The Record Newspaper 29 January 1943

"Taste Tells"

Johnston's SAUSAGES and FRANKFURTS

3,009. PERTH,THURSDAY,JANUARY29,1943.

PATRIOTISM&CATHOLICS

ExaggeratedNationalism PreventsInternationalPolity

ChristianConceptBasedonSupernatural

Thefollowinglucidstatementonthe moralaspectsofPatriotismwasmade recentlyinEirebyRev.J.Canavan, S.J.:Patriotism,hesaid,isadifficultsubjecttodiscussinacalm,analytical mannerbecauseittreatsofideaswhich giverisetostrongemotions.Sincere patriotismbyitsverynaturemustbe anactiveforceinfluencingeachone's conducttowardsforeignStatesinpeace andwar.Itisavitalstudyincontrasttosuchabstract,unemotionalmat tersasmetaphysicsorthehighermathematics.

Manydefinitionshavebeengiven0` thewordspatriotismandpatriot,which seemtohavesufferedfromacertain distortionofmeaningveryoften. SamuelJohnson'sdefinitionofpatriotismas"thelastrefugeofascoundrel" recallsthatevenbeforehistimethe words"truepatriot"or"goodpatriot"

werealwaysusedasiftoavoidambiguity.Thepaganuseofthewordsis muchinevidenceto-day,andevenCatholicshavebecomeinfectedwiththe corruptconnotationswhicharebacked byforceofarmsandpropaganda.Any validdefinitionofpatriotismmustincludethesupernatural,because,while patriotismteachesustoloveourfatherland,itmustalsoallowustoloveour enemies.

Loveofone'sfatherlandmeansmore thanamereattachmenttoageographicalhabitat.Itpresupposestheexistenceofanation,andanationisa humanrealitybecauseitisacomplex ofhumanfamilies,Nationhoodinvolvessomeidentityofaffinityofrace, butitisnotconstitutedbyracealone; itisnotasupernaturalrealityand thereforeisnotabsoluteinitsvalues. Neitherfatherlandnornationcanbe

Evacuation,ForKeeps

DecentralisationandtheRuralProblem

Undertheaboveheading,"Rural Life,"officialorganoftheNational CatholicRuralMovement,hasthefollowingpertinentcomment:

"Inthatparticularlycrazysection oftheworldwhichiscalledtheCommonwealthofAustraliawearewitnessingoneofthecraziestthingsthat haseverhappened.Thousandsof countrypeoplehavecomedowntothe citytoengageinmunitionsproduction. Nowthousandsofcitypeopleareplanningtogotothecountrytovoidthe horrorsofaerialbombaldmenc.

"Goodenoughtobeincludedina twentiethcentury'AliceinWonderland.'

"IntheMiddleAges,whenfromthe militarypointofviewtherewasno dangerinhavinglargenumbersof peopleconcentratedtogetherinlarge cities-becausethebombing'planewas notinvented-peoplehadenoughsense toappreciatealltheotherreasonsfor livingonthelandorinverysmall ruraltowns.

"To-day,whenartilleryandairpower literallyfeedonthehugeswathesof

deathwhichtheycancutoutofthicklypopulatedareas,Australianswith thewisdomofrabbitsconcentratetogetherasthicklyaspossiblesoasto presentthebestpossibletargetfor Japanesefire.

"Thenwhenthingshavegotinto suchapassthatwhateverhappenstremendousdamagemustbecausedifattackactuallycomes,weevacuatethe womenandchildren-orwetalkof evacuatingthem-tosavethemfrom theworstresultsofourcrassstupidity.

"Wecan'tsavethemfromallthe resultsofthatimbecility,since,atthe best,evilmustcomefromtheseparationoffamilieswhichevacuationinvolves.

"Inthemidstofthiscrazypicture, thereisonelessonwhichmustbehammeredintotheveryheartoftheAustralianpoeple:

"Australiamustdecentralise!The evacuationmustbepermanent!

"Thispolicyisdemandedbythe long-rangeinterestsofAustralia,'but itisnotthesealonewhichmustbe kertinmind.Ifthewareffortis

referredentirelytoraceorgeographical frontiers,yetbothmusthavetheseas amaterialbasis.Inadditiontheyhave aspiritualelementinvolvingadistinctiveoutlookonlife.Anaggregateof familiesdoesnotformanationunless thereisacertainunitycausingtheconstituentstocoalesceamongthemselves andtobedifferentfromothernations. Nomadsmightformanation,butthey couldhardlybesaidtohaveafatherland.

Again,theideasofnationhoodand politicalindependencearenotsynonymous.ThePolishnationhascontinuedtoexistevenwhenpartitionedunder threedifferentpoliticalrulers.SimilarlytheancientGreeks,whilethey neverformedonepoliticalState,alwaysacknowledgedasinglefatherland. Itmightbepointedout,incidentally, thattheancientGreeksconsidereddemocraticgovernmenttobequiteunworkableinanyStatewhichhadmore

thanabout50,000citizensbecausein suchacaseitwasimpossibleforeach electortohaveanintimateandpersonal knowledgeoftheofficerstobechosen byhim.

Nowadaysthewordnationhascome tohavearathernarrowmeaning.In EuropeduringtheMiddleAgesaman's nationsignifiedhisplaceoforigin.Men differedintheirorigins,butacknowledgedacommonculture,acommon law,andcommonrulers,spiritualand temporal.Theywerecitizensofthe unitytermedChristendomanddidnot understandtheconceptofnationalautonomy.To-daythereverseistrue, andexaggeratedemphasisonnationhoodtendstomakeaninternational societyimpossible.Theideaofpatriotismmustnotexcludethedesirabilityofattaininganinternationalpolity,andmustallowfortheinterdependenceofnationswhichisnaturalto humansociety,

InacountrysovastasAustralia-whichcould, geographically,containthewholeofEurope,almost halfthepopulationisherdedinsixcapitalcities. Thefollyofthisdisproportioninthedistributionof urbanandruralpopulations,now...speciallyfroma defencestandpoint,isvividlydescribedintheaccompanyingarticle. tobecontinuedwithoutthe interruption,ourindustriesmustbe madesafefromthebombsandthe shellsoftheenemy. "Itmay'bethattheplanfortheduplicationoffactoriesinsafelocalities maybetooexpensivefortheGovernmenttomeetatthepresentmoment. Eventhatisadebatableproposition. Butanynewfactorieswhichareconstructedmust,inthenameofthenation,beplacedincountryareas,where

theywillbesafefromhostileships and'planes.

"Thesafetyofindustriesvitaltothe nationwillnotonlybesecured,but alsothesafetyofnumberlessmenand theirfamilieswhothroughworkingin ruralareaswillbesafeaswell.

"Andwhenthewarisover,thispolicymustbecontinued. Nomoreindustriesontheeastern seaboard,themostvulnerablepartof Australia."

WHYTHEKOOKABURRA Laughs

MilitaryOfficer:"TheIrishmenare notpullingtheirweightinthiswar!"

Pat:"Isthatso?Whatis'Tim O'Shanky'doingtotheGermansin Russia?"

Twochildrenwereabouttopresent theirgrandmotherwithanewBible, whenthelittleboysuggestedthey oughttowrite"somethingnice"inside thecover.

"Iknowwhatwe'llput,"exclaimed hiseldersister,"I'veseenitinlotsof Daddy'sbooks."

Sotheyagreedandwrote,muchto Granny'ssurprise,"WiththeAuthor's compliments." * * *

Inarailwaycarriageacountrywomanremarked:"Willyoutellme, miss,whichisthereturnticket?"

Herfellowtravellerhandedherthe returnticket,andshethrewitoutof thewindow.

"Whydidyoudothat?"askedthe secondwoman.

"I'mnotgoingback."

"Thenwhydidyoutakeareturn?"

-Theytoldmeitwascheaper," * * * *

"Doyouthinkyoucouldlearnto loveme?"

"Perhaps.ButifIwereaman,I'd hatetothinkIwasanacquiredtaste."

Hewasanewandverynervousrecruit,anddroppedhisriflewhileat drill.Thesergeant-major'seyespoppedoutofhisheadatthesight,and forafewmomentshegaspedfor breath.Then:-

"Hey,you!"heroared-"Howlong haveyoubeenintheArmy?"

"P-p-please,sir,"falteredthemiserablerecruit,"alld-d-day,sir."

"AsIunderstandit,"saidtheheathen,"youproposetociviliseme?"

"Exactlyso."

"Youmeantogetmeoutofhabits ofidlenessandteachmetowork?"

"That'stheidea," "Andthenleadmetosimplifymy methodsandinventthingstomaketn!. worklighter."

"Yes."

"AndnextIshallbecomeambitious andgetrich,soIshan'thavetowork atall?"

"Naturally."

"Well,what'stheuseoftakingsucha round-aboutwayofgettingjustwhere Istarted? Idon'thavetowork now."

* *

"1supposeyouhaveagoodexcuse forthatblackeye?"

"No.IfI'dhadagoodexcusemy wifewouldn'thavegivenmeablack eye."

* * * *

Averyplainbishopwasvisitingone ofhisrectors,whohadasmalldaughter.Whenthelittlegirlwasbrought intotheroomshesatdownandstared athim.

"Darling,"saidhermother,"goand shakehands."

Butthechildwentonstaring,and then.asifrecollectionhadcometo her,shesaidsuddenly:"Ioncegave youabunattheZoo."

* * *

*

Anewmaidhadjustarrivedfrom thecountry,andhermistresswasgivinginstructions.

"Anddon'tforget,Florence."she said,"wewantanewgrillerforthe kitchen." AsFlorencestaredvacantly,she added:"Youknowwhatagrilleris,I suppose?" "CourseIdo,"returnedthegirl. "It'sabig,hairymonkey,andifyou wantoneofthoseinthekitchenI'm leaving."

* * * *

InPittsburghacolouredpersonran aboxingclubfortheentertainmentof membersofhisownrace.Theenterprisewasshaky,andonenighttheattendancewaswoefullybad,Having donesomeheavythinking,thcmanagerenteredtheringandmadean announcement.

"Gem'men,"hesaid,"I'vejestreceivedaletterfrumtheMarquisof Queensbe'ytellin'meIwillhaveto sendhimtwenty-fivedollarsfurthe priv'legeofusin'hisrulesheretonight.Thehatwillnowbepassed!"

"MyfatherwasaPole."

"Really,howinteresting.Northor South?"

*

* Atradesmansentawell-knowndoctoraboxofcigars,whichhadnotbeen ordered,withabillfortwenty-five shillings.Theaccompanyingletter ran:"Ihaveventuredtosendthese onmyowninitiative,beingconvinced thatyouwillappreciatetheirexquisiteflavour."

Thedoctorreplied:-

"Youhavenotaskedmeforaconsultation,butIventuretosendyou fiveprescriptions,beingconvinced thatyouwillbeassatisfiedwiththem asIamwiththecigars.Asmy charge(foreachprescriptionisfive shillings,thismakesusquits."

* * * *

Businesswasabitquiet,sothetwo commercialtravellersdecidedtohave aday'sgolfonalittlecountrycourse. Asitwasmid-week,nocaddieswere available,buttheymanagedtogeta farmlabourertocarrytheirbags.

Attheendoftheafternoon'splay, whichwasmorevigorousthanskilful, onegolferhandedthemanquitea goodtipforhisservices.

Thebeaminglabourertookitgleefully,andasked:

"'Cuseme,sir,willyouandthe othergentbediggingagainto-morrow?"

* * * *

ThetouringcompanywereappearinginasmallLancashiretown,the playbeingbased,moreorlessaccurately,onthelifeofNapoleon.

AtthelastperformanceontheSat urdayeveningtheactorsplayingNapoleonandhisaide-de-camphadbeen samplingthelocalbrew,withtheresultthattheygotratherconfused.

"Sire,sire,"exclaimedthe"aide-decamp"atonedramaticpoint,"ithas been-hic-deshidedtosendyoutotoSt.Helens."

"Napoleon"sadlydigestedthisfact, andthenremarked:

"Ah,well!Itmighthavebeen worse,Theymighthavechosen Wigan!"

He'dbeenawayfromthevillage quiteawhile,sohewasveryinterestedinhearingallabouteverybody.

"Thenthere'syoungBillJones,"he asked.

"Oh,he'sdoingnotsobad,"hewas told;"gotmarriedjustaweekorso ag."

"Andwhat'shisearningcapacity?" askedthereturnedtraveller.

"Fairish:butitdoesn'tbeginto keepupwithhiswife'syearning capacity."

* * Therehadbeenachangeofproprietorshipofthevillageshop,andthe newmanwasn'ttakinganyrisks.

Onecustomer,whowasshownby thebooksasbeingaslowpayer,sent alongthefollowingnote:

"Pleasesendsixtinsofsalmon.It good,willforwardcheque,"

"Nothingdoing,"mutteredtheshopkeeperashescrawledareply:"Please sendcheque.Ifgood,willforward salmon."

*

Ayoungrecruit,newlyjoined,ap. proachedthesergeant-majorand asked:

"Isitpossibletogetatransferto thesameregimentasmyfather?"

"Perhaps,"wasthereply."But you'dbettercomeandseethecorn panyofficer."

Ontheway,heaskedtherecruit:

"Bytheway,whatregimentisyour fatherin?" 1,

"Oh,sir."saidtheladbrightly,"he's intheHomeGuard!"

*

Itwasthedayoftheschoolconcert, andtheaudienceconsistedmainlyof mothers,proudorenvious,accordingto thepartsthattheirchildrenwereplayOnesmallboymountedtheplatform. Strikingaboldattitude,hebegan: "Friends,Romans,countrymen,lend meyourears!"

Whereupononeofthemothersturnedtohercompanion, "There,that'stheJoneses'boy,"she saidtartly."Hewouldn'tbehis mother'ssonifheweren'ttryingto borrowsomething."

* * *

Acandidateaddressinghisconstituentswassurprisedbyavoicewhich, callingfromthebackofthehall,said: 'Well,Idon'tcarewhatyousay-I wouldn'tvoteforyouifyouwerethe angelGabriel."

Camethereply:"IfIweretheangel Gabriel,youwouldn'tbeinmyconAittiency."

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IsVivisectionWrong?

Anti-Vivisection,Sydney: Ithoroughlyappreciatedyourfranknessandsincerityinreplyinglast Maytosomequestionsobjectingto vivisectioninthecauseofscience andmedicine. Iamatleasthappytolearnthat. AtthesametimeIcannotagreewith yourconclusions. Isaidthat,ifhumanwelfarecan bebenefitedbyexperimentaloperationsonliveanimals,thensuchoperationsarelawfulprovidedduemeasures aretakenbytheuseofanaestheticsto preservetheanimalsfromunnecessary pain.AndIthinkIpointedoutthat byobservationsofthereactionsoflivingtissueinanimals,manysurgical operationsonhumanbeingshavebeen renderedsafeandcertain.Alsothe factorscontributingtocertaindiseases, andsuccessfulmethodsoftreating thosediseases,havebeendiscoveredby thestudyoftheorgansoflivinganimals,Idonotthereforethinkthat theextremeattitudeoftheAnti-vivisectionSocietyisjustified. Itwouldseem,fromyourreplies,that youareagainstwantoncruelty. Iam,andmoststrongly.Cruelty forthesakeofbeingcruelisasin againstGodandone'sownhumannature,AndGodwillcertainlypunish suchsins.

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TOPICALBOOKSOFGREAT INTEREST

PRESENTPROBLEMSERIES.

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CATHOLICPOCKETCALENDAR FOR1942.

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"CONDONINGCRUELTY."

Yetyouwouldcondonecruelexperimentsupontheweakerraceifyou believedtheywouldbenefitthe strongerrace. Yourreferencetothe"weakerrace" andthe"strongerrace"isabitofemotionalspecialpleadingwhichmaydo credittoyourheart,butwhichconfusesyourhead.Itisnotaquestion ofrelativestrengthorweakness.After all,amanisweakerthananelephant fromthephysicalpointofview,What Idobelieve,andwhateveryreasonable personbelieves,isthattheanimal worldismeantbyGodfortheservice ofmankind.Andasanimalsmay lawfullybekilledforthebenefitof manbyprovidingmeatforhistable, sotheycanbeusedforthebenefitof hishealthandwell-beingbyproviding informationnecessaryforsurgicalscience.But,inthislattercase,wanton crueltymustbeavoided;andanyunavoidablepainmustbereducedtothe minimumbyallpossibleprecautions andcare.

THESPIRITOFTHEGOSPEL, Thisseemstotallycontrarytothe spiritoftheGospel. ThereisnothingintheGospels, eitherexplicitlyorimplicitly,against theprinciplesIhavestated. Forinstance,ifChrist,themighty PrinceofPeace,couldsacrificeHimselfforerringmankind,surelywe inturnshouldbewillingtosufferfor ourweakerfellow-creatures,instead oftryingto"haveitbothways."

ThesufferinganddeathofChrist fortheredemptionoftheimmortaland spiritualsoulsofmendonotprovide ananalogyimposingsimilarsacrificeof manforbrutecreation.Ihopethat, byyourreferencetoour"weakerfellowcreatures,"youarenotthinking toelevateirrationalcreaturestothe humanlevel,ortolowerhumandignitytotheanimallevel.Theargumentyouadvance,too,admitsofa retort,IfthehumanraceissopreciousinthesightofGodthatthevery sufferingsofChristontheCrosswere nottoomuchforitswelfare,thenthat thelessersufferingsofbrutecreation shouldalsocontributetohumanity's welfareisnotrepugnant.Butdoyou reallymeanthathumanbeingsshould bewillingtosufferforbrutecreation?

Itislawfultokillasheeptoprovide foodformen.Wouldyouagreethat itislawfultokillamantoprovide foodfortheanimalsintheZoo?Or, again,ifawildbeastattackedyour ownmother,andtheonlywayyou couldsaveyourmotherwasbyshootingormaimingthewildbeast,would youquotetheGospelsandsay,"Christ diedthatwemightlive-somother shouldbewillingtosufferalsoforlesser fellow-creatures?"Inthesameway, thoughwithouttheideaofaggression, ifacertainoperationkilledadozen ratsbeforethesurgeonarrivedatthe degreeofskillnecessarytosaveyour mother'slife,wouldyougrudgeyour motherherlifethroughanexaggerated pityfortherats?

* *

ETHICSANDEXAGGERATION.

Whatisethicallywrongcannotbescientificallyright, Thatistrue.Butyourassumption thatvivisectionwithpropersafeguards againstunnecessaryandexcessivepain isethicallywrongremainsunproved.

IbelievethattheincreaseinCancer, HeartDisease,Diabetes,andother disordersstudiedandtreatedalong vivisectionallines,isthesorryharvestwearereapingforourwarped andmaterialisticoutlook.

Icannotbutsaythatyouareimaginingacasualinfluencewhichiswholly fantastic. Wehavesowndisease,suffering,and deathinthebodiesofhealthyanimals,andwearefastbecominga raceofsemi-invalids.

Evenwereyourlatterstatement right,itwouldnotbeduetoisolated scientificexperimentsonvarioustypes oflivinganimals

CARDIN:,LNEWMAN'SVERDICT.

IwouldliketoknowthedateofCardinalNewman'sstatementthatwe havenodutiestowardsanimalsOur beliefsalteraswegrowinyearsand experience.

CardinalNewman'sstatementwas madein1851,almostfortyyearsbefore hisdeath,Buttosaveyoupossible effortstodiscoverhislatermindon thesubjoct.whichwouldinvolvesome

research,Icanassureyouthathe neverchangedhisviewsonthatpoint. ItistheuniversalteachingofCatholic philosophy,taughtineveryCatholic SeminaryandUniversitythroughout

theworldthatanimalshavenomoral rightsvestedinthemselveswhichimposedutiesonhumanbeingstowards them.OfcoursewehaveadutytowardsGodandtoourownhuman dignitytotreatanimalskindly,andto sparethemunnecessarysuffering.Wan toncrueltyis,therefore,asin.But thewelfareofman,whomGodintend. edtobenefitbytheuseoflowercreaturesjustifiesasnecessarytheminimumamountofunavoidablepaininvolvedinsuchuseofanimalcreation AndCardinalNewmansubscrPtud thatopinionuntiltheveryendofais life.

AtheisminDisguise

"HighSchoolTeacher,"Sydney: Iamsendingyouacopyofthe-EducationGazette"ofMarch1,1940,and wouldbegladtohaveyourviewson thearticlesentitled"JuvenileDelinquency,"byW.H.Williams. Itwouldtaketoolongtogiveadetailedcommentaryonthearticleyou submit.Ishallthereforerestrictmyselftocertainstatementswhichbring outtheassumptionsunderlyingthe author'sthesis.Thequestionsthat followarequotationsfromthearticle. "Adelinquent,wearetold,isonewho commitsasociallyunacceptableact, i.e.,anactthatdoesnotconformto thosecanonsof'rightness'and 'wrongness'whichhaveemerged throughcenturiesofsocialevolution."

Inotherwordsrightnessandwrongnesshavenoconnectionwithanunehangeablemorallawlaiddownby God.Theyaresimplytheresultsof centuriesof"socialevolution."Mr. Williamsthusconfusessocialcustoms andconventionswithmorallaw.His definitionisbasedontheenormous andirrationalassumptionthatthereis nodefinitemorallaw,noLawgiver,no God.Hethuspresentsuswithatypicalexampleofdiscreditedrationalismandmaterialismmasqueradingas sdence.

"'Thoushaltnotsteal'wastheforerunnerofamyriadoflegalcomplexitiesdesignedtodefendtherightof privateownership." MarxandLeninhavemorethan onceexpressedthesameideainmuch

moreforcibleterms.Butitisneither goodsciencenorgoodsensetoignore relevantfacts.ThatGodexists,the Authorofthemorallaw,isafactdemonstrablebyrationalargument "Thoushaltnotsteal"isnotamere legalenactment,Itisafundamental morallaw,promulgatedintherational natureofmanandcodifiedinDivine Revelation.Privateownership,which isrecognisedandguaranteedbythe Commandment,isanaturalrightof everyman.Thatthisrighthasbeen andis,shamefullyabused,isnota validreasonfordenyingitsexistence

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oritsoriginsinnatureandinGodthe Authorofnature.Mr.Williamsignoresthesefactsandpresentsuswith rationalisttheoriesunderthelabelof science. * * * *

UNDERMININGTHEFOUNDATIONS.

"'Societyhasitscriteriaofacceptability.DelinquencyisfailuretosatisfythesecriteriaTheword'criteria'isimportant,Criteriaaresubjecttochange." Itwouldseem,then,thatassocial customschange,moralsandmoral codeschangewiththem.Apartfrom thefactthatithasnosolid historicalorphilosophicalfoundation, thisviewleadslogicallytothedestructionofallmorality.Ifmorallaw hasnootherbasisthancustomsand conventionsengenderedinsociety, thenithasnomoralbindingforce,and thereisnoreason,exceptperhapsexpediency,whyanyoneshouldobeyit. Stilllesswouldthesebeanyobligationtoobeyifthesupposedmoral codeislikelytochangeatanytime. Murder,adulteryandtheftmayhave beenwrongfortheancients,butwho shallsaythattheyarewrongfor XXth.Centuryeducationalists?Itis notthefunctionofeducationaliststo underminetheveryfoundationsof morality.

CHEAPJIBES.

"Psychology,asastudywhoseprimaryconcernishumanbehaviour, normalandabnormal,individualand social,islastweaningitselffrom thenebulousmoralismoftheMiddle Agee

Mr.Williams'definitionofPsychologyasa"studywhoseprimaryconcernishumanbehaviour"is,tosay theleast,defective,foritidentifies PsychologywithEthics.

ThecheapjibeattheMiddleAges throwsaninterestingsidelightonthe extremelylimitedCharacterofMr.Williams'knowledgeofthatperiod.UnlikeMr.Williams,thephilosophersof theMiddleAgeshadtoomuchrespect forrealitiesandtoomuchphilosophicalacumentoignorethemostimportantfactsinspecificallyhumanbehaviour,namely,themorallawand freewill.Itwouldbeinterestingto knowhowmuchMr.Williamshasread ofanyrecognisedphilosopherofthe MiddleAges.

"ToLombroseseverlastingcredit, however,itmustbesaidthathepioneeredthewaytowardsthethoroughgoingstudyof'Theindividualbehindthecrime,"' NoonewillquarrelwiththesentimentwhichdictatedMr.Williams'tributetoLombroso.But,ifheknew alittlemoreofthethoughtofthepast, hewouldknowthatCatholicMoral TheologyhadanticipatedLombroso bycenturiesinits"thorough-going studyoftheindividualbehindthe crime."

Thearticle,inshort,isfarfrom beingascientificstudyoftheproblem ofJuvenileDelinquency.Itisbased onatheisticassumptionswhichare neitherscientificnorreasonable:it adoptsaviewofmoralitywhichleads logicallytothedestructionofallmorality:itignoresthetwomoreimportantfactorsinspecificallyhumanbe-

haviour,freewillandthemorallaw; andfinally,itbetraysastrangeignoranceofthethoughtofthepast.Its value,therefore,fromthescientific andeducationalstandpoints,isnegligible.

DRUNKENNESS

"Eureka,"Lewisham,N.S.W.: Doesamanwhogoesintoahotelwith theintentionofgettingdrunkcommitagrievoussin?

Yes.Theintentiontodosomething whichisknowntobeseriouslysinful isitselfaserioussinofthesamespeciesastheacttowhichtheintentions refers;eventhoughhedoesnotactuallycarryouthisintention.

Doesitfollowthatallmenwhoget drunksinjustasseriouslyinthe sightofGod?

No.Itispossibleforamantobecomeintoxicatedquiteunintentionally andbymistake.TheBookofGenesis recordsthecaseofNoah,whodrank winewithoutbeingawareofitspotency.Furthermore,itmustberememberedthattheguiltincurredis tobemeasurednotonlybytheseriousnessoftheactinitself,butalsoby theknowledgeofthesinnerconcerning thesinfulnessofhisact,andthecircumstancesoftime,place,personsand soforth.Asthesefactorsdifferconsiderablyinindividualcases,thedegree ofguiltwillvaryaccordingly.

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BrigidWorkedOutaNewSocialPolity

GreatestAdministrativeGenius ofHerSex

NextTuesdaywillbetheFeast-dayofSt.Brigid,devotiontowhom, asMr.Jeffersregrets,hasbeenallowedtofadeinAustralia.Yet thespiritual,culturalandsociologicalinfluenceofthis"Maryof Erin"wasverygreatinherowntimeandforposterity.Bya happycoincidencetheFeastisthedaychosenbytheBrigidineSistersfortheopeningoftheirfirstinstitutionintheArchdioceseof Perth.

(TheactualdateofSt.Brigid'sFeastisFebruary1.Itistransferredtothe3rd.thisyearonaccountofSeptuagesimaSunday andtheFeastofthePurificationfallingonthe1st.and2nd.)

AnessentialdifferencebetweenpaganismandChristianityisthatthe formermeantforwomanadenialof naturalrightsandliberties,while Christianitybrokethebondsthatkept herindegradation.Thementalattitudethatmadetheenslavementof womanpossiblewasdissipatedbythe lightofChristiantruth,andoldcustomshadtogivewaytoanewsocial orderinwhichwomanwastoplayan essentialanddignifiedpart. WheretheapostlesofChristianity penetrated,therevolutioninthestatus ofwomanbegan;sowhenSt.Patrick broughtthelightofChristianliberty pi.0iiieilltilvilleii1111111.11111111111111111111111111118111111111

ByJOHNJEFFERS.

toIreland,itmeantthebeginningof aneweraforthewomanhoodofthat country.

Inthisdevelopmentthemoststrikingpartwasplayedbythefamous St.BrigidofKildare,whoherselfappearstohavebeenthedaughterofa bond-woman,andnormallydestinedto beafarmchattel.Sheappearsto havebeenbornduringSt.Patrick's days,becomingaChristianthrough himorsomeofhiscolleagues.Rearedonafarmsheseemstohavebeen anefficientworkerandneverforgot howtomilkcows,makebutterand tendthesheep.Wehearofher,togetherwithsevencompanions,journeyingtoconsultSt.Maccaile,aBishopinWestMeath,andunderhisdirectionssettlingdowntoasortof noviciateincommunitylife.Later, ontheadviceofSt.Mel,thecommunitysettledpermanentlyinArdagh,the firstcellbeingbuiltbeneathafamous oak-tree,andthiscelloftheoak,cilldarra,wasthefoundationofKildare, destinedtoheapower-houseofIrish Christianactivity. St.Brigidthusfoundedthefirst communityofnunsinIreland.It seemstohavebeenaself-supporting unit,thenunsdoingthebulkofthe workandhavingthecroppingand millingdoneundersomesortofshare

farmingarrangement. Theywouldbefedwithfoodproducedandprocessedontheirown farm,dressedwithwoolgrownon theirownsheepandscoured,spunand wovenattheconvent.Notonlywere theydevelopingtheChristianlife, M.11.1.1141.!IMMIN

RacingSelections

BY"THEHAWK" GOODWOOD.

Saturday,January31,1942. JunicrHandicap:SandyMcNab,1; EarlMond,2Swirl,3. MaidenHandicap:Northumberland, 1;Contralto,

3. RivervalePurse(1):ShowGal,

3. GoodwoodHandicap:WestWind,1; Aku,2;Orimadale,3. RivervalePurse(2)MaoriLass,1; Steeper,2;RedCrest,3. WelterHandicap:Muffit,1;Dawnlist,2;Bentley,3.

TrottingSelections

GLOUCESTERPARK.

Saturday,January31,1942. W.A.Breeders'Handicap:Garron Head,1;Noalimba,2MasterStretta,3 BridgetownHandicap:Princess Doral,1;MillAdonis,2;BitterSweet,3 SunburyHandicap:Lin'sRelic,1; LordSheik,2;BlackElla,3. King'sParkHandicapLouisAgain, 1;CavanChief,2GrandMogul,1 CollieHandicapRedRunner,1; Thebes,2;HuonCloud,3. NationalParkHandicap:Lelaine,1; Kolrock,2;Lutana,3.

butwereworkingoutanewsocial polity.Kildareprovidednotonly fortheorderedworshipofGodandthe practiseofpiety,butforanewdevelopmentinorderedindustry.

Kildarewasashiningexampleofthe factthatappliedChristianityisasuccess.UndertheinspirationofSt. Brigid,Kildaredevelopedfromatiny communitytoahugeenterprise; arounditgrewacity,withthefamous St.ConlethasfirstBishop,andall Irelandlookedthereforguidanceand inspiration.Rapidlybranchcommunitiesweredevelopedwhichim-

posedonSt.Brigidextensivetravelling,consultationswithecclesiastical authorities,andcloseattentiontoa multitudeofenterprises.

Sotheone-timebrawnyfarmgirl whohadmilkedthecowsandmade thebutterdevelopedintoagenius whoplayedaconspicuouspartindevelopingChristiancivilisationinIreland.

Fewwomeninhistoryhavebeenso giftedandsosuccessful,yethertalents inthatdirectionhavebeenovershadowedbythesaintlinessofthe womanherselfandgenerationsof Irishhaveveneratedherforheropenhandedmercyandgenerosity,herexaltedprayerandherspiritualinspiration.

Throughallherbusylifeshecould neverloseherloveforthecowsand calvesandsheep,andwasneverhappierthantobelookingafterthem, evenifitmeantbeingoutinthe drenchingrain,oraboutinthedarknessofthenightifananimalneeded care, St.Brigidwasprobablythegreat estadministrativegeniusofhersex thatChristiancivilisationhasbeen blessedwith...Sheisagiantfigurein Irishhistory,thedrivingforceina vastenterprise,apioneerinthedifficultiesofdevelopingaChristiancivil'.

How"VaticanNews" isMade

The"CatholicPress"Sydney),illustrateshowagooddealofthesocalled"NewsfromtheVatican"originatesbyquotingthefollowingfrom QuentinReynolds's"LondonDiary":

"TheelaborateplanwehadofmakingthePopecondemntheGerman-ItalianAxisnevergotoutofthedreamy confinesoftheRitzBar.Wehad beendiscussingthePopeandhisgreat power.(OnhisvisittoAmerica,the thenEugenioPacelliimpressedeveryonehemetwithhislearningandwith hisdiplomacy.Onceuponatimea Pope,ClementV,movedtoAvignon, andcausedRomenoendofembarrassment.From1309to1377itwas thePapalseat.Thefortress-palaceis abig,gloomyplace.Alittlepaint wouldn'thurttheoldplace.Ouridea wastospreadtherumourthatPope PiusXII,indignantatthewayboth GermanyandItalywereturningtheir backsonChristianprinciples,wasmovingtoAvignon.Itwouldbeenough tospreadtherumourthathewascontemplatingsuchamove.Thepalace atAvignonstillstands. Itwas badlyinneedofrepairs.Itwasunoccupied,Nowwecouldgotothe localauthoritiesandsaythatweconsideredthepalacetobeashrine.We wouldliketoseeitkeptupbetter.At ourownexpensewewouldliketohave itpainted.Couldwehaveadozen localpainterstogotoworkonit?The thrifty,sentimentalFrenchwould,no doubt,thinkitabeautifulgesture,so we'dgetahalf-dozenpaintersandset themtoworktellingthemnottolet .inwhohadhiredthem.

SowingtheSeed"We'dgo'backtoParisandaskthe MinistryforInformationifitweretrue thatthePopewasleavingRomeand comingtoAvignon.TheMinistry wouldindignantlydenyit.We'dtell themthatthepalacewasbeingpainter, andthatthepainterswouldnottell anyonewhohadhiredthemtodothe job.ThiswouldpuzzletheMinistry. TipstersintheMinistry(therewere plenty/wouldrelaythenewstoBritish andAmericannewspapermen;they'd rushreporterstoAvignon,and,sure enough,therewouldbethesilent painterswieldingbrushandpaint.The ladswouldgototownonthestory.It wouldgelallovertheworld.Radio commentatorswouldundoubtedlydiscusslearnedlyonthisnewdevelopment andthewholeworldwouldknowthe story.Itwould,ofcourse,refchthe earsofthePope.Becausehenever submitstointerviewersorbothersto denystoriesabouthimwhichhaveno basisinfact,acertaincredencewould attachitselftothestory.Thepainterswouldkeeponwiththeirsolemn ioh.ThentheofficialVaticanorgan woulddenythestorythatthePope wouldmovetoAvignonPeopleall overtheworldwouldsmileknowingly,

andsay,'Wherethere'ssomuchsmoke theremustbefire.'ThePopemight eventakethewholethingseriously himself,andactuallymovetoFrance. Itwasagreatstorythatdiedstillborn.ThatdaytheGermansbroke throughCambrai. Wehadother thingstothinkabout,

\etwithitallshecouldturnaside tomakebutter,orbeoutonthehillsideslookingafterthesheep,never ceasingtobethedairymaidand shepherdessthoughcircumstanceshad liftedhertoadministrativeresponsibilities.

Kildareseemstohavebeenacityut saintsinherday,andamongthose locallycanonisedareSt.Conaeth,its firstBishop;St.Natfroich,achaplain toSt.Brigid;St,Ninnid,whomshe hadknownasaboyandwhoasa priestwastogivehertheLastSacraments;St.Blath,whowasalay-sister andcookatKildareConvent;SS. DaniaandHymna,nunsunderher charge.

TheIrishsettlersinAustraliaand theIrishmissionarypriestsbroughtto ourshoresthedevotiontoSt.Brigid, which,unfortunately,hasbeenallowedtofadeinthismaterialisticage. Heradministrativeabilityhelpedto developthatcombinationthatwasto makeIrelandthecentreofworldwidemissionaryenterprise,hervivid faithandassiduousprayerhavebeen theinspirationofgenerationsofIrish, hermiracleswereblendedintheir folk-lore,andtheystillspeakofher as"theMaryofErin," SheisnotforgotteninAustralia, butisnotvaluedassheshouldbeby thedescendantsoftheIrishpioneers, whoseeminclinedtoletslipthrough theirfingersthoseculturaltreasures thatpastgenerationshavedeveloped inherhonour.

PossiblyHollywoodandtheflapperpressaremoreup-to-date,buttheyare amawkishalternativetotheprayers, poetry,andfolk-lorethatgrewup aroundthenameoftheAbbessofKildare,andwereamongtherichesttreasuresofIrishChristianculture.

St.Brigidisappropriatelythepatron saintofthoseengagedinthedairying industry,herfeast-dayisFebruary1, andsheisoneofthecomparatively fewIrishwomenwhoareacceptedas canonisedsaintsoftheUniversal Church.SothewholeChurchwillon February1beprayingtoasaintwho oncemilkedthecowsandfedthe calves,andcalledtothesheeponthe Irish

C.B.H.S.ATHLETICTEAM

WINNERSOFSENIORCUPANDHOLDERSOFAHERNAGGREGATESHIELD,1941.

BackRow:J.Waldron,B.Harris,J.Pitts,K.Boyle.

FourthRow:C.Johnson,J.Hanna,P.O'Neill,T.Woodthorpe,G.Beetson, 11.Tobin,L.Lynch.

ThirdRow:W.Cochrane,P.O'Mara,R.Jeffrey,D.Carr,D.Thomas,T. Harapeet,I.Choyce,R.Green,G.Fagan,D.Kelly,

SecondRow:K.McCaughey,K.Woodthorpe,P.Lynch,M.McGregor.J. Carmody,W.Potts,K.Ryan,R.Cunningham,R.Boyle.

BROADWAYBUTCHERS

UL204. BASSENDEAN.

OFFERSAPROMPTDELIVERYATACOMPETITIVEPRICE. "THEHEATINGPLACEFORALLKEENHOUSEWIVES." WESPECIALISEINSMALLGOODS.

FrontRow:N.Dallimore,B.Flinn,L.Bowler,P,McGurk,F.Albrecht.G. Golding,M.Ryan.(Absent:T.Golding.) (ExaminationResultsPage12.1 1.

UL204

HAVEYOUTRIEDOURWHOLEMEALBREAD?IT'SDELICIOUS ANDNUTRITIOUS. GUILDFORDROAD,MT.LAWLEY. J.SEXTON&SONS(LateA.I.F.)

RoyalShowAwards:FirstPrizes,1924,1926and1936;ThirdPrizes, 1925,1927,and1928;HighlyCommended,1932. FORPROMPTDELIVERY'PHONEU2261.

2;Vapour,

1; Kerlion,2;HowieWing,

TheSilenceofthe Encyclicals

WhythePopesDoNotSayMuch

CriticsfindfaultwiththePopes' EncyclicalLettersonsocialquestions onthegroundthatthePapacyshould confineitselftolookingafterthe spiritualinterestsoftheCatholicbody andnotseektomeddlewithmen's businessactivities.Otherstakethe oppositeview.Theyobjectthatthese Encyclicalsdonotgofarenough,that theycontainnothingnewbutonlygeneralitiesandoldprinciples,thatthey failtoshowtheworldawayoutof themoderneconomic,socialandpoliticalimpasse.

WhattheEncyclicalsDoNotSay.

Thus,sothesecriticsassert,LeoXIII, in"RerumNovarum"andPiusXI.in "QuadragessimoAnno"writeatlength toprovehowpre-eminentlyconsistent withhumannaturetheprincipleofprivateownershipisandhowconduciveto thepeaceandtranquilityofhuman life,buttheymakenoteventheshortestallusiontoanypracticalmethodby whichawiderdistributionofproperty couldbeachieved.

Theyrepeatedlydrawtheirreaders' attentiontotheharmdonetothecommongoodbythemodernaccumulation ofwealthandpowerinthehandsof afewbutnotevenoncedotheyindicateanormbywhichexcessiveprivateincomescouldbemeasuredora meansbywhichmonopoliesandrings couldbebrokenup.

NoFiguresQuoted.

Whentheyinsistonthewretched conditionsoftheworkingclassesand ontheobligationofpayingtheworkers ajust,afair,alivingwage,whydothey notatthesametimedrawupadetailedprogrammeofneededreformsand quotehardfiguressothatthewhole worldmayformanideaofwhata minimumjustwageoughttobe?

Theyspeakofcollectivebargaining, theypraiseitandyettheyproposeno practicalschemetomakecollectivebarvainingpossible.Thesearebutafew ofthecriticismswhich,thesecritics say,suggestthemselvesonreadingthe Popes'SocialEncyclicals.Itallcomes tothis:thatthesepeoplewouldlike thePopetoimposeupontheworlda ready-madeanddetailedsolutionof themodernsocialquestion.

ObjectionsAnswered, ThePopesthemselveshaveanswered theseobjections.LeoXIII.inhisletter"ImmortaleDei,'describesthe necessaryrelationsbetweenChurchand State.Herecallsthatmankindhas beenplacedbyDivineProvidence undertwopowers:theecclesiastical andthecivil.Ofthesetwopowers "eachinitskindissupreme,eachhas fixedlimitswithinwhichitiscontained, limitswhicharedefinedbythenature andspecialobjectoftheprovinceof each. ."Nowasthesetwopowers haveauthorityoverthesamesubjects andfrequentlyaboutthesamethings, itisoftheutmostimportanceforthe rightorderingofsocietythat,whilst helpingeachother,theyshouldrigorouslyrestricttheexerciseoftheirauthoritytotheirrespectivespheresof action.TheChurchhasneverceased toclaimthatherrightsasa"perfect society"shouldberecognisedasshe herselfhasalwaysstrictlyrespectedthe legitimaterightsoftheState. TheChurchhasforherprimaryobjecttheeternalsalvationofsouls.All humanquestionsthereforeinasmuch astheyhaveabearingonthisspiritual endcomeunderherjurisdiction.The State.ontheotherhand,hasbeenset overmenfortheirtemporalandearthly wellbeingandtheorderingofhuman affairsintheirrelationtothisend falldirectlywithinthecompetenceof thecivilauthority.Asregardssocial, economicandpoliticalquestions,itis withintheprovinceofthePapacyto ruleandlaydownprincipleswhenever moralordogmaticissuesareinvolved. Butshewillnotandindeedoughtnot to,interposeherauthority"intechnical matters,"writesPiusXI,sinceforthese shehas"neitherthesuitableequipment forthemission,"Thedrawingupof anysuchdetailedprogrammesbelongs decidedlybyrighttotheState. AddressedtotheWholeChurch. Moreover,itmustberemembered thattheHolyFatherinanEncyclical LetteraddressesthewholeChurch,a Churchwhichhasspreadtoallthe countriesoftheearth.Howcould heinpracticeproposeasolutionwhich wouldbebeneficialtoall?Social questionsbytheirverynatureareaffectedbytheaccidentsoftimeand space.EconomicandsocialconditionsinIndiaarenotwhattheyare

intheUnitedStates;eachcountryhas itsownproblems.Andthinkofthe drasticchangesmenofourowngen- erationhavewitnessed.

Really,theonlypracticalcoursethe Popescanfollowistopointoutmoral wrongandtheologicalerrorandtoproposethetrueprinciples.Theremedy ofexistingevilsandtheapplicationof theprincipleswillultimatelydepend onman'sreadinesstomakeaproper useofthefacultiesGodhasgivenhim: hisintellectandhisfreewill.-Calcutta "Herald."

THERIVER'SLESSON

AdownbytheBlackwoodRiver, WithfeelingsofprideIstood, Surroundedbywattleblossoms, Andshelteredbybanksiawood; MythoughtswerefixedonAustralia, Tillrousedfromthepleasantdream, Bythesoundofrushingwater, Fromarushingmountainstream. Iturnedagaintothewattle, Andtriedtorenewthespell, Butalas!thatrushingwater,Hadataleandalessontotell.

Ittoldofamightyocean, Resembling Whithereternity, 'twassadlyrushing, Likemantohisdestiny.

Andhow'twasnursedonthemountain, Thebabeatitsmother'sbreast, Andhowfeeblyitstruggledonward, Withneverathoughtofrest. Then,itpicturedthehappyschoolboy, Aspleasuretolifehelent, Bravelyleapingfromrocktorock, Whileboyhoodtomanhoodwent.

Andthenlikemaninhisglory, Thatstreamrunsaswifterrace,Breakingawayfromitsmother, Leavinglinesonhernobleface. Thus,itentersthestatelyriver (Calledthemiddleageofman),Smoothlyandsilentlyonward, Toreachtheallottedspan.Slower,andslowerittravels, Butonwardstillt'wardsthesea. Tillitsilentlyenterstheocean, Astimejoinseternity.

NomatterwhetherAustralian, Orfromfromsomedistantshore, We'llmeetinthatmightyocean, Wheretimeandtidearenomore. Ah!then'twillavailusnothing, TohaveanAustralianbrand, Ortosaythatwebuiltupanation, Prosperous,freeandgrand.

Thequestionswe'llhavetoanswerare:

Howhavewespentourtime?

HowusedthetalentsGodgaveus?

HowlookedonHisworkssublime?

HavewefollowedOurSaviour'sfootsteps?

Orturned,vain,pleasurestogreet?

Haveweliftedafallenbrother, Orcrushedhimunderourfeet?

Yes,thiswasthetaleittoldme, Thiswasthelessontaught, Thatdaywhenanation'sfuture, Wasset(bythestream)atnought.

-STEPHENRYAN.

1'1111.111111111.01.1111111.111111111111111111..1111111110,1111, 'Ladeyourold

659WellingtonSt.(B6307.)

Thursday,January29,1942.

finamiKPo.mirolawmo...mr....m.arwmo.toimbe,M4NMO.

SocialCalinclah

February4:KoalaClubRiverTrip.

February22:CombinedA.C.L.TennisAssociations'TennisDayatSouth II=PIMMOMO.

PERSONAL

Mr.andMrs.LarryDwyerandfamily,accompaniedbyMissO'Callaghan, areholidayingatRockingham,where theyintendstayingforthenextfew weeks.

Judgingbythelargecongregationat MassinRockinghamonSundaylast, quiteanumberofCatholicsmade thatfavouriteseasideresorttheirrendezvousduringthelongweek-end.

KOALACLUB

OnWednesday,February4,the KoalaClubiscommencingitsyear's activitieswitharivertrip.Everyone isinvited,soitshouldbeanexcellent nightforallwhoturnuptoenjoythemselvesontheSwan.Duringthe pastyear,theKoalasmadeanamefor themselvesforlivelyentertainment. andthisyear"sactivitiespromisetobe justasgood.

APPEALFORLITERATUREFOR SOLDIERS

Bothinthemilitaryhospitalsandin thecampsthemenappreciateaconstantsupplyofgoodliterature.Though agooddealhasbeenfreelydonated duringthepasttwelvemonths,thedemandfarexceedsthesupply,and thereforeaspecialappealisbeing madetoallreadersof"TheRecord.' toforwardmagazines,books,andother readingmatterforthesoldiers.If youhaveliteratureofinteresttothe soldiers,bringitintothesupply depotsattheChurchOffice,Victoria Avenue,ortheChestertonBookshop, 36Pier-street,Perth.Itwill'bevery gratefullyreceivedandimmediately despatchedtothesoldiersincampand inhospital.Everyweekmembersof theLadies'AuxiliaryoftheCatholic WelfareOrganisationvisitthesick soldiersinhospitalanddistribute whatliteratureisavailable. Ex-Pupils'RetreatatSantaMariaCol, Theex-pupils'Retreat,whichisto begivenintheSantaMariaCollege,is opentoallgirlswhohaveattended schoolsconductedbytheSistersof Mercy,andaverycordialwelcomeis extendedtoall.ThisRetreatcommencesonthisSaturday,January31, at3.30p.m.,andwillcloseveryearly onMondaymorning,February2,to allowthegirlsreturningtotownto attendschoolandofficeingoodtime.

BuseswillleavetheoldG.P.O.,St. George'sTerrace,onSaturday,January31,at2.15p.m.,andwillleaveAttadaleonMondaymorningtoenable girlstobeinPerthat8a.m.

...OFgeneralInterest

GRAHAM-4,44COVERN WEDDING

AveryprettyweddingwassolemnisedinSt.Mary'sCathedral,Perth,on Saturday,January17,whenKathleen Joyce,onlydaughterofMr.andMrs. J.P.McGovern,ofVictoriaPark,was joinedinHolyMatrimonywithLeo John,youngersonofMrs.A.Graham andthelateMr.J,W.Graham,of MountLawley,formerlyofBoulder City.Theceremonywasperformed byRev.FatherJ.J.Rafferty,assisted byRev.FatherG.Hussey.

Thebride,whoenteredtheChurch onthearmofherfather,worealovely figuredorgandiegowncutwithalow waistlineandthetrainfallinginmany folds.Aheart-shapedneckwastrimmedwithahand-madeedgingofplain whiteorgandie,andloopsandbuttons madeaveryeffectivefinishtotheback. Sheworeacircularveilheldbyatopknotoforangeblossom,andcarrieda bouquetoffrangipaniandstephanotis. Thegroom'sgiftofathree-tiered stringofpearlswasalsowornbythe bride.

Thebridesmaids,MissesMaryFindlayandPatMcGillicuddy,lookedvery attractivewearingbluefiguredorgan-

die,thebodicesbeingtrimmedwith rowsofnarrowVallace,andthebillowyskirtsfallingfromawidewaistband.Tinybowsofbluevelvetribbonwerescatteredovertheskirts. Bluehalohats,finishedwithlongtrails ofbluevelvetribbon,completedavery charmingpicture.Theycarriedbouquetsofbluehydrangeasandwore opalpendants,thegiftsofthebridegroom.Mr.JamesKempablycarriedoutthedutiesofbestman,and Mr.JoeMcGradethoseofgroomsman. MissM.Hanleypresidedattheorgan, andMissK.Dunnewassoloist.

Aftertheceremony100guestswere entertainedattheKarrakattaClub. Theywerereceivedbythemotherof thebride,whoworeagownofembroiderednavyFrenchninon,trimmed withbuttonsandpintucking;and themotherofthebridegroom,who woreacharmingfrockofnavygeorgette,trimmedwithanoff-whitelace collaranddiamenteclip.

Duringtheeveningthebrideand bridegroomleftfortheirhoneymoon, thebridetravellinginafrockofspitfireblueFrenchcrepe,trimmedwith largestitchedpocketsandtouchesof white.Sheworewhiteaccessories andcarriedawhiteleatherhandbag.

()Traeoftoillmovi

HELPFULHINTSFORTHEHOME

Agreatsavingiseffectedinthegas billifpeoplewouldturnthegason veryslowlywhenabouttolightit.If itisturnedonfullandthelightapplied,itcausesanexplosionwhich forcesthegasinthepipebacktothe meter,givingtheregulatorwheelsa suddenshock;andthereboundsends themonwithrenewedenergy,for whichgashastobepaidfor.Thisis ascientificfact.

Cottonandlinenfrockswhichhave raw-fruitstainsshouldbetreatedwith athinpasteofwhiteningandlemon juiceplacedonthemarksandleftto dry.Rinseinwarmwaterandwash intheusualway.

Usesoapylukewarmwaterforwashingleathergloves.Onlymildsoap shouldbeused,andalldirtmustbe rubbedawayverygently.Asoftnailbrushcanbeemployedforbadmarks, buttheglovesshould'betreatedas carefullyaspossile.Rememberto washbothoutsideandinside.

Foranewideaforbreakfastinthe hotweather,grateacarrotfinely, sprinklewithsugar,pouronmilkand serve,

Quietcoloursforroomdecorations arerestfultotheeyeandifadopted helptopreventnervestrain.

Potatoesmakemuchbetterchipsif theyaresoakedincoldwaterforone hour,thendrainedwellanddriedbeforefrying.

Ifyouhaveacocoastainonyour tablecloth,soakincoldwater,then

clipthestainintobolingwaterto whichboraxhasbeenadded.Onno accountusesoap,asthiswillfixthe stain.

Topreventmilkormilkfoodsfrom boilingover,greesearoundtherim ofthesaucepanwithbutterorglycerine,thennothingwillboilovertherim.

Whensewingfuronagarment,rub thebackofthefurwithparaffinwax. Theneedlewillthengothroughthe skinasitdoesthroughapieceofsilk, obviatingtheusualtuggingandpulling.

Sewatinylabelbearingyourname andaddressineachofyour"best" gloves,thenifyouloseone,thefinder knowsshecanreturntheglove.

Foracold,mixequalpartsoflemonjuice,oliveoil,honey,andthewhiteof anegg,andtakeadessertspoon'ul threetimesaday.

Whenthinplacesappearonchildren's cotblankets,cutoutaflannelpatch shapedlikeacat,rabbitorduck,large enoughtocoverthewornplace.Blanketstitchpatchonwithfinecoloured wool.Maketheeyesoffairlylarge Frenchknots,withacurveofstern stitchaboveforeyebrows.Twoor threebastingstitcheswillmakethe whiskers,withshortlineofstem-stitch forthemouth,

Whenironingatransferontovoile ororgandie,alwaysstampitonthe wrongside.Yellowtransfersrequire lessheatthanblueones,soplacetwo thicknessesofpaperbetweentheiron andthetransfer.Ifdesigni;too faint,removeonethicknessofpaper andpressagain.

ASINGERMELBACHOSE

Tohavebeen"chosenbyMelba' wouldbeasourceofpridetoanysinger.Tohavebeenselectedbyherwhile onewasanuntrainedschoolgirland sheintheflowerofhertriumph,must heathrillnevertobeforgotten.That happenedtoVeronicaMansfied,who singsinaBBCoverseasprogramme.

MissMansfieldwasatschoolat Perth,WesternAustralia.Melba,on atourofhernativeland,waspersuadedtohearVeronicasinginanaudition atHisMajesty'sTheatre,Perth.Melba, senthertotheConservatoriumatMelbourneonascholarship.Aftertwo yearsshecametoLondon,andwon ascholarshipattheRoyalCollegeof Music,

BeforethewarMissMansfieldsang atconcertsandconservatoriumsall overEngland.InVaughanWilliam's firstproductionofhisopera,"SirJohn inLove,"shetookthepartofMistress Ford.

Nowsheworksforboysinthe Forces.Sheisonacommitteeat AustraliaHouse,inLondon,whichprovidescomfortsforservicemen,andshe worksatthecanteen.Shehasmet manyoldfriendsthere.Recentlyshe broadcastsomeofWilliamJames's AustraliansongstotheForcesinthe MiddleEast.-BBC,London,Letter.

SIGHTTESTING

THERECORD.

SEVEN

TELEPHONE:

PERTH,THURSDAY,JANUARY29,1942.

SEPTUAGESIMA

PerhapsatnootherperiodinournationalhistoryhasthesignificanceoftheLentencycleoftheLiturgyhadsomuchtoteach us.IftherewasonethingChristinsistedupon,itwasthenecessityofpenance.Andifthereisonethingthemodernworldhas forgotten,itisjustthat-thenecessityofpenance,andthefact thatweneedtoberedeemed.

NoChristianto-daymaylookonthewarinanyotherlight thanasascourgeoftheBlessedTrinity-injustretributionfor theapostasyofthenationsandofthemasses.Christhasbeen unceremoniously,evensavagely,drivenfrominternationalandfrom publicmorality.Thecrucifixhasbeentornfromthewallsofour schools,yes,evenhereinAustralia,andwithithasgonethe sanctityofloveandtheindissolubilityofmarriage,theinviolable righttolifeoftheunbornchild,andtheprotectionanddevelopmentofadolescencebytheparentsofthenationandbytheState itself.Goneisrespectforallauthority,thedutyofcensoring pornographicfilth,andwhatsoeverconcernoveratheisticpropagandainanallegedlyChristianCommonwealth.

* * * *

Therealmorale,therealstandardofmoralityofouryoung manhoodiseloquentlyexpressedintheForcesoftheKing.Our youngmen,andwhynotsayit,arebeingutterlydemoralisedin camplifewhilsttheyarebeingtrainedtofight"indefenceof Christianity."

* * *

Yetallthisislittletobewonderedat.Thesepresentgenerationsarebuttheproductofournationalculture.Ifthatsounds damning,itismeantto.Forwecanstillgoonfromdaytoday socompletelyobliviousofwhereweareheading,andoftheparamountneedofprayerinthepresentemergency.

NorwillourprayerofsupplicationbeheardbytheChristwe haverejecteduntilwehavemanifestedoursinceritybypenance. WhenonearthGodinsisted,inseasonandoutofseason,onthe necessityofpenance."Unlessyoudopenanceyoushallalllikewiseperish....Dopenanceforyoursins,andsinshallnotbeyour ruin. Icamenottocallthejustbutsinnerstopenance. ThenHebegantoupbraidthecitieswhereinweredonemostof Hismiracles,becausetheyhadnotdonepenance...." * * * *

Penance,penance,penance,wastheburdenofHisteachingtheSecondPersonoftheTrinityHimself,speakingthroughthe lipsofChristtomenofallages,toyouandtome.

* * * *

Oftenenoughhistoryspeaksofnationalcalamitiesavertedby publicpenance.Butweasanationareproudtoday.Wehave beenlivinginafool'sparadise-politically,sociallyandspiritually.Ithasgonetoourheads.Oursenseofvalues,ourstandards, havebecomepitifullywarped.Wespeakoftheenemy'sdisregardforhumanlife-we,bledwhitethroughcontraceptionandthe murderoftheunbornchild.Gliblywespeakoffreedomofconscience,oftheChristianstandardoflifeforwhichwefight-we. whoasanationdeigntofillthechurchesonaNationalDayof Prayer.

Wehavespokentoooftenwithourtongueinourcheek,and thetruthwhenwehearit,hurts.ButwhattheFatherofChristendomdoesnothesitatetosay,neitherdoestheCatholicPress.If ournationisrottingwithcorruptioninpublicandinprivatelife, thenonlyanunflinchingrealisminfaceofthetruth,andahumble determinationtoputfirstthingsfirst,willpresagetheresurrection, throughthebloodandsweatofwar.ofournation-oldandblase whilstyetitisyoung.

* *

tfjeciirc§biocese

ARCHBISHOP'SENGAGEMENTS.

February7.-9a.m.:PresideatSolemn HighMassattheConventofMercy, VictoriaSquare(GoldenJubileeof MotherM.Patrick).

February8.-BlessandopennewBoys' SchoolatLeederville.

February11.-PresideatCeremonyof John of andProfessionatSt. GodConvent,Subiaco.

February27.-PresideattheQuarterly Priests'Conference,ChapterHall, VictoriaSquare.

*

ThatisthewarningoftheLentenLiturgywhichcommences withtheprayerofSeptuagesimaSunday.Itisthespiritofthis seasonofpenancethatmatters.Eachoneofuscanmakeitwhat wewill,buteachoneofusshouldrememberthisyearjustwhat dependsonthisspiritofpenancevoluntarilyaccepted.Andbetterthatbyfarthanapenanceinvoluntarilyenforced.

HisGracetheArchbishopannounces thefollowingclericalappointments:Rev.J,Henebry,Leonora,tobe LocumTenensatBedfordPark-Bayswater.

Rev.M.T.McCaul,Bridgetown,to beChaplainatPearceAirForceStation.

Rev.A.Valentine,WestPerth,tobe ParishPriestatBridgetown.

Rev.P.Kelliher,Kalgoorlie,tobe AssistantatWestPerth.

Rev.J.McCarthy,Belmont,tobe AssistantatKalgoorlie.

St.Charles'Seminary,Guildford, toOpenonFebruary10

MasslimeTablPs

WAGIN

February1:Wagin,8a.m.;Wedgecarrup,10a,m.

February8:Wagin,8a.m.;Dumbleyung,10a.m.

TheSeminaryopensonFebruary10, andallintendingstudentsmustbein residencebyfiveoclockonMonday, February9.

TheSeminaryissituatedinMeadowstreet,Guildford,andiswithinfive minuteswalkingdistanceoftheGuildfordRailwayStationorthebusstop. Thebusesareofthe"BeamTransport Co.,"whichleaveSt.George'sTerrace, Perth,atfrequentintervals.Thebuses departfromoppositeSt.George'sCathedral.

Cassocksandsurpliceswillbesuppliedtothestudents,whoarerequired tobringwiththemallotherarticlesof clothing. Studentswhoarenotaccompanied bytheirparentswillbemetattherailwaystationifsufficientnoticeisgiven totheSeminaryauthorities. ForallenquiriestelephoneeitherSt. Mary'sCathedralortheSeminary, UL310.

CHURCHINJAPAN

Anxietywillnaturallybefeltforthe welfareoftheChurchinJapannow thatwarhascomedownlikeadark cloudoverthePacific.Theprayers ofthefaithfulinAustraliaandother landswillfreelybeofferedupforthe safetyofpriestsandnuns.Statistics showthatbeforethewartheChurchin Japanproperpossessed319churches andchapels,115Japanesepriests,127 JapaneseBrothers,and672Japanese Sisters,with293foreignmissioners,104 foreignBrothers,and489foreignSisters.TheJesuitsconductauniversity inTokyo.Anenrolmentofsome15,000 studentsofbothsexeswasinthemiddleschools.Childrentothenumber of829werecaredforbytheSistersin 27shelters.Thesickwerenursedin 15hospitals,whiletwolepercolonies housed152inmates.InJapanproper, outofapopulationofsome69,000,000, Catholicsnumbered113,488intheyear 1939.

St.LouisJesuit School,Claremont

EXAMINATIONRESULTS1941.

JUNIORUNIVRP.SITYCERTIFICATE.

BYRNE,JOHNB.:English,Latin, French,Maths.A,Maths.B,Physics, Chemistry.

CHRISTIE,ROBERT: Latin, French,Maths,A,Maths.B,Physics, Chemistry.

EDWARDS,KEVIN:English,Latin, French,Maths.A,Maths.B,Physics, Chemistry.

O'SULLIVAN,JOHN:English, Latin,Maths.A,Maths.B.

SULLIVAN,JOHNC.:English, Latin,French,Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

THOMPSON,JAMES: French, Maths.B.

TREASURE,IAN:English,Latin, French,Maths.A,Maths.B,Physics, Chemistry,

WHITE,DAVID:English,Latin, French,Maths.A,Maths.B,Physics, Chemistry.

Judgingbythelargecongregationat MassinRockinghamonSundaylast, quiteanumberof.Catholicsmade thatfavouriteseasideresorttheirrendezvousduringthelongweek-end.

February15:LakeGrace,9a.m. Kukerin,11a.m.

February22:Dumbleyung,9a.m.; Wagin,11a.m.

March1:Wagin,8a.m.;Weclgecarrup,10a.m.

March8:Wagin,8a.m.;Dumbleyung,10a.m.

March15:Kukerin,9am.;Lake Grace,11a.m.

March22:Dumbleyung,9a.m.; Wagin,11am March29:Wagin,8a.m.;Dumbleyung,10a.m.

TOODYAY

February1:Toodyay,8a.m.;Jennacubbine,9.30a.m.

February8:Childow,8a.m.;Mundaring,9.30a.m.

February15:Jennacubbine,7.30a.m.; Toodyay,9,30am. February22:Clackline,8am.;Toadyay,9.30a.m.

COLLIE

St.Brigid's,Collie:7am.and9130 a.m, February1:Noggerup,7.30a.m.; Wilga,9.30a.m.

HOLIDAYRESORTS

NorthBeach: EverySundayuntilFebruary,at9.30 a.m. Albany: 7.30a.m.,9.30a.m.,eachSunday. Busselton: 8a.m. Bunbury: 7a.m.,9.30a.m.

Cottesloe: Sundays,7a.m.,10am..

Scarborough: EverySundayuntilFebruary.at8,15 a.m.

QUARANTORE

1942. FEBRUARY.

Sunday.

1st.RedemptoristMonastery: FortyHours'Prayer Tan.30th.-Feb.1st.). Harvey:OneDayofExposition.

2nd.Katanning:OneDayofExposition.

3rd.Dardanup:OneDayofExposition.

4th.Wagin:OneDayofExposition.

MARCH.

Sunday.

1st.Coolgardie:OneDayofExposition. 2nd.Kondinin:OneDayofExposition

3rd.Kalamunda:OneDayof Exposition.

4th.Subiaco:FortyHours' Prayer(20th.-22nd.).

APRIL.

Sunday.

2nd.MidlandJunction:Forty Hours'Prayer(10th.-12th.). Palmyra:OneDayofExposition.

FeastofthePurification ofOurLady

HighMasstobeCelebratedin St.Mary'sCathedral

OriginofCandlemas

HighMass,commencingat8.30a.m., willbesunginSt.Mary'sCathedralon Mondaymorningnext,tocelebratethe FeastofthePurificationofOurLady, inthepresenceofHisGracetheArchbishop.

TheoriginofthefeastmustbelookedforinJerusalem.Itdatesbackto theearliestcenturies.Anedictof Justinianintheyear512introduced thisfestivalatConstantinople,whence itspreadthroughouttheEastand latertheWest.Inthebeginning amongsttheOrientalsitwasregarded ratherasafeastofOurLord,commemoratingthePresentationofChrist totheagedSimeonintheTempleand thesignificanceofthisevent.Inthe 7th.centuryPopeSergiusI,however, commandedthatitbeprecededbya penitentialprocessionasontheother threegreatfestivalsoftheBlessedVirgin,andinthiswaythepredominantly Mariancharacterofthefeastbecame established.Fromthattimeonward thePurificationoftheVirginMother wascommemoratedratherthanthe PresentationofherSon.Notthatthe twoeventsarenotconnected,forthe JewishMotherofoldentimeswas "purified"ontheoccasionofthepresentationofhernew-bornchildtoGod. ShepresentedherselfintheTemple fortydaysafterthebirthofherchild, andwascleansedfromthelegalstain therebycontractedinconsequenceof originalsin.Moreover,afirst-born Sonhadtobepresented,too,andconsecratedtoGodastothesovereign Masterofeverycreature.However, theChildcouldberedeemed,asit were,byamoreorlessconsiderable

DEATHS.

LEEN.-OnJanuary16,1942,athis lateresidence,31Hay-street,Subiaco, Michael,dearlybelovedhusbandof Nora,andlovingfatherofJohn (Narrogin),Bill(deceased),andTom (R.A.A.F.). MostSacredHeartofJesus,have mercyonhissoul. ---

DALY.-OnJanuary18,athisresidence,151Chelmsford-road,North Perth,WilliamDaly,latelineforemand,P.M.G.Dept.,BruceRock, dearlylovedhusbandofCatherine, deardadofAlf(R.A.N.,Vic.),brotherofMrs.N.Bryson(deceased), Mrs.C.Brown,Mrs.M.Larkin,Mrs. Anderton,Mrs.Graham,Jamesand CarrolDaly,andthelatePatrick, John,Dennis,andBernard,dearbrother-in-lawofA.andN.Gleeson. RequiescatinPace.

WANTED. WantedHouse,brickandtile;four orfiverooms;sleepout;nearchurch andtransport.Cashto£1,000.Apply P.M.,c/o"Record'Office.

*To

offering-alamborapairofturtle doves,accordingastheparentscould afford. Ofcourse,thisprescriptionobliged neitherMarynorJesus.Christ,on theonehand,wasthesupremeLawgiverofallJewishritual,Christwas GodHimself.Hisbirthontheother hand,wasmiraculousandvirginal: therewasnothingaboutitbutwhat waspure,soitwasnotrequisitethat MarywhoconceivedandboreherSon miraculously,remainingavirginbefore,duringandafterthebirthofher Child,shouldbepurified.Itwasnot necessary,butintheperfectionofobediencebothMotherandSonsubmittedtothelawthatGodHimselfhad prescribedinitseverydetail.

Thatisthefeastwecelebrateon Monday.Itissometimesknownas Candlemasforonthisdayblessed candlesaredistributedtothefaithful, whooriginallyusedthemtolightthe wayduringthepenitentialprocession thatbeganwhilstitwasyetdarkand wendeditswaytothechurchwhere Masswasoffered.Thepeoplestill carriedthecandlesintheirhands,and litthemagainduringtheMasstosignifyChrist,theLightoftheworld!

ThatisthetitlebywhichSimeon greetedHimintheTemple.

InthedayswhenEuropewasChristendomtheprocessionwasalwaysa bigevent.Itstartedearlyonthe morningofthefeastoreventhenight before,andthecandleswerenecessary asIsaidtolighttheway.Thenthe faithfulallassembledfortheMassof thefeast,anditbecameknownasthe MassoftheCandlesorCandlemas.

Nowadaystheprocession.whichstill precedestheMass,ismadeonlyby theclergyandchoir,whocarrylighted candles.Thefaithfulremaininthe churchholdingtheirblessedcandles, whicharedistributedbytheBishop orthecelebratingpriestfromthealtar. Whentheshortprocessionfinally reachedthealtartheMassproceeds. Althoughtheactualprocessionismuch shorterto-daythaninoldentimes,yet thehymnsthataresungandtheprayersusedintheblessingofthecandles priortotheirdistributiontothepeoplearethetraditionalhymnsand prayersthathavebeenusedthroughoutthecenturies.

Fortheconvenienceofthefaithful, candlesofthenecessarywaxcontent of25percent.and65percent.will'be availableforpurchaseintheporchof theCathedralbeforeMass.Theymay thenhepresentedfortheblessingof thecelebrantduringtheceremonyand usedonthealtarthroughouttheyear (TheDiocesanregulationsconcerningcandlesusedonthealtarstjnulate thattherebeatleasttwoof65per cent.waxcontentforMassandBenediction.Allothercandlesusedonthe -')tarshouldheofatleast25percent. wax.)

PreservingtheFaithin MilitaryCamps

VALUABLELEADFROMTHE HIBERNIANSOCIETY.

AnaspectofthewarwhichmustvitallyconcernCatholicsisthepreservation oftheFaith.Itshouldbetothem quiteasimportantasnationalsurvival.Forinthehorribleeventof defeatandofAustralia'spassinginto subjugationunderaforeignpower,the Faithwouldstillhavetobepreserved andpropagated,forwhilenationsand empiresdie,theFaithmarchesonto theendoftime.Australiaisalargelypagnisedcountry,andithasbeen difficultatalltimestolivethefullCatholiclife.Butinwar-timeitissupremelydifficult.Homesaredisorganised,marriagesindefinitelypostponed,andtheconfined,comfortless lifeofcamptendstohavereactions inabandonmenttopleasure.Moreover, thevastareaofourcountrytobedefendedwillmakethesupplyingof chaplainsamostdifficultproblem. Thiswillbethetesting-groundofCatholicAction.Canitpreservethe Faithduringthewar?Hasitproducedleaderswho,oftentimesalone andderided,willdaretobedifferent asChristwasdifferent?Thisisthe taskbeforeus-topersevereinChrist

aswehopetosurviveasanation. InthismatterourCatholicsocieties haveaparticularinterestandaspecialobligation.Theyhavealso,as organisedbodies,obviousadvantages andopportunitiesabovethoseofthe individual.Inthisregardweare pleasedtoseetheHibernianSociety takingtheleadinPerth.Inacircularaddressedtomembersonactive militaryservice,theGrandSecretary (Mr.J.Edwards)appealstoHibernianswhoare,orwillbe,subjectto theconditionsofmilitarylife"toavail themselvesoftheopportunitythatis theirstoactasApostles;asCatholics (evenifitbeonlybywayofgoodexample),bylivinguptotheprinciples ofourgreatSociety.Weknowthat abigproportionofourCatholicmenin campareslippingintheperformance oftheirdutiesasCatholics.Thereis asplendidopportunityforyou,asfar aspossible,toremedythisunsatisfactorystateofaffairs."Wecongratulate theHiberniansonthisexcellentlead inadifficultproblem,andtrusttheir actionwillstimulateotherCatholic bodiestotakeappropriatemeasureto stemthedriftandtherotwithwhich militarylifethreatensCatholicobservance.

St.Mary'sCathedralChoir VacanciesforBoys

Therearevacanciesforseveralchoir boysatthebeginningofthisschool year.Boysfromeightyearsofage mayapply,butboysolderthanten yearswouldneedtohaveveryspecial qualificationsandaknowledgeof music.

Bursariesaregrantedtosuccessful candidates,whichcoverstheireducationattheChristianBrothers'College, St.George'sTerrace,butnotbooks andclothing.Thebursariesholdgood tothecloseoftheschoolyearinwhich theboy'svoicebreaks. Conditions.

Thesuccessfulcandidateswillbeexpectedtoattendthedailyclassesin musicandsinging,whicharegivenat theCollegebytheDirectoroftheCathedralChoir,aswellastheweekly practiceonFridayeveningsattheCathedral(exceptforbeginnerswhodo notsingintheCathedralforthefirst year).Inaddition,theymustattend thefunctionsintheCathedralatwhich theirpresencemayberequired.

Applicationsmayhemadeonany morningattheChristianBrothers'College,at9.30am.,whentheDiocesan DirectorofSacredMusicwillbeinattendance.

Astheboysneedhavenoprevious knowledgeofmusicorsinging,except thepossessionofagoodvoice,allthe applicantswillbegivenalessoneach dayduringthatweek,andattheend oftheweekachoicewillbemade,judgingbytheabilityandaptitudeshown byeachlad. ThesuccessfulboyswillthenberequiredtoobtainaletterofrecommendationfromtheirParishPriestsand theirpreviousteachers.

TenorsandBassesNeededforthe CathedralChoir.

As80percent.oftheadultmembers ofthechoirarenowinthevariousdefenceforces,athomeandabroad,itis absolutelynecessarythatanyofthose stillfreetohelpshouldvolunteertheir assistancetokeepthingsgoingatleast untilourabsentmembersareableto returntousagain.Anyonepossessing thenecessaryvoice,butperhapsare lackinginmusicalknowledgeorexperience,willbegivenallthehelpthey requiretoovercomethesedifficulties.

LettersmaybeaddressedtotheDiocesanDirectorofSacredMusic(Rev, FatherLynch),c/oSt.Mary'sCathedral.

A

Sir,-Couldyouinformme,through yourcolumnsifaCatholicdyingwithouttheSacramentscanbeburiedin theR.C.portionofthecemeterybya priestafteraRequiemMass?

Thepersonconcernedcomesfroma religiousrace.Hehadaveryserious accidentsomeyearsago,andsince thenhaslostallbeliefinhisChurch. HerefusestogotoMassandtohis duties,sayingthathewon'tbeahypocrite.Iamworriedforfearthatanythingshouldhappentohim,asheisa goodlivingmanotherwise.Hoping youcanhelpme.-Yours,etc., VERYWORRIED,

(Inanswertoyourquestion:apersonwhorefusestoreceivetheSacraments,consciousthatthereisgrave dangerofdeath,couldnotbeburied asaCatholic,norcouldapublicRe-

quiemMassbeofferedforhissoul-he hasexplicitlydeniedtheFaith.

AbaptisedCatholic,whodiessuddenly,withouttheopportunityofreceivingthelastSacraments,couldnormallybeburiedasaCatholic,unless hehadpubliclyrenouncedtheFaith, or,forexample,broughtuphischildren non-Catholicsorbeenanactivemember ofasocietyororganisationexplicitly condemnedbytheChurch,ordone anythingelsewhichpubliclyshowed hiscontemptfortheauthorityofChrist ortheChurch-alwayssupposingthat therehadbeennorepentanceorclear signswhichcouldreasonablybeinterpretedasrepentance.

Consequently,forapersonwhorepeatedlyexpressesdisbeliefintheCatholicChurchandwhorefusestoreceivetheSacraments,tobeburiedas aCatholicwouldbeahollowmockery unworthyofthesinceritywhichisan essentialinallspiritualmatters.)

vertising

AgOrii Rates

Engagements,Marriages,Deaths,InMemoriam,andBereavement Notices,4s.aninsertion(35words),id.perwordover.Engagementannouncementsmustbesignedbybothparties.

ReportsofFuneralschargedforat2s6d.perinch,singlecolumn (about50wordsinoneinch).

Weddings,includingsinglecolumnphotoblocks,withreport,10/6; doubdecolumnphoto.blocks,withreport,£1ls.;threecolumnphoto blocks,withreport,fl10s.(Reportsmustbesignedbyparishpriest.)

ForSale,ToLet,SituationsWantedandVacant,andBoardandResidence,oneinsertion(notexceeding20words),2s6d,ld.perwordover 20.Reducedrateforseveralinsertions.

ParagraphAdvertisements,9d.perline,singlecolumn.

SchoolResultsmustbecoveredbyletterofauthorisation,andmust beTypewrittenorinBlockLetters,andwillbepublishedintheorder received.

CONTRACTRATESforgeneraladvertisingonapplicationtothe AdvertisingManager. TheManagementreservetherighttorefuseanyadvertisemntitdeems unsuitable,andacceptsnoresponsibilityforanylosssustainedfromerrors oromissionswhichmayoccurinadvertisements.

AllenquiriesconcerningAdvertisementsshouldbeaddressedtothe ADVERTISINGMANAGER,"THERECORD,"450HAYSTREET, PERTH,WestAustralia.l'hone:B6950andB9141.

S.G.TAYLOR,QualityGrocer

1HAMPDENROAD,BEACONSFIELD. L1189. DELIVERIESEVERYWHERE. AGOODDEALSAVEDBYAGOODDEAL.

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WHOLEMEALANDMALTBREADASPECIALTY. CURRYandTAYLOR,Bakers 75SAMSONSTREET,BEACONSFIELD. 'Phone:L2685.

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McMullan(8),Brown 65SOUTHTERRACE,FREMANTLE. LICENSEDSANITARYPLUMBERS,DRAINERS,IRONWORKERS. Telephone:L2474.

L.&F.WHITE

GENERALSTOREANDNEWSAGENCY. ALLCLASSESSMALLGOODS, ATRIALAPPRECIATED. CORNERADELAIDEANDPOINTSTREETS,FREMANTLE. L2110.

SECONDBIGBARGAINWEEK

SubiacoYoung Men'sClub

ByW.J.

ThemembersoftheaboveSociety arejustnowexperiencingabusytime, astheyhavebeenenrolledintheA.R.P. squadstoassistatoneorotherofthe institutionsinthedistrictintheevent ofaraid.Theyarepreparedtodevotethenecessarytimefortraining underthedirectionofsomeoftheolder men,whohavebeenformedinto groupstotakecharge.

Wecanstilldowithanumberof volunteersforthiswork,asthefollowinginstitutionshavetobemanned:St. JohnofGodHospital,Homeofthe GoodShepherd,andtheOrphanage. Anypersonwillingtoassistcan handintheirnameandaddress,and 'phonenumberifany,toanymember oftheC.Y.M.S.

ThegroundsoftheBrigidineSisters' Homeareimproving,thankstothe boyswhohavebeenputtinginalot ofwork,armedwithspadesandrakes eachevening,underthedirectionof ourChaplainandFatherO'Kane.

Thetwopriestsmustpossesswonderfullypersuasivepowerswhentheycan coaxnotonlyalargenumberoflads toputinafewhoursnightlyinburninggrass,uprootingoldfences,and buryingtincans,buthavealsomanagedtoencourageafewoftheolder men,whoaretobeseenofanevening bentoverashovel,orlevellingthesand inpreparationforthesettingofthe lawns.

Itwouldappearthatsuchworkdevelopsthemuscles,asourathleticclub putupasplendidperformanceonSaturdaylastatLeedervilleOval.The "A"Gradetiedforfirstplace,the"B" Gradewerevictorious,andour"C" Gradeagaincarriedoffthehonours, finishingthedaybyacreditablevictoryintheRelayRace. Keepitup,boys!Youareworthy ofthecoloursyoucarry,eachand everyoneofyou.Weexpectyouall tokeepintouch,asthereisabigcompetitiontakingplaceshortly,andwe aredeterminedtobringthehonour totheClub.

CATHOLIC WOMEN'SLEAGUE

Meetings.

Theexecutivewillholditsmonthly meetingonMondaynext,February2, at2.30p.m. Thegeneralmeetingwillbeheldon Wednesday,February11,at8p.m.,in theLeagueRooms,Astherearemany matterstobediscussed,itishopedthat therewillbeagoodroll-upofmembers.

Soldiers'Buffet.

Membersareaskedtoattendatthe Barrack-streetBuffetonSunday,February15.

SewingCircle.

Thesewingcirclewillholdthefirst meetingthisyearonTuesday,February10,at2p.m.,intheLeagueRooms. TheLeaguehasbeenaskedtosupply milkjugcoversforthedifferentarmy camps.Donationsofbeadsandnet formakingthesewillbegratefullyaccepted,

H.A.C.B.S.

St.Mary'sBranch,Leederville. Atthemeetingheldon14th.inst therewasafairattendanceofmembers,notwithstandingtheabsenceof"o manyonmilitaryduty.,Anappealis madetothosewhocanpossiblydoso toco-operatewiththeofficersinensuringthatthebranchwillcontinueto havegoodmeetingsandthuskeepit functioningactivelyandwell.

AtthemeetingonWednesdaynext, Bro.FrankDillon,whoisaboutto enterSt.Charles'Seminary,willbe honouredandapresentationwillbe madetohim.Frankhasbeenawonderfulmemberofthebranch,andit ishopedthattherewillbeawrybig attendanceonthisimportantoccasion.

CATHOLICTENNIS ASSOCIATION

By"RON AnnualGeneralMeeting.

Theannualgeneralmeetingofthe AssociationwillbeheldonFriday, February20.Thiswillbethefifteenth "generalassembly"sincethefoundingoftheWA.C.L.T.A.,andtheexecutiveexpectalargeattendanceof members.Nominationsforofficebearersmustbeinthehandsofthe Hon.Secretaryatleast14daysprior tothemeeting(i.e.,February6).

TennisDayatZoo.

TheAssociationhasdecidedtoconductacombinedtennis-dayatthe ZoologicalGardens,SouthPerth,on Sunday,February22.Proceedsofthe tournamentwillbedevotedtotheCatholicWelfareOrganisation.Allmembersofthemetropolitanclubsare urgedtosupportthisfunction,and therebydotheirshareinhelpingalong thegrandworkthattheC.W.O.are doingforourCatholicmeninthe Forces.Alargenumberofcourts havealreadybeensecured,andawonderfulday'soutingisanticipated.

SocialMeeting.

Mondaynext,February2,willusher intheinitialsocialgatheringforthe season,andtheexecutiveexpectarecordattendance.Chiefdiscussionwill centreontheorganisingofaspecial welfarecommitteetolookaftercomforts,etc.,forourAssociationmemberswhoareservingoverseas.

ATTADALEDAIRY.

FREMANTLEROAD,MELVILLE-

MilkDeliveredtoanypartof

SHENTONPARK leedervihe

EDUCATIONALSUCCESSES.

Trulygratifyingandencouragingare theresultsofrecentscholarshipexaminationstakenbythepupilsofSt. Aloysius'School,HenryStreet,Shenton Park.Ofthesevenoreightchildren whowereintheScholarshipClassthe followingsuccesseshavebeenachieved:

a)MissJuneGascoyne-entranceto ModernSchool.

(b)MasterW.Oldfields-scholarship fromC.B.C.,Perth.

(c)MasterA.Lindner-scholarshipto C.13.C.,Fremantle.

(d)MissF.McGerr-half-scholarship toSantaMaria,Attadale.

(e)MasterK,Orr-half-scholarship toC.B.C.,Perth.

WeheartilycongratulatetheSisters ofMercyandtheabovescholarsupon thisverycreditableperformance,and trustthatthechildrenwillmakethe mostoftheopportunitiesafforded themforthefuture,whilstremaining alwaysgratefultotheirpastteachers. SchoolReopening. Withtheothermetropolitanprimary schools,St.Aloysius'willre-openon Monday,February1.

RIVERPLATEHEROCHAIRMANOFSEAAPOSTOLATE

Rear-AdmiralSirHenryHarwood, herooftheRiverPlatebattle,hasbeen askedbytheApostleshipoftheSeato becomeitschairmaninsuccessionto thelateAdmiralLordStafford. ThiswasannouncedrecentlyinLiverpoolatameetingoftheNational BoardoftheApostleship,whenitwas alsostatedthatitsheadquarterswere tobetransferredtoLondon.

OBITUARY

LATEMR.MICHAELLEEN.

OnJanuary16,1942,thedeathoccurredofthelateMr.MichaelLeen,of 31Hay-street,Subiaco.Bornin CountyKerry,Ireland,in1869,thelate Mr.Leen,withhiswifeandyoungfamily,cameout37yearsagotoWest Australia,wheretheyhaveresidedever since.JoiningthePoliceForceimmediatelyhearrivedinthelandofhis adoption,Mr.Leenwasstationed,successively,atKalgoorlie,Fremantleand Carnarvon.Itwasowingtoill-health that12yearsagoMr.LeenwascompelledtoresignfromtheForce,when hewaswithinfiveyearsofhisretirement,andhishealthsteadilygotworse untilhebecameaninvalidduringthe lasttwoyearsofhislife.Constantly atendedbyhisparishpriest,thelate Mr.Leen,fortifiedbyalltheritesof HolyChurch,diedahappyandholy death.

RequiemMasswascelebratedatSt. Joseph'sChurch,Subiaco,thefollowing morning,andthatafternoonhisremainswerelaidtorestintheCatholic Cemetery,Karrakatta,withhisson William,whopredeceasedhim13years ago.Atthecemeterymembersof theStaroftheSeaBranchofthe H.A.C.B.Societyformedaguardof honourtotheirlatefellowmember.

ThechiefmournerswereMrs.Nora Leen(widow),JackandTom(sons), RonandPhyl(daughters-in-law),Mr. andMrs.P.Leen(brotherandsister-inlaw),.Mrs.C.Leen(sister-in-law),Mr. M.Leen(nephew),Mr.G.Stephen nephew),

Amongthosepresentwere:Messrs. T.Edwards,C.'Hanson,W.J.Hughes, G.Kavanagh,M.McCusker,J.McNamara,J.O'Connor,M,Quinlan,D. Sugrue,allmembersoftheH.A.C.B. Society;andMessrs.J.S.Anderson,B. Anderson,J.Casson,L.Carroll,J. Crowley,W.Crowe,F.B.DayA. Glenn,E.M.Gaynor,C.H.Hughes,C. Henfrey,W.J.Kestel,W.C.Lyons,J. McCaul,J,R.McGowan,J.McLinden, D.Murphy,J.O'Connor,J.O'Sullivan, J.lO'Halloran,J.Ryan;MesdamesK. Condon,II.Caldow,ElizaCasson, EdithCasson,C.McGowan,A.Hughes, W.Hurdles,C.Henfrey,M.Quinlan,H. Shea,G,Stevens,A.J.Jenkins,L. Wake,M.McVittie,andMissM.Condon.

Floralwreathswerereceivedfrom: JohnandRon,PatandTohn;Tom andPhyl;Joan:Mr.andMrs.P.Leen andfamily;TheLeenGirls;C.Leen andfamily;EdithandJackCasson andMother;Mrs.Condonandfamily: Gerard,ElvieandAnnetteStephen; Mr.andMrs.HenfreyandBeatrice; StaffoftheShellCompany.Ltd.;Em-

J.F.CAIN

17STIRLINGHIGHWAY, COTTESLOE. 'PhoneF2121,DayorNight. LICENSEDSANITARYPLUMBER, IRONWORKER,SHEETMETAL WORKER.

S.BEECROFT-Butcher

181RokebyRoad,Subiaco.

DnlyPrimeFreshKilledMeatSold 'PhoneW1373

ST.MARY'SCOLLEGE, LEEDERVILLE

CONDUCTEDBYTHECHRISTIAN BROTHERS.

ThenewCollegeatLeedervillewillbe blessedandopenedbyHisGracethe MostRev.R.Prendiville,D.D.,on Sunday,February8,at3p.m.,andthe classeswillassembleonthefollowing day.Parentsareadvisedtoenrol theirboysbeforetheopening,ifpossible.TheSuperiororoneofthe otherBrotherswillinterviewparents attheChristianBrothers'residence, Franklin-street,Leederville,fromTuesday,February3,tothedateofthe opening.

Thecourseofstudieswillincluoe PrimaryandSecondarysubjectsupto andincludingtheLeavingCertificate. Theclassroomsareup-to-datefrom everystandpoint-southernlight,singleanddualdesks,theformerforseniorandthelatterforjuniorboys, andthoroughventilationinallthe rooms.Inaddition,thereisawellequippedlaboratoryfortheteaching ofPhysicsandChemistry.

TheRightRev.Mgr.Moloney,P.P ofSt.Marys,Leederville,andtheChristianBrothers,extendacordialinvi.,a tiontoalltheparishionersandother well-wishersoftheBrotherstobepresentattheBlessingandOpening CeremonybyHisGracetheArchbishopofPerthat3p.m.onSunday, February8.

TheRev.BrotherJ.G.Hyland,B.A., fromC.B.C.,St.George'sTerrace,Perth, hasbeenappointedSuperiorof ,e newCollege.

RandolphKnapp SIGHT-TESTING OPTICIAN.

12ATWELLARCADE, FREMANTLE.

TheRightRev.MonsignorMoloney andtheChristianBrotherscordiallyin viteyouandyourfriendstotheBlessingandOpeningofSt.Mary'sCollege, l.ranklin-street,byHisGracetheMost Rev.R.Prendiville,D.D.,onFebruary 8,at3p.m.

ployeesofEurekaFlourMills,Cottesloe. Thefollowingclosefriendsunableto attendthefuneralsentlettersandtelegramsofcondolences:Mrs,Maloneand Eileen;C.Hanson;H.A.C.B.Society; Jim,KittyandMadgeMurphy;Mr. andMrs.Lippingwell;R.Castenello: Mr.LangsfordandClaude;Mick Lynch;Mum,Bidandfamily(York); W.andM.Hughes;MadgeBrady;Mrs. Mahoney:AndyMolloy:theAlford family;JoanandFlo;Mrs.M.Ryan andMag:AliceJenkin;Mrs.Purdie: Mrs.Byers;WigmoreCricketClub;the ShellCompanyofAustralia;T.J. Haynes;ErnieandIreneandPhyll; Mr.andMrs.Hancockandfamily; Mrs.B.McDonald;Mr.andMrs.Carthuesandfamily;Mr.andMrs.CI, Campbellandfamily;MollyLeonard: F.Kinsella;C.A.Rowan;Mrs.S. Brandy,Normaandfamily;StaffSergeantandMrs.Melbourne;Mrs.Gallagherandfamily;Mrs.Hetherington, TessandTack:D.andM.Donohue; Mr.andMrs.SkinnerandEllen;Miss Blackwell;Mrs.Taylor:andMembers oftheA.M.A.TennisClub;Police Union(J.D.Carlton,secretary);Mr. andMrs.Hoare(Adelaide);P.J. Lowry(Goomalling).

ThefuneralarrangementswerecarriedoutbythePerthFuneralDirectors.

inoneitehotioasoillumisuiasilllmisnineiletisasiiiimitiolaws THEBESTVALUEFORYOUR MONEYAT F.J.DUFF'S WINESALOON. CornerARUNDELSTREETand SOUTHTERRACE,FREMANTLE. 'Phone:L1902.

elM.1=110011.4.

T.VIVIAN, 143Rokeby-road,Subiaco.W1539.

FORSEWERAGECONNECTIONS, W1639.

BadWaterPressure,BrokenPedestalPans,BlockedSewerDrains,CisternandRoofRepairs,T.V.Model BathHeater.

00.44,4=1,41.10,1

BUNBURY.

LANDandESTATEAGENT

G.H.TEEDE

'Phone31 Private267. SMITH'SBUILDINGS, WELLINGTONST.,BUNBURY. Businesses,Farms,Houses,Land

THERECORD.

ELEVEN

C.B.H.S.JUNIORUNIVERSITYCLASS,1941

ChristianBrothers'HighSchool, HIGHG\TE

JuniorUniversity,1941

BAILEY,GEOFFREY:English, Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

CARR,DON:English,Latin,History,Geography,Maths.A,Maths.B, Physics,Chemistry.

COUGHLIN,MICHAEL:English, Geography,History,Chemistry,BusinessMethodsandBookkeeping.

CUNNINGHAM,RAY:English,History,Maths.A,Maths,B,Physics, Chemistry.

DUGGAN,BRIAN:English,Latin, History,Geography,Maths.A,Maths. B,Physics,Chemistry.

ELLIOTT,MERVYN:English,History,Geography,Maths.A,Maths.B, Chemistry.

ELLIOTT,PETER:English,History,Geography,Maths.B,Physics, Chemistry.

LEPAGE,ARTHUR:English, Latin,History,Geography,Maths.A, Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

LYNCH,PATRICK:History,Geography,Maths.A.

MARTIN,FRANK:English,Latin, History,Maths,A,Maths.B,Physics, Chemistry.

McFADDEN,JOHN:English,Latin, History,Geography,Maths.A,Maths. B,Physics,Chemistry.

McGREGOR,MALCOLM:English, Latin,History,Geography,Maths.A, Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

MONAGHAN,WILLIAM:English, Latin,History,Maths.A,Maths.B, Physics,Chemistry.

NALLEN,MICHAEL:English,History,Geography,Maths.B,Physics, BusinessMethodsandBookkkeping.

O'NEILL,THOMAS:English,Latin, History,Geography,Maths.A,Maths. B,Physics,Chemistry,BusinessMethodsandBookkeeping,DrawingA.

POTTS,WILLIAM:English,History,Maths.A,Maths.B,Physics, Chemistry.

RYAN,KENNETH:English,Latin, History,Geography,Maths.A,Maths. B,Physics,Chemistry.

RYAN,GERALD:English,History, Maths.A,Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry,DrawingB.

WOULFE,JOHN:Latin,History, Maths.A,Maths,B,Chemistry, WOODTHORPE,KEVIN:English, Latin,History,Maths.A,Maths.B, Physics,Chemistry,DrawingB.

RESULTSOFCHRLSTIANBROTHERS'INTER-SCHOOLS'EXADUNA'TIONS.

HONOURS

INAGGREGATEMARKS

FirstYear.

ThirdPlace:BrianFoster.

FourthPlace:CyrilO'Brien.

FifthPlace(seq.):GeoffreyMarsland

NinthPlace:LindsayChipper.

SecondYear.

EighthPlace:MelvilleO'Neil.

Honours

SecondYearJuniorEntrance,

FirstPlaceinArithmetic:JOHN

FALL.

FirstPlaceinPhysics:REGGIE

SMITH.

FirstPlaceinChemistry:PAT O'NEILL.

FirstPlace(aeq)inHistory:JOHN CHALLIS.

FirstYearJuniorEntrance.

FirstPlace(aeq)inGeometry: BRIANFOSTER.

FirstPlaceinGeography:BRIAN FOSTER.

FirstPlaceinHistory:RONJEFFREY.

FirstPlaceinPhysics:CYRIL O'BRIEN.

SecondYearJuniorEntrance.

BALMER,J.:Religion,English,History,Arithmetic,Algebra,Geometry, Geography,Physics,Chemistry(d), Bookkeeping.

BIRCH,R.:Religion,English,History,Algebra,Geography,Chemistry, Bookkeeping.

BRADSHAW,W.:English(d),History,Arithmetic,Geometry,Geography, Physics,Chemistry,Bookkeeping.

BREAR,B.:Religion,English,Geography,Chemistry,Bookkeeping.

CARMODY,J.:Religion,English, Geography,Chemistry,Bookkeeping.

CHALLIS,J.:Religion(d),English, History(d,firstinStateaeq.),Latin (d),Arithmetic,Algebra,Geometry, Geography(dl,Physics,Chemistry (d),Bookkeeping(d).

CHOYCE,I.:Religion,English,History,Arithmetic,Algebra,Geography, Chemistry,Bookkeeping.

COCHRANE,W.:Religion,English, Historyi,Algebra,Geometry,Geography,Physics,Chemistry,Bookkeeping, CONNAUGHTON,W.:Religion, English'(d),Algebra,Geometry,Geo. graphy,Physics,Chemistry,Bookkeeping.

FALL,J.:Religion(d),English,History,Latin,Arithmetic(d,Firstin State),Algebra(d),Geometry,Geography,Physics,ChemistryId>,Bookkeeping(d).

GARDNER,R.:Religion,English, History,Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra (d),Geometry,Geography,Physics, Chemistry,Bookkeeping.

GARDINER,H.:English,History, Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra,Geometry (d),Geography(d),Physics,Bookkeeping.

GOLDING,A.:Religion,English, History(dl,Latin,Arithmetic,Geometry(d),Geography(d),Physics, Chemistry(d),Bookkeeping(d).

GREEN,R.:Religion,English(d), History(d),Latin(d),Arithmetic, Algebra(d),Geometry(d),Geography, Physics(d),Chemistry(d),Bookkeeping(d).

HEALEY,N:Religion(d),English (d),History,Latin,Arithmetic(d), Algebra(d),Geometry,Geography(d), Physics,Chemistry(d),Bookkeeping.

KIERATH,R.:Religion,English, History,Latin,Arithmetic(d),Algebra(d),Geometry,Geography,Physics,Chemistry(d),Bookkeeping(d).

LYONS,L.:Religion,English,History,Geography,Chemistry,Bookkeeping.

McDOWELL,T.:Religion,English, History,'Latin(d),Arithmetic,Algebra,Geometry(d),Geography(d), Physics,Chemistry(d),Bookkeeping

McDONALD,R.:Religion,English, Latin(d),Arithmetic,Algebra(d), Geometry,Geography,Physics,Chemistry(d),Bookkeeping.

O'MEARA,W.:Religion,English, History,Latin,Geometry,Geography, Physics,Chemistry,Bookkeeping.

O'NEILL,P.:Religion,English,History(d),Latin(d),Arithmetic,Algebra(d),Geometry(d),Geography, Physics,Chemistry(d,FirstinState), Bookkeeping(d).

O'NEIL,M.:Religion,English,History(d),Latin(d),Arithmetic,Algebra(d),Geometry,(d),Geography (d>,Physics,Chemistry(d),Bookkeeping(d).

PAGANIN,A.:Religion,English, History,Geometry,Chemistry,Bookkeeping.

QUINN,P.:Religion,English,History,Latin(d),Arithmttic,Algebra, Geometry(d),Geography,Physics, Chemistry,Bookkeeping.

QUARTERMAINE,T.Religion, English,History,Latin,Algebra,Geometry,Geography,Physics,Chemistry, Bookkeeping.

SMITH,R.:Religion,English(d), History,Latin(d),Arithmetic(d),Algebra,Geometry(d),Geography(dl, Physics(d,FirstinState),Chemistry, Bookkeeping(d).

SYMONS,T.:Religion,English,History,Latin(dl,Arithmetic,Geometry, Geography,Physics(d),Chemistry (d),Bookkeeping.

SINCLAIR,B.:Religion,English, History,Arithmetiq,Geometry((d), Geography,Physics,Chemistry,Bookkeeping.

VERGA,P.:Religion,English,History,Arithmetic,Algebra(d),Geometry(d),Geography,Physics,Chemistry,Bookkeeping.

FirstYearJuniorEntrance.

CHIPPER,L.:Religion(dl,English, History,Latin(dl,Arithmetic(dl,Algebra(d),Geometry(dl,Geography Id(,Physics(d1,Chemistry1d).

DALY,R.:Religion,English,Algebra,Geometry,GeographyldI,Physics (d),Chemistry. FAGAN,G.:Religion(d),English, History,Algebra,Geometry,Physics, Chemistry(d).

FENN,R.:Religion(d),English, History,Algebra,Physics,Chemistry.

FERGUSSON,D.:Religion(d),English,History,Algebra,Geometry,Physics,Chemistry. FOSTER,B.:Religion(dl,English (d),History(d),Latin(d),Arithmetic (dl,Algebra(d),Geometry(d),Geography(d),Physics(d),Chemistry (d),Drawing(d).

HANNA,J.:Religion(dl,English, History,Latin(d),Algebra,Geometry (d),Geography,Physics,Chemistry(dl HAWKINS,D.:Religion(d),History,Physics,Chemistry.

TopRow M.Nallen, W.Potts, R.Cunningham, M.Elliott.

SecondRow P.Lynch, D.Carr, J.McFadden, W.Monaghan.

ThirdRow M.McGregor, G.Ryan, A.LePage.

FourthRow T.O'Neill, F.Martin, P.Elliott.

FifthRow: K.Ryan, S.Bailey, B.Duggan.

SixthRow J.Woufle, K.Woodthorpe,

HEALY,J.:Religion(d>,English, History(d),Latin(d)Arithmetic, Algebra,Geometry(d),Geography, Physics,Chemistry.

JEFFREY,R.:Religion(d),English,History(d,FirstPlaceinState), Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra(d),Geo. metry,Physics,Chemistry(d).

KEEFE,M.:Religion(d),English, Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra(d),Geometry,Physics,Chemistry(d).

MARSLAND,G.:Religion(d),English,History(dl,Latin(d),Arithmetic (d),Algebra(d),Geometry(d),Geography,Physics(d),Chemistry(d).

MILLER,K.:Religion,English, Latin),Algebra,Geometry(0,Geography,Physics,Chemistry(d).

MURPHY,A.:Religion(d),History,Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra(d), Geometry,Geography,Physics(dl, Chemistry.

NAUGHTON,J,:Religion,History, Physics,Chemistry.

O'BRIEN,C.:Religion(d),English, History,Latin(dl,Arithmetic(d), Algebra(d),Geomerty(dl,Geography,Physics(d,FirstPlaceinState), Chemistry(d).

O'LEARY,B.:Religion(d),English,History,Latin(dl,Arithmetic, Algebra,Geometry,Geography,Physics(dl,Chemistry(d).

O'LOUGHLIN,R.:Religion(d), English,Latin,Algebra(d),Geometry, Physics,Chemistry. O'MARA,P.:Religion1d),English, History,Algebra,Geometry,Geography,Physics(d),Chemistry.

O'NEILL,R.:Religion(dl,English, History(dl,Latin,Algebra,Geometry, Physics(d),Chemistry. RICHARDS,B.:English,History, Latin,Algebra,Geometry(dl,Geography(d),Physics,Chemistry(d).

RICHARDSON,J.:Religion(d), English,History,Algebra,Geometry (d),Geography,Physics(dl,Chemistry(d), SEERY,N.:Religion,Arithmetic, Algebra,Physics. SLAVEN,j.:Religion,English,Algebra,Geometry,Physics,Chemistry (d).

SLAVIN,D.:Religion,Algebra. SMITH,B.:Religion(d),English, History,Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra (d),Geometry(d),Geography,Physics(d),Chemistry(d). SMYTH,B.:Religion,English,History,Latin(d),Algebra,Geometry (d),Geography,Physics(d),Chemistry. SPOONER,L.:Religion(d),English,History,Latin(d),Arithmetic (d),Algebra,Geometry(d),Geography,Physics(d),Chemistry.

STUBBER,L.:Religion(d),English,History(dl,Latin(dl,Arithmetic,Algebra,Geometry,Geography, Physics(d),Chemistry, THOMAS,D.:Religion,English, History,Latin,Algebra(d),Geometry d),Geography,Physics(d),Chemistry(d).

TULLY,B.:Religion(d),English, History,Latin,Algebra,Geometry, Physics(d),Chemistry(d). WITTS,D.:Religion(d),English, History(d),Latin,Algebra,Geography,Geometry,Physics(d),Chemistry(d). WOOD,D.:English,History(d), Latin,Arithmetic,Algebra,Geography, Physics,Chemistry(d).

SCHOLARSHIPS.

AstheresultoftheScholarshipExaminationsheldattheSchoolinNovember,1941,thefollowingboyshave beenawardedScholarshipstoC.B.H.S.: No.1Scholarship HARRYASHBY,St.Columba's School,Bayswater. NEILSMITH,St.Joseph'sSchool, Bassendean. ROBERTBIGGS,St.Columba's School,Bayswater. No.2Scholarship: JOHNFARMER,C.B.H.S.

FRANKDOUGLAS,St.Mary'sConventSchool,Maylands.

HalfScholarships: ANTHONYBAKER,St.Mary's ConventSchool,Maylands. EMANUELMARTINO,41Johnstreet,WestPerth. ThePrincipalisavailableforinterviewsfromJanuary26.'PhoneB5844.

Aquinas

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE.

OUTSTANDINGPASSES:

THOMASB.CULLITY:Seven(7) Distinctions.

REDMONDG.PRENDIVILLE:Four (4)Distinctions.

ALBANE.TRAVERS:Four(4)Distinctions.

KENNETHM.McKENNA:Three(3) Distinctions.

Distinctionsobtainedin:English, French,Latin,Maths.AandB,Applied Maths.,History,Physics,Chemistry.

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE.

I3URKE,JOSEPIIN.:English, Latin,Maths,A(Dist.),Maths.B.Physics,Chemistry.

CORR,BRIANN.:English,Latin, History,Maths.A,Maths.B,Physics, Chemistry.

CULLITY,THOMASB.:English Dist.),Latin(Dist.),French(Dist.) Maths.A(Dist.),Maths.B(Dist.), Physics(Dist.),Chemistry(Dist.).

DURACK.NEALE.:Latin,Geography,Maths.A(1941),English,History,IndustrialHistoryandEconomics,Physics(1940).

EVANS,RODERICKP.:English, Latin,Maths.A.

GORDON,ALEXANDERII.:English,Latin,Maths.A,Maths.B,Chem. istry.AppliedMaths.(Dist.).

JONES,DESMONDT.:English, iiistory,Geography,Maths.A,Maths, B. McKENNA,KENNETHM.:English,Latin,Maths.A,Maths.R(Dist.), PhysicsDist.),Chemistry(Dist.),AppliedMaths. O'BRIEN,KENNETHC.:English, Latin,Geography,?laths.A,Maths.13 (Dist.),Chemistry(Dist,),Physics.

PAXTON,ALBERTP.:English, Maths.A,Maths.13,Physics,Chemistry,AppliedMaths.

PRENDIVILLE,GERALDR.:English,Maths.A(Dist.),Maths.B(Dist.) Physics,Chemistry(Dist.),Applied Maths.(Dist.).

PURVEY,JAMESD,:English, Latin,History,IndustrialHistoryand Economics.

RIGG,HERBERTW.:English, Latin,French,Chemistry.

SAWLE,KEVINJ.:English,Latin, Maths.A(Dist.),Maths.B(Dist.), Physics,DrawingB.

SAWLE,LAWRENCEM.:English, Latin,Maths.A,Maths.B.

STACK,THOMAS:English,Latin, Maths.A,Maths,B,Physics,Chemistry,AppliedMaths.(Dist.).

TRAVERS,ALBANE.:English, Latin(Dist.),French,History(Dist.), Maths.A,Maths.B(Dist.),Physics (Dist.).

JUNIORCERTIFICATE.

BOTHE,LLOYDD.:English,Latin, French,Geography,Maths,A,Maths. B,Physics,Chemistry.

BOTHE,RONALDH.:English, Latin,Geography,Maths,A,Maths.B, Physics,Chemistry.

College,Mount

EXAMINATIONRESULTS,1941

BULL,ASHLEYJ.:English,Maths. B,Physics,Chemistry.

CHRISTIANAANCISB.:English Latin,French,History,Maths.A, Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

CARR,MAURICED.:English, Latin,French,History,Geography, Physics.

CALDER,GEORGEJ.:English, History,Geography,Maths.A,Maths. 13,Physics,Chemistry.

COKER,RONALDP.:English, Maths.B,Physics,Music.

DEANE,KEVINJ.:English,His. tory,Maths.B,Chemistry,Drawing.

DEASE,JOHND.:English,History, Geography,Maths.A,Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

DWYER,GERALDJ.:English, History,Maths.A,Maths.B,Physics.

DYSON,CHAPMANG.:English, Latin,French,History,Maths.A, Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

DYSON,KINGSLEYH.:English, Latin,French,Geography,Maths.A, Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

ENSOR,EUGENED.:English,Geography,Maths.A,Maths,B,Physics. Drawing.

EVANS,GEORGE Engikh, Latin,History,Geography,Maths.A, Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

HOLLAND,ALBERTA.:English, French,Geography,Maths.A,Maths. B,Physics,Chemistry.

HALL,PETERB.:English,Latin, French,Geography,Maths.A.Maths. 13,Physics,Chemistry.

IIARROLD,ALEXANDERF,:English,Latin,French,History,Maths.A, Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

JENNINGS,BRIANG.:English, Latin,History,Geography,Maths.B.

JONES,JOHNS.:English,Latin, French,History,Maths.A,Maths.B, Physics,Chemistry.

JONES,MAURICES.:English, Latin,French,history,Maths.A, Maths.13,Physics,Chemistry.

KELLY,JOHN English,Latin. French,History,Maths.A,Maths.11, Physics,Chemistry.

LAWRENCE,BRIANW.:Ilistory, Geography,MathematicsB,Physics.

LEAHY,WILFREDA.:English, Latin,French,History,Maths.A, Maths.II,Physics,Chemistry.

LOCKTON,DESMONDD.:English, History,Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

:MALONEY,BRIANJ.:English, Latin,History,Geography,Maths.A, Maths,B,Physics,Chemistry.

MASEL,COLIN:English,History, Maths.B,Physics.

MEAGHER,PHILIPN.:English, Latin,French,Maths.A,Maths.B, Physics,Chemistry.

McKENNA,DONALDG.:English, Latin,French,Geography,Maths.A, Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

McKENNA,JOHN:English,Latin, French,History,Maths.A,Maths.B, Physics,Chemistry..

NOLAN,MICHAELV.:English, Latin,French,History,Maths,A, Maths.B,Physics,Chemistry.

OUTRIDGE,THOMASM.:English, History,Maths.B,Chemistry.

O'HARA,BRIANI.:English,Latin, French,Geography,Maths.A,Maths. B,Physics,Chemistry.

PELLE,JAMESD.:English,His. tory,Maths.B,Physics.

QUINLIVAN,BRIANJ.:English, Latin,French,History,Maths.A, Maths,B,Physics,Chemistry.

REILLY,ERNESTJ.:History,Geo. graphy,Maths.B,Physics,DrawingB.

STREICH,JOHNV.:English,History,Maths.A,Maths.B,Physics, Chemistry.

STREMPEL,JOHNH.:English, Latin,French,History,Maths.B,Phy. sics.

SHERIDAN,NEILP.:English, French,History,Geography,Maths.A, Maths.B,Physics,DrawingA.

TURNER,GERARDA,:English, French,History,Maths.B.

WALSH,JOHNW.:English,Latin, French,History,Maths.A,Maths.B, Physics,Chemistry.

KYNASTON,WILLIAMJ.:English, History,Maths.13,Drawing(1940), Geography,Maths.A(1941).

RIGG,BASILA.:English,History, Maths.B,Drawing(1940),Geography, Maths.A,Physics(1941).

SUB-JUNIOREXAMINATIONS, SecondYear.

40Presented;39Passed. PlacesinAggregate:

J.BOWEN:1st.placeStateAggregate.

M.HEENAN:3rd.placeStateAggregate. D.CULLITY:5th.placeStateAggregate. A.HINKLEY:7th,placeStateAggregate.

D.CALDER:10th.placeStateAggregate. FirstPlaceinSubjects. (Io.kRk(e)eNpVinEgN.Latin,Geometry(aeq.) Bookkeeping.)

M.IIEENAN:English.

C.MACNISH:French.

FIRSTYEAR

28Presented;28Passed. PlacesinAggregate.

E.HAYWOOD:2nd.placeinState Aggregate. F.BARNES:6th.placeinStateAg. gregate. FirstPlacesinSubjects.

13.REILLYAeq.)

E.HAYWOOD:English. J.PATON:Latin, W.ROSSITER:French.

F.I3ARNES,E.HAYWOOD:(Aeq.) Arithmetic.

THOMASBRENDANCULLITY.

LeavingCertificate:SevenDistinctions.

ALEXRODOREDA

BRYANT&WATERS

80to90STIRLINGST.,PERTH. WOODandCOALMERCHANTS.

St.Columba's,SouthPerth

JUNIORCERTIFICATEEXAMINA.

TION.

SHIRLEY'PARKES: English, French,MathematicsB,Geography, Botany,Music,DrawingA.

JACQUELINEPIESSE:English, French,MathematicsA,Mathematics 13,Geography,Botany,Music,Drawing A.

MARGARETBOUNSELL:English, Geography,PhysiologyandHygiene, Botany,DrawingA.

MAUREEND.CROW:English, French,MathematicsB,Geography, Music,DrawingA(1940),Mathematics A,PhysiologyandHygiene,Botany (1941).

EVELYNHAGLUND:English, Botany,Music,DrawingA(1940),MathematicsB,Geography,Physiology andHygiene,French(1941).

ALLIANCEFRANCAISEEXAMINATIONS.

GRADEIII.:MaureenD.Crow,EvelynHaglund,ShirleyParkes,Jacque. linePiesse.

GRADEIV.:SuzanneKlinesmith (Distinction).

MUSICRESULTS.

MAISIEHAMMER:GradeIPiano (Credit).

SHIRLEYPARKES:GradeIII. Piano(Credit);GradeIV.MusicalPerception(Honours).

SHEILAGAMBLE:GradeIII.MusicalPerception(Credit).

JACQUELINEPIESSE:GradeIII. Piano(Credit).

PATRICIAROBE:GradeIII. Piano(Credit);GradeIV.Musical Perception(Credit).

EVELYNHAGLUND:GradeIV. MusicalPerception(Credit).

WYNETTECARNGIIAM:Grade 11I.Piano(Pass).

VIDAELLIOTT:GradeIV.Musical Perception(Pass).

VERNAEGAN:GradeIV.Violin (TIonours);GradeIII.MusicalPerception(Pass).

DAVIDWILCOX:GradeIV.Piano credit);PreparatoryTheory(Honours).

MOLLYANDERSEN:GradeIV. Piano(Pass).

CYNTHIAIIARVEY Advanced JuniorTheory(Merit);GradeIV. Piano(Pass).

BETTYLOVERIDGE:JuniorTheory(Honours,98marks);GradeIV. Piano(Pass).

ROSEMERREEINWOOD:Grade V.Piano(Credit);PreparatoryTheory (Honours,98).

TERESAMURPHY:GradeV. Piano(Credit).

ELAINESAUNDERS:FirstSteps Piano(Honours);GradeV.Piano (Credit).

PHYLLISTURNER:GradeV. Singing(Credit);GradeV.Piano(Credit);JuniorTheory(Merit).

MERLEDIGGINS:GradeV.Piano (Credit):JuniorTheory(Honours,98).

NATALIEHARVEY:GradeV. Piano(Pass);JuniorTheory(Hon. ours).

PATRICIAPARKES:GradeV.Vio. lint(Oredit);PreparatoryViolin Pass);JuniorTheory(Honours,100 marks).

BERYLGOODIN:GradeVI.Piano Ilonours);PreparatoryTheory(Honours,98).

IOSIEBUTLER:GradeVI.Piano (Honours);PreparatoryTheory(HonDurs,99).

DAVIDWILSON:GradeVI,Piano (Credit);PreparatoryPiano(Pass).

10ANRUSSE:GradeVIPiano(Credit).

LOISANDERSEN:GradeVI.Piano (Pass);PreparatoryTheory(Pass).

RITAMURPHY:GradeVI.Violin (Pass);PreparatoryTheory(Credit).

ESMONDHADDEN:Preparatory Violin(83marks);PreparatoryTheory Honours).

JOANHALVORSON:Preparatory Theory(Honours,98);Preparatory Piano(82).

VALDABELCHER:Preparatory Piano(82,Pass).

LYLACOPE:InitialPiano(Merit); PreparatoryPiano(Pass,82).

BARRIECORNWALL:Preparatory Piano(Pass,78).

WINNIETRAINOR:Preparatory Theory(Merit). SHIRLEYGARDINER:JuniorThe. ory(Honours,100).

FREMANTLEFESTIVAL.

Elocution(Recitation,Under71. PaulineMurphy(First).

PianoSolo(Under14):MaisieHammer(Second).

PianoDuet(Under14):Shirley ParkesandMaisieHammer(Second).

VocalSolo(Under15):PhyllisTurner(Third).

W.A.MUSICALFESTIVAL.

PianoSolo(UnderII): Jammer(Third).

TRINITYCOLLEGEOFMUSIC.

ADVANCEDJUNIORTHEORY: ShirleyParkes.(SilverMedallist).

PLAINCHANTFESTIVAL, Chyronomy:ThelmaCurranFirst Place).

Harmonium:ShirleyParkes(1st. Under15;3rd.OpenSection).

LoretoConvent,Nedlands

ExaminationResults1941

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE.

M.CLAMP:EnglishId),French, History,MathematicsA,Commercial MethodsandBookkeeping.

J.RICHARDS:English,French, Botany,MathematicsA,Drawing. JUNIORCERTIFICATE.

B,CAMPBELL:English,French, Latin,Geography,Botany,Maths.B, Drawing,Music.

13.MATHEA:English,French,History,Geography,Botany,Maths.A, Drawing,Music.

K.F)OLEY:English,French,history,Botany,Maths.A,Maths.B, Drawing.

P.MAYHEW:English,French,History.Geography,Botany,Drawing, Music.

II.NASA:English,French,Latin, History,Botany,Maths,B.

D.DOLAN:English,French,Latin, Geography,Drawing,Music.

G.KINGSBURY:English,French, IIistory,Geography.

M.IIARDWICKE:Latin,addedto previousjuniorpass. ALLIANCEFRANCAISE. DIVISIONII.:M.Clamp(Pass'.

will beglazedwithhighestquality lensinattractiveframes.Visit SAINKENGSANEEN O./11,1111DOPTICIANI

NAYITNIX,AMB41.00 tr

DIVISIONIII:P.Anderson(d),G. Kingsbury(d),B.Sherzinger,N.Tippett.

DIVISIONIV.:D.Dolan(Distinction),firstprize;H.Nash,K.Foley,P. Mayhew,B.Campbell,B.Mathea. MUSICRESULTS.

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

PRACTICAL:

GRADEIII,PIANO:P.Cooke,D. Connor,H.Henderson. GRADEIV.PIANO:B.Cullity (Honours),M.Mayhew,R.Bertoli,M. Gwynne.VIOLIN:B.Wilkinson. GRADEV.PIANO-Credit:I.Dudley,M.Cullity,M.Gwynne,M.Mahon, N.Shepherd.Pass:E.Costello,J. Lilburne,G.Shenn,P.GavanDuffy,T. Dudley.

GRADEVI.PIANO-Credit:N. Shepherd,M.Nind,G.O'Sullivan,J. McCarter.Pass:E.Malloch,J.Taylor. PREPARATORYVIOLIN:B.Cullity.

MUSICALPERCEPTION:

GRADE111.Honours:D.Dolan, B.Campbell.Pass:P.Mayhew. GRADEIV.-Honours:M.Connor. )'ass:J.Bridgwood,P.Cooke.

THEORY:

GRADEIV.-Credit:S.Brooder. Pass:B.Mathea,P.Cruse,B.Cullity. GRADEV.-Honours:P.Dudley,D. Connor,II.Henderson,B.Wilkinson. Credit;R.Bertoli.

GRADEVIHonours:M.Mayhew, P.CavanDuffy,13.Cullity,G.Shenn, G.O'Sullivan,D.O'Hara.Credit:0, Woodland.Pass:M.Cullity. TRINITYCOLLEGE.

JUNIORPIANO:D.O'Hara(('ass withMerit). PERCUSSIONBAND-FirstSteps, Honours. PLAINCHANTFESTIVAL. CHOIR,Honours.

St.Joseph'sConvent,Pinjarra

JUNIORUNIVERSITYCERTIFICATE,1941.

ALICEHANNAY:Geography,MathematicsA,Biology(Botany)PhysiologyandHygiene,DrawingA,Music, HELGAGOERLING:German,Geography,Drawing,Music(1940),English (1941).

ANNELIESEGOERLING:English, German,History,Geography,BiologyBotany,Drawing(1940),Mathem3tics A(1941).

MARGARETREA:English,French, History,Geography,Biology,Drawing, DomesticScience,Physics(Bunbury high,1940),Shorthand(80),Typewriting(1941).

CITYCOMMERCIALCOLLEGE, PERTH.

Typewriting:

GRADEIV.:MargaretRea. GRADEV:JoanLuff, GRADEVI.:EllaIngles.

Shorthand:

GRADEVI.:JoanLuff.

Bookkeeping: GRADEVI.:MargaretRea,Tune Brown,JoanLuff.

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.-OCT.,1941.

PIANOFORTE:

GRADEII.:HelgaGoerling. GRADEIV.:AliciaTrinidad(Cre. dit),AliceHannay,AliceFauntleroy.

GRADEV,:AltheaFarrington illonours).

GRADEVI.:GeorgeMcDonald(Credit).

VIOLIN: BrianGorton(Honours).

MUSICALPERCEPTION:

GRADEII.:JuneBrown(Credit).

GRADEIII.:HelgaGoerling(Honours),AliceHannay(Credit),Alice Fauntleroy(Credit).

GRADEIV.:MeralRedmond(Honours),AliciaTrinidad(Credit),Althea FarringtonIt'rerlit1

TRINITYCOLLEGE-SEPT.,1941. PIANOFORTE:

HIGHERLOCAL:JuneBrown.

JUNIOR:AltheaFarrington(Merit).

INITIAL:DianaWarren(Merit), JuneStewart(Merit),EuniceAndrews (Merit),MarrianneDickinson(Merit).

THEORY:

INTERMEDIATE:MeralRedmond (Merit).

JUNIOR:GwenBritten(Honours), AliceHannay(Honours),FloraGilmour(Honours);AltheaFarrington (Honours),AliceFauntleroy(Merit).

PREPARATORY:BarbaraSiggs (Honours).

FIRSTSTEPS:LaurieSinclair (Honours),AliciaTrinidad(Honours). (Allpupilspresentedweresuccessful.)

St.Joseph'sConvent,Kellerberrin MUSICRESULTS

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

PRACTICAL(NOVEMBER,1941.)

GRADEII.:EvvieKennett(('re dit),TheresaO'Brien(Credit).

GRADEIII.:LaisGrewar(Credit), ElnaWilliams(Credit),VernaKennett(Credit),PatMcGinness(Credit), JoanO'Brien(Pass).

GRADEIV.:JoanNicholls(Credit).

GRADEV.:JoanGiles(Credit), VernaFalconer(Credit).

GRADEVI.IsabelMcCaig(Honours).

PREPARATORY:ReneI3agshaw (Credit).

MUSICALPERCEPTION.

GRADE111.:LaisGrewar(Honours),JoanNicholls(Honours).

GRADEIV.:EvvieKennett(Honours',EunicePunch(Honours),Joan O'Brien(Honours),TheresaO'Brien (Honours),VernaKennett(Honours).

TRINITYCOLLEGEOFMUSIC.

PRACTICAL(SEPTEMBER,1941).

INTERMEDIATE:PatMcCabe Merit),RitaFuchsbichler(Pass).

JUNIOR:BettyHastings(Merit), EileenO'Brien(Pass).

ADV.PREPARATORY:Pauline Starcevich(Merit),LorisFowler (Merit),MargaretKinlock(Pass).

PREPARATORY:MargaretO'Brien (Honours),LocalPrize.

FIRSTSTEPS:GlynInverarity (Honours),LocalPrize.

INITIAL:AudreyNewman(Pass).

THEORY,JUNE,1941. INTERMEDIATE:EunicePunch (Honours),LocalPrize.

ADV.JUNIOR:PatMcCabe(Honours),100marks,LocalPrize,

JUNIOR:PaulineStarcevich(Honours),100marks,LocalPrize;Pat McGinness(Honours),100marks; JoanGiles(Honours),100marks; EileenO'Brien(Honours);Betty Hastings(Honours),VernaFalconer (Honours).

PREPARATORY:MargaretO'Brien (Honours),100marks,LocalPrize; ThelmaDrennan(Honours),100 marks;LorisFowler(Honours).

FIRSTSTEPS:IsabelMcCaig(Honours),100marks,LocalPrize;Beryl Hayes(Honours),100marks;Joyce Farrell(Honours),100marks;MarjorieIIayes(Honours).

JUNIORUNIVERSITYEXAMINATION.

JOANO'BRIEN:English,History, French,Drawing,Music,Shorthand.

BERYLTALBOT:English,French, Drawing,Music(1940),Shorthand, Typewriting.CommercialMethodsand Bookkeeping.

BONNIEMcCARTHY:English, History,French,MathematicsB,Drawing,Music(1940),MathematicsA, Shorthand,Typewriting,Commercial MethodsandBookkeeping(1941).

JOANNICHOLLS:English,MathematicsA,Music.

FootComfortGuaranteed

St.Joachim'sConventSchool,VictoriaPark

UNIVERSITYOFWA.

JUNIORANDLEAVING'CERTIFICATE.

10Entered;9CompletePasses1to beCompleted.

LEAVING:

F.JONES:English,Geography,MathematicsA,Drawing,Commercial MethodsandBookkeeping.

JUNIOR:

C.13UBBEnglish,History,Geography,Math.A,Maths.B,Biology. Drawing,Music,CommercialMethods andBookkeeping.

M.BUTLER:English,History, Drawing,Music,CommercialMethods andBookkeeping.

K.DOWNES:English,Geography, Biology,Drawing,CommercialMethodsandBookkeeping.

J.GROGAN:English,Arithmetic, Biology,Drawing.

M.GOWANS:English,Hist.u-y, Geography,Latin,Biology,Draw;pg, CommercialMethodsandBookkeeping.

M.LONERGAN:English,History, Geography,Maths.A,Maths,B,Biology,Drawing,CommercialMethods andBookkeeping.

B.McGILLIVRAY:English,History,Geography,Maths.A,Biology, Drawing,CommercialMethodsand Bookkeeping.

L.PARRY:English,Latin,History, Geography,Maths.A,Biology,Drawing,CommercialMethodsandBookeep. ing.

J.SMITH:(Completed1910Corti. ficate.):History,Maths.A,MathsB, Biology,Drawing,CommercialMethods andBookkeeping.

V.CARROLL:1940,8subje,ts;1941, addedMaths.A. J.McCANN:1940,6subjects;1941, addedLatin. COMMERCIAL.

J.PHELAN:AdvancedShorthand; GradeIII.Typewrit'ng STOTT'SBUSINESSCOLLEGE. Scholarship:T.Martin. COMMONWEALTHPUBLICSER-

VICE-FOURTHDIVISION.

M.PARRY,11.TWYCROSS,J. SMITH,J.GROGAN. SPORT.

SWIMMING,TENNISANDBASKET

BALL(Instructor:MajorSaunders).

LIFESAVING: BRONZEMEDAL:IM1.RTEN.

PROFICIENCYCERTIFICATES:

GIRLS:B.McGillivray,E.Mackie, K.Downes,M.Gowans,J.Poole,M. Butler,C.Smith,E.Solomon

BOYS:J.McCann,J.Grogan,J. Smith,J.Edwards.

SWIMMINGCARNMAL:

OPENCHAMPIONSHIP:I.Martin, 1st.;C.Smith,2ndM.Gowar.,3rd.

OVER14:I,Martin,1st.;M.Gowans, 2nd.;B.McGillivray,3rd.

UNDER14:E.Solomon,1st.:J. Gowans,2nd.;E.Day's,3rd.

UNDER12:P.Tondut,1st.;M. Fitzpatrick,2nd.;S.Jones,3rd.

DIVING: OPENCHAMPIONSHIPC.Smith, 1st.;A.Watson,2nd.;S.Hill,3rd.

SCULLING:

OVER14:B.McGillivray,1st.;M. Gowans,2nd.;I.Martha,3rd.

UNDER14:E,Davis,1st.:J. Gowans,2nd.;C.Smith,3rd.

ST,JOACHIM'SCOMBINEDJUNIORANDPREPARATORYVERSESPEAKINGCHOIRS,BOTH WHICHOBTAINEDHONOURSINTHERECENTTRINITYCOLLEGEEXAMINATIONS.

WADERS:

UNDER10:P.Heagney,1st.;M. McCann,2nd.;P.Fitzpatrick,3rd. TENNIS.

ST.JOACHIM'SSCHOLARSHIP,1941 B.Twycross,A.Magher.

SCHOOLTOURNAMENT: GIRLS'CHAMPIONSHIP.

SENIORGRADE:B.M.-...;.;i1livray, 1st.:J.Phelan,2nd.

INTERMEDIATEGRADE:R. Jones,1st.;S.Hill,2nd.

JUNIORGRADE:M.Fitzpatrick, 1st.;B.Rankin,2nd.

BOYS'CHAMPIONSHIP:J.McCann,1st.;J.Edwards,2nd. MUSICRESULTS.

GERTRUDE PRENDERGAST: GradeIPiano(Pass).

MARYBUTLER:GradeIII.,Musi calPerception(Credit).

VALMAIKEALS:GradeIV.Piano (Pass);PreparatoryPiano,T.C.L, (Merit)JuniorTheory,T.C.L.(Honours,85marks).

EILEENBUTLER:JuniorPiano, T.C.L.(Pass).

SHIRLEYLANDWEHR:Junior Theory,T.C.L.(Honours,88marks)

RHEACALDER:GradeIII,Piano (Credit).

GERALDINEHORGAN-Junior Theory,T.C.L.(Honours,99r-,ks)

PATRICIAHARFORD:Advanced Junior,Theory,T.C.L.(Merit)

ELAINESOLOMON:JuniorTheT.0L.(Merit).

VINCENTWILLIAMS:Advanced JuniorTheory,T.C.L.(Honours,90

marks);JuniorPiano,T.0L.(Pass); GradeV.Piano(Credit). RUTH(O'CONNOR:JuniorPiano, T.C.L.(Merit1;GradeV.P:ano(Credit).

ROSEMARIEJONES:GradeVI. Piano(Pass).

SHEILAJONES:PreparatoryThe. ory,T.C.L.(Merit).

BRIANCHARLES:Preparatory Theory,T.C.L.(Honours,90marks); GradeV.Piano(Credit/. VIOLETCARTER:GradeV.Pia.. (Pass).

PATRICIATONDUT:GradeV. Piano(Credit);PreparatoryTheory, T.C.L.(Honours,98marks).

MERTONIAFITZPATRICK:Pre. paratoryTheory,T.C.L.(Honours,98 marks)FirstStepsPiano(Honours, 85marks).

MARYWELLS:PreparatoryTheory,T.C.L.(Honours,97marks)Grade VI.Piano(Pass),

MARYMcCANN:PreparatoryTheory,T.C.L.(Merit);PreparatoryPiano, University(Pass).

ROSEMARYCAPSTICK:PreparatoryPiano,T.C,L.(Merit).

BERNICEDEVEREDL:Junior Piano,T.C.L.(Merit).

JUNEOMA:GradeV.Violin(Pass).

IONEKRUSE:PreparatoryGrade, University(Pass).

PETERPEACOCK:Preparatory Grade,University(Pass).

ELAINEWRIGHT:GradeVI. Piano(Merit).

BILLYWOODS:FirstSteps,Piano, T.C.L.(Merit),

OF

ELOCUTIONRESULTS.

TRINITYCOLLEGE,LONDON.

SHIRLEYMOYLAN:SeniorPrac. tical(Merit).

VINCENTWILLIAMS:Junior (Merit).

ROSEMARIEJONES:Advanced Preparatory(Merit).

ANNEGRANT:Preparatory(Pass).

MARGARETO'131RIEN:Preparatory(Pass).

IONEKRUSE:Preparatory(Pass).

MAXWELLELDREDGE:First Steps(Merit).

BETTYMcLAUGHLIN:FirstSteps (Pass).

NEVILLEHILLS:FirstSteps(Pass)

PATRICKO'BRIEN:FirstSteps (Pass). OURLADYOFMERCYCOLLEGE JUNIORVERSESPEAKINGCHOIR: Honours,91marks).

ST.JOACHIM'SJUNIORVERSE SPEAKINGCHOIR:Honours,89 marks).

OUR'LADYOFMERCYCOLLEGE PREPARATORYVERSESPEAKINGCHOIR:Honours,86marks).

ST.JOACHIM'SPREPARATORY VERSESPEAKINGCHOIR:Honours,85marks).

ST.JOACHIM'SPREPARATORY BOYS'VERSESPEAKINGCHOIR: Merit. ARTOFSPEECH.

UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

SHIRLEYHILL:GradeIV(Pass).

ELAINEGOODE:GradeV.(Honours).

JOHNCURRAN:GradeV.(Credit).

GWENNETHWERNDLY:Grade V.(Credit).

PATRICIATONDUT:GradeVI. (Credit).

BERNADETTEPRATLEY:Grade VI.(Credit).

MARYMcCANN:GradeVI.(Pass).

SHEILAJONES:GradeVI.(Pass).

MARGARETREIDY:GradeVI. (Pass).

RITAWEST:GradeVI.(Pass).

HOLYNAMESCHOOL,CARLISLE

BERYLMONKHOUSE:GradeIV. (Honours).

LESLIELANGOULANT:GradeV. (Credit).

IRISWERNDLY:GradeVI.(Pass)

ELAINEDYBALL:Preparatory Grade,University(Pass).

JOANTRAINE:PreparatoryPiano, T.C.L.(Pass).

ST.ANNE'SSCHOOL,BELMONT

CARMELWOODS:Preparatory Grade,University(Pass).

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St.Anthony'sConventof Mercy,Coolgardie

RESULTSOFEXAMINATIONSHELDBYTHEUNIVERSITYOF W.A.INNOVEMBER,1941.

LEAVINGCERTIFICATE.

MARYBAKER:English,MathematicsA,DrawingA,Commercial MethodsandBookkeeping,Industrial HistoryandEconomics.

JUNIORCERTIFICATE.

JEANWILLMAN:English,History, Geography,Maths.A,DrawingA,DomesticScience,PhysiologyandHygiene,CommercialMethodsandBookkeeping.

PEGGYCROOK:English,History, Geography,Maths.A,DrawingA, PhysiologyandHygiene,Commercial MethodsandBookkeeping.

MARGARETBARRON:English, Geography,Maths.A,DrawingA,PhysiologyandHygiene,CommercialMethodsandBookkeeping.

MARNIETIPPETT:English,History,Geography,Maths.A,Drawing A,DomesticScience.

JOYSMITHERS:English,History, Maths.A,DrawingA,Music.

BONNIEHORTON:English,Geography,DrawingA,DomesticScience, CommercialMethodsandBookkeeping.

GRIFFDAVEY:History,Geo. graphy,Maths.A,Maths.B,Drawing A.

JOHNCAHILL:English,History, Geography,DrawingA.

PATO'BRIEN:English,History, Geography,DomesticScience.

BERYLPRATT:(1940)English, 11i<tory,DrawingA,DomesticScience;

BERNICEDEMOREST.

BerniceDemorest,age13years,gainedExhibitionsforGradeI.Pianoforte andAdvancedSeniorPianoforte;State MedalsforAdvancedSeniorPiano forteandAdvancedIntermediateTheory.Theexaminer'sremarksareas follows:"Showsdefinitemusicalpro mise,naturalfacility,rhythm,touch andmusicalidea.Goodinallsections.

PERCUSSIONBAND,ST.ANTHONY'S,COOLGARDIE.

AwardedHonoursintheIntermediateDivisionbyDr.EdgarFord,Examiner forTrinityCollege,London.

(1941)Geography,CommercialMethodsandBookkeeping.

CONVENTOFMERCY,NORSEMAN.

CYNTHIAPICK:English,French, History,Geography,Maths,A,DrawingA. COMMERCIAL.RESULTS. STOTT'SBUSINESSCOLLEGE.

Bookkeeping:

GradeI.:BerylPratt. GradeIII.:KathleenLancaster, JeanRichardson.

GradeIV.:DorothyKenny,Norah Sanders.

Typewriting: GradeIII.:KathleenLancaster,Ade laideHammer.

GradeIV.:JeanRichardson. MUSICRESULTS. EXHIBITIONSANDSTATE MEDALS.

UNIVERSITYOFWA.

GradeI.:BerniceDemorest,Exhibitionof£8.

GradeV.:AilsaEllis,Exhibitionof £3.

TRINITYOOLLEGEOFMUSIC.

AdvancedSenior:BerniceDemorest, Exhibitionof£6. HigherLocal:StateMedalPianoforte-FrancesMoran.

AdvancedSenior:StateMedalPianoforte-BerniceDemorest.

AdvancedIntermediate:StateMedal Theory-BerniceDemorest, UNIVERSITYOFW.A.

GradeI.-Honours:B.Demorest,age 13years,90.Credit:MargaretLin ton,age13years. GradeII-Violin--Credit:B.De. morest.

GradeIII.-Credit:J.Smithers,J. Moresby,M.Robottom.Pass:M. Sheehan,J.Sheehan. GradeIV.-Honours:P.Orr,89. Credit:G.Cullen,F.Cruickshank.

GradeV.-Honours:P.Coiling,90; A.Ellis,89.Credit:J.Crutchett.

GradeVI.-Honours:M.Macmillan, 92;M.McGowan,89;M.Jones,85. Credit:P.Mitchell,V.Crutchett,B. Davison,T.Chellew.

Preparatory:M.Vinneir,87;R.Drew, 84;V.Banham,75.Violin:T.Cullen, 84.

MusicalPerception.

GradeIII.-Honours:B.Demorest, 96.Credit:M.Linton.

TRINITYCOLLEGE,LONDON.

Intermediate.-Merit:B.Martin.

Junior-Merit:P.Orr.

Preparatory-Honours:A.Ellis,85.

Merit:M.Jones.

FirstSteps-Merit:B.Franks.Pass: E.Hewitt.

Initial-Honours:E.Kahner,85,6 years.Merit:M.Wilson,J.Godfrey, M.Eddy,6years.Pass:N.Baker, V.Pereira. PercussionBand.

Intermediate-Honours,86.

THEORETICAL.

JuniorDivision-Honours:P.French (100marks),B.Teahan(100),M.Sheehan(95),P.Colling(92).Merit:F. Cruickshank;M.Davey(95).

FirstSteps-Honours:M.Jones (100),M.McGowan(100),T.Cullen (100),M.Macmillan(99),V.Crutchet (95),P.Mitchell(95),B.Davison(92), A.Ellis(94),E.Hewitt(87),T.Chellew(85).

PIP4.441WP.0.004.11,04.000.04.441,01.04.4

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TRILL=DAIRY. 120

MT.LAWLEY. 'Phone:U2532.

-THEBusbies'Corner

DearCornerites,-Thisweekbrings usmanyfeastsofparticularnote.TodayistheFeastofSt.FrancisdeSales, whowasaBishopandisnowaSaint andDoctoroftheChurch.HerenouncedanearldomandabrilliantcareerinordertowinbacksoulstoGod. Duringthecourseofhispriestlymissionhewasrejectedwithinsultsand oftenthreatenedwithdeath,butfinally hetriumphedoverhisenemiesandhis gentlenesswonbacktotheChurch 72,000peoplewhohadbecomeCalvinists.Hehadafavouritesaying,"You willcatchmoreflieswithaspoonful ofhoneythanwithahundredbarrels ofvinegar."

Saturdayisthefeastofamodern Saint,whoispatronofmodernyouthSt.JohnBosco.ThenewchapelrecentlyopenedatBoys'Town,Clontarf, wasdedicatedtohismemory.

Mondayisthebiggestfeastofall, forthenwecelebratethePurification ofOurLady.Thisisonlyoneofthe verymanyfeastsofOurBlessedLady whichtheChurchholdsduringthe year,butitisalsooneofthemostimportant,andisaspecialdayofdevotionforallCatholicgirlsandboys.

Gillingarra.

DearAuntBessy,-Thisismyfirst lettertoyou.Iamsendingyoua fewusedstamps,alsoasmalldonation foryourappeal.Isawin"TheRecord"thatyougota£100lastyear. IlikereadingtheBushies'Corner.I havejustreturnedfromafortnight's holidayatRockingham.Itwaslovelydownthere.Weusedtogoswimming,ortryingto,everyday.Itis veryhotto-day.Theschoolswillbe openagainveryshortlynow.Patsy stayedinPerthlastnighttogether teethseento.Shewillcomehometonight,Ithink.Withlove.

BETTYKELLY,

DearBetty,-Iamsogladtohear thatyouhavebeenenpoyingyour holidaysatRockingham.Itwascertainlythebestplaceduringallthehot weather.Idon'tsupposeyouwill feelverymuchlikegoingbackto schoolaftersuchagrandtime.Poor Patsy!Idohopeherteethwillnot giveheranymoretrouble.Thankyou verymuchforrememberingtheBushiesduringtheholidays.Notmany littleCorneritesdo,youknow. AUNTBESSY.

Yarloop.

DearAuntBessy,-Pleasefindenclosedpostalnotefor5s.forafavour receivedthroughSt.Anthony,anda promisemadetopay5s.ifmyrequest wasgranted.Iamgladyougotthe £100for1941,andhopeyouwillbe luckyfor1942.

AWELLWISHER.

DearWellwisher,-Thankyouso muchforthe5s,IthelpedtheCornerquitealotthisweek,andespeciallywhensomanyotherCorneritesseem

THERECORD.

TheFeastofthePurificationofOurLadyisonMonday,February2.

PiusXBeatificationExpected ThisYear

ItisannouncedfromtheVatican,accordingtoAgencymessages,thatthe beatificationofPopePiusX.maybe expectedthisyear.Eversincethe deathofthesaintlyPontiffinthefirst monthsofthelastwar,whichbroke

hisheart,thecauseofhisbeatification andcanonisationhasbeenpressed,and littledoubtaboutthesuccessofthe causehasexisted.ThelastPope beraisedtothealtarswasSt.Pius V.,whobecamePopein1566.

BritishArmyHas165Irish Chaplains

OnlyPadrestobeDecorated

Ninety-fourofthe384priestsnow servingintheEnglishArmyaschaplainsarepriestswerewerebornin Ireland.Another71areIrishpriests borninEngland

VaticanRadioremarkedrecently thatIrishBishops"havenothesitated forthespiritualbenefitofmanyCatholicsoldierstoplaceagoodlynumberofpriestsatthedisposalofthe OrdinaryoftheEnglishArmy."

Twenty-fiveofthe94chaplainsborn inIrelandarepriestsfromDublin. TheotherscomefromCork,11;Galway,6;Belfast,2;Kildare,3;Waterford,5;Meath,6;Westmeath,1;Car-

low,1;Longford,3;Kilkenny,3;Tipperary,8;Wicklow,2;Kerry,4; Queen'sCounty,1;King'sCounty,2; Elphin,1;Sligo,1;Limerick,3;Cavan, 1Mayo,2;Down,1;Clare,1;Enniskillen,1. TheVicar-GeneralfortheArmy, Mgr.JohnCoghlan,comesfromWestmeath.

IrishpriestsaretheonlyCatholic chaplainswhohavebeenawardeddecorationsduringthiswar.Theyare Mgr.Coghlan,whowontheC.B.E.; FatherT.F.Duggan,andFatherB. McCreton,bothofwhomwereawarded theMilitaryCross.

ThisisFeminism

Feminismassuch-women'sattempt toachieveeconomicandpoliticalequalitywithmen-wasamovementborn intheAnglo-Saxoncountries;andthat foraprecisereason(explainsamodernwriter).Itwasoneofthemany by-productsofPuritanphilosophy.It wasessentiallyamovementofreaction;firstandforemostaprotest againsttheintolerable.Thatsituationhas,however,improvedsincethe daysofthefirstFeminists;Puritan rulesofbehaviourhavelostgroundall overtheworldand,thoughitisstill impossibletoforeseeintowhatform theywillcrystallise,thestrait-jacket whichtheyimposedonsocietywillultimatelybecastoffaltogether.

Itwasthisstrait-jacketthatthe Feministsprotestedagainst,forPuritanmoralspressedfarmorehardlyon womenthanonmen.Theyledtoa verysingularconceptionofwhatthe commercebetweenthesexesshould be-amixtureofstickysentimentality andtheScarletWoman.Nosuchprejudiceeverpenetratedoutsidethe Puritancountries,andthereforeonlyin PuritancountrieswasFeminismreally strong.Insocietieswherethefemale halfofthepopulationonthewholereceivedwhatitwantedfromtheother half,therewasnopiledupsenseof frustrationonwhichtheFeministdoctrinescouldwork.

Feminismhasconsequentlychanged inaspectagooddealsinceitsinception.Theoriginalshock-troops,the ferociousmasculinewomen,determinedtoasserttheirindependenceandintellectualequalitywiththeothersex, scornfullycontemptuousofthefeminineroleinlife,havebeenexposedfor whattheyare-beingswhoareessen tiallytobepitied.

Nonetheless,therecanbenoquestionofputtingwomenbackintheir formerplaces,sincetheyhavechanged tosuchanextent.Theirnewstatus, onthecontrary,hascreatedanewset ofproblemswhichtheymustfaceand solveinatrulyfemininemanner"Zealandia."

CALENDARS

Differentsystemsofcountingyears wereinuseinancienttimes.TheJews, forexample,datedtheirCalendarfrom thesupposeddateofthecreationof theworld.ThuswhenChristcame theywereintheyear3760.TheRomansnumberedtheiryearsfromthe supposedfoundationoftheircity. Thus,withthem,theyearofChrist's birthwasabout751.Ofcoursethe practiceofnumberingyearsfromthe beginningoftheChristianeradidnot comeintouseuntilseveralcenturies afterOurLord'stimewhentheRoman EmpirehadbecomeChristian,.Itwas, infact,amonkofthesixthcentury whofixedthepresentChristianera. Nothavingourmodernscientificknowledge,itwaseasytomakeamistake incalculationsgoingbackoverthe years.

UptoacertainpointtheChristians stilldatedeventsfromthefoundation ofRome.Whatwenowcalltheyear 500,forexample,theywouldhave called1251.Attemptstomakethe yearconsistofanexactnumberof evendaysormonthsnaturallycaused slighterrors.Anerrorofonedayin ayearwouldcauseseriousdifference overalongperiodofyears.So,when alearnedmonkdecidedtochangethe years1251into500,itisjustpossible thatheshouldhavemadeit501or502.

CENTRALCATHOLICLIBRARY

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PROCERAVIENNA,CREMALT,HEALTH,CURRANT. ALLTYPESOFFANCYBREADSANDROLLS. DualCupWinners.RoyalShow,1938. Bakery:McMASTER