TheCatholicChurchandSlavery
BY11'llilarl11lNlarkoe. Slaveryisadeadissue.Itswound, however.stillranklesinthebreastsof intellectualcolouredfolks.Among thesearemanyleadersandthinkers withhazy'lotionsconcerningthephilosophicalandhistoricalattitudeofthe CatholicChurchtowardsslavery.They eoncelveherasthefrightfulmonster ifa''larkage."responsiblefurallthe tyrannicalandbarbarousinstitutions ahiehprecededtheadventofProtestntsm -theirimaginationsconjure upSpanishgrandeesservedbycrouchingMoriscos.princeBishopsseictedbeforegrovelingminions,ordespotic PopesofRomechainingtheirprisoners tothegalleysor,attheinstigationof aLasCasasandaXimenez,command" ingtheimportationofNegroesfrom Africatobedriventodeathinthe metalminesofChileandPeru.AccordingtotheirvagueideasitWasafter thedawnofthelightofthepureGospelonly,inthesixteenthcentury.that forcesbegantooperatewhichreached theirculminationinthehumanitarian principleswhicheffectedthedestructionofslavery.Theydonotrealise thatitwasafterthesixteenthcentury onlythatslaverywasextended throughouttheworldasarecognised institutiontoadegreeunknownsince
eversanctionedwhathasbeenpopularlycalledtheslave-trade.Onthe contrary,shehaseverbeenmostloud inhercondemnationandhervoiceof protesthasfrequentlyresounded throughouttheworld.In1462Pius II.declaredSlaverytobea"great crime."In1537PaulIll.forbadethe enslavementoftheIndians.Urban VIII.didthesamein1039-andBenedictXIV.in1741.PiusVII.demandedtheCongressofViennathesuppres. side'oftheslave-trade.GregoryXVI. condemnedtheodioustrafficin1839. PiusIXcalledthe-work.iftheslavetradersoneof"supremevillainy."In 1888LeoXIII.addressedatouching lettertotheBishopsofBrazilurging themtoroutoutintheircountrythe lastremnantsofslaveryThesame greatPopein18210issuedanencyclical letteragainsttheslave-tradeand"the accursedpestofservitude."andorder erlthatanannualcollectionbetaken upinallCatholicchurchestoassist andfurtheranti-slavework. Inspiteofthesefactssomehave attemptedtoimpugnthetimehonouredattitudeoftheCatholicChurchtowardsslaveryIds-ClaimingthatLas Casas,oneofherBishopswasresponsiblefortheintroductionofNegroslavthefirstcenturiesafterthefallofthecry-intotheNewWorld,Thisisnot RomanEmpire.andthatthereisnotrue.Asearlyas1505Negroeswere powerorinfluenceonearthtowhichsenttoAntillestoworkinthemines. wearesoindebtedforthealmosttotalIn1517LasCasasadvocatedtheuseof----"1"`"` abolitionofslaveryto-dayastotheCa-NeflroslavesHedidsohoweveras tholicChurch. ameasureofreliefonlyfortheoppresBeginningwiththeevilsofpagansedIndianswhomheconsideredlessfit Romansociety,fornigh2.000yearsthephysicallytoendurethehardshipsof Churchhasstruggledandbattledwiththemetalmines.Ifhesponsored unchristianabusestheworldover,un-slavery,hedidsoonlyinbehalfof titto-daynoforceforgoodcanbecorn-slaves.Hisintentionswereundoubtparedtoherinthetellingblowsstruckedlygood,thoughillogical,ashehiminbehalfofsufferinghumanity.ChristselfafterWardsrealised.Injudging HimselfshowedaspecialpredilectionLasCasaswemustconsiderthetimes fortheoutcastandthepoor,andwithinwhichhelived.SlaverywasramthepropagationofChristianitybeganpant.Greedcausedittobegenerally alevellingprocessbetweenrichandcountenanced-Thoughthemethods poor-masterandslaw,ofwhichtheofLasCasaswerefaulty-hewasthe ancientpaganworldhadbeenunablemostpassionateanti-slaveryagitator eventoconceive..Fromtheeailiestofhis.day.Hetriedtodealwitha timesthepoorhadtheG.,spelpreachedverydifficultproblemanddevotedhis tothemandslavesweretaughttoliewholelifetothepreachingofthedoes obedienttotheirmasters.Nutthattrineoffreedomasbestheknewhow. theChurchtherebyencouragedslaver,.Hewasfarinadvanceoftheagein butbecausesheknewthatitwasinwhichhelivedandinallthathedid thepractiseofalltheChristianvirtues thatthesafestandsurestinfluence couldbeexertedfortheeradictionu. anycurse.Resultsvouchedforher wisdom.Shecountedherchildren amongtheinmatesoftheimperialpal acesoftheCaesarsaswellasamong thelowliestbondsmen.AllmettogethertoworshiptheircommonFather whomadeHissuntoshineuponthe bondandthefree:andmasterand slavereciprocatedinthepractiseof Christiancharity.,FrequentlyChristianmastersliberatedtheirslaveseven atthesacrificeofmuchwealth.and ofte*afaithfulslavewasthemeansof amaster'sconversion. ThewisdomofChrisesandHis Clidrch'steachingandmethodwasto beseenalsoinasteadilyimproved conditionofslavesandfinallyinthe oadualbutsuredisappearanceofthe evilwherevertheinfluenceofChris' tianitywasstrongenoughtoovercome thetraditionsandthecuatarnsofthe ages.Thus,pricertothe4eformation avastchangewastobeseeninthe civilisedworldwithregardtoslavery. Thenotoriousnumberofslavesthat existedinRomantimeswasnotonly greatlyreduced,butthestatusofthe slavewasinfinitelyelevated.TheancientRomanworldcontemnedlabour andostracisedthetoiler,whetherbond orfree-Christianitydignifiedlabour. ChristHimselfhadbeenacarpenter. Theapostlessupportedthemselveswith theirhands.St.Paulwasatentmaker.TheRomanlawviolatedthemost sacrednaturalrightsoftheslave.Ile wasdeemedachattel.Lawfdlmarriageandparenthoodweredeniedhim. Thelawdidnotprotecthishonour. Christianity,onthecontras,.granted absoluteequalitytotheslaveinallthe essentialsofreligion.Inhereyesthe marriageofaslavewasaholyandu.violableSacrament. 'Therocignited themaritalandpaternalpower:of slaveparents.Apostoliccenstitutions commandedthemastertoseetoitthat hisslavecontracted"alegitimatemarriage."TheChurchzealouslyguarded thesacredhonourofallherchildren, bondandfree.St.Johnt7hryiddistoin taughtthat"hewhohasimmoralrelationswiththewifeofaslaveisasculpableashewhohasthelikerelations withthewifeofaprince."Thatthis religiousequalitywaspractisedaswell aspreachedintheearlyChurchmay Ileseenfromthefactthatsomeofthe firstPopes,asPiusinthesecondcenturyandCallistusinthethird.were menwhohadbeenslaves.Withthe disseminationopthecommonteaching anddisciplineofCatholicismthroughouttheworlditwasaforegoneconclusionthatslaverywasdestinedtobe 'weakenedand'even,itmaybesaki, doomedtoextinction.
Itisoftenobjected.however.that the-Churchdidwronginootcondemningslaveryoutrightiuprinciple.Such contentionratherindicatesignorance ofacomprehensiveethicalaspectof slaveryoralackofappreciationofthe timesandconditionswithwhichthe Churchhadtodeal.Tohavecondemnedallformsofslaveryabsolutely inthedaysofConstantinemighthave causedanupheavalfarmoredisastrous thantheevilofslavery.Noristhere anyassurancethatsuchapolicywould haveobliteratedslavery.Mostlikely itwouldhaverenderedthecondit:onof slavesmorewretchedandruinedthe Church'sgrowingprestigeindealing withtheproblem.Shechoseasane.* andmoreeffectivetours..ofattion. Timehasprovedthewisdomofher method. NorwastheChurheasel; cbligedtocondemnslaveryunequivocally fromthemoralstandp-..int.Theitewiitiedformofbondagewhich,asthefirst steptowardsemancipationshestrove tosubstituteforunrestrainedabuse, cannothesaidtohavebeenmorally wrong.Astherearejustifiablereasonsforwhichamanmustforfeithis life,sothere.maybereasonsinthe courseofjusticebywhirl,onecould lawfullybereducedtoalimiteddegree ofslavery.TheChurch,however,in allitslonghistoryhasneverpretende todefendunmitigated.slaveryasitexistedinthelastcentury,norhasshe
wasguidedbytrulyhumanemotives. ItmustberememberedalsothatLas CasaswasnottheCatholicChurch. WhattheChurchtaughtandpractised withrespecttoslaveryinthefirst, second,andthirdcenturies,shetaught andpractisedinthesixteenth,seventeenth,andeighteenthcenturies,and sheteachesthesameto-day.Hertrue attitudemustbestudiedinheruniform,historicaldealingswithslavery;it mustbelearnedfromhergreatcouncilsandfromherIt'opes.Throughout theagesshehasbeenthedefenderof slaves.Shehaslegislatedintheirbehalf;hervoicehaseverbeenraisedin theirdefense.ShehasestablishedOrdersheroicmenfortheredemption ofcaptivesnotablytheTrinitarians andtheOrderofMercy.Hermissionariesandofficiallyrecognisedsaints arethetruestexponentsofherteachings.ThegreatSt.PeterClever,the apostleandprotectoroftheNegroes, isanheroicexample.UndertheleadershipofthePopesthehierarchyofthe Catholicworld,forhundredsofyears, hasbeendirectlyinstrumental'nalleviatingthepitiableconditionofslaves andinhasteningtheirfinalemancipation.Thisgreatworldoedeinfluence, furcenturiesquietlybutconstantly bringingpressuretobearinbehalfof freedom,hasbeenthemainfactorin theultimateobliterationofslaveryin allcivilisedcountries. Ingeneral-tooitistobenotedthat themanumissionofslavesinCatholic countrieshasnotbeensomuchern 'titteredby ensuingstigmaand odiumwhichhavebeentheheritageof freedmeninotherlandswhereCathol.r:smwasnotpredominaht.Unlike themultitudinousChristiansects,aptly callednon-Catholic.theuniversal ChurchhaseverprovedherDivine characterbysteadfastlyrefusingtoadmitanydistinctionofcasteintheessentialsofreligionnorhassheever allowedtheformationofindependent racialgroupsconcededinalooseway onlytobewithinthepaleofthemother Church.Shehasevertaughtandpractisedauniversalcharity.Shehas evermaintaiidalbutoneshepherdand onefoldforallmen,bundandfree, whiteandblack.
Gosnells-Maddiogton
Theresidents,ofGosnellsandMaddingtondistrictsheldtheirfourthanmutualSt.Patrick'sDaySportsonSaturday,March24,ontheGosnellsRecreationGrounds.Thesportswere wellpatronised,infact,'itwasthe largestattendanceseenatanysports gatheringinthisenterprisingandprogressivesuburb.Theprogrammeof eventssetdownforcompetitionwasa largeandvariedone.TheColonial Secretary(Mr.R.S.Sampson,111.L.A.) wasamongstthosepresent.Thecommitteeresponsibleforthespurtsprogrammecomprisedthefollowing: Messrs.R.Holt(chairman),A.G.McNamara(hon.secretary).W-J.McNamara(treasurer',S.Stazzonelli.H Dunne.F.Coghlan,J.Pages.P.O'Dea. and
Hall, andLeach:MissesK.andE.Dunne,I. Coghlan,andR.Cleave.TheClontarf OrphanageBanddiscoursedavaried programmeofmusicduringtheafternoon. Amostenjoyabledancewasheldin theGosnellsPublicHallintheevening.Theladiesresponsibleforthe artisticdecorationsandcateringars rangementswereMesdames,H.Potter andW.J.McNamara.Themusicwas kindlysuppliedby'MissesV.Potter andK.Dunne.andMessrs.Ii.Pearse andM.Dunne.Thedance,whichwas wellattended,concludedamostsuccessfulandenjoyableclay. Thecommitteedesirestothinkall thosewhogavethemassistance.and sokindlyrontributedtowardsthe funds,especiallythefollowing:Messrs. S.Stazzonelli,R.S.Sampson,M.L.A., !loansLtd.,J.andW.Bateman,Brennan'sLtd.,Ezywalkin'sLtd..M.Mulcahy,G.McCarthy.theSwanBrewery. CentralGardeners'Markets.Ltd.,and Mrs.McCarthy. Followingisalistofevents,with prizewinners:OpenHunters'Sweepstake:J.Dellar'sLordQuinn,I. DistrictHandicapTrot(about10 furlongs):D.J.Davidson'sRuby,150 yardsbehind,1;W.Ellis'Joker,180 yardsbehind,2. Otherstarters: Jerry,Dixieland,Jumbo,Satan,Floss andLadyDix. Walk.Trot,andGallop(1lapeach): R.Wall'sCalais,1;L.Gibbs'Jumbo,2. Open 11 miles):E.Ilallion'sLadyDora-450behind,1:HandBros.'Dixieland,150 yardsbehind.2;W.Ellis'Joker,75 yardsbehind,3.Otherstarters: LaughingJack.Jumbo,Dinkuna Calais.andRuby. 120YardsSheffieldHandicap:J. Duckwood,13yards,I;W.Thompson. 13yards,2:J.Holman.131yards,3. '75YardsSprint:W.,Thompson.6 yards,I;E.Downie.31yards,2:H.R. Green.5yards,3. 100YardsLocalHandicap:.C.Rottrell.I;H.Mattison,2. Inadditiontotheabovethefollowingitemswerealsoheld:100Yards SteppingCompetition.OldBuffers' Race-MarriedandSingleLadies'Rikes NARROGIN.
St.Patrick'sSocialandDanceThesocialanddanceheldinthe TownHallonMondayeveningunder theauspicesofthelocalR.C.Church provedverysuccessful,bothsocially andfinancially.Dancingwasindulgedinbyalarge-numberofenthusiasts tosplendidmusicprovidedbyMiss Gibbons(pianosandMr.R.Walton (violin).Fornon-dancersaprogressivethichretournamentwascarried through.Fortheladiesthreecompetitors,viz.:MesdamesUrquhart.MartensandBarnettgainedanequalnumberofpoints,andintheplayoffMrs Barnettwassuccessfulingainingthe prize.MasterUrquhartsecuredthe gent'sprize.DuringtheeveningharmonywasprovidedbyMr.LeoLeMar (Mirthmakers),MissesGibbonsand Davies,andMr.Taylor,allofwhich weregreatlyappreciated.Severalraffleswerealsodrawnfor,Mr.V.L Roach,ofKondinin,winning£1,and Mr.W.Grout10s.Thesecretary (Mr.HarryHarken),whoitisregretted,isabouttoleaveNarrogin,istobe congratulatedonthecompletearrangementsmadetoensurethestweessof hispatrons.BothMr.andMrs.Harkenwillbegreatlymissedinfuture functionsheldonbehalfoftheR.C. Church.
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