdivergethegallerieswhichare fromtentothirteenfeetinheight, andseldombroaderthanwouldbe necessaryfortwograve-diggers,one behindtheother,tocarryabier.Side galleriesbranchofffromthemaincorridors,intersectingotherpassages. Fromthisoriginallevelorstorysteps leadtolowerlevelswherethereisa secondnetworkofgalleries,There arecatacombswhichhavethreeand evenfourstories,liketheCatacombof St.Sebastian.Thelabyrinthofgalleriesisincalculable,manyliestillunexcayatedandfilledwithrubbleand earthastheChristiansleftthemcenturiesagotoavoiddesecration.But itisestimatedthatifthepassages werestretchedinastraightlinethey wouldextendthelengthofItaly.In thesidewallsofthegallerieshorizontaltiersofgravesrise,asIhavesaid, fromthefloortotheceiling.The numberofgravesisestimatedattwo millions.Whenthebody,wrappedin cloths,withoutasarcophagus,was laidinthespotexcavatedforitinthe wallofthegallery,theexcavationwas closedwithamarbleslab,orsometimeswithlargetilessetinmortar.

To-daythemajorityofthegraves arefoundopen,theslabswhichonce sealedthemhavevanished,often nothingremainsoftheashesand bones.FromthetimeoftheEmperorConstantinewhentheChurchcame outofthecatacombs,andpersecutions wereatanend,temporarilyatleast, thecatacombsfellintodisuse,asit becamethecustomtolayoutcemeteriesaboveground.In410theGoths laidseigetoRome,plunderedthecity, pillagedthecatacombs,andwerefollowedbyVandalsandLombards.By thetwelfthcenturythecatacombs werecompletelyforgotten. In1578onewasaccidentallyrediscoveredontheViaSalaria,andsome interestwasstimulatedinthem.The realColumbusofthecatacombs,however,wasGiovanniBattistadeRossi, whodiedin1894,afterdevotingnearly fiftyyearsofhislifetotheirexplorationandthestudyofChristianantiquity.NowadaystheHolySeedevotesagrantofsomethousandsof poundsannuallytotheworkofexcavatingthecatocombs,whichissuperintendedbyaspecialcommission. TheexampleofRomehasstimulated thestudyofChristianantiquityand theexplorationandexcavationof catacombselsewhere.UnexpectedtreasuresofthefirstChristiancenturies havebeenrescuedfromoblivionin otherpartsofItaly,inFrance,Illyria, Greece,NorthAfrica,Egypt,Palestine,andAsiaMinor.

nowthelongdarkgalleriesare tobelitwithelectriclight,visitors willnolongerfollowtheguidewith lightedtaper,andfirst-aidpostswill beestablishedinthelittlechapels whereoncemartyrswereburied,and whichbranchedofffromthegalleries everynowandthen.Thehallowedsilencewillbebrokenbythechatter andgesticulationsofAntonioand MariafromtheCampagna,whilst Britishbombsburstoverhead.Itwould seemthatthatfirstloveofChristian forhisneighbourhaddiedwiththe ageofthecatacombs,anduntilweregainthespiritofthatheroicagethere neverwillbepeaceonearth,orloveforGodorman.

enrolledattheUniversity,shouldsend suchlistsatonce.Parentsshouldcooperatewithoureffortstosafeguard thefaithoftheirchildrenwhoare undergraduatesbyencouragingthem tobecomeactivemembersoftheNewmanSociety,whichmeetseveryfirst Tuesdayofthemonthat8p.m.in theRefectory.

Newman ociety

FIRSTGENERALMEETING.

OnlastTuesdayeveninganenthusiasticgatheringofstudentsdecidedto maketheNewmanSocietymorevigorousthanithasbeenforsomeyears. Thefineattendanceof'freshers'was mostencouraging,andtheymadetheir presencefeltbyelectingtothepresidencyoftheSocietyafellow-student, Mr.JohnCullity,anArtsstudent,resi dentatNedlands,andanoldboyof Aquinas.HeistheyoungestpresidenttheSocietyhaseverhad.in fillingothervacanciesmadebyofficials andcommitteemenjoiningthearmed forces,thestudentselectedMr.VincentTaylorastreasurer,andMessrs. McKennaandBurke,both"freshers: tothecommittee.

Theyearpromisestobeastudents' one,andthatisallforthebetter.The Societywillhaveanewbirthwithin theUniversity,andconcentrateallits energiesontheundergraduates.The year'sprogrammedecideduponincludesamonthlymeetingonthefirst Tuesdayofeachmonth;ofadinnerdanceduringsecondterm,andenclosedretreatsformenandwomeninSeptember.

TheChaplain'sAddress.

TheChaplain,theRev.Dr.McMahon, wasobviouslydelightedthatyouth hadcapturedtheSocietyfor1942.It wasthebestopeningmeetinghehad attendedforsomeyears.Inhisexperience,goingbackto1923,whenhe foundedtheNewmanSocietyinthe oldplaceinIrwin-street,thetragedies oflossoffaithwereinvariablydueto morallapses.Hecouldremember onlyonecaseduetointellectualdifficulties.Thereforetheimportanceof theannualenclosedretreatsforundergraduates.Whenchargesaremade againsttheChurch,directlyorindirectly,donotletthempass,nomatter whatprofessororlecturerorstudent makesthem.Ifyoucannotanswer themyourselves,rememberthatthere isananswer,fortheChurchcannot contradicttruth.Thechaplainappealedtothestudentstobringall suchquestionstohim,andhewould findtheanswers.Someofthemonth. lvlecturesmightbedevotedtoaQuestionBox.Hewouldcanvassapanel ofprieststocomedownhere,andtheywouldendeavourtoanswerstudents' questions,whichcouldhewrittenor spoken.

Dr.McMahoncontinuedthathewas neversatisfiedwithhisworkforthe students.Itshouldbeafulltimeappointment,preferablytoayoung priestattendinglecturesandsomixing withthestudentseveryday.Opportunitiesforfriendlychatsbetween priestandstudentareessentialifwe aretoholdallourstudentstothe practiceoftheFaith.Akindlyword ofwarninggiventoastudentasthey goorcomefromlectureswouldbean invaluableservicetoallundergraduates.Wheneverourcollegeatthe Universitycomes,itistobehoped thatsuchapriestwillbetheretoact asguideandfriendtoeverystudent.

Inthemeantime,Dr.McMahonhopedtosupplementhisinadequateservicebyformingwithintheSocietya praesidiumoftheLegionofMary, whosemissionwouldbetocompilea censusofallCatholicsattendingthe University,tocanvasstheirattendanceatthemeetingsoftheNewman Society,toworkunceasinglyforthe successoftheannualretreats,toshepherdbyawordoftimelyadviceastudentindangerofslippingfromthe Sacraments-inaword,todevote themselvesineverywaytotheCatholicstudentsattheUniversity.

Mr.N.Mulliean,presidentofthe PraesidiumcontrollingtheCatholir. Library,madeatellingappealbuilt upontheextraordinarygrowthoft.t.e LegionofMary.Threegirlsandfive boysvolunteeredtoformtheactive membersofthisnewfieldfortheLegionofMary.Alltheboysandtwoof thegirlsare"freshers"-amosthopeful sign.Thefirstmeetingwillbeheld thisSundayeveningat8p.m.,and theapostolicmissionofundergraduatestotheirfellowswithintheUniversitywillhavebegun.

Tofacilitatethecensustaking,we asktheCatholicparentswhosechildrenareattheUniversitytosend thenamestotheHon.Secretary,Mr. Alf.Taylor,TheUniversity,Crawley.

OurPupilsEnteringtheUniversity

ThechaplaintotheNewmanSociety,Rev.Dr.McMahon,hasreceiveda listofnamesandaddressesofpupils enteringtheUniversitythisyearfont theSuperiorsofAquinasCollege,St. Brigid's,Lesmurdie,andLoretoConventSwanbourne.Theothercolleges andhighschoolswhosepupilshave

REV.FATHERG.HUSSEY.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

By"RUN.'

SocialEvening.

Arrangementsarewellinhandrethe socialeveningtobeheldintheAssociationRoomsonTuesday,April21,at 8p.m.Thefunctionwillbe"somethingnewinentertainment,"andwill nodoubtprovemostsuccessful.Dancing,noveltyquizzs,competitions, musicandamateurtrialsareonlya fewoftheaddedfeatures.Admission isonlyoneshilling,andaspecialsupperwillbeprovided.Withproceeds beinginaidoftheAssociation'sWelfareFund,itisexpectedthattheattendancewillbelarge.Allmetropolitanclubsecretariesarethereforeurged toonceagainremindtheirmembersof thissocial,andtoimpressuponthem theirdutyinhelpingalongtheAssociation'sactivities.Byattendingyou willbedoingyourbitinhelpingthe W.A.C.L.T.A.inprovidinghampers andcomfortsforourboyswhoare servinginthefightingservices.Remember,Tuesday,April21!

MembersinFightingServices. Sometimeagoclubswereaskedto supplytheexecutivewithalistofthe namesoftheirmembersservingwith thefightingservices-Uptothepresentonlyabouthalfoftheclubshave doneso.Thisisveryunsatisfactory, asitwillbefromthiscompletedlist thatthe\VelfareFundCommitteewill arrangetheircomforts,etc.Clubs whohavebeenlaxareaskedtodo somethinginthisregardassoonospossible. AffiliationFees.

Clubsecretariesareremindedthat theirclub'saffiliationfeeofflls,and capitationfeesof2/6permember,are nowdue.Alsoacompletelistofthe namesandaddressesofeachmember

STALIN:AStudy

ContinuedfromPage5.)

omyintheU.S.S.R.Withtwcoand ahalftimesthepopulationofGermanyandwithfargreaterresources ofmanpowerandmaterial,industrialisedandorganised,RussiaisfarbetterabletowithstandtheGermanonslaughtthaninWorldWarI.Even thentheCzaristarmiesheldtheGermansforthreeyears.Itisobvious nowthatmilitarily,aswellassocially andeconomically,theSoviethasbeen anunknownquantitytotherestofthe world.Militarymanoeuvreshavealwaysbeenconductedwithouttheat tendanceofmilitaryattachesofforeign countries.Propaganda,forbothhome andforeignconsumption,hasbeen conductedwithconsummateskilland typicalthoroughness.Thepropaganda machinesofthemoderntotalitarian statesachievetheirendwithastoundingthoroughness,aninconceivable thoroughness,athome,andwithaterrifyingsubtletyabroad.

Inhisworld-wide"empire"ofthe ThirdInternational,Stalinisassecure asheissupremeandunassailableat home.Hesoevidentlytreatsthe rank-and-fileCommuniststhroughout theworldwithcalculatedcontempt. Heknowstheymaybeexpectedto swallowanything,astheydo.He leftthemstunnedandfloundering whenhesignedthenon-aggression pactwithHitler.Sheepishly,theyhad tochangetheirslogansonceagain whenHolyRussiawasinvadedand steam-rolledtotheMoscow-Leningrad linebytheNaziinvaders.The"antiimperialist"warbecamethe"antifascist"war,culturalrelationsbetween theSovietandthe"degenerate"democracieswereadvocated,thewareffortmustnowbepushedaheadat fullmeasure(thoughforoverayear andahalfofwareverythinghadbeen donetosabotagetheAlliedprogramme).LittleStalincaredfortke embarrassmentofhenchmenofthe greatforeignunderworld.Exasperated,theyobeyed,withthatunquestioningobedienceheknewhecould counton.Butsubtelvtheworkof theThirdInternationalgoeson,preparingwithsomethingoftheGeorgian'sownpatientinsistenceforthe revolutionplannedtofollowWorld WarII.

Doyouwishtohelpeducateapriest forworkinWesternAustralia?RememberSt.Charles'SeminaryEducationFundinyourwill.

oftheclubisrequiredbytheexecutive.

ST.KEVIN'SCLUB.

Theclub'shandicaptournamentis nowinitsfinalstages,themen'sand women'ssinglesfinalstakingplaceon Sunday. OnSaturdaynext(AnzacDay)a MintieTournamentwillbeheldinaid oftheAssociationWelfareFund.Entry feeis1/6,andaninvitationisextendedtoallmembersandtheirfriendsto participate.Thetournamentwill commenceat1.30p.m.sharp.

InSt.Joseph'sHall,onTuesday, April28,theclub,inconjunctionwith theChildrenofMaryandtheYoung Men'sClub,willholdanoveltysocial evening.Aspecialcombinedcommitteehasarrangementswellinhand, andtheypromisea"greattimeforall." AdmissionisfixedatIs.,andagrand supperwillbeprovided.

H.A.C.B.S.

OurLadyHelpofChristians'Branch, lastVictoriaPark.

Theattendanceatthelasttwomeetingsofthebranchhavebeensatisfactory,notwithstandingthefactthat somanyofourmembersarestillbeing calledupformilitaryserviceAnothernewmemberwasadmittedto membershipatthelastmeeting,and weareallurgedtosecureasmany newmembersaspossible.TheDistrictBoardwillbevisitingusonour nextmeetingnight,whichisonTuesday,April21,soallareexpectedto attend.Themeetingwillcommence at8pmanditisapoundnight.

Third Order ofSaint Francis

TheTertiariesofSt.Francisareremindedthattheweeklyluncheonof theFranciscanSocialClubwilltake placeeachThursdayintheCatholic TennisAssociationRooms,2nd.Floor, BactonHouse,Hay-street(over Corot's,nearGleddenBuildings).The luncheon,from1to2p.m.,willbefolowedbythesocialmeetingfrom2.30 to4p.m.Shorttalksonsubjectsof interesthavebeenarranged.

DateofOur ford's Birth S

ByJOHNHENNIG,Ph.D.

IntheExsultet,thecentralpartof theBlessingoftheFontonHolySaeurday,theChurchsingswithSt.Augustine,"0trulyblessednight,which alonewastprivilegedtoknowthe hourandthemomentwhenChrist roseagainfromthedead!" Wedonotknowthehourwhen Christrose,butthedayisclearfrom variousindicationsfoundintheGospels.Withregardtothebirthof Christ,thereexistsastrikingcontrast betweenthedetailedstatementmade bySt.Lukeconcerningtheyearand thecompletelackofinformationconcerningthedaywhenthisglorious eventtookplace.

TheancientChurchusedtocelebrateacommonfeastofthedifferent manifestationsofChristinHismortal nature,Hisbirth,theshowingtothe Magi,thebaptismintheJordanand thefirstmiracleatthemarriagein Cana.Thisfeastwascelebratedin thefirstdaysofJanuary.

Tothisday,theGospeloftheSundaywithintheOctaveoftheEpiphanyrelatesofJesusbeinginthe Templewhen12yearsofage,whilst theGospeloftheoctavedayison Christ'sbaptismandtheGospelofthe SecondSundayafterEpiphanyonthe marriageinCana.

Thetraditionofthefeastofthe EpiphanyonJanuary6goesbackto thesecondcentury.Originally,as Easterandallfeastsdependentthereonstillare,Epiphanywasofmovable date,beingcelebratedintheorderof thelunaryear,anordermoreclo,ely relatedtothecyclicalorderofthe seasonsthanisthesolaryear.

GasStoves,New,Enamel,E8/19/Onlyafewleft.Acceptoldstovepart payment.W.A.StoveCo.,559Welling ton-street.

DressandFashion

ADVANCENEWS ofgreatimportanceforout-of-town ShoppersforHEADLINES. MADELONMILLINERY NO.6PLAZAARCADE (MurraySt,End,opp.Boan,) PersonalSupervisionE.MURPHY

L.CHARLESWORTH, Dip.D.S. DENTALSURGEON. CLAREN1ONT-17BROWNST. Tel.F1717. SUBIACO-133ROKEBYROAD Tel.W1191.

A.F.CLARKE-F2483

LIC."A"GRADEELECTRICIAN. 17LILLIANSTREET,COTTESLOE. WHENINTHEDARK-RINGFOR CLARKE.

ALBANY

H.C.PriorFuneralDirector ALBANY(Established1921). PrivateMortuary.MotorVehicles, ChargesModerate. 'Phone215. Albany,Mt.Barker,Denmarkand Districts, NORTHAM. E.0.TRESISE, M.P.S.,S.A.andW.A. MANUFACTURINGAND DISPENSINGCHEMIST. ForServiceandQuality. Tel.:61Northam.

YES,wehaveNOwindows BUTWE'VESTILLGOTAmightyfinelotofWORSTEDS-TWEEDSandFANCY BLUES,infactthefinestlotto beseen-andwe'llstillmakeyou atailored-to-measure8

TheancientChristiansshrankfrom celebratingeventsofChrist'slifeas "anniversaries"ordaysofhistorical commemoration.Theyrathercelebratedthembyspiritualrepresentationintheperpetualcycleoftheseasons.Thereforeitdidnotmatter thateventsofdifferenthistoricaldate werecelebratedatthesamedaywhenevertheirspiritualsignificanceallowedofdoingso.Thusthefeaston January6wasdevotedtotherepresentationofthecentralmysteryof ourFaith.TheWordwasmadeflesh.

Inlateryearstheologianstriedto discovertheactualhistoricaldatesof theseevents.ClementofAlexandria relatesthataboutA.D.200theologians inEevntgaveastheiropinionthat thebirthofChristtookplaceinMay. Asimilartraditionhasbeentracedin veryancientcalendarsinGeorgia. Astronomersclaimedthatthestar whichguidedthewisemenfromthe EastwasSaturn,inconnectionwith Jupiter,appearinginthezodiacofthe fishandaccordinglyclaimedthatthe BirthofChristmusthavetakenplace betweenApril2andMay29ofthe yearA.D.7. Thisassertion,however, isbasedontheerroneousassumption thattheshowingtotheMagitook placeimmediatelyaftertheBirthof Christ.InotherpartsoftheChurch, suchasSyria,amidsummer-feastof theNativityofChristhasbeentraced.

In354,Christmasasaseparate feastwasinstitutedatRomeandassignedtoDecember25.ThemainreasonforthisdatewasthePope'sdesiretosupersedethepaganfeastof thewintersolstice.The"UnconqueredSun."thefeastofwhichwas celebratedonthisdate,wasregarded asasymbolofChrist.Moreover,a passagefoundinHippolyte'sCommentaryonDanielsaidthatChrist wasborn - onthesamedateonwhich theworldwascreated,andthewinter solsticewasfrequentlyregardedas thebeginningofthenaturalyear.

Anothertradition,attachedtoSt. John'sword:"Hemustincrease,I mustdecrease,"laidstressonthefact thatthefeastoftheNativityofSt. JohntheBaptistwascelebratedon thedateofthesummersolsticeand thataccordinglythewintersolstice wasthecorrectdateforChristmas. However,St.John'sfeastonJune24 isprobablyofmorerecentdatethan theinstitutionofChristmas. Theso-calledPhilocalianCalendar istheearliestdocumentwhichinthe beginningofthe4th.century,assigns ChristmastoDecember25.ThiscalendarrepeatsanearlierRomantraditionwhichclaimstogobacktoPope Telesphorus(diedA.D.128),whose feastisstillcelebratedontheVigil oftheEpiphany.Infact,inthe3rd. centurySextusJuliusAfricanushad statedthattheConceptiontookplace onMarch25andthataccordinglythe BirthofChristshouldbecelebrated onDecember25. TheseparationofChristmasfrom Epiphanywaswelcomednotonlyin theWesternChurch.Infact,the newfeastinstitutedbyRomespread quicklyintheEast,tothepatriarchal seesofConstantinople,Antioch,and Alexandria,whileJerusalemforalong timekepttheancientfeastonJanuary6exclusively,becausehereon December25anancientlocalfeastof St.Davidwascelebrated.Attheend ofthe4th.centuryChristmaswascelebratedonDecember25throughoutthe Church.ThedateofChristmaswas nevercontested. Thegeneralacceptanceofthisinstitution,madebythePope,becameone ofthegreattestimoniesoftheacknowledgmentofthepapalauthority oftheancientChurch.

SUBSCRIPTIONRATES.

COUNTRYSUBSCRIBERS. OursubscriptionisVERY SMALL,andwepayfreight oneway.Subscriptions:2 Books,8/6quarterly;30/yearly.4Booksweekly,14/6 quarter:52/-yearly.Our CataloguePOSTFREE.

LIBRARYFORBOYSAND GIRLS. Subscriptionsfrom4/6quarterly,1Book.Ahostofinteresting,illuminatingandentertainingbooksforallages fromfourtosixteenyears. Letyourboysandgirlslearn tochoosetheirownreading: Fiction,Travel,Biography, RomanticHistory,Applied Science,Adventure.These bookshavebeenselectedwith careandareconfidentlyrecommended.Callinand delveonthebookshelveswith yourchildren.

SECONDFLOOR

FREE.

CITYANDSUBURBAN

SUBSCRIBERS.

1Book,5/6quarterly(which entitlesyoutofirstedition copies),17/6yearly. 2Books,8/6quarterly;27/6 yearly.

3Books,11/6quarterly;35/yearly. Thesebooksmaybechanged asoftenasdesired.

BOOKCLUBFORBOYS ANDGIRLS.

BoysandGirlsofallages, fromfourtosixteen,willwant tojoinBOANSBookClub, Ifyourchildrenarenotalreadymembers,surprisethem withasubscription.They willlearnself-relianceby choosingtheirownreading' fromthewell-stockedshelves ofFiction,Adventureand EducationalSubjects.All bookshavebeencarefullyselectedbyexperts,andare thoroughlyrecommended.

MURRAYST.END.

Hibernian-AustralasianCatholicBenefitSociety BUTBZNINITIIFORLOWESTCONTRIBUTIONS.

DEATHBENEFIT.-L50,age16andunder20,4/10quarterly;£100,7/2quarterly.20yearsandunder23, 5/3qr.;£100,

yrs.andunder30,

£100,9/2qr. Membersupto51accepted.AlsoSickness,MedicalandHospitalBenefits. J.EDWARDS,GrandSecretary,WestAustralianChambers,St.George'sTerrace,Perth. Tel.:87801.

BunburyNotes

BlackoutTime-TablefortheWinter.

Wehavenowhadeveningdevotions onSundaysat4.30p.m.forovera month.Theattendancehasbeendefinitelybetterthanattheoldtimeof 7.30p.m.,butthisdoesnotsaythatit isanythinglikesatisfactory.Itis not;butthereisahopethatmore peoplewillconsidertheirpresenceat eveningdevotionsasanormalpartof Sunday.

ConfessionsonSaturdayevenings remainaproblem,asthehighposition ofourchurchmakesitimperativeto haveitblackedoutifusedafterdark, andthereisnochanceofdoingthisto thesixty-fourwindowsoftheedifice. Wethereforeappealtothepeopleto comeearlierduringdaylight.

RosaryandBenedictionisheldon Thursdayeveningsat7.30p.m.atthe ChapelofSt.JohnofGod'sHospital. Evacuation.

EvacuationfromBunburyhasbeen noticeable.ManyCatholicfamilies haveleftandtheSacredHeartBoardingSchoolispracticallyempty,inadditionsomesixtypupilshavegone fromourday-schools.

Rev.FatherLynch,DiocesanDirectorofSacredMusic,hasbeenherefor afewdays,andahardworkingman hehasbeen,althoughtheschoolsare notatfullstrength.Hehasdeclared himselfverypleasedindeedwiththe fineGregorianChantrevealedbythe MercyConventCommunityandtheir pupils.

Finance.

Justnowwearewonderinghowto makepreparationstoraisemoneyto meetinterestontheSchoolDebt.Althoughdifficultiesarise,wecannotimaginethattheywillnotbeovercome bythegoodchurchworkerswhomanageyearinandyearouttomeetour obligations.SouthBunburypeople haveworkednon-stopforwellover twelvemonths,andtheBunburyCatholicscannotlookonmuchlonger withouttakingpart. HolyNameSociety.

AfairattendancewasatthemonthlyHolyCommuniononthesecond Sunday.Dutieskeptanumberaway

TrottingSelections

BY"THEHAWK"

GLOUCESTERPARK.

Saturday,April18,1942.

WA.Breeders'Handicap:Garron Head,1;BalgayJim,2;JackieDonald,3. SwanbourneHandicap:PearlScott, 1;KwobrupBelle,2;FayWinwood,3. MelvilleHandicap:BrightBird,1; LadyCynthia,2;EarlWhips,3. NorthamHandicap:LeeTennessee, 1;EugowraLady,2;SirRaymond,3. PerthHandicap:LouisAgain,1; MissMurchison,2;SilverEmblem,3. CunderdinHandicap:MasterWhips, 1;JennyDerby,2;ChildeWirra,3. GeraldtonHandicap:Nujoi,1;Lord Sheik,2;RedRunner,3.

whowouldwishtobepresent.

Mr.N.C.Wood,azealousprefect, hasbeenseriouslyillinSt.John's Hospitalforsometime,buthasnow greatlyimproved,andwillsoonbe aboutagain.

SundayMasses.

St.Patrick'sChurch.730and9.30. PICTON.

Wearegladtobeabletoreportan increaseinthenumberofCatholicsat Picton,enablingustohaveMass fortnightly,whichismuchappreciated. DEATHS.

McKINNON,HELENAFRANCES.-

OnMarch22,suddenly,atSt.John ofGodHospital,Subiaco,lovingonly daughterofJohnandHelenaMcKinnon.R.I.P.

O'GRADY.-Ofyourcharity,prayfor thereposeofthesoulofMichael, dearlylovedhusbandofthelate MarcellaO'Grady,andbeloved fatherofJames,Marcella,Leonard (Pantapin),Irene(Pantapin),Rupert(Perth),lovedbrother-in-lawof MaryO'Donnell.DiedApril4,1942. R.IP.

SweetHeartofJesus,havemercyon hissoul.

INMEMORIAM.

MURPHY.-Inlovingmemoryofmy dearhusband,Michael,whodepartedthislifeApril19,1936.

Tomeetinheaven, Howsweetthethought, Whenlifelongyearehavefled. NomoretoweepNomoretopart, Tomeetinheavenatlast.

-Insertedbyhissorrowingwife, Christine.

McAULIF)FE.-Inlovingmemoryof ourdearmother,AgnesTeresa,who diedApril16,1939. Eternalrestgranther,0Lord.Our LadyoftheRosary,prayforher. Everrememberedbyherlovingsons anddaughters.

MACKNAY.-Sacredtothememory ofourdearKath.,whopassedaway April19,1938.

SweetJesus,havemercyonhersoul.

-Insertedbyherlovingmother, brotherandfamily.

ONEILL.-Inlovingmemory of Gladys(SisterMarySt.Martha(, whodiedonApril18,1938. Toodearlylovedtobeforgotten. -Insertedbyhereverlovingmother, fatherandsister.

VINER.--Inlovingmemoryofour dearNellie,whodiedonApril18, 1938. ImmaculateHeartofMary,your prayersforherextol 0,SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy onhersoul. SadlyMissed.

-Insertedbyherlovingparentsand sisters.

WILLIAMSON.-Inlovingmemoryof ourdearwifeandmother,Catherine, whopassedawayApril19,1941. SacredHeartofJesus,havemercy onhersoul.

CousinMarriages

*TheChurch'sProhibitionand theReasonWhy

EveryCatholicperiodicalwhichconductsaquestion-and-answerdepartmentisfrequentlyconsultedaboutthe consequencesofmarriagesbetweenrelatives.Thisisanoldproblem.The childrenofAdamandEvewereconfrontedbyit.Andevidentlyitis stillcausingworry,unhappinessorat leastspeculationamongmanyto-day.

Atypicalmarriagequestion:

"Dear amagirl20yearsof age.Iaminlovewithayoungman twoyearsmysenior.Weareengagedtobemarried,butrecentlyhave realisedthatwearerelatedtoeach other.Mygrandfatherandhisgrandmotherwerebrotherandsister,which makesussecondcousins.Inother words,wearerelatedinthethirddegreeofconsanguinity.Ourfolksare perfectlywillingthatwebemarried, butoneofmyneighbourstoldmethat marriagesofrelatives'don'tturnout well.'Shesaidthatchildrenofsuch marriagesareoftensubnormal.Is thereanytruthinthatstory?We knowofacoupleonanear-byfarm whoareconsins,andtheyhavethe loveliestchildrenimaginable.The childrenareallhealthyandarevery brightinschool.Pleaseadviseus onthisproblem,whichisworryingus verymuch."

WhatisthelawoftheChurchin thiscase?Itdefinesconsanguinityascommunityofbloodbetweentwo ormorepersons,andgivesrulesfor calculatingitsdegrees.Itissufficientheremerelytodistinguishbetweenbloodrelationsinthedirect andinthecollateralline.Inthedirectlineonepartyderiveslifefrom theother:forexample,afatherand daughterarerelatedinthedirectline becausethedaughterhasderivedher lifefromherfather.Inthecollateral linethetwopartieshaveacommon ancestor;forinstance,abrotherand sisterarerelatedinthecollateralline becausetheybothhaveacommonancestorineitherparent.

Inthecasementionedintheletter therelationshipofthetwopartiesis correctlystate4.Theyarerelated inthethirddegreeofthecollateral line.Theyaresecondcousins.Church lawstatesthatmarriagebetween blood-relativesisforbiddeninevery degreeofthedirectline,andtothe thirddegreeinclusivelyofthecollateralline.Therefore,thisrelationshipiswithintheforbiddendegreesof marriage.

Ifyouweretoasktheaveragepersonwhycloserelatives,likebrother andsister,shouldnotmarry,hewould tellyouthat"itwouldn'tberight, that'sall."Andhewouldhecorrect. ButtheChurchgoesfurtherandpresentsuswithmoral,socialandphysiologicalreasonstoconvinceusthat suchmarriagesarenotright.Inthe moralorder,thefirstreasonwhythe

WHATisCHIROPRACTIC?

"Chiropracticisadruglessmethodof healingandisbaseduponthescientific factthatthesoftnerves,astheyescapefromthelateralopeningsofthe spine,frequentlybecomeimpingedby comingincontactwithhardbone; hencepathologicalchangestakeplace attheterminationofthenerve.The spineisthekeytotheentiresituation regardingthemaintenanceofhealth ontheonehandortheestablishment ofdiseaseontheother,andisthemost vitalandimportantthinginthewhole anatomicalstructure."

-AlfredWalton,M.D.,Harvard.

rChurchprohibitstheintermarriageof closerelativesisbecausesuchunions wouldviolatethereverencedueto one'sownkin.Thereisanatural repugnancetosuchmarriages,even amongprimitivenations.

Anotherreasoninthemoralorder forsuchlegislationliesintheneedfor preservingpurityofmoralsbetween closerelatives.Bynecessity,membersofafamilyandothercloserelativeslivetogether,orseeoneanother frequently.Iftheycouldregardone anotherasmarriageprospects,manywouldinevitablybecomeseriousoccasionsofsinforoneanother.

Thereasonsdrawnfromthesocial orderfortheprohibitionofmarriage amongcloserelationsflowfromthe verynatureofmatrimony:thefact, namely,thatmarriagehasbeeninstitutedforthesocialgoodofmankind. Sanchez,theclassicalauthorityonthe SacramentofMatrimony,writes:"It isbecomingthatmanenterintomarriageinsuchwiseastoservethecommongoodofsociety.Sincemanis bynatureapolitically-socialanimal, heshoulduniteinthattypeofmatrimonywhichpromotesthesocial-politicalgoodoftheState.Hence,he shouldnotmarryrelativesbecausehe isboundtothemalreadyincloseties ofbloodandaffection."Tothismay headdedthewordsofSt.Augustine, whosereasonforprohibitingunions betweencloserelativesisthis,namely,thenecessityofincreasingthe numberoffriends."Whenaman takestowifeonewhoisoutsideofhis ownfamily,allthewife'sblood-relationsbecomeboundtohimbyaspecialtieoffriendship,asiftheywere hisown."

Afinalandphysiologicalreason givenforthenecessityoftheimpedimentofconsanguinityisthedanger thatchildrenbornofblood-relatives willhe^h,-sicallydefective.

Eugenicsisa"sciencewhichaimsat bystudyingthefactorswhichaffect bodilyandmentalhealthwithaview totheencouragementofthebeneficial andtheeliminationoftheharmful." Theforerunnersofthissciencewere Mendel,aCatholicmonk,andGalton, thefamousEnglishscientist.

Unfortunately,someoftheprominenteugenistsofourtimesdonotsee eyetoeyewiththeChurch.Their teachingsarevitiatedwithsuchunsavoryassumptionsasthefollowing: thathumanbeingsaremerelyanimals:thattheimprovementofhumanitycanheeffectedbystockbreedingmethods:thatheredityis everything:thatfreewillcanbeignored:thatintelligenceandeconomic successmeansgreatness,andthatthe supernaturaldestinyofmancanbe ignored.Naturally,wecondemntheir programmeofeliminatingtheunfit fromsocietybybirthcontroland sterilisationbecauseitisimmoraland unpatriotic.Intheirpositiveaims ofimprovingtheracewecommend themaslongastheyuseethical means.Moreover,weremindthem thatthedoctrinalandmoralteachings oftheChurchistheforceparexcellencefortheimprovementofthe humanrace.

Withthispreambleandtheseprecautionsaresubmittedthefollowing questionsofmoderneugenistsoncousinmarriages.Whenparentsbeget childrentheyeachtransmittotheoffspringphysicalcharacteristics.Thus thechildistherecipientofgoodand badtraitsofthefamiliesofbothhis parents,whichtheyinturnhadreceivedfromboththeirparents.When theelementswhichcarrytheheridity uniteinachildtheycombineinvariouscombinationswithvariedresults. Forexample,thecharacteristicsofone parentmaydominateinthechildto theexclusionofthecharacteristicsof theotherparent.Ifthesecharacteristicsaredesirableones,thechildi, fortunate.Ifthetraitsareundesirable,thechildishandicappedaccordingly.Inotherinstancesthegood andbadtraitsinheritedmayneutraliseeachother,leavingnovisibleresultsinthechild.Itismaintained thatdefectssuchascongenitaldeafness,congenitalblindness,feeblemindedness,epilepsyandsometypesofinsanitymaybetransmittedbyheredityfromgenerationtogeneration. Thesedefectsmayremaindormantor recessiveforgenerationsaslongas theyareoverbalancedbystrongdesirablecharacteristics.

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old,andIliveona farm,whichistwomilesfromthenearestschool.Thecountrynearourplace isverypretty,andinthespringwe havesomelovelywildflowers.Please sendmeaprickcardfortheBushies, andIwilltrytofillitinquickly. JOAN.

DearJoan,-Iamalwayspleasedto hearfromnewmembers.Itmakes mymailsomuchmoreinterestingto findsomefreshnamesinit.Iamsendingyoutheprickcard,andIamsure thatyouwillfillitininrecordtime.I wonderifyouhaveanymorefriends whowouldliketobecomeCornerites? wouldmakethemverywelcome.

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* * * *

DearAuntBessy,-Isupposeyou thinkIhaveforgottenallaboutyol, butIwon'teverdothat.Ihavebeen awayonaholidaytomycousin'sfarm andIhadalovelytime.Iuse./to feedthechickensandthecalvesevery morning,andoneday,Ihelpedmy cousinmakethebutter.Iwon'tforgetyouinthefuture,andIwouldlike youtosendmeaprickcard. BETTY.

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me,andIamsurethatyouwillnever dothat.Iwouldliketohearfrommy otheroldfriends,whohavenotwritten forsometime.Iamsendingyouyour prickcard,Betty,andIhopethatI willhearagainfromyou.

AUNTBESSY.

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WHYTHEKOOKABURRA

111111Lattg,hs

Adoctorhadbeencall'sdtosee manwhowasveryil! Hrexamined him,andsaidtothenurse:

"Youmustwatchthecasevery closelythroughthenightandtellme allthesymptomswhenIcomebackin themorning."

Themanbecameworseinthenight, andtalkedalotofnonsenseinhis fever.

Whenthedoctorreturnedinthe morning,hesaidtothenurse:

"Tellmeexactlywhathappened afterIleft."

"Youwerehardlyoutoftheroom," shebegan,"whenhesaid:'Whendid thatoldidiotsayhewascoming backagain?'Thosewerethelast sensiblewordsthepatientspoke."

* C * *

Employer(toapplicantforaposition,whohashandedintestimonials fromtwoministers):"Wedon'twork onSundays.Haven'tyouareference fromsomeonewhoseesyouonweek days?" * * * *

Cross-eyedJudge(toFirstPrisoner): "Whatareyouupfor,myman?"

SecondPrisoner:"Hotisebreaking, yerhonor."

Cross-eyedJudge:"Iwasn'tspeaking toyou."

ThirdPrisoner(nervously):"Inever saidnothing." * * * *

Critic:"Youhavemadeyourhero toohot-headed,I'mafraid."

BuddingWriter:"Howdoyou mean?"

Critic:"Well,hehasalanternjaw tobeginwith.Andhiswholefacelit up.Hischeeksflamed;hegavea burningglance;then,blazingwith wrath,headministeredascorchingrebuke.* * * *

"Come,come,myman.Youhave beenlookingaroundalongtimewithoutbuying.Whatdoyouwant?"

"GuessIwantanotherfloorwalker," statedthegentlemanaddressed."I'm theownerofthisoutfit." * * *

Biggs(tocabman):"Whatwillyou chargetotakemeandmywifeto Blank'sHotel?"

Cabman:"Twoshillings,sir."

Biggs:''Andhowmuchfortaking mealone?"

Cabman:"Thesame-twoshillings."

Biggs(tohiswife):"There,mydear, youseehowmuchyouarevaluedat." *

"Mydaughtersprangfromalineof peers,"saidaproudfather.

"Well,"saidhersuitor,"Ionce jumpedoffadockmyself."

Onemorningacountryphysician wasdrivingthroughavillagewhenhe sawamanamusingacrowdofspectatorswiththeanticsofhistrained dog.Thedoctorwatchedforawhile andthensaid:"Mydearman,howdo youmanagetotrainyourdogthat way?Ican'tteachmineasingle trick."

Themanlookedup,andinasimple, rusticmannerreplied:

"Well,yousee,it'sthisway,guv'nor: youhavetoknowmore'nthedogor youcan'tlearnhimnothin'."

TheMudtownAmateurDramatic Societywasholdingitsfieldnight.One oftherecently-joinedmembershad beenallottedapartwithexactlyone sentence,Hewastheheadsman,and, arrayedinallthegloryofblacktights andmaskhestrodeonthestage.

"Mylord,mylord,Ihavebeheaded themaid!"hecried.

"Oh,youhave,haveyou?"asked Melkins,whosepartwasthatofthe cruelking."Well,then,letmetell youthatyou'vespoiledthewholeshow. You'vedoneittwoactstoosoon!"

* * * *

Inacityschooltheteacherwas readingtoherclassShelley's"Odetoa Skylark."

Totesttheintelligenceofherpupils sheaskediftheycouldputintodifferentwords,expressingthesamemeaning,theline,"Hailtothee,blithespirit -birdthouneverwert."

Anarmshotupfromthebackrow.

"Well,Johnny,letushearhowyou wouldputit."

"Hi,cocky.Youain'tnoblinkin' bird."

* * *

"Whatdoesthismean,'UnderEntirelyNewManagement'?That'sthe sameoldmanagerthere."

"Yes,sir,'repliedthewaiter,"but he'smarriedagain."

Patienceisgenerallydepictedona monument.Itoughttobedepicted onthebannsofariver,withafishing. rodinitshand,andanemptybasket byitsside.Anexampleofsuchpatience-adiminutiveexample-was approachedtheotherdaybyapedestrian,whostoodregardingthelittle urchinwithinterest.

"Well,mylittleman,"observedthe pedestrianatlast,"andwhatareyou fishingfor?"

"Sharks,"saidthelittleboy.

"Sharks?"exclaimedthepedestrian. "Butsurelytherearenosharksinthat smallpool?"

Thelittleanglerlookedbored.

"Thereain'tnothin'inthispool,"he repliedwearily,"soImightaswellfish forsharks!"

* * * *

Customer:"Willthatnewkindof collaryouadvertisemakemelooklike thatfellowinthead?"

Assistant:"Well,itmight."

"Thenletmelookatyourother styles,please."

* * *

Alady,returninghomefroman eight-yearsojourninEurope,decided torevisitherchildhoodhometosee 'hermarriedbrotherwhostilllived there.Shewasmetatthedoorbya smallboywhomsherightlypresumed tobehernephew.

"Whoareyou?"hedemanded.

"Iamyourauntonyourfather's side,"sheexplained.

"Well,youcancomein,"hesaid, "butifthere'sarowon,you'llfind you'reonthewrongside!"

Jinks:"IbetyouIcanlookinto youreyeswithoutlaughinglonger thanyoucanlookintomine."

Hinks:"Well,Ibetyoucan,too. Thinkhowmuchfunnieryourfaceis thanmine."

* * *

"Youradvertisementssaidthatthis roomhadaheavenlyoutlook,"complainedthenewtenant.

"Well,andain'titgotaskylight?" saidthelandlady.

* * *

"Justthink,'saidtheconceited heavyweightboxer,"thousandsoflis. tenerswilltuneintothisfighttonight."

"Yes,"shoutedthemanager,"and they'llknowtheresultatleastten secondsbeforeyouwill."

* * * Inthemiddleofthestreamoftraffic thebabycarwentonstrike.After fiddlingaboutunderthebonnet,the ownerstartedcrankingup,allhotand bothered.

Viciouslyheturnedthestarting. handleroundandround.Stillnothing happened.

Atlastthepatienceofthenext driverinline-alorryman-gaveout.

"'Ere,guv'nor,"heshouted,"why don'tyoubuyoneofthoseeight-day ones?"

* * * *

Thedoctorwaspuzzled.

"Yououghttobeprettywellby now,"hesaid."Haveyoucarriedout myinstructions?"

"Well,Doctor,"saidthepatient, "I'vedonemostofthem,butIcan't takethetwo-milewalkeverymorning thatyouordered.Igettoodizzy."

"Whatdoyoumean-`dizzy'?" askedthedoctor.

"Well,"saidthepatient,"Imust haveforgottentotellyou.I'ma lighthouse-keeper."

* * * *

Anoldcoupleonholidaywenttoa music-hall.Amongthe"turns"wasa snakecharmerwho,attheconclusion ofhisperformance,invitedanyperson intheaudiencetocomeontothestage andattempttheartofsnake-charming.

Muchtotheoldman'ssurprise,his wifegotup,wentontothestage,and showedthatsheknewsomething aboutthebusiness.

Thatnighttheoldfellowwasunusuallyquiet,andatlastcameout with:"Itdoesseemstrange,mydear, tothinkthat,beingmarriedallthese years,Ishouldhavebeenunaware thatyoucouldcharmsnakes.How wasitthatyounevertoldme, Maria?"

Theoldwomanblushed,andthen said,coyly:"Why,John,younever askedme!"

* * *

AmanwasrunningalongtheStrand shoutingatthetopofhisvoice:"No! No!Certainlynot!"

Apolicemanstoppedhimandsaid, "Here,you,what'stheidea?"

"It'sallright,officer,"wasthereply. "I'ma'Yes'manonholiday."

* *

Twoofficeboyswerediscussingbusiness. "Haveyougotagoodjob?"asked one.

"Yes,"camethepromptreply."I cangettotheofficeanytimeIchoose beforenine,andleavejustwhenI pleaseaftersly."

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smellsthesame,andtastesthesame, andvet,theybelievethatwhatthey receivehasonlytheaccidentalsof bread,foritssubstanceisHisBody throughthemysteryofTransubstantiation,thatis,thechangingofthe substanceofbreadintoHisBodyand Blood,intoHimself.Howdelighted theyarethattheydidnotfollowthose whodoubtedHimatCapharnaum! Andtheirjoyknowsnoboundswhen HiswordscommissionthemtocontinuethismysteryofTransubstantiation:''Dothisforacommemoration ofMe."

InafewmomentstheArchbishop willobeythatcommandandthemysteryofTransubstantiationwilltake placeuponthealtar.Andalittle lateryouwillmoveuptotherailsand therereceivefromHisGracewhatthe ApostlesreceivedfromtheHandsof JesusChristHimselfattheLastSupper-HisFleshtoeatandHisBlood todrink.

DoWeActAsMenWhoReally Believe?

WhyhaveIbroughtyou,Universitymenandwomen,backthrough thosesceneswithwhichyouareso familiar?Because,nomatterhow oftenwemeditateuponthem,wecan neverexhaustthewealthofmeaning beneaththeirsimplewords.Theimportantquestionwemustaskourselvesis:Dowegivetothemysteryof transubstantiationanotionalrather thanarealconsent?Doesthisdogma ofourfaithdirectandguideour thoughts,enlightenandsustainour wayoflife?WebelieveHiswords thatHisfleshismeatindeedandHis bloodisdrinkindeed.Thenwhyare wesoreluctanttoreceiveHim?Why aretheresuchlongintervalsbetween ourCommunions?Whyareweso sparingwiththisDivinediet?Unlikeourordinaryfoodwhichweabsorb intoourbodies,thisheavenlyfood willabsorbus,for"hethateatethMe thesamealsoshalllivebyMe." WeareimpatientwithThomas,but howdoweacttowardstheRealPre-

sence?Howmanyofusmakethe efforttovisitHimdaily?Whyis theresuchawidegapbetweenourbeliefandourconduct?Howoften duringthecourseofthedayatour lecturesattheUniversity,inourprofessionaloffices,atworkandatplay, dowecastbackourthoughtstoHim waitingforusinourparishchurches?

Wereitonlytowhisperthewordsof Thomas:"MvLordandmyGod,"how differentlyweshouldliveweresuch ourdailypractice! Inthisournationalcrisisourminds arefullofanxieties,andournerves arefrayed.Wefeelthatacloudof uncertaintyhangsoverourbeloved land,andbehinditlurksasecretclangertoourhomesandtoouraltars. Couldwedragthishiddenmenace intotheopenwecouldfaceitsquarely.Butbecausewedonotknow whenandhowitmaystrike,orwhat itshalldotousorhowweshallreact, wearerestlessanduneasy.Whatcan bringasenseofcalmnesstous?The thoughtoftheRealPresenceinour tabernaclesisasourceofstrengthand courageandconfidence.Thatthought willinspireustodomorethanweare doingforthewareffort.Doingour hestinwhatevercapacitywearecalledupon,weshallbehappyinleaving therestinHishands.Thepasthas gonetoHimandthefutureisallHis Thepresentisours.Thereforeweshall notpanicaboutto-morrow.Eachday weshallcomeandkneelbeforeHim, notsayingmanyverbalprayers,just listeningin,garneringthewisdomof thosebeautifulwordsofDante"In Hiswillisourpeace.-Thatcalmresignationwillaccompanyusaswe workamongorfellows,andwecan spreaditsinfluenceamongthemany whohavenosuchbeliefintheReal Presence.That,perhaps,maybefor usamajorcontributiontoournation atwar.

Letusbeginatoncetobuildupa dailypracticeofdevotiontotheReal Presence,anddownuponuswillcome thosewordsofpromisespokenintoday'sMass:"Blessedaretheythat havenotseenandhavebelieved.-

NineWorldWarChaplains AreNowU.S.Bishops

ThenamingofFatherO'Connoras BishopofSuperiorbringstoatotalof ninethenumberofWorldWarIChaplainswhohavebecomemembersofthe hierarchy.Theyare:Archbishop Mitts',SanFrancisco;BishopDesmond,ofAlexandria,La.:BishopFitz. Simon,Amarillo;BishopMatthew Brady,Hartford;BishopEustace,Camden;BishopGarriga,CorpusChristi: BishopAlbers,Lansing.BishopO'Hara ofKansasCityandBishopWalshof Charleston,servedasK.C.chaplains. Bishop-electO'Connorenlistedasa haplaininJune,1917,andwasassigned toCalvaryregimentoftheWisconsin U

NationalGuard,whichlaterbecame the120th.fieldartilleryofthe57th. brigadeofthe32nd.division.HeservedatCampDouglasandCampMcArthur,Texas,beforethedivisionwas senttoFrance,whereitwasunderfire for95days.

ChaplainO'Connorwasdecorated withtheFrenchCroixdeGuerrefor braveryshownintherescueofa woundedofficeroftheFrenchLegion.

InDecember,1918,hewaspromoted tochaplaincyofthedivision.Hewas dischargedMay30,1919,atCamp Upton,N.Y.,asCaptain.